APPENDIX: WILFRED OWEN'S MISSING FOLIO
On or about 20 l\lay 1918, having juSt returned from a visit to Robert Ross in London, Wilfred Owen wrotc to his mother from Ripon, having undertaken there a major revision of all his work to that date. Significantly, he said in that letter, 'The upshot is that I am to have my work typed at once, and send it to Heinemann, who is certain 10 send it to Ross to read for him!!' No such folio of typed script has been discovered, but it is inconcei .... able that he failed to compile this for typing, particularly as the only presently known manuscripts of so many poems are of unfinished drafts, most particularly in the instance of 'Strange Meeting'. This poem's surviving manuscripts clearly demonstrate its unfinished state; they themselves comprise the prime evidence that they do not give us a fair copy of a,lintJliseti text. Those that survive have amendarions which are arguably alterna/it'( or additional, rather than ./inal. Further, there is strong evidence that the generally acknowledged version's 44 lines are far short of what Owen actually wrote. In a pre-publication list he tabulated between J\lay and July "1918, 'Strange J\[eeting' is, most importantly, listed as categorically finished and, as such, comprised/our pages of text in its./inished state. These facts are specifically and very methodically noted by Wilfred Owen in this handwritten list. None of the surviving manuscripts gives us the poem's text on more than two pages. It is therefore the case that either the whole of a./Qur page manuscript has been lost or, at the very least. ,",oJurtlur pagrs, of one or bO[h of the presently known two page manuscripts, have been lost. It seems that four pages of handwriting could comprise up to 80 lines. The manuscript of 'A Terre' comprises four pages and has 65 lines. Other poems noted by Owen in his list as ha\'ing four pages of manuscript, are not noted there as having been ./inishrd. Indeed it appears that either thrJl were somehow condensed into later versions with shorter texts, or the surviving manuscripts represent earlier versions of those poems, which were later 352 Appendix: Wilfred Owen's Missing FfJlifJ developed into funger ones, but that the manuscripts of those later, longer versions bave been lost. Manuscriptually, 'Strange Meeting' is unique as apparemly once having four pages of manuscript text in a state, confirmed by the poet himself in his own handwriting, as being thus finished. What could the missing two pages of text have contained? It seems unlikely that the killed German's Great Monologue would have continued for another 20 to 40 or so lines. It seems reasonable, therefore, to suppose that the remaining text contained a reconciliatory response from the soldier who had killed him the day before. This is a matter of great importance from every point of view, Accordingly, a methodical search should be instituted for this lost folio, whether it was actually typed or in manuscript prepared for typing. I would suggest that one could usefully stan by searching the Heinemann archives and then those connected with Roben Ross.
Robert A. Christoforides Fordingbridge,1997
RECONSIDERATIONS
Clearly Robert Christoforides is right in saying that among other things a reply by the (English Officer) killer to his (German Conscript) victim would be 'a maHer of great importance' and [hal its possible existence in manuscript or typescript form is worth pursuing. The main evidence for such a possihility appears to be Owen tabulating the poem as 'finished', and of its consisting of four (handwricten?) pages. I put a question afrer 'handwritten' because it is also possible that Owen was attempting to work out how many printed pages in a book this poem (and others) would each of them occupy. The Heinemmann 1922 edition of Isaac Rosenberg's Puems, for instance, prints 27 lines to a page. In that format, Owen's 'present' 'Strange ,\leering' would occupy two pages. But perhaps Owen was thinking of auual written rather than printed polges. Notwithstanding stationery sizes of paper, written lines of poetry usually take up more space on a page than typed or printed ones. .-/.ppentlix: Wi(fid Owen's MissinK Fulio 353 However, other disturbing questions necessarily involve the number of pages alioca[ed by Owen ro other poems, such as 'Nothing Happens' ('Exposure'), which is given four pages but which is currently comparable in length [0 the 'present' 'Strange Meeting'. On the other hand, the four pages allocated to 'Strange l\leeting' are for a poem that is according to Owen 'finished', whereas 'Nothing Happens' was not then given that status. The argument seems to resolve itself along lines of what might roughly be called 'common sense' and 'probability' as opposed to what Owen actually laid down in his earliest, admittedly most precise, carefully tabulated, list. To put the problem in its most neutral form, questions concerning the finished status of 'Strange ~Ieeting' (and its possible length) remain unresolved. Jon Silkin SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
The place of publication is London unless otherwise indicated. Dates afe those of editions cited in the text.
POETRY
Richard Aldingron, Complett: PUc'IIIS (1948) Edmund B1unden, PUrllIS 1914-1930 (1930) - Ot'atones of 1-111r: POt'lllS of the First WorM If!ur, edited with an introduction by J\lartin Taylor (1996) Gordon Bottomley, PO(llU find P/tlY.f (1952) Bertolt Brecht, Sdated POrlllS, translated by H.R. Hays (New York, 1959) Rupert Brooke, P(J(ficlIl H'iJrks, edited by Geoffrey Keynes (1946) Keith Douglas, CIJIII'Ctd PU!'II/S. edited by John Waller and G.S. Fraser (1951) ES. Flim, In tht' Net of StilI'S (1909) - Othaworfd ICufienm (1920) Ford Madox Ford, On HetH"mI1/1IfJ other Pr)t'1m (Poems written on lIetlu urt"iu) (1918) - Bucksilee, with Introductions by Robert Lowell and Kennt:th Rexroth (Cambridge, l\iaSS., 1966) - Sclectt!d Poell/s, edited and with a Preface by Basil Bunting (Cambridge, J\iass., 1971) Roy Fuller, Co"ead PU(l1l5 (1962) David Gascoyne, Cul/t!Oai Porllls (1965) Robert Graves, Fllirirs lind FU.I/"ias (1917) - Col/att'ti Pot'lm (1959) hor Gurney, Seurn lind So/mile (1917) - rtllf's Ell/bas (1919) - PO(lJlS, edited with a i\{emoir by Edmund Blunden (1954) - POt!lIlS, 189f~/937, with an Introduction by Edmund Blunden and a Bibliographical Note by Leonard Clark (1973) - CQI/ald Poe/lls, Chosen, edited and with an Introduction by P. j. Kavanagh (1982) 356 Sda/ BIMwgmph.l' Thomas Hardy, Collated PI/ellis (1952) - The Dl'ntf$(S (1930) A.E. Housman, Colluted PU(///S ( 1939) David jones, In Ptlr(l1tlJ(sis (1963) - TJI(.