DOCSLIB.ORG

Tanzania Comoros

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

COUNTRY REPORT Tanzania Comoros 3rd quarter 1997 The Economist Intelligence Unit 15 Regent Street, London SW1Y 4LR United Kingdom The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit is a specialist publisher serving companies establishing and managing operations across national borders. For over 50 years it has been a source of information on business developments, economic and political trends, government regulations and corporate practice worldwide. The EIU delivers its information in four ways: through subscription products ranging from newsletters to annual reference works; through specific research reports, whether for general release or for particular clients; through electronic publishing; and by organising conferences and roundtables. The firm is a member of The Economist Group. London New York Hong Kong The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit 15 Regent Street The Economist Building 25/F, Dah Sing Financial Centre London 111 West 57th Street 108 Gloucester Road SW1Y 4LR New York Wanchai United Kingdom NY 10019, USA Hong Kong Tel: (44.171) 830 1000 Tel: (1.212) 554 0600 Tel: (852) 2802 7288 Fax: (44.171) 499 9767 Fax: (1.212) 586 1181/2 Fax: (852) 2802 7638 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.eiu.com Electronic delivery EIU Electronic Publishing New York: Lou Celi or Lisa Hennessey Tel: (1.212) 554 0600 Fax: (1.212) 586 0248 London: Moya Veitch Tel: (44.171) 830 1007 Fax: (44.171) 830 1023 This publication is available on the following electronic and other media: Online databases CD-ROM Microfilm FT Profile (UK) Knight-Ridder Information World Microfilms Publications (UK) Tel: (44.171) 825 8000 Inc (USA) Tel: (44.171) 266 2202 DIALOG (USA) SilverPlatter (USA) Tel: (1.415) 254 7000 LEXIS-NEXIS (USA) Tel: (1.800) 227 4908 M.A.I.D/Profound (UK) Tel: (44.171) 930 6900 Copyright © 1997 The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited. All rights reserved. Neither this publication nor any part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited. All information in this report is verified to the best of the author’s and the publisher’s ability. However, the EIU does not accept responsibility for any loss arising from reliance on it. ISSN 0969-6776 Symbols for tables “n/a” means not available; “–” means not applicable Printed and distributed by Redhouse Press Ltd, Unit 151, Dartford Trade Park, Dartford, Kent DA1 1QB, UK 1 Contents 3 Summary Tanzania 4 Political structure 5 Economic structure 6 Outlook for 1997-98 9 Review 9 The political scene 11 The economy 12 Finance 14 Agriculture 16 Mining 16 Energy and water 17 Tourism and transport 18 Foreign trade, aid and payments Comoros 20 Political structure 21 Economic structure 22 Outlook for 1997-98 23 Review 23 The political scene 28 The economy 30 Foreign trade and payments 31 Quarterly indicators and trade data List of tables 8 Tanzania: forecast summary (domestic) 8 Tanzania: forecast summary (external) 13 Tanzania: Union government recurrent budget 14 Tanzania: world coffee stocks and prices, 1997 15 Tanzania: cash crop purchases 18 Tanzania: foreign reserves, Jun 31 Tanzania: quarterly indicators of economic activity 31 Comoros: quarterly indicators of economic activity 32 Tanzania: foreign trade 33 Tanzania: UK trade 33 Comoros: foreign trade 34 Comoros: French trade EIU Country Report 3rd quarter 1997 © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 1997 2 List of figures 9 Tanzania: gross domestic product 9 Tanzania: Tanzanian shilling real exchange rates 13 Tanzania: government recurrent budget trends 22 Comoros: gross domestic product 22 Comoros: Comorean franc real exchange rates EIU Country Report 3rd quarter 1997 © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 1997 3 August 20, 1997 Summary 3rd quarter 1997 Tanzania Outlook for 1997-98: Tensions will continue to mount in Zanzibar as long as the government refuses to annul the controversial 1995 presidential election. If the president, Benjamin Mkapa, fails to take decisive action on the issue, he risks alienating international donors, who have intimated that a resolution to the impasse may soon become a condition of further development assistance. Continued unfavourable weather conditions will depress real GDP growth in 1997 and 1998, although strong growth in the industrial sector is anticipated. Review: A second report has been published by the Warioba commission on corruption. The NCCR has accused several prominent government figures of graft. The ruling CCM has been accused of accepting donations from inter- national drug-traffickers in return for allowing freer movement of drugs through Zanzibar. The Zanzibari government has raised the minimum wage by 33%. Year-on-year inflation fell to 17.2% in April. The UN World Food