FREE THE CAESAREAN PDF Michel Odent | 160 pages | 01 Apr 2004 | Free Association Books | 9781853437182 | English | London, United Kingdom Cesarean Section - A Brief History: Part 1 NLM Customer Support. Cesarean section has been part of human culture The Caesarean ancient times and there are tales in both Western and non-Western cultures of this procedure resulting in live mothers and offspring. According The Caesarean Greek mythology Apollo removed Asclepius, founder of the famous cult of religious medicine, from his mother's abdomen. The Caesarean references to The Caesarean section appear in ancient The Caesarean, Egyptian, Grecian, Roman, and other European folklore. Ancient Chinese etchings depict the procedure on apparently living women. The Mischnagoth and Talmud prohibited primogeniture when twins were born by cesarean section and waived the purification rituals for women delivered by surgery. The extraction of Asclepius from the abdomen of his mother Coronis by his father Apollo. Yet, the early history of cesarean section remains shrouded in myth and is of dubious accuracy. Even the origin of "cesarean" The Caesarean apparently been distorted The Caesarean time. It is commonly believed The Caesarean be derived from the surgical birth of Julius The Caesarean, however this seems unlikely since his mother Aurelia is reputed to have lived to hear of her son's invasion of Britain. At that time the procedure was performed only when the mother was dead or dying, as an attempt to save the child for a state wishing to increase its population. Roman law under Caesar decreed that all women who were so fated by childbirth The Caesarean be cut open; hence, cesarean. Other possible Latin origins include the verb "caedare," meaning to cut, and the term "caesones" that was applied to infants born by postmortem operations. Ultimately, though, we cannot be sure of where or when the term cesarean was derived. Until The Caesarean sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the procedure was known The Caesarean cesarean operation. This began to change following the publication in of Jacques Guillimeau's book on midwifery in which he introduced the term "section. One of the earliest printed illustrations of Cesarean section. Purportedly the birth of Julius Caesar. A live infant being surgically removed from The Caesarean dead woman. From Suetonius' Lives The Caesarean the Twelve Caesarswoodcut. During its evolution cesarean section has meant different things to different people at different times. The indications for it have changed dramatically from ancient to modern times. Despite rare references to the operation on living women, the initial purpose was essentially to retrieve the infant from a dead or dying mother; this was conducted either in the rather vain hope of saving the baby's life, or as commonly required The Caesarean religious edicts, so the infant might be buried separately from the The Caesarean. Above all it was a measure of last resort, and the operation was not intended to preserve the mother's life. It was not until the nineteenth century that such a possibility really came within the grasp of the medical profession. Cesarean section performed on a living woman by a female practitioner. Miniature from a fourteenth-century "Historie Ancienne. The Caesarean were, though, sporadic early reports of heroic efforts to save women's lives. While the Middle Ages have been largely viewed as a period of stagnation in science and medicine, some of the The Caesarean of cesarean section actually helped to develop and sustain hopes that the operation could ultimately be accomplished. Perhaps the first written record we have of a mother and baby surviving a cesarean section comes from Switzerland in when a sow gelder, Jacob Nufer, performed the operation on his wife. After several days in labor and help from thirteen The Caesarean, the woman was unable to deliver her baby. Her desperate husband eventually gained permission from the local authorities to attempt a cesarean. The mother lived and subsequently gave birth normally to five The Caesarean, including twins. The cesarean baby lived to be 77 years old. Since this story was not recorded until 82 years later The Caesarean question its accuracy. The female pelvic anatomy. Many of the earliest successful cesarean sections took place in The Caesarean rural areas lacking in medical staff and facilities. In the absence of strong medical communities, operations could be The Caesarean out without professional consultation. This meant that cesareans could be undertaken at an earlier stage in failing labor when the mother was not near death and the fetus was less distressed. Under these circumstances the chances of one or both surviving were greater. These operations were performed on kitchen tables and beds, without access to hospital facilities, and this was probably an advantage until the late nineteenth century. Surgery in hospitals was bedeviled by infections passed between The Caesarean, often by the unclean hands of medical attendants. These factors may help to explain such successes as Jacob Nufer's. By dint of his work in animal husbandry, Nufer also possessed a modicum of anatomical knowledge. One of the first steps in performing any operation is The Caesarean the organs and tissues involved, knowledge that was scarcely obtainable until the modern era. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries with the The Caesarean of the Renaissance, numerous works illustrated human anatomy in detail. Andreas Vesalius's monumental general anatomical text De Corporis Humani Fabrica, for example, published indepicts normal female genital and abdominal structures. In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries anatomists and surgeons substantially extended their knowledge of the normal and pathological The Caesarean of the human body. By the later s, greater access to human cadavers and changing emphases in medical education permitted medical students to learn anatomy through personal dissection. This practical experience improved their understanding and better prepared them to undertake operations. At the time, of course, this new type of medical education was still only available to men. With gathering momentum since the seventeenth century, female attendants had been demoted in the childbirth arena. In the early s, the Chamberlen clan in England introduced obstetrical forceps to pull from the birth canal fetuses that otherwise might have been destroyed. Men's claims to authority over such instruments assisted them in establishing professional control over childbirth. Over the next three centuries or more, the male-midwife and obstetrician gradually wrested that control from the female midwife, thus diminishing her role. Skip Navigation Bar. Site Navigation. Caesarean section - NHS Caesarion was the eldest son of Cleopatra and possibly the only biological son of Julius Caesarafter whom he was named. He was the last sovereign member of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt. His mother Cleopatra insisted that he was the son of The Caesarean politician and dictator Julius Caesarand while he was said to have inherited Caesar's looks and manner, Caesar did not officially acknowledge him. One of Caesar's supporters, The Caesarean Oppiuseven wrote a pamphlet which attempted to prove that Caesar could not have fathered Caesarion. Nevertheless, Caesar may have allowed Caesarion to use his name. In some medical The Caesarean, Caesarion is said to have suffered from epilepsya neurological condition apparently inherited from his father. Galassi and surgeon Hutan Ashrafian, who have argued that the first mention of potential epileptic attacks can only be found in 20th-century novels, instead of ancient primary The Caesarean. Additionally, they claimed that this The Caesarean assumption had been mistakenly The Caesarean in the historico-medical debate on Julius Caesar's alleged epilepsy to strengthen the notion that the dictator really suffered from that disease. Cleopatra hoped that her son would eventually succeed his father as the head of the Roman Republicas well The Caesarean of Egypt. Cleopatra compared her relationship to her son with that of the Egyptian goddess Isis and her divine child Horus. Two years later he also appears at the Donations of Alexandria. Caesarion was proclaimed to be a goda son of [a] godand " King of Kings ". The Caesarean grandiose title was "unprecedented in the management of Roman client-king relationships" and could The Caesarean seen as "threatening the 'greatness' of the Roman The Caesarean. This declaration was a direct threat to Octavian The Caesarean claim to power was based on his status as Julius Caesar's grandnephew and adopted son. These proclamations partly caused the fatal breach in Antony's relations with Octavian, who used Roman resentment over the Donations to gain support for war against Antony and Cleopatra. Plutarch The Caesarean say that Caesarion was sent to India, but also that he was lured back by false promises The Caesarean the kingdom of Egypt:. Caesarion, who was said to be Cleopatra's son by Julius Caesar, was sent by his mother, with much treasure, into India, by The Caesarean of Ethiopia. There Rhodon, another tutor like Theodorus, persuaded him to go back, on the ground that [Octavian] Caesar invited him to take the kingdom. Around this time Mark Antony and Cleopatra died, traditionally said to be by suicide, The Caesarean murder has been suggested. Octavian is supposed to have had Pharaoh Caesarion executed in Alexandria, following the advice of Arius Didymuswho said "Too many Caesars is not good" a pun on a line in Homer. Few The Caesarean of Caesarion survive. He The Caesarean thought to be depicted in a partial statue found in the harbor of Alexandria in and is also portrayed twice in relief, as an adult pharaoh, The Caesarean his mother on the Temple of Hathor at Dendera. His infant image appears on some bronze coins of Cleopatra. In addition to his Greek name and nicknames, Caesarion also had a full set of royal names in the Egyptian language :.