255
APPENDIX! The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (The ASCII code)
dec hex character name
0 00 NUL null character 1 01 SOH start of heading 2 02 STX start text 3 03 ETX end text 4 04 EOT end of transmission 5 05 ENQ enquiry 6 06 ACK acknowledge 7 07 BEL ring bell 8 08 BS backspace 9 09 HT horiwntal tab 10 Oa LF linefeed 11 Ob VT vertical tab 12 Oc FF fonnfeed 13 Od CR carriage return 14 Oe SO shift out 15 Of SI shift in 16 10 OLE data link escape 17 11 DCI device control #1 18 12 DC2 device control #2 19 13 DC1 device control #3 20 14 DCI device control #4 21 15 NAK negative acknowledge 22 16 SYN synchronous idle 23 17 ETB end transmission block 24 18 CAN cancel 25 19 EM end medium 26 1a SUB substitute 27 Ib ESC escape 28 lc FS file separator 29 Id GS group separator 30 Ie RS record separator 31 If US unit separator 32 20 SP space 256 APPENDICES The ASOI code (contd.)
dec hex char dec hex char dec hex char 33 21 65 41 A 97 61 a 34 22 .. 66 42 B 98 62 b 35 23 # 67 43 C 99 63 c 36 24 $ 68 44 D 100 64 d 37 25 % 69 45 E 101 65 e 38 26 & 70 46 F 102 66 f 39 27 71 47 G 103 67 g 40 28 ( 72 48 H 104 68 h 41 29 ) 73 49 I 105 69 i 42 2a * 74 4a J 106 6a j 43 2b + 75 4b K 107 6b k 44 2c 76 4c L 108 6c I 45 2d - 77 4d M 109 6d m 46 2e 78 4e N 110 6e n 47 2f / 79 4f 0 111 6f 0 48 30 0 80 50 P 112 70 P 49 31 1 81 51 Q 113 71 q 50 32 2 82 52 R 114 72 r 51 33 3 83 53 S 115 73 s 52 34 4 84 54 T 116 74 t 53 35 5 85 55 U 117 75 u 54 36 6 86 56 V 118 76 v 55 37 7 87 57 W 119 77 w 56 38 8 88 58 X 120 78 x 57 39 9 89 59 Y 121 79 Y 58 3a 90 5a Z 122 7a z 59 3b 91 5b [ 123 7b { 60 3c < 92 5c \ 124 7c I 61 3d = 93 5d ] 125 7d } 62 3e > 94 5e 1\ 126 7e 63 3f ? 95 5f 127 7f del 64 40 @ 94 60 • APPENDICES 257
APPENDIX 2 Binary and Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) values binary dec BCD Binary dec BCD binary dec BCD 00000001 1 01 00000010 2 02 00000011 3 03 00000100 4 04 00000101 5 05 00000110 6 06 00000111 7 07 00001000 8 08 00001001 9 09 00001010 10 00001011 11 00001100 12 00001101 13 00001110 14 00001111 15 00010000 16 10 00010001 17 11 00010010 18 12 00010011 19 13 00010100 20 14 00010101 21 15 ooo101l0 22 16 00010111 23 17 00011000 24 18 00011001 25 19 00011010 26 00011011 27 oool1loo 28 00011101 29 00011110 30 00011111 31 00100000 32 20 00100001 33 21 00100010 34 22 00100011 35 23 00100100 36 24 00100101 37 25 00100110 38 26 00100111 39 27 00101000 40 28 00101001 41 29 00101010 42 00101011 43 00101100 44 00101101 45 00101110 46 00101111 47 00110000 48 30 00110001 49 31 00110010 50 32 00110011 51 33 00110100 52 34 00110101 53 35 00110110 54 36 00110111 55 37 00111000 56 38 00111001 57 39 00111010 58 00111011 59 00111100 60 00111101 61 00111110 62 00111111 63 01000000 64 40 01000001 65 41 01000010 66 42 01000011 67 43 01000100 68 44 01000101 69 45 O1ooo1l0 70 46 01000111 71 47 01001000 72 48 01001001 73 49 01001010 74 01001011 75 01001100 76 01001101 77 01001110 78 01001111 79 01010000 80 50 01010001 81 51 01010010 82 52 01010011 83 53 01010100 84 54 01010101 85 55 01010110 86 56 01010111 87 57 01011000 88 58 01011001 89 59 01011010 90 01011011 91 01011100 92 01011101 93 01011110 94 01011111 95 01100000 96 60 01100001 97 61 01100010 98 62 01100011 99 63 01100100 100 64 01100101 