DOCSLIB.ORG

Annual Meeting

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Annual Meeting Southern California Earthquake Center 2010Annual Meeting Proceedings and Abstracts, Volume XX September 11-15, 2010 S C E C an NSF+USGS center ANNUAL MEETING of the Southern California Earthquake Center Proceedings and Abstracts, Volume XX Cover Image: Section of the Borrego fault rupture formed during the 4 April 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake. (Peter Gold, Austin Elliott, Michael Oskin, and Alejandro Hinojosa. Image was generated in LidarViewer software developed by Oliver Kreylos at the W.M. Keck Center for Active Visualization in the Earth Sciences (KeckCAVES) at UC Davis.) Center Organization SCEC ORGANIZATION SCEC ADVISORY COUNCIL Center Director, Tom Jordan Mary Lou Zoback, Chair, Risk Management Solutions Deputy Director, Greg Beroza Jeffrey Freymueller, Chair-Designate, U. Alaska Associate Director for Administration, John McRaney Gail Atkinson, U. Western Ontario Associate Director for Communication, Education, Roger Bilham, U. of Colorado (new member 2010) and Outreach, Mark Benthien Donna Eberhart-Phillips, UC Davis Associate Director for Information Technology, Phil Maechling John Filson, U.S. Geological Survey (Emeritus) Special Projects and Events Coordinator, Tran Huynh Jim Goltz, CalEMA Research Contracts and Grants Coordinator, Steve Mahin, PEER Karen Young Anne Meltzer, Lehigh University Administrative Coordinator, Deborah Gormley Denis Mileti, U. Colorado (Emeritus) Education Programs Manager, Robert de Groot M. Meghan Miller, UNAVCO Digital Products Manager, John Marquis Farzad Naeim, John A. Martin & Associates Research Programmers, Scott Callaghan, Sandarsh (new member 2010) Kumar, Maria Liukis, Kevin Milner, Patrick Small John Vidale, U. Washington (new member 2010) Systems Administrator, John Yu Andrew Whittaker, U. Buffalo (new member 2010) SCEC PLANNING COMMITTEE SCEC BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chair, Greg Beroza Tom Jordan, Chair, USC Seismology, Egill Hauksson, Elizabeth Cochran Lisa Grant-Ludwig, Vice-Chair, UCI Tectonic Geodesy, Jessica Moraleda, Rowena Lohman Ralph Archuleta, UCSB Earthquake Geology, Mike Oskin, James Dolan Peter Bird, UCLA Unified Structural Representation, John Shaw, David Bowman, CSUF Kim Olsen Tom Brocher, USGS Menlo, liaison (non-voting) Fault and Rupture Mechanics, Judith Chester, Ruth Harris Emily Brodsky, UCSC Crustal Deformation Modeling, Liz Hearn, Jim Brune, UNR Kaj Johnson Steve Day, SDSU Lithospheric Architecture and Dynamics, Paul Davis, Thorsten Becker James Dieterich, UCR Earthquake Forecasting and Predictability, Yuri Fialko, UCSD Terry Tullis, Jeanne Hardebeck Tom Herring, MIT Ground Motion Prediction, Brad Aagaard, Rob Graves Ken Hudnut, USGS Pasadena, liaison (non-voting) Seismic Hazard and Risk Analysis, Paul Somerville, Nadia Lapusta, CalTech Nicolas Luco Jim Rice, Harvard Southern San Andreas Fault Evaluation, Tom Rockwell, Kate Scharer Paul Segall, Stanford Working Group on California Earthquake Bruce Shaw, Columbia Probabilities, Ned Field Jill McCarthy, USGS Golden, liaison (non-voting) Collaboratory for the tudy of Earthquake Predictability, Tom Jordan, Danijel Schorlemmer Extreme Ground Motion, Tom Hanks Community Modeling Environment, Phil Maechling ii | Southern California Earthquake Center Table of Contents Table of Contents SCEC ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAM............................................................................................ 1 WORKSHOP DESCRIPTIONS AND AGENDAS.............................................................................. 5 Workshop on Transient Anomalous Strain Detection ......................................................... 5 Extreme Ground Motion (ExGM) Workshop: The Last Hurrah ........................................ 6 Source Inversion Validation (SIV) Workshop....................................................................... 7 Coulomb 3.2 Short Course ....................................................................................................... 8 Southern San Andreas Fault Evaluation (SoSAFE) Workshop........................................... 9 The Great California ShakeOut Workshop for Science Educators................................... 10 Engineering Workshop on Tall Building Safety ................................................................. 11 STATE OF SCEC, 2010 .................................................................................................................. 13 Welcome to the 2010 Annual Meeting ................................................................................. 13 Goals of the Meeting ............................................................................................................... 13 SCEC4 Proposal ....................................................................................................................... 14 Organization and Leadership................................................................................................ 17 Center Budget and Project Funding ..................................................................................... 