DOCSLIB.ORG

State of Oregon • Department of Geology and Mineral

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
State of Oregon • Department of Geology and Mineral Marine Science Laboratory Oregon State University Vol. 34, No. 7 July 1972 • STATE OF OREGON • DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES The Ore Bin Published Monthly By • STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES • Head Office: 1069 State Office Bldg., Portland, Oregon - 97201 Telephone: 229 - 5580 FIELD OFFICES 2033 First Street 521 N. E. "E" Street Baker 97814 Grants Pass 97526 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Subscription rate - $2.00 per calendar year Available back issues $.25 each Second class postage paid at Portland, Oregon 'k 5Z 5Z 5z 5Z 5z k ',Z• 5?` 0 GOVERNING BOARD • Fayette I. Bristol, Rogue River, Chairman R. W. deWeese, Portland William E. Miller, Bend STATE GEOLOGIST R. E. Corcoran GEOLOGISTS IN CHARGE OF FIELD OFFICES Norman S. Wagner, Baker Len Ramp, Grants Pass 5* 5* 5Z 5* 5* 'k 5* 5* 5* 5* 5* '`,,* 5* 5* 5* 'k 5* 5* 5* 'k Permission is granted to reprint information contained herein. • Credit given the State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries for compiling this information will be appreciated. • State of Oregon The ORE BIN Department of Geology Volume 34,No.7 and Mineral Industries 1069 State Office Bldg. July 1972 Is Portland Oregon 97201 S THE TRACE FOSSIL TISOA IN WASHINGTON AND OREGON Robert W. Frey* and John G. Cowles** Introduction Recently we described and interpreted some specimens of the trace fossil Tisoa from the Tertiary of Washington (Frey and Cowles, 1969), the first reported occurrence of this fossil burrow in North America. Specimens were collected near Megler, Washington, along a bluff facing the Columbia River (Figure 1); the fossils weathered out of the Lincoln Creek Formation. Dis- tinct variations in trace fossil morphology were observed, representing differences in behavior of the animals responsible for the burrows. • • • Figure 1. The Megler locality, Pacific County, Washington. (On Columbia River, approximately 400 feet east of boundary • between sections 8 and 9, T. 9 N., R. 9 W.) * University of Georgia Department of Geology, Athens 30601 ** Route 1, Box 96, Rainier, Oregon 97048 113 Tisoa has since been identified at various other places in Washington, but until very recently all of our attempts to locate specimens in Oregon opposite the Megler locality had failed. The fossil is now known from the • Astoria Formation (early Miocene). Considering the potential environmental, paleoecological, and pale- ontological significance of trace fossils generally (Frey, 1970, 1971), fur- • ther searches should be undertaken in Oregon and Washington, aimed at documenting variations in, and the stratigraphic and facies distributions of, this fossil burrow. Characteristics of Tisoa Megler specimens of Tisoa typically consist of two parallel tubes con- tained within elongate calcareous concretions (Figure 2A, B), which are thus very similar to specimens reported from other countries (1•Iiintzschel, 1962, Figure 137.4; 1965). The concretions collected by us are of assorted sizes but are invariably less than 15 cm in length and 7 cm in diameter. The enclosed tubes are generally 1 to 1 .4 cm in diameter, and they run the full length of the host concretion; distances between adjacent tubes range from 2.5 to 7 mm (Frey and Cowles, 1969, Figure 1). Individual tubes are com- monly lined with diagenetic pyrite, and the pairs of tubes may also be encircled by a thin layer of pyrite (Figure 3C, D). These tubes, evidently OD remaining open for a time during deposition of Lincoln Creek sediments, were eventually filled with a variety of detrital and diagenetic minerals. • Actually, rare specimens from Megler show that the "normal" twin tubes are in reality fragments of the upper part of a single U-shaped tube (Figure 3A), conceivably as much as a meter in original length (Heintzschel, 1962, p. W218). U-shaped fragments are less common now than "normal" specimens because (1) the break-up of the original structure produced more fragments of the upper part than of the basal part (Figure 4C), and (2) the basal part may have been less well constructed by the burrowing animal originally (Frey and Cowles, 1969, p. 19). Rare Megler specimens also show that the tubes are not invariably straight (Figure 4A) and that the twin tubes may branch into additional pairs of tubes (Figure 4B). Furthermore, single-tube varieties of Tisoa are fairly common at this locality (Figure 2C); although these are identical to "normal" specimens in all other respects, no evidence