101 65 01100110 102 66 01loo1l1 103 67 01l01ooo 104 68 01101001 105 69 01101010 106 01101011 107 01101100 108 01101101 109 01101110 110 01101111 111 011loooo 112 70 01110001 113 71 01110010 114 72 O11loo1l 115 73 01110100 116 74 01110101 117 75 01110110 118 76 01110111 119 77 01111000 120 78 0111loo1 121 79 01111010 122 01l1101l 123 O1111loo 124 01111101 125 01111110 126 0111l1l1 127 10000000 128 80 10000001 129 81 10000010 130 82 10000011 131 83 10000100 132 84 10000101 133 85 10000110 134 86 10000111 135 87 10001000 136 88 10001001 137 89 10001010 138 10001011 139 10001100 140 10001101 141 10001110 142 10001111 143 10010000 144 90 10010001 145 91 10010010 146 92 10010011 147 93 10010100 148 94 10010101 149 95 10010110 150 96 10010111 151 97 10011000 152 98 10011001 153 99 10011010 154 10011011 155 10011100 156 10011101 157 10011110 158 10011111 159
Note: - represents a forbidden BCD representation. 258 APPENDICES
APPENDIX 3. Decimal-Hexadecimal conversion tables,
a) 1-256 in steps of 1 dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hex
1 OlH 2 02H 3 03H 4 O4H 5 05H 6 06H 7 07H 8 08H 9 O9H 10 OaH 11 ObH 12 OcH 13 0dH 14 OeH 15 OfH 16 lOH 17 11H 18 12H 19 13H 20 14H 21 15H 22 16H 23 17H 24 18H 25 19H 26 1aH 27 1bH 28 1cH 29 1dH 30 1eH 31 1fH 32 20H 33 2lH 34 22H 35 23H 36 24H 37 25H 38 26H 39 27H 40 28H 41 29H 42 2aH 43 2bH 44 2cH 45 2dH 46 2eH 47 2fH 48 30H 49 3lH 50 32H 51 33H 52 34H 53 35H 54 36H 55 37H 56 38H 57 39H 58 3aH 59 3bH 60 3eH 61 3dH 62 3eH 63 3fH 64 40H 65 41H 66 42H 67 43H 68 44H 69 45H 70 46H 71 47H 72 48H 73 49H 74 4aH 75 4bH 76 4cH 77 4dH 78 4eH 79 4fH 80 50H 81 51H 82 52H 83 53H 84 54H 85 55H 86 56H 87 57H 88 58H 89 59H 90 5aH 91 5bH 92 5eH 93 5dH 94 5eH 95 5fH 96 60H 97 61H 98 62H 99 63H 100 64H 101 65H 102 66H 103 67H 104 68H 105 69H 106 6aH 107 6bH 108 6cH 109 6dH 110 6eH 111 6fH 112 70H 113 7lH 114 72H 115 73H 116 74H 117 75H 118 76H 119 77H 120 78H 121 79H 122 7aH 123 7bH 124 7eH 125 7dH 126 7eH 127 7fH 128 80H 129 81H 130 82H 131 83H 132 84H 133 85H 134 86H 135 87H 136 88H 137 89H 138 8aH 139 8bH 140 8eH 141 8dH 142 8eH 143 8fH 144 90H 145 91H 146 92H 147 93H 148 94H 149 95H 150 96H 151 97H 152 98H 153 99H 154 9aH 155 9bH 156 9cH 157 9dH 158 geH 159 9fH 160 aOH 161 a1H 162 a2H 163 a3H 164 a4H 165 aSH 166 a6H 167 a7H 168 a8H 169 a9H 170 aaH 171 abH 172 acH 173 adH 174 aeH 175 afH 176 bOH 177 blH 178 b2H 179 b3H 180 b4H 181 b5H 182 b6H 183 b7H 184 b8H 185 b9H 186 baH 187 bbH 188 bcH 189 bdH 190 beH 191 bfH 192 cOH 193 elH 194 e2H 195 c3H 196 c4H 197 c5H 198 e6H 199 e7H 200 e8H 201 e9H 202 eaH 203 ebH 204 ccH 205 cdH 206 ceH 207 efH 208 dOH 209 dlH 210 d2H 211 d3H 212 d4H 213 dSH 214 d6H 215 d7H 216 d8H 217 d9H 218 daH 219 dbH 220 dcH 221 ddH 222 deH 223 dfH 224 eOH 225 e1H 226 e2H 227 e3H 228 e4H 229 e5H 230 e6H 231 e7H 232 e8H 233 e9H 234 eaH 235 ebH 236 ecH 237 edH 238 eeH 239 efH 240 fOH 241 flH 242 f2H 243 f3H 244 f4H 245 f5H 246 f6H 247 nH 248 fSH 249 f9H 250 faH 251 fbH 252 feH 253 fdH 254 feH 255 ffH 256 looH APPENDICES 259 b) 256-32768 in steps of 256 dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hex 256 100H 512 200H 768 300H 1024 400H 1280 500H 1536 600H 1792 700H 2048 800H 2304 900H 2560 aOOH 2816 bOOH 3072 cOOH 3328 dOOH 3584 eOOH 3840 