20 Communication, Education, and Outreach......................................................................... 21 A Word of Thanks ................................................................................................................... 23 REPORT OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL....................................................................................... 24 SCEC COMMUNICATION, EDUCATION, AND OUTREACH........................................................ 36 RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS............................................................................................... 46 Disciplinary Activities ............................................................................................................ 46 Seismology ........................................................................................................................ 46 Tectonic Geodesy .............................................................................................................. 63 Earthquake Geology .......................................................................................................... 67 Interdisciplinary Focus Areas................................................................................................ 70 Unified Structural Representation ................................................................................... 70 Fault Rupture and Mechanics.......................................................................................... 77 Crustal Deformation Modeling ........................................................................................ 88 Lithospheric Architecture and Dynamics......................................................................... 92 Earthquake Forecasting and Predictability..................................................................... 105 Ground Motion Prediction ............................................................................................. 109 Seismic Hazard and Risk Analysis................................................................................. 120 Special Projects....................................................................................................................... 126 Southern San Andreas Fault Evaluation ....................................................................... 126 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities ................................................ 126 Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability .............................................. 126 Extreme Ground Motion Project.................................................................................... 128 Community Modeling Environment.............................................................................. 132 2010 SCEC Annual Meeting | iii Table of Contents DRAFT 2011 SCIENCE PLAN ......................................................................................................139 I. Introduction.........................................................................................................................139 II. Guidelines for Proposal Submission ..............................................................................139 III. SCEC Organization..........................................................................................................140 IV. Proposal Categories.........................................................................................................141 V. Evaluation Process and Criteria......................................................................................142 VI. Coordination of Research between SCEC and USGS-EHRP.....................................144 VII. SCEC3 Science Priorities ...............................................................................................144 VIII. Disciplinary Activities..................................................................................................146 A. Seismology..................................................................................................................146 B. Tectonic Geodesy ........................................................................................................147 C. Earthquake Geology....................................................................................................148 IX. Interdisciplinary Focus Areas ........................................................................................150 A. Unified Structural Representation (USR).................................................................150
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Slip Rate of the Western Garlock Fault, at Clark Wash, Near Lone Tree Canyon, Mojave Desert, California
