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U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce
U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE December 8, 2016 TO: Members, Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade FROM: Committee Majority Staff RE: Hearing entitled “Mixed Martial Arts: Issues and Perspectives.” I. INTRODUCTION On December 8, 2016, at 10:00 a.m. in 2322 Rayburn House Office Building, the Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade will hold a hearing entitled “Mixed Martial Arts: Issues and Perspectives.” II. WITNESSES The Subcommittee will hear from the following witnesses: Randy Couture, President, Xtreme Couture; Lydia Robertson, Treasurer, Association of Boxing Commissions and Combative Sports; Jeff Novitzky, Vice President, Athlete Health and Performance, Ultimate Fighting Championship; and Dr. Ann McKee, Professor of Neurology & Pathology, Neuropathology Core, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston University III. BACKGROUND A. Introduction Modern mixed martial arts (MMA) can be traced back to Greek fighting events known as pankration (meaning “all powers”), first introduced as part of the Olympic Games in the Seventh Century, B.C.1 However, pankration usually involved few rules, while modern MMA is generally governed by significant rules and regulations.2 As its name denotes, MMA owes its 1 JOSH GROSS, ALI VS.INOKI: THE FORGOTTEN FIGHT THAT INSPIRED MIXED MARTIAL ARTS AND LAUNCHED SPORTS ENTERTAINMENT 18-19 (2016). 2 Jad Semaan, Ancient Greek Pankration: The Origins of MMA, Part One, BLEACHERREPORT (Jun. 9, 2009), available at http://bleacherreport.com/articles/28473-ancient-greek-pankration-the-origins-of-mma-part-one. -
The Evolution from Martial Arts to Self Defence
The Evolution from Martial Arts to Self Defence There is no doubt that Jujitsu has changed along with human evolution. Currently, this art has shifted to more functional practices to suit present needs. With this change in Jujitsu practices, it has taken it away from being a martial art and transformed to a self-defence style, combat sport or combat art. The etymology of martial art is of importance in determining whether Jujitsu can still be classified as such. In this context, martial means ‘of war, warlike’ and art a ‘nonscientific branch of knowledge’. Taking this description into account, can it be stated still that Jujitsu is a warlike art? Jujitsu was originally a martial art from Japan created to defeat an opponent without using weapons or only a short weapon. Jujitsu was developed among the samurai of feudal Japan and also, limited to this upper class group. The Samurais knew that striking against an armored opponent was ineffective, hence they learned to neutralize the enemies by using forms of pins, joint locks, and throws. These techniques were developed based on the principle mentioned above that seeks to use the attacker's energy against them. There are many variations of the art, which leads to a diversity of approaches. Jujutsu schools (ryū) may utilize all forms of grappling techniques to some degree, for example, throwing, trapping, joint locks, holds, gouging, biting, disengagements, striking, and kicking. In addition to jujitsu, many schools teach the use of weapons. Then, to describe Jujitsu as a martial art would no longer be correct as it is no longer used to defeat opponents that wear armour or carry small weapons in battle fields. -
Health Benefits & Risks in the Young Judo Athlete
Health Benefits & Risks in the Young Judo Athlete USA Judo Sports Medicine Subcommittee Robert S. Nishime, M.D. The goal of USA Judo Sports Medicine is to promote and facilitate a healthy athletic lifestyle through safe judo participation. The health and safety of judo participants should always remain the number priority when advising or caring for our athletes. History and Philosophy Judo is one of the most participated sports worldwide, with practitioners spanning all age groups, gender lines, and ethnicities. Judo was originally derived from a truly “combat” oriented martial art known as jujitsu. Jujitsu was basically developed in medieval feudal Japan for battlefield ‘hand-to-hand/sword’ confrontations when a Samurai warrior lost his sword during combat. Therefore jujitsu became by necessity, a “dangerous” form of combat for survival and an adjunctive tool for victory during war. However, through the founder of judo, Professor Jigoro Kano, jujitsu made a profound transition from a dangerous, primarily combative art form. Professor Kano modified various styles of jujitsu into a “safe”, life enhancing martial art, which he called Judo or the “gentle way”, that is now an Olympic sport. He accomplished this in part by removing many of the striking, kicking, gouging, and joint locking techniques that were primarily intended to maim or injure an opponent. He retained and created techniques that could be practiced relatively safely and harmoniously between practitioners. He placed much emphasis on achieving “mutual benefit” when individuals train together. Professor Kano redirected the primary goals of training in his martial art from self-defense and survival to the development of mind, body, and character. -
