Asian Development Bank Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
TA NO.3583-THA Mae Moh Environmental Evaluation
Final Report Volume 2 - Appendices
April 2002
Checked in accordance with MWHHKL QP22
Project Director SUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 1 MAIN TEXT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION SECTION 2 PROJECT DATA SECTION 3 GENERAL METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH SECTION 4 MINING OPERATION SECTION 5 POWER PLANT OPERATIONS SECTION 6 AIR QUALITY SECTION 7 WATER QUALITY SECTION 8 NOISE AND VIBRATION SECTION 9 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTION 10 SOCIAL ISSUES SECTION 11 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS SECTION 12 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS VOLUME 2 APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1-1 ADB TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PA.PER APPENDIX 3- 1 PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAI SAL (PRA) & APPRECIATION INFLUENCE CONTROL (AIC) APPENDIX 3-2 DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMEN'TS APPENDIX 5-1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON POWER PLANT AIR POLLUTION CONTROL APPENDIX 5-2 DISCUSSIONS ON CONTINUOUS E,MISSION MONITORING APPENDIX 6-1 EGAT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA - SO2 APPENDIX 6-2 EGAT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA - NO2 APPENDIX 6-3 EGAT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA - PMlO APPENDIX 6-4 EGAT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA - TSP APPENDIX 6-5 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON APPENDIX 7-1 WATER QUALITY TABLES APPENDIX 7-2 SURFACE WATER QUALITY GRAPHS APPENDIX 8-1 NOISE MONITORING RESULTS APPENDIX 8-2 CURRENT PRACTICE AND STANDARDS: VIBRATION CONTROLS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY APPENDIX 8-3 MONTHLY VIBRATION REPORTS APPENDIX 10-1 DOCUMENTARY REVIEW OF PRE:VIOUS STUDIES ON SOCIAL ISSUES APPENDIX 10-2 FINDINGS ON SOCIAL lSSUES FROM IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL APPENDIX 10-3 NOTES OF INTERVIEWS WITH ECiAT ON THE WATER SUPPLY ISSUE APPENDIX 10-4 LIST OF PEOPLE INVITED AND PARTICIPATED IN THE NATIONAL FORUM ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATIO'N AT ROYAL ORCHID SHERATION HOTEL BANGKOK, 18 JANUARY 2002 APPENDIX 11-1 SCREENING ANALYSIS APPENDIX 11-2 STEPS IN BTM
@ MWH Final Report Page i MONTGOMERY WATSON WRZA List of Abhreviations
ADB Asian Development Bank AIC Appreciation influence control AMSL Above Mean Sea Level ar As received basis BCM Bank cubic metres BMR Bangkok Metropolitan Region bPd Barrels per day BTM Benefit transfer methods CClT Coininunity Consultation & Initiation Taskforce CEM Continuous emission monitoring EGAT Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ElRR Economic internal rate of return EOCC Economic opportunity cost of captial EU European Union FGD Flue gas desulphurisation FHH The Foundation of Hand in Hand GDP Gross Domestic Product GSP Gas Separation Plant Gwh G igawatt-hour Gwhld Gigawatt-hour per day Ktoe Kilotonnes of oil equivalent Kwh Kilowatt-hour LCM Loose cubic metres LPG Liquified Petroleum Gas MMscfd Million standard cubic feet per day MSL Mean Sea Level NDIR Non-dispersive infra-red NESDB National Economic and Social Development Board NFF Northern Farmers’ Federation NG Natural Gas NGO Non-governmental organisations NPV Net present worth NSE Net specific energy ONESDB Office of the National Economic and Social Development of the Thai Government PCD Pollution Control Department PECP The Party of Environmental Conservation People PMlO Particulate matter not greater than 10 microns in diameter PR Public relations PRA Participatory rural appraisal SAO Sub-district adininistration organisations TA Technical assistance TOR Terms of reference TSP Total Suspended Particulate us United States USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency uv Ultra-violet WHO World Health Organisation APPENDIX 1-1 ABD TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PAPER
APPENDIX 1-1 ADB TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PAPER
@ MWH Final Report Page Al-1-1 MONTOOMEWWATSONH*IV1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION
1. Background
I. The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand has requested the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to provide advisory technical assistance (TA) for the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) to address the environmental concerns related to the Mae Moh power plant and mine. EGAT, through the Ministry of Finance, submitted a TA proposal to AD6 for the Mae Moh environmental evaluation. The' TA Fact-Finding Mission visited Thailand from 19 to 28 September 2009 to formulate the TA in consultation with the Government and EGAT. The Mission reached an understanding with the Government and EGAT on the objectives, scope, cost estimates, implementation arrangements, and terms of reference (TOR) for the consultants of the TA.' The TA is included in ADB's country assistance plan for Thailand for the year 2000.
2. EGAT has constructed 13 power generating units with a total installed capacity of about 2,600 megawatt (MW) at Mae Moh, about 600 kilometers north of Bangkok. The Mae Moh power plant was 'built in four phases from 1978 to 1996. Units 1 to 3 with a total installed capacity of 225 MW (75 MW each) were completed in 1978, 1979, and 198 1,2'while units 4 to 7 with an installed capacity of 600 MW (150 MW each) were completed between 1984 and 1985.3 In the third phase, from 1989 to 1991, EGAT built units 8 to 11 with an installed capacity of 1,200 MW (300 MW each). These units were partly financed by ADB4 fogether with the transmission system formits 10 and 11. Unit$ 12 and 13, with an installed capacity of 600 MW (300 MW each) were completed in 1995 and 1996. In connection with this last phase, AD6 helped to finance the power transmission sector projects with EGAT.' "Together with the construction of the power plants, €GAT developed the Mae Moh mine to provide the power plants with lignite, which is the main fuel used in the Mae Moh power plant.
3; Thus,' AD6 has been involved in the Mae Moh power projects directly and indirectly since 1972. The Swiss Government was among the other cofinanciers of the power projects. Since the completion of the first unit in 1978, the Mae Moh power station has been one of EGATs most impoftant-power plants, meeting average about 18 percent of the whole country's demand.
4. Even though environmental protection and mitigation measures were taken during the construction of each phase and in owrations thereafter, the Mae Moh power station, induding the Mae Moh mine, has caused environmental and social problems. Therefore several studies to comct or improve the situation were carried out, and some remedial measures were taken. From 1992 to 1994, the Mae Moh Clean Air Study, sponsored by the Swiss Government, was carried out, addressing environmental issues regarding air emissions and establishing an emission mitigation program for the Mae Moh power station. In 1994, EGAT funded an analysis of sulfur dioxide (SO,) air quality standards for the Mae Moh power plant. From late' 1992 to , 1994, a study of Mae Moh valley's air pollution, sponsored by the United States Agency for
' The TA first appeared in A08 Business Opportunities (internet eddition) on 13 September 2000. Financed by ADB, Loan 113-THA: MeMoh Power, for $23 millkn. approved on 12 December 1972 and Loan 219-THA: Me8 AM Power (Suppbmenteryl for $15 ml#kn,approved on 17 April 1975. Unit 4 was also financed by &2B under Loan 44O-THA: Mas Moh (Unit 4) Power, for $81.8 mlllkn, approved on 14 December 1979. ' Loan 717-THA Mae Moh (Unit 8) Power, for $122.6 million, approved on 11 December 1984; Loan 828-TM Mee Moh (Unit 9) Power, for $38.4 million, approved on 23 December 1986; and Loan 1022-THA: Mae Moh (transmission system lar Units 10 and 11) Powr, for $48.8 rnlNkn, approved 5 June 1990. Loan 1170-THA: 7?tid Power Transmissitm Expension (Sectw),for $94.25 million, approved on 16 July 1992; and Loan 1245THA: Fourth Power Transrnisdm (Sector), for $115.6 million, approved on 19 August 1993. 2
International Development (USAID) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was also carried out with the support of the Pollution Control Department, the Ministry of science, Technology and Environment. As a consequence of the above studies, units 12 and 13 were designed and constructed with the flue gas desulfurisation (FGD) system. Units 8 to 11 were retrofitted with FGD systems from 1995 to 1998. FGD systems have been installed and recently commissioned for units 4 to 7. Ongoing performance tests of the FGD systems for units 4 to 7 will be completed by October 2001. Units 1 to 3 have been temporarily shut down for the last one year because of a high fuel consumption and the economic unviability of FGD retrofitting.
5. After the FGD systems were installed and units 1 to 3 temporarily shut down, the SO2 emission levels decreased substantially. Nevertheless, the environmental and social concerns Over the power plant and mine operations have remained. Local and international newspapers have reported on .the adverse impacts, and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) and villagers living nearby have expressed their concerns about the environmental and social problems from time to time. The concerns center on the huge amount and low quality of the lignite burned, the open-cast mining of the lignite, the huge amount of water resources used and wastewater treated, matters relating to ash disposal, and several air pollution episodes that had occurred in the past. The environmental and social concerns will continue unless remedial measures are taken based on a thorough study of the problems. Therefore, it is imperative for the Government and EGAT to have such a comprehensive study carried out by a team of experts to determine how to resolve the problems. AD6 and the other cofinanciers of the Mae Moh projects are keen to help solve the environmental and social problems caused by the projects.
6. The primary causes of concern for air quality are the SOz, nitrogen oxide (NOx), and total suspended particulate (TSP) matter produced from lignite combustion and mine operation. In October 1992 and August 1998, levels from the Mae Moh power plant exceeded the national standard of 1,3 s per cubic meter (m3) over a one- hour period. After the installation of the FGD systems, air quality in the Mae Moh valley has improved substantially. However, people from the nearby villages are still concerned about a possible recurrence of serious air pollution and the potential health problems associated with environmental hazards.
7. In October 1995, EGAT commissioned a study on Health Effect of Ambient Air Pollution Exposure in the Mae Moh District from the College of Public Health, Chulalongkom University. EGAT has vigorously pursued environmental health matters with the advice of a consulting team from the university. The consulting team will collect crucial technical data this winter (2000/2001), the first winter after the complete installation of the FGD systems. The study is to be completed by September 2001. EGAT assured the Fact-Finding Mission that the university team will provide the information and data on environmental health issues to the consultants to be engaged under the TA.
8. Taking the environmental and social issues on the Mae Moh power plant and mine seriously, the Government and EGAT are determined to fully resolve the problems. The Government has adopted environmental protection and mitigation measures as one of the four major energy policies of the country. In this context, the Government and EGAT consider the TA important and timely. ADB, as the major cofinancier of the Mae hnoh power projects, is concerned about the environmental and social problems associated with the power station and
' The National Environment Board has strengthened the standard for the Mae Moh area b 780 rnicrogram/m3 as of July 2000. 3
mine. The TA will greatly contribute to a fundamental resolution of the Mae Moh environmental and social problems.
9. The people living in nearby villages such as Huaipet and Soppad are generally poor. The poor were seriously affectd by the October 1992 and August 19W incidents of high SOz emission levels and many of them were hospitalized.and treated with the full support of EGAT. The village people were Satisfied with EGATs arrangements at that time, but they wony that such incidents could recur. EGAT has installed the FGD systems in an effort to prevent any further air pollution, but is prepared to provide for the affected people, particularly the poor, in case such an incident recurs. During TA implementation, health and other social issues affecting poor people will be thoroughly addressed, and specific recommendations will be made to help the poor in nearby villages.
10. In spite of the environmental and social studies conducted and remedial measures taken, negative perceptions of the Mae Moh power plant and mine persist among sections of the public, the affected people, NGOs, and the mass media. EGAT has made significant efforts to change such perceptions, but without much success..After the recent FGD installation, however, EGAT is confident that the Mae Moh power plant and mine will not adversely affect the environment of Mae Moh District or northern Thailand. EGAT is therefore prepared to present the actual situation, supported by technical data to the public and to consider suggestions from 'the public for further environmental and social improvements. The Government and EGAT are fully committed to improving the environmental and social situation by implementing further remedial measures to be recommended by a well qualified team of experts. Therefore a comprehensive study to help bring .about further environmental improvement and transparent public consultatipn is imperative at this stage. The TA is designed to meet this need.
II. The Technical Assistance
A. Objective
11. The overriding objective of the TA is to clearly identify and thoroughly analyze the environmental and social problems caused by the Mae Moh power projects, including the development of the Mae Moh mine and recommend the most effective remedial measures and implementation plan for a fundamental resoluuon of the problems. To achieve .this objective, the TA will (i) provide a thorough analysis of the environmental impacts from the Mae Moh power plant and mine; (ii) identify and analyze the existing and/or reported environmental and social problems; (M) evaluate the effectiveness of previous remedial measures; (iv) formulate and recommend remedial measures with relevant cost estimates to fundamentally resolve the problems; (v) recommend the most effedive implementation plan far the recommended measures on a short-, medium-, and long-term basis, and a monitoring program thebafter, (vi) disseminate the TA's major findings, recommendations, and implementatbn plan to the people concerned, including the residents of the nearby villages; and (vii) ensure the involvement of the concerned NGOs and the local and provindal administrations in the monitoring program.
B. Scope 12. The.soope of the TA will indude the following activities: (i) review and analysis of the existing environmental reports and records with an emphasis on the prevailing environmental and social concerns; (ii) site visits @the power plants, mining areas, and ash disposal areas; the affected rivers, reservoirs, and ponds; and nearby villages and communltiesto inspect the 4
prevailing situation and collect information and data as necessary; (iii) identification of the problems and compilation of all environmental and social concerns, including socioeconomic . consequences and public health concerns; (iv) organization of local and national fwms and small focus group meetings to (a) solicit comments on the environmental and social concerns of the public (especially the affected people), the local.administration, and NGOs; (b) disseminate the study results and recommendations to those concerned; (v) formulation of the most effective remedial measures and costs; (vi) recommendation of the most effective implementation schedule and monitoring plan to ensure sustainable and acceptable environmental standards such as the International Standards Organization's lSOl4000, with the implementation schedule to include a timebound action plan with. corresponding budgetdinvestment plans; and (vii) translation of the major reports into the Thai language before they are made available for the public. 5
TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONSULTANTS
A. Introduction
1. A team of seven consultants consisting of an environmental assessment expert and team leader, an environmental engineer and deputy team leader, an environment economist, a power engineer, a water biologistcumhydrogeologist, a mining specialist, and a social-cum- public participation specialist will carry out the work under the technical assistance (TA). A consulting firm will be engaged in accordance with Asian Development Bank (ADB) Guidelines on the Use of Consuifants and other arrangements satisfactory to ADB for the engagement of domestic consultants. The consulting firm will be responsible for forming the team, which will consist of international and domestic experts. The environmental assessment expert and team leader, the environmental engineer and deputy team leader, the power engineer, and the environment economist will be international consultants and the others will be domestic consultants. The consulting firm is required to have extensive experience in environmental evaluation of lignite/coal based large-scale thermal power plant and mine development. The team leader and deputy team leader should have more than 15 years experience in environmental evaluation with specialization in lignite/coal based thermal power plants. The other experts will have more than 10 years relevant experience.
2. A representative of the Chulalongkorn University team, which has been carrying out an environmental health study in Mae Moh District since 1995, will officially join the TA consultants . as an environmental health specialist. The representative will be paid actual travel expenses and per diem but no fees. A few specialists, such as a legal expert and other specialists who might have been involved in a previous environmental evaluation of the Mae Moh power station and mine, may be recruitedlinvited as individual experts or resource persons by the team leader in consultation with ADB. These resource persons will be reimbursed on an actual cost basis, but will not be paid a fee.
3, After completing these fieldwork, the consultants will submit the final report to ADB, with copies to the Government, the Lampang Provincial Administration, and Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT). The report will include specific recommendations to resolve the environmental and social problems. The report will include an implementation plan, with the associated cost estimates, and a detailed monitoring program. The implementation plan will include a time-bound action plan with corresponding budgetlinveswent plans. *The monitoring program will provide for the involvement of nongovemment organizations (NGOs) and the local and provincial administrations. The consulting team is expected to complete the fieldwork in about seven.months and submit the final report about two months after that. During TA implementation, the TA consultants will organize two forums in Thailand, one at the local level and the other at the national level, and several local focus group meetings. B. SpecMc Terms of Reference
4. Each expert will work closely with other team members under the general guidance of I the team leader. Each expert will prepare his or her own reports and submit them to the team leader on time. 6
1. Environmental Assessment &pert and Team Leader (6 person-months, international)
5. The consultant's tasks will include
(i) preparing a detailed work plan and coordinating and supervising the work with each team member;
(ii) assessing the overall environmental and social impacts of the Mae Moh power projects, including Mae Moh mine development;
(iii) evaluating the environmental and social problems caused by the Mae Moh power projects and mine development;
(iv) in cooperation with other team members, evaluating the remedial measures already taken:
(v) recruiting/inviting individual specialists needed for the TA work in consultation with ADB and EGAT, and assigning their work with specific terms of reference;
(vi) organizing two forums during TA implementation in consultation with ADB and EGAT;
(vii) coordinating all administrative work with ADB, the Government, and EGAT, including preparation and submission of the.reports to ADB, with copies to the Government and EGAT; and
(viii) other environmental assessment work not specifically assigned to other team members.
2. Environmental Engineer (3 person-months, international)
6. The consultant's tasks will indude
(i) assessing technologies, facilities, operations, and present status of emission control systems, including problems associated with flue gas, dust, noise, spontaneous combustion, vibration from blasting, wastewater, solid waste and residue processing and handling; and identify deficiencies, if any;
(ii) reviewing and assessing the limestone supply situation;
(iii) reviewing and assessing, in consultation with the power engineer and the mining specialist, ash and gypsum handling, processing, transfer, and disposal systems;
(iv) reviewing and assessing, in consultation with the water biologistam- hydrogealogisf, waste water and liquid waste handling, treatment, and disposal;
(v) . reviewing and assessing site, soil, and surface and groundwater protection measures and implementation; 7
(vi) identifying and evaluating remedial and improvement options in cooperation with . other team members; and
(vii) contributing to the fornulation of the implementation plan, with cost estimates. 3. Power Engineer (1 penon-month, international)
7. The consultant's tasks will include (i) comparing the plant equipment and facilities against the latest available technology and analyzing major reasons for the air, hoise, and other pollution from power plant operations;
(ii) identifying any technical problems related to plant operations and maintenance, and any defects or problems in the process of power generation, compared with the latest similar power plants;
(iii) identifying any design defects or deficiency of the power plant facilities; (iv) recommending most effective measures to enhance efficiency and reduce pollution problems, without sacrificing efficiency;
(v) making cost estimates for the recornmended measures; and
(vi) any other work related to plant engineering assigned by the team leader. 4. Environment Economist (1 person-month, international)
8. The consultant's task will include
(i) analyzing all the recommended measures from the viewpoint of environment economy in close consultation with other team members. In hidher economic evaluation..process, it is suggested that the environment economist use the Economic Valuation of Environmental Impacts: A DB's Workbook and Guidelines for the Economic Analysis of.Prqjeds (Appendix 24);
(ii) presenting a cost-effectiveness analysis for the recommended measures;
(iii) assessing the short-term and long-term effects of the recommended measures;
(iv) assessing the economic impacts on the workers of the perplant and of the population living within the area of economic influence of the plant;
(v) providing support to the team leader and other experts in establishing a financial investment plan for the implementation of the actions and measures to be taken;
(vi) comparing the economic and financial cost implications of different strategy measures in difFerent scenarios; 8
(vii) reviewing the original environmental impact assessment with the team leader and environmental engineer. to compare differences in findings and analysis that may arise from the study;
(viii) carrying out monetary valuation, whenever possible, of the various environmental and social externalities and specific cost-benefit analysis in comparison with a scenario without changes; and
(ix) , any other work related to environment economics assigned by the team leader. 5. Water Biologistlcum-Hydrogeologist (3 person-months, domestic)
9. The consultant's tasks will include
(i) examining all the water-related matters such as water consumption, wastewater treatment, and treated water reuse and water pollution mused by the lignite
' mining activities;
(ii) analyzing the effects on water of lhe Mae Moh power projects and mine development such as any potential or actual contamination of surface and groundwater;
(iii) studying surface 'water resource management and conservation, and matters related to groundwater conservation and utilization;
(iv) examining any problem areas relating to natural habitats and ecology affected by the Mae Moh power plant and mine, with assistance from an ecologist if needed;
(v) recommending mitigation measures to prevent surface and groundwater contamination, and reviewing and recommending the groundwater and surface water quality monitoring system;
(vi) examining long-term monitoring data of selected parameters and assessing possible trends, with particular emphasis on dissolved oxygen, temperature, sulfate, chloride, turbidity, heavy. metals, and electrical conductivity;
(vii) examining and assessing trends of indicators of bacteriological, viral and other pathogen contamination in ground and surface water
(viii) examining and assessing the adequacy of the sedimentation ponds; and '.
(ix) examining and assessing recycling options for treated' and conditioned wastewater and recommending environmentally compatible muse or disposal of the treated water.
6. Mining Specialist (3 person-months, domestic)
10. . The consultant's tasks will include
(i) reviewing and assessing strategy for environmentally acceptable mining; 9
reviewing and assessing fuel supply, handling and processing, fuel storage and blending, and variation of properties and respective impact on plant performance, in cooperation with power and environmental engineers;
reviewing and assessing the mining operation, and equipment used; and identifying deficiencies, if any;
reviewing and assessing ongoing environmental impact mitigation practice and measures, land use, erosion control, and plans for re-cultivation;
establishing and evaluating remedial and improvement options in cooperation with other team members; and
contributing to the formulation of the implementation plan, with cost estimates.
