Beware of the 'Siren Call' to Lunar Polar Water Ice!

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Beware of the 'Siren Call' to Lunar Polar Water Ice! Beware of the ‘siren call’ to lunar polar water ice! INGREDIENTS: Water, Hydrogen Sulfide, Ammonia, Sulfur Dioxide, Ethylene, Carbon Dioxide, Methanol, Methane, Hydroxide PSR water ice (“∼3.5% of cold traps exhibit ice exposures”, Li et al., 2018) What lies below 1 m??? (i.e., Siegler et al., 2016, ice stability depths) Geotechnical properties??? Hayne, et al. 2015 Fisher, et al. 2017 Sanin, et al. 2017 Resources Galore! Pyroclastic Glass Titanium KREEP Start simple: FeTiO3+H2 ---->Fe+TiO2+H2O Modeled A Scientific Bonanza! Mare Ages Lunar Science for Landed Missions Workshop Findings Report https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018EA000490 Marius Pit Reiner Gamma Marius Hills Wanted Lunar Outpost at Aristarchus based on 1:5M USGS Plateau geological maps and Single lunar field-station Wilhelms, 1987 looking for a long-term Within 100 km relationship with a Herodotus, Aristarchus craters, Aristarchus dependable, trustworthy Plateau (lavas and ash), Vallis Schröteri power generation unit. Within 250 km Prinz, Krieger, Wollaston craters, Montes Nuclear doesn’t scare me. Harbinger, Montes Agricola, Prinz rilles, [email protected] Oceanus Procellarum Within 500 km Marius, Brayley, Diophantus, Delisle, Angstrom, Gruithusien, Schiaparelli, craters, Marius Hills, Rima Marius, Gruithusien domes, late Imbrium lava flows Within 750 km Kepler, Euler, Mairan, Sharp, Lavoisier A, Lichtenberg, Briggs, Seleucus, Russell, Struve, Be careful of the allure Eddington, Galilaei, Reiner craters, Reiner Gamma swirls, Rümker Plateau, Mare 250 km to ‘perpetual sunlight’! Imbrium, young lavas near Lichtenberg Within 1000 km 500 km Cavalerius, Hevelius, Encke, Hortensius, Copernicus, Pytheas, Lambert, Bianchini, Bouguer, Harpalus, Markov, Harding, Krafft, 750 km Cardanus craters, Sinus Iridium, Sinus Roris, Montes Jura, Montes Carpatus, Flamsteed ring mare, Hortensius domes, feldspathic 1000 km highlands.
Recommended publications
  • LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) Observation Campaign: Strategies, Implementation, and Lessons Learned
    Space Sci Rev DOI 10.1007/s11214-011-9759-y LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) Observation Campaign: Strategies, Implementation, and Lessons Learned Jennifer L. Heldmann · Anthony Colaprete · Diane H. Wooden · Robert F. Ackermann · David D. Acton · Peter R. Backus · Vanessa Bailey · Jesse G. Ball · William C. Barott · Samantha K. Blair · Marc W. Buie · Shawn Callahan · Nancy J. Chanover · Young-Jun Choi · Al Conrad · Dolores M. Coulson · Kirk B. Crawford · Russell DeHart · Imke de Pater · Michael Disanti · James R. Forster · Reiko Furusho · Tetsuharu Fuse · Tom Geballe · J. Duane Gibson · David Goldstein · Stephen A. Gregory · David J. Gutierrez · Ryan T. Hamilton · Taiga Hamura · David E. Harker · Gerry R. Harp · Junichi Haruyama · Morag Hastie · Yutaka Hayano · Phillip Hinz · Peng K. Hong · Steven P. James · Toshihiko Kadono · Hideyo Kawakita · Michael S. Kelley · Daryl L. Kim · Kosuke Kurosawa · Duk-Hang Lee · Michael Long · Paul G. Lucey · Keith Marach · Anthony C. Matulonis · Richard M. McDermid · Russet McMillan · Charles Miller · Hong-Kyu Moon · Ryosuke Nakamura · Hirotomo Noda · Natsuko Okamura · Lawrence Ong · Dallan Porter · Jeffery J. Puschell · John T. Rayner · J. Jedadiah Rembold · Katherine C. Roth · Richard J. Rudy · Ray W. Russell · Eileen V. Ryan · William H. Ryan · Tomohiko Sekiguchi · Yasuhito Sekine · Mark A. Skinner · Mitsuru Sôma · Andrew W. Stephens · Alex Storrs · Robert M. Suggs · Seiji Sugita · Eon-Chang Sung · Naruhisa Takatoh · Jill C. Tarter · Scott M. Taylor · Hiroshi Terada · Chadwick J. Trujillo · Vidhya Vaitheeswaran · Faith Vilas · Brian D. Walls · Jun-ihi Watanabe · William J. Welch · Charles E. Woodward · Hong-Suh Yim · Eliot F. Young Received: 9 October 2010 / Accepted: 8 February 2011 © The Author(s) 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • No. 40. the System of Lunar Craters, Quadrant Ii Alice P
