59 © Sahlbergia Vol. 10: 59–62, 2005

Polypore-inhabiting beetles of four protected forests in South Häme, Central Finland Dmitry S. Schigel

Schigel, D. S. 2005: Polypore-inhabiting beetles of four protected forests in South Häme, Central Finland. — Sahlbergia 10: 59-62. Helsinki, Finland, ISSN 1237–3273.

Beetles living on polypores show preferences to hardness, moisture and other characteristics of fungal substrates. This topic was studied in four protected forests in South Häme, Central Finland (Lammi Biological Station Reserve, Kotinen Virgin Forest, Metsäksensoidinmaa Nature Reserve, and Vesijako Strict Nature Reserve). On 21 polypore species 30 such beetle species were found. New larval substrates are reported for three beetle species, Perenniporia subacida for Cis nitidus, Trametes velutina for Cis hispidus, and Postia stiptica for Hallomenus binotatus. Clambus nigrellus, a rare beetle species in Finland, is attracted to a near-threatened polypore Postia guttulata.

D. S. Schigel, Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: dmitry. shchigel@helsinki.fi

Introduction interactions in boreal forests. This study From the 1960’s considerable research acti- programme focuses mostly on feeding prefe- vity has been focused on polypore-inhabiting rences among uncommon beetle species and beetles. These insects, together with their ea- on how insufficiently studied polypore fungi sily recognisable fungal hosts, have become (i.e. poroid non-bolete Basidiomycota) attract a favoured study object in forest ecology and different species and genera of Coleoptera. studies in biodiversity and population biology The present study describes the results in the Nordic countries. Tens of Fennoscan- of a number of collections and rearings of dian papers dealing with saproxylic insects polypore-associated beetles in South Häme have been published during the last 15 years, Province. e.g. Økland (1995), Andersen et al. (2000), Thunes et al. (2000), Kaila (1993), Komonen Material and methods et al. (2001), Martikainen (2001), Siitonen et Material was collected during the autumns of al. (2001), Ehnström & Axelsson (2002), and 2001–2004 in the surroundings of the Lam- Jonsell & Nordlander (2002), each containing mi Biological Station (grid 27°E 6773:394) extensive reference lists. For further literature and in some more distant places, such as sources see Komonen (2003). the Kotinen Virgin Forest (6794:395) The project Rare and insufficiently known and the Metsäksensoidinmaa Nature Reser- Aphyllophorales fungi in Finland and their ve (6788:403) in Evo, and the Vesijako Strict beetles aims to solve certain taxonomical Nature Reserve (6807:398) in Padasjoki. problems in mycology, and to collect ecolo- Localities are given in the Finnish National gical and biogeography data on beetle–fungus Grid Coordinate System. Collecting and Schigel: Polypore-inhabiting beetles 60