Sociallcurn-Public Participation Specialist (3 person-months, domestic)
17. The consultant’s tasks will include ’
analyzing all socioeconomic problems resulting from the Mae Moh power and mine projects;
identifying positive and negative socioeconomic impacts of the Mae Moh power and mine projects;
planning, guiding, and conducting formal and informal consultation with the public, particularly the affecled people, the provincial administration, and NGOs, and promoting public participation in the TA study; playing a key role in organizing and conducting the local .and national forums and local focus group meetings;
evaluating and assessing the effectiveness of the public relations team of the Mae Moh power plant in establishing appropriate links with local and neighboring populations and the representatiyas of local communities‘;
evaluating and assessing the effectiveness of NGOs in consulting with the local people; recommending measu.res to mitigate the negative social impacts and implementation plans for further social improvement; and any other work related to social issues assigned by the team leader. ’
C. Reporting Requirements
12. The consultants will submit the following reports to ADB, with copies to EGAT and the Government draft inception report4uring the ineeption meeting, inception report4thin a week after the inception meeting, midterm report-two we@s before the localllevel forum, draft final report-two weeks before the national-ievel forum, and final report-one month from the national forum. APPENDIX 3-1 PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA)& APPRECIATION INFLUENCE CONTROL (AIC)
APPENDIX 3-1 PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA) & APPRECIATION INFLUENCE CONTROL (AIC)
@ MWH Final Repart Page A3-1-I M0”ERYWATSONHlR APPENDIX 3-1 PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA) dk APPRECIATION INFLUENCE CONTROL (AIC)
A Training Manual
for the ADB’s Social Data Collection Team and
the Community Consultation and Initiation Team
By Assoc. Prof. Dr. Anurak Panyanuwal:
Faculty of Education,
Chiang Mai University.
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Introduction
There have been concerns on the environmental and land use in Mae Moh. A number of conflicts between the people and government officials and among the people themselves have occurred. NGOs became involved in the Mae Moh issues. Many community development projects, which have been initiated by government officials or non-government agencies from various fields of development, are often ignored and may not be accepted by the owners of the target communities. Some projects have even been protested against by the people, though, and some by the outside initiators who believe that they could represent those communities better.
For improvement of quality of living, condition of the ecological environment, as well as those for future generations, an action plan has to be developed through a process of participation of the people with a high degree of thought and/or physical involvement, rational decision making, and commitments.
This training manual was produced with an aim to provide the ADB social data collection team members, particularly, the community consultation and initiation team with the techniques of participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and appreciation influence control (AIC). It also aims to learn how to work with the villagers in identifjring and analyzing their existing current socioeconomic problems and situations, and the anticipated conditions in the feasible future. The members and villagers should then analyse their own needs under different situations. This manual provides the guideline on “how to run a PRA and AIC techniques” within the sociocultural context of Mae Moh district people.
This training manual will be useful to ensure that information can be obtained in an independent, objective, positive and constructive manner. This manual is not intended to be rigid, in that commonsense must be always exercised. Without any promise in advance from the members of the social data collection team is highly recommended to be an iron rule for this PRA practice in Mae Moh.
Assoc.Prof. Dr.Anurak Panyanuwat Social Specialist ADB’s Mae Moh Environmental Review Project (TA 3583-THA) June 10,2001
@ MWH Final Report Page A3-1-3 MONTGOMERYWATSONHARU APPENDIX 3-1 PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA) & APPRECJATION INFLUENCE CONTROL (AIC)
Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)
What is PRA
Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) is another alternative method for rural community studies for any scholar and development workers. This method intends to promote people participation and the application of indigenous knowledge and local wisdom in identifying the rural problem and needs, which are rather complex and delicate. Outsiders may normally go to a rural village with a high degree of self-confidence to help the villagers without learning their needs and real problems within a given period of time. Those outsiders may go back to their office with disappointment that the villagers did not give them much attention on what he or she would wish to help. Finally, both the villagers and outside conununity development workers may not be able to solicit the cooperation of the villages in working within their concept and framework.
At the earlier stage, the term “RRA” or rapid rural appraisal was used, This referred to an action wherein an outsider went to rural villages, gathered data from the villagers and then processed this data away fiom the villages in a way that the outsiders thought to be suitable and good for the villagers. RRA may be useful in various fields that may need an active and immediate treatment fiom specialists such as medical animal husbandry, farming decease, environmental problems resulting from and impacts of some infrastructure development projects.
Now, a participatory approach to rural development may need someone independent to go to the target rural Cillage to gather d3ta through a participatory learning process with the villagers, A word like learner, catalyst, or facilitator may be appropriate to call such outsider in that manner. PRA expects people to enable villagers, as staged by Robert Chambers (Social Research Institute, 1992:l) as that “to do their own investigations, to share their knowledge and teach us, to do analysis and presentations, to plan, and to own the outcome. PM has been described as a growing family of approaches and methods to enable local people to share, enhance and analyze their knowledge ,of life and conditions, to plan and to act. ”
Some approaches and methods
Some approaches and methods have been suggested by Chambers (op cit.: 9-15) as follows: 1. Offset the anti-poverty biases of rclral development tourism (spatial, project, person, seasonal); 2. Find and review secondary data; 3. Observe directly (see for yourself); 4. Do-it-yourself, supervised and taught by them; 5. Find key informants; 6. Semi-structured interviewing; 7. Group interviews;
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8. Sequence or chains of interviews from group to key informant, to other informants; 9. They do it; 10. Participatory mapping and modeling; 11. Transact walks --- systematically walking with key informants through an area, observing, asking, listening, discussing, identifying different zones,. ..seeking problems, solutions, opportunities, and mapping.. .; 12. Time line: a major history of major events in a village or community with approximate dates. .. ; 13. Local histories; 14. Seasonal diagramming; 15. Livelihood analysis; 16. Well-being or wealth ranking; 17. Scoring and ranking; 18. Local indicators, e.g. what are poor people’s criteria of well-being, and how they differ from those we assume for them? 19. Key probes: questions which can lead direct to key issues; 20. Case studies and stories; 21. Team contracts and interactions; 22. Shared presentations and analysis, where maps, models, diagrams, and findings are presented by villagers and outsiders; 23. Contrast comparisons --- asking group A why group B is different or does something different; 24. Short questionnaires;--- not long questionnaires, and not early in the process, unless for a sharpened narrow purpose; 25. Immediate report writing;
Practical Tips
The social data collection team members should be aware of the following matters: 1. No lecture, no interruption, and no domination, but listening and learning; 2. Spend nights in villages as many as possible; 3. Embrace error --- every one can do wrong, try again; 4. Ask yourself who, where, when, what, and why? 5. Relax, don’t rush; 6. Every one is sensitive to questions and dialogues, joking may be appropriate to reduce any emerging serious conditions while discussing, but somehow, it may stir some irritating emotions as caused by historical and affecting issues;
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7. Coordinating with local authority and relating sub-district administration organizations’ members.
The Core of Area
Chambers (op. cit. : 7) suggested to new PRA practitioners that there should be some more awareness in applying PRA: 1. Facilitating: PRA is the way to empower and enable the villagers to do more or all of the investigation, mapping, modeling, diagramming, ranking, scoring, quantification, analysis, presentation, and planning by themselves. They should be enabled to share and own the outcome of what they have done. “Analysis by them, shared with us”. 2. Our behaviour and attitudes: The outsiders should ask the villagers to teach us, respect them, and be confident that they can do it. 3. A culture of sharing of information, methods, food, field experiences (between any sectors involved). 4. Critical self-awareness about the outsiders’ attitudes and behaviours; doubt; embracing from error; continuously ’trying to do better; building learning and improvement into every experience.
The Training Procedure
The following references are recommended by the social specialist of this Mae Moh evaluation project mission for the training participants to study carefully. There is no need to follow exactly what have been guided in the books, but the participants should analyze the concepts and methodologies suggested within those documents. Those books are: 1. Social Research Institute, Chiang Mai University (1992) Relaxed and Participatory Rurai Apprabal NoteA: on Practical Approaches and Methods Notes for Participants in the Worksho:p Held in Chiang Mai on November 19-20, 1992 by Robert Chambers. Chiang Mai: Social Research Institute. 2. Panyanuwat Anurak (1997) Main Rtport on Evaluation of the Workshop on Mae-Taeng Watershed Network, Chiang Mai, Thailand November 24-2 7, 1997. Chiang Mai: Royal Forest Department. 3. Panyanuwat Anurak. et al. (1998) A Participatory Action Research on the Drug Sellers’ Capability in the Drug Store (Type 2). Bangkok: The Food and Drug Commission Office, Ministry of Public: Health. 4. Panyanuwat Anurak et al. (1999) Designing the Research Proposal in Social Sciences and Humanities Chiang MA : Social Research Institute, Chiang Mai University. 5. Asian Development Bank (ADB) (January 1994) Framework and Criteria for the Appraisal and Socioeconomic Justification of Education Projects Economics and Development Resource Center, Infiastructure Department, ADB
Final Replxt Page A3- 1-6 APPENDIX 3-1 PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA) & APPRECIATION INFLUENCE CONTROL (AIC)
6. Asian Development Bank (ADB) (May 1994) Handbook for Incorporation of Social Dimensions in Projects Social Dimensions Unit, ADB 7. Asian Development Bank (ADB) (1998) Women in Thailand :ADB country Briefing Paper Programs Development West and Office of Environment and Social Development, ADB 8. Asian Development Bank (ADB) (2000) Handbook for Poverty and Social Analysis SOCD/SPPR, ADB. 9. Researches and Documents relating to Mae Moh villages and EGAT power plants and mine. 10. Mae Moh District Community Development Ofice (2001) Basic Needs of the Villages in Mae Moh District (Kor Chor Chor 2 Kor - 2)Mae Moh, Lampang: CD Office.
The trainer will discuss with the participants on the main PF2A issues of Chambers’ ideas, ADB concepts, background of Mae Moh Power Plant and Mine projects, and model of each research data collection methods in a basis of PRA, AIC, and participatory action research (PAR).
A design of data collection instruments and methods by the use of AIC and PRA will be mutually conducted by the participants. Such instruments may be as follows: 1. PRA items for collecting data on socioeconomic situation, both current and expected, of the following issues: 2. The status quo of the paddy productiodfruit production, inland fishery and others; 2.1 problems resulting from and impacts of the Mae Moh power plant and mine project, and environmental impacts; 2.2 previous remedial measures provided by EGAT, government, and NGOs in community and life quality improvement; 2.3 related items leading to enable the villagers to build up their scenario of the life quality improvement, and mitigation of negative socioeconomic and environmental impacts on their own villages and broader community. 3. A set of interview guide to collect information from key informants at the village level (gender, age, social status, main occupation, residence, period of staying in the area, rating impacts on the community, opinions and comments); 4. A set of Interview guide for conducting focus group discussions in the sampling village with 9 items: 4.1 The community situation prior to the establishment of EGAT power plant and mine project; 4.2 Socioeconomic and environmental changes since such establishment; 4.3 Perception of the importance of the Power Plant and Mine in the area; 4.4 Effects of the Power Plant and Mine on the villagers’ life;
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4.5 Prioritization of the areas affected by the Power Plant and Mine; 4.6 Appropriate measures and plans that the Power Plant and Mine or people should do to help each other; 4.7 Resettlement and its necessity; 4.8 Satisfactory conditions required by the villagers - move or stay; and 4.9 Some open-ended questions.
Possibly, a set of questionnaires, interviewing formats with interviewing items, and data collection formats and tables may be drafted by the trainer as a preparation for mutual' design among the training participants and trainer, and as a practical work of PRA in action.
Then, some villages of the target areas will be selected for field work. Afterwards, all participants, trainer, and other ADB's experts should come together for further discussion and data collection method redesigning, if necessary.
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Technique of Appreciation Influence Control (AIC)
The social specialist as the trainer for this purpose will use two case studies in this training session. Then, the training procedures will be conducted as follows:
Case Study 1:
A Participatory Action Research (PAR) on a study of the capability development of drug sellers (Type 2) in Chiang Mai and Lamphun Provinces during 1997-1998. This case was concerned with an initiation of drug sellers and drugstore owners to be aware of safety in selling drugs to rural customers and patients. This project led to a self-development program designed by the participants with a high degree of participation from drugstore owners, sellers, public health officers and university academic personnel. It was a joint venture between potential stakeholders.
Case Study 2:
The Workshop on Mae-Taeng Community Watershed Network, Chiang Mai: the First Part. (Training of Trainers) The first part of the workshop, known as training of trainers, was conducted by the Chiang Mai University training team during November 24-25, 1997 at Chiang Mai Watershed Development Office’s meeting room. The trainees were composed of 60 hill tribe people and 7 watershed management units’ stdf.
The following procedures will be conducted among the trainer and participants in the present assignment and may be used as appropriate.
The trainer staff requested all participants to introduce themselves individually. Then, the trainer will make presentation, using transparencies and power-point program’s slides, on the resource management of Thailand as the big current issue. This issue could not be operated alone, but would need a number of sequential steps in managing the information and their sources as follows:
1. Data survey. 2. Planning. 3. Operating. 4. Follow-up and evaluation.
1. Data survey.
The trainer will give a lecture that there were a number of ways to conduct surveys such as a rough survey (without any accuracy), using secondary sources of information (not directing to needs), questionnaires, in-depth study, rapid rural appraisal (RRA), participatory rural appraisal (PRA), and appreciation influence control (AIC).
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11. Planning problems.
There was insufficient information for planning, inaccuracy, and also planning problems.
12. Operational problems.
Those data collection technique may hwe little participation form villagers, no efficient results, and degraded the information and their sources.
Therefore, AIC was introduced by the trainer as an appropriate technique to correct some weaknesses of such operation, because it gained sufficient information at every sequential step of management. It covm the process of survey, planning, and operation, and particularly, generating effective participation from the people involved.
The aims of AIC were to involve the community to participate in identifying its problems with pride. It will make use of the capability of groups in analysing, prioritising of needs and planning to conduct activities to solve their problems. AIC stands for:
A = Appreciation means perception and admiration (with opening ears, eyes and mind), acceptance of other people’s attitudes for learning new things.
I = Influence means a tendency to persuade other people to agree with, bargain, exchange, select and set priority oni the issues being discussed or considered.
C = Control means a way to make decision, control over, and direct to the results as intended.
The advantages of AIC will be introduced by the trainers as follows:
1. It gives every one an opportunity 1.0 participate in, with an operator’s roles, problem identification, set priority, and define the appropriate ways to solve the common problems with a systematic circle understandingly.
2. It takes only two days.
3. It helps gaining various kinds of information, covering both the problems and understanding of the community context.
4. It does not take advantage from the community, because it helps training the community to think systematically with participatory planning.
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Table 1: Activities, objectives and materials applied in the PRA and AIC training course.
Activities Objectives Materials NumberActivity I 1. Get acquaintance and knowledge of PRA & AIC Everyone wrote expectation To know the individual 6x2.5 inches cut from this workshop participant’s expectation paper with more participation number than that of participants To set rules for every Same as above papers, then, stick them on participant to follow during the paper sheets, read by trainers workshop to find agreement from them 4 Open mind (like, dislike) To get acquaintance and I Heart shape cut (want to dohot to do) adjustment 1 paper with four rooms 5 1. Look at twisted picture To learn about different I - 2. Draw strange animal/giant interpretations on different pictures dimensions and individual understanding 6 Discussing about community Encourage the participants to in the past speak out their community participation and development 7 Talking about the current Encourage them to express their A4 size paper situations/problems of ideas freely with pen community by drawing pictures as they perceived by themselves 8 Group division by Divide groups and adjust to the Pieces of paper randomisation by familiar ones they are not familiar with with names for names (flowers, animals) selection 9 Participants present their Create sense of awareness of A proof paper groups’ results, then, integrate group, and listen to others with pen to be a single picture in the meeting 10 Games with usefulness Building imagination, team Towels, pipes work, work within time
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Activities Objectives I Materials 11 Develop a scenario of the Same Proof paper. Mae-Tang river situation in Sesame seeds, the future (as a case study) beans, small rocks, paper 12 Think of the barriers to their Focus discussion and brain- Proof paper and dreams storming Pen 13 Games of usefulness Planning, consulting, imagine, 1 Used labow division, making use of newspaper for resources one group 14 String games: Mutual planning, group 10 strings Rule: planning before playing discussion, creating, with 10 string representing, accepting, forgiving, speeding, time Goals: make a longest line, administering, work for goal strong by 2-3 group’s representatives . 15 Group thinking, lessen 10 Exchange of opinions, Proof paper and problems into 5 with reasons. accepting one another. Pen Note: If it is the night activity, lessen the problems to 3 items. DAY 2 SESSION 2 16 Form single big group with Awakening and make more Sticks, bottles, games, songs, recreation. friends drums etc. 17 Experience learning by Reviewing understanding of Proof paper and thinking back about activities training sequences, begin to Pen on Day 1, objectives (groups think together may select some participants to present) Group thinking, then, cut Reviewing understanding Same down 5 problems into 3 and present to the big group Games of sending paper ball Change atmosphere, reflex Same on rhythm and songs self-esteem, follow rules, devoting, speeding Cut down 3 proble~sinto 1 or 2 by groups in order to set plans and projects with rules and meanings, urgency, feasibility, and self-managed.
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Activity Activities 0bj ectives Materials Number 21
22 Mutual help in planing within Proof paper and groups to get plans and Pen projects. 23 Presentation of group plan Presenting of projects and and project to the big group plans initiated by groups for (Concerned persons should fiuther recommendation take note for reporting/presentation 24 Participants sit in circle, relax To measure their understanding -Heart-shape and write to express their and applicability of PAR and Paper feelings and attitudes toward AIC techniques. Comment will Bloom workshop/activities, then, made by the trainer and write in a heart-shape paper participants. Masking-tape stick on bloom’s stick To relax and to promise that they will work together continuously 25 Sing a song Closing ceremony.
Finally, the social specialist as the trainer of PRA and AIC technique for the ADB’s EGAT project evaluation will give summary and synthesis to the participants. However, in practice they should not spend more than 50 minutes conducting a focus group discussion with one villager group, and 2 hours for the whole process of PRA and AIC leading to formulation of a scenario under some certain circumstance, and implementation plan. However, every step and technique is rather flexible and relaxing and should be appropriate to the villagers and difficulty that may emerge during the operation.
Final Report Page A3-1-13 MONTGOMERYWAlSON H*Ru APPENDIX 3-2 DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS
APPENDIX 3-2 DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS
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Questionnaires Set 1 A Review of the EGAT’s Public Relation Effectiveness This set of questionnaires aims at collecting data on the EGAT personnel qualification and their career performance in general. The data will be used only by the social specialist of the ADB’s EGAT evaluation project. This set of questionnaires is used in addition to an in-depth interview and focus group discussion with the EGAT’s public relation staff. Thank you for your cooperation. Please check and fill information in box or blank as appropriate.
1. Unit or Section [ ] Mae Moh’s Project of community and area development [ ] Mae Moh mine [ ] EGAT power plant 2. Number of staff responsible for public relation work ...... 3. Statusofthestaff 3.1 []Male ...... [ ] Female 3.2 Educational qualifications Level of Education Field of study Number Below Bachelor Degree Bachelor Degree Master Degree Other...... TOTAL
Target Group Please identify work load Rate work importance (A,B,C) Village level District level Provincial level Nationwide through Mass media NGO
4.2 Goals of your Unit’s or Section’s public relatioils...... 5. Other suggestions and information ......
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INTERVIEW GUIDE (For key informants, community leaders and villagers) On the socio-economic impact of the Mae Moh Power Plant and Mine.
DIRECTIONS FOR DATA COLLECTION
The field data collection is intended to learn about the impact of the Mae Moh Power Plant and Mine on the social and economic conditions of the community. Their views concerning the impact and the measures to be undertaken to alleviate the problems will also be explored. The data collectors should apply the PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) and AIC (Appreciation Influence Control) techniques for data collection. Both individual and focus group interview should be conducted in each community. Please avoid formal interview and try to make people feel comfortable when conducting the interview.
1. Fundamental Data 1.1. Gender [ ] Male [ ] Female 1.2. Age [ ] 15-25 years [ ] 26-40 years [ ] 41-60years [ I61 years > 1.3. Status [ ] villagers [ ] community leaders [ 3 key informants. 1.4. Occupations [ 3 Working in Mae Moh Power Plant and Mine [ ]Agriculture [ ] Daily laborer [ ] Others (please identify) ...... 1.5. Residence Village No.. .. .Name of village...... Sub-district...... 1.6. Have lived in Mae Moh for : [ 3 less than 5 years [ '1 5-10 years [ ] 10-20 years [ ] 21- 30 years [ ] more than 31 years
2. Please rate the level of the follow areas that may have some impact on your community according to the degree of seriousness. (5 = most serious 4 = serious 3 = moderate 2 = little 1 = no impact)
2.6. Odour 2.7. Water (drinking and consumption) 2.8. Employment 2.9. Business opportunities
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3. Please describe or provide your opinion and comments on the following issues
3.1 Please describe your community prior to ihe establishment of the Power Plant and Mine...... 3.2 Please describe the current situations of your community? ...... 3.3 What are the positive changes on the peoplr: and the community? ...... 3.4 What are the negative changes on the peop:le and the community? ...... 3.5 Please state the areas that the Plant and. Mine have affected you (most to least) respectively? ...... 3.6 What are the things or measures that may be done to mitigate the problems? ...... 3.7 Would you prefer to move or stay at this village? What is your view about moving the people to another place? ...... 3.8 Under what conditions that you are willing to move? ......
Final Report Page A3-2-4 APPENDIX 3-2 DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS
Interview Guide for Focus Group Discussion
1. Please describe your community prior to the establishment of the Power Plant and Mine.
2. What are the things that have been changed since the establishment of the Power Plant and Mine?
3. How important is the Plant and Mine in the area?
4. What are the things that the Plant and Mine have affected on your life?
5. Please prioritize the areas affected by the Plant and Mine.
6. What are the measures and plans that the Mae Moh Power Plant and Mine or the people should do to help each other?
7. How do you think about moving the community to another place? Would you prefer to move or stay?
8. 7. Under what conditions that you will feel satisfied to move or stay?
