Design of a Business Jet
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Business & Commercial Aviation
BUSINESS & COMMERCIAL AVIATION LEONARDO AW609 PERFORMANCE PLATEAUS OCEANIC APRIL 2020 $10.00 AviationWeek.com/BCA Business & Commercial Aviation AIRCRAFT UPDATE Leonardo AW609 Bringing tiltrotor technology to civil aviation FUEL PLANNING ALSO IN THIS ISSUE Part 91 Department Inspections Is It Airworthy? Oceanic Fuel Planning Who Says It’s Ready? APRIL 2020 VOL. 116 NO. 4 Performance Plateaus Digital Edition Copyright Notice The content contained in this digital edition (“Digital Material”), as well as its selection and arrangement, is owned by Informa. and its affiliated companies, licensors, and suppliers, and is protected by their respective copyright, trademark and other proprietary rights. Upon payment of the subscription price, if applicable, you are hereby authorized to view, download, copy, and print Digital Material solely for your own personal, non-commercial use, provided that by doing any of the foregoing, you acknowledge that (i) you do not and will not acquire any ownership rights of any kind in the Digital Material or any portion thereof, (ii) you must preserve all copyright and other proprietary notices included in any downloaded Digital Material, and (iii) you must comply in all respects with the use restrictions set forth below and in the Informa Privacy Policy and the Informa Terms of Use (the “Use Restrictions”), each of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Any use not in accordance with, and any failure to comply fully with, the Use Restrictions is expressly prohibited by law, and may result in severe civil and criminal penalties. Violators will be prosecuted to the maximum possible extent. You may not modify, publish, license, transmit (including by way of email, facsimile or other electronic means), transfer, sell, reproduce (including by copying or posting on any network computer), create derivative works from, display, store, or in any way exploit, broadcast, disseminate or distribute, in any format or media of any kind, any of the Digital Material, in whole or in part, without the express prior written consent of Informa. -
General Aviation Aircraft Propulsion: Power and Energy Requirements
UNCLASSIFIED General Aviation Aircraft Propulsion: Power and Energy Requirements • Tim Watkins • BEng MRAeS MSFTE • Instructor and Flight Test Engineer • QinetiQ – Empire Test Pilots’ School • Boscombe Down QINETIQ/EMEA/EO/CP191341 RAeS Light Aircraft Design Conference | 18 Nov 2019 | © QinetiQ UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED Contents • Benefits of electrifying GA aircraft propulsion • A review of the underlying physics • GA Aircraft power requirements • A brief look at electrifying different GA aircraft types • Relationship between battery specific energy and range • Conclusions 2 RAeS Light Aircraft Design Conference | 18 Nov 2019 | © QinetiQ UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED Benefits of electrifying GA aircraft propulsion • Environmental: – Greatly reduced aircraft emissions at the point of use – Reduced use of fossil fuels – Reduced noise • Cost: – Electric aircraft are forecast to be much cheaper to operate – Even with increased acquisition cost (due to batteries), whole-life cost will be reduced dramatically – Large reduction in light aircraft operating costs (e.g. for pilot training) – Potential to re-invigorate the GA sector • Opportunities: – Makes highly distributed propulsion possible – Makes hybrid propulsion possible – Key to new designs for emerging urban air mobility and eVTOL sectors 3 RAeS Light Aircraft Design Conference | 18 Nov 2019 | © QinetiQ UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED Energy conversion efficiency Brushless electric motor and controller: • Conversion efficiency ~ 95% for motor, ~ 90% for controller • Variable pitch propeller efficiency -
5.2 Drag Reduction Through Higher Wing Loading David L. Kohlman
