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En Biomes Àrids I Mediterranis D'àfrica Sara García Aloy

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En Biomes Àrids I Mediterranis D'àfrica Sara García Aloy ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi queda condicionat a lʼacceptació de les condicions dʼús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://cat.creativecommons.org/?page_id=184 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis queda condicionado a la aceptación de las condiciones de uso establecidas por la siguiente licencia Creative Commons: http://es.creativecommons.org/blog/licencias/ WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis it is limited to the acceptance of the use conditions set by the following Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA FACULTAT DE BIOCIÈNCIES DEPARTAMENT DE BIOLOGIA ANIMAL, BIOLOGIA VEGETAL I ECOLOGIA UNITAT DE BOTÀNICA BIOGEOGRAFIA I EVOLUCIÓ DE CAMPANULÀCIES I GERANIÀCIES EN BIOMES ÀRIDS I MEDITERRANIS D’ÀFRICA TESI DOCTORAL SARA GARCÍA ALOY Barcelona, 2017 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Facultat de Biociències Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia Unitat de Botànica Programa de Doctorat: Biologia i Biotecnologia Vegetal BIOGEOGRAFIA I EVOLUCIÓ DE CAMPANULÀCIES I GERANIÀCIES EN BIOMES ÀRIDS I MEDITERRANIS D’ÀFRICA Memòria presentada per Sara García Aloy per optar al títol de Doctora per la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Amb el vist-i-plau dels directors i tutor de la tesi: Dr. Juan José Aldasoro Martín Dra. María Luisa Alarcón Cavero Dra. Cristina Roquet Ruiz Dr. Llorenç Sáez Gonyalons Sara García Aloy Barcelona, 2017 Disseny de la portada i contraportada: Lluís Beltran Carbonell Il·lustracions: Pilar Aloy Villanueva Associeu-vos i sereu forts, instruïu-vos i sereu lliures, estimeu-vos i sereu feliços —Josep Anselm Clavé Agraïments Quasi quatre anys després d’haver començat aquest camí incert, sembla que aquest arriba al seu final. Mirant enrere me n’adono de la rapidesa amb què ha passat el temps i tota la gent que he conegut, m’ha ajudat i acompanyat en aquest viatge i sense la qual no estaria aquí. Quiero agradecer en primer lugar a mis directores de tesis, el Dr. Juan José Aldasoro, la Dra. Marisa Alarcón y la Dra. Cristina Roquet, todo el trabajo, esfuerzo y tiempo que han dedicado a esta tesis. Gracias por confiar en mí y guiarme en este camino. He aprendido mucho de vuestras formas diferentes de hacer y creo que eso me ha hecho crecer como persona. Gracias por contagiarme vuestra pasión por la investigación y la ciencia. També vull agrair al Dr. Llorenç Sáez, el meu tutor, els consells i recolzament que m’ha ofert durant tot aquest temps. Espero que la teva dedicació es vegi recompensada i satisfeta amb aquesta tesi. Una menció especial al meu amic i company de l’Institut Botànic de Barcelona, el Dr. Daniel Vitales. Gràcies Dani per tot el suport i per tenir tanta paciència amb mi. Gràcies també per ensenyar-me a treballar amb rigor, a no conformar-me, a ser més forta, i per totes les discussions científiques que hem tingut a l’IBB. He après molt de tu i sempre t’estaré agraïda. Aquesta tesi s’ha realitzat quasi íntegrament a l’Institut Botànic de Barcelona i vull agrair que se’m donés l’oportunitat de treballar i fer ús de les instal·lacions per dur a terme els experiments necessaris. Vull agrair especialment a la directora de l’IBB, la Dra. Teresa Garnatje, per haver-me acollit en el seu grup de recerca i per totes les facilitats que m’ha donat durant aquest temps. Estic molt contenta d’haver conegut i compartit espai de feina amb gent tan encantadora com l’Airy Gras, la Dra. Sònia Garcia, el Dr. Ugo d’Ambrosio, la Joana Aragay, la Carmen Guerrero, la Dra. Gemma Mas de Xaxars, l’Alex Campoy i la Paula Bonaventura. Una de les experiències més gratificants de la meva etapa a l’Institut Botànic ha estat la participació en els treballs de recerca de batxillerat de la Marta López i el Juan Liébana. Els agraeixo a tots dos l’oportunitat de col·laborar en els seus projectes. He après molt de tots vosaltres. Vull agrair sincerament a totes les persones que durant la meva estada a l’Institut Botànic han contribuït en major o menor grau al desenvolupament d’aquesta tesi tesi i que sempre m’han tractat amb amabilitat: el Dr. Julià Molero, el Dr. Joan Vallès, en Samuel Pyke, en Miquel Veny, la Dra. Núria Garcia-Jacas, el Dr. Alfonso Susanna, el Dr. Jordi López-Pujol, la Dra. Mercè Galbany, el Dr. Ángel Romo, la Dra. Roser Vilatersana, en Sergi Massó, la Sadia Malik, en Youcef Bougoutaia, en Pau Carnicero, la Sònia Herrando, la Jèssica Requena, la Mª Luisa Gutiérrez, en Fernando Castro, la Pilar Bayón, la Dra. Neus Ibáñez, la