    Slip rate of the western Garlock fault, at Clark Wash, near Lone Tree Canyon, Mojave Desert, California Sally F. McGill1†, Stephen G. Wells2, Sarah K. Fortner3*, Heidi Anderson Kuzma1**, John D. McGill4 1Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, California 92407-2397, USA 2Desert Research Institute, PO Box 60220, Reno, Nevada 89506-0220, USA 3Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1215 W Dayton St., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA 4Department of Physics, California State University, San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, California 92407-2397, USA *Now at School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, 275 Mendenhall Laboratory, 125 S. Oval Mall, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA **Now at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 760 Davis Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720-1710, USA ABSTRACT than rates inferred from geodetic data. The ously published slip-rate estimates from a simi- high rate of motion on the western Garlock lar time period along the central section of the The precise tectonic role of the left-lateral fault is most consistent with a model in which fault (Clark and Lajoie, 1974; McGill and Sieh, Garlock fault in southern California has the western Garlock fault acts as a conju- 1993). This allows us to assess how the slip rate been controversial. Three proposed tectonic gate shear to the San Andreas fault. Other changes as a function of distance along strike. models yield signifi cantly different predic- mechanisms, involving extension north of the Our results also fi ll an important temporal niche tions for the slip rate, history, orientation, Garlock fault and block rotation at the east- between slip rates estimated at geodetic time and total bedrock offset as a function of dis- ern end of the fault may be relevant to the scales (past decade or two) and fault motions tance along strike.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate History Spanning the Past 17,000 Years at the Bottom of a South Island Lake
    VOL. 98 NO. 10 OCT 2017 Lakebed Cores Record Shifting Winds Cell Phone App Aids Irrigation Earth & Space Science News Red/Blue and Peer Review A New Clue about CO2 UPTAKE Act Now to Save on Registration and Housing Early Registration Deadline: 3 November 2017, 11:59 P.M. ET Housing Deadline: 15 November 2017, 11:59 P.M. ET fallmeeting.agu.org Earth & Space Science News Contents OCTOBER 2017 PROJECT UPDATE VOLUME 98, ISSUE 10 12 Shifting Winds Write Their History on a New Zealand Lake Bed A team of scientists finds a year-by-year record of climate history spanning the past 17,000 years at the bottom of a South Island lake. PROJECT UPDATE 18 Growing More with Less Using Cell Phones and Satellite Data Researchers from the University of Washington and Pakistan are using 21st-century technology to revive farming as a profitable profession in the Indus 24 Valley. OPINION COVER Red/Blue Assessing a New Clue 10 and Peer Review Healthy skepticism has long formed the to How Much Carbon Plants Take Up foundation of the scientific peer review Current climate models disagree on how much carbon dioxide land ecosystems take up process. Will anything substantively new be for photosynthesis. Tracking the stronger carbonyl sulfide signal could help. gleaned from a red team/blue team exercise? Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 1 Contents DEPARTMENTS Editor in Chief Barbara T. Richman: AGU, Washington, D. C., USA; eos_ [email protected] Editors Christina M. S. Cohen Wendy S. Gordon Carol A. Stein California Institute Ecologia Consulting, Department of Earth and of Technology, Pasadena, Austin, Texas, USA; Environmental Sciences, Calif., USA; wendy@ecologiaconsulting University of Illinois at cohen@srl .caltech.edu .com Chicago, Chicago, Ill., José D.
    [Show full text]
  • Princess Princess Anime Trailer
    Princess princess anime trailer Princess Princess DVD Trailer. MediaB . I wonder if I can be a princess, LOL.​ this is not yaoi or yuri anime. Princess Principal (Trailer anime ). Just Anime. Loading Unsubscribe from Just Anime? Cancel. Heute habe ich einen kleine Trailer zu einem Anime geschnitten den ich sehr mag. „princess princess. Princess Princess Trailer. YamiYugiSetoJoey4. Loading Unsubscribe from YamiYugiSetoJoey4? Cancel. Premier - July Sountrack - Mission Imposible. Princess trailer. Almaschy Flamin The trailer spoils a few things.​. Read more. Show less @EffectFreak4. Now Available from Nozomi Entertainment at ! In the male-dominated sport of. PRINCESS ist ein ungewöhnlicher und fulminanter Animationsfilm (für Erwachsene) in bester Anime. プリンセス・プリンシパル Other: Princess Principal Genre: Advanture, Action Synopsis The. Princess Principal | TV Anime | Trailer Anime verano | CM | Julio 9. Estidio Otaku. Loading. Murder Princess - Complete Box Set Trailer Princess Alita crosses paths with the infamous bounty hunter. Corpse Princess Trailer Buy the complete series part one and two on DVD at Part 1. Find and purchase our anime titles from the following select retailers: NISA Online Store (http://store. Rumbling Hearts Trailer - Duration: dragonballmarcus , views · · The Worst Anime Ever. The White Princess Official Trailer (). The White Princess () · WATCH NOW. Amazon Video. Related Videos. 1 of 7. The White Princess Official Trailer. Shirley Temple stars in her first color movie, The Little Princess (), as an orphan who must endure a nasty. Crunchyroll - Yona of the Dawn Full episodes streaming online for free || Watch a little princess grow into a strong, battle-ready woman. Their names seem. "Princess Princess" ist ein Anime mit dem Hauptgenre Komödie ☆ Rang ✓ Screenshots ✓ Wallpaper.