Table 1. Polypores and their beetles. Polypore species are given in an alphabetical order. IUCN threat categories are according to Rassi et al. (2001), specified after polypore names if present. Localities (LOC) are coded as L = Lammi Biological Station Reserve, K = Kotinen Virgin Forest, M = Metsäksensoidinmaa Nature Reserve, V = Vesijako Strict Nature Reserve. Numbers of insect specimens found or reared are given in parentheses after the beetle species name. Imagines collected in nature are indicated in light face; insect records of larvae or reared imagines in bold face. Beetle – fungus associations meeting the Lawrence (1973) criterion are marked with “10+” instead of the number of larvae or reared imago specimens. Fungus species LOC Insect records Amylocystis lapponica (Romell) Singer VU V Ostoma ferruginea (Linnaeus, 1758) (6), Hallomenus binotatus (Quensel, 1790) (1), Acrulia inflata (Gyllenhal, 1813) (1). Antrodia serialis (Fr.) Donk M Cis glabratus Mellié, 1848 (1), Cis dentatus Mellié, 1848 (2). Bjerkandera adusta (Willd. : Fr.) P. Karst. L Cis boleti (Scopoli, 1763) (1), Cis hispidus (Paykull, 1798) (3), Rhizophagus dispar (Paykull, 1800) (7). Cerrena unicolor (Bull. : Fr.) Murrill L Cis comptus Gyllenhal, 1827 (2). Datronia mollis (Sommerf.) Donk M Scaphisoma boreale Lundblad, 1952 (1). Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw. : Fr.) P. Karst. L, M Cis glabratus (10+), Cis quadridens Mellié, 1848 (3), Sepedophilus testaceus (Fabricius, 1793) (1 ♀), Latridius hirtus Gyllenhal, 1827 (1). Ganoderma lipsiense (Batsch) G.F. Atk. L Cis jacquemartii Mellié, 1848 (9). Gelatoporia pannocincta (Romell) Niemelä NT M Sepedophilus littoreus (Linnaeus, 1758) (1 ♂), Rhizophagus dispar (5). Leptoporus mollis (Pers. : Fr.) Quél. M Cerylon histeroides (Fabricius, 1793) (1). Inonotus radiatus (Sowerby : Fr.) P. Karst. V Leptusa pulchella (Mannerheim, 1830) (1). Ischnoderma benzoinum (Wahlenb. : Fr.) P. Karst. V Sepedophilus testaceus (1). Perenniporia subacida (Peck) Donk NT M Cis nitidus (Fabricius, 1792) (2). Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat. L Quedius xanthopus Erichson, 1839 (1 ♂), Placusa tachyporoides (Waltl, 1838) (1 ♂), Phloeonomus punctipennis Thomson, 1867 (2 ♂, 1 ♀), Dinaraea aequata (Erichson, 1837) (1 ♂, 1 ♀), Atheta pallidicornis (Thomson, 1856) (1 ♂, 2 ♀), Rhizophagus dispar (12), Cerylon ferrugineum Stephens, 1830 (1), Cryptophagus quercinus Kraatz, 1852 (1). Phellinus tremulae (Bondartsev) Bondartsev & K Orchesia micans (Panzer, 1794) (1). Borisov Piptoporus betulinus (Bull. : Fr.) P. Karst. L Cis bidentatus (Olivier, 1790) (10+), Dolichocis laricinus (Mellié, 1848) (1). Postia guttulata (Peck) Jülich NT V Clambus nigrellus Rtt. Reitter, 1914 (1). Postia stiptica (Pers. : Fr.) Jülich V Hallomenus binotatus (1). Trametes hirsuta (Wulfen : Fr.) Pilát L Cis boleti (10+), Cis hispidus (10+), Octotemnus glabriculus (Gyllenhal, 1827) (10+). Trametes ochracea (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden L Cis boleti (10+), Cis hispidus (10+), Octotemnus glabriculus (Gyllenhal, 1827) (10+). Trametes velutina (Fr.) G. Cunn. L Cis boleti (10+), Cis hispidus (10+), Octotemnus glabriculus (Gyllenhal, 1827) (10+). Tyromyces chioneus (Fr.) P. Karst. M Dinaraea aequata (1 ♂). 61 Schigel: Polypore-inhabiting beetles rearing was done by standard methods gi. The hardness, water contents and other (Nikitsky & Schigel 2004). Specimens are characteristics of the host fungus seem to be preserved in the Finnish Museum of to select which beetle species are attracted Natural History, University of Helsinki. and which are not (Schigel et al. 2004). For Polypore nomenclature follows Niemelä instance, imagines of Cerylon histeroides (2004), coleopteran names are given accor- visit the tyromycetoid (soft and watery) fun- ding to Silfverberg (2004), with the exception gus Leptoporus mollis, Dinaraea aequata of the Ciidae that are treated following Müller occurs on Tyromyces chioneus, and Ostoma et al. (2001). ferruginea, Hallomenus binotatus