DOCSLIB.ORG

MICROFILMED 1989 INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo­ Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfilm Master

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MICROFILMED 1989 INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo­ Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfilm Master UMI MICROFILMED 1989 INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. These are also available as one exposure on a standard 35mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Com pany 300 North Z eeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 I Order Number 8013706 Comparative analysis of sporodcrm ultrastructure in fossil and extant lycopods Taylor, Wilson Anthony, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1989 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SPORODERM ULTRASTRUCTURE IN FOSSIL AND EXTANT LYCOPODS DISSERTATION Presented in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Wilson Anthony Taylor, B.S., M.S. The Ohio State University 1989 Dissertation committee: Approved by T.N. Taylor V. Raghavan D.J. Crawford Adviser I F.D. Sack Departmentleeartment of BotanyRotanv* To Dad from Boo ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the members of my reading committee, Drs. Daniel Crawford, Valayamghat Raghavan, and Fred Sack, for their time and effort. I am also grateful to the staff at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, for their support during specimen collection and transport. I am especially indebted to Dr. Thomas N. Taylor for his financial support and scholarly guidance throughout all phases of this investigation. And finally, I recognize the loving suport of my wife, Robin, without whom none of this would have been possible. iii VITA June 3, 1960 ........ Born - Indiana, Pennsylvania 1982 ................ B.S., Geoscience Department, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania 1984 . ............ M.S., Department of Botany, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Field of Study: Botany PUBLICATIONS 1986a Ultrastructure of Sphenophyllalean spores. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 47y 105-128. 1986b Spore wall ultrastructure of Protosalyinia. American Journal of Botany 74? 437-443 (with T.N Taylor). 1987 Subunit construction of the spore wall in fossil and living lycopods. Pollen et Spores 29? 241-248. (with T.N. Taylor) 1988 Ultrastructural analysis of selected Cretaceous megaspores from Argentina. Journal of Micropalaeontology 7? 73-87. (with T.N. Taylor) 1989a Comparative ultrastructural analysis of fossil and living gymnoBperm cuticles. Review of Paoaeobotany and Palynology (with T.N. Taylor) 1989b Comparative ultrastructural analysis of microspores from fossil and living Selaginella. (with T.N. Taylor) 1989c Ultrastructural and developmental analysis of Carboniferous lycopod megaspore walls. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 1984a Ultrastructure of sphenopsid spores. Ohio Journal of Science 84; 7. 1984b Spore wall ultrastructure in the Sphenophyllales. 2nd International Organization of Paleobotany Conference, Edmonton, Alberta. Abstracts of Contributed Papers, Poster Sessions. 1984c An ultrastructural investigation of sphenophyllalean spores. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists, Arlington, Virginia. AASP, Inc. Program and Abstracts; 21. 1985a Spore ultrastructure of the enigmatic alga Protosalyinia. Ohio Journal of Science 85; 18. (with T.N. Taylor) 1985b Spore and thallus ultrastructure of the enigmatic alga Protosalvinia. American Journal of Botany 72; 902. 1985c An ultrastructural comparison of Cretaceous and extant ginkgoalean cuticles. Botanical Society of America, Gainesville, Florida. 1986a Spore wall architecture of a megaspore from the Cretaceous of Argentina. Mid-continent Paleobotanical Colloquium IV, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 1986b Ultrastructural stasis within the Selaginellales. American Journal of Botany 73; 712. 1987 Evolutionary and developmental significance of megaspore wall ultrastructure. American Journal of Botany 74; 692. (Cookson Award) 1988 Developmental and structural aspects of lycopod megaspore wall ultrastructure. American Journal of Botany 75(6) Part 2; 50-51. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................... ili VITA ............................................... iv LIST OF T A B L E S .................................. ix LIST OF P L A T E S ..................................... X CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .............. 1 Literature survey ................................. 4 CHAPTER II MATERIALS AND METHODS .......... 16 M a t e r i a l s ......................................... 16 M e t h o d s ........................................... 17 Terminology ....................................... 22 CHAPTER III WALL DEVELOPMENT IN FOSSIL SYSTEMS . 24 Introduction.......... 24 R e s u l t s ........................................... 28 Mazocarpon - functional megaspores ........ 29 Mazocarpon aborted megaspores .............. 30 Lepidocarpon functional megaspores .......... 36 Lepidocarpon aborted megaspores ............ 