@ MWH Final Report Page A3-2-5 MONTGOMERV WATSONHIRU APPENDIX 5-1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON POWER PLANT AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
APPENDIX 5-1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON POWER PLANT AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
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International Standards on Power Plant Air Pollution Control Different countries or cities will have different standards for controlling air pollution from power plants. Invariably, however, strong emphasis is often placed on the practicability of a power plant in achieving certain air pollution control standard. Hence, different power plants in the same country or city are often given different standards to comply. This is because once a power plant has been designed and operating for years, it would be very difficult for the power plant to achieve substantial improvement in the air emission performance. Time, major engineering as well as power supply ;security considerations are required for modifications of a power plant for improved air emission performance. This can explain why in Table 5-12 that the Mae Moh Power Plant is aperating at a different standard than those which would’be required for new or other existing power plants required by the Thai Government. Apart fiom the practicability considerations, acceptability of the air pollution impact caused by a power plant will obviously bt: the most dominating factor in permitting the air emission performance of the power plant.
Sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxidesand dust particulate are the common air pollutants controlled by regulatory authority. For controlling sulphur oxides (SO,), a limit on concentration in the flue gas can be stipulated. Alternatively, a sulphur dioxide removal efliciency of pollution control equipment such as scrubber or FGD is often required and a fuel sulphur content limit is also set. The limit on sulphur oxide concentralion in the flue gas is then a direct result of the fuel sulphur content and removal efficiency. What is being practised in Mae Moh is not seen to be different to other parts of the world.
Nitrogen oxides (NO,) are controlled mainly by furnace and burner design for minimum formation of the pollutant gases. Pollution control equipment such as catalytic converters can be used to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions iifter they are formed from combustion but they are less widespread use than the sulphur oxide control equipment. Certain operational methods may be able to reduce the NO, formation in existing boilers but they have to be considered very carefully for their possible operational constraints.
Dust particulate matter (PM) is controlled by fueI ash content as well as by pollution control equipment such as electrostatic precipitators.
The following tabulation shows a comparison of the emission standards with the European Union, US, Japan and Hong Kong with the Thai Standards for 150 MW and 300 MW units. It is seen that the Thai and Mae Moh Standard are pessimistic compared with other advanced places in the world.
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USl2’ I JapanP1 I Hong Kong14’ I Thailandw I Mae MohiSv‘I 150MW 650 2 1Ong/J & 90% removal 410 670 774 1,100 efficiency (approximately 5 10 mmm3for Mae - Moh) 100 13ng/J&99%removal I 50-100 I 50 I 141 I 212 efficiency (approximately (depending on 30 mg/Nm3 for Mae Moh) location) - I 900[‘] 520ng/J & 90% removal (depending on 200 1,970 980 efficiency (approximately stack height and 1000 mg/Nm3 for Mae region) Moh)
I NO, 200 2 1Ong/J & 90% removal 410 670 774 1,100 (mgnum3) efficiency (approximately 5 10 mg/Nm3 for Mae Moh) PM 50 13ng/J & 99% removal 50- 100 50 141 212 (mg/Nm3) efficiency (approximately (depending on 30 m@m3 for Mae Moh) location) I SO2 400r7 520ng/J & 90% removal (depending on 1,384 (mg/Nm3) efficiency (approximately stack height and 1000 mg/Nm3 for Mae region) Moh)
Reference Conditions: Oxygen content 6%, 0°C 1 atm.
Notes:
Information fkom OEcial Journal of the European Communities, latest amendment on 28 December 2000 Information fiom U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Volume 6, Part 60, revised as of July 1, 1998 Information from Environmental Agency, Government of Japan, latest amendment on April 10 1998 Information fkom HKSAR Environmental Protection Department, A Guidance Note on the Best Practicable Means for Electricit; Works, July 1992 Table 5-12 of Section 5. Thai Standard for SO2 for new plants >500 MW is equivalent to the Mae Moh Standard for Units 4 to 13 Standards converted fiom reference conditions of 50% excess air, 25” C and units of ppm to m@m3 Estimation based on typical net power plant efficiency of about 40% and unit rating
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APPENDIX 5-2 DISCUSSIONS ON CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING
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Continuous Emission Monitoring Continuous emission monitoring (CEM) is carried out by extractive means where the flue gas is sampled from the flue gas ducts by analysers housed at convenient locations within the plant. Measurement of sulphur dioxide is carried out at the outlet from the electrostatic precipitator by ultra-violet (UV) absorption method. At the FGD outlet, measurement of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are made by non- dispersive infia-red (NDIR) means and measurement of oxygen is by paramagnetic means. An Opacity meter, which is a double path transmissometer is also installed at the outlet of the FGD. These opacity meters for all units have always been switched off. The Consultant was advised that these meters have not been functioned properly.
The flue gas sample extraction lines are provided with heat tracing from the point of extraction to the condensation separator and then to the analysers. Primary gas standards are provided for span calibration of the analysers. According to EGAT, daily zero/span checks are carried out on the measuring analysers with multi-point calibration made every two weeks. Cleaning of the sampling line by presswised cleaning is made only when suspicious readings are found. Continuous emission monitoring data are telemetered to the FGD control room as well as to PCD. Owing to space limitations, sampling points on the flue gas ducts for the CEM are located only a short distance way from flow obstructions such as pipe bends, flow contractions or enlargements, etc. Ideally, flue gas sampling points should be as far upstream and downstream of flow disturbances to ensure that the flue gas inside the duct is practically homogeneous to allow representative samples to be extracted from a single point. According to USEPA the sampling point should be at least two duct diameters downstream and half duct diameter upstream of a flow disturbance. The sampling points for the CEM as observed on site are clearly not in fulfilment of such requirements. It is common in international practice that traverse measurement is thus made at the cross-section of the sampling points to determine the representative point for inserting the sampling probe. EGAT, however, adopted a slightly different approach as follows:
0 A sampling location is selected at the outlet duct of FGD satisfying the USEPA requirements. This location is in fact used far acceptance testing of the FGD system and is also downstream of the location for the CElM sampling.
0 Traverse measurement was then made at this location and to determine the cross-sectional average concentration of the gaseous components in the flue gas.
0 The sampling probe for the CEM was then inserted into the flue gas duct at different depths. The depth which gave sulphur dioxidie concentration closest to the cross-sectional average determined above has been adopted for CEM. This has been done at 100 percent and 70 percent loadings. Inspection of data provided by EGAT, shows that the accuracy of the measured concentration at outlet of the FGD fiom the present CEM will be within 90 percent.
The Consultant is of the opinion that, given the practical constraints, this should give the representative sampling point with acceptable accuracy for CEM of the sulphur dioxide concentration of the FGD outlet.
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Discussions and Recommendations
Based on the site observation, inspection of records, and a meeting with EGAT Instrumentation Section, it is seen that the CEM have been generally carried out in a proper manner. The CEM data are also scrutinised by PCD. However, there are concerns and the following are recommended:
The CEM will be able to monitor the pollutant concentrations emitted from the power plant with reasonable accuracy but its accuracy in measuring the sulphur dioxide concentration at FGD inlet and hence the FGD sulphur dioxide removal efficiency has not been verified. The present monitoring of removal efficiency is thus an indication of its relative v&ation with time only. However, since the removal efficiency at the time of acceptance testing has already been determined by other means, and that it is the concentration of the FGD outlet which is important for environmental considerations, investment to improve the sampling point at FGD inlet is not recommended at this stage.
Regular zerohpan checks and calibration being are carried out at the moment. To improve quality assurance, it is recommended to carry out preventive cleaning of the sampling ducts at frequency of, say, once per year
The opacity monitoring should be resumed. Although opacity will not give directly dust particulate concentration in the flue gas in gravimetric units (mg/m3), it gives a good indication if there would be excessive particulate emissions. In the US, an opacity limit of 20 percent is typically adopted for power plant emission to limit the dust particulate emission. The opacity monitoring will provide information for complaint investigation, if necessary, and also help in ensuring optimum combustion condition is achieved. Given proper maintenance, double pass opacity meters have been found to be very reliable elsewhere in the world. There is a significant amount of lost data with the “on line” monitoring systems. This needs to be reduced to improve confidence in the results being obtained by the “on line” systems.
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Final Report Page AS-2-3 APPENDIX 6-1 EGAT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA - SO2
APPENDIX 6-1 EGAT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA - SO2
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C = Continuous Pulse Flourescent SO2 Analyser M = Manual 24-Hr Bubbler Pararosaniline Method
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station Abbreviation
Ban Huai King
Ban Koh.- Or (MCIMCSllBan Mae Chang School IIMMH IlMae Moh Hosoital II
Mine Operating Of6ep- __ Meteoroloaical Main Station II Pratupha Army Camp Ban Mai Ratanakosin ll Ban Sadet Ban Sao Moh Ban Sop Pad Ban Thasi
APPENDM 6-2 EGAT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA - NO2
APPENDIX 6-2 EGAT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA - NO2
@ MWH Final Report Page Ad-2-1 MOM(M(ERI WAzsoW MARU Ambient NOz Data
C = Continuous Chemiluminesent NO-N02-NOxAnalyser M = Manual 24-Hr Bubbler Sodium Arsenite Method
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station Abbreviation
Monitoring Station: ALL Ambient NO2 Concentration - Maximum 24 Hr Average in a Month 140
120
m
m
60
40
20
0
Time Monitoring Station: ALL Ambient NO2 Concentration - Monthly Average 100
90
80
8 Sw 50 2 E tD 40 0 c 0 0 30
20
10
0
Time
APPENDIX 6-3 EGAT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA - PMlO
APPENDIX 6-3 EGAT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA - PMlO
Final Report Page A6-3-1 Ambient PMlO Data
Note: The table above reflects the sampling method for monitoring Respirable Dust from 1991 to 1997 and PMlO from to 2000.
LV = 24-Hr Low Volume Air Sample Method GV = 24-Hr Gravimetric Method CON = Continuous Sampling
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station Abbreviation
Monitoring Station: ALL Ambient PMlO Concentration - Monthly Average 500
450
400
350 w en
\E 9 300 Y E 0 = 250 P 5 f E g 200 c 0 0 150
100
50
0
Time
APPENDLX 6-4 EGAT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA - TSP
APPENDIX 6-4 EGAT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA - TSP
@ MWH Final Report Page A6-4- I MONlUOMEWY WADON HARU Ambient Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) Data
____
GV = 24-Hr Gravimeteric Method
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station Abbreviation
Pratupha Army Camp Ban Mai Ratanakosin SD SM SP TS
APPENDM 6-5 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON
APPENDIX 6-5 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON
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APPENDIX 7-1 WATER QUALITY TABLES
APPENDIX 7-1 WATER QUALITY TABLES
@ MWH Final Report Page A7-I-! MOMOOMERYWATSON HARU Table A74 Additional Groundwater Studies4 994 to 1996 Approximate Surface Water Budget-Mae Moh Basin
Average Annual Volume (MCM) 16.28 Mae Kham Dam 4.41 Huai S8i#iuai Pet 2.37 Mae Moh Reservoir (residual natural catchment) 26.28 Allae Chang Dam 48.32 Mae Chang (residual catchment to Mae Mhjumtion) 20.68 I TOTAL 118.34 Useage nad Discharge Average Annual Voium (MCM) Power Plant Use 45.00 Power Ptant Discharge Units 1-3 1.08 Units 4-1 3 1.20 Mine !% Disd?s!-ge' 4.40 Wetlands Discharge' 8.65 Total Flow Mae Chang3 (discharge from basin) 88.67 J
Source: Dr W. Weekks, AIDAB. Notes: 1 Water discharged from the mine pit is surface runoff with some seepage, less water use in pit. Evaporation is smali. 2 This is mainly runoff from the waste dumps, regulated by the settling pondslwetlands. 3 The modelled outflow from Mae Chang is slightly different because of evaporation and roundding differences. Table A7-2 PCD Surface Water Quality Standards
Parameters Statistic Value Unit Standard Val1 of Surface Water for Class
1 2 3 I 4 5 Colour, Odour and Taste n n n n
2 Temperature OC n n' n' n' 3 pH Value - n 5-9 .5-9 5-9 4 Dissolved Oxygen P 20 mg/l n F 6.0 P 4.0 P 2.0 5 BOD (2OoC, 5 days) P 80 mgll n p 1.5 p 2.0 p 4.0 6 Total Coliform Bacteria P 80 MPNl100 ml n P 5,000 I' 20,000 7 Fecal Coliform Bacteria P 80 MPN/100 ml n I> 1,000 I> 4,000 - 8 N03-N Max. allowance mgll n not more than 5.0 9 NH3-N Max. allowance mgll n not more than 0.5 10 Phenols Max. allowance mgll n not more than 0.005 11 Copper (Cu) Max. allowance mgll n not more than 0.1 12 Nickel (Ni) Max. allowance mgll n not more than 0.1 13 Manganese (Mn) Max. allowance mg/l n not more than 1.o 14 Zinc (Zn) Max. allowance mgll n not more than 1.o 15 Cadmium (Cd) Max. allowance mgll n not more than 0.005* not more than 0.05** 16 Cr (hexavalent) Max. allowance mg/l n not more than 0.05 17 Lead (Pb) Max. allowance mgll n not more than 0.05 18 Hg (total) Max. allowance mg/l n not more than 0.002 19 Arsenic (As) Max. allowance mgll n not more than 0.01 20 Cyanide (CN) Max. allowance mgll n not more than 0.005 21 Radioactivity a Gross Max. allowance BecquereVl n not more than 0.1 b Gross Max. allowance Becquerelll n not more than 1.o 22 Total Organochlorine Max. allowance mgll n not more than 0.05 Pesticides 23 DDT Max. allowance mgll n not more than 1.o 24 a- BHC Max. allowance mgll n not more than 0.02 25 Dieldrin Max. allowance mgll n not more than 0.1 26 Aldrin Max. allowance mgll n not more than 0.1 27 Heptachlor & Heptachlor Max. allowance mgll n not more than 0.2 epoxide 28 IEndrin Max. allowance mgll n none Table A7-3 PCD Surface Water Classifications
Classifications Objectives/ Condition & Beneficial Usages Class 1 Extra clean fresh surface water resources used for : (1) Conservation, not necessary pass through water treatment processes require only ordinary process for pathogenic destruction
(2) Ecosystem conservation where basic organisms can breed naturally Class 2 Very clean fresh surface water resources used for : (1) Consumption which requires ordinary water treatment processes before use (2) Aquatic organism of conservation (3)Fisheries Class 3 Medium clean fresh surface water resources used for : (1) Consumption, but passing through an ordinary treatment process before use (Zj Agricuiiuie Class 4 Fairly dean fresh surface water resources used for : (1) Consumption, but requires special water treatment process before use l(2) Industry Class 5 ,The resources which are not classified in class 1-4 and used for navigation
Source : Notification of the National Environment Board No. 8, B.E. 2537 (1994), issued under the Enhancement & Conservation of National Evironment Quality Act B.E. 2535 (1992), dated January 20, B.E. 2537 (1994), published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 11 1, Part 16 D,dated February 24 B.E 2537 (1994). Table A74 Groundwater Chemical Analyses of Huai King Formation (After EGAT, 2001)
:hemica1 1 Iuai King formation (15) - _. L - - - - Hole Smp. samp. samp. Turbi. PH TDS SS TS TA TH Na K SI TI No. No. Date Method 0 ------PwBl 1143 7-Mar-97 FF 0.57 8.56 964 2.00 966 962.0 20 268 3 0 PwBl 1385 2-May-97 FF 0.58 8.43 1094 5.00 1099 914.0 20 405 4 0 PwBl 1742 I 8-Ju~-97 FF 0.70 7.84 988 1 .OO 989 910.0 20 427 4 0 PwBl 1975 15-Jul-97 FF 1.45 8.11 1020 44.00 I064 920.0 10 478 12 0 PwBl 2557 I7-seQ-97 FF 0.51 8.16 1542 2.00 1544 928.0 20 429 3 0 RH40B 1145 7-Mar-97 FF 14.01 8.33 740 11.00 751 1058.0 10 310 2 0 RH40B 1378 2-May-97 FF 34.90 7.97 1210 37.00 1247 1056.0 10 477 3 2 RH40B 1749 18-Ilm-97 FF 1900 18.79 7.90 1096 42.00 1138 1058.0 10 510 3 1 RH40B 1976 15-Jul-97 FF 32.70 8.08 1184 68.00 1252 1062.0 5 544 3 0 RH40B 2565 17-Sep-97 FF 1946 1230.00 7.56 1665 1352.00 3017 1086.0 25 20 5 428 2 5 RH78B 1146 7-Mar-97 FF 2600 1.14 7.73 1558 3.00 1561 1470.0 20 310 10 404 3 0 RH78B 1383 2-May-97 FF 2610 1.28 8.13 1652 14.00 1666 1462.0 20 10 10 638 5 0 RH78B 1750 18-Jun-97 FF 2500 1.20 7.65 1488 4.00 I492 1452.0 I5 5 10 435 5 0 RH78B 1983 15-JuI-97 FF 2570 I .26 7.76 1774 34.00 1808 1440.0 10 5 5 732 6 0 RH78B 2566 17-Sep-97 -FF 2520 2.32 -7.89 2268 4.00 2272 -1426.0 -35 20 15 -556 3 -I Min 1679.06 0.51 7.9 740.0( I .M 751.M 910.a 5.01 3.00 2.M 268.41 2.25 0.08 Max 2610.00 1230.00 8.56 2268.00 1352.00 3017.00 1470.00 35.00 20.00 15.00 731.71 11.55 4.95 Avg . 2050.67 89.43 8.01 1349.53 108.20 1457.73 1146.93 16.67 8.87 7.80 469.51 4.03 0.78 Sd 383.21 315.75 0.29 400.92 344.71 580.23 229.83 7.72 5.21 3.45 117.27 2.29 1.24
