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Full Book PDF Download THE POLITICS TODAY COMPANION TO WEST EUROPEAN POLITICS POLITICS TODAY series editor Bill Jones Ideology and politics in Britain today The Politics Today companion to American Ian Adams government Alan Grant and Edward Ashbee Political ideology, 2nd edition Ian Adams Political issues in Britain today, 5th edition Bill Jones (editor) Scandinavian politics today David Arter British politics today, 6th edition Bill Jones and Dennis Kavanagh American society today Edward Ashbee Trade unions in Britain today, 2nd edition John McIlroy US politics today Edward Ashbee and Nigel Ashford Italian politics today Hilary Partridge Pressure groups today Rob Baggot Britain in the European Union today, 2nd edition French politics today, new edition Colin Pilkington David S. Bell The Civil Service in Britain today Local government today, 3rd edition Colin Pilkington J. A. Chandler Devolution in Britain today Political issues in Ireland today, Colin Pilkington 2nd edition Neil Collins (editor) The Politics Today companion to the British Constitution Irish politics today, 4th edition Colin Pilkington Neil Collins and Terry Cradden Representative democracy in Britain today General Elections today, 2nd edition Colin Pilkington Frank Conley German politics today East Central European politics today Geoffrey Roberts Keith Crawford European politics today US elections today (Elections USA, Geoffrey Roberts and Patricia Hogwood 2nd edition) Philip John Davies Debates in British politics today Lynton Robins and Bill Jones (editors) Political issues in America today Philip John Davies and Government and the economy today Fredric A. Waldstein (editors) Graham P. Thomas British political parties today, 2nd edition Prime Minister and Cabinet today Robert Garner and Richard Kelly Graham P. Thomas Spanish politics today Political communication today John Gibbons Duncan Watts POLITICS TODAY series editor Bill Jones THE POLITICS TODAY COMPANION TO WEST EUROPEAN POLITICS Geoffrey K. Roberts and Patricia Hogwood Manchester University Press Manchester Copyright © Geoffrey K. Roberts and Patricia Hogwood 2003 The right of Geoffrey K. Roberts and Patricia Hogwood to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by Manchester University Press Altrincham Street, Manchester M1 7JA, UK www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for ISBN 0 7190 5420 6 hardback 0 7190 5421 4 paperback First published 2003 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for any external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Typeset by Carnegie Publishing Ltd, Lancaster Contents Preface page vii Spain General 163 The transition to democracy 163 Section 1 Events, groups and developments Elections and changes of government List of entries 1 163 Smaller democracies 164 Europe Section 2 Biographies Integration 164 General 167 List of entries 77 Section 3 Abbreviations Section 5 Data relating to political systems General abbreviations 143 The countries of Western Europe Political parties 143 Austria 169 European and cross-national organisations Belgium 170 147 Denmark 172 Miscellaneous 147 Finland 172 France 174 Germany 176 Section 4 Chronologies Greece 177 Iceland 178 United Kingdom Ireland 179 General elections and changes of Italy 180 government 149 Luxembourg 181 General 150 Malta 182 France The Netherlands 183 The Fourth Republic 152 Norway 184 The transition to the Fifth Republic and the Portugal 185 Algerian issue 153 Spain 186 The Fifth Republic: general 153 Sweden 187 The Fifth Republic: elections and changes Switzerland 188 of government 154 United Kingdom 189 Germany International organisations in Western Bundestag elections, changes of Europe government and election of federal Council of Europe 191 presidents 155 European Union (EU) 191 The division and reunification of Germany North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 157 (NATO) 192 General 159 Italy General 160 Elections and changes of government 161 Selected references 193 Preface Generally politics textbooks lack other important organisations which sufficient space to provide full details of play (or have played in the recent past) important political actors or of particular a significant political role, together with political events or crises. They may well the names of those organisations. refer to political leaders or events, such Where appropriate these are given in as Konrad Adenauer or Olaf Palme, the English translation and in their ‘home’ Suez crisis or Poujadism, but usually language. The fourth section is a set of only in passing and not in sufficient chronologies, divided into groups based detail to inform the reader adequately on particular countries or groups of about the political careers of these countries. As well as a general politicians, or the origins, course and chronology for each country or group of consequences of the events. As countries, specialised chronologies of co-authors of the textbook: European major developments are supplied, Politics Today, we are aware that which cover, for example, the students need a background in the reunification of Germany and the contemporary history of European transition to democracy in Spain. The countries in order to understand the fifth section is a set of political data significance of the political relating to the political system of each developments which we trace in that country in Western Europe. textbook. We have therefore Of course difficult choices had to be endeavoured to write an accessible and made concerning what to include and relevant guide to the kind of background what to leave out. Generally speaking, information which students will need in the time-frame is from the start of the order to get to grips with the political Second World War onwards (with systems of Western European countries December 2001 as the ‘closing date’). and the changes taking place in those We have selected the Second World political systems. War as a starting point, as this turned This Companion to West European out to be an important watershed in the Politics has five sections. Sections 1 and development of societies and political 2 provide, in the style of a dictionary, and economic systems in most Western (a) explanations of significant political European countries. We have, though, events, groupings and developments, included occasional references to some and (b) details of the political careers of earlier developments and events where significant West European politicians, these have been especially relevant to especially those who have been head of post-war developments, such as the their country’s government or head of Spanish civil war and nazism. state. Entries in both sections contain, Geographically, the book is confined to where appropriate, cross-references to Western Europe. Special emphasis has other entries in those two sections: for been placed on the United Kingdom, instance, the entry for Mitterrand has a France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the cross-reference to cohabitation, and that political system of the European Union, for the Suez crisis has cross-references to reflect the relative size and political to Eden and Macmillan. The third importance of those political systems, as section consists of lists of abbreviations well as the fact that they constitute the (or short names) of political parties and focus of most courses in West Preface European politics in universities and The authors hope that students will colleges. We have, though, been careful find this book useful as a supplement to to include politicians and events which their textbooks, and that teachers and have proved decisive for smaller and other readers will make use of the book less familiar European democracies, and as a reliable source of information and which have often impacted upon larger reference. countries and the European Union. In Preface the first section, covering events and The authors wish to express their developments, no attempt has been thanks to Ian Gillan, Jill Lovecy, Elisa PREFACE made to provide coverage of general Roller and Alasdair Young for their political science concepts, such as valuable advice and suggestions. Full viii presidentialism or opposition. Only responsibility for the work remains, of where a concept has special relevance course, with its authors. to Western Europe has it been included. Examples are: cohabitation, consociationalism, grand coalition and Geoffrey K. Roberts, Manchester new politics. Patricia Hogwood, Glasgow Section 1 Events, groups and developments LIST OF ENTRIES Campaign for Nuclear European Defence Disarmament (CND) Community (EDC): Pleven acquis communitaire ‘cash for questions’ affair Plan Action Directe chancellor democracy European enlargement additionality church tax European Free Trade Additional Member System citizen initiative groups Association (EFTA) (AMS) citizens in uniform European Unit of Account adversary politics civil society (EUA) [See: European Aegean Sea dispute Clause Four Currency Unit (ECU)] Algerian conflict (1954–62) ‘clean hands’ operation euro-sceptic Alternative Vote System (AV) [See: Mani pulite] Eurosclerosis Amsterdam Treaty clientelism Events of
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