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MARITIME Security &Defence M May MARITIME 2021 a7.50 Security D 14974 E &Defence MSD From the Sea and Beyond ISSN 1617-7983 • Seasn i Transition… • 1-to-1: Commander RNLN www.maritime-security-defence.com • • MCM Vessels & Mines MITTLER • The Adriatic & The Baltic May 2021 • Fuel Cells, BMD & Cyber REPORT Marine Systems The Netherlands’ HDW Class 212CD E. European scope. German quality. Built in Holland. Experience counts. thyssenkrupp Marine Systems is one of the world’s leading naval system providers. Our sub marines, naval surface vessels and maritime defence equipment is known for superior technological excellence, reliability and longevity. Based on over 100 years of submarine experience and cutting-edge technologies, we have already provided more than 160 highly capable and stealthy submarines to over 20 navies worldwide. Our engagement is not constrained to technological and developmental issues, but is founded on long-lasting co-operations with navies, procurement offices and industrial partners. See the benchmark for non-nuclear submarines at www.thyssenkrupp-marinesystems.com Editorial Britain’s Integrated Review: Photo: author Setting a Course for Change March 2021 saw the conclusion of a long-awaited review of the United Kingdom’s future security and defence policy with the publication of two important documents aimed at setting out a framework for the post-Brexit era. Whilst squarely directed towards defining “Global Britain’s” strategic relationship with the rest of the world, the review’s conclusions contain much of relevance to other western democ- racies struggling to chart a course against the backdrop of a fast-changing world order. Moreover, both documents provide some insights into the political and technological factors that will influence future global maritime developments. Launched on 26 February 2020, the UK’s Integrated Review of foreign policy, defence, security and international develop- ment has been trumpeted as the most significant British security revamp since the Cold War’s end. Its conclusions were finally published in Global Britain in a competitive age on Tuesday 16 March 2021 after delays caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Perhaps inevitably, the long shadow of Brexit has been a major influence. Some, particularly in Europe, may perceive that the review marks a further distancing in engagement with the continent. Arguably, the reality is more complex. In essence, the review attempts to balance a continued commitment to European – and NATO – security with a desire to develop a more per- sistent worldwide presence. Seeking to make Britain “match-fit for a competitive world”, it looks to adapt to a more difficult and fluid international environment and combat the rising danger posed by threats ranging from cyber-attacks to the use of weapons of mass destruction. Amongst headline-catching announcements were a decision to increase the stockpile of war- heads deployed on the Royal Navy’s strategic submarines from no more than 180 to no more than 260. This is to ensure the nuclear deterrent remains credible against a full spectrum of state-based nuclear threats. Whilst Global Britain in a competitive age set the direction of travel, it was the Defence Command Paper Defence in a com- petitive age published the following week that explained the means by which this journey will be achieved. The authorised strength of the British Army will be reduced by nearly 10,000 to just 72,500 trained personnel as part of a move towards a more maritime focused, techno-centric strategy. This will be accompanied by the wholesale early retirement of so-called “leg- acy equipment” – including two Type 23 frigates – to help fund new systems that include a substantial programme of naval shipping. Amongst the many inferences that can be drawn from the Integrated Review’s conclusions, three stand out in this editor’s mind. The first was revealed sometime before its publication when, in November 2020, Prime Minister Boris Johnson an- nounced a GBP24.1Bn (c. 14%) increase in the defence budget over the following four years to help fund the review’s con- clusions. The uplift, marking the largest sustained expansion in British military spending since the Cold War, is all the more remarkable given the havoc on government finances caused by the coronavirus pandemic. It certainly speaks volumes about the deteriorating international environment. Following on from similar increases in spending announced by other NATO mem- bers and partners, it is yet another indication that the lengthy period of real-terms defence reductions suffered by many of the western armed forces have now reached a conclusion. Secondly, a particularly notable feature of Global Britain in a competitive age is its focus on Russia and China as security threats. This is a clear reflection of the return to great power rivalry that has become increasingly evident over the past decade, with all the consequences for a re-prioritisation of naval warfighting technologies over stabilisation operations that this implies. However, whilst Russia is singled out as “the most acute threat”, the