5.2 Drag Reduction Through Higher Wing Loading David L. Kohlman University of Kansas |ntroduction The wing typically accounts for almost half of the wetted area of today's production light airplanes and approximately one-third of the total zero-lift or parasite drag. Thus the wing should be a primary focal point of any attempts to reduce drag of light aircraft with the most obvious configuration change being a reduction in wing area. Other possibilities involve changes in thickness, planform, and airfoil section. This paper will briefly discuss the effects of reducing wing area of typical light airplanes, constraints involved, and related configuration changes which may be necessary. Constraints and Benefits The wing area of current light airplanes is determined primarily by stall speed and/or climb performance requirements. Table I summarizes the resulting wing loading for a representative spectrum of single-engine airplanes. The maximum lift coefficient with full flaps, a constraint on wing size, is also listed. Note that wing loading (at maximum gross weight) ranges between about 10 and 20 psf, with most 4-place models averaging between 13 and 17. Maximum lift coefficient with full flaps ranges from 1.49 to 2.15. Clearly if CLmax can be increased, a corresponding decrease in wing area can be permitted with no change in stall speed. If total drag is not increased at climb speed, the change in wing area will not adversely affect climb performance either and cruise drag will be reduced. Though not related to drag, it is worthy of comment that the range of wing loading in Table I tends to produce a rather uncomfortable ride in turbulent air, as every light-plane pilot is well aware. -
Business Opportunities in Aircraft Cabin Conversion and Refurbishing
Business Opportunities in Aircraft Cabin Conversion and Refurbishing Mihaela F. Niţă1 and Dieter Scholz2 Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Berliner Tor 9, 20099 Hamburg, Germany This paper identifies several meaningful business opportunity cases in the area of aircraft cabin conversion and refurbishing and predicts the market volume and the world distribution for each of them: 1.) international cabins, 2.) domestic cabins, 3.) aircraft on operating lease, 4.) freighter conversions and 5.) VIP completions. This implies the determination of cabin modification/conversion scenarios, along with their duration and frequency. Factors driving the cabin conversion and refurbishing are identified. Several aircraft databases, containing the current world feet as well as the forecasted fleet for the next years, are analyzed. The results are obtained by creating a program able to read and analyze the gathered data. It is shown that about 38000 cabin redesigns will be undertaken within the next 20 years. About 2500 conversions from jetliners into freighters and 25000 cabin modifications at VIP standards will emerge on the market. The North American and European markets will keep providing good business opportunities in this area. The Asian market, however, is growing fast, and its very strong influence on demand puts it in the front rank for the next 20 years. Nomenclature agescenario_limit = aircraft age for which the refurbishing is no longer planned by the operator. dateaircraft_delivery = date of the aircraft first delivery datemodification -
Limits to Principles of Electric Flight
AIRCRAFT DESIGN AND SYSTEMS GROUP (AERO) Limits to Principles of Electric Flight Dieter Scholz Hamburg University of Applied Sciences https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4072283 Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2019 German Aerospace Congress 2019 Darmstadt, Germany, 30.09. - 02.10.2019 Abstract Purpose – This presentation takes a critical look at various electric air mobility concepts. With a clear focus on requirements and first principles applied to the technologies in question, it tries to bring inflated expectations down to earth. Economic, ecologic and social (noise) based well accepted evaluation principles are set against wishful thinking. Design/methodology/approach – Aeronautical teaching basics are complemented with own thoughts and explanations. In addition, the results of past research and student projects are applied to the topic. Find ings – Electric air mobility may become useful in some areas of aviation. Small short-range general aviation aircraft may benefit from battery-electric or hybrid-electric propulsion. Urban air mobility in large cities will give time advantages to super-rich people, but