-/.nlltht'lIIl1tll (1952) - TIl( Tribune ')" Visitlftion (1969) Sidney Keyes, Colluted PI/euu (19~5) Rudyard Kipling, Poems (Definitive Edition, 194-0) D.H. Lawrence, Collected PI/elliS ( 1928) Alun Lewis, Raider's Damn ( 1942 ) - HII.! fill.' .-IIIIOTIK the Trumpets, with a Fore\\"ord b~- Robert Gr.n-es (190\;) - Selated POell:J/ llnd PruSt', edited with a Biographical Introduction b~- Ian Hamilton (1966) Emanuel Litvinoff, Tlte Untried Soldil'/" (1942) - "oJ Crown jor ell III (1948) Frederic )\lanning, E,ilnll!n ( 191 7) john ~lase field , Collated PI!I'IIIS (1923) Vladimir i\layako\'sky, The Bl'IlbuK IlIIl/ SI'/utl'li Podr)" translated by ~lax Hayward and George Rea\-ey (1961) Harold l\ionro, Cullected Poems, edited by Alida ~lonro (1933) Robert Nichols, A.rdullfS Cfnd EndllrtlllUS (1917) Wilfred Owen, TIl( PUI'/1IS, edited with a memoir and notes by Edmund B1unden (1931) - Cullrited Porms, edited with an Introduction by C. Day Lewis and with a 1\ lemoir by Edmund Blunden (1963) - If"" P U(IiIS IInti Others, edited with an Introduction by Dominic Hibberd (197 J) - The CUlJlplt'le PoelllS /Inti Fragments, Edited by Jon Stallworth), (1983) Wilfred Owen: TIlt' '1"lr Poell/s, edited with commentary on each poem by jon Silk in (1994) Ezra Pound, Personael Th( Collerll'll ShfJrter Poellls (1 952) Herbert Read, Colluted Poems (1966 ) Edgell Rickward, BdEind the Eyes: Cullall'd PtJl'lm tlnd Translt/twns (1976) Isaac Rosenberg, Poellls, selected and edited by Gordon Bottomley with an Introductory J\(emoir by Laurence Binyon (1922) - TIl(' C(Jmplrte l-1-or):s , edited by Gordon Bottomley and D. W. Selal Biblwgraphy 357 Harding (1937) - Tlu Col/(ctei/ 1/ (irks, edited with an introduction by Ian Parsons (1979) Siegfried Sassoon, Cullall'd PIJI'IIIS (19-1-7) - Tlu H;, r PO I'///.~, arranged and introduced by Rupert Hart-Da\'is (1983) Charles Hamilton Sorle~ ~ .\Jar/burough and utlll:r POI'IIIS (Cambridge, 1932) - C()/lecll'tl P()I'IIIS, edited by Jean ,\ loorcroft Wilson (1985) August Stramm, TJ1't'nt.l' Twu P Ut'IIIS, translated by Patrick Bridgwater with Drawings by Rigby Graham (Wymondham lJK, 1969) Algernon Charles Swinburne, PUI'II/)' //1111 BIlI/(/(/5 (1st Series) (1892) - Songs /)(jul'l' Sunris( (1917) Edward Thomas, Col/att'll POI'IIH, with a Foreword by Walter de la ~Iare (1936) - Pot'ms IIntl LtlSl POI'II15, edited by Edna Longley (1973) - Col/aId POI'IIIS, edited by R. George Thomas (1978) Georg Trakl, T1T't't1i,l' POI'III)', chosen and translated by James Wright and Robert Bly (;\ linneapolis, '\linn., 1963) - D(c/indTI1't'/l'l' POt'IIIS, translated by j\lichael Hamburger (St. hes, 1952) Guiseppe Ungal'eni, two poems translated by Jona[han Griffin, Sfllnd, XI, 1\0. -I- (1970); four poems translated by Charles Tomlinson, Slltnd, XII, ~o . 2 (1971) - 5t'/<'cl<'II POI.'II/S, translated by Patrick Creagh (1971)
:\I\:TH()U)Glt:S
Ronald Blythe, editor, Compollc'lIts (!f' tlu 5/·c'1I1.' (1966) Patrick Bridgwater, 'German Poets of the 191-+-18 War', in Till' Joul'lIl1ls oI Pit'rrl.' ,\1rnIlI'II, 3 July 1969 w.G. Deppe, Christopher \liddlelOn, and Herber( Schon herr, OlinI' HIHS Und Flflmt' (No Hatred and No Flag) (Hamburg, 1959) Dl's filII/gatt's (191-1-) (No editor named.) Brian Gardner, editor, Up the Linr 10 Death (l964) - TIll' Terrible Ram (1966) \lichael Hamburger and Christopher i\liddlelOn, editors, J10drrn German POl'tl], IQ/fJ-196() (1963) Select Bibiio/!,l'IIphy Ian Hamilton, editor, The Poetry of H{lrl/939-45 (1965) Dominic Hibberd and John Onions, editors, Poetry of the Gmlt War, With an Introduction, Notes and Biographical Outlines (1986) Peter Jones, editor, ImlfgiJt Poetry (1972) Norman Kreirman, editor, Tht Dou in Flalllt'J/ 1939-45 (n.d.) Galloway Kyle, editor, SoMier Poets/ SongJ ~r tlu Fighting Men (1916) Bertram Lloyd, editor, Pot'ms Written during the Great m". 1914-1918 (1918) Edward j\larsh, editor, Georgian Poetry (5 vols.) {1911-22} Christopher Middleton, Wolfgang G. Deppe, and Herber[ Schonherr, Editors, Ghnt' Hajj und Falme (No Hufml and No Flug) (Hamburg, 19;9) Robert Nichols, Anthology of Wilr Poetry: /914-19/8 (1943) 1.1\.'1. Parsons, editor, Mm who March AWIlY (1965) Anne Powell, A Deep Cry (Aberponh, 1993) James Reeves, editor, Georg"'" Poetry (1962) Catherine Reilly, editor, Scars upon 1r1J1 Hellrt; WOII/m's Poetry anti T!(orse ~r the First World WilT with a Preface by Judith Kazantzis (1981) Michael Roberts, editor, The Fllber Book of MOliern Vase (1936) Jon Silkin, editor, The Penguin Bouk of First WOI"M 1-M'1" PUt· try (1979,1981,1985,1996) 1\.brtin Stephen, Nt'l"t'/" Such Innocence (1993) Julian Symons, ediwr, An Anthology of 'tilr Poetry (1942) w. B. Yeats, editor, The Ox/urd Book of Mallern VerSe' (1936)
AUTOUIOGRAPHY, BIOGRAPHY, Lt:'ITERS, FICTION c.c. Abbott and Anthony Bertram, editors, Poet lind Ptlinur/ Corr/'Spondenu Be/meal Conlan Bottomley and Puul NIlJh (1955) Richard Aldington, De/lilt of tI Hero (1929), (1984) Isaac Babel, Collated Stories (1957) Henri Barbusse, Untler Fire, translated by \v. Fitzwater \Vray, Introduced by Brian Rhys (1917,1960) Arnold Bennett, Tht' Pret~)I LIJ(6' (1918) Edmund Blunden, Umiertones of IHIT (1928) Lady Violet Bonham-Carter, 'The l\lissing Generation', Tht'Sunth,y Sde('/ Bibliography 359 Times, 11 November 1962 Wolfgang Borchert, The ,Wun Outsilie, translated by David Porter (1952) Vera Brittain, Te.ttlllllt!nt of Youth (1933,1979) - Vaa Brittain'$ /filr Dwnrj 1913-1917, edited by Alan Bishop (1981) - Testament (Jf a GenatlllOn: The Juurnalism of Vall Brittllin lind Winifred Huffily, edited by Paul Berry and Alan Bishop (1985) Rupert Brooke, Lettas, edited by Geoffrey Keynes (1968) - LdttmjTuIII .-llllaica (1987) Joseph Cohen,Journt'y to rhe Trent"hes: lSI/tic Rosenberg (1890--1918) (1975) Stephen Crane, The Red Budge uf Cuurage (New York, 1962) e.e. cummings, The Enormous Roum (New York, 1934, 1978) Keith Douglas, .-ll(/ll/ein to Zem Z1'III, edited by John Waller, G.S. Fraser, and j.c. Hall (1966) - The Collected Poems of Keith Douglas, edited by John Waller and G.S. Fraser (1951) - 'The Little Red Mouth', Stund, XI, No.2 (1970) Eleanor Farjeon, E,Jwtlrd ThOll/us/The Lust Fuur Yellrs (1958) Ford i\ladox Ford, Purade 's End (1963) E.I\1. Forster, Huw/mls End (1920, 1960) Desmond Graham, Keith Duuglus, 192(~19-H:.-I. Biugfltphy (197-+) Robert Graves, GU{j{'~}'e tu . ill Tlta t (1960) lvor Gurney, HliEr Le(ters, edited by R.K.R. Thornton (Ashington/ i\ ianchester, 1983) - Collated Lettas, edited by R.K.R. Thornton (Ashingron/ Manchester, 1991) i\leirion and Susie Harries, Tilt: H1lr Artisl$, (1983) Jarosla" Hasek, The Cu()d SoMIer Schmeik, translated by Paul Seh'er (1939) Christopher Hassall. Rupm Bru()kd. .J. Biography (1964) Michael Hurd, TIle Ordeal of l'Cur Guntey (1978) A. R. Jones, Tite Lifi: /lnd OpiniuU$ ()I Thomas Ernest Hulme (1960) Geoffrey Keynes, editor. The Utters uI Rupert Bruoke (1968) Jean Liddiard, ISIIIIC Rosenberg: fI hiliI umf hIt: (1975) Karl L. Liebknecht, Tlte Future Bdongs to the Peuple, edited and Translated by S. Zimand (New York, 1918) Frederick i\lanning. Her Pnm/rs We (1967) 360 St'/ut Bibliognlplty
