DOCSLIB.ORG

Child Labour, Maternity Rights on Agenda

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Child Labour, Maternity Rights on Agenda GOVERNING BODY DISCUSSES MYANMAR, FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION AND THE ASIAN JUAN SOMAVIA, OF CHILE, FINANCIAL CRISIS IS NEW DIRECTOR-GENERAL International Labour Office No. 29, April / May 1999 ILO CONFERENCE TO DEBATE KEY ISSUES: CHILD LABOUR, MATERNITY RIGHTS ON AGENDA NEW CONVENTION ON MATERNITY RIGHTS NEEDED TO FILL GAPS Draft Convention to Receive First Consideration This Year GENEVA (ILO News) - In just over 10 years, 80 per cent of all women in industrialized countries and 70 per cent globally will be working out- side the home throughout their child-bearing years. As women’s partici- pation in the labour market continues to rise and women return to work after childbirth in ever greater numbers, the need for measures which WORST WORK: The new Convention on the worst forms of child labour will benefit children in urgent need, like these children who work in a fireworks enable them to reconcile their specific role in child bearing with their factory. Photo: David Browne, ILO professional activities has become more evident. Eliminating The “Worst” Forms In June, the International Labour account changes in women’s coverage to all employed women; Conference will undertake the employment since then. The re- stronger protection from dismissal of Child Labour: Delegates to first discussion of the revision of vised instruments may include during pregnancy, absence on the Maternity Protection Con- fewer technical provisions which maternity leave and after return to vote on final adoption vention No. 103 which was adop- have proven to be obstacles to work; and measures to remove ted in 1952, with a view to adop- ratification in the past. maternity as a source of discrimi- ting more up-to-date inter- Important elements to be consi- nation in employment. Issue Received First Consideration Last national standards which take into dered include: the extension of (Please see inside for article) PROTECTING MOTHERS: A new ILO Convention could provide more up-to- Year; Consensus Nearly Reached date standards reflecting modern working conditions. GENEVA (ILO News) - In an pornography, and illegal activities, INSIDE effort to focus new attention on the and hazardous work that is likely to worst forms of child labour, the jeopardize the health, safety or • Enterprise Forum 87th International Labour Con- morals of children. brochure ference (ILC) is to hold a second “Ending child labour is a goal discussion on a new Convention in itself” Director-General Juan that will address the intolerable Somavia said in his inaugural exploitation of children in such address to the ILO Governing Body work. The Conference hosted its on 22 March. “It is also a powerful first discussion of the Convention way of promoting economic and in 1998. human development. Through the States which ratify the Conven- International Programme on the tion following its adoption will Elimination of Child Labour have the basic obligation to take (IPEC), the ILO has a powerful measures to secure the prohibition operational arm to support its nor- and immediate elimination of the mative activities. I look forward to worst forms of child labour. These the approval of a new Convention include all forms of child slavery, on child labour next June.” Photodisc No. 29, April / May 1999 No. 29, use of children in prostitution, (Please see inside for article) WORLD OF Workork WorldW of Work magazine is published five times per year by the Bureau of Public Information of the ILO in Geneva. Also published in Chinese, Czech, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Japanese, Norwegian, Russian, Slovak, Spanish and Swedish. ■ Editor: Thomas Netter ■ German edition: Hans von Rohland The ILO in history ■ Arabic edition: Khawla Mattar ILO Office, Beirut ■ Spanish edition: in collaboration with the ILO Office, Madrid 1919: An American paradox ■ Production Manager: Kiran Mehra-Kerpelman As early as 1919, the United States – whose entry into the First World War had turned This magazine is not an the tide–appeared to be the key power of the emerging new world. In January 1918, US official document of the International Labour President Woodrow Wilson had advocated the creation of a “general society of nations,” Organization. The opinions later to become the League of Nations in Geneva. And for their part, American trade unions expressed do not necessarily had actively campaigned for years in favour of international measures for the protection reflect the views of the ILO. of workers. The designations employed Among the 15 members of the Commission for the study of international labour legislation do not imply the expression appointed on 25 January 1919 by the Peace Conference in Versailles were two Americans, of any opinion whatsoever including Samuel Gompers, President of the American on the part of the ILO Federation of Labor (AFL). Gompers was to play a concerning the legal status key role in the work of the Commission