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Vol. 22 - Comoros
Marubeni Research Institute 2016/09/02 Sub -Saharan Report Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the focal regions of Global Challenge 2015. These reports are by Mr. Kenshi Tsunemine, an expatriate employee working in Johannesburg with a view across the region. Vol. 22 - Comoros June 10, 2016 It was well known that Marilyn Monroe wore Chanel No. 5 perfume when she went to bed. Did you know that Chanel No. 5’s essence (essential oils) comes from the flower called ylang-ylang, which is found in the African country of Comoros? Comoros is also where the so-called “living fossils”, a rare pre-historic species of fish called coelacanths, discovered in 1938 in South Africa after having thought to be extinct, are mostly found. So this time I would like to introduce the country of Comoros, fascinating like Marilyn Monroe and a little mysterious like the coelacanths. Table 1: Comoros Country Information The Union of the Comoros is an archipelago island nation located off the coast of East Africa east of Mozambique and northwest from Madagascar. 4 main islands make up the Comoros archipelago, Grande Comore, Moheli, Anjouan and Mayotte, with Grande Comore, Moheli, and Anjouan forming the Union of Comoros and Mayotte falling under French jurisdiction as an ‘overseas department” or region. The population of the 3 islands making up the Union of the Comoros is about 800,000, while their total land area comes to 2,236 square kilometers, about the same land size as Tokyo, which makes it quite a small country. Nominal GDP is roughly $600 million, which is second from the bottom among the 45 sub-Saharan African countries, just above Sao Tome and Principe, and its population is the 5th lowest (note 1). -
Formal Name: Union of the Comoros Short Name: Comoros Adjective: Comoran Capital: Moroni Government: Republic LAS Member Since: November 20Th, 1993
Formal Name: Union of the Comoros Short Name: Comoros Adjective: Comoran Capital: Moroni Government: Republic LAS Member since: November 20th, 1993 DEMOGRAPHICS Ethnicity Groups: Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Independence Day: Oimatsaha, Sakalava July 6, 1975 Religions: Muslim 98%, Roman Catholic 2% Total Area: Languages: Arabic (official), French (official), 2,235 km² Shikomoro Population: Life Expectancy: 63.48 years 766,865 Median Age: 19.2 years Sex Ratio: 0.94 male/female Gross Domestic Product: Literacy Rate: 75.5% $911 million Military Spending: ECONOMY NA% of GDP Labor Force: 233,500 Unemployment Rate: 20% Poverty Rate: 60% Inflation: 2.5% Exports: $19.7 million (vanilla, ylang -ylang, cloves, copra) Imports: $208.8 million (rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods, petroleum products, cement, transport equipment) 1912 Comoros becomes a French colony 1947 Comoros given representation in the French parliament 1961 Comoros given autonomy from France 1974 3 islands vote for independence; Mayotte votes to stay with France 1975 Comoros unilaterally declares independence, with Ahmed Abdallah as President Abdallah replaced by Prince Sai Mohammed Jaffar through coup 1976 Ali Soilih takes power, pushing for a secular, socialist republic 1978 Soilih toppled, Abdallah is restored to power 1990 Said Mohamed Djohar elected President 1996 Mohamed Abdulkarim Taki elected President; drafts a constitution establishing Islam as the basis of law 1997 The islands of Anjouan and Moheli declare independence from the Comoros 1998 Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde -
Towards a More United & Prosperous Union of Comoros
TOWARDS A MORE UNITED & PROSPEROUS Public Disclosure Authorized UNION OF COMOROS Systematic Country Diagnostic Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS i CPIA Country Policy and Institutional Assessment CSOs Civil Society Organizations DeMPA Debt Management Performance Assessment DPO Development Policy Operation ECP Economic Citizenship Program EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EU European Union FDI Foreign Direct Investment GDP Gross Domestic Product GNI Gross National Income HCI Human Capital Index HDI Human Development Index ICT Information and Communication Technologies IDA International Development Association IFC International Finance Corporation IMF International Monetary Fund INRAPE National Institute for Research on Agriculture, Fisheries, and the Environment LICs Low-income Countries MDGs Millennium Development Goals MIDA Migration for Development in Africa MSME Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises NGOs Non-profit Organizations PEFA Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability PPP Public/Private Partnerships R&D Research and Development SADC Southern African Development Community SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SOEs State-Owned Enterprises SSA Sub-Saharan Africa TFP Total Factor Productivity WDI World Development Indicators WTTC World Travel & Tourism Council ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank members of the Comoros Country Team from all Global Practices of the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation, as well as the many stakeholders in Comoros (government authorities, think tanks, academia, and civil society organizations, other development partners), who have contributed to the preparation of this document in a strong collaborative process (see Annex 1). We are grateful for their inputs, knowledge and advice. This report has been prepared by a team led by Carolin Geginat (Program Leader EFI, AFSC2) and Jose Luis Diaz Sanchez (Country Economist, GMTA4). -