Edward Marsh,.~ Numba of People (1939) Giuseppe J\1azzini, TIlt: Duties of Man, translated by Ella Noyes, L. Martineau, and Thomas Okey (1907) Paul i\1oeyes, SugFifd SIISSQon: Scorched Glor)' (1997) C.E. Montague, Disenchantment (1928) Nicholas J\1os1ey, Juhlin Gren/ell (1976) Harold Owen, Journey }Tom Obs{Uri~)'/Wiljrcd Omtn 11'193- /918 (3 vols.) (1963,1964,196;) - and John Bell, editors, Wiljret/ Omen/Collated Lt'l/t'rs (1967) Herbert Read, Tht Confmry Exprrunc( (1963) Erich Maria Remarque, All {!pier on tlu 11't'Stt'N1 Front, translated by A.W. Wheen (l929) Frank Richards, Old So/dim Nnw D,t', with an Introduction by Robert Gra"'cs (1964) W. K. Rose, editor, Lettas of W)mtlhulIl LeWli (1963) Isaac Rosenberg, Catalogue/or the Nalionlll Book Lel/gue (1975) Siegfried Sassoon, Cumpleft' MemOli-s '!( George Shenton (1937) - Sieg/lwl's Journey, 1916-19}O (1945) - Diaries 1915-1918, Edited and Introduced by Rupert Hart-Da\'is (1983) Maurice de Sausmarez and Jon Silkin, editors, Isaac Rosenberg 1890-1918ICafd/ogue with Letftrs (Leeds, 1959) Charles Hamilton Sorley, Letters (Cambridge, 1919) Jon Stallworthy, Wi/jred Owen.' a Biogrtlphy (1974) Edward Thomas, The lcknield Way (1913) - 'The Diary of Edward Thomas', .-lng/o-Welsh Ret'iew, 20, No, 45 (1971) - The Chilrlhood: a Fnlgment oI AutobiIlKrtlP"JI, with a Preface by Roland Grant (1983) George Thomas, editor, Letters from E,iwurll ThOl/lllS to Gt'or,(!t' BottulII/l')' (1968) - ElilPuni Thumlls: "I Purtmir (1985) Helen Thomas, As It 11't1S, .. Wurld r1'itlwut End (1935) Leo Tols[Qy, The SebtlStupu/ Sketches, translated and with an Introduction By David McDuff (1986) General Sir Archibald Wavell, Generals and Genera/JIIIP (1941) Walt Whitman, Specimen Dll.VS in •.JmerU"1I (1931) Jean Moorcroft Wilson, isaliC Rusenberg, PUl't lind PlIin(a (1975) - Clll/ries llllmiitun Sorley: a Biugraphy (1985) Sdat Bibliogrllphy )61 CRITICIS.', M.H. Abrams, editor, English Ronwntlc Poets (New York, 1960) Matthew Arnold, Culture and Anarchy, edired by J. Dover Wilson (1961) Sven Backman, Tradition Tnln~/imntd: Studies in thl.' Ponry of Wi/Fetl Owen (Lund, Sweden, 1979) James 0. Bailey, Thomm HIlrtlj1llntlthl.' Cosmic Mind (Chapel Hill, N. Car., 1956) Bernard Bergonzi, Heroes' Twilight (1965) (1980) Francis Berry, Hubtrt Read (1961) J\-larius Bewley, Masks r.s Mirrors (1970) David Blamires, David Jones: Artist IIntl Writl.'r (1971) - Wtlr Poets 1914-19]H (1958) Patrick Bridgwaler, 'German Poetry and the First World War', European Studies, I, No.2 (1971) - rhl.' Cl.'Tmlln Pol.'tJ td· Ihl.' First World U~IT (198j) - 'German and English Poetry of the First World War', SprtlkunI (Vienna, 1988) Joseph Cohen, 'Wilfred Owen's Greater Love', Tulilne SIU(/il.'s of Eng/i'h, VI (1956) - 'The Three Roles of Siegfried Sassoon', Tulllnl.' Studies of English, VII (1957) - 'Owen's "The Show"', Thl.' Explicator, University of Somh Carolina (November 1957) - 'Owen Agonistes', English Literllturl.' in Tramition, X (December 1965) Tony ("..onran, 'War', in Visions IIml P",ying Mllnlu/s (Llandysul. 1997) William Cooke, Edwilni ThomaslA Critlcll! Bi(Jgraphy J/i7/i-J9J7 (1970) H. Coombes, Edward Thomas (l956) Stanley Cooperman, World War 1 tlnd the AmeTlcan NOl'el (Baltimore 1967) Richard Cork, A Bitler Truth: Anlnt-gurde Art lind thl.' Grl.'lIt War (1994) Pc[er Dale, 'Collected Poems of Wilfred Owen', AKentfll, 1II, No.3 (December-January 1963-4) OJ. Enright, 'Literature of the First World War', in Till.' M(!(iern .-11(( 362 Select Bih/iograp(y (Pelican Guide to English Literature, Vol. VII), edited by Boris Focd (1969) Ifor Evans. EnglISh Poetry in the Later Nmeteenth Century (1966) F.S. Flint, 'Contemporary French Poetry', Portry Rerlrw, 1, No. 7 (August 1912) Paul Fussell, The Great War and Modern Memory (1975) Jon Glover, 'Owen and Barbusse and Fitzwater Wray', Stllnd, 21, 2 Newcastle-on-Tyne, Summer 1980) - The Truth of War (Manchester, 1984) Roland Grant, editor, Edward ThOll/as ami the CountrYSIde (1977) Robert Graves, The Common Asphodel (1949) Frederick Grubb. A Vision of Rt'ali~y (1965) John Hale, 'War and Public Opinion in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries', Past and Presrnt, No. 22 Guly 1962) .Michael Hamburger, Reason anll Energy (1957) - 'No Hatred and No Flag'"Encounta, No. 85 (October 1960) - Tlu TTUth of PonTY (1969) Alec M. Hardie, EdmuTul Blumlen (19;8) nw. Harding, Experience into Words (1963) -'Isaac Rosenberg', Scrutiny, III, No.4 (March 193;) B.H. Liddell Hart, History of the Fint World WilT (1970) TR. Henn, 'Critics of Kipling', Ret'ifTP of English Litem/ure, VI, No.3 Guly 1965) - WB. Yellts lind the p(Jn~y of Wllr (1965) Dominic Hibberd, 'Images of Darkness in the Poems of Wilfred Owen', Durham Unit'eTsi~y Journal (March 1974) - Wi(fred Owen (British Councill\'lonograph) (1975) - editor, Poetry of the First World War (1981) - Owen the Poet (1986) Geoffrey Hill, 'Selected Poems of Keith Douglas', Stand, VI, No.4 (1965) - 'Gurney's "Hobby'" Essays in Criticism, XXXIV, No.2 (April 1984) Philip Hobsbaum, 'The Road not Taken' (Edward Thomas], The Listena, 23 November 1961 Francis Hope, 'Tommy's Tunes', The Ret"iew, No. 15 (April 1965) 1:E. Hulme, Speculations, edited with an Introduction by Herbert R"d. (1960) R.A. Scott-James and C. Day Lewis, Thomas /i1lT(b' (1965) Select Bibliography 363 John H. Johnston, EnxllSh Pol'lry of the First 'YoI'M War (1964) David Jones, Epoch lind Artist, edited by Harman Grisewood (1959) Nosheen Khan, Womm's Poetq' of the First Worfd War (University of Kentucky Press, 1988) Holger Klein, Editor, The F,rst World War in Fic/lOn (1976, 1978) Victor Lange, Modern German Li/trature