for an original second tube has been observed. Peculiarly, many of the tisoans observed at various places in Wash- ington, other than Megler, consist predominantly of the single-tube variety, • and at some localities the "normal" twin tubes are apparently very rare. Weldon W. Rau (1968, personal communication) wrote us that: • "Although we frequently find concretions with a single tube of some sort in the middle, I do not recall ever seeing any like your specimens with the double tube. Those I have 114 enclosed (by mail) are not particularly good specimens but are a sample from outcrops where I saw hundreds and pos- • sibly thousands. They were all oriented with the long axis normal to bedding. They range from a few inches up to possibly 8 inches in length. They all seem to have evidence • of a crude tube through the middle." 2 cm • Figure 2. Tisoans from Megler. A,B. Typical double-tube specimens. C. Typical single-tube specimen. D. Bivalve Lucinoma cf. L. acutilineata (Conrad) embedded in tisoan concretion. E. Fish fin on side of tisoan concretion. 115 • 2 cm Figure 3. Tisoans from Megler. A. Longitudinal section through U-shaped tube (outlined in ink). B. Longitudinal view of tube fragment, mostly weathered out of its concretion, showing scratch marks. C. Transverse • view of tisoan having pyrite concentrations around tubes and circumfer- ence of concretion. D. Transverse section through concretion contain- • ing three pairs of tubes, each lined with pyrite (cf. Figure 4B). The morphological variations and interrelationships among local and regional assemblages of Tisoa thus clearly need additional study. Such work may eventually show that- the genus is too broadly conceived and that it could realistically be split into two genera, although we would certainly discourage taxonomic splitting if possible (see Frey, 1971, p. 103-104). Interpretation of Tisoa The wall linings seen in many tisoan tubes suggest that the burrowing animal reinforced its domicile with organic secretions, which later reacted biogeochemically and thus helped concentrate secondary minerals such as pyrite (see Frey, 1971, p. 101-102). These alterations and the formation of enveloping concretions took place early in diagenesis, as suggested by a nearly intact fish fin and a closely articulated clam found embedded in • tisoon concretions (Figure 20, E); otherwise, bioturbation and other sedi- mentary and diagenetic processes probably would have disarticulatecl and • scattered these fossil remains. On the basis of morphology, requisite behavior, and the presence of small scratch marks on certain burrow walls (Figure 3B), we interpret Tisoa 116 B Figure 4. Reconstructions of Megler tisoans. A. Spiraled tubes. • B. Branched tubes (cf. Figure 3D). C. Hypothetical specimen illustrating how several short, double-tube tisoans may be der- • ived from a single long, U-shaped tube. as the dwelling burrow of a shrimp- or amphipod-like arthropod (Frey and Cowles, 1969, p. 20). None of our burrow specimens contain arthropod remains, and virtually none of the fossil arthropods reported by Weaver (1942) are likely candidates; yet arthropod remains are rarely found even in well-documented Holocene and fossil arthropod burrows (Bromley, 1967, p. 170-172). A possible exception among invertebrates reported by Weaver are such decapods as Callianassa knapptonensis (Rathbun, 1926, p. 112-113, Pl. 38, Figure 4), collected from the Oligocene near Megler. By analogy with the Holocene shrimp C. californiensis (Warme, 1967), C. knapptonensis conceiv- ably could have constructed tisoan burrows having smooth exteriors, rather than the more popularly known knobby exteriors of Holocene C. major bur- rows and Ophiomorpha (Weimer and Hoyt, 1964). Callianassa californiensis l imbs, • does not, of course, make U-shaped burrows having closely oppressed but certain other features of the burrow are somewhat comparable. Overall, the burrowing habits reflected by Megler tisoans are more • like that of the Holocene amphipod Corophium volutator (see 1-16ntzschel, 1939), although the tisoan organism must have been substantially larger in size. 117 Distribution of Tisoa Tisoa was previously known only from foreign localities, including the • Oligocene of Tunisia, Cretaceous of Russia, and Jurassic of France and Madagascar (Heintzschel, 1962, p. W218). Hartmut U. Wiedemann (1970, personal communication) informed us that he has also observed the trace fos- • sil in Jurassic marls near Aalen, Wiirttenberg, Germany. Specimens from all of these localities consist predominantly of the twin-tube variety. We have collected additional specimens southeast of Megler, espe- cially on the