Wutan Huatan Jisuan Jishu ISSN:1001-1749
MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF ASSAM’S SADRI LANGUAGE
Lakshyajyoti Baruah1 and Parishmita Das2 1Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Assamese, Dibrugarh University, Assam, India 2 M. Phil Research Scholars, Department of Assamese, Dibrugarh University, Assam, India
Abstract Assam Sadri language is lingua franca of Assamese language. Assam’s Sadri Language spoken people lived in mainly tea garden area. In this article we explain morphological characteristics of Assam’s Sadri language. The research location is Jamirah Tea State and Tetelibam village tea Community area of Dibrugarh District.
Keywords: Assam Sadri, Lingua franca, Morphology, Tea community
Introduction
Assam’s Sadri Language is a Lingua Franca of Assamese Language. It is spoken by Tea Community people who lived in different parts of Assam. In Assam Sadri language is a lingua Franca of Assamese language but it has own phonological, morphological, syntax and word system. In this paper we try to discuss the particular morphological system of Assam Sadri language.
The Area of Field Study:
The tea community lived in different parts of Assam. The field area of this study is Jamirah Tea Easted and Bogibil Tetelibam village tea community area of Dibrugarh District in Assam. The necessary data are collected through field study.
Methodology
Accurate data are collected by field study and library work. Analytical and descriptive methods are used to prepare this research paper.
Morphological characteristics of Assam’s Sadri Language:
Some morphological characteristics of Assam’s Sadri Language are given below:
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Nominal word:
Assam’s Sadri Language’s nominal word classified mainly three categories. These are given below.
I. Noun II. Pronoun III. Adjective
I. Noun
Noun is an essential part of Assam’s Sadri Language’s morphological study. Assam’s Sadri Language’s nouns are classified given below:
(a) Proper Noun
(b) Class Noun
(c) Collective Noun
(d) Material Noun
(e) Abstract Noun
a) Proper Noun: Assam’s Sadri Language’s proper nouns are –
Assam’s Sadri English
Pepol Gas Banyan Tree
Ratni name of female person
Kalia Name of male person
Gohia Name of male person
b) Class Noun: Class Noun indicates no one person or thing in particular but is common to any and every person or thing of the same kind. Assam’s Sadri language’s class nouns are given below –
Assam’s Sadri English
Manuch Man
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Gach Tree
Hanch Duck
Murgi Hen
c) Collective Noun :
A Collective Noun is the name of a group or collection of persons or things taken as a whole. Assam’s Sadri Language’s collective nouns are given below –
Assam’s Sadri English
Gorujhak a herd of cow
Soraijhak a flock of bird
d) Material Noun:
A Material Noun indicated the matter or substance, of which things are made. Assam’s Sadri language’s material nouns are given below –
Assam’s Sadri English
Suna Gold
Rupa Silver
e) Abstract Noun:
Abstract Noun indicates the quality of any person or things, action or situation. Assam’s Sadri language’s material nouns are given below.
Assam’s Sadri English
Sadhu Honest
Sor Thief
II. Pronoun:
Pronoun is also an absolute part of language. Assam’s Sadri language’s pronoun are classified given below –
(a) Personal Pronoun
(b) Demonstration Pronoun
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(c) Reflective Pronoun
(d) Indefinite Pronoun
(e) Distribute Pronoun
(f) Relative Pronoun
As though these are many types of pronoun but in this article I have explain only two types of pronoun which are as follows –
(a) Personal Pronoun:
The personal pronouns of the Assam’s Sadri languages are simple. There is no standard and non standard form of personal pronoun. The singular and plural forms of the personal pronouns of Assam’s Sadri language are given below:
Person Singular Plural
First Ham (I) Hamra (Our)
Mui (I) Hamni (Our)
Hame (I) Hamar (Our)
Hamour (my) Hader (Our)
Hame (I) Hamra (Our)
Second Tui (you) Tohni (you)
Tor (your) Tohnike (Yours)
Tohre (your) Tuhre (Yours)
Third Ushe (He/She) Ushob (They)
Uder (They)
(b) Interrogative Pronoun:
Interrogative Pronoun is used for question. Assam’s Sadri language’s interrogative pronouns are given below –
Assam’s Sadri English
Kokhon When
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Ketna How many
Ke Who
Ka What
Kile Why
III. Adjective
Adjective are also a part of morphological study of a language. Assam’s Sadri Language’s Adjectives are classified into three categories. These are –
(a) Adjective of Noun
(b) Adjective of Adjective
(c) Adjective of Verb
(a) Adjective of Noun:
The adjective which are used before noun sits determine some quality and quantity and these sentences are called as adjective of noun. Assam’s Sadri language’s adjectives of nouns are as follows –
Assam’s Sadri English
BhaloSokra Good boy
SundorSokri Beautiful Girl
KharapBotor Bad weather
Lalphul Red Flower
(b) Adjective of Adjective:
The adjective which are used before adjective sits determine some quality and quantity and quantity and these sentences are called as objective of adjective. Assam’s Sadri language’s adjective of adjective are as follows –
Assam’s Sadri English
Bohotchaura Very large
Etna khat Very short
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Bohotlomba Very long
Bohotsundor Most beautiful
(c) Adjective of Verb:
The adjective which are used beforeverb sits determine some quality and quantity these sentences are called as adjective of verb. Assam’s Sadri language’s adjectives of verbs are as follows –
Assam’s Sadri English
Asteastejauwa Slowly and gradually
JaldiJauwa Go soon
Jaldi Au Come soon
Thorathorakha Eat little
Laheshe de Give me slowly
Number:
In the Assam’s Sadri language’s {-gila}, {-sob} etc. plural suffixed are used in derivation of number system. Some examples are given below.