Programme has warned of migrations to urban centres due to food shortages, and of a possible famine in the coming months. Coffee exports have fallen, and cut flower exports have boomed. Mr Yona presented a sound if optimistic budget to parliament in June, setting stringent revenue and expenditure targets and slash- ing the rate of corporate tax to 30%. The government has signed a $50m mining contract with foreign firms for gold prospecting. There has been further squab- bling between the country’s two main air carriers. Foreign exchange reserves soared to $460m in June. Comoros Outlook for 1997-98: The president, Mohamed Taki Abdulkarim, is unlikely to grant independence to the islands of Anjouan and Mohéli, but faces difficult bargaining with separatists, who have appealed to France to be reunited with their former coloniser. Unless the government meets tough macroeconomic targets, it will probably fail to qualify for an ESAF from the IMF. Review: Mr Taki has tried to mend relations with the opposition in a bid to widen his support base. The Islamist FNJ party has become increasingly popular, appealing to Comorians’ disdain for rampant government corruption by pro- moting traditional Islamic values. Mr Taki has held talks with leaders of several Gulf Arab states to try to increase aid inflows. Comoros has dropped plans for a scheme to offer nationality to Hong Kong Chinese citizens. Investigations into the mismanagement of public funds has led to one arrest and several detentions. Attempts by Anjouanais to cross the ocean to the French collectivité territoriale of Mayotte have risen sharply. Anjouan and Mohéli have declared inde- pendence and have asked to be reabsorbed under French rule. The government has undershot several key macroeconomic targets set by the IMF. The financing requirement for 1997/98 is estimated at Cfr380m. The value of exports plum- meted by 42.5% in 1996 due to lower prices for key cash crops. Editor: Noah Beckwith All queries: Tel: (44.171) 830 1007 Fax: (44.171) 830 1023 EIU Country Report 3rd quarter 1997 © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 1997 4 Tanzania Tanzania Political structure Official name United Republic of Tanzania Form of state Republic, formed by the 1964 union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar Legal system Based on English common law, the 1977 Union and 1985 Zanzibari constitutions, as amended National legislature National Assembly, comprising 269 members (232 directly elected and 37 women appointed); elected members are chosen by Union-wide adult suffrage every five years; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives of 59 members (nine women appointees), which legislates on internal matters National elections October-November 1995 (legislative and presidential); next elections due 2000 (legislative and presidential) Head of state President, elected by universal adult suffrage every five years National government The president, vice-president and Council of Ministers; last reshuffle February 1997 Main political parties The ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM); Civic United Front (CUF); National Convention for Construction and Reform (NCCR-Mageuzi); United Democratic Party (UDP); Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) President Benjamin Mkapa Vice-president Omar Ali Juma Prime minister Frederick Sumaye Key ministers Agriculture & cooperatives Paul Kimiti Communications & transport William Kusila Community development, women’s affairs & children Mary Nagu Defence Edgar Majogo Education Juma Kapuya Energy & minerals Abdallah Kigoda Finance & planning Daniel Yona Foreign affairs Jakaya Kikwete Health Aaron Chiduo Home affairs Ali Ameir Mohammed Industry & trade William Shija Justice & constitutional affairs Bakari Mwapachu Labour & youth development Sebastian Kinyondo Lands, housing & urban development Gideon Cheyo Natural resources & tourism Zakia Meghji Science, technology & higher education Jackson Makweta Water & livestock development Pius Ng’wandu Works Anna Abdallah Central bank governor Idris Rashid EIU Country Report 3rd quarter 1997 © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 1997 Tanzania 5 Economic structure Latest available figures Economic indicators 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 GDP at market pricesa TSh bn 1,131 1,404 1,823 2,395 n/a Real GDP growtha % 3.8 3.9 3.0 4.5 4.7 Consumer price inflationa % 21.8 25.3 33.0 29.8 19.6 Population m 27.2 28.0 28.8 29.7b 30.6b Exports fob $ m 400 439 519 683 762 Imports cif $ m 1,510 1,465 1,505 1,541 1,394 Current account $ m –704 –770 –681 –629 –575b Reserves excl gold $ m 327.3 203.3 332.1 270.2 440.1 Total external debt $
Recommended publications
  • By Martin Sturmer First Published by Ndanda Mission Press 1998 ISBN 9976 63 592 3 Revised Edition 2008 Document Provided by Afrika.Info