western slope of K M Mountain, half a mile or more below the summit, along U.S. Highway 101. Weldon W. Rau (1968, 1971, personal communications) notes having seen Tisoa-like concretions in several other places, including the structures mentioned in his report on the Quinault Formation (Rau, 1970, p. 10). We examined a few of his specimens and found them extremely similar to those from Megler. Specimens from all of these localities consist mostly (or perhaps wholly) of the single-tube variety however. In contrast, we have not personally located any unequivocal tisoans in Oregon. On the Oregon side of the Columbia we collected certain of the fossils and other concretions associated with Tisoa at Megler but no unmistakable evidence of Tisoa itself. Recently, however, Sam Boggs of the University of Oregon informed us (1971, personal communication) that • he has collected a few specimens from an area along Youngs River near Astoria; we examined some of these specimens (from the Astoria Formation) • and indeed found them to be single- and double-tube varieties of Tisoa, the latter being rare.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gaits and Their Development in the Infraorder Pecora by Anne Innis
    Gaits and Their Development in the Infraorder Pecora by Anne Innis Dagg, M.A. THESIS Presented to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of the University of Waterloo in partial ful­ fillmenc of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosopty in Biolog The University of Waterloo February, 1967 The University of Waterloo requires the signature of all persons using this thesis. Please sign below, and give address and date. I hereby declare that I am the sole a�thor of this thesis. I authorize the University of Waterloo to lend it to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. Signature Abstract The gaits of twenty-eight species of the Infraorder Pecora are analyzed from motion picture sequences comprising over 45,000 frames. For each gait the percentage time spent on the various supporting legs during each stride and the order in which the combinations of supporting legs were used are tabulated. When possible the times for the strides are calculated. The walk patterns of each of the four families studied are shown to be statistically distinctive. Within each family, those members that live where the vegetation is so dense that they must rely on hearing to warn them of danger use a more stable walk than those species that inhabit open grasslands. A stable walk is that in which diagonal legs are used in·preference to lateral legs and three or four supporting legs are used rather than two. With a more stable walk, 4 species is able to pause quickly and to flee instantly if danger thr�atens.
    [Show full text]
  • Whole-Genome Sequencing of Wild Siberian Musk
    Yi et al. BMC Genomics (2020) 21:108 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-6495-2 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Whole-genome sequencing of wild Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) provides insights into its genetic features Li Yi1†, Menggen Dalai2*†, Rina Su1†, Weili Lin3, Myagmarsuren Erdenedalai4, Batkhuu Luvsantseren4, Chimedragchaa Chimedtseren4*, Zhen Wang3* and Surong Hasi1* Abstract Background: Siberian musk deer, one of the seven species, is distributed in coniferous forests of Asia. Worldwide, the population size of Siberian musk deer is threatened by severe illegal poaching for commercially valuable musk and meat, habitat losses, and forest fire. At present, this species is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. However, the genetic information of Siberian musk deer is largely unexplored. Results: Here, we produced 3.10 Gb draft assembly of wild Siberian musk deer with a contig N50 of 29,145 bp and a scaffold N50 of 7,955,248 bp. We annotated 19,363 protein-coding genes and estimated 44.44% of the genome to be repetitive. Our phylogenetic analysis reveals that wild Siberian musk deer is closer to Bovidae than to Cervidae. Comparative analyses showed that the genetic features of Siberian musk deer adapted in cold and high-altitude environments. We sequenced two additional genomes of Siberian musk deer constructed demographic history indicated that changes in effective population size corresponded with recent glacial epochs. Finally, we identified several candidate genes that may play a role in the musk secretion based on transcriptome analysis. Conclusions: Here, we present a high-quality draft genome of wild Siberian musk deer, which will provide a valuable genetic resource for further investigations of this economically important musk deer.