36 Lagenoisporites ............................ 40 Valvisisporites ............................ 44 Discussion......................................... 46 Mazocarpon............................ 46 Valvisisporites ............................ 48 Lepidocarpon.......... 49 Lagenoisporites ............................ 51 Morphogenetic changes through wall development 52 Correlation of ultrastructure with dispersive s t r a t e g y .............................. 53 CHAPTER IV WALL ULTRASTRUCTURE IN SELAGINELLA . 56 Introduction ....................................... 56 Terms and concepts................................. 59 vi Species descriptions ............................... 65 Selaginella flabellata type ............ 65 Selaginella flabellata ....... 65 Selaginella u s t a .................. 66 Selaginella viridangula .......... 66 Selaginella inaequalifolia type ........ 72 Selaginella inaequalifolia ........ 72 Selaginella pallescens ............ 73 Selaginella pulcherrima .......... 74 Selaginella argentea type ............ 82 Selaginella argentea .............. 82 Selaginella ornata type ................ 83 Selaginella ornata ................ 83 Selaginella erythropus type ............ 87 Selaginella erythropus ............ 87 Selaginella pilifera .............. 88 Selaginella brevipes type .............. 92 Selaginella brevipes .............. 92 Selaginella elmeri ................ 93 Selaginella plana ................ 93 Selaginella fissidentoides type ........ 97 Selaginella fissidentoides ........ 97 Selaginella yemensis ................ 100 Selaginella intermedia type .............. 101 Selaginella intermedia .............. 101 Selaginella frondosa type ................ 104 Selaginella frondosa ................ 104 Selaginella lyallii type ................ 108 Selaginella lyallii ......... 108 Selaginella willdenovii ........... 109 D i s c u s s i o n ......................................... 115 Observations on basic megaspore types .... 117 Internal wall l a y e r s........................... 119 Surface layers ................................ 120 CHAPTER V WALL DEVELOPMENT IN SELAGINELLA .... 123 Introduction ...................................... 123 Description......................................... 128 Selaginella sulcata .......................... 128 Selaginella galeottii .... 136 D i s c u s s i o n .................................. 157 S. sulcata - wall d e v e l o p m e n t ................. 157 Structural basis for expansion ................ 158 Structural basis for unit enlargement .... 159 S. galeottii - wall d e v e l o p m e n t ...............160 Published descriptions of mature megaspores of S, galeottii ........ ........... 164 The role of the t a p e t u m ....................... 166 The m e s o s p o r e ................................. 168 Control of sporoderm patterning - sporophytic or gametophytic ............................ 170 vii Concordance with proposed models of sporoderm morphogenesis ........................... 170 Correlations with the ordered wall construction t y p e ..................................... 173 Implications on the nature of sporopollenin . 174 CONCLUSIONS ......................................... 176 APPENDIX A - GLOSSARY OF T E R M S ....................... 182 APPENDIX B - LIST OF SPECIMENS......................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Morphological Features of the Anther Development in Tomato Plants with Non-Specific Male Sterility
    biology Article Morphological Features of the Anther Development in Tomato Plants with Non-Specific Male Sterility Inna A. Chaban 1, Neonila V. Kononenko 1 , Alexander A. Gulevich 1, Liliya R. Bogoutdinova 1, Marat R. Khaliluev 1,2,* and Ekaterina N. Baranova 1,* 1 All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] (I.A.C.); [email protected] (N.V.K.); [email protected] (A.A.G.); [email protected] (L.R.B.) 2 Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Agronomy and Biotechnology Faculty, Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.R.K.); [email protected] (E.N.B.) Received: 3 January 2020; Accepted: 12 February 2020; Published: 17 February 2020 Abstract: The study was devoted to morphological and cytoembryological analysis of disorders in the anther and pollen development of transgenic tomato plants with a normal and abnormal phenotype, which is characterized by the impaired development of generative organs. Various abnormalities in the structural organization of anthers and microspores were revealed. Such abnormalities in microspores lead to the blocking of asymmetric cell division and, accordingly, the male gametophyte formation. Some of the non-degenerated microspores accumulate a large number of storage inclusions, forming sterile mononuclear pseudo-pollen, which is similar in size and appearance to fertile pollen grain (looks like pollen grain). It was discussed that the growth of tapetal cells in abnormal anthers by increasing the size and ploidy level of nuclei contributes to this process. It has been shown that in transgenic plants with a normal phenotype, individual disturbances are also observed in the development of both male and female gametophytes.