[uai King formation (15) - - :hemica1 1 - - Hole samp. Turbi. PH Bi- CarbC- NO3 4rsenic Formation Descnption No. No. I Date Method 0 - :arbonate -naate - m PwBl 1143 I 7-Mar-97 FF 0.57 8.56 926 14 2.80 HK HK PwBl 2-May-97 FF 0.58 8.43 810 104 13 6.40 HK HK PwBl 18-Ju~-97 FF 1880 0.70 7.84 902 8 10 6.50 HK HK PwBl 15-Jul-97 FF 1.45 8.11 836 84 11 5.20 HK HK PwBl 17-Sep-97 FF 0.51 8.16 872 56 12 HK HK RH40B 7-Mar-97 FF 14.01 8.33 970 88 13 23.20 HK HK RH40B 2-May-97 FF 34.90 7.97 1044 12 14 24.20 HK HK RH40B 18-Ju~-97 FF 1900 18.79 7.90 1054 4 14 20.00 HK HK RH40B 15-JuI-97 FF 1898 32.70 8.08 994 68 14 19.80 HK HK RH40B 2565 17-Sep-97 FF 1946 1230.00 7.56 1086 9 HK HK RH78B 1146 7-Mar-97 FF 2600 1.14 7.73 1470 18 25.90 HK HK RH78B 1383 2-May-97 FF 2610 1.28 8.13 1442 20 19 26.40 HK HK RH78B 1750 18-lun-97 FF 2500 1.20 7.65 1436 16 17 21.80 HK HK RH78B 1983 15-Jul-97 FF --2570 1.26 7.76 1440 15 21.60 HK HK RH78B 2566 17-Sq-97 FF 2520 2.32 -1.89 1426 - -I5 - HK HK tin 1679.01 0.51 7.5t 810.0( 4.M 9.M 2.N 2610.00 1230.00 8.56 1470.00 104.00 19.00 38.45 26.40 2050.67 89.43 8.01 1113.87 46.00 13.87 8.36 16.98 383.21 315.75 0.29 252.78 38.15 2.77 10.62 8.96 Table A7-5 Groundwater Chemical Analyses of Basement Formation (after EGAT, 2001) - - aseJwld Fm ig7j iPm z I prspw - - m ------7 Hola -w smp. samp. cond. TWbi. pn TDS ss m Ca Ms Na K TI Bi - .artK CI E Gzi 'onnrtiol No. -No. Date Ule(h0d SeL ------:arb natc - - - BTsl 55 14-0d-B FF 536 135.50 7.35 520 308 828 188 240 9 51 rn BS OA4114B 451 7-Jpn-gB FF 19.40 Bs LMS IA!i7/7G(CMc] 1229 3-Jun-gB PP 93 0.25 5.76 6 1 750 30 10 20 0 58 2 7 3.10 Bs MsIARGtSSl OM148 1208 nMr-97 FF 1510 1.10 8.19 mo 10 970 716 110 80 30 317 5 1 716 10 94 Bs LMS 0- 1360 wly-07 FF 1495 5.37 8.13 85a 11 889 61s 40 20 20 334 4 1 628 48 11 119 314.49 Bs LMS OM148 1745 IbJnr-B? FF 1546 1.96 7.47 922 2 924 7OC 80 50 30 362 5 1 m 10 9 542.70 Bs LMS oAB1B 197a 15Juco7 FF 1567 9.8 6.84 956 44 loo0 734 100 50 50 3sa 11 0 734 10 95 442.80 Bs LMS QluuB 2340 1-97 FF 1539 722 7.75 OgD 13 903m 95 65 30 347 4 0 708 10 41 144.00 BS LMS OM48 2564 1r-srp97 FF 1544 2.45 725 1347 4 1351 702 100 10 90 31 1 2 0 702 11 74 Bs LMS OM148 449 7-Jm-rn FF 190.49 Bs LMS OA%a 275 aFeb-00 BG 1516 16.18 8.39 $09 64 lo53 636 40 20 20 2 488 148 4 87 Bs LMS OAmB Is00 1-7 FF 1360 0.72 8.28 816 4 620694 110 5 106 317 14 !iw 104 9 84 7.40 BS LMS 0M)BB I748 ISJllr97 FF 1313 1.23 8.34 726 3 729 698 10 5 5 333 12 0 606 92 8 3 11.40 Bs LMS 0M)BB 1s2 1C.M-97 FF 1307 2.03 8.51 942 34 976 BB~ 5 3 2 349 13 0 54a 144 8 0 8.00 Bs LMS CaMLBe 2339 19-Aug-97 FF 1290 4.31 8.56 739 12 751 686 10 5 5 509 9 0 686 128 6 12 8.40 BS LMS oMw8 2562 17-sap-97 FF 12M 0.84 8.59 sQ2 2 (194692 10 5 5 288 7 0 568 124 8 7 Bs LMS oA6m 1207 27W-97 FF 1472 6.57 8.42 942 16 958738 80 50 30 318 6 Bs LMS oA6m 1379 2-May-g7 FF 1495 2.71 8.15 912 7 919 734 50 20 30 332 4 1 690 44 12 53 357.40 BS LMS OAWB 1746 ie~un-97 FF 1480 3.13 7.72 83% 1 839 734 50 20 30 362 5 1 734 10 21 525.90 BS LMS oA6m 1979 15.M-97 FF 1567 17.04 7.00 960 45 1W 724 90 30 60 380 6 0 724 15 93 487.60 BS LMS OABm 2337 19-Aug-97 FF 1517 0.94 8.26 910 2 912 710 90 60 30 346 4 0 710 10 42 211.20 BS LMS m 2561 17-sep97 FF 1546 5.25 7.13 13!X 7 1363 710 100 55 45 321 4 0 710 11 87 BS LMS oA87B 1 1-06-97 FF 1525 1.15 7.07 1353 2 I355 716 120 70 50 332 4 0 716 12 79 63.60 BS LMS WS?E '1. 9-m FF 299.00 BS LMS PA7110 1141 ?-Mar-97 FF 1510 0.54 7.97 932 1 933694 70 40 30 227 3 0 694 11 I19 123.30 BS LhiSSST PA7IlB 1384 2-Mpy-97 FF 1 542 0.68 8.41 1026 4 1030 690 40 30 I0 335 5 0 606 84 12 104 105.80 BS WlSlSST PA711B 1740 IS.tUn-97 FF 1472 0.42 7.89 856 I 857 696 40 10 30 375 5 0 660 16 9 54 95.00 BS LMSISST PA711B 1973 1C.M-97 FF 1466 5.26 8.14 922 57 979 698 35 5 30 385 5 0 650 40 13 57 155.80 BS LMSlSST PA7ilB 2344 19--97 FF 1482 16.46 8.30 853 21 874 662 30 5 25 347 4 0 662 10 16 20.80 BS LMSlSST PA711B 2555 174ep-97 Ff 1384 1.16 8.22 1134 3 1137 700 40 10 30 362 5 0 6.4 15 117 BS LMS/SST PAIIB 1142 34-97 FF 1528 6.71 8.05 934 9 943 726 90 70 20 229 3 1 726 11 102 399.20 BS LMS PAIIB 2341 19--97 FF 1486 73.60 8.00 864 86 950 740 90 50 40 352 4 0 740 10 58 75.60 BS LMS PAIIB 2558 17--7 FF 1540 4.62 7.80 1353 6 1359 722 100 70 30 354 5 2 722 11 67 BS LMS PAIIB 450 7-hrn FF 185.20 BS LMS PA128 379 1 l-rJov-s FF 1550 1.w 7.48 972 1 973 722 100 60 40 282 5 0 722 10 81 BS LMS PA128 380 12Hov-98 FF 1552 1.29 7.32 978 2 980 712 90 60 30 283 6 0 712 11 91 Bs LMS PA120 1208 27-Mpr-97 fF 1412 1.71 8.39 926 2 928 730 40 30 10 329 5 1 730 11 14 BS LMS PA126 1331 2-blay-97 FF 1432 1.06 8.43 872 8 880 718 30 20 10 322 4 1 638 80 12 43 m.20 Bs LMS PA128 1744 IEJm-97 FF 1531 36.30 6.61 906 6 912 710 90 50 40 358 5 4 718 9 53 23.40 0s LMS PA128 1980 1C.M-97 FF 1531 25.60 7.31 916 58 974 734 90 50 40 338 5 1 734 11 67 327.60 BS LMS PA128 2343 19-Augs7 FF 1448 0.83 8.26 842 2 a44 746 85 55 30 338 5 0 746 10 21 100.40 BS LMS PA128 2S59 17-Sep.97 FF 1516 16.14 7.19 1287 18 1305 744 80 50 30 331 3 3 744 11 51 Bs LMS PAlZB 772 13kbr-98 FF 240.20 BS LMS PA12B 773 13Mr-98 FF m.80 BS LMS PA120 770 la-98 FF 1634 4.31 6.33 1412 6 1418 664 loo 60 40 285 3 0 664 8 I61 !40.20 BS LMS PA128 771 I--98 FF 1530 7.45 6.30 1114 8 1122 660 100 50 50 284 4 880 8 59 m.80 6s LMS PA126 879 2cMr-91) FF B2.50 BS LMS PA126 878 27-Mr-m FF 1525 0.92 6.53 1208 2 1290 684 110 60 50 2m 4 0 684 7 69 B2.50 BS LMS PA128 931 7-w-98 ff 1565 1.M 6.87 I 342 3 1345 888 100 60 40 304 4 0 688 7 !I1 147.10 BS LMS PA128 975 EApr-% FF 1553 0.25 6.71 920 I 921 698 100 60 40 281 4 0 698 6 115 329.40 BS LMS PA128 976 I(FApr-98 FF 1546 0.60 6.86 924 2 926 684 100 50 50 289 4 0 664 7 115 151.00 BS LMS Table A7-5 Groundwater Chemical Analyses of Basement Formation (after EGAT, 2001) - - lasemen! Fmi !(12c - properl - - hemi -PrO ------Hole iamp. Samp. Samp. Cond. Turbi. PH TDS SS TH Ca Mg Na K TI Bi - CI Jo3 504 Si Arsenic matior Desaiption No. -No. Date -Pdm (NTU) ------arln - - (ppb) - PA12B 994 22-Apr-98 FF 1544 0.33 7.19 1298 2 1300 682 120 60 60 334 4 0 682 7 123 298.50 BS LMS PAIZB 995 24-Apr-98 FF 1518 1.27 7.44 1236 2 1238 684 120 50 70 329 3 0 684 7 110 324.90 BS LMS PA128 1017 28-Apr-98 FF 1562 1.53 7.13 1310 2 1312 684 130 60 70 318 4 0 678 16 10 107 332.00 BS LMS PA128 1024 30-AV-98 FF 1528 0.64 7.72 1326 1 1327 652 90 20 70 319 5 0 576 76 10 122 315.80 BS LMS PA128 1045 4-May-98 FF 1546 0.69 6.86 1346 1 1347 688 100 60 40 314 4 0 688 11 76 321.60 BS LMS PAIZB 1066 7-May-98 FF 1544 0.68 6.80 1324 2 1326 696 90 20 70 321 4 0 696 10 143 330.30 BS LMS PAIPB 1109 12-May-98 FF 1566 0.23 7.01 1322 1 1323 694 120 60 60 312 4 0 694 9 56 319.20 BS LMS PA12B 1123 15-May98 FF 1585 2.40 7.30 1382 4 1386 690 110 70 40 31 1 5 0 690 9 50 361.80 BS LMS PA12B 1135 1%May-98 FF 354.30 BS LMS PA12B 1158 22-May-98 FF 276.00 BS LMS PA12B 1159 26-May-98 FF 303.00 BS LMS PA12B 1160 24May-98 FF 258.30 BS LMS PA12B 1228 2-Jun-98 FF 378.30 BS LMS PA128 1230 5-JUn-98 FF 383.70 BS LMS PAl2B 1237 9Jun-98 FF 370.80 BS LMS PA12B 1245 16-JUn-98 FF 353.60 BS LMS PA12B 1284 23-Ju~-98 FF 1607 1.22 7.3 1414 3 1417 698 100 60 40 322 5 0 698 9 106 1 312.80 BS LMS PA128 1294 30-Jun-98 FF 1620 1.31 7.70 1436 2 1438 702 110 70 40 337 5 0 702 8 85 0 374.40 BS LMS PA12B 1364 7-Jul-98 FF 1470 0.36 7.69 1236 1 1237 696 110 60 50 338 5 0 696 9 35 1 321.60 BS LMS PAlZB 1369 14-JuC98 FF 1520 0.91 8.25 1298 2 1300 696 110 60 50 341 5 1 696 8 28 1 315.30 BS LMS PA126 1417 21-JUl-98 FF 1548 0.35 7.75 1308 1 1309 692 110 70 40 346 6 0 692 7 104 1 363.60 BS LMS PA12B 1424 2EJul-98 FF 1555 0.30 7.71 1320 1 1321 700 100 60 40 335 5 0 700 7 27 1 314.00 BS LMS PA 128 1654 25-AUg-98 FF 1542 0.33 7.2C 1312 1 1313 0 83 326.80 BS LMS PAIZB 1723 1-Sep-98 FF 1533 1.40 7.26 1346 3 1349 0 36 314.00 BS LMS PAlZB 1734 SSep-98 FF 1529 0.74 7.08 1316 2 1318 1 57 326.00 BS LMS PA12B 1740 15-sap98 FF 1246 0.82 7.64 984 2 986 0 312.00 BS LMS PAlZB 31 1COd-98 FF 1561 0.52 7.31 1322 2 1324 0 93 338.40 BS LMS PAIZB 72 2906-90 FF 1643 0.81 7.34 1446 1 1447 0 142 335.20 BS LMS PA128 152 26-NW-98 FF 1562 0.86 7.56 1282 2 1284 0 121 318.80 BS LMS PAIZB 202 14-Doc-98 FF 1611 0.56 7.27 1392 1 1393 0 92 328.00 BS LMS PA12B 593 23-Apr-99 FF 1568 1.37 6.25 1364 2 1366 734 110 60 50 0 662 72 9 83 I 266.00 BS LMS PA128 650 1%May-99 FF 1547 1.27 6.54 1012 36 1048 684 130 70 60 0 608 76 10 54 1 262.40 BS LMS PA12B 787 IEJun-99 FF 1572 0.73 7.43 1040 88 1128 692 100 70 30 0 692 7 89 0 242.80 BS LMS PA128 970 30-Jul-99 FF 1563 0.52 7.42 795 8 803 702 130 80 50 0 702 8 132 536.40 BS LMS PA128 1066 20-Aug-99 FF 1573 0.54 7.05 790 20 810 686 110 50 60 0 686 8 103 467.60 BS LMS PAIZB 69 21-oc1-99 FF 1727 0.72 7.6a 1120 52 1172 720 110 80 30 0 720 ND 6 100 0 528.60 BS LMS PA12B 310 17-Dec-99 FF 1573 6.07 7.94 973 18 991 644 90 10 80 0 508 136 6 90 1 367.20 BS LMS PAlZB 399 IEJan-00 FF 1641 0.73 7.53 979 3 982 708 100 70 30 0 580 128 6 68 1 302.00 BS LMS PAIZB 520 24-Fib-00 FF 1660 0.46 7.15 990 13 1003 640 60 30 30 0 516 124 5 49 1 380.80 BS LMS PA128 581 17-MW-00 FF 1676 0.19 8.29 996 6 1003 684 90 50 40 0 616 68 4 64 1 337.20 BS LMS PA128 673 24-Apr-00 FF 1770 0.69 7.10 989 3 992 688 140 80 60 0 688 ND 8 123 1 306.40 BS LMS PAIZB 787 23-Maya FF 1547 1.02 7.2C 1039 3 1042 706 110 70 40 0 634 72 6 66 1 503.20 BS LMS PAlZB 940 29-Jun-00 FF 1631 0.61 7.31 1082 6 1088 620 140 70 70 0 486 136 101 400.00 BS LMS PA12B 1077 2EJucOO FF 1620 0.18 6.M: 984 1 985 674 70 30 40 0 506 168 8 164 0 312.40 BS LMS PAlZB 1216 25Aug-00 FF 1630 0.48 6.68 954 10 964 850 80 40 40 0 690 160 8 114 1 310.80 BS LMS PA128 41 l%ocl-Oo FF 1650 1.03 6.68 966 4 650 60 40 20 0 506 144 10 1 94 1 364.40 BS LMS PA12B 152 2fNov-00 FF 1860 0.74 6.67 966 4 692 170 60 110 0 628 64 8 2 443 1 361.20 BS LMS PA128 257 21-DS-00 FF 1563 0.32 6.94 954 3 957 678 150 80 70 0 578 100 11 6 48 1 390.00 BS LMS PA12B 333 18-Jan-01 FF 1651 0.29 6.82 1008 4 1012 618 100 30 70 0 534 84 12 10 85 1 413.60 BS LMS PA12B 430 IbFebOl FF 1527 0.92 7.54 970 7 977 664 270 100 170 0 664 7 7 70 1 306.80 BS LMS PA12B 518 16Mar-01 FF 1562 0.65 6.18 966 3 969 694 90 40 50 0 694 11 6 65 1 259.60 BS LMS Table A?-5 Groundwater Chemical Analyses of Basement Formation (after EGAT, 2001) - I kmp. TH Si AnenicFomtatior -No. Ils/an) %y-?k (ppb) 804 2020 262.00 BS PAl2B 729 1563 0.60 7.07 963 33 120 264.00 BS PA128 840 27.3 1643 0.46 6.94 978 4 180 BS PA13B 1743 1541 10.98 7.35 918 4 70 379.20 BS PA138 ten 1557 s.m 7.04 932 74 90 44e.00 Bs PWAI I198 1443 2.89 8.97 aw 8 10 ~ 135.80 Bs PWAI 13% 1491 0.43 8.83 920 2 20 154.80 BS PWAI 1741 I8-h-97 1469 0.75 8.411 824 2 10 49.90 BS PWAI $914 3452 2.24 8.a 868 49 10 w.80 Bs -1 2342 1453 1.82 1.59 as3 4 10 2.80 Bs PWAI 2se6 17-97 1435 0.34 8.77 1176 2 20 i Bs RMm 1144 7-47 1455 78.40 7.0~ 910 s 50 1 11 33 240.20 BS RMm 1382 1450 44.20 7.97 a80 36 30 11 34 389.00 BS RMOB 1747 I* 35.30 7.73 W 42 30 1 7s 18 130.20 Bs RMOB 2338 1401) 35.90 8.22 888 39 40 10 355.20 BS RMm 2563 1SW 126.50 7.81 1206 132 €4 2 772 12 25 iuBoB 2 1548 BE520.00 7.98 1362 2515: 70 2 157.20 I E RMOB -4 - 1262.80I BS Table A7-6 Groundwater quality in the village areas Table A74 Groundwater quality in the village areas Table A76 Groundwater quality in the village areas Table AI-6 Groundwater qualtty In the village areas Table A7-6 Groundwater quality in the village areas APPENDIX 7-2 SURFACE WATER QUALITY GRAPHS
APPENDIX 7-2 SUFWACE WATER QUALITY GRAPHS
~-
Final Rf:port Page A 7-2-1 2700 1350
2400 1200 n +Conductivity E g2100 1050 8 +SO4 u I I 900
1500 750 pI -c5 1200 600 1= 8 900 450
600 300
300 150 H
Date Figure A2: Surface Water Quality at Tha Si Weir Conductivity and Sulphate Concentration
3000 1500
2700 1350
2400 1200 +Conductivity 2100 1050 +SO4 1800 900
1500 750
1200 600
900
600 I 300
300 - 150
A A A A A A A A A A 41 I I I v v v w I v I v I v I v I v I v I 0 1 I I I I 10 m m m m m m m m m m m m ? m m ? ? ? a? L L ? - ? ?.cI ? ? c C 3 0 Q a a, 2 3 -7 a, 8 8 7 u, r" 2 2 -7 2 c/) 8 z n Date Figure A3: Surface Water Quality at Mae Kham Reservoir Conductivity and Sulphate Concentration 3000 1500
2700 1350
2400 -1200 +Conductivity E -~ +SO4
3 1800 - 900
1500 - 750
1200 -600
900 - 450
600
300 150
0 0
Date Figure A4: Surface Water Quality at Huai Sai Reservoir Conductivity and Sulphate Concentration 3000 1500
2700 1350
2400 1200 n E 1050 0 2100 +Conductivity +SO4 33 i 3 1800 900
.IE > .I 1500 750 CI 0 S 'CI 1200 600 E 0 0 900 450
600 300
300 150
I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 I I I I I 0
Date ~ Figure A5: Surface Water Quality at Mae Moh Reservoir Conductivity and Sulphate Concentration 3000 1500
2700 1350
2400 1200 n E A 2100 1050 g E v 0 3 1800 900 mE 1500 750 e> '=I 1200 600 W E 0 0 900 450
600 300
300 150
I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I 1 I I I I 1 I I I I I I o! I I t 1 I I I I I I I I I I
Date 2700 - 1350
2400 +Conductivity +SO4 1200 n E
-- 900
- 750
-- 600
- 450
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I lo
Date Figure A7: Surface Water Quality at NE Settling Pond Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration 3000 - 3000
2700 - 2700
2400 - 2400 g 2100 - 2100 0 \ 31800 - 1800 E ‘5 1500 - 1500 .I CI 0 ;1200 - 1200 c 00 900 - 900
600 - 600
300 - 300
0 -0 Figure A8: Surface Water Quality at Ash Water Lake Overflow Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration 3000 1500
2700 1350 E h 2400 1200s
2100 1050 ifv) 0 0 all 1800 900 8 >, I== c, *s 1500 750 e" .Iw 0 .I 0 c, 1200 600 c, c C 0 Q) 0 900 450
600 300 00
300 +SO4 150
I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I I I I I 1 0 I I I I I I I I I 0 3500
3000
2500 -E s3 2000 8 -> .I CI 1500 'CI c 0 1000
500
I I I I I I 1 I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I
Date Figure AIO: Surface Water Quality at Biotreatment No.5 Overflow Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration 4000 4000
3500 3500
3000 3000
2500 2500
2000 2000
1500 1500
1000 1000
500 500
I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 I 0
Date Figure A1 1: Surface Water Quality at NE Wetland Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration 3000 I 3000
2700 2700
2400 2400 gP P g 2100 2100 : 0 0 \ 3 1800 1800 v) > 1500 1500 f! ..I CIu f 1200 1200 ,o 5 U c SI! 8 900 WOE 8 600 600 05 I -0 -TDS I I 300 -504 300
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I 1 I I I 0 I I I I I I I I I 0 Figure A12: Surface Water Quality at NE Settling Pond Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration
3000 t 3000
2700 2700
n 2400 2400 Q W 2100 2100 vr 0 v) 1800 1800 4 v) 1500 1500 r" 1200 1200 .g c, La 900 900 E Q) 0 600 +Conductivity -- 600 E 0 300
0
Date Figure Al3: Surface Water Quality at S Settling Pond Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration
II =TDS I I
.- Date Figure A14: Surface Water Quality at South Wetland Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration
2700 2700 n E 2400 2400 p b v 21 00 2100 8 v) 1800 1800 08 v) 1500 1500 E" 1200 1200 2 c, 2 900 900 E Q) 0 600 600 0c 0 300 300 IL I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OI I I I I I I I I0
Date 81 00 8100
7200 7200 h E 63ooQ 6300 Q W 5400
4500
3600
2700
I I I 1 1800 +Conductivity 900 -TDS I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 I I I I I 0
Date Figure A16: Surface Water Quality at South Settling Pond Conductivity and TDS Concentration 4500 4500
4000 4000
3500
3000 v)a 2500 2500 I- r" 0 .I 2000 2000 H +Ir E 1500 1500 E 1000 1000 8
500 500
0 I I I I 3 I I I I I I I f I I I I I I I I I 0
Date Figure Al7: Surface Water Quality at South Wetland Conductivity and TDS Concentration 3500 3500
3000 .3000
2500 . 2500
2000 - 2000
i500 - !5W
1000 - loo0
- 500 - 500 I. =TDS
I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I 0 i I I I I I I0
Date Figure Al8: Surface Water Quality at SW Settling Pond Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration 3000 3000 +Conductivity 2700 - 2700 -0 =TDS n E 2400 2400 a Q W 2100 21 00 0 8 \ v) 3 1800 1800 all v) P 1500 1500 c f 0 1200 1200 .I +I,E 900 900 c,c 8 600 600 E
300 300
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 I I I I 0
Date Figure Al9: Surface Water Quality at SW Wetland Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration 3000 I 3000
2700
2400
2100 3 1800 2> 1500 I CI 0 1200 c 8 900
600
300
1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 I I I I I0
Date Figure A20: Surface Water Quality at Main Drain 4-7 Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration 3000 3000
2700 2700 *Conductivity 2400 I -0 .TDS n E 21 00 i 0 +SO4 33 3 1800 1800 >, CI .I> 1500 1500 .I c, 0 3 'CI 1200 1200 c: 900 900
600 600
300 300
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 I I I I I I 0
Date Figure A21 : Surface Water Quality at Main Drain 8-1 3 Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration
4500 9000
4000 +Conductivity 8000 -@ .TOS 3500 7000 +SO4
3000 6000
2500 5000
2000 4009
1500 3000 loo0 2000
500 1000
0 I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 I I 0
Date Figure A22: Surface Water Quality at Huai Pet Canal Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration 3000 I 4500
2700 4050
2400 3600
2100 31 50
3 1800 2700 E '5 1500 .I 2250 c, 0 < 1200 1800 E 0 0 900 1350
600 900
300 450 0
Date Figure A23: Surface Water Quality at Mae Moh Canal Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration
1 +Conductivity 2700 I I 14 2700 M -TDS 2400 IS04 2400
2100 2100
1800 1800
1500 1500
1200 1200
900 900
600 600
300 300
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I0 OI I I I I I I I I I I I
Date Figure A24: Surface Water Quality at N16 High Wall Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration 4500 I 4500
4000 4000 n E 3500 3500 g n W E d 0 3000 3000 0 \ v) d 3 2500 2500 v) .IE > n .I b CI 0 2000 2000 r" =I 0 0 .-c, Q 5 1500 1500 t 0 E 1000 1000 g8 0 500 500
0 0 Q, Q, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, 0 0 0 0 0 0 ? a, 0 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?* ? ? ? 9 9 ? C n C 0, a 0 n L C ul P > (d 4 k 6 1 1
4000 - 4000 n E 3500 3500 fLp v d 3OOo - 3000 8 4 2500 2500 v) P I- 2000 I 2000 f 0 1 .I +.r 1500 +Conductivity 1000 =TDS
500 -@-SO4 500
I I 1 t I J I I I I I I I I 1 04 I I I I I1 I I 1 I I I I I I I I 0
Date Figure A26: Surface Water Quality at Check Dam 4 Lower Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration 4500 4500
4000 4000 n E 3500 3500 8 v n d 3000 3000 8 a 3 4 >r 2500 2500 v) .I- n > I- .I 'i 2000 2000 E" =I .I0 'CJ +Ir Q 5 1500 1500 & 0 E 1000 1000 g8 0 500 500
I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I 01 I I I I I0
Date Figure A27: Surface Water Quality at Check Dam 5 Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration
4500 4500 +Conductivity 4000 4000 n E 3500 3500 g w 3000
2500 2500 u, cP 2oc)O
1500
1000
500 500
0 0 Figure A28: Surface Water Quality at Check Dam 5 Upper Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration
4500 ~ 4500
4000 +Conductivity 4000 m n -SO4 E 3500 I. .TDS 3500 2 W n E 0 3000 3000 if a v) 3 4 2500 2500 v) .IE n > .I + c, 0 2000 2000 E" 0 3 .I 'c1 CI E Q 1500 1500 b E Q) 0 1000 1000 g 0 500 500
0 0 Figure A29: Surface Water Quality at Old Sump Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration 4500
4050 2700
3600 2400
3150 2100
2700 1800
2250 1500
1800 1200
1350 '900 I 900 +Conductivity 4 -TDS 450 300 +SO4 t- I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I 0 1 I I I I I I 1 I I I I I0
Date Figure A30: Surface Water Quality at Sump 1 NW Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration 4500 4500
4000 4000
3500 3500 n 5 3000 3000 a 2500 2500
2000 A 2000
1500 1500 +Conductivity 1000 1000 -0 =TDS
500 +SO4 500
I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 I I 0 m Ql 0, 0 0 Q, m m L -8 9 9 7 0 > 8 7 3 z0 ' Date Figure A31: Surface Water Quality at Sump 1 C 1 Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration 4500 - 4500
4000 - 4000 n E 3500 -3500 e U
3000 oll 2500 c
L-YYWmnn
1500 I I I +Conductivity 1000
500 - - 500 -SO4 0 -0 Q, 0, Q, Q, Q, 0 Q, 0 0 0 0 0 aa Q, C ? -? ? ? ? 9 9 -9 9 ? a? L P 0 P C * 90 a a, C 3 B a, a 7 u, 2 73 7 8 z 8 u, 73 7 8 t3 Date Figure A32: Surface Water Quality at Sump 2 NE Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration 6000 4500
5400 4050 n E 4800 3600 p vP 4200 3150 if v) 3600 2700 Oll nv) 3000 2250 C c" 0 2400 1800 1s E 1800 1350 8 1200 900 8 0 600 - 450 +SO4
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 I I 0 Figure A33: Surface Water Quality at Sump 2 NE Inter Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration
4500 I I 4500
4000 4000 hE 3500 3500 g v 3000 3ooOis v) a31 2500 c 2000
1500 +Conductivity
-0 =TDS
100o- 100o- 500 +SO4
I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I 01 I I I I I I I I0
Date Figure A34: Surface Water Quality at Sump 2 NW Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration 3500 3500
3000 3000 - E p. P
A 2500 2500 E 0 0 v) a dl 3 2000 2000 v) n 1500 1500 $ .I Ic, *E 1000 1 1000 g 0 +Conductivity c 0 500 * =TDS 500 0 I -SO4 It
I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I 0 I I I I I I 0 Figure A35: Surface Water Quality at Sump 3 NE Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration 4500 4500
4000 4000 n E 3500 3500 g W 3000
2500 v) 2500 n c 2m
1500
1000
500 500
Ol I I I I 1 I I I I I 0
Date Figure A36: Surface Water Quality at Sump 3 NE Inter Conductivity, TDS and Sulphate Concentration 4500 4500
4000 4000 n E 3500 Q 3500 Q v n 5 3000 3000 8 \ v) v)
2500 2500 v) ca 2000 2000 c" 0 .I CI (P L 1500 1500 CI E 1000 1000 E8 0 0 500 500 +SO4 t- 0 0 0) 0) 0) 0) m 0) 0 0 0 0
? ? ? ? ? ?4- 9 9 9 9 c L c Q P C P) a 2 3 a a 3 8 T r" z 7 Date 8 LL 7 3 z
APPENDIX 8-1 NOISE MONITORING RESULTS
APPENDIX 8-1 NOISE MONITORING RESULTS
MWH Final Report Page AB-1-1 ~oMtnYwAmmK4IIu Hang Hung Noise Monitoring Data in May 2001
70
45 Q, 1 40 - __
35-
30 i I I I I I I 8 &i P $i
s0 \ 0 P Time Hang Hung Noise Monitoring in March 2001
70 65
A n 60 n + + wa + m 55 wU
30 f I I I I I I I I T- P c c O ao80 cv cu Time Hang Hung Noise Monitoring Data in June 2001
80 4 75 70 1
40 ' 35 1 30 ! I I 1 I I I 8 8 8 6i cu cu F T- F ii
38 Time Hang Hung Noise Monitoring Data in July 2001
r r 45 Q, J 40