stance taken towards China’s emerging power is more nuanced. The inherent conflict that exists between China’s leading contribution to driving forward global trade and its less benign role as a systemic challenger to western values in the South China Sea and elsewhere is one that will not be easy to resolve. Finally, and by contrast, Defence in a competitive age propounds a much clearer technological vision. The threats of today will be met by the technology of tomorrow, with investment in space and autonomy accorded a high priority. For the Royal Navy, one consequence will be the eventual replacement of all of its existing manned HUNT and SANDOWN class mine coun- termeasures vessels (MCMVs) with autonomous mine hunting and clearance equipment. Again reflecting trends apparent in other navy’s future plans, the influence of artificial intelligence in maritime operations appears to be gaining momentum. Many of these themes – be they the revitalisation of Russian naval power, the need for Europe to develop a considered re- sponse to an emergent China and the changing nature of MCMVs – are explored further in this edition of MSD. We hope they make interesting reading. Yours aye Conrad May 2021 · Maritime Security & Defence 1 Contents Photo: Abeking & Rasmussen Photo: Crown Copyright 20290 The Russian Federation continues Page 7 In Europe and the Middle East, naval mine Page 33 to invest in the modernisation of its countermeasure capabilities are subject to naval forces. numerous modernisation programmes. MARITIME POLICY, STRATEGY & FORCES MARITIME INDUSTRY 7 The Russian Navy: What Their Assets 47 Piracy Re-Emerges Say About Their Naval Strategy Michael Meyer Dr James Bosbotinis 51 German-Dutch Cooperation in Naval 11 Meeting the Political Face Shipbuilding: Charting a New Course of the German Maritime Industry Christian Freiherr von Oldershausen and Marcel Hendriks Interview with Norbert Brackmann, member of the German Bundestag (parliament) 54 The Vision of the Fuel Cell Becomes Reality Felix Selzer 13 A Navy in Cooperation: The Royal Netherlands Navy Interview with Vice-Admiral Rob A. Kramer, Commander of the Royal Netherlands Navy (CZSK) MARITIME OPERATIONS & DOCTRINE 18 The Critical Eye: The Polish Navy’s 57 Sea Blind – Placing Cyber-Security’s Evolving Modernisation in Focus Impact on Maritime Operations Dr Robert Czulda Mark McIntyre and Joe DiPietro 22 Adriatic Security from the Croatian Perspective Igor Tabak COLUMNS 25 Is “DEU MARFOR” German for 1 Editorial “NAVAL READINESS”? Interview Stephan Haisch, 3 Periscope Deputy Cdr DEU MARFOR, RAdm (LH) 6 Periscope/The Watch Bill SHIP DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGIES 26 Masthead 28 Ballistic Missile Defence at Sea Bob Nugent Index of Advertisers 33 MCMV Survey European and Middle Eastern Navies Abeking & Rasmussen 4th cover Guy Toremans IMDEX 60 IMDS 24 38 The BE-NL rMCM Replacement Mine Israel Shipyards 29 Countermeasures Capability Programme Koehler 56 Guy Toremans Lürssen 48/49 40 Modernisation of the SPY Radar Family Marine Alutech 17 Thomas Withington Sentient Vision Systems 27 44 Fire Suppression & Containment thyssenkrupp Marine Systems 2nd cover Edward Lundquist TNO 12 2 Maritime Security & Defence · May 2021 Periscope Rolls-Roiyce Deliversd Its First which will integrate equipment and sys- metric threats such as UAVs and small 16-Cylinder mtu Series 8000 tems sourced from group facilities and aircraft, as well as against future threats Engines other contractors throughout France. The characterised by low observable infrared (cw) Rolls-Royce Power Systems AG has de- programme represents a massive financial and radio frequency signatures. The new livered the first of its new, 16 cylinder ver- and industrial commitment at a time when missile will be used in conjunction with sion of the established mtu Series 8000 of the French Navy will also be undertaking other VL MICA systems on board Egypt’s diesel engines. Premiered at the Euronaval construction of its Porte-Avions Nouvelle four new GOWIND type corvettes. The trade show at Paris in October 2016, the Génération (PANG) aircraft carrier, a pro- second unit of the class – and the first as- 16V 8000 is designed to deliver up to 8 MW ject that is also due for delivery in the lat- sembled in Egypt at the Alexandria Ship- of power. A completely new engine that ter half of the 2030s. yard – was delivered on 6 January 2021. incorporates various technological improve- ments in the areas of ease of maintenance, Intermarine Awarded Contract JMSDF Launches efficiency and environmental compliance for New Italian Navy MCMVs Lead 30FFM Frigate over its predecessors, it is far more than (lp) The Italian MoD’s Naval Armament (cw) On 3 March 2021, Mitsubishi Heavy simply a different cylinder variant of the cur- directorate has awarded Intermarine, a Industries launched the Japan Maritime rent, highly successful Series 8000 engines company of the Immsi Industrial Group, Self Defence Force’s (JMSDF’s) lead 30FFM an undisclosed value contract for the risk type frigate, MOGAMI, from its Naga- reduction and definition phase for a new saki shipyard.
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