    By Martin Sturmer First Published by Ndanda Mission Press 1998 ISBN 9976 63 592 3 Revised Edition 2008 Document Provided by Afrika.Info

    THE MEDIA HISTORY OF TANZANIA by Martin Sturmer first published by Ndanda Mission Press 1998 ISBN 9976 63 592 3 revised edition 2008 document provided by afrika.info I Preface The media industry in Tanzania has gone through four major phases. There were the German colonial media established to serve communication interests (and needs) of the German administration. By the same time, missionaries tried to fulfil their tasks by editing a number of papers. There were the media of the British administration established as propaganda tool to support the colonial regime, and later the nationalists’ media established to agitate for self-governance and respect for human rights. There was the post colonial phase where the then socialist regime of independent Tanzania sought to „Tanzanianize“ the media - the aim being to curb opposition and foster development of socialistic principles. There was the transition phase where both economic and political changes world-wide had necessitated change in the operation of the media industry. This is the phase when a private and independent press was established in Tanzania. Martin Sturmer goes through all these phases and comprehensively brings together what we have not had in Tanzania before: A researched work of the whole media history in Tanzania. Understanding media history in any society is - in itself - understanding a society’s political, economic and social history. It is due to this fact then, that we in Tanzania - particularly in the media industry - find it plausible to have such a work at this material time. This publication will be very helpful especially to students of journalism, media organs, university scholars, various researchers and even the general public.
  • Vol. 22 - Comoros

    Vol. 22 - Comoros

    Marubeni Research Institute 2016/09/02 Sub -Saharan Report Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the focal regions of Global Challenge 2015. These reports are by Mr. Kenshi Tsunemine, an expatriate employee working in Johannesburg with a view across the region. Vol. 22 - Comoros June 10, 2016 It was well known that Marilyn Monroe wore Chanel No. 5 perfume when she went to bed. Did you know that Chanel No. 5’s essence (essential oils) comes from the flower called ylang-ylang, which is found in the African country of Comoros? Comoros is also where the so-called “living fossils”, a rare pre-historic species of fish called coelacanths, discovered in 1938 in South Africa after having thought to be extinct, are mostly found. So this time I would like to introduce the country of Comoros, fascinating like Marilyn Monroe and a little mysterious like the coelacanths. Table 1: Comoros Country Information The Union of the Comoros is an archipelago island nation located off the coast of East Africa east of Mozambique and northwest from Madagascar. 4 main islands make up the Comoros archipelago, Grande Comore, Moheli, Anjouan and Mayotte, with Grande Comore, Moheli, and Anjouan forming the Union of Comoros and Mayotte falling under French jurisdiction as an ‘overseas department” or region. The population of the 3 islands making up the Union of the Comoros is about 800,000, while their total land area comes to 2,236 square kilometers, about the same land size as Tokyo, which makes it quite a small country. Nominal GDP is roughly $600 million, which is second from the bottom among the 45 sub-Saharan African countries, just above Sao Tome and Principe, and its population is the 5th lowest (note 1).
  • Comoros Mission Notes