35
30 I I I 0 0 9 0 0 cu 7
Time Hang Hung Noise Monitoring Data in January 2001
70
65
I 40
35
30 ! I I I I 1 1 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 cu 0 cu 0 F F 05 B \cu \N F HF sF Time Hang Hung Noise Monitoring Data in February 2001
40 35
30 I I I I I I 0 9 iu 0
Time Hang Hung Noise Monitoring Data in April 2001
70
65
60 n ha 5 55 vot 50 v- 45 *. Ja, *. 40
35
30 I I I I I I I 8 0
cuE a3 cu Time Hua Fai Noise Monitoring Data in May 2001
70
65
h 60 ha A*- w w* 55 4 vU ** 50 A6 ** ** *- *& c - **** ****** *= ** *- 7 A* *** **** ** ** 45 A a ****/ .I .I 40
35
30 I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 cu 0 0 r
v- Time Hua Fai Noise Monitoring Data in March 2001
70
65 n /4 * v w Wa 60,~ m Wv 55 r + 7 W q 50 d + + + 45 + 40 i 1 I I I I I I I I I I
Time Hua Fai Noise Monitoring Data in June 2001
60 h ha g 55 W v 50 c 7 45
3 40
35 -l
uv I I I I I I I I I , I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0(D 0b 9 9 0 0 0 cu c3 d rc) a0 m 0 F cu 65 r p. r r r r F l- cu cu (u cu
Time Hua Fai Noise Monitoring Data in July 2001
70 1 i
35
0 0 0 0 90 F? 0 8 8 F? N cu 0 iu' 0 c T r r r 0 0 NB NE N \ B \ \ ?- N r- 0 0 r- \ iz \ \0 v) \0 r- d v) Time Hua Fai Noise Monitoring Data in January 2001
70
65 '
n 60 h
35
I , I 9 I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 m v In 7- s l- s s s s 7- s s T- 7 r T- 7 s .- z Time Hua Fai Noise Monitoring Data in February 2001 70 -. 65 60 35 30 I I I I I I I Time Hua Fai Noise Monitoring Data in April 2001 70 65 60 h 4 4 40 - wA 35 I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 cu 0 0 0 F F 7 F 5 F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 \cu \cu \cu \cu * \cu d 0 \8 \8 0 \ 0* \ Lo \ co b a0 Lo Time Hua King Noise Monitoring Data in May 2001 70 65 I I 60 n m'z- 55 v0 50 1= P 35 uv I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 d 0 0 0 0 0 0 8s 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 .i\i (3 d v) (D b 00 0, 0 cv Cr) 0 r (u c') d- r P T- r F r F F (u 6 cu cv c c P c Time Hua King Noise Monitoring Data in March 2001 65 n 60 n Wa m 55 35 0 G? v-cu c c Time Hua King Noise Monitoring Data in June 2001 70 65 A 60 55 0 I 0 4 4 50 35 I 30 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Hua King Noise Monitoring Data in July 2001 70 65 60 4 4 4 4 4 A 55 v 4 4 35 1 I I I I 30 ! I I I I I I I I I I I I r 0 0 0 0 i3 E; 0 0 0 0 0 0 \cu \cu \cu \cu \cu \cu b b b b 0 0 0 2, \ \ \ \ 6 6 \0 In In v) t t t F T- T- r r r Time Hua King Noise Monitoring Data in January 2001 80 75 70 + 40 35 30 ! I I I I I 8 0 F 8 \cu F sF Time Hua King Noise Monitoring Data in February 2001 80 I * + 75 70 - 55 r C 50 6 2 45 40 35 30 I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 cu 0 cu 0 0 T- 7 r 7 T- 7 0 r 0 0 0 0 0 0 E5 0 0 0 0 s 20 s0 s0 0 \ 2 \ 20 \ \ m \0 (D \ b a3 Y m T- (D T- T- 7 T- Time Hua King Noise Monitoring Data in April 2001 70 65 35 uv I t I 0 0 0 0 00 cu r r cu i (u APPENDIX 8-2 CURRENT PRACTICE AND STANDARDS VIBRATION CONTROLS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY APPENDIX 8-2 CURRENT PRACTICE AND STANDARDS: VIBRATION CONTROLS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY @ MWH Final Report Page A8-2-1 -WAl"m APPENDIX 8-2 CURRENT PRACTICE AND STANDARDS VIBRATION CONTROLS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY 1 CURRENT PRACTICE AND STANDARDS: VIBRATION CONTROLS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY This Appendix presents an overview on cwrent engineering practice and standards on vibration controls in the Mining Industry. 1.1 Ground Vibration Ground vibrations are seismic movements in the ground. Blasting creates a vibration or seismic wave transmitting through surrounding solid or ground, which may cause damage to the resident constructions in the nearby area. Vibration is usually measured in the forms of peak particle velocity and displacement initiated by a vibration wave. Vibration standard used to control blasting in mining operation in Thailand is shown in Table I. Table 1 Vibration Standard applied in Thailand Remarks: 1) Measuring device is in accordanit with IS0 4886 2) Monitoring a) At the boundary of a mining concession b) At the outer rim of a buffer zone c) vibration measurement should be in accordant with Standard DM 4150 (Table 2 and Figure 1) Final Report Page A&-2-2 APPENDIX 8-2 CURRENT PRACTICE AND STANDARDS VIBRATION CONTROLS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY Figure 1 Vibration Control Graph DIN Standard 4150 (West Germany, 1983) Factories or office buildings Residences Monuments and historic buildings 0 20 40 60 80 100 (Hz) freauency Source: Giogio Berta 1990, “Explosives: An Engineering Tool”, Italesplosvivi - Milana, 483pp. (Vibration velocity in mn-ds) German standard (DIN 4150-1983) recommends limiting values of peak particle velocity for different frequencies and types of structure (Table 2 and Figure 1). Table 2 Limiting values of vibration expressed in mds DIN Standard 4150 (Western Germany, 1983) Recording at the floor Type of structure Recording at the foundations of the highest storey of the building < 10Hz 10-50 HZ 50- 100 HZ Any frequency 1.Office or factory building 20 20 - 40 40 - 50 40 2 .Residential building with 5 5-15 15 -20 15 plastered walls 3. Historic and other 3 3-8 8- 10 8 buildings to be treated with care I With frequencies > 100 Hz higher levels may be accepted - ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ I Source: Giorgio Berta 1990 Exdosives: An Engineering Tool. Italesplasvivi - Milans, 483pp. @ MWH Final Report Page A8-2-3 MONlGWERY WATSON MUA APPENDIX 8-2 CURRENT PRACTICE AND STANDARDS VIBRATION CONTROLS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY Particle velocity and displacement are induced by wave propagation through solid media. Displacement is usually measured in all directions (vertical and longitudinal). Energy from the seismic waves is damped by distance depending on wave frequency. Highest frequency waves are damped fastest, thus, the predominant frequencies from blasting are: 0 high frequency at short distance 0 Lower frequency at longer distance Other similar standards to DIN 4150 are Australian standard AS2187-1983 and the OSM Regulation. In AS2187-1983, a maximum allowable peak particle velocity is recommended for different types of constniction as listed in Table 3. Table 3 Australian Standard AS 2187-1983 Construction Type Maximum allowable Peak Particle Velocity (PPV, mds) Concrete construction 20 Residences 10 Monuments and historic buildings 2 Blasting vibration impacts have been recorded for more than 40 years, and have been related to differing degrees of damage to residential buildings and construction types. This empirical type information presented in Table 4 is very helpful for understanding the relationship between a value of peak particle velocity and the degree of damage to structures. Table 4 Vibration velocities normally recommended in appraising ground vibration damage risk to residential buildings with respect to the foundation of the building. WaveVelocity,C 1 Typk&Fo;~~;tion Vibration Velocity m/sec V (mmlsec) 1000- IS00 Sand, gravel,clay, 9 13 18 30 40 60 underground water 2000 - 3000 Moraine slate, slate, 18 25 35 55 80 115 soft limestone 4500 - 6000 Granite, gneiss, hard 35 SO 70 100 1so 255 limestone, diabase, quartzite, sandstone Result in Typical Housing Structures Nab visible Fine Noticeable Severe cracking cracks, cracking cracking falling II plaster I I Final Report Page A8-2-4 APPENDIX 8-2 CURRENT PRACTICE AND STANDARDS VIBRATION CONTROLS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY Source: Stig 0 Olofsson. 1997. ADDlied Explosives Technolow for Construction and Mining. Second edition. APPLEX. ARLA.304pp. 2 AIR BLASTS Air blast is another unwanted effect from blasting. It results from the fact that the sound waves from blasting moves faster than the speed of sound in air. Audible airblast is called noise while air blasts at frequency below 20 Hz., which are inaudible to human ear, are called concussions. Air blast is measured and reported as an overpressure, which is an air pressure over and above atmospheric pressure. Overpressure is usually expressed in mbar, psi or in a noise unit such as decibels (dB). Overpressure values and degree of airblast effect are illustrated in Table 5 Table 5 Air Blast Effects Pressure psi mbar Air Blast Effects dBL 181 3.25 210 Structures severely damages 171 1.03 70 Most windows break 161 0.32 20 151 0.102 10 Some windows break 141 0.032 Some large date glass windows break 13 1 0.010 1 Loose windows may rattle 120 0.0030 Threshold of pain for continuous sound Complaints likely OSHA maximum for 15 minutes 110 I 0.00095 1 I I 100 I 0.00030 I I 90 0.000095 OSHA maximum for 8 hours 80 0.000030 Notes: Overpressure Conversions (dB and psi). dBL = 20 log(P/Po), where P = overpressure(mbarorpsi) Po = reference pressure = 2 x lo-’ mbar = 2.9 x lom9psi L = constant signifying linear frequency response Data modified from: I. TAMROCK 1995 : Surface Drilling and Blasting.pp 157-174. 2. Atlas Powder Company.1987. ExDlosives and Rock Blasting. Field Technical Operations, Atlas Powder Company, Dallas, Texas Table 6 lists recommended amount of explosives charged in holes using the same number of detonation delay as compared to that for the control of ground vibration within 70 mm/s (risk level = 0.03) @ MWH Final Report Page A8-2-5 MONTGOMMYWATSONHIIU* APPENDIX 8-2 CURRENT PRACTICE AND STANDARDS VIBRATION CONTROLS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY Table 6 Maximum momentary explosive charge (kg) as a function of distance from blast site Expected Maximum explosive charge Distance Permitted oscillation 1 momenm 1 from site, R Air pressure velocity To control To keepvibration level (mbar) (m) (mm/s) Air pressure I within 0.03* d , 50 I 10 1 70 I 7 I 11 I , 100 10 70 33 33 1 200 5 70 90 90 ' 300 I 5 I 70 180 I 160 i 400 5 70 I 440 I 240 1 I500 5 70 850 340 1 600 5 70 1480 440 700 5 70 2500 560 I I I I I 800 I 5 I 70 3500 I 680 I 900 5 70 5100 820 ' 1000 5 70 I 6800 950 2.1 Causes of air blast Atlas Power Company (1987) has reviewed and described four causes of air blast as follows APP-Air pressure pulse; produced from direct rock displacement at the face or mounding at the blasthole collar. RPP-Rock pressure; produced from the vibrating ground. GRP-Gas release pulse: gas escaping from the detonating explosive through rock fractures. 0 SRP-Stemming release pulse; gas escaping from the blown-out stemming. Among the four causes, GRP and SRP are the main contributors to air blast damage and complaints. They are also the most controllable in blast design. RPP is the first pressure to arrive at a recording station which is gemrated by the vertical components of ground motion. APP is the second pulse to arrive, via air, at the recording station. The top portion of explosive in each hole or in face holes will act as APP source. Close in to the blast, the effects of blast timii can usuraily be detected by the sharp peaks on the waveform. At large distanws or behind the face, this becomes obvious because of a loss in high frequencies. @ MWH Find Report Page A8-2-6 ~w4lwNHuu APPENDIX 8-2 CURRENT PRACTICE AND STANDARDS VIBRATION CONTROLS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY Bauer et al. (1 978) has listed elements and conditions that can enhance the above four main causes of air blast as follows. 0 Detonating cord trunk lines and downlines; 0 Lack of proper stemming materials; 0 Inadequate stemming height; 0 Overdug or overloaded fiont row of holes in premature burden movement; 0 Drill patterns too small or large; 0 Delay sequence; 0 Atmospheric conditions; 0 Secondary blasting; 0 Gas escape through fractures; 0 Mud seams providing an easy path for explosive gases into air at fiee surface; Source: (Bauer, A., Calder, P., Crosby, W., & Brennan, M. (1987). Engineering For Open Pit Mines Kingston, Ontario : Queen's University. 2.2 Psycho-physiological response of air blast and vibration Atlas Powder Company published a discussion concerning psychophysiological response of humans to air blast and vibration in 1987. Stated causes of complaints involving vibration and air blast are mainly due to the annoyance effect, fear of damage, and the startling effect rather than actual damage. The human body is very sensitive to low vibration and air blast levels, but unfortunately it is not a reliable damage indicator. Air blast levels of over 120 dBL will produce some degree of annoyance and fright. Thus, in some cases psychophysiological perception of the blast is more important than numerical values of the ground vibration and air blast. 2.3 Noise Standard for noise control for mining activities set by the Ministry of Science and Technology and Environment- 1998 Table 7 Thailand Noise Standard for Mining Activities Activities Standards Value Rock blasting Maximum Sound Pressure Not greater than 115 dBA Level, L,, Crushing plant Equivalent Sound Level, L,, Not greater than 70 dBA 24 hours Equivalent Sound Level, Ls Not greater than 75 dBA I 8 hours I @ MWH Final Report Page AB-2-7 MOWGOMERYWATSON HAW APPENDIX 8-2 CURRENT PRACTICE AND STANDARDS VIBRATION CONTROLS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY 3 REFERENCES Atlas Powder Company. 1987. “Explosives and Rock Blasting”, Field Technical Operations, Atlas Powder Company, Dallas, Texas Bauer, A., Calder, P., Crosby, W., & Brerman, M. 1987. “Engineering For Open Pit Mines Kingston”, Ontario : Queen’s Unive:rsity. Giorgio Berta 1990. “Explosives: An Engineering Tool”, Italesplasvivi - Milano, 483pp. Notification of Ministry of Science, “Technology and Environment”, BE. 2537( 1994) dated August 23,1996) Stig 0 Olofsson. 1997. “Applied Explosives Technology for Construction and Mining”, Second edition. APPLEX. ARLA .304pp. TAMROCK 1995. “Surface Drilling and Ellasting”, pp 157-174. @ MWH Final Report MOWWNEWWAIWNMUA APPENDIX 8-3 MONTHLY VIBRATION REPORTS APPENDIX 8-3 MONTHLY VIBRATION mpowrs @ MWH Final Report -W4mUUU4 APPENDIX 8-3 MONTHLY VIBRATION REPORTS Vibration monitoring November,2000 -- Loo 7---Standards + Public Relation Building m HuaiKing x ChangPuekcave ++.,+++ A a power line post + , , , , , , 1 I - 1 100 Vibration monitoring in December,2000 - -c -standards 1 Not safearea + Public Relation Building Safe area x Huai King + x ChangPuekcave + ++ ++ 1- + A ''- A apowrlinepost 1 10 101 Frequency (Hz) Final Report Pwt?A8-3-2 APPENDIX 8-3 MONTHLY VIBRATION REPORTS Vibration monitoring in January,2001 v) 100 1 E E 1 -Standards I A Chang Puekcave xx area x Public Relation Y Building. 3 , x, , 1 p.1 I 1 10 100 Frequency (Hz) Vibration monitoring in February,2001 - -Standards + Huai King Temple 1 i x Hang Hung Temple X %x , , ,X , , , X, 0.1 XR x, L 1 Freque@y (Hz) 100 @ MWH Final Report Page A8-3-3 MOmWERYWA WN HARZA APPENDIX 8-3 MONTHLY VIBRATION REPORTS Vibration monitoring in MarchJ00 3 v) 100 1 7 \ E -Standards Lc c Safe area A Chang Puek cave -'8 10 9 xx 4- Huai King Temple -aJ V *X X4% .- 1 -~ X ti XX Hang Hung Temple (II A P + Y X (II X Public Relation a! 0.1 ! '--LL ___ Building 1 10 100 Frequency (Hz) Vibration monitoring in April,2001 v) 100 t 2E -Standards Chang Puekcave 10 Temple m PuMk Relation Building 1 1 10 100 Frequency (Hz) @ MWH Final Report Page A8-3-4 uwmQLmy)*IRoIyluRzI APPENDIX 8-3 MONTHLY VIBRATION REPORTS Vibration monitoring in May,2001 \ -Standards E Not safe E - area .- lo-/ Safe A Chang Puek cave - Temple aJ> -aJ X X a power line post .-U X X m X ifn lt Y A m X Public Relation 1 Building 2! 0.1 - 1 10 100 Frequency (Hz) Vibration monitoring .n June,2001 2 100 \ E -Standards E Not safe E area U Chang Puek cave cu 10 Temple 0 - X X >aJ m Safe A a power line post -Q, X A %%XX area .u 1 A Huai King Temple tim & xs A n Y m A X Public Relation 2 0.1 L Buildinq 10 100 Frequency (Hz) @ MWH Final Report Page A8-3-5 MONT(i0MmyWATSON- APPEND IX 8-3 MONTHLY VIBRATION REP 3RTS November, 2000 Measurement station Public Relation Building. - ~~ 10.47 BP 2023976 2023987 766 so 1.33 5.8 15.30 EGAT 2023985 2023987 2520 130 undetectable undetectable 15.00 EGAT 2023985 2023987 2496 145 undetectable undetectable 19 16.30 BP 2023976 2023985 776 37.5 1.3 1.3 ~ 16.45 BP 2023977 2023989 897 125 3.16 6.2 20 10.36 BP 2023980 2023988 1647 125 1.93 6.2 I 16.16 1 BP 1 2023978 1 2023989 I 1349 I 125 1 1.68 I 3.6 1 1.20 EGAT 2023985 2023987 2516 140 undetectable undetectable 21 16.30 BP 2023977 2023986 900 37.5 1.05 5.2 17.30 EGAT 2023989 2023995 3 847 190 undetectable undetectable 22 10.13 CMC 2023987 2023985 2910 187 1.37 3.8 14.35 EGAT 2023989 2023995 3867 190 14.20 BP 2023980 2023989 1635 125 1.77 6.6 Measurement station Haui King (S 22, W 25) Who do the Blasting point Measur J level I Date Time blasting UTM-N(m) UTM-E(m) 25 14.20 BP 2023976 2023985 2505 37.5 undetectable undetectable Measurement station Hang Hung Who do the Blasting poist Distance Explosive Measured level Date Time UTM-N(m) UTM-E (m) (m.) (kgJDelay) PPV (mds.) Freq. (Hz.) 25 17.00 SE-QUW 5300 NIA undetectable undetectable @ MWH Final Report -WAlSONWUA APPENDIX 8-3 MONTHLY VIBRATION REPORTS December, 2000 Measurement station, Public Relation Bldg. Who do Blasting point Distance Explosive Measured level Date Time the blasting UTM-N (m) UTM-E (m) (m.) (kg./Delay) PPV (mm/s.) Freq. (Hz.) 10.34 BP 2023980 2023988 1602 125 1.20 3.3 18 1 10.47 I BP I 2023976 I 2023987 I 766 I 50 I 1.33 I 5.8 1%)EGAT I 2023985 1 2023987 I 2520 1 130 1 undetectable I undetectable 15.00 EGAT 2023985 2023987 2496 145 undetectable undetectable 19 16.30 BP 2023976 2023985 776 37.5 1.37 1.3 16.45 BP 2023977 2023989 897 125 3.16 6.2 20 10.36 BP 2023980 2023988 1647 125 1.93 6.2 16.16 BP 2023978 2023989 1349 125 1.68 3.6 I 11.20 I EGAT I 2023985 I 2023987 I 2516 I 140 I undetectable I undetectable 21 16.30 BP 2023977 2023986 900 37.5 1.05 5.2 17.30 EGAT 2023989 2023995 3847 190 undetectable undetectable 10.13 CMC 2023987 2023985 2910 187 1.37 3.8 22 14.35 EGAT 2023989 2023995 3897 190 undetectable undetectable 14.20 BP 2023980 2023989 1635 125 1.77 6.3 Measurement station Huai King Date Time Whodothe Blasting point Distance Explosive Measured level blasting UTM-N (m) UTM-E (m) (m.) (@./Delay) PPV (mm/s.) Freq. (Hz) 245 14.20 BP 2023976 2023985 2505 37.5 undetectable undetectable Measurement station Hang Hung I Date 1 Time 1 Whoblasting do the 1 Distance(m.) I Explosive 111 (@./Delay) PPV (mmls.) Freq. (Hz) 25 17.00 SE-QUW 5300 NIA undetectable undetectable @ MWH Final Report Page A8-3- 7 MOM'GOMW WATSON HAM APPENDIX 8-3 MONTHLY VIBRATION REPORTS January, 2001 Measurement station, Public Relation Bldg. Who do the Blasting point 1 Distace 1 Explosive I Measuretllevel blasting UTM-N(m) I UTM-E(m) (kg./Delay) PPV (mmh.) Freq. (Hz) 11.30 EGAT 2023989 2023993 3650 165 undetectable undetectable 19 16.45 BP 2023976 2023986 779 25 1.74 7.6 17.00 BP 2023978 2023987 1213 50 4.29 6.9 10.38 BP 2023979 2023988 1508 125 2.2 4.4 20 16.43 BP 2023976 2023986 754 50 1.67 6.9 17.10 BP 2023979 2023987 1440 125 4.12 5.3 21 16.41 BP 2023976 2023986 78 1 50 1.23 7.1 16.55 BP 2023978 2023987 1181 125 1.92 7.3 14.30 EGAT 2023989 2023994 3835 250 undetectable undetectable 22 17.15 BP 2023978 2023988 1320 125 2.74 5.6 I 17.30 I BP I 2023976 I 2023985 I 613 I 50 I 2.40 I 5.2 WEGAT I 2023985 I 2023987 I 2442 I 150 I undetectable 1undetectable 23 15.00 2023985 2023987 160 undetectable undetectable 16.40 2023976 2023986 50 1.68 7.2 16.54 2023977 2023988 1109 125 2.23 4.7 24 09.40 EGAT 2023989 2023990 3562 130 undetectable undetectable 14.10 BP 2023977 2023988 1109 125 2.89 5.2 c Measurement station Chang Puek cave Who do the Measured level Date Time blasting PPV (mmls.) Freq. (Hz) I (m.1 26 17.12 SE-QUR~XY 150 14.8 30 Measurement station HUai King m51 BP I 2023980 I 2023988 I 3253 I 50 I undetectable I undetectable I Measurement station Hang Hung Who do the Blasting point Distance Explosive Measured level Fate 1 Time I blasting UTM-N (m) I UTM-E (m) (m.) (kgJDelay) PPV(mm/s) 1 Freq.(Hz) 114-116.15 I BP I 2023977 1 2023986 I 3540 I 75 I undetectable I undetectable 1 Final tbport APPENDIX 8-3 MONTHLY VIBRATION REPORTS February 12-16,2001 Measurement by PCD / EGAT Location : Hang Hung Temple Who do the Distance Explosive Date Time PPV.(mm/s. (m.) kg/delay Freq.