- gila : Manush-gila (Men)
: Sokra-gila (Boys)
: Sokri-gila (Girls)
- Sob : Sua-sob (Children)
Gender:
In the Assam’s Sadri Language’s gender maker is an essential part of morphological study. There are three processes of gender marker in Assam’s Sadri language. There are –
By addition of different male and female noun word:
Masculine Gender Feminine Gender
Sokra (Boy) Sokri (Girl)
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Aja (Grand Father) Aji (Grand mother)
Ba (Father) Ma (Mother)
By using of Masculine and feminine words before the word indicating common gender. Some example are given below:
Masculine Gender Feminine Gender
Sara - Murgi (Cock) Dhair-Murgi (Hen)
Phatha - Sagri (Male goat) Pathi-Sagri (Female goat)
Damra - Goru (Ox) DamriGoru (Cow)
By using feminine suffixes – i, - wani, - in after the indicating masculine gender. Some example are given below :
Masculine Feminine
- i Bura Buri
Kaka Kaki
- wani Babu Babuwani
- in Sardar Sardarin
Case System:
Case in the Assam’s Sadri language’s another essential part of morphological study. The Assam’s Sadri language processes seven cases in total. These are – nominative, accusative, instrumental, dative, ablative, genitive and locative. There are actually in total seven cases suffixed in Assam’s Sadri language. Such as: -e, -ke, -se, - she, -se, -ke, -e which are arranged below in a tabular form –
Case Suffix
Nominative 1st -se
Accusative 2nd -ke
Instrumental 3rd -se
Dative 4th -she
Ablative 5th -se
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Genitive 6th -ke
Locative 7th -e
Some examples are given below –
Nominative: Hame bhat khali.
I have eaten rice.
Acusative : Ramke bhat delei.
I have given rice to Ram.
Instrumental: Gasta kutherse katlei.
The tree has been cut by the axe.
Dative: Eikitapta Babuseanli.
This book is brought from Babu.
Ablative: Eikamta Ram shekorahoil.
This work is done by Ram.
Genitive: Eita Rame kitap
This is Ram’s Book.
Locative: Gache Am ahe.
There are mangoes in the tree.
Negation:
The negation is another interesting feature in the Assam’s Sadri language. Assam’s Sadri language’s negations are indicating by using {nai-} prefix are added before the verb. Some example are given below –
Assam’s Sadri Language English
Nai – geli ‘Naigeli’ ‘will not go’
Nai – pali (got) Naipali ‘will not get’
Nai – khali (eaten) Naikhali not yet eaten
Nai – deli (given) Naideli Not given
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Conclusion
Assam’s Sadri Language is a Lingua Franca of Assamese Language. This language is spoken by people of tea community area of Assam and a Lingua Franca of Assamese Language has proven as ethnic language Sadri.
References
Das, Biswajit, and Phukan C. Basumatary. Axamiya aru Axamar Bhasa. 2nd ed.,
Aank-Baak, 2014.
Rabha Hakasam, Upen. Assamiya aru Assamar Bhasa Upabhasa. 1st ed., jyoti
Prakashan, 2009.
Tasa, Prahlad C. Asomor Chah Janagosthi. 1st ed., Asom Sahitya Sabha, 2001.
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