State Athletic Commission 10/25/13 523
523 CMR: STATE ATHLETIC COMMISSION Table of Contents Page (523 CMR 1.00 THROUGH 4.00: RESERVED) 7 523 CMR 5.00: GENERAL PROVISIONS 31 Section 5.01: Definitions 31 Section 5.02: Application 32 Section 5.03: Variances 32 523 CMR 6.00: LICENSING AND REGISTRATION 33 Section 6.01: General Licensing Requirements: Application; Conditions and Agreements; False Statements; Proof of Identity; Appearance Before Commission; Fee for Issuance or Renewal; Period of Validity 33 Section 6.02: Physical and Medical Examinations and Tests 34 Section 6.03: Application and Renewal of a License as a Professional Unarmed Combatant 35 Section 6.04: Initial Application for a License as a Professional Unarmed Combatant New to Massachusetts 35 Section 6.05: Application by an Amateur for a License as a Professional Unarmed Combatant 35 Section 6.06: Application for License as a Promoter 36 Section 6.07: Application for License as a Second 36 Section 6.08: Application for License as a Manager or Trainer 36 Section 6.09: Manager or Trainer May Act as Second Without Second’s License 36 Section 6.10: Application for License as a Referee, Judge, Timekeeper, and Ringside Physician 36 Section 6.11: Application for License as a Matchmaker 36 Section 6.12: Applicants, Licensees and Officials Must Submit Material to Commission as Directed 36 Section 6.13: Grounds for Denial of Application for License 37 Section 6.14: Application for New License or Petition for Reinstatement of License after Denial, Revocation or Suspension 37 Section 6.15: Effect of Expiration of License on -
Constitutional Combat: Is Fighting a Form of Free Speech?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Villanova University School of Law: Digital Repository Volume 20 Issue 2 Article 4 2013 Constitutional Combat: Is Fighting a Form of Free Speech? The Ultimate Fighting Championship and its Struggle Against the State of New York Over the Message of Mixed Martial Arts Daniel Berger Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/mslj Part of the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons, and the First Amendment Commons Recommended Citation Daniel Berger, Constitutional Combat: Is Fighting a Form of Free Speech? The Ultimate Fighting Championship and its Struggle Against the State of New York Over the Message of Mixed Martial Arts, 20 Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports L.J. 381 (2013). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/mslj/vol20/iss2/4 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal by an authorized editor of Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. \\jciprod01\productn\V\VLS\20-2\VLS204.txt unknown Seq: 1 14-JUN-13 13:05 Berger: Constitutional Combat: Is Fighting a Form of Free Speech? The Ul Articles CONSTITUTIONAL COMBAT: IS FIGHTING A FORM OF FREE SPEECH? THE ULTIMATE FIGHTING CHAMPIONSHIP AND ITS STRUGGLE AGAINST THE STATE OF NEW YORK OVER THE MESSAGE OF MIXED MARTIAL ARTS DANIEL BERGER* I. INTRODUCTION The promotion-company -
Hand to Hand Combat
*FM 21-150 i FM 21-150 ii FM 21-150 iii FM 21-150 Preface This field manual contains information and guidance pertaining to rifle-bayonet fighting and hand-to-hand combat. The hand-to-hand combat portion of this manual is divided into basic and advanced training. The techniques are applied as intuitive patterns of natural movement but are initially studied according to range. Therefore, the basic principles for fighting in each range are discussed. However, for ease of learning they are studied in reverse order as they would be encountered in a combat engagement. This manual serves as a guide for instructors, trainers, and soldiers in the art of instinctive rifle-bayonet fighting. The proponent for this publication is the United States Army Infantry School. Comments and recommendations must be submitted on DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) directly to Commandant, United States Army Infantry School, ATTN: ATSH-RB, Fort Benning, GA, 31905-5430. Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns do not refer exclusively to men. iv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Hand-to-hand combat is an engagement between two or more persons in an empty-handed struggle or with handheld weapons such as knives, sticks, and rifles with bayonets. These fighting arts are essential military skills. Projectile weapons may be lost or broken, or they may fail to fire. When friendly and enemy forces become so intermingled that firearms and grenades are not practical, hand-to-hand combat skills become vital assets. 1-1. PURPOSE OF COMBATIVES TRAINING Today’s battlefield scenarios may require silent elimination of the enemy. -
Introduction
