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Formulation of Cassia Didymobotrya Leaf Laxative Tablets

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Formulation of Cassia Didymobotrya Leaf Laxative Tablets FORMULATION OF CASSIA DIDYMOBOTRYA LEAF LAXATIVE TABLETS By SINIDU MEKONNEN WENDEMAGEGN U53/75434/2014 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Pharmacy in Industrial Pharmacy of the University of Nairobi. November 2016 DECLARATION This dissertation is my original work and has not been presented for a degree award in any university or published anywhere else. Principal investigator: Sinidu Mekonnen Wendemagegn, B.Pharm U53/75434/2014 Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, University of Nairobi Signature …………………………………………………Date…………………………………. Supervisors This dissertation has been submitted for examination with our approval as university supervisors: 1. Prof. Kimani A. M. Kuria, PhD Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, University of Nairobi Signature…………………………………Date……………………………………… 2. Dr. Lucy J. Tirop, PhD Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, University of Nairobi Signature………………………………….Date……………………………………… TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................ ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... iii DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ........................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................. vi DEDICATION .............................................................................................................................. vii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .................................................................................... viii LIST OF PLATES ......................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... ix DEFINITION OF TERMS ............................................................................................................. x ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... xi 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Problem Statement ................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 3 1.3.1 General Objective ............................................................................................................. 3 1.3.2 Specific objectives ............................................................................................................ 3 1.4 Significance and anticipated outcome ....................................................................................... 3 1.5 Delimitation ............................................................................................................................. 3 1.6 Limitation ................................................................................................................................ 3 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Standardization of Herbal drugs ............................................................................................... 4 2.2 Cassia didymobotrya ................................................................................................................ 5 2.2.1 Description ....................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Distribution and climatic conditions required for growth ................................................... 6 2.2.3 Traditional medicinal use .................................................................................................. 6 2.2.4 Phytochemical profile ....................................................................................................... 7 3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................................ 8 3.1 Study design ................................................................................................................................ 8 3.2 Study Location ............................................................................................................................. 8 3.3 Equipment/ Apparatus .................................................................................................................. 8 iii 3.4 Plant Material .............................................................................................................................. 8 3.5 Extraction .................................................................................................................................... 8 3.6 Evaluation of Cassia didymobotrya leaf and dry extract ............................................................... 9 3.6.1 Identification of Anthraquinone glycodsides ......................................................................... 9 3.6.2 Total content of hydroxyanthracene glycosides in C. didymobotrya leaf ................................ 9 3.6.3 Total content of hydroxyanthracene glycosides in C. didymobotrya leaf dry extract ............. 10 3.7 Preparation of tablets from Cassia didymobotrya leaf dry extract ............................................... 11 3.7.1 Composition ........................................................................................................................ 11 3.7.2 Preparation of Granules ......................................................................................................... 13 3.7.3 Quality assessment of granules ............................................................................................ 14 3.7.4 Preparation of Tablets ......................................................................................................... 16 3.7.5 Quality assessment of compressed tablets ............................................................................ 16 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ........................................................................................... 19 4.1 Plant extraction .......................................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Evaluation of Cassia didymobotrya leaf and dry extract ............................................................. 19 4.3 Granulation ................................................................................................................................ 21 4.4 Tableting ................................................................................................................................... 22 4.5 Quality assessment of compressed tablets ................................................................................... 23 5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .................................................................... 29 5.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 29 5.2 Recommendation ....................................................................................................................... 29 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 30 iv DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY Name of student Sinidu Mekonnen Wendemagegn Registration Number U53/75434/2014 College Health Sciences School Pharmacy Department Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice Course Name Master of Pharmacy in Industrial Pharmacy DECLARATION 1. I understand what plagiarism is and I am aware of the University's policy in this regard. 2. I declare that this dissertation is my original work and has not been submitted anywhere for any examination, award of a degree or publication. Where other people's work has been used, it has properly been acknowledged and referenced in accordance with the University of Nairobi's requirements. 3. I have not used the services of any professional agencies to produce this work. 4. I have not allowed, and shall not allow anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his/her work. 5. I understand that any false claim in respect of this work shall result in disciplinary action, in accordance with University Plagiarism Policy. Signature………………………………….Date……………………………………… v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, all the glory goes to the almighty God for making all things possible for me to reach this point in life. My most sincere gratitude goes out to my supervisors Prof. Kimani A.M. Kuria and Dr. Lucy J. Tirop; this work would not have been possible without your reinforcement, dedication, guidance, and mentorship you provided throughout my study period. Thank you very much. My sincerer thanks also go to all the following people for their invaluable contribution and support,
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