J87f~J9';() (New York, 1945) Philip Larkin, 'The War Poet', The L,stmer, 10 October 1983 ~ 'The Real Wilfred' (Rl'ljuiml Rellding) (1983) D.H. Lawrence, Selected Literary Criticism, edited by Anthony Beal (1969) F. R. Leavis, The Common Pursuit (1952) ~ Ret'a/uation (1956) ~ New Beunngs in Engltsh Poetry (1963) ~ 'Ezra Pound: The Promise and the Disaster', in Partisan Ret'jeIP Anthology (1962) Saunders Lewis, 'Epoch and Artist', Agent/II, V, Nos. 1-3 (1967) Helen J\'icPhail, Wi/ped Owen: POl'l untl SuMier (Shrewsbury, 1993) Geoffrey Matthews, 'Brooke and Owen', Stand, IV, No.3 (1960) Christopher ~liddleton, editor, 'Documents on Imagism from the Papers of F.S. Flint', The Review, No. 15 (April 1965) Cynthia Miles, 'The Bible and Wilfred Owen', Wilfml Owen Association Nell'sletter No. 12 (Shrewsbury, December 1994) Andrew l\lorion, The Poetry of Edward ThonllJs (1980) Adam Phillips, On Fhrtation ('Isaac Rosenberg's English' (1995(1994)) Eric Newton, 'An and the First World War', The Guardian, 27 February 1964 J\ Iario Praz, The ROil/antic AK0fl.V (2960) John Press, 'Charles Sorley', RevIew of English Literature, VII, No. 2 (Ap,il 1966) Herbert Read, 'The Collected Works of Isaac Rosenberg', The Criterion, XVII, No. 66 (October 1937) Pierre Renouvin, '1914/ A French View', The Listener, 23 July 1964 Hans Richter, Dllda/ Art lind Anti-Art (1965) Keith Robbins, The First World mil' (O"ford, 1984) Timothy Rodgers, GeorgIan Poetry J9J/-J922 (1977) Robert H. Ross, The G(orgitl11 RI.'"I:o/t: RI1I' lind Fall oIa Poetic ltIrlil 1911J-/922 (1967) 364 Seiect BIbliography Andrew Rutherford, editor, Kiplmg's Mlnll Imd .in (Edinburgh, 1964) Vernon Scannell, E,llT'drd Thomas (1965) Roger Shattuck, The Banquet YtarslThe Arts In Fnll/CI! /H85-/9/8 (19;9) Jon Silkin, 'The War and Rosenberg', Stand, Vol. 17, No.3 (1976) - 'Dead l\lan's Dump" Nt!w Statesman, (20 April 1979) - 'Gurney's Voices', Srtmd, 25, 4 (Autumn 1984) - 'The Family' (Isaac Rosenberg) Words, I, I Gune 1985) - 'An Idea of i\-loses' a preliminary essay for MIJSes (1990) C.H. Sisson, English POdry 190()- /950/An Ams5II1I'nt (1971, 1'IIanchester 1981) Jon Stallworthy, fYi(!red Owen (Chatterton Lecture, British Academy) (1971) C.K. Stead, The New Poetic (1964) i\lartin Stephen, Tht! Price (JI Pity/Poetry, History and i\iyth in the Great War (Barnsley, 1996) M.ichael Thorpe, Sit!gjrin/ Sass()on/A Critical SfUI~)1 (1966) Charles Tomlinson, 'Isaac Rosenberg of Bristol', Bristol Branch Ilj" the His/oriwl Associllfwn, The University, Bristol (1982) Leon Trotsky, Litt"rtfture ami Re1:olulwn, translated by Rose Strunsky (Ann Arbor, i\lich., 1960) Raymond Tschumi, Tlwught m Twrntlt!th-Cmtur)1 E"Klish Por/lJl (19;1) Liz Ward, 'An Introduction to Ivor Gurney', l1!imls, 1, 1. Gune 1985) Paul West, Byron tlntl th~ Spuilrr's Art (1960) Simone Weil, 'The Ililld, or the Poem of Force', Thr Wind tlnd /hr Rain (1962) D.S.R. Weiland, Wiljrrtl O/prn/A CritICal StUl6' (1960) revised edition (1978) Raymond Williams, Culture lmd Sucirty (1962) Jean .i\loorcroft Wilson. lsatlc Rounberg: Purt lind Pamter (1975) Austin Wright, editor, Victoritln Litemtu,.e (New York, 1961) Edilh Wynner, 'Out of the Trenches by Christmas', The ProKwm'e (December 1965) INDEX
Abercrombie, i.2scel1es, 347 n. 104-5; compared with Sassoon, 105, Aeschylus, Ousllj~, 37-8; I'TDnwlltw,. 197 with U\\"~n, 106, 107. 109; wa r poems, Afrio, 58,61, '31 107- 15: post-war poems ('Debyed Aldington, Richard (l892-1962), al'"J Actions'), 115- 10; on Gumey, 120- 1, Im~gi§m, 187. 189. 191, 346; and 'revo• 111-2, 125; and Ihe Church, lJI-Z; lution of 19U', lS7; enlistment, 187. rardy describco:s physic~1 injury, HJ 154; and civilian indifference, 188, 189; 'A.G.A.V.', 116, IlJ; 'Countryl'o~T~' , mode of resentment, 188-9; usc of 104; '11th R.S.R.', 116 ; 'The Gods of Greek mylnology, 189-<)0; compaw.l Ihe Earth Bene:lIh', 10,,-5; 'Gou7.nu• wiln Henry Reed, 11)0 cour!" Ill; 'lVlalefa clOr~', 107; '.\Iemoir' 'The Blood orlhe Young Men', IllS, dOwen, 2OQ, a07, 219; 'The !\Iklnight 'Bombardment and Resentment', 190; Skalcrs', 1111 - 19;' 1916 S~en from 1921 " 'Childhood" 189. 191; Comp/tlt PU(W1i Ill, liS: 'Pike', nil; 'Pillbox', III; ('Images'), 1 '~'7; Dillllr tI/ld/ao, 187 - 8; P,,~mI1914-Jo, 105- 7, 115 -20; 'Prepar• 'Field Mamruvres', 190; Imagts o/Wilr, alions for Vietory', lOR; 'The Prophet', 189-90, 'Proc:m', 191; ' In the Trcnchu', Ill ; 'Report on Experience', 119-10; ,81) ; 'Machine Guns', 190; 'On the 'Return of the ,,"'ative" 11 7-18; The Ma~h', 190; 'Trench Idyll', I
Brooke, Rupert ((ONld.) D~le, Peter, III honour, 135; pre-war disfUrbancr, 254; D~r"ini5m, 10J possiblf:' post_war Jevdopment, 275; Davie, Donald, 349 Rosenberg on, 295 Davies, W. H., 347 'The Dead', 175; 'The Fi.h', 75; De Sausmarez, ;\1aurke. :.150 n., 289; and 'Granlchester', 75; 'The Grcat Lover', Jon Silldn, /11111{ RI/stuhtrt: Cilia/atilt Ob; '11l1.f. 87, 27S; 'Peace" 79, 2J6: witlt U/lU$, 251, a5), 255. 271, )07 'The Soldier', 47-8, 67, 75. 92, '44 n.; DisTae!i, Dcnjamin, 274 "Town and Country', 295 Douglas, Keith, 348; Stlfflttl PI/filii, 2" Brown, E. K., 28, 29 Burrow, John, 95 n. Eckert, R. P., 86, 87, 95 Byron, George Gordon, Lord, cnlistmrnt EliOl, T. S., 211S. 3.47, 348; 'The Hollow in Gnd cause, 21; distinguished from Men', l39 n.; Liulr Giiltljllg, 2)9 n. Shelley in attitude to freedom, 21-2, 25; Enright, D. j., 1)9-40,24' and revolution, 22; and nationalism, 22, 61; indictment of war, 21- 5; on the Farjeon, Eleanor, 87-8, 95; EdwafJ ('Ommon soldier, 24-5; and the poet'~ Tltomal.' T"t LOll Fuur Ytlln, 87 task, 25; and concept of freedom, 56; Fisch, I·brold, 3lJ oompared with Kipling, 61; and Flinl, F. S., 198, 2511, 259; 'l.ament', 143, Wortlsworlh, 209; Slssoon and, 342 Child, JlQ,,,ld, 56, 61; IJo" JUIl". Ford,'" Ford Madox ([1I73 ~ 1!j3!j), lovc 22- 5; Afari"" Falirro, 21; 'Song for the poem.~, 19[-1, 195; war poems anJ Ludditcs',21 novels, 192~4 ; his patriotism, 193- 5; and Imagism, 195,346; 10\'e of the land, Carr, E. H ., 344 195-6 uscrncnt, Roger, 315 n. 