    [Show full text]
  • AN AMERICAN FOSSIL GIRAFFE Giraffa Nebrascensis, Sp. Nov
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, University of Nebraska State Museum 1925 AN AMERICAN FOSSIL GIRAFFE irG affa nebrascensis, sp. nov. W. D. Matthew E. H. Barbour Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museumbulletin Part of the Entomology Commons, Geology Commons, Geomorphology Commons, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Paleobiology Commons, Paleontology Commons, and the Sedimentology Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. BULLETIN 4 VOLUME 1 APRIL 1925 THE NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM ERWIN H. BARBOUR, Director AN AMERICAN FOSSIL GIRAFFE Giraffa nebrascensis, sp. nov. By W. D. MATTHEW E. H. BARBOUR A fragment of the lower jaw of a large fossil mammal with two well-worn teeth was dug up in June 1918, at a depth of 20 feet, while digging a cess pool at Bradshaw, York County, Nebraska. This unique specimen, accessioned 7-7-18, was brought to the Nebraska State Museum by A. Archie Dorsey, and was donated by C. B. Palmet, both of Bradshaw. It undoubtedly occurred in loess, which is thickly as well. as extensively de­ veloped in this region. It is a ruminant jaw, the teeth preserved being P4 and m 1 • The characteristic pattern of the premolar excludes refer­ ence to the Bovidae, and leaves the choice between the Gi­ raffidae, Pa~aeomerycidae, and certain large Cervidae.
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Systematics and Evolution of the Artiodactyl Family Bovidae (Phylogeny/Ntdna Sequences/Rrna Genes/Rapid Cladogenesis) MARC W
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 89, pp. 3972-3976, May 1992 Evolution DNA systematics and evolution of the artiodactyl family Bovidae (phylogeny/ntDNA sequences/rRNA genes/rapid cladogenesis) MARC W. ALLARD, MICHAEL M. MIYAMOTO, LIANNA JARECKI, FRED KRAuS, AND MICHELE R. TENNANT Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-2009 Communicated by Charles G. Sibley, January 17, 1992 (received for review October 29, 1991) ABSTRACT Nine additional sequences from representa- outgroup representatives of the infraorder Pecora (8, 9). The tives ofdierent tribes ofthefamily Bovidae were combined with time of divergence for the bovid tribes [estimates ranging six published artiodactyl sequences to provide orthologous from 7 to 20 MA (7)] suggests that relationships within the mtDNA for investigation ofbovid phylogeny and evolution. Each family should be resolvable with this gene complex, which species was represented by a homologous 2.7-kilobase-pair evolves at a rate suitable for this analysis (10). Of the 14 stretch ofmtDNA for the complete 12S and 16S rRNA genes and commonly recognized tribes of Bovidae, only 3 (Ovibovini, three adjacent tRNA genes. These data, whencompared toother Peleini, and Rupicaprini) were not available for this sequenc- results, provided evidence for a monophyletic Bovidae and for ing study; their later inclusion will provide tests of the two clades within the family: one including the tribes Bosela- hypotheses developed herein. phini, Bovini, and Tragelaphini and another for an Antilo- pini/Neotragini grouping. AU other intrafamilial relationships MATERIALS AND METHODS were only weakly supported. These sequence comparisons sug- mtDNA sequences were collected from nine tribal represen- gest that most bovid tribes originated early in the Miocene with tatives including Aepyceros melampus (AME), Boselaphus all extant lineages present by -16-17 million years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Oligocene Ruminants from the Kızılırmak Formation, Çankırı-Çorum Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey
    Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Oligocene ruminants from the Kızılırmak Formation, Çankırı-Çorum Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey Grégoire Métais, Ebru Albayrak, Pierre-Olivier Antoine, Ozan Erdal, Levent Karadenizli, Neşe Oyal, Gerçek Saraç, Yeşim Büyükmeriç, and Sevket Sen ABSTRACT A new assemblage of ruminants from five distinct Oligocene localities of the Kızılırmak Formation, Central Anatolia, Turkey is described. The tragulids Iberomeryx parvus, and Iberomeryx sp. (large), as well as a probable large lophiomerycid have been recognized. The stem pecoran Dremotherium guthi, cf. Palaeohypsodontus and a large indeterminate Pecora have been identified as well. In the five localities, the majority of the ruminant material is referred to Iberomeryx parvus, but the sample from the locality Tepe 641 (upper member of the Kızılırmak Formation) shows