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Modulates Plant Cell-Wall Composition Arabidopsis Response Regulator 6 (ARR6) Modulates Plant Cell-Wall Composition and Disease Resistance Laura Bacete, Hugo Mélida, Gemma López, Patrick Dabos, Dominique Tremousaygue, Nicolas Denancé, Eva Miedes, Vincent Bulone, Deborah Goffner, Antonio Molina To cite this version: Laura Bacete, Hugo Mélida, Gemma López, Patrick Dabos, Dominique Tremousaygue, et al.. Ara- bidopsis Response Regulator 6 (ARR6) Modulates Plant Cell-Wall Composition and Disease Re- sistance. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, American Phytopathological Society, 2020, 33 (5), pp.767-780. 10.1094/MPMI-12-19-0341-R. hal-03023355 HAL Id: hal-03023355 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03023355 Submitted on 27 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Page 1 of 119 Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Laura Bacete et al. 1 Arabidopsis Response Regulator 6 (ARR6) modulates plant 2 cell wall composition and disease resistance 3 Laura Bacete1,2,#, Hugo Mélida1, Gemma López1, Patrick Dabos3, Dominique 4 Tremousaygue3, Nicolas Denancé3,4,†, Eva Miedes1,2, Vincent Bulone5,6, Deborah 5 Goffner4, and Antonio Molina1,2* 6 1Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid 7 (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 8 Campus Montegancedo-UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain. 9 2Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de 10 Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de 11 Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain. 12 3LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, UPS, Castanet‐Tolosan Cedex, France 13 4Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 14 5546, Chemin de Borde Rouge, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France 15 5Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, 16 Biotechnology and Health, Division of Glycoscience, AlbaNova University Center, SE- 17 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. 18 6ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls and School of Agriculture, Food and 19 Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia. 20 *Corresponding author: Antonio Molina, [email protected] 21 #Current address: Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian 22 University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway. 23 †Current address: GEVES, Station Nationale des Essais de Semences, Laboratoire de 24 Pathologie, Beaucouzé, France. 1 Page 2 of 119 Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Laura Bacete et al. 25 ORCID#: L. Bacete (0000-0003-3171-8181), H. Mélida (0000-0003-1792-0113), G. 26 López (0000-0001-8390-0466), P. Dabos (0000-0002-9486-5720), D. Tremousaygue 27 (0000-0003-3992-4924), N. Denancé (0000-0003-0173-3970), E. Miedes (0000-0003- 28 2899-1494), V. Bulone (0000-0002-9742-4701), D. Goffner (0000-0002-1232-7911), A. 29 Molina (0000-0003-3137-7938). 30 31 Author Contributions: A.M. initiated, conceived and coordinated all the experiments 32 except those related to R. solanacearum, which were conceived and initiated by D.T and 33 D.G.. L.B. performed the experiments described in Fig. 1, 2, 4, 5, Fig. S1-S4, S6-S7, and 34 Tables S1-S5. H.M. conceived and initiated the experiments to determine cell wall 35 composition and generate the pectin subfractions, and carried out the experiments 36 described in Fig. 3, Fig. S9-S10, and Table S6. P.D., D.T. and N.D. performed the disease 37 resistance experiment with R. solanacearum. D.G. initially selected the arr6-3 allele. E.M. 38 performed the cell wall analyses included in Fig. S9b and contributed to microarray 39 analysis. V.B. contributed in the design of the cell wall analyses included in Fig. S9-S10. 40 G.L. isolated RNA for microarray analysis, prepared PcBMM spores and contributed to 41 the generation of transgenic plants (Fig.1 and S2) and the experiments of Fig. S1B and 42 Fig. S8. L.B and H.M prepared the tables and figures. A.M., L.B. and H.M. wrote the 43 paper. N.D., D.T. and V.B. edited the paper. 2 Page 3 of 119 Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Laura Bacete et al. 44 Abstract 45 The cytokinin signaling pathway, which is mediated by Arabidopsis Response Regulators 46 (ARRs) proteins, has been involved in the modulation of some disease resistance 47 responses. Here, we describe novel functions of ARR6 in the control of plant disease 48 resistance and cell wall composition. Plants impaired in ARR6 function (arr6) were more 49 resistant and susceptible, respectively, to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella 50 cucumerina and to the vascular bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, whereas Arabidopsis 51 plants that overexpress ARR6 showed the opposite phenotypes, which further support a 52 role of ARR6 in the modulation of disease resistance responses against these pathogens. 