mass transportation in cities will require a public urban transport system. Battery- electric passenger aircraft are neither economic nor ecologic. How overall advantages can be obtained from turbo- electric distributed propulsion (without batteries) is not clear. Maybe turbo-hydraulic propulsion has some weight advantages over the electric approach. Research limitations/implications – Research findings are from basic considerations only. A detailed evaluation of system principles on a certain aircraft platform may lead to somewhat different results. Practical implications – The discussion about electric air mobility concepts may get more factual. Investors may find some of the information provided easy to understand and helpful for their decision making. -
Design of a Light Business Jet Family David C
Design of a Light Business Jet Family David C. Alman Andrew R. M. Hoeft Terry H. Ma AIAA : 498858 AIAA : 494351 AIAA : 820228 Cameron B. McMillan Jagadeesh Movva Christopher L. Rolince AIAA : 486025 AIAA : 738175 AIAA : 808866 I. Acknowledgements We would like to thank Mr. Carl Johnson, Dr. Neil Weston, and the numerous Georgia Tech faculty and students who have assisted in our personal and aerospace education, and this project specifically. In addition, the authors would like to individually thank the following: David C. Alman: My entire family, but in particular LCDR Allen E. Alman, USNR (BSAE Purdue ’49) and father James D. Alman (BSAE Boston University ’87) for instilling in me a love for aircraft, and Karrin B. Alman for being a wonderful mother and reading to me as a child. I’d also like to thank my friends, including brother Mark T. Alman, who have provided advice, laughs, and made life more fun. Also, I am forever indebted to Roe and Penny Stamps and the Stamps President’s Scholarship Program for allowing me to attend Georgia Tech and to the Georgia Tech Research Institute for providing me with incredible opportunities to learn and grow as an engineer. Lastly, I’d like to thank the countless mentors who have believed in me, helped me learn, and Page i provided the advice that has helped form who I am today. Andrew R. M. Hoeft: As with every undertaking in my life, my involvement on this project would not have been possible without the tireless support of my family and friends. -
2021 AHNA Options Catalogue
OPTIONS CATALOGUE 2021 Return to the Table of Contents Contact and Order Information U.S.A: +1 800-COPTER-1 [email protected] Canada: +1 800-267-4999 [email protected] © July 2021 Airbus Helicopters, all rights reserved. 002 | Options Catalogue 2021 Options Catalogue INTRODUCTION At Airbus Helicopters in North America, our engineering excellence and completions capability is an integral part of meeting your operating requirements. We are committed to providing OEM approved equipment modifications that further enhance your experience with our product line. This catalogue illustrates a grouping of our most important and interesting options available for the H125, H130, H135, and H145 aircraft families. Airbus Helicopters, Inc. is a certified “Design Approval Organization” by the Federal Aviation Administration. Airbus Helicopters Canada is a certified “Design Approval Organization” by Transport Canada. As customer centers, we have also been recognized as an Authorized Design Organization by the Airbus Helicopters Group (AH Group). For more information, please visit Airbus World or see contact information on the next page. Airbus Helicopters' Airbus World customer portal simplifies customers’ daily operations and allows them to focus on what really matters: their business. Air- bus World is an innovative online platform for accessing technical publications, placing orders and quotations, managing fleet data as well as warranty claims, and receiving quick responses to support and services questions. Airbus Helicopters reserves the right to make configuration and data changes at any time without notice. Information contained in this document is expressed in good faith and does not constitute any offer or contract with Airbus Helicopters. -
Subsonic Aircraft Wing Conceptual Design Synthesis and Analysis