and Acrulia inflata utilize Amylocystis lapponica (VU). Results The xanthochroic, fibrous fruit bodies of From the studied 21 polypore species, 30 Inonotus radiatus attract imagines of Leptusa beetle species were found, belonging to 10 pulchella. The young and soft fruit bodies of families. Eleven Coleoptera species were Ischnoderma benzionum are visited by Sepe- collected as larvae, and others were attracted dophilus testaceus. Spores of fomitoid, woody to polypore fruit bodies as adult beetles. The Phellinus tremulae serve as food substrate to highest number of beetle species (8, all new the imagines of Orchesia micans, while adult for the substrate) was found on Phaeolus Latridius hirtus individuals are attracted by schweinitzii. Our set of beetle species from fruit bodies of Fomitopsis pinicola (Table 1). common polypores (Bjerkandera adusta, Clambus nigrellus is a rare species in Cerrena unicolor, Ganoderma lipsiense, Finland: there are only a few records Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, (Mannerkoski 2000). A single specimen of Trametes spp.) proved to be typical for this beetle was collected on the hymenophore European boreal zone in general, and no new of a red-listed (NT) polypore Postia guttulata beetle associations were found among these in the Vesijako Strict Nature Reserve. Postia fungi. However, for three beetle species new guttulata usually grows on uprooted bases or larval substrates were found, Perenniporia on cracked stumps of spruce wind-throws in subacida for Cis nitidus, Trametes velutina old-growth forests; it has not been found on for Cis hispidus, and Postia stiptica for Hal- saw-cut stumps. lomenus binotatus. Data on the attraction of Most Ciidae species colonise annual beetle adults to the fungal fruit bodies are new polypores, and they usually develop in for the most of beetle species (Table 1). recently died fruit bodies, but some utilise pe- rennial fruit bodies. For instance, Cis nitidus Discussion was reared from fruit bodies of Perenniporia Recording beetles that visit fruit bodies of subacida, an indicator of old spruce forests polypores is a powerful tool for regional stu- in Finland. Fibrous and corky fruit bodies dies in beetle species diversity and ecology. of Antrodia serialis are usually eaten up by It helps to reveal the presence of overlooked moth caterpillars, whose excrements are beetle species and those avoiding traps, and kept together by silky threads. This way of clarifies poorly known post-pupal dietary colonisation is characteristic and is used for habits and life histories of beetles. the field distinguishing of A. serialis from the Fruit bodies of certain polypores attract other white resupinate polypores. Some fruit beetles, previously unknown from these fun- bodies of A. serialis, however, stay uncoloni- Schigel: Polypore-inhabiting beetles 62 sed by moths and are finally consumed by Cis tera, Polyphaga, Ciidae and Pterogeniidae). dentatus. Imagines of Cis glabratus also visit — Mitt. Mus. Naturkund. Berlin, Zool. Reihe this polypore (Table 1). 77: 303–323. Niemelä, T. 2004: Guide to the polypores of Fin- References land. 15th revised edition. — Bot. Bull. Univ. Andersen, J., Olberg, S. & Haugen, L. 2000: Sa- Helsinki 184: 1–148. proxylic beetles (Coleoptera) of Troms and Nikitsky, N.B. & Schigel, D.S. 2004: Beetles in Western Finnmark, northern Norway with polypores of the Moscow region: checklist exceptional distribution in Fennoscandia. — and ecological notes. — Entomol. Fennica Norwegian J. Entomol. 47: 29–40. 15: 6–22. Ehnström, B. & Axelsson, R. 2002: Insektsgnag i Økland, B. 1995: Insect fauna compared between bark och ved. — ArtDatabanken SLU: 165– six polypore species in a southern Norwegi- 498. an spruce forest. — Fauna Norvegica B 42: Jonsell, M. & Nordlander, G. 2002: Insects in po- 21–46. lypore fungi as indicator species: a compari- Rassi, P., Alanen, A., Kanerva, T. & Mannerkoski, son between forest sites differing in amounts I. 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