some distinc- tive characters suggesting a more derived species/forms that probably lived in more open environments. The ruminant taxa recorded in the Kızılırmak Formation are con- gruent with a late Oligocene age, probably close in age to the Benara fauna of south- ern Georgia. The possible occurrence of Palaeohypsodontus in Central Anatolia would significantly expand its geographical range and suggest biogeographical affinities with Central Asia. The ruminant fauna from the Kızılırmak Formation suggests the exis- tence of lowland forests with more open landscapes in central Anatolia during the late Oligocene. Grégoire Métais. Sorbonne Universités, CR2P, MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 38, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected]. Ebru Albayrak. Natural History Museum, Maden ve Tektik Arama Genel Müdürlügü, 06520 Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] Pierre-Olivier Antoine. ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, CC64, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France, [email protected] Ozan Erdal.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleontological Resource Inventory and Monitoring, Upper Columbia Basin Network
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Upper Columbia Basin Network Paleontological Resource Inventory and Monitoring UPPER COLUMBIA BASIN NETWORK Paleontological Resource Inventory and Monitoring \ UPPER COLUMBIA BASIN NETWORK Jason P. Kenworthy Inventory and Monitoring Contractor George Washington Memorial Parkway Vincent L. Santucci Chief Ranger George Washington Memorial Parkway Michaleen McNerney Paleontological Intern Seattle, WA Kathryn Snell Paleontological Intern Seattle, WA August 2005 National Park Service, TIC #D-259 NOTE: This report provides baseline paleontological resource data to National Park Service administration and resource management staff. The report contains information regarding the location of non-renewable paleontological resources within NPS units. It is not intended for distribution to the general public. On the Cover: Well-preserved skull of the “Hagerman Horse”, Equus simplicidens , from Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument. Equus simplicidens is the earliest, most primitive known representative of the modern horse genus Equus and the state fossil of Idaho. For more information, see page 17. Photo: NPS/Smithsonian Institution. How to cite this document: Kenworthy, J.P., V. L. Santucci, M. McNerney, and K. Snell. 2005. Paleontological Resource Inventory and Monitoring, Upper Columbia Basin Network. National Park Service TIC# D-259. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Florida State Museum
    BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Volume 14 Number 2 MIOCENE AND PLIOCENE ARTIODACTYLS, TEXAS GULF COSTAL PLAIN Thomas Hudson Patton /853 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA Gainesville 1969 Numbers of the BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM are pub- lished at irregular intervals. Volumes contain about 300 pages and are not necessarily completed in any one calendar year. W,WrER AuFFENBERG, Managing Editor OLIVER L. AUSTIN, Jn., Editor Consultant for this issue: DONALD E. SAVAGE Communications concerning purchase or exchange of the publication and all manuscripts should be addressed to the Managing Editor of the Bulletin, Florida State Museum, Seagle Building, Gainesville, Florida 32601. Published June 17, 1969 Price for this issue $1.50 MIOCENE AND PLIOCENE ARTIODACTYLS, TEXAS GULF COASTAL PLAIN THOMAS HUDSON PATTON1 SYNOPSIS: Describes 27 species of fossil artiodactyls from a series of vertically successive mammalian. assemblages in Miocene and Pliocene deposits of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain and discusses their systematic positions. Among the new forms represented are two camel genera: Australocametus, the probable Aep!/cameZus ancestor, and Nothott/lopus, a very unusual member of the Proto- labis-Pliauchenia lineage. The Floridagulinae are now seen to have had a trans-Coastal Plain distribution extending in time from the middle Heming- fordian Garvin Gully Fauna through the Barstovian Cold Spring Fauna. The Gulf Coast species of the Synthetoceratinae are discussed and the phylogeny of the subfamily outlined. Evidence from this study indicates that the Gulf Coastal Plain constituted a distinct faunal province throughout most of the Tertiary. Whereas many striking similarities exist between the faunas of the Texas Coastal Plain and those of the Great Plains, several groups are true Gulf Coast autochthons.
