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Advances in Nuclear Physics ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS VOLUME 27 CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME Stefan Scherer Igal Talmi Institut für Kernphysik The Weizmann Institute of Science Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Rehovot, Israel Mainz, Germany A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS Edited by J. W. Negele Center for Theoretical Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts E. W. Vogt Department of Physics University of British Columbia Vancouver, B.C., Canada VOLUME 27 KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW eBook ISBN: 0-306-47916-8 Print ISBN: 0-306-47708-4 ©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2003 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers New York All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: http://kluweronline.com and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://ebooks.kluweronline.com ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN EARLIER VOLUMES Volume 1 The Reorientation Effect • J. de Boer and J. Eicher The Nuclear Model • M. Harvey The Hartree-Fock Theory of Deformed Light Nuclei • G. Ripka The Statistical Theory of Nuclear Reactions • E. Vogt Three-Particle Scattering—A Review of Recent Work on the Nonrelativistic Theory • I. Duck Volume 2 The Giant Dipole Resonance • B. M. Spicer Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Reactions • C. Glashausser and J. Thirion The Pairing-Plus-Quadrupole Model • D. R. Bes and R. A. Sorensen The Nuclear Potential • P. Signell Muonic Atoms • S. Devons and I. Duerdoth Volume 3 The Nuclear Three-Body Problem • A. N. Mitra The Interactions of Pions with Nuclei • D. S. Koltun Complex Spectroscopy • J. B. French, E. C. Halbert, J. B. McGrory, and S. S. M. Wong Single Nucleon Transfer in Deformed Nuclei • B. Elbeck and P. O. Tjøm Isoscalar Transition Rates in Nuclei from the Reaction • A. M. Bernstein Volume 4 The Investigation of Hole States in Nuclei by Means of Knockout and Other Reactions • Daphne F. Jackson High-Energy Scattering from Nuclei • Wieslaw Czyz Nucleosynthesis by Charged-Particle Reactions • C. A. Barnes Nucleosynthesis and Neutron-Capture Cross Sections • B. J. Allen, J. H. Gibbons, and R. L. Macklin Nuclear Structure Studies in the Z = 50 Region • Elizabeth Urey Baranger An s-d Shell-Model Study for A = 18 – 22 • E. C. Halbert, J. B. McGrory, B. H. Wildenthal, and S. P. Pandy Volume 5 Variational Techniques in the Nuclear Three-Body Problem • L. M. Delves Nuclear Matter Calculations • Donald W. L. Sprung Clustering in Light Nuclei • Akito Arima, Hisashi Horiuchi, Kunihara Kubodera, and Noburu Takigawa v vi Articles Published in Earlier Volumes Volume 6 Nuclear Fission • A. Michaudon The Microscopic Theory of Nuclear Effective Interactions and Operators • Bruce R. Barrett and Michael W. Kirson Two-Neutron Transfer Reactions and the Pairing Model • Ricardo Broglia, Ole Hansen, and Claus Riedel Volume 7 Nucleon-Nucleus Collisions and Intermediate Structure • Aram Mekjian Coulomb Mixing Effects in Nuclei: A Survey Based on Sum Rules • A. M. Lane and A. Z. Mekjian The Beta Strength Function • P. G. Hansen Gamma-Ray Strength Functions • G. A. Bartholemew, E. D. Earle, A. J. Ferguson, J. W. Knowles, and M. A. Lone Volume 8 Strong Interaction in A-Hypernuclei • A. Gal Off-Shell Behavior of the Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction • M. K. Strivastava and D. W. L. Sprung Theoretical and Experimental Determination of Nuclear Charge Distributions • J. L. Friar and J. W. Negele Volume 9 One- and Two-Nucleon Transfer Reactions with Heavy Ions • Sidney Kahana and A. J. Baltz Computational Methods for Shell-Model Calculations • R. R. Whitehead, A. Watt, B. J. Cole, and I. Morrison Radiative Pion Capture in Nuclei • Helmut W. Baer, Kenneth M. Crowe, and Peter Truöl Volume 10 Phenomena in Fast Rotating Heavy Nuclei • R. M. Lieder and H. Ryde Valence and Doorway Mechanisms in Resonance Neutron Capture • B. J. Allen and A. R. de L. Musgrove Lifetime Measurements of Excited Nuclear Levels by Doppler-Shift Methods • T. K. Alexander and J. S. Forster Volume 11 Clustering Phenomena and High-Energy Reactions • V. G Neudatchin, Yu. F. Smirnov, and N. F. Golovanova Pion Production in Proton-Nucleus Collisions • B. Holstad Fourteen Years of Self-Consistent Field Calculations: What Has Been Learned • J. P. Svenne Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov Theory with Applications to Nuclei • Alan L. Goodman Hamiltonian Field Theory for Systems of Nucleons and Mesons • Mark Bolsterli Articles Published in Earlier Volumes vii Volume 12 Hypernetted-Chain Theory of Matter at Zero Temperature • J. G. Zabolitzky Nuclear Transition Density Determinations from Inelastic Electron Scattering • Jochen Heisenberg High-Energy Proton Scattering • Stephen J. Wallace Volume 13 Chiral Symmetry and the Bag Model: A New Starting Point for Nuclear Physics • A. W. Thomas The Interacting Boson Model • A. Arima