DOCSLIB.ORG

Sociocultural Influences on Body Image Dissatisfaction in Venezuelan College-Aged Women

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sociocultural Influences on Body Image Dissatisfaction in Venezuelan College-Aged Women SOCIOCULTURAL INFLUENCES ON BODY IMAGE DISSATISFACTION IN VENEZUELAN COLLEGE-AGED WOMEN By ADRIANA BARATELLI A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2008 1 © 2008 Adriana Baratelli 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the many people who have been a source of support and encouragement in my journey towards attaining this degree. First and foremost, I would like to thank all the Venezuelan women who participated in this study. Without them, this study would not have been possible. Next, I am grateful to my committee members. I would like to thank Dr. Ellen Amatea for her guidance, her wisdom, and for always encouraging me to achieve my best. Her patience, support, and encouragement have been invaluable in my journey towards this degree. She was especially supportive in believing that I could complete this degree in the time that I had intended and provided me with enough freedom and guidance to do so. I am grateful to have had her as my chairperson and as a mentor throughout this process. I also wish to thank Dr. Cirecie West-Olatunji, who served as a role model for me. She has believed in my abilities as a researcher and has provided me with numerous opportunities to grow as a scholar. Her guidance has helped me gain confidence in my skills and position myself in the field of academia. I thank Dr. Peter Sherrard, and I sincerely admire his wisdom. I will cherish many of our conversations, since through them he has challenged me to become a better therapist, a critical thinker, and a better person. I am also appreciative of Dr. Linda Behar-Horenstein for helping me get started in the dissertation process. The support that she offered me in writing the proposal was invaluable and this process would not have been so smooth had it not been for her. I sincerely admire her righteousness and her ability to make students feel supported. I am so appreciative of my family and friends. I am eternally grateful toward my parents, Hector Baratelli and Diana Laviery, for always encouraging me to achieve my best and teaching me that I can accomplish anything I set out to do. I am especially thankful to my mother, who is my hero and whose strength and determination I will always admire. I am grateful to Nicolas 3 Rubio, for always believing in me even when I did not believe in myself. His love, friendship and humor helped sustain me through this process. I am so grateful to Jaime Jasser, for having shared this process with me. At times, she sometimes seemed to be the only one that really understood what I was going through. I am especially grateful for her support and the many talks that we have shared, but most importantly, I am thankful for the friendship that came out of this process. Finally, I would like to thank my aunt, Zulay Lavieri, for her help in administering the surveys and navigating my way in Venezuela. Without her assistance, I would not have been able to complete this study. Last but not least, I would like to thank all the wonderful people who had contact with me throughout my graduate studies, including my peers, the faculty and staff in the Department of Counselor Education, and the staff at my different internship sites. My daily interactions with these wonderful individuals helped me become who I am today. I am eternally grateful for having encountered you in my journey. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................3 LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................8 ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................11 Scope of the Problem..............................................................................................................11 Theoretical Framework...........................................................................................................15 Sociocultural Theory .......................................................................................................15 Feminist Theory...............................................................................................................16 Variables of Interest in the Study ...........................................................................................17 Body Image and the Media..............................................................................................17 Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation........................................................................18 Body Image and Pressure from Mothers.........................................................................19 Feminine Norms and Body Image...................................................................................21 Purpose of the Study...............................................................................................................22 Need for the Study..................................................................................................................22 Research Questions.................................................................................................................23 Definition of Terms ................................................................................................................24 Body Image .....................................................................................................................24 Body Image Dissatisfaction.............................................................................................24 Sociocultural factors........................................................................................................24 Awareness of Sociocultural Factors ................................................................................24 Internalization of Sociocultural Factors ..........................................................................24 Femininity Standards.......................................................................................................24 Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation........................................................................24 Perceived Pressures from Mother to Conform