    [Show full text]
  • Tectonic Influences on the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of the Walker Lane: an Incipient Transform Fault Along the Evolving Pacific – North American Plate Boundary
    Arizona Geological Society Digest 22 2008 Tectonic influences on the spatial and temporal evolution of the Walker Lane: An incipient transform fault along the evolving Pacific – North American plate boundary James E. Faulds and Christopher D. Henry Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, 89557, USA ABSTRACT Since ~30 Ma, western North America has been evolving from an Andean type mar- gin to a dextral transform boundary. Transform growth has been marked by retreat of magmatic arcs, gravitational collapse of orogenic highlands, and periodic inland steps of the San Andreas fault system. In the western Great Basin, a system of dextral faults, known as the Walker Lane (WL) in the north and eastern California shear zone (ECSZ) in the south, currently accommodates ~20% of the Pacific – North America dextral motion. In contrast to the continuous 1100-km-long San Andreas system, discontinuous dextral faults with relatively short lengths (<10-250 km) characterize the WL-ECSZ. Cumulative dextral displacement across the WL-ECSZ generally decreases northward from ≥60 km in southern and east-central California, to ~25 km in northwest Nevada, to negligible in northeast California. GPS geodetic strain rates average ~10 mm/yr across the WL-ECSZ in the western Great Basin but are much less in the eastern WL near Las Vegas (<2 mm/ yr) and along the northwest terminus in northeast California (~2.5 mm/yr). The spatial and temporal evolution of the WL-ECSZ is closely linked to major plate boundary events along the San Andreas fault system. For example, the early Miocene elimination of microplates along the southern California coast, southward steps in the Rivera triple junction at 19-16 Ma and 13 Ma, and an increase in relative plate motions ~12 Ma collectively induced the first major episode of deformation in the WL-ECSZ, which began ~13 Ma along the N60°W-trending Las Vegas Valley shear zone.
    [Show full text]
  • NEPEC) 1 September 2016, 12:00 to 2:00 PM EDT, Via Phone and Webex
    Meeting summary: National Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council (NEPEC) 1 September 2016, 12:00 to 2:00 PM EDT, via phone and Webex Main topics: 1. Completion of NEPEC statement on proper posing and testing of earthquake predictions. 2. Updates on previous topics. 3. Chair transition. Note: Copies of presentations noted below available on request to Michael Blanpied <[email protected]>. Agenda: The meeting was opened at 12:05 PM, with members, speakers and guests joined by phone and logged into a Webex session for sharing of slide presentations. After a roll call (attendees are listed at the end of this summary) and review of the agenda, Mike Blanpied and Bill Leith thanked and praised Terry Tullis for his outstanding service as chair of the NEPEC, and welcomed Roland Bürgmann to the chairmanship. Discussion of draft NEPEC statement, with goal of completing for delivery to USGS Tullis asked members for comments on a draft report, “Evaluation of Earthquake Predictions,” which the council has prepared at the request of USGS. Hearing no comments, Tullis thanked a writing team that had led the final phase of document development, and declared the document final and approved. Decision: NEPEC declared final their opinion document, “Evaluation of Earthquake Predictions.” Action: Tullis to send the report with cover letter to USGS Director Suzette Kimball. Update on Pacific Northwest earthquake communication plan development Joan Gomberg summarized progress of a project that aims to create an earthquake risk communications plan for the Casacadia region encompassing the western reaches of Washington, Oregon, northern California and British Columbia. NEPEC had earlier identified the need for such a plan, noting that it will be challenging for earthquake science experts residing in many federal, state and private institutions to swiftly agree on data interpretation and conclusions when faced with “situations of concern” such as a large offshore earthquake, large subduction interface creep event, or maverick earthquake prediction that catches public attention.
    [Show full text]
  • Martian Crater Morphology
    ANALYSIS OF THE DEPTH-DIAMETER RELATIONSHIP OF MARTIAN CRATERS A Capstone Experience Thesis Presented by Jared Howenstine Completion Date: May 2006 Approved By: Professor M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Professor Christopher Condit, Geology Professor Judith Young, Astronomy Abstract Title: Analysis of the Depth-Diameter Relationship of Martian Craters Author: Jared Howenstine, Astronomy Approved By: Judith Young, Astronomy Approved By: M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Approved By: Christopher Condit, Geology CE Type: Departmental Honors Project Using a gridded version of maritan topography with the computer program Gridview, this project studied the depth-diameter relationship of martian impact craters. The work encompasses 361 profiles of impacts with diameters larger than 15 kilometers and is a continuation of work that was started at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas under the guidance of Dr. Walter S. Keifer. Using the most ‘pristine,’ or deepest craters in the data a depth-diameter relationship was determined: d = 0.610D 0.327 , where d is the depth of the crater and D is the diameter of the crater, both in kilometers. This relationship can then be used to estimate the theoretical depth of any impact radius, and therefore can be used to estimate the pristine shape of the crater. With a depth-diameter ratio for a particular crater, the measured depth can then be compared to this theoretical value and an estimate of the amount of material within the crater, or fill, can then be calculated. The data includes 140 named impact craters, 3 basins, and 218 other impacts. The named data encompasses all named impact structures of greater than 100 kilometers in diameter.