    NO. 40. THE SYSTEM OF LUNAR CRATERS, QUADRANT II by D. W. G. ARTHUR, ALICE P. AGNIERAY, RUTH A. HORVATH ,tl l C.A. WOOD AND C. R. CHAPMAN \_9 (_ /_) March 14, 1964 ABSTRACT The designation, diameter, position, central-peak information, and state of completeness arc listed for each discernible crater in the second lunar quadrant with a diameter exceeding 3.5 km. The catalog contains more than 2,000 items and is illustrated by a map in 11 sections. his Communication is the second part of The However, since we also have suppressed many Greek System of Lunar Craters, which is a catalog in letters used by these authorities, there was need for four parts of all craters recognizable with reasonable some care in the incorporation of new letters to certainty on photographs and having diameters avoid confusion. Accordingly, the Greek letters greater than 3.5 kilometers. Thus it is a continua- added by us are always different from those that tion of Comm. LPL No. 30 of September 1963. The have been suppressed. Observers who wish may use format is the same except for some minor changes the omitted symbols of Blagg and Miiller without to improve clarity and legibility. The information in fear of ambiguity. the text of Comm. LPL No. 30 therefore applies to The photographic coverage of the second quad- this Communication also. rant is by no means uniform in quality, and certain Some of the minor changes mentioned above phases are not well represented. Thus for small cra- have been introduced because of the particular ters in certain longitudes there are no good determi- nature of the second lunar quadrant, most of which nations of the diameters, and our values are little is covered by the dark areas Mare Imbrium and better than rough estimates.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary Glossary
    Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts.
    [Show full text]
  • Feature of the Month – January 2016 Galilaei
    A PUBLICATION OF THE LUNAR SECTION OF THE A.L.P.O. EDITED BY: Wayne Bailey [email protected] 17 Autumn Lane, Sewell, NJ 08080 RECENT BACK ISSUES: http://moon.scopesandscapes.com/tlo_back.html FEATURE OF THE MONTH – JANUARY 2016 GALILAEI Sketch and text by Robert H. Hays, Jr. - Worth, Illinois, USA October 26, 2015 03:32-03:58 UT, 15 cm refl, 170x, seeing 8-9/10 I sketched this crater and vicinity on the evening of Oct. 25/26, 2015 after the moon hid ZC 109. This was about 32 hours before full. Galilaei is a modest but very crisp crater in far western Oceanus Procellarum. It appears very symmetrical, but there is a faint strip of shadow protruding from its southern end. Galilaei A is the very similar but smaller crater north of Galilaei. The bright spot to the south is labeled Galilaei D on the Lunar Quadrant map. A tiny bit of shadow was glimpsed in this spot indicating a craterlet. Two more moderately bright spots are east of Galilaei. The western one of this pair showed a bit of shadow, much like Galilaei D, but the other one did not. Galilaei B is the shadow-filled crater to the west. This shadowing gave this crater a ring shape. This ring was thicker on its west side. Galilaei H is the small pit just west of B. A wide, low ridge extends to the southwest from Galilaei B, and a crisper peak is south of H. Galilaei B must be more recent than its attendant ridge since the crater's exterior shadow falls upon the ridge.