Appendix I: Acronyms
Appendix I: Acronyms AAF-SAP African Alternative Framework to Structural Adjustment Programmes AAPC All-African Peoples Conference AAPSO Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization ACP Group African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group ADB African Development Bank ADP agricultural development program AEF Afrique Equatoriale Fran~aise (French Equatorial Africa) AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ANC African National Congress AOF Afrique Occidentale Fran~aise (French West Africa) APEC Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation AZAPO Azanian Peoples' Organization AZASO Azanian Students' Organization BCM Black Consciousness Movement BOSS Bureau of State Security CC Chama Cha Mapinduzi CEAO Economic Community of West Africa CFA African Financial Community CIA Central Intelligence Agency CIAS Conference of Independent African States CIEC Conference on International Economic Cooperation CODES A Convention for a Democratic South Africa COMECON Council for Mutual Economic Assistance COSAG Concerned South Africans Group 499 500 Acronyms COSAS Congress of South African Students COSATU Congress of South African Trade Unions CPP Convention People's party CUSA Council of Unions of South Africa DAC Development Assistance Committee DFI direct foreign investment DROC Democratic Republic of Congo, typically referred to as Congo, or Congo-Kinshasa EAC East African Community ECA Economic Commission for Africa ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States ECOMOG ECOWAS Cease-Fire Monitoring Group ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EDF European Development -
Potential Discoveries of Hydrocarbons in the Comoros : from an Economy of Ylang-Ylang to an Oil Based Economy ?
2016 54 – novembre NAP n° NOTE D’ANALYSE POLITIQUE POTENTIAL DISCOVERIES OF HYDROCARBONS IN THE COMOROS : FROM AN ECONOMY OF YLANG-YLANG TO AN OIL BASED ECONOMY ? Naïda Essiane Ango Naïda Essiane Ango holds a Masters Degree in Geopolitics and International Security from the Institut Catholique de Paris (ICP), France. She did her Master thesis on the Recent discoveries of offshore oil and gas in the Mozambique Channel : Development opportunities or destabilizing factors of a troubled region? Before her masters, she worked for more than two years as the Secretary General of a Non Governmental Organization advocating a positive and sustainable peace in the Comoros. She is also trained by the Eastern Africa Standby Force (EASFCOM) on child protection in armed conflict and on conflict management and peacebuilding. Expertise : Natural resources management, political and security issues in the Mozambique Channel, disarmament, women’s participation in peace negotiations, development. Institut de Recherche et d’Enseignement sur la Paix www.thinkingafrica.org • [email protected] ABSTRACT – The Comorian State lacks preparation in the This paper attempts to examine the consequences management of extractive activities. Up to until now, of the discovery of hydrocarbon deposits in the Union of no autonomous organization has been created to the Comoros. It seeks to know if such a country, which involve all the actors of the society to think about this is marked by an economy of ylang ylang and clove, new activity. can turn to an oil based economy. It aims to highlight – The Comorian State must therefore inform its the difficulties encountered by rulers and the challen- population and take the necessary measures to ges they will have to face to build conditions favorable ensure an equitable sharing of the oil rent. -
2000 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 23, 2001
Comoros Page 1 of 9 Comoros Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 23, 2001 The Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros is ruled by Colonel Azali Assoumani, who took power in a coup in April 1999. The country consists of three islands (Grande Comore, Anjouan, and Moheli) and claims a fourth, Mayotte, which is governed by France. Comoros has been prone to coups and political insurrection since independence in 1975. In April 1999, army commander Colonel Azali staged a bloodless coup and overthrew President Tadjiddine Ben Said Massounde, the Interim President who had held office since the death of democratically elected President Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim in November 1998. In December 1999, in response to international criticism, Azali appointed a civilian prime minister, Bianrifi Tarmidi; however, Azali remains the Head of State and army Commander in Chief. When he took power, Azali said that he would step down on April 14 and relinguish power to a democratically elected president, but by year's end, he had not done so. In May 1999, Azali decreed a Constitution that gave him both executive and legislative powers. In August Azali organized a national congress in response to pressure from his political supporters to restore civilian rule. Opposition parties boycotted the National Congress, but pro-Azali parties participated. The Congress agreed on a new constitution in which Azali would remain Head of State, but daily government administration would be handled by the civilian Prime Minister and the Council of State, which would act as both a legislature and constituent assembly. -