    [Show full text]
  • Rood Et Al 2011 EPSL SNFFZ.Pdf
    This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Earth and Planetary Science Letters 301 (2011) 457–468 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth and Planetary Science Letters journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Spatiotemporal patterns of fault slip rates across the Central Sierra Nevada frontal fault zone Dylan H. Rood a,b,⁎, Douglas W. Burbank a, Robert C. Finkel c,d a Department of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA b Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA c CEREGE, Aix en Provence, France d Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA article info abstract Article history: Patterns in fault slip rates through time and space are examined across the transition from the Sierra Nevada Received 23 June 2010 to the Eastern California Shear Zone–Walker Lane belt. At each of four sites along the eastern Sierra Nevada Received in revised form 30 October 2010 frontal fault zone between 38 and 39° N latitude, geomorphic markers, such as glacial moraines and outwash Accepted 2 November 2010 terraces, are displaced by a suite of range-front normal faults.
    [Show full text]
  • Elmer C. Aldrich
    PLANNING MILESTONES FOR THE PARK UNITS AND MAJOR PROPERTIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS SYSTEM July 1, 2010 Planning Division California State Parks P. O. Box 942896 Sacramento, CA 94296-0001 PLANNING MILESTONES FOR THE PARK UNITS AND MAJOR PROPERTIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE CALIFORNIA STATE PARK SYSTEM July 1, 2010 OVERVIEW This document is a compendium providing selected information on the classified units and major unclassified properties which currently are or have in the past been associated with the California State Park System. The main purposes of this compendium are to provide, in a single source: 1. a record of the major milestones and achievements in unit-level land use and management planning which have been accomplished through the years by the Department, with the major accomplishments of the last year summarized in Chapter II; 2. a variety of other information useful to understanding the past history or current status of these units and properties, and of the evolution of unit-level land use and resource management planning in the Department; and 3. The definitive number and the specific identity of those basic classified units and major unclassified properties which constitute the official State Park System as of the date of this report’s publication. As of July 1, 2010, the California State Park System consists of 278 basic classified units and major unclassified properties. These are identified on Lists 1 and 2 in Chapter III. To have data current to July 1, 2010, this total will be the Department’s official figure until the next edition of this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemehuevi Valley Groundwater Basin Bulletin 118
    Hydrologic Region Colorado River California’s Groundwater Chemehuevi Valley Groundwater Basin Bulletin 118 Chemehuevi Valley Groundwater Basin • Groundwater Basin Number: 7-43 • County: San Bernardino • Surface Area: 273,000 acres (427 square miles) Basin Boundaries and Hydrology This basin underlies Chemehuevi Valley in eastern San Bernardino County. The basin is bounded by Havasu Lake on the east and by nonwater-bearing rocks of the Sacramento Mountains on the north, of the Chemehuevi Mountains on the northeast, of the Whipple Mountains on the southeast, of the Turtle Mountains on the west and south (Bishop 1963). The valley is drained by Chemehuevi Wash to Havasu Lake. Annual average precipitation ranges from about 4 to 6 inches. Hydrogeologic Information Water Bearing Formations Groundwater in the basin is found in alluvium and the Bouse Formation. Alluvium. Holocene age younger alluvium, which is found in washes and the floodplain of the Colorado River, is composed of sand, silt and gravel (Metzger and Loeltz 1973). Older alluvium consists of unconsolidated, fine- to coarse-grained sand, pebbles, and boulders with variable amounts of silt and clay. Bouse Formation. The Pliocene age Bouse Formation is composed of a basal limestone bed overlain by interbedded clay, silt, and sand. Thickness of the formation reaches 254 feet (Metzger and Loeltz 1973). The formation is underlain by locally derived fanglomerate and overlain by alluviums of the Colorado River and its tributaries. Restrictive Structures An unnamed fault crosses a portion of the southern side of the basin (Bishop 1963), but it is not known whether or not this fault impedes groundwater flow in the basin.