with his three- of any country, area or tiered responsibility–as trade union leader, represen- territory or of its authori- ties, or concerning the tative of the United States and President of the delimitation of its frontiers. Commission. Yet he was also to personify an American paradox: despite it’s passionate involvement in the Reference to names of creation of the new institution (the future ILO), the firms and commercial US faced the quasi-impossibility of becoming a member. products and processes does not imply their endorsement The difficulties were both technical and political. by the ILO, and any failure The basis for the Commission’s deliberations was a to mention a particular British draft proposal. The American problems would firm, commercial product or come to light during the examination of points in the process is not a sign of draft related to the representation of States within the disapproval. future ILO, and especially the ratification and moni- Texts and photographs toring of the application of future Conventions. Under may be freely reproduced the American Constitution, social laws were the domain with mention of source. of each individual State. Thus, Washington could not Written notification is ratify a text in this area without obtaining the approval appreciated. of the 48 States comprising the Union at the time. The entire system foreseen by the British draft under All correspondence should be addressed to the Bureau discussion was soon paralyzed. of Public Information, ILO, Three Articles out of some 40 contained in the CH-1211 Geneva 22, draft consumed nearly one-fourth of the time of the Switzerland. Commission – eight of their 35 meetings. From an Tel. +4122/799-7912 American counter-proposal presented in the last days Fax +4122/799-8577 of the Commission, the idea was retained that the http://www.ilo.org future organization could adopt less-restrictive Rec- Readers in the U.S. should ommendations alongside the compulsory Conventions. send their correspondence to Samuel Gompers The compromise thus obtained (along with other clauses) the International Labor allowed Gompers to declare that he could henceforth Office, Washington Branch, “conduct a campaign in favour of the draft”. 1828 L Street, N.W., Suite That wasn’t enough. Because of isolationist opposition to Wilson’s policy, the American 801, Washington, DC 20036. Tel: +202/653-7652 Senate, on 20 November 1919, refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and along with Fax: +202/653-7687 it the Pact of the League of Nations. Ironically, the very country which had played such an important role in its birth would remain outside of the League of Nations for its life Printed by ATAR SA, Geneva span – and, for the time being, the ILO as well. ISSN 1020-0010 Michel Fromont Cover design: Agence Paprika Source: Report of the Commission on International Labour Legislation, Official Bulletin, No. 1, ILO. WORLD OF WORK – No. 29 – 1999 2 CONTENTS JUAN SOMAVIA, OF CHILE, TAKES HELM AS NEW DIRECTOR-GENERAL .................................................................... 4 International Labour Conference Preview: Child labour: Creating a new Convention ................................................. 7 Maternity rights: Revising an old one ........................................................ 7 Africa works: ILO helps turn development into jobs ........................... 11 Small is bountiful: What smaller Eurolands can teach big ones about jobs ..................................................................................... 14 Postcard from Nigeria: As freedom grows wings, unions rise from the ashes ........................................................................ 20 Gaza strip: ILO Turin Centre concludes successful training for Palestinian women .............................................................. 21 Low-quality jobs for women: Opportunities or dead-ends? .................. 22 News in brief ........................................................... 24 ● Governing Body: Discusses ILO Declaration on fundamental rights, Myanmar, Asian financial crisis, new budget proposals ● Occupational safety and health: One million work-related fatalities each year as workplace hazards evolve ● Gender: Director-General calls for new approach ● Chemical industry: Workers mix voluntary initiatives with health, safety and the environment ● Public utilities: Job cuts from privatization unleash flood of public concern Features THE ILO IN HISTORY ................................................................................ 2 WORKING WORLD ..................................................................................................18
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Latin America and the Caribbean
    LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN The EU’s relations with Latin America and the Caribbean are multifaceted and conducted at different levels. The EU interacts with the entire region through summits of the heads of state and government, while agreements and political dialogue bind the EU and the Caribbean, Central America, the Andean Community, Mercosur and individual countries. LEGAL BASIS — Title V (EU external action) of the Treaty on European Union; — Titles I-III and V (common commercial policy; development cooperation and humanitarian aid; international agreements) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. REGION-TO-REGION RELATIONS A. The summits The first summit between the EU, Latin America and the Caribbean was held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1999 and established a Bi-regional Strategic Partnership. The most recent biennial summit, held in June 2015 in Brussels, was the second between the EU and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños, CELAC). The summits strengthen links between the two regions at the highest level and address issues on the bi-regional and international agendas. Debates have focused on topics such as democracy and human rights; fighting poverty; promoting social cohesion, innovation and technology; and the environment and climate change. The Brussels summit adopted a short political declaration, a longer declaration on the different aspects of the partnership and an EU- CELAC action plan, based on the priorities established by the recent
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliographies and Related Works
    Ecuadorian Studies / Estudios ecuatorianos No. 2 (Dec. 2002) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECUADORIAN BIBLIOGRAPHIES by Michael T. Hamerly and Miguel Díaz Cueva BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND RELATED WORKS 1. “Acercamiento bibliográfico al fenómeno de la violencia en Ecuador.” In Violencia en la región andina: el caso de Ecuador, edited by Julio Echeverría and Amparo Menéndez- Carrión. 1ª ed. Serie Estudios. Ciencias políticas (Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador, 1994), 261–273. As the political and economic climates of the country deteriorated during the late twentieth century, acts of violence, including the use of force by the state, became more commonplace. A timely guide, therefore, to some of the coeval literature on this major political and social phenomenon.1 2. Acosta Solís, Misael (1910–1994). Bibliografía científica del Dr. M. Acosta Solís de 1928 a 1972. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1972. [34] pp. Apparently the most complete of the several “autobibliographies” of the prolific Acosta Solís, one of the most important twentieth-century botanists and natural historians of the country, if not the most important. He was certainly the most prolific.2 Among his several important works, the three in five vol. Los recursos naturales del Ecuador y su conservación (México, D.F.: Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia, 1965–1969) deserves special mention because the fifth vol. is given over to Bibliografía sobre la naturaleza ecuatoriana. 3. Albán, María Elena. “Bibliografía de filosofía ecuatoriana.” Revista de historia de las ideas 2ª época, 4 (1983): 263–275. An alphabetical list of works by authors that express philosophical views of Ecuadorians. See also entry 76.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ecuadorean Participation in the Andean Pact: Macroeconomic and Sectoral Impact
    THE ECUADOREAN PARTICIPATION IN THE ANDEAN PACT: MACROECONOMIC AND SECTORAL IMPACT Germán Creamer Working Paper #226 - June 1996 Germán Creamer (PhD, University of Notre Dame) is Professor of Economics and Coordinator of the Economics Department at the Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO)—Sede Ecuador. He has worked as an advisor to the Presidency of Ecuador and as a consultant to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Development (UNDESD), the United States Agency of International Development (USAID), and the Latin American Institute of Social Research (ILDIS). He has authored Redistribution, Inflation, and Adjustment Policies: A Macro Neostructuralist Model for Ecuador (ILDIS, 1992), coauthored Las economías andinas (Nueva Sociedad, 1993) and La desarticulación del mundo andino (Catholic University of Ecuador-Abya Yala, 1987), and published several articles, including “El programa de ajuste macroeconómico y las políticas sociales en el Ecuador: Alternativas de reactivación económica” (Democracia y Desarrollo), “La economía ecuatoriana frente al proceso de integración andina: Análisis del nivel de protección efectiva,” “Integración del Ecuador en el mercado andino: Evaluación del impacto macroeconómico y sectorial” (Cuestiones Económicas, 1994), and “La apertura de la economía ecuatoriana al Grupo Andino: El rol de los bienes de consumo básico” (Políticas Agrícolas, 1994). This document was prepared as part of the Stanford University, USAID, and ILDIS research project “Andean Integration and Economic Liberalization.” The institutional support of FLACSO, UNDP, and UNDESD and the comments made by José Samaniego and the team of Stanford University, USAID, and ILDIS are appreciated, as is the collaboration of María Herrera. The opinions presented are the exclusive responsibility of the author.