Problems and Prospects of a Small, Island Economy Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
A WORLD BANK COUNTRY STUDY PUB-1626 Public Disclosure Authorized THE COMOROS Problems and Prospects of a Small, Island Economy Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized JULY 1979 THE COMOROS Problems and Prospects of a Small, Island Economy This report is based on the findings of a missionto the Comoros in November /December, 1976 consisting of: Messrs. P. Landell-Mills, chief of mission M. Ragno, general economist The report also incorporates the findings of a transport sector mission led by: Ms. F. Johansen, transport economist and including: Messrs. G. Orsini, road engineer D. Raymond, port specialist which visited the Comoros in March 1977. The report was revised for publication on the basis of discussionswith the Comorian gov- ernment and an economic review in December 1978 by Mr. S. Rahim. Eastern Africa Regional Office The World Bank Washington, D.C., U.S.A. The World Bank issues country economic studies in two series. This report is a working document and is, as such, part of an informal series based wholly on materials originally prepared for restricted use within the Bank. The text is not meant to be definitive, but is offered so as to make some results of internal research widely available to scholars and practitioners tbroughout the world. A second, morc formal series entitled World Bank Country Economic Reports is published for the Bank by The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London. Titles of these and all other Bank publications may be found in the Catalog of Publications, which is available free of chargefrom World Bank, Publications Unit, 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. -
Disk-. GENERAL ENGLISH ORIGINA,L
Disk-. GENERAL ENGLISH ORIGINA,L: ENGLISH/FRENCH LETTER DATED 7 MAY 1979 FROM THE PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF BE!\IIN TO THE UNITED NATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL On instructions from my Government, I have the honour to transmit to you herewith a copy of a press release dated 4 April 1979 and an article by Jon Bradshaw concerning the French mercenary Bob Denard, alias Colonel "laurin, alias Gilbert Bourgeaud. Jon Bradshaw's article, which appeared in the 27 March 1979 issue of Esquire magazine, throws new light on the sinister career of this mercenary who led the armed aggression of Sunday, 16 January 19’77, against the People's Republic of Benin. In the context of the complaint by Benin, which is still before the Security Council, I have the honour to request that the press release, together with the article by Jon Bradshaw, be issued as a Security Council document. (Sipned)1-.- Thomas S. BOYA W-12761 s/13304, English Annex I Page 1 Annex I Press release dated 4 April 1979 of the Permanent Mission of the People's Republic of Benin The sinister career of a French mercenary who is on the wanted list in Africa: Gilbert Bourgeaud, alias Colonel Maurin, alias Bob Denard. On 16 January 1977, the people of Benin were the victims of an act of aggression carried out by a gang of mercenaries which was armed to the teeth and led by a French mercenary known as Colonel Maurin, alias Gilbert Bourgeaud, alias Bob Denard. The humiliating defeat of these mercenaries of international imperialism and their utter rout continue to provide numerous experts with material for analysis and research. -
Prevention of Secessionist Movements in a Micro-State: International Mediation in the Comoro Islands
Original publication: Alwahti, Ali Y. Prevention of Secessionist Movements in a Micro-State: International Mediation in the Comoro Islands. Swords and Ploughshares: A Journal of International Affairs 13(1): 65- 83, 2003. Prevention of Secessionist Movements in a Micro-State: The International Mediation in the Comoro Islands By Ali Y. Alwahti Several events that shaped the future of many countries around the world occurred in 1975. In South-East Asia, for example, Indonesia led a military occupation of an island that later became the independent nation of East-Timor. In Europe, Spain decided to withdraw from Western Sahara, a move that started one of the longest conflicts in Africa. Against the backdrop of a burgeoning wave of independence that characterized Africa in the 1960-1970 period, the Comoro Islands unilaterally declared its independence from France on July 6, 1975. The 1970s were also, for Africa, the years of growing political and ideological struggles against the backdrop of the Cold War, and the collapse of the European colonial empires. From East to West Africa, the United States and the Soviet Union exercised their influence toward African nations such as Somalia and Liberia to demonstrate their power and protect their interests. European empires, for their part, consolidated their postindependence influence over their former colonies. While Great Britain designed political and economic frameworks in its former colonial territories, for example in Sierra Leone, France initiated a post-colonial framework that became the seeds for protracted conflicts in some of its former colonies. The “incomplete” independence of the Comoros is a good illustration. Consequent to the referendum on independence held in 1974 in the Comoros, France decided to “keep” Mayotte, the fourth island that composes the Comoros. -