(Hz) PPV/Freq. 12 10.14 BP 2023978 2023989 4084 37.5 0.14 2.3 undetectable 14.08 CMC 2023987 2023984 5203 62.5 0.2 1 2.0 0.7212.0 13111.10 1 EGAT 1 2023977 I 2023988 I 3867 125 0.41 I 18 undetectable I- I I ~ I I I ,I I I 13.43 BP 202399 I 2023985 6022 250 0.13 18 undetectable 14.58 BP 2023990 2023994 6655 120 undetectable undetectable I 13.048 I CMC I 2023989 I 2023983 1 5593 I 200 I undetectable I undetectable 14 13.57 CMC 2023991 2023984 5977 110 undetectable undetectable 14.07 CMC 2023988 2023988 5803 220 undetectable undetectable 11.02 EGAT 2023990 2023995 6700 120 undetectable undetectable 15 11.23 BP 2023976 2023986 3473 50 0.32 I 21.0 undetectable 11.35 BP 2023976 2023986 3473 50 0.29 18 undetectable 11.44 BP 2023982 2023989 4665 125 0.37 16 undetectable 14.05 CMC 2023989 2023984 5690 225 0.2 1 2.6 undetectable 09.47 CMC 2023990 2023984 5757 330 0.30 3.9 undetectable 10.01 CMC 202399 1 2023984 5983 250 0.16 2.4 undetectable 16 13.36 CMC 2023990 2023984 5791 330 0.14 3.7 undetectable 13.41 CMC 2023990 2023984 5881 112 undetectable undetectable 15.21 EGAT 2023989 2023995 6568 170 undetectable undetectable I 15.31 I EGAT I 2023990 I 2023995 I 6707 I 235 I 0.14 I 7.5 I undetectable Measurement station Huai King I Date 1 Time I w;s;j: 1 Blastin; point { Dizce I Explosive 1 Measure; level I UTM-N (m) UTM-E (m) (&./Delay) PPV (mm/s.) Freq. (Hz) 14 10.45 BP 2023978 2023988 2,770 225 0.2 1 2.8 @ MWH Final Report Page AB-3-9 MON?WMEWWA~HJW APPENDIX 8-3 MONTHLY VIBRATION REPORTS March, 2001 Measurement station (Unit 1-3 N 6.5 W 1 1.1) Public Relation Bldg. Measurement station Chang Puek cave Measured level Date Time Wbqo.:;tphe Dry I 1 1 I 1 PPV(mn/s.) I Freq.(€Iz) r 26 I 17.05 I SE-Quany I 496 I 0.62 I 16.0 I Measurement station Huai King (S 22, W 25) Distance Explosive Measulwl level Date Time UTM-N (m) UTM-E (w) I I I wti:Lghe 1-1 (m,) 1 (@./Delay) PPV(mm/r) 1 Freq.(Hz) 19 14.05 CMC 2023989 I 2023986 I 4,972 250 I 0.38 1 2.4 I Measurement station Hang Hung (S 25.2, W 1.1) I 19 I 14.32 I BP I 2023978 I 2023988 I 4,000 I 50 I 0.19 I 15.0 I Find Report Page A8-3-10 APPENDIX 8-3 MONTHLY VIBRATION REPORTS April, 2001 Measurement station (Unit 1-3 N 6.5 W 1 1.1) Public Relation Bldg. Measured level Date PPV (mm/s.) Freq. (Hz.) 5 10.20 I BP I 2023977 I 2023988 I 1,606 I 50 + 10.30 I BP I 2023978 I 2023988 I 1,590 I 50 13.50 CMC 202399 1 2023985 2,748 350 16.30 BP 2023975 2023986 1,356 50 4.83 16.0 09.50 I CMC I 2023988 I 2023985 1 2,183 1 312 2.67 I 4.1 10.00 I CMC I 2023988 I 2023985 I 2,232 I 312 10.32 BP 2023980 2023987 1,34 1 100 14.10 CMC 2023988 2023985 2,263 200 3.44 I 14.0 16.30 I BP I2023975 I2023986 I 1,302 I 50 2.73 I 17.0 08.35 I CMC I2023988 I2024080 I 2,201 I250 11.00 BP 2023980 2023987 1,322 100 %-ff 13.17 CMC 2023988 2023986 2,2 18 315 3.62 16.34 I SE I2023975 I2023987 I 1,386 I 50 3.70 I 16.0 16.43 BP 2023980 2023987 1,331 100 16.52 SE 2023975 2023986 1,285 50 8 11.43 BP 2023976 2023987 1,284 100 3.17 I 5.4 13.26 I CMC I2023991 I 2023987 I 2,904 I200 2.10 I 4.1 16.31 I CMC I2023991 I2023985 12,685 I200 2.2 1 I 4.4 __~ 09.27 CMC 2023991 2023987 2,824 400 10.52 BP 2023979 2023989 1,622 50 9 13.42 CMC 2023992 2023985 2,840 200 1.70 I 6.0 16.38 I BP I2023975 I 2023987 I 1,440 I 50 16.53 BP 2023981 2023987 1,347 50 - 17.10 BP 2023979 2023988 1,592 50 1.44 Measurement station Chang Puek cave Who do the Distance Measured level Date I Time I blasting 1 (m.) PPV (mm/s.) I Freq. (Hz) 23 17.26 5, 7 286 9.14 51 @ MWH Final Report Page A8-3-1 I MoMtoMmy WATSON hum APPENDIX 8-3 MONTHLY VIBRATION REPORTS Measurement station Huai King (S 22, W 25) Whodothe , Blasting point Distance Explosive Measured level Date Time UTM-N(m) UTM-E(m) (m.) (&./Delay) PPV (mm/s.) Freq. w) 20 09.05 CMC 202399 1 2023986 5,597 300 undetectable undetectable Measurement station Hang Hung (S 25.2, W 1.1) b i Whodothe Blasting point Distance Explosive Measured level Date Time UTM-N(m) UTM-E(m) (m.) (&./Delay) PPV (mmh.) Freq. (Hz.) 20 14.10 EGAT 2023992 2023994 6,034 190 undetectable undetectable Page AB-3-12 APPENDIX 8-3 MONTHLY VIBRATION REPORTS May, 2001 Measurement station: (unit 1-3 N 6.5, W 1 1.1) Public Relation Bldg. Date Time Whodo the Blasting point Distance Explosive Measured level blasting UTM-N (m) UTM-E (m) (m.) (kg./Delay) PPV (mm/s.) Freq. (Hz.) 9 16.37 BP 2023976 2023987 1,401 50 3.41 4.6 16.45 SE 2023976 2023986 1,183 37.5 4.05 16 I 10 I 16.40 1 BP 1 2023975 I 2023987 1 1,405 I 50 I 1.94 1 16 15.10 BP 2023978 2023986 1,180 50 1.90 4.4 11 16.58 BP 2023976 2023987 1,283 50 3.29 18 17.25 . BP 2023982 2023992 2,432 50 1.81 18 12 14.30 CMC 2023995 2023983 3,393 250 0.62 5.2 16.50 SE 2023976 2023986 1,123 375 2.54 17 13 09.45 CMC 2023989 2023986 2,545 375 2.32 4.8 9.53 CMC 2023990 2023987 2,603 3 12 0.73 4.1 17.28 SE 2023976 2023986 1,159 375 2.75 13 Measurement station :Huai King (S 22, W 25) h I I I I I I d Who do the Blasting point Distance Explosive Measured level Date Time blasting UTM-N (m) UTM-E (m) (m.) (kg./Delay) PPV (mm/s.) Freq. (Hz.) 15 10.03 BP 2023977 2023986 1,191 50 0.25 23 Measurement station :Hang Hung (S 25.2, W 1.1) Who do the Blasting point Distance Explosive Measured level Date Time UTM-N (m) UTM-E (m) (m.) (kg./Delay) PPV (mm/s.) Freq. (Hz.) 21 08.56 CMC 2023990 20239 88 2,883 375 0.16 9.5 Who do the Blasting point Distance Measured level Date Time blasting UTM-N(~)I UTM-E~~) (m.) PPV (mm/s.) I Frea. (Hz.1 ~ ~ ~. 14 17.15 SE-Quarry 2023977 2023975 1513 undetectable undetectable Measurement station: Saha Heng Dumping / Power line Post. Who do the Blasting point Distance Measured level Date Time blasting UTM-N (m) UTM-E (m) (m.) PPV (mm/s.) Freq. (Hz.) 21 17.10 SE-QUW 2023978 860 0.87 11 Final Report Page A8-3-13 APPENDIX 8-3 MONTHLY VIBRATION REPORTS June, 2001 Measurement station :(S 5, W 19) Public Relation Bldg. Whodothe Blasting point Distance Explosive I Measured level Date I Time 1 , 1 blasting UTM-N (m) UTM-E (m) (m.) (kg./Delay) I PPV (mm/s.) I Freq. (€I@ 15 I 16.33 BP 2023975 2023986 50 I 1.03 I 7.5 22 I 14.28 ITD 2023976 202399 1 1,432 100 I 1.38 I 4.4 1:; 1:; 1 2023974 1 2023991 1 1:; 75 0.63 6.5 +15.09 2023976 2023987 75 2.78 9.5 29 I 10.40 ITD 2023975 2023990 1,170 60 I 1.81 I 6.9 Measurement station :Huai King (S 20.3, W 28) Whodothe 1 Blastin: point ~i;:: 1 Explosive 1 Measur: level 1 Date Time blasting UTM-N (m) UTM-E (m) (kg./Delay) PPV (mm/s.) Freq. (Hz) 22 14.28 ITD 2023976 2023991 2,167 100 0.83 7.4 27 14.02 ITD 2023974 2023991 1,884 75 0.60 5.1 29 10.40 ITD 2023975 2023990 1,940 60 1.51 27 Measurement station :Hang Hung (S 25.2, W 1.1) Who do the Blasting point Distance Explosive Measured level Date Time blasting (m.) (@./Delay) 20 13.43 2023989 2023987 5,739 250 0.29 4.2 13.56 2023992 2023985 6,375 150 0.2 1 NIA 14.03 CMC 2023992 2023984 6,235 200 0.2 1 NIA ~~ Measurement station :Chang Puek cave Date Time I 1 1 1 '7;;"" PPV (mm/s.) Freq. (Iiz.1 @ MWH Final Report Page R8-3-14 AwmwoMmwAmnAu4 APPENDIX 8-3 MONTHLY VIBRATION REPORTS Remarks: Abbreviations Full name Working pit/Ouarrv BP Ban Po0 (Public) Co.Ltd. NW CMC Chieng Mai Construction Co.Ltd. c1 EGAT Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand ITD Ital-Thai Development (Public) Co.Ltd. SW SE Saha-Heng Engineering Co.Ltd. QuarrY @ MWH Final Report Page AB-3-15 MONWOMERV WA73oN HARZA APPENDIX 10-1 DOCUMENTARY REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES ON SOCIAL ISSUES APPENDIX 10-1 DOCUMENTARY REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES ON SOCIAL ISSUES @ MWH Final Report Page AIO-1-1 ~wAlsmm4u4 APPENDIX 10-1 DOCUMENTARY REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES ON SOCIAL ISSUES The establishment of the Mae Moh Power Plant and Mine will inevitably have an impact on the local environmental and social conditions, both positively and negatively. The negative impacts will need to be minimised. In terms of the impact on quality of life, several previous studies have been carried out and these reviewed in this section. According to the UN-ESCAP definition, the term quality of life may refer to the state of the villagers and their communities in terms of health, knowledge, employment, life and assets, social opporhmity and equity. However, the Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board of the Thai Government (ONESDB, 1996) has developed a set of six indicators of quality of life. These are: The fundamental infrastructure indicator, consisting of seven issues - land right documentation; electricity; communications; community business; wood for fuel and general usage; animal for work; and rights to work in the villagers’ own lands. The products, income and employment indicator, consisting of nine issues - occupation and employment; wages; farm produce; orchard produce; other occupations; migration for work opportunities; farmers’ grouping; loan sources for production; and dry season cultivation. The public health and sanitation indicator, consisting of seven issues - public health service within the village; nursing and medical care; housing sanitation; health and sanitation; weights of newly born infants; lack of nutritious substances; and family planning. The water sources indicator, consisting of four issues - clean water; drinking water sources; water usage; and water for agriculture. The education and culture indicator, consisting of seven issues - educational qualification of the people; enrolment rate; government’s educational provision; knowledge provision on quality of life:, community learning places; information service places; and religious, cultural and sport activities. The noltural resources and environment indicator, consisting of three issues - forestry, soils, and water. These six indicators have been applied nationally to investigate the quality of life level of every Thai village every five years. The information presented in this study are the results of studies of Mae Moh villages, which were carried out in 1996 by the Office of the Mae Moh District Community Development. Current data was collected in early 2001 but has not yet been published. Although there is no distinct boundary between social and other aspects of actual village life, this social survey of quality of life in Mae Moh villages focussed on three related social aspects: (a) product, income and employment (b) public health and sanitation (c) education and culture. Final Report Page AlO-1-2 APPENDIX 10-1 DOCUMENTARY REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES ON SOCIAL ISSUES The findings of this study are reproduced in Tables 1 to 5. In these tables, the development level or the quality of life that is above average is assigned the number 3, an average is assigned the number 2, and below average assigned the number 1. The other numbers under the three related social aspects represent each issue of the quality aspect’. Therefore the quality of life of the twelve sampled villages of this social survey could be described under the development conditions of their sub-districts as follows: Mae Moh sub-district has 7 villages. Its average quality of life under 6 aspects was found to be above average. The sample of this social study, Huai Pet, and Hang Hung villages were assigned an above average quality of life, while Huai King’s quality was average. The three villages shared the same problems in educational issues - the government’s provision of knowledge and education, and knowledge provision on life quality. Hang Hung had problems of land right documentation, nursing and medical care, and water for agriculture, while Huai Pet had problems in farm and orchard produce, and nursing and medical care. Moh Luang village’s life quality was above average (Table 1). Nearly half of Jang Nua sub-district’s indicators of life quality were below average. These were the land right documentation, community business, housing sanitation, weights of newly born infants, clean water, using water, and cultural and sport activities. For Pong Tan, the sample village, quality was below average, while Tan and Kor Ruag villages were average. The social issues that were below average consisted of wages, orchard produce, housing sanitation, weights of newly born infants, and religious, cultural and sport activities. Pong Taen village had serious problems in occupation and employment, farm and orchard produce, dry season cultivation, most public health, educational qualification level, knowledge provision for life quality, and appropriate activities for cultural an sports. In addition, water for agriculture was the core problem of most villages in this sub-district, except in Na Chae village (Table 2). ’ Table of the three social indicators’ issues by numbers 1. Product, Income and Employment 2. Public Health and Sanitation (1) Occupation and employment (1) Public health service in village (2) Wage (2) Nursing care (3) Dry Season cultivation (3) Home Sanitation (3) Farms produce (4) Health and sanitation (4) Orchards’ produce (5) Weight of newly born infants (5) Other occupations (6) Lack of nutritious substances of children from (6) Migration for job Finding birth to 5 years old (7) Farmers’ grouping (7) Family planning (8) Loan Sources for production 3. Education and Culture (1) Educational qualification level of people (2) Enrolment rate of people (3) Government’s provision of knowledge and education (4) Knowledge provision for life quality (5) Community learning place (6) Information service place (7) Religious, cultural and sport activities @ MWH Final Report Page AIO-1-3 MONTGOMERYWATSONHAW APPENDIX 10-1 DOCUMENTARY REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES ON SOCIAL ISSUES (c) Na Sak sub-district’s life quality was average. Only one social issue was found to be below average - knowledge provision for life quality. Mae Jang and Sob Jang, the sample villages of this social study, had average life quality. The two villages faced problems of occupations, migration for job findings, dry season cultivation, weights of newly born infants, educational qualification level, and low enrollment rate of schooling children (Table 3). Three out of seven portions of Ban Dorig sub-district’s life quality were below average. Lack of water for agriculture was ti serious problem in every village. Hua Fai and Ta Si, the sample of this social study, had average life quality. The social issues below average consisted of occupations, migration to find jobs, dry season cultivation, weights’ of newly born infants, and knowledge provision for life quality (Table 4). (d) Two out of three portions of the Sob Pad sub-districts had below average life quality. The social indicators of Sob Pad and Pong Ton Pin, the sample villages of this social study, indicated their life quality to be below average. These were occupation and employment, farm produce, occupations, migration to find job, dry season cultivation, nursing and medical care, weights of newly born infants, and knowledge provision for life quality (Table 5). @ MWH Final Report Page A 10-1-4 MoNmOmwWIT8011)(r(RU APPENDIX 10-1 DOCUMENTARY REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES ON SOCIAL ISSUES Table 1 :Village Development Level of Evaluation Results of Mae Moh Sub-district, Mae Moh District in 1996. Development Product Public Health Education Village - Level 1234567891234567 1234567 V. 1 Huai Pet, Huai Khamin 3 33 333 2222333 3311323 V. 2 Viang Sawan na na na na na na na Na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na V. 3 Hang Hung 3 33 322 3132333 3211333 V. 4 Moh Luang, Mon, Hua tung 3 3321233313222333 3222332 V. 5 Pong Chai 2 3311 33323312313 3322332 V. 6 Huai King 2 3311 333 2132133 3211333 V. 7 Na khaem, Huai Rag Mai, 3 131 333 3232323 3212332 ______---_-______I__--_.Ta-Patun .______--_-----~~~~----~~~----~--~~------.-~~-~..~~~-~~-~--~------.------__I______---- Total 1= 0 10330000102101100043000 2- 2 0010101112326010 0423013 1= 4 5600065504130546 6200653 Remark : 3 = *** (Above average criteria), 2 = ** (Within average criteria), 1 = * (Below average criteria) Development Product Public Health Education Village Level 1234567891234567 123 4 5 6 7 V. 1 Pong Taen 1 1311 32 121131131 3 3 132 1 V. 2 Na Chae 3 332 322223232231332333 V.3 KorRuag 2 332 11333 11223213 3 3 3 133 3 V.4 Tan 2 3321 32 132232132 131323 123312 1121323 ______-_-V. 5 Wang Tom 1 3 3 3 113 2 2 11------I--- Total 1= 2 101420004221014032 0 4 0 0 1 2- 2 00300042122403101011030 3= 1 45100511011051051 3 40 524 @ MWH Final Report Page AlO-1-5 yoMGoMEllyWArsON HAWX APPENDIX 10-1 DOCUMENTARY REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES ON SOCIAL ISSUES Table 3 :Village Development Level of Evaluation Results of Na-Sak Sub-district, Mae Moh District in 1996. Development Product Public Health Education Village I Level 1234567891234567-1 2 3 4 5 6 7 V. 1 Mae Jang 2 332 1122133221232 1223 3 2 V. 2 Pang Puai 2 33211322132232332 132 3 3 3 V. 3 Wing-Nam-Tong, Sob- 2 33 11322133233331 3 2 132 3 Luang V. 4 Na -Sak 2 32231133332333 V. 5 M.i Ratanakosin 2 33221132222333 2 33321331 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 1 ---_----_----__--__Il______l 2-2 332333__L_-__--- 0 00004302 2 0 100 0 7 03531114136011 0 74242361 4 4 0 7 6 6 Remark : 3 = (Above average criteria), 2 = *4 (Witbin avenge criteria), 1= (Wow average criteria) Table 4 :Village Development Level of Evaluation Results of Ban Dong Sub-district, Mae Moh District in 1996. Development Product Public Health Education Level 12345678912345671 234567 V.l Ht18hi 332 1133122331332 3 2 122 3 v.2 Dong 13212133132333333 33 1233 V.3 Ta-Si 23 11322122331333231233 V. 4 J8m hi 33 1131 1 22331331 131223 v.5 mag 3311 31 1 2213 322 1212 2 3 V. 6 Mae Sam 3311131 1 32132333 12 123 3 V. 7 Suan Pa (Mae Moh) ~ Total 1= 2- 4 10201022047001013 2 40 7 3 7 3- 0 5 7000522030571763 2 3 0 0 4 7 firnark : 3 **I(Above avenge critcrh), 2 = *4 (Within 8vcf43c criteria), 1 = (&bw avcrrge criteria) Final Report Page AIO-1-6 APPENDIX 10-1 DOCUMENTARY REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES ON SOCIAL ISSUES Table 5 :Village Development Level of Evaluation Results of Sob-Pad Sub-district, Mae Moh District in 1996. Development Product Public Health Education Village Level 12345678912345671234567 V. 1 Sob-Pad, Pong-Ton-Pin 1 131 1133131331232231332 V.2 Sob-Tern 2 23 1112 31333312332333 V. 3 Suan-Pa Mae Jang 3 33 2222 32223331323333 V. 4 Sob-Moh, Ban Huai 2 33 122 11123332321331 tTAdlHuai Rak Mai 23111122 31323333112332 1= t2 102 134 10 31114101011112001 t 2= 2 20001 134001130103122002 3= 1 25000011140324441321552 Remark : 3 = *** (Above average criteria), 2 = ** (Within average criteria), 1 = * (Below average criteria) Final Report Page AIO-1-7 APPENDIX 10-1 DOCUMENTARY REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES ON SOCIAL ISSUES When comparing the average criteria of the ONESDB’s indicators with othm related research and documents, the fmdings Erom the previous studies (focusing on employment, health, and education) may be summarised as follows: The Mae Moh district population is 39,168 from 12,543 households, and is administratively divided into 5 sub-districts, namely, Mae Moh, Ban Dong, Sob-Pad, Na-Sak, and Jang-Nua. About 67% (the majority) of the population is OF a workforce age (15-60 years old), 24.15% are children (between 0-14 years old), and about 8.37% (or the smallest proportion) are the aged (over 60 years old). About 50% of the district population resides in Mae Moh sub-district where the EGAT Power Plant is situated. According to the Government life quality criteria, family sanitation is generally good, but their health is not as good as it should be. A number of reports indicated that: (1) the death rate increased from 6.33% in 1997 to 8.74% in 1998, while the birth rate reduced, resulting in a nett population increase of 0.36% over this period; (2) there was an increasing incidence of patients sueering from bronchitis, particularly in Mae Moh sub-district. The number of patients with respiratory tract infection increased from 480.55 (for 1,000-population ratio) in 1995 to 582.86 in 199t12. It was also found that the highest ratio of such patients was in Mae Moh sub-district, where the power plant and some parts of the mine3 are located. In 1999, 18.63% of the patients who visited EGAT’s mobile clinic, had respiratory tract infection, and this increased to 37.20% during October 1999 - January 