    [Show full text]
  • Chance, Luck and Statistics : the Science of Chance
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Alberta Gambling Research Institute Alberta Gambling Research Institute 1963 Chance, luck and statistics : the science of chance Levinson, Horace C. Dover Publications, Inc. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/41334 book Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca Chance, Luck and Statistics THE SCIENCE OF CHANCE (formerly titled: The Science of Chance) BY Horace C. Levinson, Ph. D. Dover Publications, Inc., New York Copyright @ 1939, 1950, 1963 by Horace C. Levinson All rights reserved under Pan American and International Copyright Conventions. Published in Canada by General Publishing Company, Ltd., 30 Lesmill Road, Don Mills, Toronto, Ontario. Published in the United Kingdom by Constable and Company, Ltd., 10 Orange Street, London, W.C. 2. This new Dover edition, first published in 1963. is a revised and enlarged version ot the work pub- lished by Rinehart & Company in 1950 under the former title: The Science of Chance. The first edi- tion of this work, published in 1939, was called Your Chance to Win. International Standard Rook Number: 0-486-21007-3 Libraiy of Congress Catalog Card Number: 63-3453 Manufactured in the United States of America Dover Publications, Inc. 180 Varick Street New York, N.Y. 10014 PREFACE TO DOVER EDITION THE present edition is essentially unchanged from that of 1950. There are only a few revisions that call for comment. On the other hand, the edition of 1950 contained far more extensive revisions of the first edition, which appeared in 1939 under the title Your Chance to Win. One major revision was required by the appearance in 1953 of a very important work, a life of Cardan,* a brief account of whom is given in Chapter 11.
    [Show full text]
  • 0 Lunar and Planetary Institute Provided by the NASA Astrophysics Data System THORIUM CONCENTRATIONS : IMBRIUM and ADJACENT REGIONS
    THORIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN THE IMBRIUM AND ADJACENT REGIONS OF THE MOON. A1 bert E. Metzger, Eldon L. Haines*, Maria I. Etchegaray-Ramirez, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91103, and B. Ray Hawke, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822. The orbital gamma-ray spectrometer deconvolution technique restores some of the inherent spatial resolution and contrast lost because of the substan- tial field of view of the instrument. The technique has previously been applied to the observed Th distributions in the Aristarchus, Apennine, and Smythii regions of the Moon overflown by Apollo (1,2). Application has now been made to the Imbrium region using that portion of the data field extending from 10°W - 42OW, over which the data coverage lies between 18ON and 30°N. The area enclosed not only fills in the interval between the Aristarchus- and Apennine-centered regions previously reported but also provides overlap regions which serve as a test of consistency. It is characterized by basalt flows of various ages, depths, and spectral proper- ties, craters of Copernican and Eratosthenian age, and probable areas of pyroclastic mantling . The Aristarchus and Apennine regions contain two of the three areas of maximum radioactivity observed along the Apollo 15 and 16 data tracks. For both regions the undeconvolved values for the 2' x 2" pixels comprising the data base, range over a factor of 3-4 with maximum values in excess of 8.5 ppm. By comparison, the Imbrium field contains a contrast of only 1.5, the values being more uniformly high, but with an upper limit of about 6.5 ppm.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guideline for a Sustainable Lunar Base Design for Constructed in Lunar Lava Tubes and Their Vertical Skylights
    50th International Conference on Environmental Systems ICES-2021-186 12-15 July 2021 A Guideline for a Sustainable Lunar Base Design for Constructed in Lunar Lava Tubes and Their Vertical Skylights Masato Sakurai1, Asuka Shima2, Isao Kawano3, Junichi Haruyama4 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Chofu-shi, Tokyo, 182-8522, Japan. and Hiroyuki Miyajima5 International University of Health and Welfare, Narita Campus 1, 4-3, Kōzunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686 Japan The lunar surface is a hostile environment subject to harmful radiation and meteorite impacts. A recently discovered lava tube avoids these risks and, as it undergoes only slight temperature changes, it is a promising location for constructing a lunar base. JAXA engages in research in regenerative ECLSS (Environmental Control Life Support Systems), particularly addressing water and air recycling and treating organic waste. Overcoming these challenges is essential for long-term lunar habitation. This paper presents a guideline for a sustainable lunar base design. Nomenclature ECLSS = Environmental Control Life Support System HTV = H-II Transfer Vehicle ISS = International Space Station JAXA = Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JSASS = Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Science MHH = Marius Hills Hole MIH = Mare Ingenii Hole MTH = Mare Tranquillitatis Hole SELENE = Selenological and Engineering Explorer UZUME = Unprecedented Zipangu Underworld of the Moon Exploration (name of the research group for vertical holes) SDGs = Sustainable Development Goals SELENE = Selenological and Engineering Explorer I. Introduction uture space exploration will extend beyond low Earth orbit and dramatically expand in scope. In particular, F industrial activities are planned for the Moon with the development of infrastructure that includes lunar bases. This paper summarizes our study of the construction of a crewed permanent settlement, which will be essential to support long-term habitation, resource utilization, and industrial activities on the Moon.