53 Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses revealed that, in arr6 plants, canonical 54 disease resistance pathways, like those activated by defensive phytohormones, were not 55 altered, whereas immune responses triggered by Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns 56 were slightly enhanced. Cell wall composition of arr6 plants was found to be severely 57 altered compared to that of wild-type plants. Remarkably, pectin-enriched cell wall 58 fractions extracted from arr6 walls triggered more intense immune responses than those 59 activated by similar wall fractions from wild-type plants, suggesting that arr6 pectin 60 fraction is enriched in wall-related Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns, which trigger 61 immune responses. This work supports a novel function of ARR6 in the control of cell- 62 wall composition and disease resistance and reinforces the role of the plant cell wall in 63 the modulation of specific immune responses. 3 Page 4 of 119 Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Laura Bacete et al. 64 Short title: ARR6 effects on wall composition and resistance. 65 66 Keywords: Arabidopsis response regulators (ARR), cell wall, cytokinin, Damage- 67 Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMPs), disease resistance, immunity, Plectosphaerella 68 cucumerina, Ralstonia solanacearum. 4 Page 5 of 119 Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Laura Bacete et al. 69 Plants are sessile organisms that need to develop robust disease resistance 70 mechanisms to efficiently defend themselves from pathogens and pests. Plant defense is 71 tightly regulated by a complex network of phytohormones, which precisely integrates 72 external and internal cues to maintain homeostasis and coordinate the defense responses 73 at the spatial and temporal levels (Couto and Zipfel 2016; Pieterse et al. 2012). In 74 Arabidopsis, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) are the most 75 important hormones regulating plant disease resistance responses (Denancé et al. 2013a; 76 Robert-Seilaniantz et al. 2011; Shigenaga et al. 2017). The SA pathway is usually 77 effective in mediating resistance against biotrophic pathogens, whereas JA and ET 78 pathways are commonly required for immune responses against necrotrophic pathogens 79 and insects (Bari and Jones 2008; Denancé et al. 2013a; Glazebrook 2005). In addition to 80 SA, JA and ET, other phytohormones may also function as plant immunity modulators 81 and play specific roles in resistance to different types of pathogens (Robert-Seilaniantz et 82 al. 2011; Shigenaga et al. 2017). 83 Cytokinins have emerged as an important hub integrating defense responses 84 mediated by other hormones (Choi et al. 2011), and have been shown to regulate the 85 expression of defense genes and the activation of immune responses as determined in 86 plants treated with cytokinins or in cytokinin-overaccumulating lines (Choi et al., 2010). 87 Cytokinins are a family of N6-substituted adenine derivatives and chemically unrelated 88 phenylurea type hormones primarily involved in cell growth and differentiation. In 89 Arabidopsis, cytokinins are perceived by Arabidopsis Histidine Kinase 2–4 (AHK2–4) 90 receptors, that are two-component system proteins which initiate a downstream 91 phosphotransfer cascade that leads to the phosphorylation of Arabidopsis Response 92 Regulator (ARR) proteins through Arabidopsis Histidine Phosphotransfer (AHP) proteins 93 (Hwang et al. 2012; Naseem et al. 2014; To et al. 2004, 2007). The activation of cytokinin 5 Page 6 of 119 Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Laura Bacete et al. 94 pathway results in the transcriptional expression of a set of specific cytokinin-regulated 95 genes that have been identified by meta-analyses (Bhargava et al. 2013). 96 ARRs are encoded by a multigenic family comprising 21 members that have been 97 classified in three types (A-C) depending on their structural domains and functions: (i) 98 type A, comprising ARR3–ARR9 and ARR15–ARR17, negatively regulate cytokinin 99 responses and are transcriptionally regulated by type B ARRs; (ii) type B, namely ARR1- 100 ARR2, ARR10–ARR14, and ARR18–ARR21, are transcription factors that positively 101 regulate cytokinin signaling (Hwang et al. 2012). A type C group of ARRs has also been 102 described,
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