WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY, WYOMING
106° 105° 104°
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4095
Prepared in cooperation with the WYOMING STATE ENGINEER WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY, WYOMING
By Maria Plafcan, Cheryl A. Eddy-Miller, George F. Ritz, and John P.R. Holland II
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4095
Prepared in cooperation with the WYOMING STATE ENGINEER
Cheyenne, Wyoming 1995 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GORDON P. EATON, Director
For additional information Copies of this report can be write to: purchased from:
District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Earth Science Information Center Water Resources Division Open-File Reports Section 2617 E. Lincolnway, Suite B Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001-5662 Denver, Colorado 80225 CONTENTS
Page
Abstract...... 1 Introduction...... _^ 2 Purpose and scope...... 4 Climate...... 4 Generalized geologic history ...... 4 Water-right administration By Richard G. Stockdale. Wyoming State Engineer's Office...... 7 Acknowledgments...... _^ 8 Streamflow...... 8 Streamflow data...... 8 Streamflow characteristics...... 9 Average annual runoff...... 28 Flow duration...... 29 Low flow...... 29 High flow...... 32 Ground water...... 32 Ground-water data...... 33 Relation of ground water to geology...... 33 Quaternary deposits...... 35 Tertiary rocks...... 36 Mesozoic rocks...... 37 Paleozoic rocks...... 38 Precambrian rocks...... 38 Recharge, movement, and discharge...... 39 Water-level changes...... 40 Water use...... 44 Water quality...... 46 Quality assurance and control...... 50 Quality assurance...... 50 Quality control...... 52 Streamflow quality...... 52 Ground-water quality...... 53 Quaternary deposits...... 56 Tertiary rocks...... 57 Mesozoic rocks...... 79 Paleozoic rocks...... 87 Precambrian rocks...... 96 Summary and conclusions ...... 96 References...... ^ 98 Glossary...... 101 Supplemental data...... _ 103
PLATES [plates are in pocket]
1. Geologic map of Fremont County, Wyoming 2. Map showing locations of selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming 3. Map showing locations of selected streamflow-gaging stations and miscellaneous Streamflow sites in Fremont County, Wyoming
CONTENTS III FIGURES Page
1. Map showing location of Fremont County and the Wind River structural basin in Wyoming...... 3 2. Graph showing mean monthly air temperatures at Dubois and Sand Draw, Wyoming...... 5 3. Map showing mean annual precipitation, 1951-80, in Fremont County, Wyoming...... 6 4. Sketch showing procedure for collection of streamflow data at a gaging station...... 10 5. Hydrographs of daily mean discharge for an ephemeral stream, a perennial stream, and a perennial stream affected by glaciers for water year 1953...... 27 6. Graph showing flow-duration curve of daily mean discharge for site 106, Badwater Creek at Bonneville; site 1, Wind River near Dubois; and site 18, Bull Lake Creek above Bull Lake, Fremont County, Wyoming...... 30 7. Federal township-range system for numbering wells and springs...... 34 8.-10. Graphs showing: 8. Intermittent (1951-72) and minimum daily (1973-87) water levels in well !N-4E-33ddb01, which is completed in the Wind River Formation and is located near Riverton, Wyoming ...... 41 9. Minimum daily (1981-86) water levels in well !N-4E-33ddb01...... 42 10. Minimum daily water levels in well !N-4E-33ddb01...... 43 11. Box plots showing distribution of dissolved-solids concentrations in water samples from wells completed in and springs issuing from selected geologic units in Fremont County, Wyoming ...... 76 12. Diagram showing major cations and anions in selected water samples from wells completed in and springs issuing from selected water-bearing units in Fremont County, Wyoming...... 77 13.-17. Maps showing location of water-quality sampling sites in Fremont County, Wyoming, for selected wells completed in and springs issuing from: 13. Quaternary alluvium and colluvium, and terrace deposits...... 78 14. Miocene rocks, White River Formation, and Wagon Bed Formation...... 92 15. Wind River Formation...... 93 16. Cody Shale and Frontier, Cloverly, and Chugwater Formations...... 94 17. Phosphoria Formation and related rocks, Tensleep Sandstone, Madison Limestone, and Precambrian rocks...... 95