    Comoros Mission Notes

    Peacekeeping_4.qxd 1/14/07 2:29 PM Page 109 4.5 Comoros The 2006 elections in the Union of the support for a solution that preserves the coun- Comoros marked an important milestone in the try’s unity. After Anjouan separatists rejected peace process on the troubled archipelago. New an initial deal in 1999, the OAU, under South union president Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed African leadership, threatened sanctions and Sambi won 58 percent of the vote in elections, military action if the island continued to pur- described by the African Union as free and fair, sue secession. All parties eventually acceded and took over on 27 May 2006, in the islands’ to the 2001 Fomboni Accords, which provided first peaceful leadership transition since 1975. for a referendum on a new constitution in The AU Mission for Support to the Elections in advance of national elections. the Comoros (AMISEC), a short-term mission The core of the current deal is a federated devoted to the peaceful conduct of the elections, structure, giving each island substantial auton- withdrew from Comoros at the end of May, hav- omy and a turn at the presidency of the union, ing been declared a success by the AU and the which rotates every four years. Presidential Comorian government. The Comoros comprises three islands: Grande Comore (including the capital, Moroni), Anjouan, and Moheli. Following independ- ence from France in 1975, the country experi- enced some twenty coups in its first twenty- five years; meanwhile, Comoros slid ever deeper into poverty, and efforts at administra- tive centralization met with hostility, fueling calls for secession and/or a return to French rule in Anjouan and Moheli.
  • Formal Name: Union of the Comoros Short Name: Comoros Adjective: Comoran Capital: Moroni Government: Republic LAS Member Since: November 20Th, 1993

    Formal Name: Union of the Comoros Short Name: Comoros Adjective: Comoran Capital: Moroni Government: Republic LAS Member Since: November 20Th, 1993

    Formal Name: Union of the Comoros Short Name: Comoros Adjective: Comoran Capital: Moroni Government: Republic LAS Member since: November 20th, 1993 DEMOGRAPHICS Ethnicity Groups: Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Independence Day: Oimatsaha, Sakalava July 6, 1975 Religions: Muslim 98%, Roman Catholic 2% Total Area: Languages: Arabic (official), French (official), 2,235 km² Shikomoro Population: Life Expectancy: 63.48 years 766,865 Median Age: 19.2 years Sex Ratio: 0.94 male/female Gross Domestic Product: Literacy Rate: 75.5% $911 million Military Spending: ECONOMY NA% of GDP Labor Force: 233,500 Unemployment Rate: 20% Poverty Rate: 60% Inflation: 2.5% Exports: $19.7 million (vanilla, ylang -ylang, cloves, copra) Imports: $208.8 million (rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods, petroleum products, cement, transport equipment) 1912 Comoros becomes a French colony 1947 Comoros given representation in the French parliament 1961 Comoros given autonomy from France 1974 3 islands vote for independence; Mayotte votes to stay with France 1975 Comoros unilaterally declares independence, with Ahmed Abdallah as President Abdallah replaced by Prince Sai Mohammed Jaffar through coup 1976 Ali Soilih takes power, pushing for a secular, socialist republic 1978 Soilih toppled, Abdallah is restored to power 1990 Said Mohamed Djohar elected President 1996 Mohamed Abdulkarim Taki elected President; drafts a constitution establishing Islam as the basis of law 1997 The islands of Anjouan and Moheli declare independence from the Comoros 1998 Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde
  • Towards a More United & Prosperous Union of Comoros