'Antwerp', 194, 195; 'Bucl.:shee', 192; Cavafy, C. P., 326 'Champet~', 192; 'Coda', 191 ; 'Foot• Church, the, censured by Sassoon, t39-31, sloggers', 195 ; Pllrailr's End, 19a~3; by Owen, 13t, by Blunden, 231~2; and Porml WriUtn on J'/ail,t Stn·jer, 195; gunpowder, 336 SdtmJ Potms, 191; 'That Exploit of Qaustwitz, Karl von, 14-15, 271, 316 Yours',11,I6 Cohen, Mrs. Herbert, 250, 255 Fran~, 2, 4-5 , 6, )5, 58, and plllJim Cohen, Joseph, 117 F~neh Rcvolution, 2. )-6, 9, 10, 1I~12, Coleridge, Samue! Taylor, poetic concern 15,318 with contemporary events, 1; rejects Frost, Rohert, 85:'" 80Y'1 Will, 85: Norlh earlier allegiances, 2-3, 6, 9; Hulilt on of BOllon, liS his 'radicalism', 3; ambiguous politiClI feelings, 3-8; patriotism/radicalism con• Gardner, Brian, Up Iltr Linr 10 Drill", 74, flict, 9; liberty/nature identifiCluion, 6; 276 n., J .,. indictment of war and civilian apathy, 7, Georgian poets, 2nd realities of «rmbat, 23: and fur of invasion, 7-8; suspected 65; nature of their sensibility, 65; of treason, 9; revisions, ~ I; and· the slight achievement, 65-6; Mush and. poor, IS 257: Rosenberg's isolation, 251-8; B;opaphia Lilrraria, J, 6, 9, II; infloente on war poets, 346-7; in• 'Fears in Solitude', 6, Il, 26, 60; dulgen~ in violence, J47 n.; Grorgian 'France', 4; Sihyl/illt Uat'tJ, 4: 'To a PorlfY, 156, 157 Young Ass', 3; 'To a Young Lady wilh Germany, 58, 75, 76, IJ1d plluim a Poem on the French Revolution', 3 Godwin, William, 18, 19; Polilklll Cooke, William, EJrNril ThfmllU, 85, 87 Jus/itt, 1) Coomhes, H. H., EilrParil Tltomtu, 85 Goya, Francisco, 34 cummings, e. e., 'My 5 ....«t Old Etcetera'. uravcs, Robert, 146, )16; and Susopn. 53 n. IJO, 1)2, 1)6-7, 149-51, 343; descrip• Curtis-Ha)'ward, William, Ill, 128 n., Il9 rion of physical injury, 343; stature, fndl'.\' 367
J41; G(lQd~yt to All Th~I, IJO, 136 n., historical hasis, 3a-]; subordination of chanCfer 10 action, 3J; triumph or ruth• Gra'"y, Mr$. Mary, 97 lessness, 33, 34; IPlch roniSlic code of Gre:U War, srt World War, First honour, 35; carnage oC Waterloo, 35-6; Greece, 11, 56, 57 spoliation of nature's crcaturu, )6- 7; Grenfell, Julian, 135; his 'prcdatOfinus', hier.archy of destroyen, 37; Spirilscom• p, 73; fulfils his instincts in war, 72-3, pared with Greek gods, 37; 'b' (Im• J17; and natuTe, 73-4; 'Into BaTtle', manent Will) and unconscious will, 72-3, 8J, 87 37-9,40-1,45, 186 ; and Spirits' form Grigson, Geoffrey, 128 of identity (Preface), 38""9; ruthless GunSton, Ltslie,:3.21 slrUglj;le for power, 39i war's ironies, Gurney, Ivor (diI)O-1937), preoccupa• 40; comparison between Spirits Sinister tion with music, 120; first )!asloral 3nd Ironic, .0-1; increuc:d human poetry, no, 1l4; post-war poems, no, undentand;ng among Spirits, .t-] 112; Blunden on, UO--I, 111- 2, 115; 'And There was a Greal Calm', 54; influence of Hopkins, Ill; concern with 'At the Dr.apeT'S', 49 ni 'A Call 10 prosody, 121; menlll derangemenl, National Service', p; 'Channel Firinl"', 111-2, !l5, u7-9; and nalUre, Ill, )7, 44-5; 'A Chrislmas Ghost Story', la7, au ; WaT experience, Ill; waf 48; 'Ocpulure', 47; 'Drummer Hodge', poem', na-4; anger against England, .7-11, 144 n. ; 'Embarkation', 46, .7; IlS--6; self-pity, 1l6-7; on his confine• 'I Mel a Man', 45; 'In Tenebr;s', ment, 1211 54; 'In Time of "The Breaking of 'The Bronn: Sounding', u6; 'HaIC• Nations"', 53, 101; 'In Time of Wars Dead', I:U; 'Mist on Meadows', u6; and Tumults', 45; L.u Lyrirs a"J Stwrn ""d Sommt, 120; 'The Silent £arlitr(Prcface), 54; 'Men Who MaTch One' U4-S; 'To God', lal , [28; 'To Away', 51; 'Offen When Warring', 53; His Love', l2a-4; 'War Sooh', 127; Potms of ,ht p,,>/ ,,"J lilt PUSillt W"r'J Embrri, 120; 'What's in Time', (Preface), 46; PotmJ of W'ilf tllld Ptlln'ol• uS, 126 ism, 53, 54; 'The Souls of the Slain', 47 n., 48; 'A Wife in London', 47 Hasu.lI, Christopher, R"ptrt Broo/u, 6S, Hague, Rene, 310 66,69,254, :156 Hale, John, ns-6 Had;tl, William, J, 8-9; Tlrt Spirit (}f ,ht Hardie, Alec, 115 A,t, 3 Harding, D. W., 257, 259-60, 28a, 19o, lI.D'A.B., 'The £:.Junlcr Aflad" 71 310-11; and Gordon Bottomley, [StltlC Heaney, Seamus, Dttll" uj'tI NtlIU'fl/iil, RoJtn6trK: CollUltd Works, a50 n. .", Hardy, Thoma, (18.W-19all), use of Heine, Heinrich, 76 irony, 47--1}, 107, III, 117; influence on Hill, Groffrey, 211 Blunden, 116, I fll Hobshaum, Philip, 101 Boer War poetry, ]3, 4S-ti; lack of Homer, S' social/philosophic .!litude, 46--7; subtle Hope, Fr.ancis, 341-9 achievements, .7; ironk exploitation, Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 121 ; 'God's .7-9; subversion of populu heroic Grandeur', Ill; PomIJ (cd. Bridgc5), nalion, .9 Fin! World War poetry, 4)- 5; lack of Housman,"" A. E., 8J, 97-8 response 10 brutalily, +4; oompared wilh Hulme, T . E., Sptr"ltllitllls, 56, (16 Brooke, 47-11; compared wilh Tht Dyrrtlsll, 47, .9, 54; umimem~J recruit• Imagists, Imagism, J2, IJ2, 191, 258, HJ; ing songs. 51, 52-]; nOil-aligned poems, R?d. on Iheir principles, 169; his 5)-4; shift from TIlt DYIIIJJls, 54-5 crlllclSTns, 169-70, '71; poems in the Tht Dyrrtllts, 26, +4, 60, 8), IJ5, 5lyle, 170, 111 , 173-4, 176, 346; and 219 n.; concenlnHion on war, J1, 46; WIlT Cltperiences, 171-1;compared wiih 368 1m/ex
Imagists, Imagism (flmM.) 71.f , ~ "II"Nm"", .1'7; ' An and SIICr.!• WOC"d s\\'or lh r ~pp >- Wurior'), 17J- .\; mc:nl', .1J7; 'The Arlhuri~n ugc:nu', :\ldinttIOn and, 111,. IRq, '91, lei .'; .13 1; tfHNh 1I111{ A,li#. ) 17- 111, )31. Rosenberg and, 159; war ('01:15 anu, 3)z, 33.1. 334. 34.\; 'The Iieritage of 346; /kj bll,giilts, 187 Early Briu,in', ~.11; 'The i\lylh of Imperialism, 61, 6J. 67 Arthur', JJ' Inge, Dean, 68~ j oseph, Mrs. Dcl i.~sa. 2: 50 luly, 19. 3' . JJ. S(I,;II jowen, Dcnjalllin, 29
J4cohin$, Dritish, 9 """'IS. j ohn, 80, 110, 1.+4, 208, J.p ; J eremiah. 10 1 Owen compa rctl with, 1.\1)-4°; EmiI• John510n. John H., on Sorky, , ,,, 83; on "';<111, 2J9; HII'f,jon, l.1q; 'Ode on a Sassoon, 1;2-J. 156, ' 71; and ehe id('~ Grecian Urn', 283, "S .. of dUI)", (5)- 4. 253 n.; on Read, "I, "'ipliog, Rudyard (J863- H136). percer• 1711 ; and pity, '97; an,J Roscnilt'lt. 'I\'e rtsponsc to First Worlt! War, sq, 153 n.: on J OntS'S /" Pllfo,tlrtsh. Jill, 60; porIr.!!'''] of romhu ant! Irmy life, J IQ • .11J, 3l". PS; EIIJ":,h P(Kl rJ til 60,65 ; a..:cusa tions IlfIinsl, 60; aJ'J'rt'• ,II, First fl"u,1J War. 15.\11" H 7 eiation of prinlc sold ier, 60, 62- 3; anti JOII". A. R., 35! ncecssit), of war, (10, lzlI; eri,ici7.td for Jones, D:wid (111"5- ), rd;u ions wilh form alltl content, 6o ~ 1; compared with Ihe WU, j iS. 316, J18; hirth, .116; ('11- ilyron, 61-~; his 'F.nlC li .~ h' na tionalism, li$lnlCnl, J 16: .nd in,,:rprclalion of (11 , 6,1- 4: scparalion of ideas Ind lan_ pa$lfl'Tcscnl rdari.lnship, .117,337- ,,0; j:uage, 62, 64; and civilian insetlsitivily, and the u tist', dilemma, 317- 18: Slib• 62 ; comp3",d ..