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by GSSRR.ORG: International Journals: Publishing Research Papers in all Fields International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) ISSN 2307-4531 (Print & Online) http://gssrr.org/index.php?journal=JournalOfBasicAndApplied --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subsonic Aircraft Wing Conceptual Design Synthesis and Analysis Abderrahmane BADIS Electrical and Electronic Communication Engineer from UMBB (Ex.INELEC) Independent Electronics, Aeronautics, Propulsion, Well Logging and Software Design Research Engineer Takerboust, Aghbalou, Bouira 10007, Algeria [email protected] Abstract This paper exposes a simplified preliminary conceptual integrated method to design an aircraft wing in subsonic speeds up to Mach 0.85. The proposed approach is integrated, as it allows an early estimation of main aircraft aerodynamic features, namely the maximum lift-to-drag ratio and the total parasitic drag. First, the influence of the Lift and Load scatterings on the overall performance characteristics of the wing are discussed. It is established that the optimization is achieved by designing a wing geometry that yields elliptical lift and load distributions. Second, the reference trapezoidal wing is considered the base line geometry used to outline the wing shape layout. As such, the main geometrical parameters and governing relations for a trapezoidal wing are -
Aircraft Fleet Trends
Aircraft Fleet Trends The aircraft fleet based and utilized in Minnesota ranges from the smallest single-engine airplanes used by general aviation pilots to the largest wide-body aircraft used for long haul domestic and international commercial travel. Wide-body aircraft are large enough to accommodate two passenger aisles with seven to ten seats across the aircraft. National and global trends are affecting the way airlines, corporations, and private pilots purchase and utilize their aircraft. This paper provides insight into aircraft fleet trends. Every year the FAA evaluates how the economy impacts aviation by forecasting changes in the aircraft fleet, including all types of aircraft from large commercial service aircraft to single-seat general aviation airplanes and drones. The 20-year forecasts also evaluate how many hours pilots are flying, how many passengers are taking commercial flights, and the demand for cargo flights. The results are published annually in the FAA Aerospace Forecasts. General Aviation Fleet The total active general aviation fleet was in decline between 2008 and 2013.1 Beginning in 2014, deliveries of general aviation aircraft fleet began to gradually increase. In 2017, the FAA forecasts stated the active general aviation fleet would increase by an average annual rate of 0.1 percent over the 21-year forecast period. There are three categories of aircraft included in the general aviation fleet: piston powered aircraft, turbine powered aircraft, and light sport aircraft. Piston aircraft have piston powered engines connected to propellers on aircraft which allow the aircraft to move through the air and on the ground. Piston aircraft fly at lower altitudes than turbine powered aircraft. -
Disrupting the Business Jet: but How? by Ryan S
Disrupting the Business Jet: But How? By Ryan S. Wood Founder and CEO Frontline Aerospace, Inc Blu from Movie: RIO Just Keep It Simple Overall Aircraft Efficiency 휂 Thermal X 휂 Propulsive Disrupting Engine Performance • Problem is cooling! • Solution go full compressor flow cooling Overall Efficiency = Propulsive x Thermal Ducted Business Fan Jets Drag: Boundary Layer Ingestion (BLI) • drag reduction of 8.6% Source: AIAA Paper: Boundary Layer Ingestion Benefit of the D8 Transport Aircraft. August 24, 2017 SkyFan: Here Is One Way to Disrupt Joined Wing: Weight-Drag Reduction • 5X less bending moment at root • Less drag • Lighter wing Landing Zone Flexibility—Paved Runways •Save Time Business Jets •Get Closer to SkyFan business • Others SkyFan Reaches 2X the airports •Why? Fan thrust to weight ratio Source: CIA Factbook 2010, Top 30 Countries, Paved Runways, 11,441 Fuel Cost per Seat Mile SkyFan is as fuel efficient as Boeing 737-MAX, some 5X competitors SkyFan Circle Range Map (4 pax 5200 nmi) Challenger 350 Gulfstream G280 SkyFan SkyFan Noise Reduction •Engines inside fuselage •Intake/exhaust cowlings •Noise absorbing ducts Electronic Aircraft Window - PanDow Cameras driving internal 8K monitors GE CT7/T700 Engine • 22,000 built • 100 million flight hours • Global MRO • Upgrades Pending Intellectual Property (IP) •SkyFan Utility Patent •Engine drive ducted fan propulsion •Engine Isothermal compression (2) SkyFan Performance Metric Comparison SkyFan • Pick any set of metrics • Thrill index= (thrust/weight) • Aircraft Total Value= Bus Jets S*R*P*Airports/DOC* TOGW*Purchase Price Determining Market Demand—Mee Inc How to Price SkyFan? SkyFan Market Demand Curve – Mee Inc. -