TABLES 1. Selected surface-water stations in Fremont County, Wyoming ...... 11 2. Streamflow characteristics at selected streamflow-gaging stations in Fremont County, Wyoming...... 18 3. Miscellaneous surface-water sites in Fremont County, Wyoming...... 22 4. Seven-day low-flow discharges for selected streamflow-gaging stations in Fremont County, Wyoming...... 31 5. Estimated water use in 1990 in Fremont County, Wyoming...... 45 6. Source or cause and significance of dissolved-mineral constituents and physical properties of water...... 47 7. Wyoming ground-water quality standards for domestic, agricultural, and livestock use...... 50 8. Selected maximum and secondary maximum contaminant levels for public drinking-water supplies...... 51 9. Chemical analyses and physical properties of water samples collected at selected streamflow sites of the Sweetwater River and its tributaries, Fremont County, Wyoming...... 54 10. Concentrations of selected trace elements of water samples collected at selected streamflow sites of the Sweetwater River and its tributaries, Fremont County, Wyoming...... 56 11. Chemical analyses and physical properties of water samples collected from selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming...... 58 12. Concentrations of selected trace elements of water samples collected from selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming...... 80 13. Concentrations of selected radiochemical species in water samples from selected streamflow sites, wells, and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming ...... 86 14. Concentrations of selected pesticides in water samples from selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming...... 88 15. Lithologic and water-yielding characteristics of geologic units in Fremont County, Wyoming ...... 104 16. Records of selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming...... 120
IV CONVERSION FACTORS, VERTICAL DATUM, AND ABBREVIATIONS
Multiply ______Bv _____To obtain
acre 4,047 square meter acre 0.4047 hectare acre-foot (acre-ft) 1,233 cubic meter acre-foot (acre-ft) 0.001233 cubic hectometer cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second cubic foot per second per square 0.01093 cubic meter per second per mile [(ftVsXmi2] square kilometer cubic yard (yd3) 0.7646 cubic meter foot (ft) 0.3048 meter gallon 0.003785 cubic meter gallon per minute (gal/min) 0.06309 liter per second gallon per day (gal/d) 0.00263 liter per minute inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm) inch per year (in/yr) 25.4 millimeter per year mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer million gallons (Mgal) 3,785 cubic meter million gallons per day (Mgal/d) 0.04381 cubic meter per second square mile (mi2) 2.59 square kilometer ______ton (short)______907.2______kilogram______
Temperature can be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) or degrees Celsius (°C) as follows:
°F = 9/5(°C) + 32 °C = 5/9 (°F - 32)
Sea level: In this report, "sea level" refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929~a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of the United States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929.
Abbreviated water-quality units used in this report: mg/L milligram per liter pCi/L picocurie per liter ug/g microgram per gram ug/kg microgram per kilogram H-g/L microgram per liter um micrometer pS/cm microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius
Abbreviations used in this report: EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency MCL maximum contaminant level NWQL National Water Quality Laboratory of U.S. Geological Survey PCB polychlorinated biphenyl PCN polychlorinated napthalene QA/QC quality assurance/quality control SMCL secondary maximum contaminant level USGS U.S. Geological Survey
CONTENTS WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY, WYOMING
By Maria Plafcan, Cheryl A. Eddy-Miller, George F. Ritz, and John P. R. Holland II
ABSTRACT
Surface-water, ground-water, and water-quality data were compiled to describe and evaluate the water resources of Fremont County, Wyoming. These data are needed to plan for and manage the increased demands for water in the County. The study was conducted in cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer.
The average annual runoff varied for two of three regions that occur in the county. Average annual runoff ranged from 0.90 to 22 inches per year in the Mountainous Region and from 0.06 to 0.72 inch per year in the Plains Region. Available streamflow data are insufficient for computing average annual runoff in the High Desert Region.
The Wind River Formation of Tertiary age has the most well development records of 157 inventoried wells were included in this report. The Wind River Formation is the most areally extensive water-bearing unit that occurs at land surface. The second most commonly developed geologic unit is the Quaternary alluvium and colluvium (49 wells). Wells and springs that were inventoried during this study that had large measured discharge (more than 300 gallons per minute) were the Arikaree Formation of Tertiary age, the Phosphoria Formation and related rocks of Permian age, the Tensleep Sandstone of Permian and Pennsylvanian age, the Madison Limestone of Mississippian age, and the Bighorn Dolomite of Ordovician age.