    Towards a More United & Prosperous Union of Comoros

    TOWARDS A MORE UNITED & PROSPEROUS Public Disclosure Authorized UNION OF COMOROS Systematic Country Diagnostic Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS i CPIA Country Policy and Institutional Assessment CSOs Civil Society Organizations DeMPA Debt Management Performance Assessment DPO Development Policy Operation ECP Economic Citizenship Program EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EU European Union FDI Foreign Direct Investment GDP Gross Domestic Product GNI Gross National Income HCI Human Capital Index HDI Human Development Index ICT Information and Communication Technologies IDA International Development Association IFC International Finance Corporation IMF International Monetary Fund INRAPE National Institute for Research on Agriculture, Fisheries, and the Environment LICs Low-income Countries MDGs Millennium Development Goals MIDA Migration for Development in Africa MSME Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises NGOs Non-profit Organizations PEFA Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability PPP Public/Private Partnerships R&D Research and Development SADC Southern African Development Community SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SOEs State-Owned Enterprises SSA Sub-Saharan Africa TFP Total Factor Productivity WDI World Development Indicators WTTC World Travel & Tourism Council ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank members of the Comoros Country Team from all Global Practices of the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation, as well as the many stakeholders in Comoros (government authorities, think tanks, academia, and civil society organizations, other development partners), who have contributed to the preparation of this document in a strong collaborative process (see Annex 1). We are grateful for their inputs, knowledge and advice. This report has been prepared by a team led by Carolin Geginat (Program Leader EFI, AFSC2) and Jose Luis Diaz Sanchez (Country Economist, GMTA4).
  • TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2012: Transparency with Impunity?

    TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2012: Transparency with Impunity?

    TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2012: Transparency with Impunity? TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2012: Transparency with Impunity? With Partial Support from a TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2012: Transparency with Impunity? ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This review was compiled and edited by Tanzania Development Research Group (TADREG) under the supervision of the Steering Group of Policy Forum members, and has been financially supported in part by Water Aid in Tanzania and Policy Forum core funders. The cartoons were drawn by Adam Lutta Published 2013 For more information and to order copies of the review please contact: Policy Forum P.O Box 38486 Dar es Salaam Tel: +255 22 2780200 Website: www.policyforum.or.tz Email: [email protected] ISBN: 978-9987 -708-09-3 © Policy Forum The conclusions drawn and views expressed on the basis of the data and analysis presented in this review do not necessarily reflect those of Policy Forum. Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this review, including allegations. Nevertheless, Policy Forum cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the contents. Whereas any part of this review may be reproduced providing it is properly sourced, Policy Forum cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts. Designed by: Jamana Printers b TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2012: Transparency with Impunity? TABLE OF CONTENTS POLICY FORUM’s OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................
  • Tanzania Human Rights Report 2008

    Tanzania Human Rights Report 2008

    Legal and Human Rights Centre Tanzania Human Rights Report 2008: Progress through Human Rights Funded By; Embassy of Finland Embassy of Norway Embassy of Sweden Ford Foundation Oxfam-Novib Trocaire Foundation for Civil Society i Tanzania Human Rights Report 2008 Editorial Board Francis Kiwanga (Adv.) Helen Kijo-Bisimba Prof. Chris Maina Peter Richard Shilamba Harold Sungusia Rodrick Maro Felista Mauya Researchers Godfrey Mpandikizi Stephen Axwesso Laetitia Petro Writers Clarence Kipobota Sarah Louw Publisher Legal and Human Rights Centre LHRC, April 2009 ISBN: 978-9987-432-74-5 ii Acknowledgements We would like to recognize the immense contribution of several individuals, institutions, governmental departments, and non-governmental organisations. The information they provided to us was invaluable to the preparation of this report. We are also grateful for the great work done by LHRC employees Laetitia Petro, Richard Shilamba, Godfrey Mpandikizi, Stephen Axwesso, Mashauri Jeremiah, Ally Mwashongo, Abuu Adballah and Charles Luther who facilitated the distribution, collection and analysis of information gathered from different areas of Tanzania. Our 131 field human rights monitors and paralegals also played an important role in preparing this report by providing us with current information about the human rights’ situation at the grass roots’ level. We greatly appreciate the assistance we received from the members of the editorial board, who are: Helen Kijo-Bisimba, Francis Kiwanga, Rodrick Maro, Felista Mauya, Professor Chris Maina Peter, and Harold Sungusia for their invaluable input on the content and form of this report. Their contributions helped us to create a better report. We would like to recognize the financial support we received from various partners to prepare and publish this report.
  • Comoros and the Governors of the Autonomous Islands of Ngazidja, Mohéli and Anjouan

    Comoros and the Governors of the Autonomous Islands of Ngazidja, Mohéli and Anjouan