·j lh Sassoon, 62 ; ind;el• !lCribe5 to Catholic tradition, JJ1 TnftIi of u.sclm »eritict', 62-]; t'lIelu• bl P,rmllltsi., 136. '47. 190, )15- 16, sion of 'c:nemy' sufftfing, 63 : usc of 318-'9; and changed aUilude 10 wa r BihliCliI rnesugcs, 64; one-sidc:d JM't'• aflt'r 19 16, 'l6, J27, 3l6; disclaimed H K nlltion of war, 65 I 'War Book', lI5-.6; posl_wlr com• 'Tht' IslllOlJen', 61, 62, ('7: 'Meso• position and publicalioll, 315, 343; Iht' J1'Otami:t 19 17', 62 ; 'Reetssiom]', I\l-3: Boe.SI, liS II " ) 16, 324, )26-)0, 3z8-i); 'The VCler.!ns', 6J considt'red as all epic, 318- 19, 324 ; and Killo, II. D. F.,37 -8 «,rlainly of human annihilation, 319; Kyle, Galloway, So/dirr PDrlt,' SmitS ~f Arthur;an alld Celtic matter, 3 19, l ZJ, 'ht FiK",jflg Mm, 70 3l6, 331-4; discrepancy beIWCt'1l this and c.rlier 'heroic' wa,." 319, 313-5; I.aw~n('(, n . H. , "5 1, 341 n" ~ 4 8; J.o'/J usc of domcslic tlclail, ) 1 ~20; com• C""ltfrlq'~ l .fI,·r" 214 Il'Irison hclwcen soltlicrs' and dome5lic; Lenis, F. R., 81), loz-.l, Iof!. l~7, .1Ifi, life, 320; in ~ lrucIU"" )20-1, 3)1- 2; J ill; Nt", Bt";",,, IIq usc of puns, Pl; minglingofima't5 anll Lenin, V. I. , 14. 35.5 jtlc.~, )zJ; relationship hclwccn enn• Levi, I'eler, l16. JZ$ lempOl'2ry and hisloric.\1 material , Lewis, Atun, 348 l24-8 /'lIni"" 333-5; and dau tlis• I.('wi~. Cecil Day, Ill. 1l2. ""1- 2, 22(); ( repancles (n.nker{officer), ] 25: and Prcface 10 Owen's C"lIrrlr,J 1'''0'11, vllue of conlinuily in tndition, ]2S;.nd 247 n. nOlion of dury, p6; Christ_soldier Lewis, Saunders, 3 ' 7 julttaposition, 318; and tht' soldiers' I.Ioyd Gcorgt'. David, 116. 87. ()~ martyrdom, ]29- )0; on Malory'! dau, Locke, john. ]1 3JI; concluding nature-clcgy, 332- ); I.o"'y, Mrs. E. D., ]50 uo;c of mylh .nd hislorical malerial , LJ,jr,,/ Rill/ods, Pn:fa ~'t , 14, 244, J .. q l 3] - 4 ; il5 inceplion, l)7, 343; scJl;ual ...,(crenee.-:, ))8--9; ralation' hip ~wun Maloryo Sir Thomu, M orl.. 1)".,I".r, H', h l ~~ J'hcn, y Inti mppliCltion, :n9 3~ 2 , 3.\4, .U(, Index 369
Mandevil~, Sir John, 315, 316 131, 199, :100, 105, 110, :l3B; lnd John Marsh, Sir Edward, 136; and the Geor• }kll, Wilfred 0 __ : Colftcttd Ldlen, giaM, 65, 131; and Brooke, 66; and 16 n., 197, 198--c), 15] Roscnbefl. 150, 151, 153-5, 'SS--(j, Owen, Wilfred (11ig]- 19IB), " 48, 67, 157-8,307 19, 80, 120, 126; .nger It uninugin• Marx. Karl, 58; C~mmllnjst Maniftst~, 345 .live civilial\ll, 7, 101, 106, 101), 117, Marxists, ]3.4, ]46 14&-'; his subject 'War', '4,86, log, Matthews, Geoffrey, 65--(j, fry, 213 '+4: and the poet's taslr., 'Si on Muzini, Giuseppe, 2<} , 31, 324 Tennyson's unhappiness, 16; W'J.r Meredith, (i(':orge, 31 experiences, '16, '100--1, 113; and his Milton, John, ]14: Paradise Lost, 318 failh, 78; compared with Soriey, 81, Montague,:c. E., Disrnt:h4"tmmt, 272, 294 with Thom'lS, 97, with Sissoon, '37, Morgv.n, Hon. Evan, M.P., ISO, 151 1]8, 201, 206, 207, 'lO9, '45, with MOOIT, John, Lift and utters of Edrrll,d Brooke, 1]6, with Rosenberg, 161-2, Th(JJn4S, 86, 87, 88, 95 173-8llusim, :l84, lBS--6, '187; enli5t• Moorc, T. SIWJC, 71 men!, 86, IJI, 199-100, 151-1; his Morrell, Lady Ouoline, 146 sensitiveness, 97; sociallwareness, 132, 1911, 346; family background and early Namier, Lewis, 57 n. life, 191-8; impulses of anger and com• Napoleon I, " 6, 12, 33-6, 39, 41 passion in war poelJy, 197, :tol, '107, nationalism, in mmpelilion wilh dem(). 208-9,133- 4,146-7,18,; effttt of war CTaC)', 9, 51> Byron and, 21, 22: on his poelic development, 11)8, 106, precursor of war, 12-3: Swinburne's 173; rejection of orthodox Quistianily, concern with, '1, '9, 31; a cohesive 19B, 21Q, 131, 1]1; kinship with Tail• fora:, 53; encouraged by invasion hade, 19B; poetic progress, 199; and thrcu, 57: economic inlerpreation, 57; civilian/soldier discrepaocy. 201; anti and outbreak of First WOf'ld War, 59; inter-relltiol\llhip belween nlture and Byron/Kipling comparison, 6I--a: and war, 101-6, 108, 113. 115-16, 21\1: usc concept ofbonour, 135: Rosenberg and, of half-rhyme and inlernal assonance, 261; neptive force in inducing change, 206, '37, '41, ~7; authOl"s classification 33' of poems, 106-9; mcctings with Susoon, nature, re~itory offrcedom, 6; invuted 101, 107, log, 119-10, 114 n.; his with sacn:d ideals (Coleridge), 8; popular image, 208; pa~toralism, 208, Wordsworth's mentor and healer, 10, 211-U; at Scarborough, 109-10, ]lg; '4, .6, 19, 30; contrasted with rnln's rompares man's and nature's death, tmUmenl of man, 16; and the soldier's '111- 13; lnd horrors of war, 213-1 5, death, 71-a; fanner/naturalist anti• 117, 110-1, 1]3; his polilia.1 conscious_ thesis, 104; in Gurney/Hopkins com• ness, "7, 219; 'war poell15', 119ff.; parison, 121, 117: honours Ihe dead, yoking together of words and associa• 330-t; war poelS and: Blunden, 101, lions, 110; influence of SlS5OOn, 212, 104, 120, UI, 119, 333; Grenfell, 73-4; 113,11",,116,127; pacifism, 222, l]J; Hardy, JJJ; Housman, 8Ji Jones, 1011 nOfKX)fllhatant soldiers, 22] ; and ]]0-1, ]]1-]; Owen, 203-6, 20'], post-war world, 11]-5; 'nd sunival lU-19I4uim, 2.... , 177 n., 3]3; Read, through nature, 215-6; identification of 176; Sassoon, 144- 5, 154, 155-6; war and sports heroes, 217: poem~ on Sodey, 83i ThOITWi, 347 diybilities, 217-8; and continuance of Newbolt, Sir Henry, 157, 17B n.; 'The the war, llB~; lncl Abraham', r;acri• Best School of All," 159 n.; 'Vi/iii lice, :l]0; Ind corruption of violence, lAmp.J4',117 13t: on the role oflhe Church, 1]2-3; Nichols, Roberl, I, 14 on his conscience, 131 n .• '33; Ind pacifistlkiller role, "]]; and romantic Or~II, George, 60, 6]-4> 66 view of death, 134; zeugmlS, 134-5; Owen, Harold, JlnlrMY /rlml OhJCIlrj'ly, Ind brolherhood of man, 2]7. 2~<) ; and 370 Index Owcn, Wilfred «("",d.) patriotism, non-a:onomic motives, 58; publication of his poems, :l37- B; ami Sorley and, 75, 77; distinction between 'ctnnal' buuly, :.139- 40; and need for priv:ue and puhlic, 87; acrcptanec: of its reconciliation, 141-;1; and rdllionship conlingent .... crifice. 1)4; Sassoon and, be'"'«11 feeling and articu/acy, 245-7; 1)8; u~ of the countryside in appeals, death, 24,-8, :l73-4' social insecurity, 138-9; erosion after long war, 154; 252, 25J; poetic achievement, 274; and Ford and, 19J-5; Rosenbag and, 15); soldkrs' martyrdom, 319; Iircnry in• lind Jones's Bo.an, 329; re~t:u:d by the fluencu, 3,,:.1; and war <;rimcs, J44-5; poets, 345' use of Keals, 346; of the stature to Peyronnet, M., 251, 252 endure. 