Geologic units in Fremont County are recharged by one or a combination of the following sources: (1) infiltration of precipitation at the outcrop area, (2) infiltration of surface water, (3) infiltration of irrigation water, and (4) leakage from another geologic unit. In the Sweetwater Basin, the general direction of ground-water movement in the Arikaree aquifer is toward the Sweetwater River. In the Wind River Basin the general direction of ground-water movement in various water-bearing units is toward the Wind River. Ground water is discharged through pumped wells and is naturally discharged by springs and seeps, by evapotranspiration, and by discharge to streams, lakes, drains, and other geologic units.
Prior to 1981, Riverton's municipal water supply was entirely from ground water. Water levels in the well field typically were deepest in August when demand for water was greatest. Since 1981, ground water is pumped only to supplement the surface-water treatment plant. Consequently, the water levels now are deepest in the winter and spring (January through May). Water levels in the Wind River Formation near the Riverton municipal well field also appeared to recover in 1983-85 after the plant began operating in 1981.
Surface water supplies about 99 percent (592 million gallons per day in 1990) of the total offstream use in Fremont County. Irrigation is the largest offstream use of surface water. The largest use of ground water is for public supply. Total ground-water use in 1990 was 5.9 million gallons per day.
ABSTRACT 1 Twenty-five water-quality samples were collected from the Sweetwater River and its tributaries during September 16-23, 1991. The sample from the site closest to the headwaters had a dissolved- solids concentration of 42 milligrams per liter. The sample from the site farthest downstream, near the county border, had the largest dissolved-solids concentration, 271 milligrams per liter.
Dissolved-solids concentrations varied greatly for water samples collected from the 34 geologic units inventoried. Dissolved-solids concentrations in all water samples from the Cody Shale of Cretaceous age were 2 to 14 times greater than the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level of 500 milligrams per liter established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. All water samples collected from Miocene rocks and the White River Formation of Tertiary age had dissolved-solids concentrations less than the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level.
INTRODUCTION
Fremont County, in west-central Wyoming (fig. 1), was created in 1884. The original county boundary included territory that was later (1890) subdivided into Park, Big Horn, and Hot Springs Counties. The county was named for General John Charles Fremont, who was a surveyor and an explorer. Also called "The Pathfinder," Fremont searched for a route to the Pacific Ocean in 1842 with a company of 20 men (Urbanek, 1988, p. 76). Kit Carson guided Fremont to the top of what he thought was the highest peak in the Wind River Range. However, Henry Gannett, a member of the Hayden surveys, had climbed an even higher peak (Dobler, 1984, p. 13). Fremont wrote detailed descriptions of the peak he climbed and of its snowfields, which have led others to believe that he probably climbed Mount Woodrow Wilson (Urbanek, 1988, p. 77), which is located about 1.25 mi south of Gannett Peak in Sublette County.
The county has an area of about 9,394 mi2, which makes it the second largest of the 23 counties in Wyoming. About 50 mi2 is covered by water. Fifty-one percent of the county is owned by the Federal government and is managed by the U.S. Forest Service (Department of Agriculture) and the Bureau of Land Management (U.S. Department of the Interior). About 33 percent of the land in the county is the Wind River Indian Reservation, and the remainder of the county is State or privately owned (Wyoming Department of Administration and Fiscal Control, 1991, p. 235).
About 48 percent of the 33,662 residents in the county live in Riverton and Lander, the county seat (Wyoming Department of Administration and Fiscal Control, 1991, p. 235). The rest of the population live in small towns (mostly along the front of the Wind River Range), in the Wind River Indian Reservation, or in rural areas of the county. Urbanek (1988, p. 224) estimated that about 3,500 Arapahoe and Shoshone Indians live on the reservation.