    [Show full text]
  • Anther Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi Lesson
    Anther Lesson: Anther Author Name: Dr. Bharti Chaudhry and Dr. Anjana Rustagi College/ Department: Ramjas College, Gargi College, University of Delhi Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi Anther Table of contents Chapter: Anther • Introduction • Structure • Development of Anther and Pollen • Anther wall o Epidermis o Endothecium o Middle layers o Tapetum o Amoeboid Tapetum o Secretory Tapetum o Orbicules o Functions of Orbicules o Tapetal Membrane o Functions of Tapetum • Summary • Practice Questions • Glossary • Suggested Reading Introduction Stamens are the male reproductive organs of flowering plants. They consist of an anther, the site of pollen development and dispersal. The anther is borne on a stalk- like filament that transmits water and nutrients to the anther and also positions it to aid pollen dispersal. The anther dehisces at maturity in most of the angiosperms by a longitudinal slit, the stomium to release the pollen grains. The pollen grains represent the highly reduced male gametophytes of flowering plants that are formed within the sporophytic tissues of the anther. These microgametophytes or 1 Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi Anther pollen grains are the carriers of male gametes or sperm cells that play a central role in plant reproduction during the process of double fertilization. Figure 1. Diagram to show parts of a flower of an angiosperm Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Mature_flower_diagra m.svg/2000px-Mature_flower_diagram.svg.png Figure 2 2 Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi Anther a. Hibiscus flower; b. Hibiscus stamens showing monothecous anthers; c. Lilium flower showing dithecous anthers Source: a.
    [Show full text]
  • The SPOROCYTELESS Gene of Arabidopsis Is Required for Initiation of Sporogenesis and Encodes a Novel Nuclear Protein
    Downloaded from genesdev.cshlp.org on October 6, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press The SPOROCYTELESS gene of Arabidopsis is required for initiation of sporogenesis and encodes a novel nuclear protein Wei-Cai Yang,1 De Ye,1 Jian Xu, and Venkatesan Sundaresan2 The Institute of Molecular Agrobiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604 The formation of haploid spores marks the initiation of the gametophytic phase of the life cycle of all vascular plants ranging from ferns to angiosperms. In angiosperms, this process is initiated by the differentiation of a subset of floral cells into sporocytes, which then undergo meiotic divisions to form microspores and megaspores. Currently, there is little information available regarding the genes and proteins that regulate this key step in plant reproduction. We report here the identification of a mutation, SPOROCYTELESS (SPL), which blocks sporocyte formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Analysis of the SPL mutation suggests that development of the anther walls and the tapetum and microsporocyte formation are tightly coupled, and that nucellar development may be dependent on megasporocyte formation. Molecular cloning of the SPL gene showed that it encodes a novel nuclear protein related to MADS box transcription factors and that it is expressed during microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis. These data suggest that the SPL gene product is a transcriptional regulator of sporocyte development in Arabidopsis. [Key Words: Arabidopsis mutant; sporogenesis; sporocyte; SPL; nuclear protein] Received May 12, 1999; revised version accepted July 1, 1999. The life cycle of plants consists of an alternation be- 1994), although several sporophytic mutants that affect tween a diploid, sporophytic generation and a haploid, sporogenesis have been reported (Robinson-Beers et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Morphology of Sargentodoxa Cuneata (Lardizabalaceae) and Its Systematic Implications
    Reproductive morphology of Sargentodoxa cuneata (Lardizabalaceae) and its systematic implications. By: Hua-Feng Wang, Bruce K. Kirchoff and Zhi-Xin Zhu Wang, H.-F., Kirchoff, B. K., Qin, H.-N., Zhu, Z.-X. 2009. Reproductive morphology of Sargentodoxa cuneata (Lardizabalaceae) and its systematic implications. Plant Systematics and Evolution 280: 207–217. Made available courtesy of Springer-Verlag. The original publication is available at http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00606-009-0179-3. ***Reprinted with permission. No further reproduction is authorized without written permission from Springer-Verlag. This version of the document is not the version of record. Figures and/or pictures may be missing from this format of the document. *** Abstract: The reproductive morphology of Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv) Rehd. et Wils. is investigated through field, herbarium, and laboratory observations. Sargentodoxa may be either dioecious or monoecious. The functionally unisexual flowers are morphologically bisexual, at least developmentally. The anther is tetrasporangiate, and its wall, of which the development follows the basic type, is composed of an epidermis, endothecium, two middle layers, and a tapetum. The tapetum is of the glandular type. Microspore cytokinesis is simultaneous, and the microspore tetrads are tetrahedral. Pollen grains are two-celled when shed. The mature ovule is crassinucellate and bitegmic, and the micropyle is formed only by the inner integument. Megasporocytes undergo meiosis resulting in the formation of four megaspores in a linear tetrad. The functional megaspore develops into an eight-nucleate embryo sac after three rounds of mitosis. The mature embryo sac consists of an egg apparatus (an egg and two synergids), a central cell, and three antipodal cells.