    [Show full text]
  • Ore Bin / Oregon Geology Magazine / Journal
    ' , z·"" . - ~=;';;<5g> ·z-.- ~:; !.2 ::0 z • ~ f . C • "_. - .-£ ~ !l 0 ~ . - ~. - ~ ,~ O! 0 g...:"¥cj!5-~ , ' " ",,,.u • ~ ,>. ' ".2 '" .£ ...... ~~~ < .- ~ -f.-c oS "'- -j .=C .... >..; a __ vgo-,,"i 'j. ~ ,,;.- I'· -, _ -1'- 11-£ 3:~_ ; < Z i~J:]v~~ • ! ._u _c - .di < 0 , . • v ~..,-£}C ~.! 0 ~ 8 "'. 0 c !H~-"n:!! v._ z " ~ ... c:::; 2 r .,C," "&. , • - 'i! ~y !/;~'-g.&'... .L ~ :,;·z • •< ~ ~ " ii \!I " ~.., - 0---0 ' J:.E"'-"''''' •- ." .. c_ ""i- •Z .. ,..-"" 0 c:. ~ ~ ~~~ ~.]~] ,,~. !. ,• C I .- ." go." Ii " ." -0 cto·~·::;: · - 3:-1;~·_ -£" L 2~·li ~i ~I " .., '-3: -- <l 'c " • ~o-£ il.'O . .. • 1 ~ ... 0 ].~!~-~ r~ - .-I - • • _. r ' ! l~ J'~ " - ~~~ j'=j o· -'lj.. ,- ¥ -!~~~.! , • ~-£~ -£.g.!: 0'1i=g ~ • ~ 0 _.0_ . '! 0 "r ~ .,,1:::"&'" ;l,!] • i~·- .. >l! 8 dl!H,! ~O"1 _I.' "' .... - "~'':'ij Tisoa has since been identified at various other places in Washington, but until very recently all of our attempts to locate specimens in Oregon opposite the Megler locality had failed. The fossil is now known from the Astoria Formation (early Miocene). Consi deri ng the potentia I environmental, pa leoeco logical, and pale­ ontological significance of trace fossils generally (Frey, 1970, 1971), fur­ ther searches should be undertaken in Oregon and Washington, aimed at documenting variations in, and the stratigraphic and facies distributions of, th i s fossi I burrow. Characteristics of Tisoa Megler specimens of Tisoa typically consist of two parallel tubes con­ tained within elongate calcareous concretions (Figure 2A, B), which are thus very simi lar to specimens reported from other countri es (Hantzschel, 1962, Figure 137.4i 1965). The concretions collected by us are of assorted sizes but are invariably less than 15 em in length and 7 em in diameter.
    [Show full text]
  • National Park Service Paleontological Research
    169 NPS Fossil National Park Service Resources Paleontological Research Edited by Vincent L. Santucci and Lindsay McClelland Technical Report NPS/NRGRD/GRDTR-98/01 United States Department of the Interior•National Park Service•Geological Resource Division 167 To the Volunteers and Interns of the National Park Service iii 168 TECHNICAL REPORT NPS/NRGRD/GRDTR-98/1 Copies of this report are available from the editors. Geological Resources Division 12795 West Alameda Parkway Academy Place, Room 480 Lakewood, CO 80227 Please refer to: National Park Service D-1308 (October 1998). Cover Illustration Life-reconstruction of Triassic bee nests in a conifer, Araucarioxylon arizonicum. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH EDITED BY VINCENT L. SANTUCCI FOSSIL BUTTE NATIONAL MONUMNET P.O. BOX 592 KEMMERER, WY 83101 AND LINDSAY MCCLELLAND NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ROOM 3229–MAIN INTERIOR 1849 C STREET, N.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20240–0001 Technical Report NPS/NRGRD/GRDTR-98/01 October 1998 FORMATTING AND TECHNICAL REVIEW BY ARVID AASE FOSSIL BUTTE NATIONAL MONUMENT P. O . B OX 592 KEMMERER, WY 83101 164 165 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................................................................iii AGATE FOSSIL BEDS NATIONAL MONUMENT Additions and Comments on the Fossil Birds of Agate Fossil Beds National Monument, Sioux County, Nebraska Robert M. Chandler ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution and Mechanics of Unguligrady in Artiodactyls
    Evolution and Mechanics of Unguligrady in Artiodactyls by Andrew Brant Clifford M.S., Ohio University, 2003 B.S., Ohio University, 2000 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Providence, Rhode Island May 2010 © Copyright 2010 by Andrew Brant Clifford This dissertation by Andrew Brant Clifford is accepted in its present form by the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date_____________ ______________________________ Stephen M. Gatesy, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date_____________ ____________________________________ Christine M. Janis, Reader Date_____________ ____________________________________ Elizabeth L. Brainerd, Reader Date_____________ ____________________________________ Thomas J. Roberts, Reader Date_____________ ____________________________________ Sharon M. Swartz, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date______________ ____________________________________ Sheila Bonde, Dean of the Graduate School iii ANDREW BRANT CLIFFORD DOB: November 3, 1977; Wadsworth, Ohio Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Box G-W Brown University Providence, RI 02912 [email protected] Curriculum Vitae EDUCATION Ph.D. 2003-2009. Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Brown University. Thesis Advisor: Stephen M. Gatesy. M.S. 2001-2003. Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio Univeristy. Thesis Advisor:
    [Show full text]
  • Supplemental Figure 6. Comparative Organization of the Reconstructed Cetartiodactyl and Pecoran Ancestral Chromosomes with the Cattle Genome As a Reference
    Supplemental Figure 6. Comparative organization of the reconstructed cetartiodactyl and pecoran ancestral chromosomes with the cattle genome as a reference. Order and orientation of syntenic fragments are visualized using the Evolution Highway comparative chromosome browser. Blue and pink colors represent orientation of blocks relative to the reference, with blue indicating the same orientation, and pink indicating the opposite orientation. Pink does not always indicate an inversion because the orientation of RACFs is randomly chosen during the reconstruction. The number within each block represents a chromosome number for a reconstructed ancestor, and a lower-case letter indicates a fragment of the chromosome. Light grey blocks indicate mammalian multispecies homologous synteny blocks (msHSBs). Diamonds indicate the position of EBRs, with light and dark green showing EBRs classified as ruminant or pecoran, respectively, using FISH data. Heatmaps show the density of ruminant, cetartiodactyl, and mammalian enhancers, and ruminant gene family expansions in windows of 100 Kbp along cattle chromosomes. Cattle chr1 DESCHR_Cetartio DESCHR_Pecora Mammal 0 Cattle Ruminant Cetartiodactyl Mammal Expansions 1 1 1 1 1b 1a Bases 60000 1 40000 1 1 4.0e+07 20000 1 1a 1b 1 0 1b 1 1 1 1 1 8.0e+07 1 1 1 1a 1 1c 1 1 1 1 classification 1 1 ? 1.2e+08 1 Ruminant 1 1 1a 1b 1a 1b 1b 1b 1b 1a 1 1b 1a 1b 1b 1 1b 1a Cattle chr2 DESCHR_Cetartio DESCHR_Pecora Mammal 0 Cattle Ruminant Cetartiodactyl Mammal Expansions 6 2 2 2 6 2 Bases 2 20000 2 10000 6 2 6 2 0 2 2
    [Show full text]
  • Satellite DNA in Neotropical Deer Species
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Satellite DNA in Neotropical Deer Species Miluse Vozdova 1,* , Svatava Kubickova 1, Natália Martínková 2 , David Javier Galindo 3 , Agda Maria Bernegossi 3 , Halina Cernohorska 1, Dita Kadlcikova 1 , Petra Musilová 1 , Jose Mauricio Duarte 3 and Jiri Rubes 1 1 Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology—Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; [email protected] (S.K.); [email protected] (H.C.); [email protected] (D.K.); [email protected] (P.M.); [email protected] (J.R.) 2 Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kvetna 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic; [email protected] 3 Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 14884-900 Jaboticabal, Brazil; [email protected] (D.J.G.); [email protected] (A.M.B.); [email protected] (J.M.D.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +4205-3333-1422 Abstract: The taxonomy and phylogenetics of Neotropical deer have been mostly based on morpho- logical criteria and needs a critical revision on the basis of new molecular and cytogenetic markers. In this study, we used the variation in the sequence, copy number, and chromosome localization of satellite I-IV DNA to evaluate evolutionary relationships among eight Neotropical deer species. Using FISH with satI-IV probes derived from Mazama gouazoubira, we proved the presence of satellite DNA blocks in peri/centromeric regions of all analyzed deer. Satellite DNA was also detected in the interstitial chromosome regions of species of the genus Mazama with highly reduced chromosome numbers.
    [Show full text]