fOOH 4096 1000H 4352 1100H 4608 1200H 4864 1300H 5120 1400H 5376 1500H 5632 1600H 5888 1700H 6144 1800H 6400 1900H 6656 laOOH 6912 1bOOH 7168 1cOOH 7424 1dOOH 7680 1eOOH 7936 lfOOH 8192 2000H 8448 2100H 8704 2200H 8960 2300H 9216 2400H 9472 2500H 9728 2600H 9984 2700H 10240 2800H 10496 2900H 10752 2aOOH 11008 2bOOH 11264 2cOOH 11520 2dOOH 11776 2eOOH 12032 2fOOH 12288 3000H 12544 3100H 12800 3200H 13056 3300H 13312 3400H 13568 3500H 13824 3600H 14080 3700H 14336 3800H 14592 3900H 14848 3aOOH 15104 3bOOH 15360 3cOOH 15616 3dOOH 15872 3eOOH 16128 3fOOH 16384 4000H 16640 4100H 16896 4200H 17152 4300H 17408 4400H 17664 4500H 17920 4600H 18176 4700H 18432 4800H 18688 4900H 18944 4aOOH 19200 4bOOH 19456 4cOOH 19712 4dOOH 19968 4eOOH 20224 4fOOH 20480 5000H 20736 5100H 20992 5200H 21248 5300H 21504 5400H 21760 5500H 22016 5600H 22272 5700H 22528 5800H 22784 5900H 23040 5aOOH 23296 5bOOH 23552 5cOOH 23808 5dOOH 24064 5eOOH 24320 5fOOH 24576 6000H 24832 6100H 25088 6200H 25344 6300H 25600 6400H 25856 6500H 26112 6600H 26368 6700H 26624 6800H 26880 6900H 27136 6aOOH 27392 6bOOH 27648 6cOOH 27904 6dOOH 28160 6eOOH 28416 6fOOH 28672 7000H 28928 7100H 29184 7200H 29440 7300H 29696 7400H 29952 7500H 30208 7600H 30464 7700H 30720 7800H 30976 7900H 31232 7aOOH 31488 7bOOH 31744 7cOOH 32000 7dOOH 32256 7eOOH 32512 7fOOH 32768 8000H
C) 33024-65536 in steps of 512 dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hex 33024 8100H 33536 8300H 34048 8500H 34560 8700H 35072 8900H 35584 8bOOH 36096 8dOOH 36608 8fOOH 37120 9100H 37632 9300H 38144 9500H 38656 9700H 39168 9900H 39680 9bOOH 40192 9dOOH 40704 9fOOH 41216 a100H 41728 a300H 42240 aSOOH 42752 a700H 43264 a900H 43776 abOOH 44288 adOOH 44800 afOOH 45312 b100H 45824 b300H 46336 b500H 46848 b700H 47360 b900H 47872 bbOOH 48384 bdOOH 48896 bfOOH 49408 c100H 49920 c300H 50432 c500H 50944 c700H 51456 c900H 51968 cbOOH 52480 cdOOH 52992 cfOOH 53504 d100H 54016 d300H 54528 dSOOH 55040 d700H 55552 d900H 56064 dbOOH 56576 ddOOH 57088 dfOOH 57600 e100H 58112 e300H 58624 e500H 59136 e700H 59648 e900H 60160 ebOOH 60672 edOOH 61184 efOOH 61696 flOOH 62208 f300H 62720 f500H 63232 f700H 63744 f900H 64256 fbOOH 64768 fdOOH 65280 ffOOH 260 APPENDICES d) 65536-4194304 in steps of 65536 dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hex 65536 l0000H 131072 20000H 196608 30000H 262144 40000H 327680 50000H 393216 60000H 458752 70000H 524288 80000H 589824 90000H 655360 aOOOOH 720896 bOOOOH 786432 cOOOOH 851968 dOOOOH 917504 eOOOOH 983040 f()()()()H 1048576 l00000H 1114112 11 OOOOH 1179648 120000H 1245184 130000H 1310720 140000H 1376256 150000H 1441792 160000H 1507328 170000H 1572864 180000H 1638400 190000H 1703936 laOOOOH 1769472 lbOOOOH 1835008 lcOOOOH 1900544 IdOOOOH 1966080 leOOOOH 2031616 If()()()()H 2097152 200000H 2162688 210000H 2228224 220000H 2293760 230000H 2359296 240000H 2424832 250000H 2490368 260000H 2555904 270000H 2621440 280000H 2686976 290000H 2752512 2aOOOOH 2818048 2bOOOOH 2883584 2cOOOOH 2949120 2dOOOOH 3014656 2eOOOOH 3080192 2f()()()()H 3145728 300000H 3211264 310000H 3276800 320000H 3342336 330000H 3407872 340000H 3473408 350000H 3538944 360000H 3604480 370000H 3670016 380000H 3735552 390000H 3801088 3aOOOOH 3866624 3bOOOOH 3932160 3cOOOOH 3997696 3dOOOOH 4063232 3eOOOOH 4128768 3f()()()()H 4194304 400000H 261