    PA-X, Peace Agreement Access Tool (Translation © University of Edinburgh) www.peaceagreements.org AGREEMENT FOR MANAGEMENT OF THE INTERIM PHASE BETIT-SALAM JUNE 16 2010 1 PA-X, Peace Agreement Access Tool (Translation © University of Edinburgh) www.peaceagreements.org We, the President of the Union of the Comoros and the Governors of the autonomous islands of Ngazidja, Mohéli and Anjouan, - Encouraged by the will to spare no effort to promote and consolidate the process of national reconciliation, in order to tackle decisively the problems of socio-economic development in the Comoros; - Conscious of the need to continue to work for greater stability and national unity; - Mindful of the need to work in harmony to implement the constitutional reforms following the referendum of May 17, 2009; - Following the peace missions to Comoros of the African Union Commissioner for Peace and Security, Ambassador Ramtane Lamamra, on April 8 and 10, and June 3 and 5, 2010; - Expressing our appreciation to the international community, acting under the coordination of the African Union, consisting of Libya, South Africa, China, France/European Union (EU), the League of Arab States (LEA), the International Organisation of La Francophonie (Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie, OIF), and the UN System, for its support for the inter-Comorian dialogue; Decide as follows: I. Dates of elections and investitures: I.I In accordance with the timetable set out in the annex which forms an integral part of this Agreement, the primary elections in Mohéli for
  • Appendix I: Acronyms

    Appendix I: Acronyms

    Appendix I: Acronyms AAF-SAP African Alternative Framework to Structural Adjustment Programmes AAPC All-African Peoples Conference AAPSO Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization ACP Group African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group ADB African Development Bank ADP agricultural development program AEF Afrique Equatoriale Fran~aise (French Equatorial Africa) AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ANC African National Congress AOF Afrique Occidentale Fran~aise (French West Africa) APEC Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation AZAPO Azanian Peoples' Organization AZASO Azanian Students' Organization BCM Black Consciousness Movement BOSS Bureau of State Security CC Chama Cha Mapinduzi CEAO Economic Community of West Africa CFA African Financial Community CIA Central Intelligence Agency CIAS Conference of Independent African States CIEC Conference on International Economic Cooperation CODES A Convention for a Democratic South Africa COMECON Council for Mutual Economic Assistance COSAG Concerned South Africans Group 499 500 Acronyms COSAS Congress of South African Students COSATU Congress of South African Trade Unions CPP Convention People's party CUSA Council of Unions of South Africa DAC Development Assistance Committee DFI direct foreign investment DROC Democratic Republic of Congo, typically referred to as Congo, or Congo-Kinshasa EAC East African Community ECA Economic Commission for Africa ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States ECOMOG ECOWAS Cease-Fire Monitoring Group ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EDF European Development
  • Potential Discoveries of Hydrocarbons in the Comoros : from an Economy of Ylang-Ylang to an Oil Based Economy ?

    Potential Discoveries of Hydrocarbons in the Comoros : from an Economy of Ylang-Ylang to an Oil Based Economy ?

    2016 54 – novembre NAP n° NOTE D’ANALYSE POLITIQUE POTENTIAL DISCOVERIES OF HYDROCARBONS IN THE COMOROS : FROM AN ECONOMY OF YLANG-YLANG TO AN OIL BASED ECONOMY ? Naïda Essiane Ango Naïda Essiane Ango holds a Masters Degree in Geopolitics and International Security from the Institut Catholique de Paris (ICP), France. She did her Master thesis on the Recent discoveries of offshore oil and gas in the Mozambique Channel : Development opportunities or destabilizing factors of a troubled region? Before her masters, she worked for more than two years as the Secretary General of a Non Governmental Organization advocating a positive and sustainable peace in the Comoros. She is also trained by the Eastern Africa Standby Force (EASFCOM) on child protection in armed conflict and on conflict management and peacebuilding. Expertise : Natural resources management, political and security issues in the Mozambique Channel, disarmament, women’s participation in peace negotiations, development. Institut de Recherche et d’Enseignement sur la Paix www.thinkingafrica.org • [email protected] ABSTRACT – The Comorian State lacks preparation in the This paper attempts to examine the consequences management of extractive activities. Up to until now, of the discovery of hydrocarbon deposits in the Union of no autonomous organization has been created to the Comoros. It seeks to know if such a country, which involve all the actors of the society to think about this is marked by an economy of ylang ylang and clove, new activity. can turn to an oil based economy. It aims to highlight – The Comorian State must therefore inform its the difficulties encountered by rulers and the challen- population and take the necessary measures to ges they will have to face to build conditions favorable ensure an equitable sharing of the oil rent.
  • Tanzania Comoros