    [Show full text]
  • Yellowstone Plume Trigger for Basin and Range Extension, and Coeval Emplacement of the Nevada–Columbia Basin Magmatic Belt
    Geosphere, published online on 17 February 2015 as doi:10.1130/GES01051.1 Cenozoic Tectonics, Magmatism, and Stratigraphy of the Snake River Plain–Yellowstone Region and AdjacentYellowstone Areas plume themed trigger issuefor Basin and Range extension Yellowstone plume trigger for Basin and Range extension, and coeval emplacement of the Nevada–Columbia Basin magmatic belt Victor E. Camp1, Kenneth L. Pierce2, and Lisa A. Morgan3 1Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA 2U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, Box 2, Bozeman, Montana 59715, USA 3U.S. Geological Survey, 973 Federal Center, Box 25046, Denver, Colorado 80225-0046, USA ABSTRACT and Range. It was not the sole cause of Basin Juan de Fuca–Farallon plates, tractional forces and Range extension, but rather the catalyst applied to the base of the lithosphere, buoyancy Widespread extension began across the for extension of the Nevadaplano, which was forces associated with lithospheric density varia- northern and central Basin and Range already on the verge of regional collapse. tions, and basal normal forces associated with Province at 17–16 Ma, contemporaneous mantle upwelling and/or gravitational insta- with magmatism along the Nevada–Colum- INTRODUCTION bilities. They concluded that boundary forces bia Basin magmatic belt, a linear zone of associated with plate interaction would produce dikes and volcanic centers that extends for The Basin and Range Province is one of the neither the magnitude nor the rates of extension >1000 km, from southern Nevada to the best exposed extensional areas in the world for observed in the northern and central Basin and Columbia Basin of eastern Washington.
    [Show full text]
  • Movement and Resource Selection by Feral Goats In
    MOVEMENT AND RESOURCE SELECTION BY FERAL GOATS IN A HAWAIIAN MONTANE DRY LANDSCAPE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND CONSERVATION BIOLOGY) AUGUST 2012 By Mark William Chynoweth Thesis Committee: Creighton M. Litton, Co-Chairperson Christopher A. Lepczyk, Co-Chairperson Steven C. Hess Acknowledgements The work presented in this thesis is a result of an extensive collaboration between the Wildlife Ecology Lab and Ecosystem Ecology Lab at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, the Institute for Pacific Islands Forestry of the USDA Forest Service, the Global Ecology Lab at Stanford University, and many other professionals, academics, students and citizens who helped me along the way. I would like to thank all those involved in this collaboration for the opportunity to complete this research. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (Grant No. 2010094953 to M. Chynoweth); USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry (Research Joint Venture 08-JV-11272177-074 to C.M. Litton); and the W.T. Yoshimoto Foundation Endowed Fellowship in Animal Wildlife Conservation Biology (to M. Chynoweth). I would like to thank the co-chairs of my committee, Drs. Creighton M. Litton and Christopher A. Lepczyk for their help throughout my experience at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. This work would not have been possible without them. I would also like to thank my third committee member, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • 150 Geologic Facts About California
    California Geological Survey - 150th Anniversary 150 Geologic Facts about California California’s geology is varied and complex. The high mountains and broad valleys we see today were created over long periods of time by geologic processes such as fault movement, volcanism, sea level change, erosion and sedimentation. Below are 150 facts about the geology of California and the California Geological Survey (CGS). General Geology and Landforms 1 California has more than 800 different geologic units that provide a variety of rock types, mineral resources, geologic structures and spectacular scenery. 2 Both the highest and lowest elevations in the 48 contiguous states are in California, only 80 miles apart. The tallest mountain peak is Mt. Whitney at 14,496 feet; the lowest elevation in California and North America is in Death Valley at 282 feet below sea level. 3 California’s state mineral is gold. The Gold Rush of 1849 caused an influx of settlers and led to California becoming the 31st state in 1850. 4 California’s state rock is serpentine. It is apple-green to black in color and is often mottled with light and dark colors, similar to a snake. It is a metamorphic rock typically derived from iron- and magnesium-rich igneous rocks from the Earth’s mantle (the layer below the Earth’s crust). It is sometimes associated with fault zones and often has a greasy or silky luster and a soapy feel. 5 California’s state fossil is the saber-toothed cat. In California, the most abundant fossils of the saber-toothed cat are found at the La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles.
    [Show full text]