EU Ramp Inspection Programme Annual Report 2018 - 2019
Ref. Ares(2021)636251 - 26/01/2021 Flight Standards Directorate Air Operations Department EU Ramp Inspection Programme Annual Report 2018 - 2019 Aggregated Information Report (01 January 2018 to 31 December 2019) Air Operations Department TE.GEN.00400-006 © European Union Aviation Safety Agency. All rights reserved. ISO9001 Certified. Proprietary document. Copies are not controlled. Confirm revision status through the EASA-Internet/Intranet. An agency of the European Union Page 1 of 119 EU Ramp Inspection Programme Annual Report 2018 - 2019 EU Ramp Inspection Programme Annual Report 2018 - 2019 Aggregated Information Report (01 January 2018 to 31 December 2019) Document ref. Status Date Contact name and address for enquiries: European Union Aviation Safety Agency Flight Standards Directorate Postfach 10 12 53 50452 Köln Germany [email protected] Information on EASA is available at: www.easa.europa.eu Report Distribution List: 1 European Commission, DG MOVE, E.4 2 EU Ramp Inspection Programme Participating States 3 EASA website Air Operations Department TE.GEN.00400-006 © European Union Aviation Safety Agency. All rights reserved. ISO9001 Certified. Proprietary document. Copies are not controlled. Confirm revision status through the EASA-Internet/Intranet. An agency of the European Union Page 2 of 119 EU Ramp Inspection Programme Annual Report 2018 - 2019 Table of Contents Executive summary ........................................................................................................................................... 5 1 Introduction -
Dassault Falcon 5X Partners Press Release
Dassault Falcon 5X Partners B/E Aerospace Vacuum toilets Corse Composite Body Fairing Upper T34 & Front Lower T34 , Baggage access Door, Daher Socata Emergency Exit Door Eaton Aerospace Hydraulic System Elbit Head Up Display & EVS Ferranti Permanent Magnetic Alternator Converter ou PMAC FOKKER Vertical Fin & Horizontal Stabilizer GKN Aerospace Wing movable surfaces Heroux Devtek Landing Gear System Honeywell Aerospace Avionics Latélec Wiring Liebherr Aerospace Air Conditioning Meggitt Aircraft Braking Systems (MABS) Wheels, Brakes, Braking System Meggitt Aerospace / Securaplane Batteries Michelin Tires Nordam Cabin Windows POTEZ Passenger Door PPG Cockpit Windows SABCA Aft Lower T34 Safran / Labinal Wiring Safran / SAGEM Flaps Control Safran / SNECMA Engines, IPPS SICMA Pilot and third crew member Seats Thalès Avionics Electrical Systems Starter-Generator System Transdigm / Adams-Rite Aerospace Water System Transdigm / Avionics Instruments Cabin converter UTC / Pratt & Whitney AeroPower APU Air Data System, Fire Protection, Engine Throttle, RAT ou UTC / UTAS Ram Air Turbine Woodward Pedals Fuel Gaujing System and fuel distribution Equipment, Electrical Distribution, OCP ou Overhead Control Panel, Zodiac Aerospace Windshield de-icing convertor, Oxygen, Chemical Toilets, Multi Purpose maintenance computer. Dassault Aviation - 78, quai Marcel Dassault - 92552 Saint-Cloud Cedex 300 - France - Tel: +33 1 47 11 40 00 - Fax: +33 1 47 11 87 40 Dassault Falcon Jet Corp. - Teterboro Airport - Box 2000 - South Hackensack, NJ 07606 - USA - Tel: +1 201 440 6700 - Fax: +1204 541 46 19 1 Dassault Falcon 5X Partners Press Release Company Page B/E Aerospace …………………………………………………………………………………… 3-4 Daher Socata ……………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Eaton Aerospace ………………………………………………………………………………. 6-7 FOKKER ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 8 GKN Aerospace ………………………………………………………………………………….. 9 Liebherr Aerospace ……………………………………………………………………………. 10-11 Meggitt Aircraft Braking Systems (MABS) ………………………………………….