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Character Set Encoding Oracle9i Globalization Support Guide Release 1 (9.0.1) July 2001 Part No. A90236-02 Oracle9i Globalization Support Guide, Release 1 (9.0.1) Part No. A90236-02 Copyright © 1996, 2001 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Primary Author: Paul Lane Contributors: Cathy Baird, Winson Chu, Jessica Fan, Yu Gong, Claire Ho, Simon Law, Peter Linsley, Den Raphaely, Shige Takeda, Linus Tanaka, Makoto Tozawa, Barry Trute, Michael Yau, Hiro Yoshioka, Sergiusz Wolicki, Simon Wong Graphic Designer: Valarie Moore The Programs are not intended for use in any nuclear, aviation, mass transit, medical, or other inherently dangerous applications. It shall be the licensee’s responsibility to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy and other measures to ensure the safe use of such applications if the Programs are used for such purposes, and Oracle disclaims liability for any damages caused by such use of the Programs. The Programs (which include both the software and documentation) contain proprietary information of Oracle Corporation; they are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are also protected by copyright, patent, and other intellectual and industrial property laws. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of the Programs is prohibited. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the documentation, please report them to us in writing. Oracle Corporation does not warrant that this document is error free. Except as may be expressly permitted in your license agreement for these Programs, no part of these Programs may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Oracle Corporation. If the Programs are delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing or using the Programs on behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable: Restricted Rights Notice Programs delivered subject to the DOD FAR Supplement are "commercial computer software" and use, duplication, and disclosure of the Programs including documentation, shall be subject to the licensing restrictions set forth in the applicable Oracle license agreement. Otherwise, Programs delivered subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulations are "restricted computer software" and use, duplication, and disclosure of the Programs shall be subject to the restrictions in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights (June, 1987). Oracle Corporation, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, CA 94065. Oracle is a registered trademark, and Oracle9i, Enterprise Manager, Pro*COBOL, SQL*Forms, SQL*Plus, Oracle Call Interface, Oracle Forms, Oracle Net Services, PL/SQL, Pro*C, Pro*C/C++, and Trusted Oracle are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Contents Send Us Your Comments .................................................................................................................. xv Preface......................................................................................................................................................... xvii 1 Globalization Support Oracle Server Globalization Support Architecture...................................................................... 1-2 Locale-Independent Operation................................................................................................... 1-2 Multitier Architecture .................................................................................................................. 1-4 Unicode .......................................................................................................................................... 1-5 Globalization Support Features....................................................................................................... 1-5 Language Support ........................................................................................................................ 1-6 Territory Support.......................................................................................................................... 1-6 Date and Time Formats ............................................................................................................... 1-6 Monetary and Numeric Formats................................................................................................ 1-7 Calendars ....................................................................................................................................... 1-7 Linguistic Sorting.......................................................................................................................... 1-7 Character Set Support .................................................................................................................. 1-7 Customization............................................................................................................................... 1-8 2 Choosing a Character Set Character Set Encoding...................................................................................................................... 2-2 What is an Encoded Character Set? ........................................................................................... 2-2 Which Characters to Encode? ..................................................................................................... 2-3 How Many Languages Does a Character Set Support?.......................................................... 2-4 iii How are Characters Encoded?.................................................................................................... 2-8 Oracle's Naming Convention for Character Sets ................................................................... 2-10 Choosing an Oracle Database Character Set ............................................................................... 2-10 Interoperability with System Resources and Applications .................................................. 2-11 Character Set Conversion .......................................................................................................... 2-11 Database Schemas....................................................................................................................... 2-12 Performance Implications.......................................................................................................... 2-12 Restriction .................................................................................................................................... 2-12 Choosing an Oracle NCHAR Character Set............................................................................ 2-13 Restrictions on Character Sets Used to Express Names and Text ....................................... 2-13 Summary of Datatypes and Supported Encoding Schemes................................................. 2-15 Changing the Character Set After Database Creation........................................................... 2-15 Monolingual Database Scenario.................................................................................................... 2-16 Character Set Conversion .......................................................................................................... 2-16 Multilingual Database Scenarios................................................................................................... 2-18 Restricted Multilingual Support............................................................................................... 2-18 Unrestricted Multilingual Support........................................................................................... 2-19 3 Setting Up a Globalization Support Environment Setting NLS Parameters..................................................................................................................... 3-2 Choosing a Locale with the NLS_LANG Initialization Parameter ........................................... 3-4 Specifying NLS_LANG as an Environment Variable.............................................................. 3-6 NLS_LANG Examples ................................................................................................................. 3-6 Overriding Language and Territory Specifications................................................................. 3-6 NLS Database Parameters ........................................................................................................... 3-7 Checking NLS Parameters................................................................................................................. 3-7 NLS Views ..................................................................................................................................... 3-7 OCI Functions................................................................................................................................ 3-8 Language and Territory Parameters................................................................................................. 3-8 Date and Time Parameters .............................................................................................................. 3-14 Date Formats ............................................................................................................................... 3-14 Time Formats..............................................................................................................................
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