2000. The ONESDB’s report (2001: 30) reported that there was an increased rate of 40.90% of such infections among patients who came to the EGAT’s medical service unit in 2001. A comparative three years study (cited in ONESDB, 2001: 30) indicated that there was no significant difference in (lung) pulmonary function development among 8-13 years old students in Mae Moh, Muang Pam,and Muang districts. There was no significant correlation between their pulmonary function capacity and the changing levels of sulphur dioxide, but the dust level (PM-10) had had an effect. Psychological effects related to the villagers’ chronic hedth problems were found among the villagers, particularly, the elderly and housewives. They (particularly, the people in Hang Hung, Huai Pet, Sop Moh, Huai King, and Hua Fai villages) did not trust the FGD system, dust prevention and control systems, time allocated to mine blasting, the water supply system, and potential flooding from the reservoirs. Surveys conducted by the Social-cum-Public Participation Specialist confirm& this psychological effect as well as the concern of water pollution from the ash water lake and recirculation system near power plant unit 4-1 3. Ban Hua Fai villagers were also concerned about landslides and sulphur dioxide from settling ponds and dump sites. This increasing number appears to be higher than that of the whole Lsmpang province, where the ratio of patients with, respiratory tract infection was 43040 per 1,000 people during the same period. The patients with respiratory tract infection in Mae Moh subdistrict alone increased from 560.42 per 1,000 people in 1995 to 739.M in 1998, and the same number again within the first half year of 1999. @ MWH Final Report Page AIO-1-8 ~wA7suNH*Icu APPENDIX 10-1 DOCUMENTARY REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES ON SOCIAL ISSUES Studies have been carried out on the impact on the standard of educational of the Power Plant and Mine. It was found that twenty-seven primary and secondary schools, one public library and one informal education centre may have been affected by the Plant and Mine operations. A number of teachers and students from 12 schools (or 44 per cent of all schools) were reported to have contracted common colds, bronchitis and respiratory tract infections. Some teachers were reported to have lost their sensitivity to odour (cited in ONESDB, 2001: 30). An interview by the Consultant with the head of the district primary education office indicated that some teachers had requested transfers for these reasons. The Mae Moh economic and social structures have been affected or changed due to the establishment of the Power Plant and Mine. This establishment has forced affected people to work as labourers and daily paid employees. Although EGAT had set a condition for its contractors to employ at least 80 per cent of the labour from the local areas, the contractors still employed their labour from other districts and provinces. The main reason given was that most contractors needed people qualified in mechanical and equipment control rather than unskilled labour. The average gross product of the district in 2000 was 28,286 million Baht per ann~m.~ Mining industry earned most (about 23.18%) of the total production, while the agricultural sector earned 11.82%, and the governmental contributed 13.57%. Some of the Mae Moh community still live a traditional way of life, relying on their traditional agricultural production and technology. Forty-four percent of the total households (5,564 households) in this district are engaged in the agricultural sector with an average annual income of 21,600 Baht per family.’ However, their incomes vary from place to place. The Environmental and Technological Planning Division of ONESDB (1997) conducted a monitoring and evaluation of the environmental impact after the extension of Mae Moh Mine for the Power Plant units 8-9. It was found that the EGAT project impacted on the villagers’ agriculture-based and self-employed way of life. The majority of the villagers changed their occupations from farmers to labourers in the Power Plant and Mine. They also started to work for construction firms and factories. Focusing on the resettlement villages which resulted from the extension of the Power Plant units 8-9, this report concluded that the EGAT project helped to raise the villagers’ income from an average of 25,540 Baht per family before the resettlement to an average of 142,483 Baht per annum after resettlement. However, the more they earned, the more they spend on their changed modern and urban way of live. The villages most affected by sulphur dioxide were Ban Haui Pet and Ban Hang Hung of Mae Moh sub-district, and Ban Hua Fai of Ban Dong sub-district. Ban Hua Fai village was affected by the dump site and noise from the Mine. Despite the fact that ambient air quality monitoring results showed compliance with safety standards, the - Mae Moh District Administration Ofice. (2001) District Development Plan (2002-2006) Mae Moh, Lampang. ’NSEDB. (2001) Final Rewrt of the PreDaration of ImDlementation Plan for Mae Moh Area Solution Bangkok NSEDB and EGAT Final Report Page AIO-1-9 APPENDIX 10-1 DOCUMENTARY REVXEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES ON SOCIAL ISSUES villagers may not have been able to understand the specialized nature of the air quality monitoring, the results and their significance. On the other hand, EGAT have not been able to communicate effectively with the local people on their air quality monitoring and findings. Other research relevant to this study, was conducted in Mae Moh district during 1997-200 1. Pornperm Prommas (1997), the deputy manager of EGAT’s Health and Medical division, conducted research in 4 villages of Sop Pad subdistricts on preventive measures against health hazards caused by air pollution from the Mae Moh thermal power plant. Those villages, namely Sop Pad, Sop Toen, Mae Jang Te:ak Forest, and Sop Moh, were affected by air pollution from the Power Plant. The findings showed that about 98% of the sample population between 20-69 years old knew that air pollution eminated fiom the Power Plant and Mine. They had a good knowledge about air pollution, risk factors and preventive measures. The affected samples of different ages, occupations, and monthly income suggested different preventive measures or behaviour. Nearly 46% believed that the FGD system would help prevent air pollution, while about 43% were not sure. Pongpreeda Yotha (1 999) conducted research in 5 sample villages of the Sop Pad sub-district on the communities’ opinions towards the measures for reducing the air pollution fiom the EGAT power plant. Those villages, namely, Sop Pad, Sop Toen, Mae Jang Teak Forest, Sop Moh and Huai Rak Mi, were identified as being affected by air pollution fiom the Power Plant. The research indicated that the people were positive about the measures implemented by the Power Plant to reduce air pollution, but suggested that no Werpower plants should be constructed in Mae Moh district. The study recommended that the Government be responsible for managing this pollution problem at the village level, and for continuously monitoring air quality. Penprapa Siviroj and Prasit Leerapan (2000) applied a qualitative research technique to study the situations, needs and conditions of the Hang Hung villagers’ resettlement due to the impacts of EGAT’s Power Plant. They found that this village had been significantly affected by the Power Plant and Mine. The effects could be classified into 3 phases: (a) Separation of families at the first round of part resettlement during 1986-1990 (b) Second round resettlement period awaiting resettlement causing family and community breakdown during 1990- 1995 (c) Forming of mobs for resettlement from 1995 until the present The study accepted that the villagers’ demands for resettlement correlated with another recent study findings of a taskforce, officially appointed by the Lampang provincial governor and chaired by the vice-governor in 19966. 95% of 465 families demanded resettlement for reunion with their families, which had previously been moved. The other reasons given for resettlement were lack of farm land, water issues, pollution, inadequate communication, community separation, flooding and bush fires in the dry season. The study recommended This taskforce completed their report in Aulgusl 2001. However, its fmdings do not satis@ the villagers, particularly those firom Hang Hun& Huai Pet, Huai King and Huo Fai. The social spacialit believes that with support of a NOO,gome communities’ change writs have been eWvein fming opposition to the results, and focusing on resettlement and compensation issues inst&. @ MWH Final Repat Page AIO-1-10 ~WAlWnnA~ APPENDIX 10-1 DOCUMENTARY REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES ON SOCIAL ISSUES that if EGAT did not help the resettlement project, it should provide Hang Hung village with significant infrastructure and social welfare. The ONESDB (2001) employed a study team to research the preparatory project of the operational plan for Mae Moh area’s problem solution. The general background of the Power Plant and Mine project were studied, covering the environment, land tenure, occupation, life quality, and infrastructure. Strategies were recommended such as the environmental quality development, land development, occupational and income development, life quality development, and infrastructure development. In addition, operational plans were recommended. An EGAT executive officer stated that this was the first time that a national policy-making organisation has conducted such a field study. It was hoped that it would be a first trial and pilot project. List of References: Office of National Economic and Social Development Board. (2001) Final Report : A Study for Preparation for Operational Plan of Problems Solution in Mae Moh Area. Bangkok: ONSEDB and EGAT Office of National Economic and Social Development Board (ONESDB) (1996). Indicators of Life Quality in Thailand. Bangkok: ONSEDB Office of Mae Moh District Community Development (2001) Life Quality of Mae Moh People Lampang : Mae Moh CD Office. Environmental and Technological Planning Division, ONESDB. (1997) A Monitoring and Evaluation of the Environmental Impact Solution after the Extension of Mae Moh Mine for the Power Plant Units 8-9. Lampang: ONESDB. Penprapa Siwiroj and Prasit Leerapun. (2000). Situations, Need, and Conditions of Ban Hang Hung Villagers’ Resettlement: A Case Study of Impact of Mae Moh Power Plant, Lampang Province. Lampang : EGAT Pongpreeda Yotha. (1 999). People’s Opionians Toward Measure of Solving Air Pollution of Mae Moh Power Plant : A Case of Tambol Sob Pad, Amphoe Mae Moh, Changwat Lampang. Independent Study, Master Degree in Man and Environment Management, Chiang Mai University. Pornperm Prommas. (1997). Preventive Behavior on Health Hazard Caused by Air Pollution from Mae Moh Thermal Power Plant, A Case Study of Tambon Sobpad Amphoe Mae Moh, Changwat Lampang. Independent Study, Master Degree in Man and Environment Management, Chiang Mai University. Final Report Page AIO-1-11 APPENDIX 10-2 FINDINGS ON SOCIAL ISSUES FROM IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL APPENDIX 10-2 FINDINGS ON SOCIAL ISSUES FROM IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL Final Report Page AIO-2-1 APPENDIX 10-2 FINDINGS ON SOCIAL ISSUES FROM IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL The study team conducted individual interviews, in combination with focus group interviews with key participants, community leaders and villagers in 12 villages. This Appendix summarises the findings. 1. Changes in Living Conditions after the establishment of the EGAT’s Plant and Mine The respondents of the study reported both positive and negative changes to their communities as a result of the establishment of the EGAT’s Power Plant and Mine in Mae Moh. The positive changes were mostly related to the assistance provided by EGAT in terms of financial assistance, infrastructure, such as construction of roads in and among the villages, convenience in communication and transportation, the availability of vocational promotion funds, and school-bus services. The negative changes were mostly related to he:alth problems caused by sulphur dioxide, odour and blasting. Shortages of water due to the damming of streams and rivers to construct EGAT’s reservoirs, contaminated water or poor quality of water, and low productivity of crops were among the issues raised by the respondents as negative impacts resulting Erom establishment of the plant. Lifestyles have also changed from a reliance on agriculture and animal husbandry to employment-related activities. By and large, both the positive and the negative impacts are similar for most villages. Specific impacts in each sampled community as described below. Hang Hung The Plant employs about thirty percent of the people in Hang Hung village. The community also receives financial support from EGAT in the form of funding for local development, financial support to construct schools and temples, and scholarships for students. EGAT also offers a bus service to transport students to and from schools. The people in this village complained that they have faced substantial environmental effects. There has been an abundance of dust that caused breathing problems, and odour has been detrimental to their health. The noise and vibrations from blasting and machines have cracked walls, ceilings and window panes. Contaminated water, polluted air and poor soil quality are other environmental impacts that are mentioned. There are also a number of health problems, such as bronchitis, skin disease, calculus, chronic sinus, stuffy noses and dizziness, which are believed to be caused by the operations of the plant. In addition, the community believe that flash flooding which damaged their property was caused by the release of water kmEGAT’s reservoirs during he:avy rains. During mid-August, there was a high flood in Hang Hung and other villages when the water was released by EGAT’s reservoir controllers. Mae Jang People reported that EGAT has extended assistance to the people in the areas through educational assistance, a bus service to transport student to and fiom schools, a fhd for improving the quality of life and occasional medical services in the village. @ MWH Final Report Page AIO-2-2 yMRooyEMwA~wuu APPENDIX 10-2 FINDINGS ON SOCIAL ISSUES FROM IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL On the negative side, there has been a considerable reduction in agricultural productivity. People have to change their jobs to unskilled contract labourers. A number of people in the village have developed breathing problems resulting fiom sulphur dioxide. Natural water, such as rain cannot be consumed because of sulphur dioxide contamination. Blasting is carried out in the nearby hills, particularly in the morning and in the evening. Sob Jang People in Sob Jang village reported that EGAT has employed some people fiom the community to work in the plant. EGAT also provided financial support for the construction of the community temple and school, as well as for the formation of occupational groups, such as weaving and mushroom growing. Medical services to the community and educational scholarships for children are also made available for the villagers. On the negative side, environmental problems have developed, especially air pollution and contamination of water. A number of people in the community have developed breathing problems and skin rashes. Agricultural production has been decreasing. People have observed that the average life span of the people in the village has been reducing. Kor Ruak The positive aspects of the plant are that they have created some jobs for the people in the community by contractor companies of the Power Plant and Mine. EGAT has promoted vocational groups, sports and physical education, provided medical services, and transportation for children to and from schools. The plant provides vehicles (on request) for study trips when these are arranged by the community. In addition, EGAT plans to assist the community in its restoration of the local road which connects Kor Ruak with other villages. There have also been some undesirable changes. Agricultural production has been decreasing and there is a shortage of water for agriculture. Rain water cannot be consumed even after boiling, as the smell still exists. With regard to health problems, a number of people suffer from bronchitis, skin rashes, frequent headaches and shortage of breath. Those who have lived in the village for a long time often feel dizzy. Transportation to the village is inconvenient. Although the Rural Rapid Development Department has offered to reconstruct the road, the people believe that EGAT is opposed to this reconstruction because it plans to expand the mine. Pong Ton Pin Some people are employed by EGAT to work in the area. EGAT also provides financial assistance to the community in the form of scholarships for students, a piped village water system, and development funds. However, the establishment of the Power Plant and Mine has caused health problems, water shortages due to construction of the reservoirs and damming of the natural waterways, destruction of agricultural products, and work insecurity. @ MWH Final Report Page A1 0-2-3 MONTGOMERY WAlSCW HARZA APPENDIX 10-2 FINDINGS ON SOCIAL ISSUES FROM IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL Sob Pad The positive changes in Sob Pad village are similar to those of other villages. Financial support to promote occupational groups, development funds, scholarships to students and medical services are provided by EGAT. Villagers identified the negative changes as the destruction of natural resources, declining agricultural production, water shortages, health problems and the lack of unity among people in the same village. Hua Fai In addition to similar financial assistance offered to other communities, EGAT has also helped the village to improve the environment, for instance the growing of tree shelters around the village. The negative changes are essentially related to the deterioration of the environment, low agricultural productivity, poor water quality and health problems. A group of change agents in this village has formed close ties with a NGO. Thasi EGAT has provided assistance such as promotion of occupational groups, development funds, scholarships for students and the reconstruction of the village roads. The establishment of the Plant has caused health problems and the loss of crops and animals, water shortages and has reduced the self-suaciency of the people. Huai King and Huai Pet Compared to other villages, a number of people: in Huai King and HI.