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Aboriginal Participation in the 2010 Olympic Games Planning Process

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Aboriginal Participation in the 2010 Olympic Games Planning Process RIGHTS, RITUALS, AND REPERCUSSIONS: ABORIGINAL PARTICIPATION IN THE 2010 OLYMPIC GAMES PLANNING PROCESS by Priya Vadi BSc (Honours), University of the West of England, 2006 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS In the Department of Geography © Priya Vadi 2010 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2010 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for Fair Dealing. Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. APPROVAL Name: Priya Vadi Degree: Master of Arts Title of Thesis: Rights, Rituals, and Repercussions: Aboriginal Participation in the 2010 Olympic Games Planning Process Examining Committee: Chair: ________________________________________ Dr. Paul Kingsbury Assistant Professor, Department of Geography ________________________________________ Dr. Meg Holden Senior Supervisor Associate Professor, Urban Studies Program and Department of Geography ________________________________________ Dr. Geoff Mann Supervisor Associate Professor, Department of Geography ________________________________________ Dr. Peter Williams External Examiner Professor, School of Resource and Environmental Management Date Defended/Approved: October 5 2010 ii Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection (currently available to the public at the “Institutional Repository” link of the SFU Library website <www.lib.sfu.ca> at: <http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/112>) and, without changing the content, to translate the thesis/project or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work. The author has further agreed that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by either the author or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without the author’s written permission. Permission for public performance, or limited permission for private scholarly use, of any multimedia materials forming part of this work, may have been granted by the author. This information may be found on the separately catalogued multimedia material and in the signed Partial Copyright Licence. While licensing SFU to permit the above uses, the author retains copyright in the thesis, project or extended essays, including the right to change the work for subsequent purposes, including editing and publishing the work in whole or in part, and licensing other parties, as the author may desire. The original Partial Copyright Licence attesting to these terms, and signed by this author, may be found in the original bound copy of this work, retained in the Simon Fraser University Archive. Simon Fraser University Library Burnaby, BC, Canada Last revision: Spring 09 STATEMENT OF ETHICS APPROVAL The author, whose name appears on the title page of this work, has obtained, for the research described in this work, either: (a) Human research ethics approval from the Simon Fraser University Office of Research Ethics, or (b) Advance approval of the animal care protocol from the University Animal Care Committee of Simon Fraser University; or has conducted the research (c) as a co-investigator, collaborator or research assistant in a research project approved in advance, or (d) as a member of a course approved in advance for minimal risk human research, by the Office of Research Ethics. A copy of the approval letter has been filed at the Theses Office of the University Library at the time of submission of this thesis or project. The original application for approval and letter of approval are filed with the relevant offices. Inquiries may be directed to those authorities. Simon Fraser University Library Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada Last update: Spring 2010 ABSTRACT The Vancouver Olympic Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (VANOC) committed to making Aboriginal participation a fundamental part of its broader sustainability objectives through five key areas: partnership and collaboration; sport and youth; economic development; cultural involvement; and awareness and education. An examination of primary qualitative research against existing participation frameworks indicates that levels of involvement of Vancouver’s Aboriginal population in the 2010 Olympic Games varied. The study also considers the tensions between the commodification and appropriation of Aboriginal culture on one hand, and aiming for higher levels of Aboriginal peoples’ inclusion on the other. VANOC made a significant effort to improve Aboriginal participation in the Olympics planning process, giving Aboriginal people a legitimate and concrete stake in the Olympic Games. However, conflicting views show that participation in capitalist terms led to a cultural spectacle, failing to address key political concerns of local Aboriginal people. Keywords: Aboriginal; Olympic Games; Vancouver 2010; Public participation; Spectacle iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Vancouver Olympic Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (VANOC) wanted to be the first Olympic organizing committee to make Aboriginal participation a fundamental part of its broader sustainability objectives. Though Aboriginal participation in the Olympic Games is not a novel concept, methods of participation in former processes have been considered superficial in the sense that Aboriginal people were primarily involved in cultural events. VANOC wanted to change this, and committed to extend Aboriginal involvement to other aspects of the Games, including political participation, sport, economic development, and education. This study highlights and examines the importance of public participation in mega-event planning. An examination of primary qualitative research against existing participation frameworks indicates that levels of involvement of Vancouver’s Aboriginal population in the 2010 Olympic Games varied amongst the Aboriginal population as a whole. The study also considers the tensions between the commodification and appropriation of Aboriginal culture on one hand, and aiming for higher levels of Aboriginal peoples’ inclusion on the other. Drawing on Guy Debord’s (1968) theory of the spectacle, the study examines the implications of the initiatives employed by VANOC and its affiliated stakeholders iv for larger issues, asking how such initiatives interact with ongoing processes of reconciliation, postcolonialism, and land claims negotiations. VANOC made a significant effort to improve Aboriginal participation in the Olympics planning process, giving Aboriginal people a legitimate and concrete stake in the Olympic Games. However, conflicting views show that participation was mostly cultural, and key political concerns of local Aboriginal people, such as postcolonialism, reconciliation, and land claims negotiations were not addressed. In addition significant efforts need to be made to improve Aboriginal participation in the sporting completion aspects of the Olympic Games. v FOREWORD Every conceivable distinguishing feature is seized upon, repackaged and subsequently launched as a unique quality peculiar to the particular Games. Geography is co-opted, architecture symbolized, national values reframed to reinforce Olympic ideals, national politics suspended to fabricate nonpartisan support, and cultures essentialized to serve every occasion. In this effort to brand successive Olympic Games, strategic outlets are engaged to release evidence of uniqueness, including the uniqueness of the host nation’s indigenous peoples. (Godwell, 2000, p. 246). vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS While an individual project, this thesis would not have been possible from the insights and direction of several people. I am heartily thankful to Meg Holden for her guidance, pushing me to my mettle, and ploughing through many drafts. Geoff Mann, you truly are a rock star. Thank you so much for all your guidance over the years, and your thoughtful comments and questions which will provide food for thought for years to come. I am grateful to Peter Williams who graciously agreed to be my external examiner, your feedback was invaluable in the final stages of completing this project. I thank Paul Kingsbury for being such an inspiration, supporting my intellectual endeavours, and for his cheerful spirit. I would like to thank Hilary Dunn and Ian Ponsford for their assistance in helping me making connections at VANOC. I am also indebted to Hilary for letting me use interview quotes from her Master of Resource Management thesis. Eva Sirep, Natalie Baloy, Solen Roth, Jen Silver, and Zoë Meleits thank you for sharing your ideas and experiences with me. Overall, the Department of Geography has made my time in Vancouver
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