to Beauty Standards...............................25 Perceived Feedback about Body Shape from Mother .....................................................25 Perceived Encouragement from Mothers to Lose Weight ..............................................25 2 LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................................................26 What Is Body Image? .............................................................................................................26 Body Image and Culture.........................................................................................................28 Monolithic View of Latinos ............................................................................................30 The Problem of Acculturation.........................................................................................32 Venezuelan Culture ................................................................................................................33 Impact of Oil on Diversity...............................................................................................34 Importance of Race and Socioeconomic Status in Venezuela ........................................35 Collaboration and Family................................................................................................36 5 Venezuelan Women.........................................................................................................36 Body Image in Venezuela.......................................................................................................37 Feminist Theory......................................................................................................................39 Feminist Theory and Body Image ..........................................................................................41 Theme One: Weight as Power or Coping Mechanism ....................................................42 Theme Two: The Culture of Thinness.............................................................................43 Sociocultural Theory ..............................................................................................................44 Awareness of Sociocultural Factors ................................................................................45 Internalization of Sociocultural Factors ..........................................................................46 Fear of Negative Evaluation of Appearance ...................................................................47 Influence of Mothers .......................................................................................................47 Research on Femininity...................................................................................................49 Summary and Conclusion.......................................................................................................52 3 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................55
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Miss Venezuela
    Universidad Católica Andrés Bello Facultad de Humanidades y Educación Escuela de Comunicación Social Comunicaciones Integradas al Mercadeo Trabajo Final de Concentración Concursos de belleza como herramienta promocional de la moda. Caso de estudio: Miss Venezuela Autoras: María Valentina Castro Lindainés Romero Tutor: Pedro José Navarro Caracas, julio 2017 INDICE GENERAL Introducción…………………………………………………………………….................3 Capítulo I. Marco Teórico……………………………….………………………………5 1. Marco Conceptual………………………………………………………….….5 1.1 Imagen……………………………………………………………………...5 1.1.1 Definición…………………………………………………………...5 1.1.2 Tipos de Imagen…………………………………………………...5 1.2 Posicionamiento…………………………………………………………...6 1.2.1 Definición…………………………………………………………...6 1.2.2 Estrategias de posicionamiento………………………………….7 1.3 Promoción………………………………………………………………….8 1.3.1 Definición…………………………………………………………...8 1.3.2 Herramientas de la mezcla de promoción………………………9 1.3.3 Medios Convencionales…………………………………………10 1.3.4 Medios no Convencionales……………………………………..11 1.3.5 Origen y Evolución…………………………………………...….12 1.4 Segmentación……………………………..……………………………..12 1.4.1 Definición…………………………….……………………………12 2. Marco Referencial……………………………………………………………14 2.1 Origen de los concursos de belleza……………………………………14 2.2 El primer concurso de belleza………………………………………….14 2.3 Miss Venezuela…………………………………………………………..16 2.3.1 Situación político, social y económica del Miss Venezuela…22 Capítulo 2. Marco Metodológico……………………………………………………..26 1. Modalidad…………………………………………………………………26 1 2. Objetivo……………………………………………………………………26
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism, Sovereignty, and Agrarian Politics in Venezuela
    Sowing the State: Nationalism, Sovereignty, and Agrarian Politics in Venezuela by Aaron Kappeler A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology University of Toronto © Copyright by Aaron Kappeler 2015 Sowing the State: Nationalism, Sovereignty and Agrarian Politics in Venezuela Aaron Kappeler Doctor of Philosophy Degree Anthropology University of Toronto 2015 Abstract Sowing the State is an ethnographic account of the remaking of the Venezuelan nation- state at the start of the twenty-first century, which underscores the centrality of agriculture to the re-envisioning of sovereignty. The narrative explores the recent efforts of the Venezuelan government to transform the rural areas of the nation into a model of agriculture capable of feeding its mostly urban population as well as the logics and rationales for this particular reform project. The dissertation explores the subjects, livelihoods, and discourses conceived as the proper basis of sovereignty as well as the intersection of agrarian politics with statecraft. In a nation heavily dependent on the export of oil and the import of food, the politics of land and its various uses is central to statecraft and the rural becomes a contested field for a variety of social groups. Based on extended fieldwork in El Centro Técnico Productivo Socialista Florentino, a state enterprise in the western plains of Venezuela, the narrative analyses the challenges faced by would-be nation builders after decades of neoliberal policy designed to integrate the nation into the global market as well as the activities of the enterprise directed at ii transcending this legacy.