& Pet villages are employed by EGAT as unskilled workers. Villagers have also been employed by EGAT’s contractor companies. To some extent, EGAT has provided assistance to the people in these villages. EGAT has improved the road system and travelling is now more convenient. Villagers employed by EGAT have made a financial contribution to the economy. Their greater affluence has resulted in greater spending and circulation of money in the communities. The standard of housing hras improved from traditional materials to concrete. EGAT has promoted occupational opportunities for women and young people and has installed instruments to measure sulphur dioxide levels in the villages. In terns of negative change, the two communities share the same problem of water shortages. The impact of pollution on the villages is quite strong. The people complain of irritating smells of sulphur dioxide. Dust and vibrations from explosions have also affected the people. Most households have to buy drinking water. @ MWH Final Repoort Page A 10-2-4 -WAflDNW(UA APPENDIX 10-2 FINDINGS ON SOCIAL ISSUES FROM IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL Tan and Moh Luang The villages of Tan and Moh Luang share similar problems to those of other villages, both negative and positive. However, the villagers do not believe the health and pollution problems to be as serious as those facing the people in Hang Hung and Huai King. 2. The Impact of the Power Plant and Mine Most of the villages surveyed reported some degree of impact on their living conditions and agricultural production. Specific impacts on each village are summarised in the following table which ranks the perceived severity of the impact. (1 = most affected to 6 = least affected). Others !emarks Tan and Moh Luang villagers reported fewer effects than other villages in the study. This is probably due to the fact that Tan village is situated further from the Plant and Mine than the other villages, and Moh Luang has already been relocated to a new location about 15 kilometers from the former village site. In terms of health problems, most people reported breathing problems, bronchitis, immune deficiency, chronic colds, runny noses and skin irritations as most serious problems (in that order). @ MWH Final Report Page A 10-2-5 -WATSffl HAM4 APPENDIX 10-2 FINDINGS ON SOCIAL ISSUES FROM IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL 3. Changes in Village Life Based on the above and separate interviews with the key participants, the establishment and operation of the Power Plant and Mine has resultecl in changes in lifestyles from rural to sub- urban or urban ways, occupations, values, sanitation, health, and educational quality. Such changes are elaborated in the following paragraphs: Geographical changes have been experienced in terms of roads, land use, telephone and other communication systems, water flows directions in the local rivers and streams, reservoir construction, settlement of villages, and the location of government administrative centers and service offices. Most acknowledged the improvement in income and land development, better access to government services and marketing services, better medical and sanitation servjces, schooling quality, and communication between communities. Geographical changes have had various cultural and social impacts. For example, before the construction of the Power Plant and Mine, the indigenous people lived along the streams and rivers, relying mostly on forest and bush produce and products, earning their living on a self-reliant principle and assisting each other as family and village members. The social structure of their cornunities consisted of a kinship, peer group system and extended families. A high degree of respect for seniority existed. There was limited migration of the population, as there was sufficient land for farming and the community was self-sufficient. Money was not the main reason for earning a living since they could catch fish from the rivers and streams and find food from the forest and bushes. After construction of the Power Plant and ]Mine, EGAT's damming of the streams and rivers reduced the natural water flow available to the communities. Furthermore established pathways were flooded. Consequently, the diversion and damming of watercourses changed the living patterns of the villagers. The reduction of land tenure and available fannland forced the majority of the people to work as unskilled labours in EGAT's power plant and mine, in ceramic factories and on construction sites. Land use has been a major problem among the villagers in this area'. The villagers are aware of the environmental hpacts on their water sources, livestock, produce and health. Both positive and negative attitudes exist. The villagers regarded EGAT's Community Development Project as a tool to bridge the communication gap between EGAT, the local authority and community members, ' Interviews with the Mac Moh disttia chief, forestry D~%CW,and community development ofl[icer, revealed that land use in the Mae Moh anas could bc classified into three different groups. The first group could be mgarded as the communities and farmlands prior to the estab1ishme:nt of the EGAT project. This group could also be divided into 3 sub-groups - the native people's community mas, deforestation areas, and mifpation areas. The migrants arc those people who have been working with the Farcstry Industry Organization, and some arc from other provinces and regions following work with the EGA1" project and contractor firms. The second group, which occupied the majority of the land, arc located in the national fomrt conservation areas under the responsibility of the Royal Fofcstry Department. The third group, consiaaing of 22.83 per oent of the whole Mac Moh district aria, has been permitted by the Royal Fortstry Department for EGAT's project. It is to be noted that the whole district anas are 860.44 square kilometers or 537,775 Rai, while the EGAT project contained slightly over 122,000 Rai (ONESDB,2001 : 2,22). @ MWH Final Reiprt Page AIO-2-6 hKwmowwwAmnMzA APPENDIX 10-2 FINDINGS ON SOCIAL ISSUES FROM IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL and also as a means to negotiate assistance for providing equipment, road construction and repairs, support for community development and participation by the people. (f) Negative feelings from the villagers towards the Power Plant and Mine are based on environmental and resettlement issues, particularly, in Hang Hung, Hua Fai, Huai King, Sop Pat, and Huai Pet villages. Jang Nua villagers complained about noise from mine blasting, and also about a private company’s gravel mining. Collectively, most villagers understood that once development and modernisation reached their communities, there would be socio-economic and cultural changes. The above information can be swnmarised as follows: 1. The villagers acknowledge that their family income has increased following the establishment of the EGAT project. 2. Land tenure is the main problem for the villagers. 3. Infrastructure is adequate, with the exception of water supplies in the village areas. 4. Environmental management is regarded as EGAT’s responsibility and this has been a major problem. Environmental impacts are identified as a psychological, social, and health effects. 5. The villagers perceive the benefit gained from EGAT’s Power Plant and Mine in the same way as the village leaders. The current findings of the field survey and reviews of the previous studies can be interpreted that EGAT operations have changed the communities’ way of life, both positively and negatively. These changes have particularly affected the original natives of Mae Moh. The changes had a “chain effect”. Mobility of the villagers appeared to be high, and will have a tendency to increase after the resettlement demands of the Hang Hung villagers are officially accepted. This study forecasts that after the resettlement of Hang Hung village, other villagers will become the next target of such resettlement movements. These are Huai King, Hua Fai, Huai Pet, Sop Pad, and very likely Jang. EGAT has to be aware of these pressures and should attempt to solve the existing environmental issues, and communicate with the communities in an understanding and sensitive manner. @ MWH Final Report Page A 10-2-7 MONTOOMEWWATSON HARIl APPENDIX 10-3 NOTES OF INTERVIEWS WITH EGAT ON THE WATER SUPPLY ISSUE APPENDIX 10-3 NOTES OF INTERVIEWS WITH EGAT ON THE WATER SUPPLY ISSUE @ MWH Final Report Page A10-3-1 MONIUOUlSVWA~IMWA APPENDIX 103 NOTES OF INTERVIEWS WITH EGAT ON THE WATER SUPPLY ISSUE In response to the villagers’ claims of water shortages caused by EGAT by building dams and reservoirs to reserve water for the Power Plant and Mine, EGAT was interviewed on 17 September 2001 at their Mae Moh ofice. EGAT acknowledge that before the Mae Moh Power Plant, villagers obtained water from the natural streams. However, EGAT reported that dwing the months of February, March and April, the streams were usually dry and that the villagers were not able to obtain water from them. EGAT further advised that after the dam construction, water has been supplied to the villagers in three ways: (a) Overflows from dams to canals for irrigation purpose (b) Pipelines from the reservoirs (constructed by EGAT) to provide water for washing and cleaning. This water may be boiled for drinking purposes. Water trucks are provided when the pipes break, or during maintenance. (c) Drinking water is available at the EGAT Power Plant where villagers may obtain high quality drinking water. EGAT therefore consider that they have improved the water supply situation by providing water all year round. Villagers could now grow crops even in the winter months, which they could not do previously. Villagers have complained about water shortages from the piped supplied mentioned in (b) above. EGAT advised that they have increased ithe hours of operation of the water pumps from 6 a.m. - 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. - 10 p.m. In addition they plan to upgrade the water pumps to allow continuous 24 hours per day operation of the pumps to resolve these issues. EGAT provides this water free of charge for the first 100 litredperson/day but charges slightly more than 2 Bahts per cubic metres above this initial 100 litre limit. It was advised that in 1998 the Government applied a policy to charge for the use of water fiom the reservoirs. Therefore, even if the Mae Moh Power Plant did not exist, ithe villagers would not have free irrigation water fiom the canals. At the moment, EGAT is paying the water charge to the Government for water drawn hmthe Keelom Dam. The charge rate from the Keelom Dam is 0.5 Bahts per cubic metre for non-agricultural use and 5 Bahts per year per Rai (i.e. 400 cubic metres) for agricultural use. The drinking water mentioned in (c) above is provided free of charge. Recommendations EGAT’s intentions to improve the pumped water supply system is to be commended. It is therefore required: - To expedite the upgrading of the pumps and pipes to rninimise water supply shut down. - To have continued dialogue With the local on the upgrading work @ MWH Final Report Page A 10-3-2 MON7WMRYWAmWUU APPENDIX 10-3 NOTES OF INTERVIEWS WITH EGAT ON THE WATER SUPPLY ISSUE - To publicise the piped water supply and water truck services widely in the villages affected by water shortages, providing clear details of accessibility, timing, locations and charges for these services. - To publicise such matters through the local government channels, the local sub- district authority, and through the monthly meeting of village and sub-district headmen in the Mae Moh district. Leaflets and loud speakers (which are currently available in almost every village) should also be used. - To provide information about water quality, and how to treat it safely for consumption. ~ ~~ Final Report Page A10-3-3 SUMMARY OF LONG-LEAD PROCUREMENT ITEMS EXSITU PILOT Item Total Cost (US$) Total Cost (HK$) Dredge Pump $23,400 $182,286.00 Screening Equipment $134,667 $1,049,05S.93 PreProcessors (lskid w/l+l) $79,853 $622,050.98 Collision Chamber $326,196 $2341,066.84 Hydrasander Unit $84,558 $658,708.69 Solids Contact Clarifier $95,355 $742,815.45 Pressure Filters $13,820 $107,658.1 1 Thickening Tank w/Rake $87,750 $683,572.50 Filter Press $1 81,620 $1,414,821.90 Lime Feed System $87,750 $683,572.50 Long Lerrd Item Costs (HM) $8,685,609 Long-lead Item Shipping costs (HW) $1,043,091 Contingency (25%) $2,432,175 TOTAL (HKS) $12,160,875 APPENDIX 10-4 LIST OF PEOPLE INVITED AND PARTICIPATED IN THE NATIONAL lWRUM ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION APPENDIX 10-4 LIST OF PEOPLE INVITED AND PARTICIPATED IN THE NATIONAL FORUM ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION AT ROYAL ORCHID SHERATON HOTEL BANGKOK, 18 JANUARY 2002 @ MWM Final Report Page A IO-4-1 ~MmmMm.?A Appendix 10-4 List of People Invited and Participated in the National Forum Environmental Evaluation At Royal Orchid Sheraton Hotel Bangkok, 18 January 2002 Participated Organization Name Position No. I I I I i 1 Mr. Peera Manatas Governor No 2 Mr. Sawat Srisuvandee Deputy Governor No Lam pang Province 3 Mr. Direck Khonkleb Deputy Governor No Mr. Udom Kasesorn Sheriff of Mae Moh District No 4 I t I I 1st Ministry of Finance IMs. Pannee Sathavarodom I Director-General I No ~~~~ 1 I -6 1- OEPP 1Mr. Chalermasak Wanichsombat I Secretary-General I No 1 ~ ~ Mr. Sisrithan Piroj-Boriboon Secretary-General No PCD Ms. Suwimol Wattanawtroon Environmental Officer Yes (Substitute) Dr. Supat Wangwongwatana Director No IDr. Piyasvasti Amranand Secretary-General No NEPO 1 I 1 Iw 11 I IMr. Sansern Wongcha-um 1Secretary-General I No NESDB IMr. Suranan Wongvithayakamiorn IAssistant Secretary-General I Yes 1 Mr.Theechat Boon. Prof. Dr. Pakdee Pothisiri Director-General Ministry of Public Health I I (represent) Yes ]Mi. Somchai Skoolisariyaporn lsenior Specialist I Yes 1 M ~~ - ~ 16 Dr. Samlee Plianbangchang Dean No 17 Chulalongkorn University Dr. Nantavan Vichit-Vadakan Assit. Dean for Research and Informatiot Yes 18 Assoc. Prof. Wongpunt Limpaseni Yes 19 E.1.T Dr. Karoon Chandrangsu President No 20 TEI Dr. Thongchai Pansawad President Yes (Substitute) 21 PIT Khunying Thongtip Ratanarat President No 22 Electrowatt-Ekono(Thai1and) Ltd Dr. Alexander Skaria Director Yes 23 Mr. Chaicharn Pothirat Chief, Pulmonary Division ~ ~ Yes ~ Chiangmai University 24 Dr. Suporn Koottatep No Page 10-4-2 Participated Organization Name Position I No* I I I 25 Chiangmai University Dr. Prasak Thavornyutikarn, Chairman, ERA Yes 26 EIT Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tarej Srisathit Chairman No 27 Mr. Wuttipong Amorncliaichan Senior Engineer Yes The Industrial Finance Corporation of Thailand 28 Miss Nualtida Karnjanakul Engineer Yes I 29 I IEAT IDr. Samarn Thangtongtawi IChief Engineer I Yes I I 30 I Kenan Institute Asia IMr. Kitti Kumpeeva !Director - Environment I Yes I I 31 I Mineral Resources Environmental IMr. Kiattiphong Udomtanateera I I Yes I ~~ 32 Ministry of Public Health Ms. Issarapun Karnjanareka Environmental Scientist Yes 33 NESDA Dr. Suparath Honnmance No Mr. Patarapol Tularak No +I PCD Mr. W itttaya Tharnmar ith Env. Officer Yes 36 Mr. Thanee Charunat Environmental Officer Yes 37 Petroleum Institute of Thailand Dr. Charus Huntrakul Yes 38 Mrs. Klueuhan Baitrakul Director Yes I I 39 OEPP Ms. N baporn Watcharasin (Chief of Mining Section I Yes I -40 1 Mrs. Piyanan Soponkanabhorn ]Chief of Energy Section I Yes - -1 ~ Dr. Siripong Hungspreug NO The Royal Irrigation Department ,Mr.Tripanta Meekiaran Yes I 43 I National Economic and Social Advisory IMr. Sam-jate Jantawat I I No I I 44 I Chiang Mai University IDr. Prasak Thavornyutikarn I I No I I 45 I Thailand Environment Institute IMiss Phenkhee Sriphorm I I NO ~~ I IDr. Patana Annurakpongsathorn ]Lecturer I Yes I Kasetsart University IMs. Prapaipid Chairatanamanokorn ILecturer I Yes -1 IMs. Thitima Rungratanaubon I I Yes -1 I 49 I Suranaree University of Technology (Dr. Wut Dankittikul I I Yes -1 I 50 I Silpakorn University IAsst. Prof. Dr. Kanokporn Swangsang I I Yes -1 Thammasat University IAssist Prof. Suwannee Juthamineepong I I Yes I 1 Assist Prof. Pensri Watcharayann I I Yes I ~~ Banpu Public Co., Ltd IMr. Songyot Korpob (QSE Officer I Yes Participated Organization Name 1Position I No* I I YeslNn I Mr. Viroj Soontornnarurangsee Yes Gulf Electric Public Go., Ltd Yes Mr. Chanchai Chaisumritchoke I 56 Union Energy Co., Ltd Mr. Kasem Chudthong Yes 57 Mr. Tim Marshall1 Country Manager Yes Mr. Krieattisak Sriaram Business Development Executive Yes Ms. Thanthawan Dharmajiva Yes Ms. Janya Panomwej Yes Ms. Orapin Koedchai Yes Mr. Sunet Petsiri Engineer Yes Mr. Pongsuk Jongstaworn Manager Yes Mr. Yuthana Gampatrapan No Ms.Nuntiya Chumsena Geologist Yes Mr. Apirak Petsawas Yes Dr. Nirawan Sombatsiri Manager EGAT Yes Mr Nrimng Siritiptmvn~ .rr es Mr. Cherid Kanyanamit Manager EGAT Yes Mr. Sasiluk Kumsiri Scientist Yes Mr. Panich Juntasim No EGAT Mr. Chukriet Homkajai No Mr. Ruthira Prasertsak Mechanical Engineer Yes Ms. Voranuch Jungchansart Engineer Yes IMiss Ch.Sanpetch Petchpaisit Engineer 5 Yes Mr. Sahat Prataknukul Asst Director Yes 'Mr. Sakchai Koedpol Engineer 9 Yes Mr. Nimit Sujirattanavimol Yes Mrs. Sirinthorn Jonnsiri Manager Yes ~~ Mr. Poramet Payattepin Engineer Yes Mr. Kitipong Pongsapan Environmental Yes Mr. Poramote Pornrattanapitak Yes Page 10-4-4 ~~ ~ ~ Participated Organization Name Position Mr. Pramot Pronratpitak Yes Mr. Chatchavan Harina-a-disai Yes IMr. Damrona Thawornvisutikul I I Yes I I 89 I EGAT Mr. Paskorn Dangsmakr Yes Mr. Snit Prechlume Yes Mrs. Sornmai Kamolyabutra Yes Mr. Direk Naknan Yes ~~~~~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Mr. Bunler Hengprasit Yes Mr. Wirote Sripudpona Yes IMrs. Saowanee Unasutararak I I Yes I ~ ~ ~ Mr. Dacha AukrLhaneeyakorn Yes Mrs. Suleeporn Suthimathakorn Yes Miss Benjamars Inthachai Yes Mr. Supakij Tumteerapong No Mr. Somsak Kanchanatemi Yes Miss Patchrin Poonuol No IMr. Phut Srasamran I I Yes I IMs. Jitaree Keovote I I Yes I Page 10-4-5 Participated Organization Name IPosition I No- I I YeslNo I 112 Ms. Sriwan Buranachokepisal I I No I 113 Miss Salini Samrancliit Yes I I ~ I 114 EGAT Mr. Sungwith Shhawactlarin Yes 115 Mr. Supr Vananupang Yes 116 Jomyork Roongsan Yes 117 PSU Dr. Pitsaru Bunnanl Local Consultant Yes 118 Mr. Kriengrit FGD Manager Yes 119 Mr. Ponlit Sesth-Gamners Yes 120 Mr. Kitti Naparaxawong Divisional Manager Yes EGAT 121 Mr. Supakio Tumteerapong Engineer Yes 122 Mr. Naraporn Kunawanakit Engineer Yes 123 Mr. Vuditichai Eksaneski Engineer Yes 124 Thammasat University Mr. Teerawet Titseesane Lecturer Yes 125 National Economic and Social Adversory Concern Mr. Somiate Jantawat IMem ber I Yes I 126 EGAT (MAE MOH) 127 Mrs. Ssrinthorn Sontisitent Yes 128 Health Department Mrs. Chauwanee Tatritorn Yes 129 Mrs. Patchrin Poonol Yes 130 Mr. Prakob Dhienhirunya Yes 13 1 EGAT Prakit Onfrananantert Yes 132 Sahai Rakyao Yes Page 10-4-6 APPENDIX 11-1 SCREENING ANALYSIS APPENDIX 11-1 SCREENING ANALYSIS @ MWH Final Report Page All-1-1 MONTQOMFRY WATSON HARZA APPENDIX 11-1 SCREENING ANALYSIS 1. Inorganics 2. Metals 3. Organics (e.g. VOCs) 4. Pesticides 5. co X Morbidity, mortality Morbidity, mortality 8. Oxidants 9. Greenhouse gases X Global systems 10. Aerosols/Particulates (PMIO) X Morbidity, mortality I 1 1. Particulates (>PM 10) X Morbidity 12. Electro-magnetic radiation Morbidity 14. Odour Aesthetics 11 Potential Emission/Burden to Water I I I 17. Organics 20. BODICOD /I 2 I. Exotics II ~ I I 22. AciddBases 23. Fertilizers 26. Salinization 27. Pai-ticulate/Sedimentation X Resource use 28. Water d iversiodw ithdrawal X Resource use 11 29. Channelization/Empoundment IX 1 Resource use I/ 30. Thermal alteration X Resource use 3 1. Overharvest 32. Odour Potential EmissioidBurden to Land @ MWH Final Report Page AI I- I-2 MONTGOMERY WATSON HARZA APPENDIX 11-1 SCREENING ANALYSIS 34. Metals 35. Organics 36. Pesticides 37, AcidsIBases 11 38. Fertilizers I 39. Waste Products. X Morbidity 40. Acid deposition I I 11 41. Salinization I 42. Erosion X Resource use 43. Exotics 45. Overharvest 46. Land Use X Welfare II Q MWH Filial Report Page Ail-1-3 MONTGOMERY WAJSON HARZA APPENDIX 11-2 STEPS IN BTM APPENDIX 11-2 STEPS IN BTM @ MWH Final Report Page A 11-2- I MONTGOMERY WATSON HARZA APPENDlX 11-2 STEPS IN BTM Mae Moh Power Plant FIRST STEP: Select the literature. In this case we used a study by ESEERCO (1 995) which estimated unit damage values by emissioii and area. Dollar per ton per 1,000 person unit damage values for power and energy projects Emission SECOND STEP: Adjust the literature based on localized information. In this case, the following information was used. US per capita 1992 GNP I 22,000 ($1992) I Using this information, the values were first brought to 2000 prices using US GNP growth. Thus with a growth of two percent. Note that the Thai per capita GNP (in PPP) is 14 percent of US per capita GNP. Hence the value used for the analysis becomes 0.0277 for the local low value of PMlo. Hence the relevant figures become: Dollar per ton per 1,000 person unit damage values for power and energy Emissions THIRD STEP: Another required adjustinelit is population. The project site population is given in the table below. (3 MWH Final Report Page A I 1-2-2 MONTGOMERY WATSON HARZA APPENDIX 11-2 STEPS IN BTM Thus multiplying the last two tables generates the coefficients to be multiplied to the estimated emissions which is escalated based on population and income growths and adjusted via the standard conversion factor. @ MWH Final Report Pcige A1 f -2-3 MONTGOMERY WATSON HARZA