    [Show full text]
  • EXPLORING SUBSURFACE LUNAR VOIDS USING SURFACE GRAVIMETRY. Kieran A. Carroll, Da- Vid Hatch2, R. Ghent3, S. Stanley3, N. Urbancic3, Marie-Claude Williamson, W.B
    46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2015) 1746.pdf EXPLORING SUBSURFACE LUNAR VOIDS USING SURFACE GRAVIMETRY. Kieran A. Carroll, Da- vid Hatch2, R. Ghent3, S. Stanley3, N. Urbancic3, Marie-Claude Williamson, W.B. Garry4, Manik Talwani5 1Gedex Inc., 407 Matheson Blvd. East, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4Z 2H2, [email protected], 2Gedex Inc., 3University of Toronto, 4NASA GSFC, 5Rice University. Introduction: Surface gravimetry is a standard been found to be linear but discontinuous…the space terrestrial geophysics exploration technique. As noth- between such features likely represents uncollapsed ing blocks gravity, this approach can detect subsurface tube.” structures with contrasting densities, both shallow and The structure of these voids is currently unknown, deep. Recently-collected high-resolution imagery of being unobservable via imagery from orbit. Lava tube the Moon has identified numerous pits, indicative of voids presumably might be like terrestrial lava tubes -- subsurface voids. Here we analyze the anomalous - long, linear or sinuous tunnels. In [5], Wagner et al. gravity signal expected at the Moon’s surface due to speculate that “a complex plumbing system may form both localized voids and more-extensive lava tubes, in some impact melt deposits,” and that “where multi- and find that the signal can be large enough to be ple pits were found in a single pond, the pits often oc- measured with Lunar-compatible gravimeters. A po- cur in one or more small regions (~2-5 km square) tential near-term Lunar surface survey of a mare pit within the melt deposit…occasionally, several pits crater in Lacus Mortis is discussed. occur within tens of meters of each other, indicating a possible subsurface connection.” Presumably some Lunar Lava Tubes and Other Subsurface other Lunar subsurface voids might instead be much Voids: Lava tubes can form when an exposed magma more compact, resulting from the draining of a single flow cools at its top surface, forming a solid “lid” over small melt pond.
    [Show full text]
  • 10Great Features for Moon Watchers
    Sinus Aestuum is a lava pond hemming the Imbrium debris. Mare Orientale is another of the Moon’s large impact basins, Beginning observing On its eastern edge, dark volcanic material erupted explosively and possibly the youngest. Lunar scientists think it formed 170 along a rille. Although this region at first appears featureless, million years after Mare Imbrium. And although “Mare Orien- observe it at several different lunar phases and you’ll see the tale” translates to “Eastern Sea,” in 1961, the International dark area grow more apparent as the Sun climbs higher. Astronomical Union changed the way astronomers denote great features for Occupying a region below and a bit left of the Moon’s dead lunar directions. The result is that Mare Orientale now sits on center, Mare Nubium lies far from many lunar showpiece sites. the Moon’s western limb. From Earth we never see most of it. Look for it as the dark region above magnificent Tycho Crater. When you observe the Cauchy Domes, you’ll be looking at Yet this small region, where lava plains meet highlands, con- shield volcanoes that erupted from lunar vents. The lava cooled Moon watchers tains a variety of interesting geologic features — impact craters, slowly, so it had a chance to spread and form gentle slopes. 10Our natural satellite offers plenty of targets you can spot through any size telescope. lava-flooded plains, tectonic faulting, and debris from distant In a geologic sense, our Moon is now quiet. The only events by Michael E. Bakich impacts — that are great for telescopic exploring.