    [Show full text]
  • Thousands Flee Smoke in Iowa City
    M - MANCHESTER HERALD. Monday, July 15, 1985 MANCHESTER FOCUS SPORTS WEATHER BUSINESS School board mixed Inexpensive tours Little League stars Clear skies tonight; about abuse program create summer fun lose tourney tilts [some sun Wednesday People, money parted ... page 3 ... page 11 ... page 17 ... page 2 Array of credit cards bombarding consumers Discover combines an array of financial services purchase on your newly authorized card and start A seemingly endless parade of credit cards and features and is a direct result of the ferment in this using the item without any delay at all. variations of them is marching into your wallet — with " I f the customer has good credit, the approval the obvious objective of lessening your desire for '"Th*e'card operates like a general credit card. process can take minutes because of access to major cash, Single-purpose credit cards, such as those Your Owners can use it at participating establishmenU credit bureaus," says Marsh. anywhere. You will pay a cardholder fee and be issued by department stores and oil companies, were 2. In some states, manufacturers offer lower long ago joined by bank cards such as MasterCa rd and Money's charged competitive interest rates. UJaurliFfitfr interest rates than those charged on bank cards. At a ftiii /-M * TiiAoHaw .Liilv. But as a user, you’ll be able to lap into other Manchester, Conn. — A City of Village Charm Tuesday, July 16, 1985 — Single copy; 25<P Visa plus travel and entertainment cards, such as minimum, the rates compete with bank card rates, Worth financial services, including automated teller ma­ American Express and Diners' Club.
    [Show full text]
  • Among the Beautiful People
    Page 1 of 3 Among the beautiful people November 8 2003 12:00AM The politics may be deadly but in Venezuela gorgeousness is a patriotic duty. Nicholas Griffin meets the ‘Misses’ and the men who remake them Last month I travelled to Caracas, to act as a judge in the Miss Venezuela competition. With 80 per cent of the population watching the pageant on television, Miss Venezuela commands a much greater audience share than any FA Cup Final. In international beauty competition, the country is dominant, having won four Miss Universes, five Miss Worlds and three Miss International titles in the past 24 years. It is said that Venezuela has two great exports: oil and beauty. The former accounts for more than 90 per cent of GDP, but despite this source of wealth half the populace lives in poverty, a legacy of poor government spanning generations. Even with the oil millions at its disposal, the current Chavez administration persists in blaming its failings on private enterprise and imperialism as it tries to force an unwilling nation towards Cuban-style communism. Beauty, on the other hand, is much more accessible to the average Venezuelan. Whether you travel on the subway or walk the finest shopping streets, you will find men and women who care deeply about how they look. It is estimated that 20 per cent of average household income is spent on beauty products and enhancements. With such interest, it is little wonder that winning the Miss Venezuela title is considered a genuine achievement. As a result, competitors in the pageant come from all walks of life, although the 20 entrants who make the final cut are invariably university students.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidad Central De Venezuela Facultad De Humanidades Y Educación Escuela De Artes Departamento De Artes Plásticas
    UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE VENEZUELA FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE ARTES DEPARTAMENTO DE ARTES PLÁSTICAS EL CUERPO COMO LUGAR DE CONFLICTOS EN LAS OBRAS DE SANDRA VIVAS, AMALIA CAPUTO, DEBORAH CASTILLO Y ARGELIA BRAVO. ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO. Trabajo de grado para optar al título de Licenciada en Artes Tutora: Autora: MSc. Alicia Moncada Br. Milena Carolina Matos Orense Caracas, octubre de 2017 DEDICATORIA A mis adorados padres y hermana por el apoyo durante el transcurso de mis estudios universitarios. A mi tía Luisa por sus consejos y disposición a ayudar. A Sebastián, mi protector, señor del conocimiento. A todos los que creen en la subversión como herramienta necesaria para desmontar imposiciones. I “El opresor no sería tan fuerte si no tuviese cómplices entre los propios oprimidos” Simone de Beauvoir “Aunque toda sociedad tiene un gobierno del cuerpo, hay siempre resistencia y protesta” Bryan Turner II AGRADECIMIENTOS A mi tutora Alicia Moncada por su amabilidad, acompañamiento, por sus indicaciones y aclaratorias teóricas que aportaron aún más a la presente tesis y a mis conocimientos. A las artistas por su amabilidad y contribuciones al permitir el acceso a sus trabajos artísticos. A Sandra Vivas por esparcir la curiosidad durante su docencia en la Escuela de Artes, sobre el arte de Carolee Schneemann y los demás trabajos artísticos hecho por mujeres. A mis amigas Virginia y Ruthsy por animarme, por sus ocurrencias y ayudas tecnológicas. A mis compañeras del Museo de Arte Popular Bárbaro Rivas por ser el mayor impulso de superación y culminación de este proyecto. A todas las personas que estuvieron pendientes de los avances y de la materialización de este propósito.
    [Show full text]
  • Pelo Malo: Representing Symbolic Violence in the Intricacies of Venezuela’S Contemporary Film Landscape
    Fairfield University DigitalCommons@Fairfield Modern Languages & Literature Faculty Publications Modern Languages & Literature Department Spring 2017 Pelo malo: Representing Symbolic Violence in the Intricacies of Venezuela’s Contemporary Film Landscape Michelle Leigh Farrell Fairfield University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/modernlanguagesandliterature- facultypubs This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License Peer Reviewed Repository Citation Farrell, Michelle Leigh, "Pelo malo: Representing Symbolic Violence in the Intricacies of Venezuela’s Contemporary Film Landscape" (2017). Modern Languages & Literature Faculty Publications. 31. https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/modernlanguagesandliterature-facultypubs/31 Published Citation Farrell, Michelle Leigh. “Pelo malo: Representing Symbolic Violence in the Intricacies of Venezuela’s Contemporary Film Landscape”, Cincinnati Romance Review, Volume 42 Spring 2017: (190-210). This item has been accepted for inclusion in DigitalCommons@Fairfield by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Fairfield. It is brought to you by DigitalCommons@Fairfield with permission from the rights- holder(s) and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless
    [Show full text]
  • The Year in Assembly & Association Rights
    2014: The Year in Assembly & Association Rights A report issued by UN Special Rapporteur Maina Kiai in January 2015 United Nations Special Rapporteur On the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2014: The Year in Assembly and Association Rights Issued in January 2015 United Nations Special Rapporteur On the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association http://www.freeassembly.net United Nations Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association The Special Rapporteur’s mandate The special procedures of the Human Rights Council are independent human rights experts with mandates to report and advise on human rights from a thematic or country-specific perspective. The system of Special Procedures is a central element of the United Nations human rights machinery and covers all human rights: civil, cultural, economic, political, and social. As of October 1, 2014, there were 39 thematic and 14 country mandates. The mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association was established in October 2010 via Human Rights Council resolution 15/21 and renewed for an additional three years in September 2013 via HRC resolution 24/5. Maina Kiai took up his duties as the first Special Rapporteur on assembly and association on May 1, 2011. The Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association examines, monitors, advises and publicly reports on the freedoms of assembly and association worldwide. Work methods include responding to individual complaints, conducting studies, providing technical assistance to governments, and engaging in public outreach and promotional activities – all with the ultimate goal of promoting and protecting the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • International Beauty Pageants and the Construction of Hegemonic Images of Female Beauty
    Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences 2018 41 (2): 123-136 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljss.v41i2.7699 RESEARCH ARTICLE International beauty pageants and the construction of hegemonic images of female beauty H. I. G. C. Kumara* and R. A. W. D. Jayawardhana Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka. Abstract : Binaries like ‘beauty/ugliness’ or ‘fair/dark’ are Keywords: Beauty, international beauty pageants, Capitalism, ideological images driving the world market for beauty hegemony. products. How are these images created? How far is the process of construction of these images influenced by socio-political INTRODUCTION and economic hegemonies? This paper addresses these research questions by deploying a qualitative dominant ‘Mixed Research ‘Knowledge’ and ‘Ideologies’ are socially constructed Methodology’ and ‘Inductive Research Approach’. The paper (Deutscher, 2014; Dubuisson, 2003; Syrotinski, 2007), is based on secondary data on titleholders of a major beauty ultimately in keeping with the social, political and pageant held during the 50 year period from 1967 to 2017. The data was analyzed using the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) economic interests of the ruling elites (Stoddart, 2007; method. The research discovered that 68% of titleholders are Elden, 2016). The binary categories such as ‘beauty/ from peripheral/semi-peripheral countries such as India and ugliness’ or ‘fair/ dark’ are among these ideological Venezuela. Further, the researchers found that the physical constructs shaping the identities and consumption features of these non-European titleholders from the peripheral behavior of the masses (Jameson, 2009). ‘Beauty’ is states closely resemble western Caucasian ‘white’ woman, associated with appearance- physical/facial attractiveness conforming to ideal standards of western feminine beauty.
    [Show full text]
  • Pro TV, Romania: Stronger and Bigger
    12 12 PRENSARIO INTERNATIONAL PRENSARIO INTERNATIONAL PRENSARIO INTERNATIONAL PRENSARIO INTERNATIONAL COMMENTARY FROM BUDAPEST TO PRAGUE: THE CHALLENGES OF THE MAIN CEE TRADE SHOW NATPE Europe lot in a region that arrives this month we consider to Prague, Czech strategic for the Republic, after f u t u r e’. 23 years held On Tuesday PUBLISHED BY EDITORIAL PRENSARIO SRL in Budapest, morning, there is LAVALLE 1569, OF. 405 Hungary. It is a big a co-production C1048 AAK move from NATPE panel Now, the BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA organization —it Story Starts in PHONE: (+54-11) 4924-7908 acquired Discop in Europe! with Rola FAX: (+54-11) 4925-2507 2011— that aims Bauer, president/ Rod Perth, CEO, NATPE to bring fresh air to partner of Tandem IN THE U.S.: a tradeshow that, Communications 12307 SW 133 COURT - in comparison with the former ones, has now more and Thomas von SUITE #1432 competition in the region. Hennet, V P MIAMI, FLORIDA 33186-USA During the last day of Natpe Budapest 2013, international co-production & documentaries, PHONE: (305) 890-1813 Prague appeared to be the next city for the show, ProSiebenSat.1, both from Germany. Barrandov after a research made by the organizer. And it finally Studios, Universal Production Partners and Stillking EMAIL: [email protected] happened: Natpe Europe is being held in this city Films are the other sponsors of the Summit that covers WEBSITE: www.PRENSARIO.TV from June 23-26, with lots of expectations, as well the aspects of building a global narrative and moving as challenges to improve the market organization.