    [Show full text]
  • The Andean Group's Program for Industrial Development of the Metalworking Sector: Integration with Due and Deliberate SPID D
    University of Miami Law School Institutional Repository University of Miami Inter-American Law Review 2-1-1975 The Andean Group's Program for Industrial Development of the Metalworking Sector: Integration with Due and Deliberate SPID D. B. Furnish W. F. Atkin Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.law.miami.edu/umialr Part of the International Trade Law Commons Recommended Citation D. B. Furnish and W. F. Atkin, The Andean Group's Program for Industrial Development of the Metalworking Sector: Integration with Due and Deliberate SPID, 7 U. Miami Inter-Am. L. Rev. 29 (1975) Available at: http://repository.law.miami.edu/umialr/vol7/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Miami Inter- American Law Review by an authorized administrator of Institutional Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ANDEAN GROUP'S PROGRAM FOR INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE METALWORKING SECTOR: INTEGRATION WITH DUE AND DELIBERATE SPID* DALE BECK FURNISH** and WILLIAM W. ATKIN** I. INTRODUCTION About four and a half centuries ago, Pizarro took a scruffy band of adventurers into the Peruvian Andes and through a series of unlikely events and circumstances toppled the Inca Empire. Through military strength, ingenuity, a highway system and astute administration of politics and economics, the Incas had accomplished what their Spanish and Creole successors have often desired, but never attained: a stable integrated economic unit extending over the better part of the Andean mountain range and its environs.' Recent events probably have brought the modern day nations that occupy the same area closer to recapturing the Inca unity than ever before.
    [Show full text]
  • Reports N° 158 2 3
    1 REPORTS N° 158 2 3 thirty fifth meeting of the technical committee Brasilia, August 30th to September 1st, 2001 International Labour Office 4 Copyright © International Labour Organization (Cinterfor/ILO) 2001 First edition: Montevideo, 2001 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without au- thorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to the Publications Bureau (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. CINTERFOR. Reunión de la Comisión Técnica, 35, Brasilia, 2001 Informe. Montevideo : 2001 78 p. (Informes, 158) ISBN 92-9088-128-3 /INFORME DE ACTIVIDADES/ /REUNIÓN/ /PUB CINTERFOR/ The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations prac- tice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatso- ever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publications does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and proc- esses does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to men- tion a particular firm, commercial products or process is not a sign of disapproval.
    [Show full text]
  • International Organizations
    INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY (E.S.A.) Headquarters: 8–10 Rue Mario Nikis, 75738 Paris Cedex 15, France phone 011–33–1–5369–7654, fax 011–33–1–5369–7560 Chairman of the Council.—Per Tegne´r. Director General.—Jean-Jacques Dordain. Member Countries: Austria Greece Portugal Belgium Ireland Spain Denmark Italy Sweden Finland Luxembourg Switzerland France Netherlands United Kingdom Germany Norway Czech Republic Cooperative Agreement.—Canada. European Space Operations Center (E.S.O.C.), Robert-Bosch-Str. 5, D–64293 Darmstadt, Germany, phone 011–49–6151–900, fax 011–49–6151–90495. European Space Research and Technology Center (E.S.T.E.C.), Keplerlaan 1, NL–2201, AZ Noordwijk, ZH, The Netherlands, phone 011–31–71–565–6565, Telex: 844–39098, fax 011–31–71–565–6040. European Space Research Institute (E.S.R.I.N.), Via Galileo Galilei, Casella Postale 64, 00044 Frascati, Italy, phone 011–39–6–94–18–01, fax 011–39–6–9418–0280. Washington Office (E.S.A.), 955 L’Enfant Plaza, SW., Suite 7800, 20024. Head of Office.—Dieckmann Andreas (202) 488–4158, fax 488–4930, [email protected]. INTER-AMERICAN DEFENSE BOARD 2600 16th Street, NW., 20441, phone (202) 939–6041, fax 387–2880 Chairman.—Lt. Gen. Jose´ Roberto Machado e Silva, Air Force, Brazil. Vice Chairman.—GB Mario Ferro Rendon, Army, Guatemala. Secretary.—CF Paulo Ce´sar Bittencourt Ferreira, Navy, Brazil. Director General.—GB Ancil W. Antoine, Army, Trinidad and Tobago. Deputy Secretary for— Administration.—COL Pedro Pimentel, Army, Chile. Conference.—Col. Luiz Cla´udio Moreira Novaes, Air Force, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • A Model for Democratic Communication by Fernanda Reyes Matta
    The Right to Inform and be Informed Everyone has the right ... to seek, receive and im- part information and ideas through any media. Universal Declaration of Human Rights Over the last decade, there has been, among the media, the ministries of information and in the United Nations confer- ences, especially those of UNESCO, an increasingly heated and often acrimonious debate on what is now called the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO). The debate is of interest to all of us because what is at stake critically affects and shapes our daily lives and our futures. Participation in the debate should, therefore, be much wider than it is today, indeed open to all concerned, that is to all citizens. This issue of DEVELOPMENTDIALOGUE has been con- ceived as a contribution to this task. The Dag Hammarskjold Foundation, alone or with a number of sister institutions, has been active in the field of communica- tions for almost ten years. The time has now come to take stock, to map out what needs to be done and to state or restate a number of principles and values which are necessary to give content to the right 'to seek, receive and impart information' as it is laid down in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Maldevelopment pervades societies, North and South, East and West alike. Another Development is required everywhere and by all. It is people-centred, geared to the satisfaction of human needs-both material and, in the broadest sense, political; it is self-reliant, endogenous, ecologically sound, and based on democratic, political, social and economic structural transfor- mations which alone will make possible the attainment of the other goals.