    [Show full text]
  • A Putative Bhlh Transcription Factor Is a Candidate Gene for Male Sterile 32
    Liu et al. Horticulture Research (2019) 6:88 Horticulture Research https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-019-0170-2 www.nature.com/hortres ARTICLE Open Access A putative bHLH transcription factor is a candidategeneformale sterile 32,alocus affecting pollen and tapetum development in tomato Xiaoyan Liu1,2,MengxiaYang2, Xiaolin Liu2,KaiWei2,XueCao2, Xiaotian Wang2,XiaoxuanWang2,YanmeiGuo2, Yongchen Du2,JunmingLi2,LeiLiu2,JinshuaiShu2,YongQin1 and Zejun Huang 2 Abstract The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) male sterile 32 (ms32) mutant has been used in hybrid seed breeding programs largely because it produces no pollen and has exserted stigmas. In this study, histological examination of anthers revealed dysfunctional pollen and tapetum development in the ms32 mutant. The ms32 locus was fine mapped to a 28.5 kb interval that encoded four putative genes. Solyc01g081100, a homolog of Arabidopsis bHLH10/89/90 and rice EAT1, was proposed to be the candidate gene of MS32 because it contained a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that led to the formation of a premature stop codon. A codominant derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) marker, MS32D, was developed based on the SNP. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR showed that most of the genes, which were proposed to be involved in pollen and tapetum development in tomato, were downregulated in the ms32 mutant. These findings may aid in marker-assisted selection of ms32 in hybrid breeding 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; programs and facilitate studies on the regulatory mechanisms of pollen and tapetum development in tomato. Introduction can produce normal pollen, but the pollen cannot reach Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most the stigma because of indehiscent anthers or dehiscent important vegetable crops in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • PG and Research Deparment of Botany Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Paleobotany
    PG and Research Deparment of Botany Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Paleobotany Part-A 1. The vascular tissue is confined to the central region of the stem forming: (a) Bundles (b) stele (c) Cortex (d) Pericycle 2. The leaves which bear the sporangia are called: (a) sporophylIs (b) Bract (c) Cone (d) Strobilus 3. One or two peripheral layers persist for the nourishment of the developing spores. These nourishing cells form: (a) Elators (b) Sopores (c) Jacket (d) tapetum. 4. Match gametophyte with one of the followings: (a) Prothallus (b) Thallus (c) Cone (d) Strobilus 5. Selaginella belongs to division (a) Lycopsida (b) Pteropsida (c) Psilopsida (d) Sphenopsida 6. Hone tails are: (a) Lycopsida (b) Pteropsida (c ) Psilopsida (d) Sphenopsida 7. Marsilea belongs: (a) Lycopsida (b) Pteropsida (c) Psilopsida (d) Sphenopsida 8. Which of the followings is fern? (a) Psilopsida (b) Pteropsida (c) Lycopsida (d) Sphenopsida 9. Which of the followings is most primitive division? (a) Lycopsida (b) Pteropsida (c) Psilopsida (d) Sphenopsida 10. Club mosses are: (a) Lycopsida (b) Pteropsida (c) Psilopsida (d) Sphenopsida 11. The protostele in which xylem core is Smooth and rounded is: (a) Haplostele (b) Actinostlele (c) Plectostele (d) Siphonostele 12. The protostele in which xylem core is star like is called: (a) Haplostele (b) Actinostlele (c) Plectostele (d) Siphonostele 13. The siphonostele in–which two cylinders of vascular tissue are present in the stele is: (a) Haplostele (b) Actinostlele (c) Plectostele (d) Polycyclic 14. In Xylem in which protoxylem is lying in the middle of Metaxylem is: (a) Exarch (b) Mesarch (c) Endarch (d) Diarch 15.