BmLIOGRAPHY
General electronics and integrated circuits
O. Bishop, "Beginner's Guide to Electronics", 4th edition pub. Newnes, London, UK., 1982
G. B. Clayton, "Operational Amplifiers", 2nd edition pub. Butterworths, London, UK., 1979
J. K. Hardy, "High frequency circuit design" pub. Reston Publishing Co. Inc., Reston, Virginia, 1979
B. Holdsworth, "Digital Logic Design", 2nd edition pub. Butterworths, London, UK., 1987
P. Horowitz and W. Hill, "The Art of Electronics" pub. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK., 1980
E. Hnatek, "Design of Solid State Power Supplies", 2nd. edition pub. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY., 1981
D. Johnson, L. Johnson, and H. Moore, "A Handbook of Active Filters" pub. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ., 1980
W. G. Jung, "IC Op-amp Cookbook", 3rd edition pub. Howard W. Sams & Co. Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1986
R. Morrison, "Grounding and Shielding Techniques in Instrumentation", 3rd. edition pub. J. Wiley & Sons, New York, NY., 1986
E. S. Oxner, "Power PETs and their Applications" pub. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ., 1982
R. G. Seippel, "Transducers, Sensors and Detectors" pub. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ., 1983 262 BIBLIOGRAPHY Microcomputers and software
R. Duncan, "Advanced MS-DOS" pub. Microsoft Press, Bellevue, Washington, 1986
D. Durant, G. Carlson and P. Yao, "Programmer's Guide to Windows" pub. Sybex Inc., Alameda, California, 1987
S. Dvorak and A. Musset, "BASIC in Action" pub. Butterworths, London, UK., 1984
M. H. Lewin, "Elements of C" pub. Plenum Publishing, New York~ NY, 1986
C. Morgan and M. Waite, "8086/8088 16-bit Microprocessor Primer" pub. McGraw-Hill, Berkeley, CA., 1982
P. Norton, "Programmer's guide to the IBM PC" pub. Microsoft Press, Bellevue, Wasbington, 1985
S. P. Morse, "The 8086/8088 Primer" pub. Hayden, London, UK., 1982
M. Sargent & R. L. Shoemaker, "The IBM Personal Computer from the inside out" pub. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. Inc. Reading, MA., 1984
L. J. Scanlon, "IBM PC & XT Assembly Language" pub. Brady Inc, New York, NY., 1985
R. Startz, "8087 Applications and Programming" pub. R. J. Brady Co., Bowie, MD, 1983
R. J. Traister, "Going from BASIC to e" pub. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ., 1985
The Waite Group, "68000, 68010, 68020 Primer" pub. Howard W. Sams & Co. Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1985
V. Wolverton, "Running MS-DOS" pub. Microsoft Press, Bellevue, Washington, 1984 263
Interfacing to digital systems
B. A. Artwick, "Microcomputer Interfacing" pub. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ., 1980
J. C. Ouley, "Interfacing to Microprocessors" pub. Macmillan Publishing, Basingstoke, UK., 1983
P. H. Garrett, "Analog I/O Design" pub. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ., 1981
P. W. Gofion, "Mastering Serial Communications" pub. Sybex Inc., Alameda, California, 1987
C. Pye, "Networking with Microcomputers" pub. NCC Publications, Manchester, UK., 1985
Martin D. Seyer, "RS-232 Made Easy" pub. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ., 1984