    [Show full text]
  • Latin America: Newsletters in English
    BiblioNoticias No. 68, Revised July, 1993 Editor: Ann Hartness LATIN AMERICA: NEWSLETTERS IN ENGLISH Compiled by Oscar E. Delepiani Newsletters are good sources for up-to-date information about Latin America. Some provide general coverage of Latin American issues, focusing on current events, politics and economics. Others report on specialized topics and are often published by representative organizations. The titles included in this guide are only a selection of the English language newsletters found in the Benson Latin American Collection; others may be located through the Online Catalog (UTCAT) by using subject headings such as Latin America—Politics and government—Periodicals and Latin America—Economic Conditions—Periodicals. The most recent issues of newsletters which are starred(*) are located in the Periodicals Reading Area, shelved alphabetically under their titles, while older issues are in the Benson Collection stacks under their classification numbers. Unstarred newsletters are located in the stacks. GENERAL NEWSLETTERS The Andean Report.* Lima, Peru: Andean Air Mail & Peruvian Times. Vol. 1 (July 1975)-. "Peru's business weekly." Reports on the countries in the Andean region Continues: Andean Air Mail & Peruvian Times, The West Coast Leader and Peru Today. HC/167/A5233/LAC Caribbean Dateline. Washington, DC: Caribbean Dateline. Vol. 1 (May 1980)-. Quarterly. 8 p. "Events, trends, opportunities for investors in the Caribbean and Central America." Includes Caribbean & Central American Letter. HC/151/C372/LAC Caribbean Insight.* London: West India Committee and Caribbean Publishing Co. Began in 1977?-. Monthly. 12 p. News capsules on most Caribbean countries in each issue. Incorporates: The Caribbean and West Indies Chronicle. F/1601/C274/LAC Central America Newspak.
    [Show full text]
  • V in the Last Decade, the Andean Community Countries -- Bolivia
    PREFACE In the last decade, the Andean Community countries -- Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú and Venezuela-- have undertaken significant steps toward trade liberalization and regional integration. Despite differences in size, economic structure and political arrangements, all face similar decisions regarding their development prospects, economic policies and choices. Each country must determine the appropriate path towards economic advancement and choose the best strategy through which to conduct its trade relations in the Western Hemisphere. All are linked by two current economic integration projects: the regional Andean Community and the hemisphere-wide Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). A new approach to regional arrangements in the Americas is one of the driving forces behind this volume. The Andean countries are involved in an increasingly dynamic and modern regional arrangement that will play a major role in the process of hemispheric integration. At the same time, it is difficult to overstate the importance of the United States – as a trading partner for the Andean countries and as a key player in the FTAA process. For these reasons, the coordinators and sponsors of this book, the Organization of American States (OAS), the Andean Development Corporation (CAF) and the Inter American Dialogue(IAD), decided to focus their efforts on analyzing the trade and investment relations between the Andean Community and the United States and create a better understanding of the political and economic forces underpinning the U.S.-Andean trade and investment relationship. The studies commissioned for this volume assess current trends and perspectives of U.S.-Andean economic relations. Complementing the studies, we organized a far-reaching discussion at a two-day seminar at the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C., in September 1997.