Introduction “...the Shorin-ryu (Shorin ‘school’) is very light and quick, with rapid motions to the front and back, which may be likened to the swift flight of the falcon.” - Karate-Do Kyohan, Gichin Funakoshi, p.8 The Pinan kata, “forms of safety”, are a series of five forms from the Shorin-ryu (Shuri-te) School of Okinawa Karate-do, which was known for its speed and agility. Created by Grandmaster Yasutsune “Anko” Itosu and later popularized by his student Gichin Funakoshi, the Pinan kata are known in the Shotokan style as Heian- no-kata. They incorporate a wide variety of stances and techniques designed to develop your mind and strengthen your body. The Pinan katas are often thought of as training methods for beginners or children and are hence undervalued by more experienced karateka. The main reason for the katas being viewed this way is the fact that they were first established at the time Itosu was introducing Karate to the Okinawan schools. Some say that the Pinans are mealy watered down versions of the advanced kata and were developed solely for children. If this were the case then why did Itosu also teach the Pinans to his adult students? It is far more likely that Itosu had developed the Pinans over a period of time and meant for them to be a synthesis of the best methods being practised in the Shuri region. When karate was introduced to the Okinawan schools the Pinans would be the natural choice because they are relatively short. This is probably the only reason they were selected and has nothing to do with the effectiveness of techniques contained within them. -
ONE Championship Kicks Off ONE: HEROES of HONOR in Manila with Press Conference
ONE Championship Kicks Off ONE: HEROES OF HONOR in Manila with Press Conference 17 April 2018 – Manila, Philippines: Asia’s premier martial arts organization, ONE Championship, is back in Manila for its second of four shows in 2018. In a press conference held at the Grand Ballroom of the City of Dreams in Manila, the promotion kicked off its latest event, ONE: HEROES OF HONOR, which is set for Friday, 20 April, at the Mall of Asia Arena. Photos of the event can be downloaded here. In attendance were Chairman and CEO of ONE Championship, Chatri Sityodtong, main event combatants Kevin “The Silencer” Belingon of Baguio City, Philippines and Andrew Leone of Cortland, New York, USA, global kickboxing superstar Giorgio “The Doctor” Petrosyan and opponent ‘Smokin’ Jo Nattawut of Thailand, among others. Belingon (17-5), who is currently riding a four-bout winning streak, takes on former bantamweight world title challenger Leone (8-3) in a contest with huge title implications. Both Belingon and Leone are seeking a rematch against reigning ONE Bantamweight World Champion Bibiano “The Flash” Fernandes, but will have to go through each other to secure it. “I know Andrew Leone is a tough opponent, and I need to be at my best to win. It’s going to be one of my biggest matches to date,” said Belingon. “I am very thankful to ONE Championship for allowing me to be a part of this historic event. I can’t leave anything to chance. I have to give another great performance. Beating Leone would be the next step to the title.” Belingon’s opponent Leone also knows what’s at stake in this matchup, and he isn’t taking the Filipino lightly by any means. -
Muay Thai Diplomacy: Thailand’S Soft Power Through Public Diplomacy
Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences (2021) Volume 11 No 1, 99-124 Muay Thai Diplomacy: Thailand’s Soft Power Through Public Diplomacy William J. Jones Mahidol University International College Pawinpon Theerawong Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Thailand Abstract: Public and cultural diplomacy are tools for states to enhance their soft power in international affairs. Sports diplomacy is becoming an increasingly important arena for states to enhance their image among foreign publics and increase their country’s visibility via the attractiveness of their cultural asset. This article explores Thailand’s cultural diplomacy by the support given by the Thai state in order to make Muay Thai (Thai boxing) an official Olympic sport. The role of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Muay Thai athletes will be examined to find how the Thai state is attempting to increase its soft power by cultural sport diplomacy. Keywords: Thai boxing, Thailand diplomacy, Public diplomacy, Cultural diplomacy, Soft power, Sports diplomacy 1. Introduction Muay Thai, also known as Thai boxing, has gained a global admiration and recognition as the national martial art and sport of Thailand. More than its fascinating combat techniques, Muay Thai is enriched with its cultural values, fabricated along the history of the Thai nation. Today, Muay Thai has evolved from its origin of battlefield and obtained the utilitarian multiplicity in fitness, entertainment, sport, self-defence, and so on, not only in its country of origin but worldwide. It is also recognised by the Thai state as a 99 Muay Thai Diplomacy: Thailand’s Soft Power Through Public Diplomacy source of soft power, thus, used as a tool for cultural diplomacy (Sukontasap, 2018). -
The History of Kodokan Judo