D. A. Tugal and O. Tugal, "Data Transmission" pub. McGraw-Hill, Berkeley, CA., 1982
The Waite Group, "PC-LAN Primer" pub. Howard W. Sams & Co. Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1986
"An Introduction to the IEEE 488 Bus Standard" pub. Farnell Instruments Ltd. Wetherby, UK. 1980
''Tutorial Description of the Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus" pub. Hewlett-Packard. 264
DEVICE INDEX
OP07, 35,61,176 306, 83 LH0032, 35 310, 44,53 LH0033 , 44 311, 83 LH0036, 45 319, 83,85 LH0038 , 45 339, 83 LH0063 , 44 LF352, 45 071, 35,41,53,59,85 360, 83 LM396K, 62,243,248 74 family ZN428E, 90, 175 ZN435E, 90 7400, 70 ZN439E, 92 7401, 70 ZN448E, 92, 175 7402, 70 TL507, 92 7404, 70 7406, 70 00526, 218 7407, 75 531, 3S 7408, 70 ADS73 , 92 7409, 70 AD574, 92 7410, 70 DAC703JP, 90 7420, 70 741, 35 7430, 70, 184 DAC0800, 90 7432, 70, 184 TDC1007, 92 7486, 70 SAA1027, 96,243,248 74148, 91 ADC121O, 165 74154, 172 2068, 61 74165, 93 3080, 49 74164, 94 CA3300, 92 74C373, 78,80,152 MC341OF, 90 74C688, 170 4000 family Z80, 110,118 A111, 85 4OO1B, 74,247 TIP121, 61 4011B, 74 L165V, 62 4012B, 74 302, 44 4013B, 161,167,247 DEVICE INDEX 265
4016B, 74 6402, 215 4023B, 74 6502, 110,117 4024B, 153 6800, 117 4027B, 86, 166 6821, 197 4040B, 74, 76, 166 ICL7109, 92 4047B, 86, 158, 165,216 AD7520, 90 4049UB, 73,74,248 AD7534, 90 4050B, 73, 74, 75 AD7542, 90 405IB, 74 AD7581, 92 4060B, 74 ICL7605, 45 4068, 74,247 8080, 110,118 4069, 247 8086, 111, 118, 127 4070B, 74 8087, 115 4071B, 74 8088, 110, 127 408IB, 74 8255, 135, 184 4515B, 74,157,160,167,247 8703CJ, 92 4526B, 154 HS94 10, 178 4528B, 153, 175 68000, 111 4536, 74 75188, 216 4585, 74 75189, 216 4598B, 74 80286, 112 80287, 115 4702B, 216 80386, 112, 127 NE5539, 43 266
SUBJECT INDEX
Ac signal, 14 compilers, 114,115 Ac amplifiers, 51 data transfers (GPIB), 196, 198 Ac-dc conversion, 52 language, 112, Actor, 144 Baud rate, 202, ADCs, 92 generator, 216 Address bus, 103,129 Baudot code, 203 Address decoding, 120,136 BCD, 98,257 Address, multiplexing, 156 BELL standards, 204, 220 Advanced low-power Schottky, 72 Bessel filters, 60 Amphenol connectors, 181,189 Bifet op-amps, 34 Amplifier Binary coded decimal, 98, 257 ac, 51 Binary numbers, 97 configurations, 38 Binary ripple counter, 76 operational, 33, 35 Bipolar devices, 34 pulse, 57 Bipolar pulses, 15 unity gain, 43 Bit, 97 Analog/digital interconversions, 87 manipulation, 99, 100 Analog mapped display, 106,130 to digital converters, 90 Brain Boxes IEEE488 interface card, 197 input interfaces, 148 Bridge circuits, 13 output interfaces, 149 Bubble memory, 102 AND Buffer gates, 66 amplifiers, 43, 53 operations, 99 latching, 79 Assembler language, 113, 252 logic, 67 Astable device, 86 Bus, 80,101,121,135, 157 AT compatible micro, 127,129 Busy signals, 122, 183 ATN line (GPIB), 188, 191 Butterworth filters, 60 Byte, 97, 101 Bandwidth, 41 handshaking, 122,139,183,190,207 Band pass filter, 60 BASIC C language, 114 commands,4 CALL instruction, 113 SUBJECf INDEX 267 Cartridge tape, 108 Cyclic redundancy check, 223 Cassette tape, 108 CCITT standards, 204,219 D connector, 181, 204 Centronics interface, 180 DACs,90 CGA, 130, 132 Daisy wheel printers, 108 Characters, 98, 202 Data Character