    [Show full text]
  • Relative Ages
    CONTENTS Page Introduction ...................................................... 123 Stratigraphic nomenclature ........................................ 123 Superpositions ................................................... 125 Mare-crater relations .......................................... 125 Crater-crater relations .......................................... 127 Basin-crater relations .......................................... 127 Mapping conventions .......................................... 127 Crater dating .................................................... 129 General principles ............................................. 129 Size-frequency relations ........................................ 129 Morphology of large craters .................................... 129 Morphology of small craters, by Newell J. Fask .................. 131 D, method .................................................... 133 Summary ........................................................ 133 table 7.1). The first three of these sequences, which are older than INTRODUCTION the visible mare materials, are also dominated internally by the The goals of both terrestrial and lunar stratigraphy are to inte- deposits of basins. The fourth (youngest) sequence consists of mare grate geologic units into a stratigraphic column applicable over the and crater materials. This chapter explains the general methods of whole planet and to calibrate this column with absolute ages. The stratigraphic analysis that are employed in the next six chapters first step in reconstructing
    [Show full text]
  • Apollo 12 Photography Index
    %uem%xed_ uo!:q.oe_ s1:s._l"e,d_e_em'I flxos'p_zedns O_q _/ " uo,re_ "O X_ pea-eden{ Z 0 (D I I 696L R_K_D._(I _ m,_ -4 0", _z 0', l',,o ._ rT1 0 X mm9t _ m_o& ]G[GNI XHdV_OOZOHd Z L 0T'I0_V 0 0 11_IdVdONI_OM T_OINHDZZ L6L_-6 GYM J_OV}KJ_IO0VSVN 0 C O_i_lOd-VJD_IfO1_d 0 _ •'_ i wO _U -4 -_" _ 0 _4 _O-69-gM& "oN GSVH/O_q / .-, Z9946T-_D-VSVN FOREWORD This working paper presents the screening results of Apollo 12, 70mmand 16mmphotography. Photographic frame descriptions, along with ground coverage footprints of the Apollo 12 Mission are inaluded within, by Appendix. This report was prepared by Lockheed Electronics Company,Houston Aerospace Systems Division, under Contract NAS9-5191 in response to Job Order 62-094 Action Document094.24-10, "Apollo 12 Screening IndeX', issued by the Mapping Sciences Laboratory, MannedSpacecraft Center, Houston, Texas. Acknowledgement is made to those membersof the Mapping Sciences Department, Image Analysis Section, who contributed to the results of this documentation. Messrs. H. Almond, G. Baron, F. Beatty, W. Daley, J. Disler, C. Dole, I. Duggan, D. Hixon, T. Johnson, A. Kryszewski, R. Pinter, F. Solomon, and S. Topiwalla. Acknowledgementis also made to R. Kassey and E. Mager of Raytheon Antometric Company ! I ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Forward ii I. Introduction I II. Procedures 1 III. Discussion 2 IV. Conclusions 3 V. Recommendations 3 VI. Appendix - Magazine Summary and Index 70mm Magazine Q II II R ii It S II II T II I! U II t! V tl It .X ,, ,, y II tl Z I! If EE S0-158 Experiment AA, BB, CC, & DD 16mm Magazines A through P VII.
    [Show full text]
  • July 2020 in This Issue Online Readers, ALPO Conference November 6-7, 2020 2 Lunar Calendar July 2020 3 Click on Images an Invitation to Join ALPO 3 for Hyperlinks
    A publication of the Lunar Section of ALPO Edited by David Teske: [email protected] 2162 Enon Road, Louisville, Mississippi, USA Recent back issues: http://moon.scopesandscapes.com/tlo_back.html July 2020 In This Issue Online readers, ALPO Conference November 6-7, 2020 2 Lunar Calendar July 2020 3 click on images An Invitation to Join ALPO 3 for hyperlinks. Observations Received 4 By the Numbers 7 Submission Through the ALPO Image Achieve 4 When Submitting Observations to the ALPO Lunar Section 9 Call For Observations Focus-On 9 Focus-On Announcement 10 2020 ALPO The Walter H. Haas Observer’s Award 11 Sirsalis T, R. Hays, Jr. 12 Long Crack, R. Hill 13 Musings on Theophilus, H. Eskildsen 14 Almost Full, R. Hill 16 Northern Moon, H. Eskildsen 17 Northwest Moon and Horrebow, H. Eskildsen 18 A Bit of Thebit, R. Hill 19 Euclides D in the Landscape of the Mare Cognitum (and Two Kipukas?), A. Anunziato 20 On the South Shore, R. Hill 22 Focus On: The Lunar 100, Features 11-20, J. Hubbell 23 Recent Topographic Studies 43 Lunar Geologic Change Detection Program T. Cook 120 Key to Images in this Issue 134 These are the modern Golden Days of lunar studies in a way, with so many new resources available to lu- nar observers. Recently, we have mentioned Robert Garfinkle’s opus Luna Cognita and the new lunar map by the USGS. This month brings us the updated, 7th edition of the Virtual Moon Atlas. These are all wonderful resources for your lunar studies.
    [Show full text]