    [Show full text]
  • Andean Group Overhauls Integration Structures LADB Staff
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository NotiSur Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 4-4-1996 Andean Group Overhauls Integration Structures LADB Staff Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/notisur Recommended Citation LADB Staff. "Andean Group Overhauls Integration Structures." (1996). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/notisur/12170 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NotiSur by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 55723 ISSN: 1060-4189 Andean Group Overhauls Integration Structures by LADB Staff Category/Department: Region Published: 1996-04-04 At their latest presidential summit held March 9-10, the heads of state of the five Andean Pact countries Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela approved a far- reaching overhaul of the institutional structures that, since 1969, have governed economic integration among the Andean nations. The Andean Group (Grupo Andino, GA) will now be converted into the Andean Community (Comunidad Andina, CA), and the executive branch of each member country will be given much greater influence over regional decisions regarding economic and political integration. The overhaul will likely allow regional decision-making to become much more agile and efficient, and it paves the way for the eventual formation of a common market among the Andean nations. Nevertheless, major obstacles remain in the effort to push the free trade zone forward, especially Peru's status since 1992 as a "conditional" member of the CA, which has allowed that country to sidestep implementation of the common external tariff and customs union that the other four nations have already adopted.
    [Show full text]
  • The Andean Common Market: an Experimentin Regional Cooperation
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 125 443 HE 008 C11 AUTHOR Carlscn, Reynold E. TITLE The Andean Common Market: An Experimentin Regional Cooperation. INSTITUTION Institute of International Education, New York, N.Y. REPORT NO 11E-2 PUB DATE 75 NCTE 15p. EDRS PRICE mF-$0.83 HC-$1.67 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Business; Developing Nations; *Economic Development; *Educational Development; Foreign Countries; *High Education; Industry; *International Organizations; Program Descriptions; *Regional Cooperation; Regional Programs IDENTIFIERS *Andean Countries; Grupo Andino; Latin American Free Trade Association ABSTRACT The Grupo Andino (GRAN) was formed in 1969 as an effort at economic integration by six LatinAmerican countries (Bolivia, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru,'and Venezuela). It'was an outgrowth of its predecessor, the Latin American FreeTrade Association (LAFIA), which had been formed in 1960 witheleven member countries. The Andean Group (GRAN) from the beginningaddressed itself to the key factors that had weakened the LAPTA group.Thus (1) it put great stress on strong political support fromeach of its countries,(2) the sectorial program of industrialdevelopment was specifically aimed to increase 'the industrial capacity of thesix member), countries while, at the same time,(3) a scheme of automatic tariff reductions with relatively. few exceptions wasadopted, thereby avoiding the paralyzing effect of bilateral countrynegotiations on hundreds or thousands of individual items. Itsambitious blueprint includes the development of regional programs in suchbasic sectors as metalworking, automotive, paperand pulp, fertilizers, and steel. The-Andres Bello program is the educational arm of GRAN. Itsprojects have been a regional network of educationaltelevision-Programs transmitted by satellite and the establishment of aregional school for training in public sector administration.
    [Show full text]
  • Andean Community
    ANDEAN COMMUNITY The regional integration in the Andean countries began with the signature of the Cartagena Agreement in 1969 which led to the formation of the Andean Group with the objective of creating a customs union and a common market. In 1996, the Protocol of Trujillo enabled institutional reform led to the creation of the Andean Community. This created the Andean Council of Presidents and the Advisory Council of Foreign Ministers, together with the conversion of the Board of the Cartagena Agreement into a General Secretariat based in Lima, Per. In 2001 the Andean Passport was created, enabling citizens of member states to travel between the countries without request for visa. In 2005 the integration of Latin American and Caribbean regions gained priority in the agenda of Andean Community. The Andean Community is a trade block of four countries, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay are associated while Panama and Mexico are Observers. The Headquarters of CAN located in Lima, Peru. Andean community deals with the following issues: Trade in Goods ; Trade in Services ; Customs Union ; movement of people ; Common Market ; Common Foreign Policy ; Border Development ; Social Agenda ; Sustainable Development ; and Economic Policies. Important Institutional bodies within the Andean community: Besides the Andean Council of Presidents and the Council of Foreign Ministers consisting of the Presidents and Foreign Ministers of the Member Countries respectively, the CAN has the following institutions: (i) Andean Secretariat - This is the executive body, with a full time Secretary General whose Secretariat is in Lima, Peru. Adalid Contreras Baspineiro of Bolivia is the present Secretary General.
    [Show full text]