generator, 105, 131 bits, 202,203,216 Charge generating transducer, 11 bus, 102, 129, 157 Charge balancing (ADCs), 92 communications equipment, 204 Chebyshev filters, 60 sub-bus (GPIB), 189 Chemical potential, 11 terminal equipment, 204 CIL GPIB interface card, 196 DAV, 189 Clock dB scale, 30 circuits, 78, 79 Dc signals, 14 inputs, 77, 87 DCD,205 signals, 87, 103, 117 DCE,204 Clocked logic, 86 Decoders, 120, 158 CMOS Decoding gates, 72 address, 134, 157 logic levels, 74 memory address, 120 and TIL interfacing, 75 Demultiplexors, 158 CMRR,40 Differential amplifier configuration, 40 Coil,l1 Differentiators, 56 Colour graphics adaptor (IBM PC), 130 Differentiation time, 57, 58 Colour monitors, 106, 132 Digital Common mode rejection ratio, 40 comparators, 171 Common mode signals, 40 data interfaces, 153 Comparator signals, 65 digital, 171 serial, 92 threshold, 83 parallel, 77, 80 voltage, 82 Digital to analog conversion, 89 Compensation, op-amp frequency, 42 Digitising tablets, 109 Compilers, 114 OIL (dual in-line) package, 8 Composite video signals, 104 Diode drop, 53 Control bus, 102, 117 Diode, precision, 53 Control line for interfaces, 121, 148, 157 Disc, see Disk Control signals, 7, 31, 60, 94 Disk, 107 Control sub-bus (GPIB), 189 operating systems, lIS, 140 Controller (GPIB), 187, 191 Display mode (PC), 132 Counters, logic pulse, 76 Divide-by-n counters, 76, 154 CP/M, 115 DMOS power PETs, 31 CRC,223 DOS, 115, 140 Crystal oscillators, 78, 103 Dot matrix printers, 108 CTS, 205 DSR,205 Current measurement, 20 DTE,204 Current to voltage covetter, 50 DTR,205 268 SUBJECT INDEX Dual slope integration, 92 GPIB, 186 Duplex Graphics Full, 206 display, 106, 131 Half, 206 plotters, 109 Dynamic interfaces, 173 Dynamic RAM, 102 Handshaking, 121, 166 Centronics, 182 E1 & E2 (GPm), 195 GPm, 190 EBCDIC, 203 RS232C, 207 Edge triggering, 86 Hard disks, 108 Efficiency of power transfer, 18 Hayes command codes, 222 EGA, 132 Hayes Smartmodem, 221 Eight bit micros, 97 Hercules graphics adaptor, 131 Electrochemical electrode, 11 Hexadecimal, 99,258 Electrode, 5,11 High impedance input Enhanced graphics adaptor (IBM PC), 132 amplifiers, 34, 39 Enquire/acknowledge, 207 op-amps, 35 EOI, 189 High impedance state, 80 EOR,66 High leveUanguages, 99, 112 EQgate, 67 High-pass filters, 60 Exclusive OR, 66 High power TIL, 72 Expansion bus (PC), 128 High resolution graphics, 107, 132, 133 FastTIL,72 interfaces, 162 Feedback systems, op-amp, 36 Hold-until-reset logic, 68 Filament, hot, 20 HPm, 186 File transfer protocols, 222 Hydrogen ion activity, 2,5 Filters, 60 Hysterisis, comparator threshold, 83 Flag, interrupt, 123 Flash conversion (ADC), 90 IBM correspondence code, 203 Flicker noise, 24 mMPC, 125 Flip-flops, 86 Identify (GPIB), 189 Floppy disks, 107 IEC 625-1, 186 Flostat,2 IEEE 488, 186 Flow rate, 2 IFC, 189 Follow, 158 Impedance FOR1RAN, 114 converters, 27,43 Frequency compensation, 42 transducer, 12 Framing errors, 217 IN, 118,137 Full scale errors (NO), 88 Inhibit, output, 158 INP, 120 GEM environment, 143 INPUT#, 213 Genius full page display, 133 Input offset (op-amp) GET (group execute trigger), 194 current, 36 Glitches, 71 voltage, 35 G-Mtubes, 2 Input overdrive, comparator, 83 SUBJEcr INDEX 269 Input, trigger, 