    [Show full text]
  • The Marattiales and Vegetative Features of the Polypodiids We Now
    VI. Ferns I: The Marattiales and Vegetative Features of the Polypodiids We now take up the ferns, order Marattiales - a group of large tropical ferns with primitive features - and subclass Polypodiidae, the leptosporangiate ferns. (See the PPG phylogeny on page 48a: Susan, Dave, and Michael, are authors.) Members of these two groups are spore-dispersed vascular plants with siphonosteles and megaphylls. A. Marattiales, an Order of Eusporangiate Ferns The Marattiales have a well-documented history. They first appear as tree ferns in the coal swamps right in there with Lepidodendron and Calamites. (They will feature in your second critical reading and writing assignment in this capacity!) The living species are prominent in some hot forests, both in tropical America and tropical Asia. They are very like the leptosporangiate ferns (Polypodiids), but they differ in having the common, primitive, thick-walled sporangium, the eusporangium, and in having a distinctive stele and root structure. 1. Living Plants Go with your TA to the greenhouse to view the potted Angiopteris. The largest of the Marattiales, mature Angiopteris plants bear fronds up to 30 feet in length! a.These plants, like all ferns, have megaphylls. These megaphylls are divided into leaflets called pinnae, which are often divided even further. The feather-like design of these leaves is common among the ferns, suggesting that ferns have some sort of narrow definition to the kinds of leaf design they can evolve. b. The leaflets are borne on stem-like axes called rachises, which, as you can see, have swollen bases on some of the plants in the lab.
    [Show full text]
  • Transcriptome Profile Analysis Reveals the Regulation Mechanism
    Article Transcriptome Profile Analysis Reveals the Regulation Mechanism of Stamen Abortion in Handeliodendron bodinieri Xiatong Liu 1,2,†, Tianfeng Liu 3,†, Chong Zhang 2, Xiaorui Guo 2, Song Guo 3, Hai Lu 1,2 , Hui Li 1,2,* and Zailiu Li 3,* 1 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] (X.L.); [email protected] (H.L.) 2 College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] (C.Z.); [email protected] (X.G.) 3 Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; ltfltfl[email protected] (T.L.); [email protected] (S.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (Z.L.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Handeliodendron bodinieri has unisexual flowers with aborted stamens in female trees, which can be used to study unisexual flower development in tree species. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of stamen abortion underlying sex differentiation, the stage of stamen abortion was determined by semi-thin sections; results showed that stamen abortion occurred in stage 6 during anther development. In addition, differentially expressed transcripts regulating stamen abortion were identified by comparing the transcriptome of female flowers and male flowers with RNA-seq technique. The results showed that 14 genes related to anther development and meiosis such as HbGPAT, HbAMS, HbLAP5, HbLAP3, and HbTES were down-regulated, and HbML5 was up- regulated. Therefore, this information will provide a theoretical foundation for the conservation, Citation: Liu, X.; Liu, T.; Zhang, C.; breeding, scientific research, and application of Handeliodendron bodinieri.
    [Show full text]
  • EAT1 Promotes Tapetal Cell Death by Regulating Aspartic Proteases During Male Reproductive Development in Rice
    ARTICLE Received 16 Jul 2012 | Accepted 18 Dec 2012 | Published 5 Feb 2013 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2396 EAT1 promotes tapetal cell death by regulating aspartic proteases during male reproductive development in rice Ningning Niu1,*, Wanqi Liang1,*, Xijia Yang1, Weilin Jin1, Zoe A. Wilson2, Jianping Hu3 & Dabing Zhang1 Programmed cell death is essential for the development of multicellular organisms, yet pathways of plant programmed cell death and its regulation remain elusive. Here we report that ETERNAL TAPETUM 1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor conserved in land plants, positively regulates programmed cell death in tapetal cells in rice anthers. eat1 exhibits delayed tapetal cell death and aborted pollen formation. ETERNAL TAPETUM 1 directly regulates the expression of OsAP25 and OsAP37, which encode aspartic proteases that induce programmed cell death in both yeast and plants. Expression and genetic analyses revealed that ETERNAL TAPETUM 1 acts downstream of TAPETUM DEGENERATION RETARDATION, another positive regulator of tapetal programmed cell death, and that ETERNAL TAPETUM 1 can also interact with the TAPETUM DEGENERATION RETARDATION protein. This study demonstrates that ETERNAL TAPETUM 1 promotes aspartic proteases triggering plant pro- grammed cell death, and reveals a dynamic regulatory cascade in male reproductive devel- opment in rice. 1 State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. 2 Division of Plant Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leics, UK. 3 Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA. *These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to D.Z.