34" 348 Pope, Alexander, Dllnc; .. d, 213 'A Terre', 141 n., 145, 106, au, Pound, ~, )2, 2SJ, "57, 347, 348; 21J-5; 'Anthem for Doomed Youth" 'E.P. Ddt pour L'Eluljon lit lOll 206, ~, :nO-II; 'Apologia pro Poe• Stlll/fhrt', 127; 'Hugh Selwyn Mau• male Meo', 1o" 'Arms lnd the Boy', berley', aS8; PerJOnDt, 31 15. 173, 206, :1Jo--l; 'Asleep', z.06, PreS.'!, John, 74, 7er82, 8) 111 - 12, 2J6; 'At a Calvary near the Price, Richard, 9 Ancrc', '4O,l07. 231, 2J:Z, ~3; 'Ballad of Purchase Money', 6, n.; 'The Calls', Read, Herbert (1893- 19UK), pre-war 77. ury, l4S; 'The Chances', 207. 223. interests, l)l; and need for 'assent' in 217; ';.c: Chrislianismc', 140, zoo, 231, :actions, 154; early life and education, 23:1-J; 'Conscious', a07; 'The Dead• 168; on the Imagists, Ibor70, 158; and Beat', 206, 211-J; 'Disabled', 107. l1J, the war, 169-70, 173""7, 178""9, 291; 2:16---]; 'Duke er Decorum £.st', 12.7, regroups his poems, 170 n., 175 n.; :and 161 n., ao6, 220--1, a8s-fJ, 348; 'Expo• war and poelfy, 171, 186; and nalure, SUfC',7 n., 85, 1(1), 143, aoa--6, a08, ala, 176; post-war 'war' poems, 177. 178, 2f5, no, air, a+4. 278; 'Futilily',:&+ n., 34J, J«j questions YealS's jud~men( 157,206,2.07,217-19; 'Grcaler Love', on !tUff'ering, 177 ; prose accounlli ofthe 106, UYf, 234--6; 'Hospital Barge at war. 178-9; compared with Sassoon, C&i!y', 206; 'InscnsibiJily', 101}, 1l2., 186; I nd Second World War, HJO; and 2.07, :&+4-5, 247, 348; ' Inspection', 207; soldiers' martyrdom, J19; lilel1lry in• 'The Lasl Laugh', 206, :u5; 'The Lei• i1uences, 343 ter', 2.07; 'Mental Cases',";06, ll3. 2:1:7; 'Aeroplanes', 170n.; Am/!1l1h, 178; 'Miners', 206, 216-17, 2.26; 'The Nexl 'Appeal', 170; Art DnJ Utltfl, 16<); War', =7; 'On Stting a Piece of our 'Auguries of Life Ind Death', 170 n.; own Artillery Brought into AClion', 207, 'The Autumn of the World', 170n.; '-30-1; 'The Parable of the Old M.en Thr ConlrDry E~p"jtnu, 168, 169, 177, and the Youns', 143, '-0'7, 230; 'The 344; Ec/opm, 170; 'The End ora W,,', Send-Off', 207; 'The Sentry', 201, 206. 7], 170 n., 177, 178-86,3'5,3«; 'The 348; 'The Show', 202, 206. 213- 1S ; Execution of Cornelius Vane', 143, 'S.I.W.'. 207; 'Smile, Smile, Smile', 175 n. , 176; 'Fear', 17J ; 'The Happy 2.00,,228---9,2:1.9 n.; 'Soldier's Dream', Warrior', 152, ' 70, 171- ], 1]1, ls8; /n 206,22]; 'SpringOtrensivc', 83, 107,l06, Rtrfr,l, 178; Th( /nnoc(n/ Eye, 1611; 2oS,21S-16j'Strange Meeting', 175,207, 'Kneeshaw Goes to War', 14), 154, 223, 236-i3, 247. 248, 284, 28S, 300, I"/J-5, 176--], 184; 'Leidholz', lBi 348; 'Wild with III Regrets', 206, com• 'Meditation of the Dying German pared with 'A Terre', 22]-6; Cof/U/(J Officer', sa 'The End of a War'; 'My Porms, 207, lll, Preface, 25, 24Z, 244 Company', Ill, 175, jlQ; NdrJ WDrnors, 170 n., '''/), 3+4; 'Ode', '75; Parsons, hn, Attn WIIU ,M,u.-J. A"'DY, 74, 'The Refug«s', I"/J; 'The Scene of 123,12] War', 173 ; 'To a Conscript of 1940', pasrol1llism, 10J, 1I0, 1I9, /20, 136, '55, 60; ,4 W"DiDrJ, ' 73; WtlrPOtmf, 170; 164, 2011 . Sa "flU nalUre 'Wh~t i~ :l Poem', '(>
Co{f((I~d PQtms (1952, 1966), 169, 312,313, )14. literary intluence.~, J42, 110 n., 178 349; orientation towards communism, Reed, Henry, 'Naming of PariS', I Sassoon, Siegfried (nlllld) 'Repression of War f.xpcri\'n~'e', 16,1- ('; (Owen) Ie),}, 207, ,Zl9- l0, 2ltl, z .. 5; an<1 SitUS/Oil'S PrIJgrtsJ, 130, '47--9, 158, his Jewishne!i..~, IP; war c~pericnces, 161; Silx/rid'! ]lJu,"()', 199, 208: 13~, 133, 136, 137, ...6; notion of 'Silent Seniee', 1.17; 'Staml-to: Goo.1 honour, IJ5; 'trcm;h poems', 1.1(', Frid~I' !\lomin[l', 1-41-1, 158; 'Suicide 155-7: mixtur~ of pa.sloralism amI in Ihe Trench\'s', '".1, 245; 'Thdr realism, 1]6, 139, I;", ~i6: and 'Spirit Frailly', Itn; 'They', 1]1)-4-0; 'To any of the Bayonet' ]cclure, 13tl, 137; and D",ad Offic~r', '57, ,tl1- Jj 'To "Iy war's futile sacrifices, 1]7-8, 139, 16J ; Urother', IH: 'To Yi<:lOry', 130, IJ5; atlacks Ihe Church, ,,,0-1; u~e of 'The TomhslOn",_:\lakel', l.p; 'War dramatic ironl', 14'- ); amI l'Oura!,(C', Poems', IJO; 'When I'm among ~ Blaze 143; im'ocalion of nalure to aSSU2[l;e of '.i~hts', 1)6; 'Wi~rs" I ,,!I; ':\ loss, I.U- 4, 1.f5; anJ solJicr's prospect Working I'uly', [)9 of death, qll; ant.! pacifism, qr" 150; St:anncll, Yernon, Edl1'lml 1'htJIllaI,90-1 ,,)6 wounded al Arras, '-1-6-7; alienation SCO!!, Sir Walter, 7'h.' Lay 0/ III, l.aM from the \\'ar and iu aims, '47-R; indict• ,1i;Il,<,rt!, .118 ment of war leaders, 147, 148, 'of\)- 51: ScolI-!\lonerieff, C. K" ltO compared wilh Wordsworth, '48- 9: Shak"~pt"art, William, 31] 1'1" 3.15 Gnv",s and his Jdtttion, 1"<)-5'; Sheik)', Percy B)'sshe, 208, H2: and medical board, '5'-2 ;S!ronscr ""sponse French RnolUlion, 3; deprttiJI"'d h)' to Ihe war, ISZ-J, 155; usc ofzeu[i:ma, Arnold, ,6-17; and socii] intervention, 154, 158, ISQ, 160; anJ ciyilian-apathy! 17; use ofahsU1u:t images, '7, 19; and soldier-suffering discrepancy, 154- 5; Ih~ ideal sodety, Ii-III; his Pluonism, pre_tapsarian pastoralism, IS), 164: 111-1<); political commitments, 19; idea ru:!Ore/"'ar contraslS, '55- 6; ami civil• of a 'Iamfll",ss' society', 200--1; arouse, ized Christianity, 159: portra)'al of mili• pity and indignation, 21: and liberty, tary incompetence, 159; post-Iur posi• 21, 31; historical pnalld, )l-): tion, ,60, 16,; ncamess to tr.l(::ie vision, identifies Kcat, ",ith nature, 144- 5, lI), 163-6; and Ihe soldier as hero, 296; and 225; O\\'en compu~d with, 21,1, 217, soldier~' martyrdom, 31<); liler~ry in~ 2l3, 2JO- I, 2.16-7, 2J8; and corrup• nuences, 342 tion of "iolenec:, 231 ':\h5Olulion', 13]; ',\flad', 158; 'Bas", .lJolII~i.<, 144- ,:;, 215: Tilt C(nr;, Details', I,V, T59, 223; T"~ (,'o",plrl( 19- 21, 32-,1; 'Fulin~s of a Republican ,H(mIJiTI IJjGt"'g( ShuJ/"", 1.10, 132; on Ih", Fall of Bonapute', 2; 1'1" Mad" 'Countcr-Auad.', I,;,;-R; C""III,r• 'if A"a,ch}, 21, 217, 2.10; Pro",,,h,uf ,"lIaclt Illld Mhrr PDtn,S, I.13, qQ, 15l, U"buUl1d, 17, IS, 297; Rtl'ollllJ hill"', t,;4, 155; 'The Dealh-Bcd', 14.1: 'Docs 17- 18, rompart'd wilh 'Slrange Mut• il !\hll""?', 223, 226; 'The English ing:', 2J6-7, 2J8; TIl, Triu",ph 0/ Lift, Spiri!', 137; 'Experience', 16.1-.. ,22]- 197, 2') 22,,: 'The l'alh,",,5', 160; 'Fight 10 a Silk, Dennis, 283, 191, lq8, 301- 1 Finish', 160, 345: 'France', I)S; Sorl",y, Outrle5 Hamilton (I&}S-19IS), 'The General', 15<), 160; 'Glory of 44 n" 316; on Hardy's '!