American Traditional Jujutsu Association Judo Student Manual Chapter 2 The History of Kodokan Judo The art of Jujutsu has many variations of the art, which leads to a diversity of approaches. Jujutsu schools (ryū) may utilize all forms of grappling techniques to some degree (i.e. throwing, trapping, joint locks, holds, gouging, biting, disengagements, striking, and kicking). In addition to jujutsu, many schools teach the use of weapons. While armed and unarmed combat has been around for the entire history of mankind, it has been suggested that Jujutsu, as a formal means of teaching, has been around for 600 to 1,000 years. Judo, meaning "gentle way", is a modern martial art, combat and Olympic sport created in Japan in 1882 by Jigoro Kano. Its most prominent feature is its competitive element, where the objective is to either throw or takedown an opponent to the ground, immobilize or otherwise subdue an opponent with a pin, or force an opponent to submit with a joint lock or a choke. Strikes and thrusts by hands and feet as well as weapons defenses are a part of Judo, but only in pre-arranged forms (kata) and are not allowed in Judo competition or free practice (randori). A Judo practitioner is called a Judoka. The philosophy and subsequent pedagogy developed for Judo became the model for other modern Japanese martial arts that developed from koryu, traditional schools. The worldwide spread of Judo has led to the development of a number of offshoots such as Sambo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. The early history of Judo is inseparable from its founder, Japanese polymath and educator Jigoro Kano, (1860- 1938), born Shinnosuke Kano. -
Totally Tae Kwon Do Magazine Continues Its Serialisation of the Dojang, a Novel by Marek Handzel
Upubmmz!! Ubf!Lxpo!Ep! Issue 116 www.totallytkd.com October 2018 Totally TKD News Page 4 Chosun Taekwondo Academy Hosts 9th Annual Book & Bake Sale Youth Olympics selection for GB Taekwondo duo Moore of the same-former karate kid delighted with Polish Open breakthrough Mahama aiming to be Cho-stopper as Grand Prix beckons for GB stars Mahama Cho opens GB taekwondo Grand Prix medal account Walkden eyes Manchester Grand Prix glory after Far East near miss Omen’s look good for Manchester after Damon’s latest World Grand Prix medal A Study of the Full Nelson Page 17 Terminology: Things There Aren’t Page 25 Painting By Numbers Page 29 Aging Up AND Staying in the Game Page 35 Is Martial Meditation Necessary? Page 41 Warming Up With Star Jumps Page 49 What’s in a Name? Page 55 Typical Injuries in Martial Arts Page 57 Totally Tae Kwon Do Wants You! Page 66 Ask The Grandmaster? Page 67 Yoo-Sin’s Palm Hooking Blocks Measuring Up in Yul-Gok “The Dojang” Serialization - Pt. 13 Page 71 An Analysis of the Chang Hon Patterns: Part 7A - What and Where Page 77 Submission Guidelines Page 84 Sponsorship Packages Page 85 Contributors: Stuart Anslow (cover), Brendan Doogan, Mike Swope, Master Robin Ford, Erica Linthorst, Dr. Jan Lodder, Bob Mayes, David Jewell, Grandmaster Doug Cook, Tim Posynick, David Stainko, Grandmaster Rhee, Ki Ha, Kelvin - Totally Liew, Tae Media Kwon DoInsight, Trevor Baxtor, GB Taekwondo, Master Ray Gayle, Martin Harvey, Marek Handzel, Clio Yates, Master Gordon Slater, Elliott Walker, Colin Avis and Stuart Anslow Upubmmz!! Ubf!Lxpo!Ep! EditorialEditorial The Global Tae Kwon Do Magazine Issue 116 · October 2018 Produced and Published by: Harrow Martial Arts Hi everyone, in association with Rayners Lane Taekwon-do Academy There are 3 major Taekwon-Do tournaments on this Email: [email protected] weekend (that I know of), so if you are competing, Tel: +44 (0)7759 438779 then I wish you much success. -
Southeast Asian Kickboxing
523 CMR: STATE ATHLETIC COMMISSION 523 CMR 23.00: SOUTHEAST ASIAN KICKBOXING Section 23.01: Applicability 23.02: Requirements for Ring 23.03: Combatant Classification 23.04: Number and Duration of Rounds 23.05: Weight Classes 23.06: Specifications for Bandages on Southeast Asian Kickboxing Combatants' Hands 23.07: Mouth Pieces 23.08: Protective Equipment 23.09: Gloves 23.10: Apparel 23.11: Traditional Pre-fight Rituals 23.12: Use of Ointments 23.13: Stopping a Contest 23.14: Double Knockout Situations 23.15: Downward Pointed Elbow Strikes 23.16: Legal Techniques for Professional Contests 23.17: Illegal Techniques/Fouls in Professional Contests 23.18: Legal Techniques for Amateur Contests 23.19: Illegal Techniques/Fouls in Amateur Contests 23.20: Ploughing and Grabbing of an Opponent's Leg 23.21: Fouls Further Explained 23.22: Judging 23.23: Cautions and Warnings 23.24: Fouls 23.25: Injuries Sustained During Competition 23.26: The Referee 23.27: Referee's Duties 23.28: The Decision 23.29: Procedure after a Knock-out or Technical Knock-out 23.30: Procedure When an Unarmed Combatant Has Fallen Through or Been Knocked Through Ropes 23.31: Interpretation 23:32: Variances 23.01: Applicability The provisions of 523 CMR 23.00 shall apply to all professional and amateur Southeast Asian Kickboxing matches and exhibitions required to be licensed in accordance with M.G.L. c. 147, § 32 and individuals required to be licensed in accordance with M.G.L. c. 147, § 35. 23.02: Requirements for Ring (1) Southeast Asian Kickboxing competitions must be conducted in a ring in conformance with 523 CMR 23.02(2).