86 signals, 65 Instrumentation Long-tail pulse signals, 15 amplifiers, 45 Low-pass filters, 59, 148 op-amps, 45 Low power Schottky TTL, 72 Insulation displacement, 9, 180 Low power TTL, 72 INT, 119 LSI, 97 Integrated circuits, 8 Integration time, 55,58 Machine code, 99, 113 Integrators, 54 Magnetic disks, 107 Interface, Magnetic tape, 108 control, 163 Management sub-bus (GPIB), 189 high resolution, 162 Manostat, 2 dynamic, 173 Mapping Interference, 21,26, 149 analog & digital signals, 88 Interrupts, 123 memory, 120 Interrupt flag, 123 Maximising power transfer, 18 Inverter, logic, 67 MCLl, 186 Inverting amplifier, 38 Measurement system Ionisation chamber, 20 conventional, 4 lOR & lOW, 118 computer based, 5 IORQ, 118 Measurement functions, 2 IRQ, 117, Measurement signals, 14 Medium scale integration, 76 JK flip-flop, 86 Memory, 101 Johnson noise, 23 expanded, 127 extended, 127 Kennit, 223 mapping, 120 Kilobyte, k, 101 MEMR & MEMW, 118 MEMRQ, 118 Large scale integration, 97 Microcomputers, 3, 6, 97 Laser printer, 108 Microphone, 11 Latch, 78 Microprocessor, 101, 117, 125 enable, 80 Microsoft synchronisation, 166 disk operating system, 141 Levels Windows environment, 143 logic, 65 Minimising interference, 26 threshold, 83 MLA (GPIB), 192 Light detectors, 11, 20 Modem, 204, 218 LIM (LotuS-Intel-Microsoft), 127 Monochromator, 2,242 Listen address, 192 Monolithic DACs, 89 Listener (GPIB), 188 Monostable, 86 Load impedance, 17 MOV, 137 Logic MPU, 101,117,125 gates, 65 MSA (GPIB), 192 input interface, 151 MS-DOS, 141 output interface, 152 MSI circuits, 76 270 SUBJECT INDEX MTA (GPIB), 192 OUT, 118, 136 Multifunction GPIB interface, Overdrive, comparator input, 84 Multimeter, 2 Overrun error, 217 Multiplying DACs, 90 Multiplexing, 156 Packages, integrated circuit, 8 Multiple byte interfaces, 162 PAD,85 Multivibrator, 86 Parallel conversion (ADC), 90 Murray code, 203 Parallel input/serial output shift register, 93 Parallel port, 120,182 NAND gate, 67 Parity, 202 NDAC, 189 error, 217 Negative logic, 66,187 Partial decoding, 120 Noise, PASCAL, 114 flicker, 24 PC, 110,125 Johnson, 23 address map, 127 shot, 23 display adaptors, 130 Non-inverting amplifier, 39 DOS, 140 Non-linearity errors (AID), 88 DOS interrupts, 141 Non-volatile memory, 102 expansion bus, 128 NORgate, 67 IEEE 488 cards, 195 NOT gate, 67 10 address map, 129 NMI, 117 graphics environments, 143 NRFD, 189 parallel port, 182 serial port, 212 Octal latch, 80 user port adaptor, 133 Offset voltage, 36,47 PC-DOS, 141 Offset nulling, 36,47 PEEK, 103 Open collector Pel, 132 GPIB drivers, 195 Peripherals, 108 TTL,70 Peripheral interface adaptor, 120 Open loop gain (op-amp), 34 PGA (IBM PC), 133 Operational amplifiers pH electrode, 5, 20 characteristics, 33,35 pHmeter, 5 instrumentation, 45 Phase 2 clock, 117 transconductance, 47 Photodiode, 11, 20 Operating system Photomultiplier, 11, 20 microcomputer, 115,140 PIA, 120 disk, 140 Piezo-electric crystal, 11, 20 Opto-isolators PIO, 120 switches, 152 PISO, 93 triacs, 152 Pixel, 104 OR gate, 65 Plotters, 108 OR operation, 100 POKE, 103 Oscillators Port, crystal, 78,103 serial (PC), 212 multivibrator, 86 parallel (PC), 182 SUBJECf INDEX 271 Port (contd.) RS232, 201 user-, adaptor (PC), 133 receiver, 