    [Show full text]
  • Univerzita Hradec Králové Filozofická Fakulta Katedra Politologie
    Univerzita Hradec Králové Filozofická fakulta Katedra politologie Komparace populistických vlád Huga Cháveze a Alberta Fujimoriho Diplomová práce Autor: Bc. Markéta Husáková Studijní program: N6701 Politologie Studijní obor: Politologie – latinskoamerická studia Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Michaela Prouzová Hradec Králové, 2014 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto diplomovou práci vypracovala pod vedením vedoucího diplomové práce samostatně a uvedla jsem všechny použité prameny a literaturu. V Rokycanech dne ……………………………. Poděkování Velmi ráda bych poděkovala Mgr. Michaele Prouzové, za její odbornou pomoc při vypracování diplomové práce a taktéž za přínosné připomínky při konzultacích spojené s jejím vypracováním. Anotace Husáková, Markéta „Komparace populistických vlád Huga Cháveze a Alberta Fujimoriho." Hradec Králové: Filozofická fakulta, Univerzita Hradec Králové, 2014, 120 stran diplomové práce Základním principem populismu je snaha o diskreditaci stávajícího politického systému a zisk podpory širokého spektra voličů skrze kritiku vládnoucích elit. Populismus si ovšem prošel značným vývojem a mnoha proměnami, proto je obtížné jednotlivé populistické vůdce a jejich vlády správně zařadit. Jako nejzákladnější členění lze použít rozdělení populismu na klasický populismus, neopopulismus a nový populismus. Představitelé těchto forem populismu se od sebe značně liší, jak ve strategii, kterou k vládnutí používají, tak ve výstupech, jichž svojí vládou dosáhnou. Vzhledem ke složitosti vymezení jednotlivých termínů a specifických znaků, jež nesou, je
    [Show full text]
  • General Country of Origin Information Report Venezuela 2020
    General Country of Origin Information Report Venezuela 2020 Date June 2020 Page 1 of 112 General Country of Origin Information Report Venezuela 2020 | Publication details City The Hague Assembled by Country of Origin Information Reports Section (DAF/AB) Page 2 of 112 General Country of Origin Information Report Venezuela 2020 | Table of Contents Publication details ............................................................................................2 Table of Contents ............................................................................................3 Introduction ....................................................................................................5 1 Political and security situation .................................................................... 6 1.1 Political development and society ......................................................................6 1.1.1 The Maduro government ..................................................................................6 1.1.2 The current (political) balance of power ..............................................................8 1.2 The security situation .......................................................................................9 1.2.1 The security situation, focusing on certain areas in particular ................................9 1.3 Freedom of movement ................................................................................... 12 1.3.1 Travel restrictions .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Spirit of Adventure Is Heading This Way Without a Map
    Tuesday 15th July, 2008 7 The Spirit of Adventure is heading this way without a map And this weekend, more than 200 teams will set off on atch out. On the journey. Saturday, July 19th, a In 2004, one couple tried to Wlarge number of make it in a pink, Robin crazed Europeans are going Reliant three-wheeler, which to set off on a London to Asia only got as far Russia (and is trip. They are aiming for still in a parking lot there, Mongolia, but no one knows racking up a bill now close to where they’ll end up, as they 50 per cent of the country’s don’t have maps, air tickets, GDP). hotel bookings, or even prop- In 2005, the Johnstone Alexander Fleming er transport. brothers set off with a tool This is the true story of kit consisting of a screw driv- reached America had not the rediscovery of the Spirit er and a 60 cm piece of heat- Christopher Columbus set off of Adventure. ing pipe found in the back of for India in entirely the In 2001, two British men the car. They had no map, but wrong direction? were looking at their car, a wore nice tuxedos and had Would penicillin have been discovered had small and shabby Fiat 126, Christopher Columbus Archimedes Ulaanbaator written in biro wondering where to go for the on their arms. Alexander Fleming not gone In 2006, one man used a on holiday without washing evening. A reasonable answer more Asian. To get some- Honda C90, a tiny motorbike up his lab dishes? I heartily approve of this sort of reckless behav- would have been, “How about where, you just go.
    [Show full text]