Pays 1. Samir Mohamed Hassani Paris
Signataires de la pétition en ligne « pour une fourniture régulière d’eau et d’électricité » Nom – Prénom Ville – Pays 1. Samir Mohamed Hassani Paris - France 2. Abdallah-Ben Ayed Ouani-Comores 3. Mourtadhoi Mary-Justine Paris-France 4. Dahalani Hania Moroni-Comores 5. Mihidjay-Barbara Bonneuil Sur Marne-France 6. Bacari Sitti-Hissani Aix-En-Provence - France 7. Soilihi A.R. Saber Itsandra, Comores 8. Med Djalim Saandiat Maroc 9. Soilihi Abdourahmane Uae- Abu Dhabi 10. Abdallah Naimane Rabat - Maroc 11. Mohamed Youssouf Oussivo 12. Hassani Amir Itsandzeni Hamahamet Comores 13. Omar Zainab Paris France 14. Abdallah Paris 15. Said Amine Ntsoudjini- Comores 16. Mhadji I. Fahmi Chouani-Comores 17. Tabibou Arfata Paris-France 18. Siradjiddine Said Massonde Nanterre - France Signataires de la pétition en ligne « pour une fourniture régulière d’eau et d’électricité » 19. Msaidie Nawal Moroni-Comores 20. Antuf Chaharane Paris France 21. Mbae Nairate Chatenay Malabry-France 22. Djaloud Mohamed Moumini Moroni-Comores 23. Abdoulkarim Hanaa Marseille France 24. Soidiki Abdou Paris France 25. Nassur Ali Mohamed La Seyne-Sur-Mer, France 26. Said Mahamoud Paris France 27. Mohamed Djamila Comores 28. Fatoumiya Mouezi Marseille - France 29. Said Habibi Husni Marseille - France 30. Adam Chabani Dakar Sénégal 31. Nassur Fahar Orléans France 32. Ahmed Hafsoit Moroni Comores 33. Abderemane Said Mohamed Iconi Comores 34. Idriss Mohamed Mitsamihuli Comores 35. Ali Myad Maisons-Alfort France 36. Youssouf Moussa Youssrat Liège-Belgique 37. Mohamed Djelane Yakina Moroni-Comores 38. Ahmed Sidi Djaoudat KéNitra- Maroc Signataires de la pétition en ligne « pour une fourniture régulière d’eau et d’électricité » 39. -
Les Comores Et La Démocratie
LES COMORES ET LA DE~~K.CRATIE Les Comores et la démocratie ’ARCHIPEL des Comores certains l’assimilent moins à un L accède à l’indépendance en phénomène de démocratisation 1975 à l’exception de l’île de qu’à une (( situation d’anarchie )). Mayotte. Durant plusieurs siècles, Dans l’esprit de cet article, il ces îles étaient sous le contrôle de s’agit bien d’un processus original quelques familles sultanesques, sur- de démocratisation. Ainsi, nous tout à Anjouan. Tout comme le allons passer en revue les différents régime sultanesque, l’organisation régimes et mettre en lumière leurs de la vie sur l’ensemble de ces îles, apports au processus de démocrati- qui est de type communautaire sation en cours. Nous soulèverons basée sur la famille élargie et le vil- dans un deuxième temps certaines lage, survivra à la colonisation fian- questions que ce processus impose çaise. aux politistes. Au lendemain de L’indépen- dance, Ahmed Abdallah est ren- versé par un coup d’Etat dirigé par Le régime révolutionnaire Ali Soilih qui instaure un régime d’Ali Soilih révolutionnaire. Ce demier va pen- dant deux ans et demi s’attaquer à Une politique volontariste la bourgeoisie locale pour imposer un nouvel ordre politique. Ce pas- La lutte contre les dépenses sage éphémère de la révolution a ostentatoires liées aux coutumes indirectement contribué au déclen- locales, le charlatanisme, le chô- chement d’un processus interne de mage, la corruption, les inégalités démocratisation. Le retour pendant sociales et l’inapplication de la loi, une dizaine d’années d’un régime marque fortement le programme (( sultanesque )), dirigé par Ahmed politique du nouveau régime. -
Coastal Livelihoods in the Union of Comoros General Introduction
COASTAL LIVELIHOODS IN THE UNION OF COMOROS GENERAL INTRODUCTION The Agulhas and Somali Current Large Marine Ecosystems (ASCLME) project is focused on the two large marine ecosystems of the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region, covering nine countries that are directly influenced by these current systems. It is estimated that at least fifty-six million people are reliant either directly or indirectly on the goods and services provided by these two current systems. The ASCLME project aims to support these countries in their efforts to collectively manage the marine resources on which their people and economies depend. Fisheries and other key coastal activities, including various forms of tourism, aquaculture, shipping and coastal transport, the energy sector, agriculture and forestry, are very important contributors to the economies of the countries of the WIO. In recognition of the complexity and importance of these activities, a Coastal Livelihoods Assessment (CLA) component was developed for the ASCLME project. The CLA component had three main objectives: • to collect as much existing information as possible about the main coastal activities in the nine participating countries as a contribution to the national Marine Ecosystem Diagnostic Analyses (MEDAs); • to make input into ensuring that this information is stored and organised in a manner that will allow easy access and maximum utility to multiple stakeholders, both during and after the lifetime of the ASCLME Project; • to review and sythesise the information collected in order to provide useful inputs to the TDA and SAP processes. In order to achieve these objectives, the CLA component was separated into three distinct phases, with the first phase kicking off in May 2009.