Neus Nualart, la Montserrat Roig, la Dra. Noemí Montes, la Dra. Diana Muñiz, la Laura Gavioli, en Jordi Pallàs, la Rosa Fernández, l’Anna Mª Prats, en Carles Burguera, en Carlos Gómez, en Carlos Pérez, en David Pérez, la Dra. Sara Lòpez-Vinyallonga, el Dr. Valentí Rull, la Dra. Núria Canyelles, la Dra. Elisabet Safont, la Karina Barros, en Josep Aurell, la Dra. Maria Pilar Alonso, la Isidora Manso, la Sara García López, l’Ángela Zárate, en Carlos Silva, la María Jiménez, en Jordi Antúnez, la Victoria Fernández, la Carmen Ceballos, en Fernando Gutiérrez, el Dr. Josep Maria Montserrat, i a tota la gent que ha passat per l’Institut Botànic durant aquests anys. También quiero expresar mi agradecimiento por toda su ayuda a la Dra. Isabel Sanmartín y al Dr. Pablo Vargas del Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid con los que he tenido el placer de realizar diferentes colaboraciones realmente enriquecedoras y productivas. Espero que en el futuro podamos seguir compartiendo trabajos y colaboraciones. I would like to thank Dr. Gudrun Kadereit for accepting my request for a research stay in the Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz. I really appreciate all the dedication and patience that she had with me. I enjoyed very much the time I spent there doing research and learning. Vielen Dank Gudrun! I also would like to thank all the staff of the centre, but specially to Dr. Joachim Kadereit, Dr. Berit Gehrke, Dr. Michael Pirie, Ursula Martiné, Silvia Wienken, Angelika Schmitt, Dr. Christian Uhink and to my dear colleagues Denise, Marie- Claire, Delphine, Paco, Armin, Katharina, Maximilian, Michael, Malvina and Sandra. També vull expressar el meu agraïment a totes les persones que m’han facilitat material de geraniàcies i campanulàcies. Amb la vostra col·laboració aquest treball és molt més ric. Agraeixo especialment al Dr. F. Albers, Dr. K. Müller i Dr. J. Röschenbleck de la Universitat de Münster, Alemanya, per facilitar-me material de Monsonia. També agraeixo als següents herbaris i als seus conservadors haver-nos donat accés al seu material: BC, BCN, COI, EA, G, LE, MA, MJG, MO, MSUN, P, PRE, STEU, W i WU. Voldria donar les gràcies a tots els membres del departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, especialment de la Unitat de Botànica. També vull mostrar el meu agraïment a tot el personal del programa de doctorat de Biologia i Biotecnologia Vegetal, sobretot a la Dra. Charlotte Poschenrieder per resoldre les meves preguntes i donar-me totes les facilitats possibles. Vull agrair també a tots els companys i companyes dels centres on he fet estades prèvies a aquest projecte de tesi, especialment al Dr. Ramon Dolcet del Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica i als Dr. Frantisek Baluska i Dr. Ken Yokawa de l’Institut für Zelluläre & Molekuläre Botanik de la Universitat de Bonn. Voldria mostrar el meu agraïment a tots els alumnes que he tingut, els quals m’han ensenyat milers de coses durant tots aquests anys. Vull donar les gràcies especialment a la Victòria i al Josep, a la Núria Villaronga i a la família Martínez- Sarrau tots els moments feliços compartits. Gràcies de tot cor pel vostre suport. Reservo les últimes línies a la gent que forma el pilar fonamental de la meva vida: els meus amics i família. Em sento molt afortunada d’estar envoltada i acomboiada per tots vosaltres. Mil gràcies als meus amics de tota la vida i als que ho sou de fa menys temps. A la Delfi, l’Albert, la Cris, el Nabin, el Dani, la Gery, el Jan, la Naw, l’Edu, el José, la Mónica, el David, la Xènia, la Juli, el Pep, la Miriam, la Presna, la Sara, la Sahra, la Frida, la Stavi, l’Eren i el Peter. Per totes les abraçades, llàgrimes, rialles i alegries compartides. Vull agrair a la meva família -amb aquest nucli tan compacte liderat per la millor matriarca possible: la iaia Pilarín- tota la complicitat i moments únics que hem passat. Mil gràcies als meus pares i a la meva germana per estar sempre al meu costat, per tot l’amor i suport que m’heu donat des de ben petita. Als meus padrins, la Pilar i el Lluís, i als meus tiets, el Joan Miquel i la Sandra. Als meus cosins estimats, el Jordi, la Júlia, l’Anna i la Mariona. Un record especial als que ja no hi són, però que sempre estan en el meu pensament, l’avi Eduard i la iaia Pilar. Moltes gràcies també a la Diana i al Ramon per tot el recolzament i ànims que m’heu donat en aquesta etapa i en etapes anteriors. I com no, als nostres amics el Roc, el Chester, el Bruc i la Hope! El meu agraïment més especial al Marc. Per tots els moments que hem passat junts. Per tot el suport i l’amor de cada dia. Per seguir compartint i sumant. Per caminar junts molt més temps.
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