    [Show full text]
  • Bryophyte Biology Second Edition
    This page intentionally left blank Bryophyte Biology Second Edition Bryophyte Biology provides a comprehensive yet succinct overview of the hornworts, liverworts, and mosses: diverse groups of land plants that occupy a great variety of habitats throughout the world. This new edition covers essential aspects of bryophyte biology, from morphology, physiological ecology and conservation, to speciation and genomics. Revised classifications incorporate contributions from recent phylogenetic studies. Six new chapters complement fully updated chapters from the original book to provide a completely up-to-date resource. New chapters focus on the contributions of Physcomitrella to plant genomic research, population ecology of bryophytes, mechanisms of drought tolerance, a phylogenomic perspective on land plant evolution, and problems and progress of bryophyte speciation and conservation. Written by leaders in the field, this book offers an authoritative treatment of bryophyte biology, with rich citation of the current literature, suitable for advanced students and researchers. BERNARD GOFFINET is an Associate Professor in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Connecticut and has contributed to nearly 80 publications. His current research spans from chloroplast genome evolution in liverworts and the phylogeny of mosses, to the systematics of lichen-forming fungi. A. JONATHAN SHAW is a Professor at the Biology Department at Duke University, an Associate Editor for several scientific journals, and Chairman for the Board of Directors, Highlands Biological Station. He has published over 130 scientific papers and book chapters. His research interests include the systematics and phylogenetics of mosses and liverworts and population genetics of peat mosses. Bryophyte Biology Second Edition BERNARD GOFFINET University of Connecticut, USA AND A.
    [Show full text]
  • Bryophytes Sl. : Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts. Illustrated Glossary
    A Lino et à Enzo 3 Bryophytes sl. Mosses, liverworts and hornworts Illustrated glossary (traduction française de chaque terme) Leica Chavoutier 2017 CHAVOUTIER, L., 2017 – Bryophytes sl. : Mosses, liverworts and hornworts. Illustrated glossary. Unpublished. 132 p.. Introduction In September 2016 the following book was deposed in free download CHAVOUTIER, L., 2016 – Bryophytes sl. : Mousses, hépatiques et antho- cérotes/Mosses, liverworts and hornworts. Glossaire illustré/Illustrated glossary. Inédit. 179 p. This new book is an English version of the previous one after being re- viewed and expanded. This glossary covers the mosses, liverworts and hornworts, three phyla that are related by some parts of their structures and especially by their life cycles. They are currently grouped to form bryophytes s.l. This glossary can only be partial: it was impossible to include in the defi- nitions all possible cases. The most common use has been privileged. Each term is associated with a theme to use, and it is in this context that the definition is given. The themes are: morphology, anatomy, support, habit, chorology, nomenclature, taxonomy, systematics, life strategies, abbreviations, ecosystems. Photographs : All photographs have been made by the author. Recommended reference CHAVOUTIER, L., 2017 – Bryophytes sl. : Mosses, liverworts and horn- worts. Illustrated glossary. Unpublished. 132 p. Any use of photos must show the name of the author: Leica Chavoutier Your comments, suggestions, remarks, criticisms, are to be adressed to : [email protected] Acknowledgements I am very grateful to Janice Glime for its invaluable contribution. This English version benefited from its review, its comments, its suggestions, and therefore improvements. I would also like to thank Jonathan Shaw.
    [Show full text]
  • A Morphological Study of Flower and Seed
    A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF FLOWER AND SEED DEVELOPMENT IN CABBAGE i By Ross C, THOMPSON Associate horticulturist, Division of Fruit and Vegetable Crops and Diseases^ Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture INTRODUCTION The solution of many of the problems associated with cabbage- seed growing and commercial cabbage production lies in the field of plant breeding. Few of the vegetable crop plants are so variable as the cabbage family—the Cruciferae. Most of the common varieties of cabbage (Brassica olerácea capitata L.) are lacking in uniformity. There is an urgent demand on the part of both seedsmen and com- mercial cabbage growers for a standardization of varieties, so that a variety will represent a definite type, rather than a mixture of various types as is now so often the case. It has been demonstrated that at least some of the cabbage diseases can be controlled by the use of strains selected for their resistance to these diseases. Most of the common cabbage varieties can no doubt be greatly improved by scientific methods of breeding and selection. Any attempt to solve these problems through breeding methods requires a knowledge of the morphology of the cabbage flower. The method of pollination, the time required for fertilization, and a gen- eral knowledge of the flower structure and its development are important in a breeding program. It was for the purpose of answer- ing some of the questions relating to the cabbage flower and its development that this study was undertaken. MATERIAL AND METHODS The first material was collected during the winter of 1929 and the spring of 1930.
    [Show full text]