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The Yoruba in Brazil, Brazilians in Yorubaland The Yoruba in Brazil, Brazilians in Yorubaland (O Povo Iorubá no Brasil, Os Brasileiros na Yorubalândia) afolabi.indb 1 5/9/17 4:05 AM Recent Titles in the Carolina Academic Press African World Series Toyin Falola, Series Editor The African Civil Service Fifty Years after Independence Edited by Emmanuel M. Mbah and Augustine E. Ayuk Against the Predators’ Republic: Political and Cultural Journalism, 2007–2013 Biodun Jeyifo Africa, Empire and Globalization: Essays in Honor of A. G. Hopkins Edited by Toyin Falola and Emily Brownell Authority Stealing: Anti-Corruption War and Democratic Politics in Post-Military Nigeria Wale Adebanwi Contemporary African Literature: New Approaches Tanure Ojaide Contentious Politics in Africa: Identity, Conflict, and Social Change Toyin Falola and Wanjala S. Nasong’o Contesting Islam in Africa Abdulai Iddrisu Converging Identities: Blackness in the Modern African Diaspora Edited by Julius O. 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Salm Xavier University of Louisiana afolabi.indb 4 5/9/17 4:05 AM The Yoruba in Brazil, Brazilians in Yorubaland Cultural Encounter, Resilience, and Hybridity in the Atlantic World (O Povo Iorubá no Brasil, Os Brasileiros na Yorubalândia) Edited by Niyi Afolabi & Toyin Falola Carolina Academic Press Durham, North Carolina afolabi.indb 5 5/9/17 4:05 AM Copyright © 2017 Carolina Academic Press All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Afolabi, Niyi, editor, author. | Falola, Toyin, editor, author. Title: The Yoruba in Brazil, Brazilians in Yorubaland : cultural encounter, resilience, and hybridity in the Atlantic world / edited by Niyi Afolabi and Toyin Falola. Description: Durham : Carolina Academic Press, 2017. | Series: African World Series | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016057532 | ISBN 9781611635911 (alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Yoruba (African people)--Brazil. | Yoruba (African people)--Africa, West. | Return migrants--Africa, West. | Brazilians--Africa, West. | African diaspora. Classification: LCC F2659.Y67 Y67 2017 | DDC 305.896/333081--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016057532 Carolina Academic Press, LLC 700 Kent Street Durham, NC 27701 Telephone (919) 489-7486 Fax (919) 493-5668 www.cap-press.com Printed in the United States of America afolabi.indb 6 5/9/17 4:05 AM Dedications To my dad, John Okanlawon Afolabi, who told me stories about the Aguda as a child even though I did not understand him at the time. —Niyi Afolabi To all the Afro-Brazilian social and religious movements who struggled to keep Yoruba traditions alive in Brazil despite persecutions. —Toyin Falola afolabi.indb 7 5/9/17 4:05 AM afolabi.indb 8 5/9/17 4:05 AM Contents List of Figures xi Series Editor’s Preface xv Preface and Acknowledgments xvii Part I Mapping the Yoruba Atlantic Chapter 1 · Paradigmatic Crossroads of the Yoruba Atlantic World 3 Niyi Afolabi Chapter 2 · Mapping and Conceptualizing the Yoruba Atlantic 21 Toyin Falola Chapter 3 · Encruzilhadas Paradigmáticas do Mundo Atlântico Iorubano 43 Niyi Afolabi Part II Returnees and Resettlements Chapter 4 · The Amaros and Agudás: The Afro-Brazilian Returnee Community in Nigeria in the Nineteenth Century 65 Alcione M. Amos Chapter 5 · African Returnees from Brazil and Cuba in Nineteenth-Century Lagos 111 Melanie Paris Chapter 6 · Antônio Olinto’s The Water House: Creative Configurations of Afro-Brazilian Return to Roots and African Culture 127 Femi Ojo-Ade Chapter 7 · The Jaded Heritage: Nigeria’s Brazilian Connection 149 Tundonu A. Amosu Part III Sacred and Spatial Circularities Chapter 8 · Nas Encruzilhadas do Atlântico Negro: Circularidades no Culto a Exu 159 Vagner Gonçalves da Silva ix afolabi.indb 9 5/9/17 4:05 AM x CONTENTS Chapter 9 · Traditional Yoruba Nobility in the African Diaspora 189 Ana Alakija Chapter 10 · Ajankoro Dugbe Dugbe: The One Who Fights Fearlessly, Clearing Everything in His Path 215 Lisa Earl Castillo Chapter 11 · “Araketure Faraimorá”: Yorubanidade no Candomblé Brasileiro, Uma Permanente Recriação; e o Caso Exemplar do Ilê Odô Ogê 245 João Ferreira Dias Chapter 12 · O Papel dos Nagôs (Yoruba) no Movimento Negro no Brasil 261 Adomair O. Ogunbiyi Chapter 13 · From the Fetish Animism of Blacks from Bahia to the Plasticity of Yoruba Arts 279 Maria Antonieta Antonacci Part IV Transatlantic Cultural Connections Chapter 14 · Um Lance de Búzios Jamais Abolirá o Acaso 301 Rodrigo Lopes de Barros Chapter 15 · Affirming Yoruba Ancestry through Afro-Brazilian Literature 319 Felipe Fanuel Xavier Rodrigues Chapter 16 · The Contested Candomblé Cult Matriarchate 337 Farid Leonardo Suárez Chapter 17 · As Vivências do Candomblé na Poesia Ancestral de Oliveira Silveira 357 Manoela Fernanda Silva Matos Chapter 18 · Do Animismo Fetichista dos Negros Baianos à Plasticidade de Arte Iorubá 369 Maria Antonieta Antonacci Chapter 19 · The Politics of Race and Education in Brazil: An African Diaspora Perspective 399 Sílvia Lorenso and Nirlene Nepomuceno Notes on Contributors 417 Index 421 afolabi.indb 10 5/9/17 4:05 AM List of Figures Figure 4.1 Map of the Brazilian Quarter of Lagos in 1908; showing its main streets at the time. Source: The National Archives, London, 67 Figure 4.2 Passport in Arabic issued by British Consul Campbell; to facilitate travel inland for Muslim Afro-Brazilian returnees. Source: The National Archives, London, 68 Figure 4.3 Holy Cross Cathedral, Lagos. Source: Lorenzo Dow Turner Collec- tion, Anacostia Community Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC., 71 Figure 4.4 Shitta Bey Mosque in Lagos built in 1882 by Afro-Brazilian João Batista da Costa in the Baroque style of a Catholic church from Bahia, ca. 1890. Source: The British Museum, 73 Figure 4.5 The Cuban Lodge built by Hilário Campos to house his family and Afro-Cuban returnees who had recently arrived in Lagos. Courtesy of Bruna Rocha, 75 Figure 4.6 The Central Mosque of Abeokuta, photographed from the Olumo Rock. Its façade is in the typical style of Bahian Baroque churches which indicates that it was built by an Afro-Brazilian master builder. Courtesy M. E. “Buddy” Baker, Florida, USA, 77 Figure 4.7 View of Kakawa Street in Lagos in the late 1800s. The large white building, glimpsed on the left, was the residence of Américo Rodri- guez and built in the Brazilian
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