\len Who \\'01'11"'''', 157, [61, 2<)6; 'GoliCotha', March Away', 51-2; assessment of the 136, 139; 'The Hero', 142-3: 'In the war, 5l; recognition of his poelly, 74; Pink', 2l6; 'The Kiss', lj6, 137; 'The biography, 74-5: anilUde to war and LUI M~ring', '43, J45, 146, 164; P2triotism, 75, 76, 77, Ip;commentson M/mo;rs IJ/ a Fo~'-A"n/j"x AlIl", 'JO, Brooke, 75-6; on lena University, 76; 13', 13l, 139, 154; .HtmIJin DJ all and justiec ~ victory equation, 76-7; Infon,,} Ojfirrf, 1)0, IJ6n" '46; Tlrt questions his faith, 78, 79-80; Press on Old emlu'}, 132; Tht Old HUn/sman his Wnn"'IS, 79-80; exhilaralion and Ilml O/lru PIJ(mJ, '30, IJI, 133, 220; liberalion in WlIr, 80-1; attitude to pity, 'On Poetry', 132-J; Pit/uuShoIV, 133; 81-2; response to war, Sa, 275; 'The Rcdc~m"'r', 137, 138, 31~; compared wilh Owen, 82-J, 246: and Index .Ii] nature, 83- .; secLl~ social position, 153 death at Arras, 122, 146; and the 'AU the Hills 3nd V31es Along', 83-4; Georgi.a ns, 347 'Deus LfXluitur" 78; 'Expeclans Ex~ 'As the Team's Head-Brass', 54, peaavi'. 78; 'A Hundred Thousand 99-IOt; 'Aspens', 89; 'February After• Million Mites We Go" 77, 78; M"rf• noon', 98; 'Fifl)' Faggots', 98-9, 100; borfllllh ""d 0111" P(w,n, 74; 'To 'Gonc, Gone Again" 99; Tile Ir/t"itfd Poets', 77-8, z.t6; 'Two Sonn~IS', 78; "'.y, 91; 'In Memoriam', 91; Itl Pur• 'When You Sec Millions oflhe Mouth• ,'uit of Sp';"I, 85; Ht Last Siita/, less Dead', 19, 81; 'Whom Therefore 50; 'Old Man', 8gj 'Out in the Dark', We Igoonndy Worship', 11 87; 'The Owl', 9), g6, 97; 'A Private', Sp,anish Civil War, 178 'J7-!l; 'Rain', 91 -S, 96, 97; T/lis Spencer, Stanley, lS0, 335 EIIII,IIIJ, 87; 'This is no Case of Peuy Spengler, Oswald, 331 Right or Wrong', 87, 135; 'Up in the Squire, J. C, 140 Wind', 86; Tht Whilt HouJt, 85; 'Wind Slallworlhy, Jon, Wil/ad Omtll, 67 n., and Mist', 8g ll1 n. TolslOY, Leo, War alld p((l(t, 159 n. Sind, C K., Tht Ntw Poaic, 31, 61, 65, TomlinlioOn, Charles, 311 n. 257,278 n. Trevelyan, R. C, 257, 301 Swinburne, Algemon Charles, concem Ungarctti, Giuseppe, '71 n. with nationalism, 18, a9, 30-1; ob!iCs• sion with passion, 18-(); and libtrty, 19; war, civilian cincomprchension and e ~ efforts to refashion his obsessive theme, ploitation, 7, 23-.; TClIult of nation• 19-30; on the poetic aflribute 'death', .listic struggles, 1'; alte~d naturc in 31; Owen compared with, 134 Napoleonic struggles, 35; incidental 'A Cameo', 134; 'Faustine', 134; spoliation of nature, 3b--J; man-made 'Hertha', 19; Pon", ""d B"I/"ds, 18, 19; horrors and absurdities, 39-40; an SOll!< Btfort Su",i,t, 2{), ]1 u;acerbation of life's u;pcriences, 49; 'truth. the fint casualty', 51; outcome of Tailhade, Laurent, 198, 199; Llllrr (lU.I' culmnl or territorial tlIPl'nswnism, S8; C(I"",ju, Pour la Plli.\" 1(}8 benefits very few, 59; misunderstand• Taylor, A. J. P.,11 ings of its poetic poMnyal, 60; poetic Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 16--7, I.U, loH; catal)'it, 86; and mental derangement, 'The Chargc of the Light Brigade', 16; Ill; distinction between offirilll ud Abud, 26, 17, 175; TIlt Pri"uu, 114 n. riskit/Illfe, '34; man's corruption under Thomas. Edward (1878-1917), enli$t• its duress, 173; manner of escalation, mcnt, 50, 86;88, 90; on Hardy'S 'Men 214; cffcct on SUT\'ivors, 22.1; and poets' Who March Away', 51; on Brookc's development, 273; and arbitrary friend• war sonnets and chanctcr, 68 n.; family ships, 191; heroic past and con• lnckground, 85, 89; relationship be• temporary dnbncss, 3~6, JJS; effCCI of twun his prose and poetry, 8S, 89, 90-5; introduction of gunpowder and fire• associnion ""ilh Frost, 85--6, 88, 97; arms, 335; arguments against [heir usc, posthumous publication, 86; allegcd 335-6; and disinlcgration of chi,·alri., influence of the ""ar, 86--7, 88-90; his tradition, 336-7 Jl.uriotism, 87, 88; compared with war poetr)" relationship between pO<'Ill Broot..e, 87, ""ith Wordsworth, 93, ""ith and contcxt, I, 59; division into form Owcn, 97; concern with the PlSt 2nd and coment, 61; emergence of hD.'iirility nllu~, 88, 8q-i)3 (J"ni"" 95. 98, 347; 10 war and heroic/glorious 'iII!itudes, 71 ; sclf-peretivtd melancholy, 89, 90, 91, convenrion of noble death, '34; and 96; .pp~hension of de.uh, 92-5, 97--8 ; war's selection of the fillest, '43; and war conditions, 95-6; influence of presence of the sl2in youth, .88; and Housman, 91-8; his atheism, ')8; and religious consolation, 211 - ll; pictorial• impact of .....ar on nature, 98- /01, 347; iUlion of sacrifice, 273; status of the and conlcmpoUry natu~ verse, 10.; poet, 342; varying use of 1 common 374 Intlex war poclry (conIJ.) ('Happy Warrior'), '1", SlIssoon, language, 343; inDuence on polilicians 148-9, Thomas, 93 as peacemakers, 3+4. possible influence 'Char.u;ter of the l-bppy Warrior', on social opinion, 345--6; rejeclion of 'Pi 'The Female Vagrant', 14, IS. patriolism, 345; and naliona115m 346 Lyrir4J 84114dl (Prefa«), '4, 1 ...., 349; Weil, Simone, 8, 50, 51, 58, 3:4; 'The Tilt P,rJ/ldt, 10, II, n, 13, 14, 15.14. /lilld, or Ihe Poem of Force', 50, 2)1 n., '4S-9, )18-19. 'Resolution and Inde• 319 n. pendence', IS, 93; 'Tintern Abbey', 14, Well.nd, D. S, R., Wilfred OlJ'ti'I, l01, 16, 17 :09, no, aa5, 219, :36, 237. :43, 255 World War, Fin! (1914-IS),.; compared West, Paul, By,on Ilnd tilt S/fjiftr'J An, :] with Napoleonic struggle, 34; heroicl Whilrnan, Walt, rao, 3a1 op.timistic:: start, So, 51, 59: working_ Wimsatt, W. K., 17 dass support, 58; Qsualties,1'; Somme Winchilsca, Anne Finch Counless of, 'The offensive, 71; use of oountryside in Soldier's O~lh', 43,135 patriotic:: appeals. '38-9; po.<;t-war Wordsworth, Dorolhy, 9, 14, 16 publications, 315; horror aroused by Words .....orth, William, poetic contern bayonet, 335; continuing relcVln«, with contemporary events, a, 318-19; 3+'; penalties imposed Iln 'war rejects early aJlegiancu, 2-3; suspecled criminals', 3..... Sit 4lJO war lIf1d war of Ireason, 9; changing view of Fl"lInce, poetry 10, II-ra; revised allitude to reform, World War, Second (19)1)-4-S), 44, 178, 10,14, 15-16; revolutionary 5ympalhies, ")0 II; humanitarian commitment, II; Wyalt, Sir Thomas, 111-8 indictment of war, II; rationalizes his early ideals, I); image of the poet, 14; YU.IS, William Butler, 33, h, 347: effect of political withdrawal, 14; and association with Pound, 32; affinity the poor, 15-16, 60; withdrawal to wilh Hardy, .... ; dislike of Owen, 80: Grasmere, 16; criticized by Byron, a4, Read and, '73; exdusions from Oxford 1I01}; Hardy and, 52; Byron oompued B/J/Jk of Motkrn Vtru, 177; rejection of wilh, 209, Owen, 2+4, 349, Rer.d p3Ssive suffering, 11l7; and Ihe pasl, "70