    Tanzania Comoros

    COUNTRY REPORT Tanzania Comoros 2nd quarter 1997 The Economist Intelligence Unit 15 Regent Street, London SW1Y 4LR United Kingdom The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit is a specialist publisher serving companies establishing and managing operations across national borders. For over 50 years it has been a source of information on business developments, economic and political trends, government regulations and corporate practice worldwide. The EIU delivers its information in four ways: through subscription products ranging from newsletters to annual reference works; through specific research reports, whether for general release or for particular clients; through electronic publishing; and by organising conferences and roundtables. The firm is a member of The Economist Group. London New York Hong Kong The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit 15 Regent Street The Economist Building 25/F, Dah Sing Financial Centre London 111 West 57th Street 108 Gloucester Road SW1Y 4LR New York Wanchai United Kingdom NY 10019, USA Hong Kong Tel: (44.171) 830 1000 Tel: (1.212) 554 0600 Tel: (852) 2802 7288 Fax: (44.171) 499 9767 Fax: (1.212) 586 1181/2 Fax: (852) 2802 7638 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.eiu.com Electronic delivery EIU Electronic Publishing New York: Lou Celi or Lisa Hennessey Tel: (1.212) 554 0600 Fax: (1.212) 586 0248 London: Moya Veitch Tel: (44.171) 830 1007 Fax: (44.171) 830 1023 This publication is available on the following electronic and other media: Online databases CD-ROM Microfilm FT Profile (UK) Knight-Ridder Information World Microfilms Publications (UK) Tel: (44.171) 825 8000 Inc (USA) Tel: (44.171) 266 2202 DIALOG (USA) SilverPlatter (USA) Tel: (1.415) 254 7000 LEXIS-NEXIS (USA) Tel: (1.800) 227 4908 M.A.I.D/Profound (UK) Tel: (44.171) 930 6900 Copyright © 1997 The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited.
  • Evolution of Public Enterprises Reform Policy in Tanzania: Privatisation of Banking, Electricity and Telecommunications

    Evolution of Public Enterprises Reform Policy in Tanzania: Privatisation of Banking, Electricity and Telecommunications

    Evolution of Public Enterprises Reform Policy in Tanzania: Privatisation of banking, Electricity and Telecommunications. Emmanuel James Matiku Department of Politics and Public Policy Griffith University. Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October, 2007. i Abstract This empirical study attempts to contribute to existing knowledge on policy choice and employs historical and case study approaches in addressing Tanzania’s liberalisation and privatisation policy choice. The thesis focuses on four specific questions: why Tanzania’s liberalisation and privatisation policy was chosen; what considerations were taken into account; the theory that explains the choice; and lessons to be drawn from Tanzania’s experience. In liberalising and privatising its economic sectors, Tanzania was influenced by three main factors: compliance with the IMF and the World Bank conditionality for accessing loans from the two international financial institutions; lobbying and manipulation by a coalition of external institutions interested in controlling and exploiting the Tanzanian economy; and political corruption whereby state officials saw in liberalisation and privatisation an opportunity to benefit financially and enrich themselves. This research has also revealed that, contrary to the belief by the IMF and World Bank, the private sector is in fact not more efficient than the public sector, there is also rent seeking behaviour in the private sector, and ‘off-the-shelf’ policies do not work in all situations. The thesis concludes that in order for policy to achieve desired outcomes, government should adopt appropriate measures including matching policy objectives with the prevailing needs and circumstances in the country; and applying good governance in terms of transparency, accountability and civil society participation in policy making.