219 Positive logic, 66 transmitter, 218 Potentiostat, 2 RS422, 201 Power transfer, 18 RS423 , 201 PPI, 135 RS449, 201 Precision rectifier, 53 RTS, 205 Pressure, 2 R/W, 117 Printers, 108 Professional Graphics Adaptor (PC), 133 Scanner, 109 Programmable peripheral interface, 135 Schottky TTL, 72 Programming languages, 112 Scintillation detection, 85 Pull-up resistors, 70 SCRs, 152 Pulse SCREEN command, 132 amplifiers, 57 Screen memory, 105 amplifier-discriminator, 85 Screening, 26 counter interface, 153 Secondary addressing (GPIB), 192 output interface, 154 Sense input interfaces, 151 rate generator, 79, 155,216 Sequential logic, 86 signals, 15 Serial communication, 201 trains, 155 Serial digital data, 92,202 Pyroelectric FET, 20 Serial input/ parallel output shift register, 94 Series source impedance, 17 Quantisation error (NO), 88 Shielding, 26 Query indirection operator, 103 Shift registers, QuickBASIC, 114, 115 parallel input/serial output, 93 serial input/parallel output, 94 Shot noise, 23 R-2R ladder (DAC), 89 Simplex, 206 Radioactivity, measurement of, 153 Signal types, 15 RAM,101, Signal transmission lines, 17 Random access memory, 101 Signal-ta-noise ratio, 29 Raster scanning, 104 Single slope integration, 92 Read-only memory, 101 SIPO, 94 Rectifier, 52 Sixteen bit micros, 110 precision, 53 Slew rate, 41 Refreshing (dynamic RAM), 102 Small scale integration, 69 Relays, 152 Small signal bandwidth, 41 REN (GPIB), 189 Software, 110, 112, 115, 140 Reset circuit, logic, 68 Solid state switches, 152 Resistance thennometer, 13 Source impedance, 17 RGB monitors, 107 SRQ, 189 RGBI monitors, 107 SSI, 69 Ripple counter, 76 Standard interface systems, 179, 186,201 RMS converters, 148 Standard TTL, 72 ROM, 101 Start bit, 202 272 SUBJECT INDEX Static RAM, 102 Turbo BASIC, 114,115 Stepping motors, 95, 154, 239, 242 Turbo Prolog, 114 Stop bits, 202,203,216 TV display, 104 Strain gauges, 13, 20,46 Switched output interfaces, UART,215 Successive approximation (ADCs), 92 UHF TV output, 104 Summing amplifier, 46 Unipolar pulses, 15 Synchronisation Unity gain amplifiers, 43 video signals, 104 UNL, 192 latching, 165 UNT, 192 Synchronous byte transfers, 116,170 User port, 120, SYS instruction, 113 System design, 225 Versatile interface adaptors, 120 VIA, 120 Talk address (GPIB), 192 Video Talker (GPIB), 188 adaptors for pc, 130 Teletype, 202 display, 103 Temperature, 2 monitor, 104,107 Tenninal, 204 signals, 104 Thennistor, 20 VMOS power FETs, 31 Thennocouple, 11, 20 Voltage Thennometer, 2, 7, 13 comparators, 82 Thennostat, 2 to-current conversion, 47 Threshold levels, 83 followers, 43 Time constants, 58 measurement, 20, 90 Time measurement, 165 Timer, 78, 165 Wavelength control, 2,242 Transconductance amplifier, 47 Winchester disk drives, 108 Transducers, Wire wrapping, 9 charge generating, 11 impedance, 12 XMODEM protocol, 222 Transducer connection, 16 XON/XOFF, 207 Transfer function (comparator), 82 Transmission lines, 17 YMODEM,223 Triacs, 152 Triangular wavefonn, 49 Zero error (AID), 88 Trigger inputs, 86 TRI-STATER logic, 80 188C system, 203 GPIB drivers, 195 20 rnA loop, 203 Truth tables, 66 4000 family, 73 TTL 54 family, 72 families, 72 74 family, 70, 72 logic levels, 69 ICMOS interfacing, 75