and F. Iachella High-Energy Nuclear Collisions • S. Nagamiya and M. Gyullasy Volume 14 Single-Particle Properties of Nuclei Through (e, ) Reactions • Salvatore Frullani and Jean Mougey Volume 15 Analytic Insights into Intermediate-Energy Hadron-Nucleus Scattering • R. D. Amado Recent Developments in Quasi-Free Nucleon Scattering • P. Kitching, W. J. McDonald, Th. A. J. Maris, and C. A. Z. Vasconcellos Energetic Particle Emission in Nuclear Reactions • David H. Boal Volume 16 The Relativistic Nuclear Many-Body Problem • Brian Serot and John Dirk Walecka Volume 17 P-Matrix Methods in Hadronic Scattering • B. L. G. Bakker and P. J. Mulders Dibaryon Resonances • M. P. Locher, M. E. Saino, and A. Švarc Skrymions in Nuclear Physics • Ulf-G. Meissner and Ismail Zahed Microscopic Descriptions of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions • Karlheinz Langanke and Harald Friedrich Volume 18 Nuclear Magnetic Properties and Gamow-Teller Transitions • A. Arima, K. Shimizu, W. Bentz, and H. Hyuga Advances in Intermediate-Energy Physics with Polarized Deuterons • J. Arvieux and J. M. Cameron Interaction and the Quest for Baryonium • C. Amsler Radiative Muon Capture and the Weak Pseudoscalar Coupling in Nuclei • M. Gmitro and P. Truöl Introduction to the Weak and Hypoweak Interactions • T. Goldman viii Articles Published in Earlier Volumes Volume 19 Experimental Methods for Studying Nuclear Density Distributions • C. J. Batty, E. Friedman, H. J. Gils, and H. Rebel The Meson Theory of Nuclear Forces and Nuclear Structure • R. Machleidt Volume 20 Single-Particle Motion in Nuclei • C. Mahaux and R. Sartor Relativistic Hamiltonian Dynamics in Nuclear and Particle Physics • B. D. Keister and W. N. Polyzou Volume 21 Multiquark Systems in Hadronic Physics • B. L. G. Bakker and I. M. Narodetskii The Third Generation of Nuclear Physics with the Microscopic Cluster Model • Karlheinz Langanke The Fermion Dynamical Symmetry Model • Cheng-Li Wu, Da Hsuan Feng, and Mike Guidry Volume 22 Nucleon Models • Dan Olof Riska Aspects of Electromagnetic Nuclear Physics and Electroweak Interaction • T. W. Donnelly Color Transparency and Cross-Section Fluctuations in Hadronic Collisions • Gordon Baym Many-Body Methods at Finite Temperature • D. Vautherin Nucleosynthesis in the Big Bang and in the Stars • K. Langanke and C. A. Barnes Volume 23 Light Front Quantization • Matthias Burkardt Nucleon Knockout by Intermediate Energy Electrons • James J. Kelly Volume 24 Nuclear Charge-Exchange Reactions at Intermediate Energy • W. P. Alford and B. M. Spicer Mesonic Contributions to the Spin and Flavor Structure of the Nucleon • J. Speth and A. W. Thomas Muon Catalyzed Fusion: Interplay between Nuclear and Atomic Physics • K. Nagamine and M. Kamimura Volume 25 Chiral Symmetry Restoration and Dileptons in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions • R. Rapp and J. Wambach Fundamental Symmetry Violation in Nuclei • H. Feshbach, M. S. Hussein, A. K. Kerman, and O. K. Vorov Nucleon-Nucleus Scattering: A Microscopic Nonrelativistic Approach • K. Amos, P. J. Dortmans, H. V. von Geramb, S. Karataglidis, and J. Raynal Articles Published in Earlier Volumes ix Volume 26 The Spin Structure of the Nucleon • B. W. Filippone and Xiangdong Ji Liquid-Gas Phase Transition in Nuclear Multifragmentation • S. Das Gupta, A. Z. Mekjian, and M. B. Tsang High Spin Properties of Atomic Nuclei • D. Ward and P. Fallon The Deuteron: Structure and Form Factors • M. Garçon and J. W. Van Orden PREFACE This volume contains two major articles, one providing a historical retrospec- tive of one of the great triumphs of nuclear physics in the twentieth century and the other providing a didactic introduction to one of the quantitative tools for understanding strong interactions in the twenty-first century. The article by Igal Talmi on “Fifty Years of the Shell Model – the Quest for the Effective Interaction”, pertains to a model that has dominated nuclear physics since its infancy and that developed with astonishing results over the next five decades. Talmi is uniquely positioned to trace the history of the Shell Model. He was active in developing the ideas at the shell model’s inception, he has been central in most of the subsequent initiatives which expanded, clar- ified and applied the shell model and he has remained active in the field to the present time. Wisely, he has chosen to restrict his review to the dominat- ing issue: the choice of the effective interactions among valence nucleons that determine the properties of low lying nuclear energy levels. The treatment of the subject is both bold and novel for our series. The ideas pertaining to the effective interaction for the shell model are elucidated in a historical sequence. In a massive article, which will be valued both for its completeness and its sound judgment of the various contributions to the subject, Talmi succeeds without use of a single figure comparing model re- sults with each other or with experimental data.
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