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Root Physiology and Vine Performance

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Root Physiology and Vine Performance Root physiology and vine performance FINAL REPORT to GRAPE AND WINE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION Project Number: UA 04/03 Principal Investigator: Stephen D. Tyerman Research Organisation: University of Adelaide Date: January 25, 2010 1 Report on: Root Physiology and Vine Performance Project UA 04/03 2005-2009 Prepared by: Professor Stephen D. Tyerman 25th January 2010 School of Agriculture, Food and Wine Plant Research Centre Adelaide University, Waite Campus PMB #1, Glen Osmond SA 5064 P: +618 8303 6663 F: +618 8313 0431 [email protected] 2 Table of Contents !"#$%&'($)'""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""*! +"#,-,).'/0,#&.11$(2 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""3! 4"#%$)56(7.89""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""":! ;"#<(7=,)'#$/1&#$89#<,(>7(1$8),#'$(6,'&""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""?! *"#1,'@79 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!A! 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Three major findings from the project are: 1) There are large diurnal changes in the capacity of roots to extract water from the soil, which is largely in tune with the shoot’s capacity to use the water. This is variety dependent particularly after water stress and re-watering. 2) There are signals from the shoot going to the roots that communicates the shoot’s demand for water so that sufficient supply is maintained. This is affected by shoot pruning. This is a general feature of plants first identified in grapevine in this project. 3) Salt tolerance in rootstocks can be attributed to major differences in chloride transport across specific membranes within the root. These differences occur in the main roots but not lateral roots. 5 2. Executive summary There were two broad components to the project: 1) How roots control water flow to the shoot and how this control may be manipulated to improve water extraction from soil; 2) How roots control the delivery of chloride salts to the shoot and if this is linked to water flow and salinity tolerance of grapevines. This work was also partially subsidized by the Australian Research Council, which funded an Australian Professorial Fellowship to Professor Tyerman (2007-2011). 1) Control of root water transport We report physiological and anatomical characteristics of water transport across roots grown in soil of two cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. differing in response to water stress (Grenache- isohydric; Chardonnay-anisohydric). Both cultivars have similar root hydraulic conductances (Lo, a measure of water transport capacity) that change diurnally. There is a positive correlation between Lo and transpiration indicating coordination between root and shoot. Under water stress both cultivars have reduced minimum daily Lo (predawn) attributed to development of apoplastic barriers. Water-stressed and well-watered Chardonnay had the same diurnal change in amplitude of Lo, while water-stressed Grenache showed a reduction in daily amplitude compared to well-watered plants. Hydraulic conductivity of root cortex cells (Lpcell) doubles in Chardonnay but remains unchanged in Grenache.
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