Fremont County has many geographical features. The highest peak in the county, Gannett Peak, also is the highest peak in the State at an altitude of 13,802 ft. The lowest altitude in the county (about 4,600 ft) is located below Boysen Reservoir in the Wind River Canyon near the Fremont Hot Springs County line. The Wind River Canyon, which extends north into Hot Springs County, divides the Owl Creek and Bridger Mountains and is about 11 mi long. The Wind River is dammed at the south end of the canyon, forming Boysen Reservoir. The dam was first built in 1903. This dam was intentionally destroyed and rebuilt in 1948 about 1.5 miles above the old dam (Urbanek, 1988, p. 23). Ice, used for a variety of purposes by the pioneers, was obtained from Ice Slough (Urbanek, 1988, p. 101), a tributary of the Sweetwater River that flows north between Sweetwater Station and Jeffrey City. The geographical center of Wyoming is 58 mi northeast of Lander (Urbanek, 1988, p. 80). The "Sinks" in Sinks Canyon State Park (pi. 2 and 3) southwest of Lander is a large cavern that captures the flow of the Middle Popo Agie River. The river rises again about one-half mile down the canyon (Hill and others, 1976, p. 129, map sheet 2).
2 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY INTRODUCTION 3 To obtain the kinds of information that are needed to plan for and manage the increased demands for water in Fremont County, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer, conducted a study during 1990-92 to describe and evaluate the water resources of the county. Additional hydrologic data were collected as part of the study where such data were lacking or considered inadequate and where water quality was a concern.
Purpose and Scope
This report describes the water resources of Fremont County. The information is presented for possible use in future management of the resources, including the planning and designing of new water supplies and related economic development. Streamflow is described first, but the emphasis of this report is ground water. Sections in this report that describe ground water include: Relation of Ground Water to Geology; Recharge, Movement, and Discharge; Water-Level Changes; Water Use; and Ground-Water Quality.
Data type and availability are described for both streamflow and ground water. Additional Streamflow and ground-water sites were inventoried during this study (1990-92) to improve data coverage in the county. During 1991, discharge was measured and water-quality samples were collected at 25 streamflow sites on the Sweetwater River and its tributaries. During 1990-92, a total of 90 wells and 55 springs were inventoried and water-quality samples were collected at selected sites and analyzed for major ions and trace elements.
Climate
Temperature and precipitation in the county are varied and related to altitude. Mean monthly air temperature for all months (fig. 2) is cooler at Dubois (altitude 6,917 ft) than at Sand Draw (altitude 5,960 ft). Temperature also varies as a result of changing seasons, as well as vertical temperature inversions and move ment of air masses. The mean monthly air temperature at Dubois ranges from 21.9°F in January to 60.5°F in July. The mean monthly temperature in January is similar for Sand Draw (22.9°F) and Dubois; however, the mean monthly temperature in July (70.5°F) for Sand Draw is 10°F warmer. For the period 1951-80, mean annual precipitation ranged from about 8 in. (fig. 3) in the Wind River Basin around Riverton and Boysen Reservoir to about 60 in. around Gannett Peak in the Wind River Range. The annual average precipitation for the county is 13.6 in. (Wyoming Department of Administration and Fiscal Control, 1991, p. 235). All temperature and precipitation data that are cited here are from Mariner (1986, p. 328,400, and fig. 6.1), except as noted otherwise.
Generalized Geologic History
Several extensive articles written about the geology of the Wind River Basin describe the lithology and stratigraphy of geologic units in the basin and describe the depositional history and structural features of the basin. A comprehensive bibliography of the geology of the Wind River Basin was compiled by Stoffer (1984). The purpose of this section is to briefly describe the basin, its boundaries, and its geologic history.
Most of the Wind River Basin, a structural and depositional basin that formed during the Laramide orogeny (Late Cretaceous through Paleocene age occurs within Fremont County). The Wind River Basin is an asymmetric basin that is bordered on the north by the Absaroka Range and Owl Creek and Bridger Mountains, on the west and southwest by the Wind River Range, on the south by the Granite Mountains, and on the east by the Casper Arch (a structural upwarp located east of the Fremont County line in Natrona County). The center part of the basin is filled with sediments "...that accumulated during the major phases of tectonism in Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary times" (Keefer, 1970, p. D2). However, the sediments are thickest (about 28,000 ft, Stoffer, 1984, p. 1) "where adjacent uplifts have been thrust-faulted over the basin (margins) during
4 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Nov Dec
Figure 2. Mean monthly air temperatures at Dubois and Sand Draw, Wyoming (source of data: Mariner, 1986, p. 328 and 400).
the Laramide orogeny." The north and east margins of the basin are the deepest part of the basin (Lageson and Spearing, 1988, p. 122). Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks appear like bands around the west edge of the basin and in anticlines north of Beaver Divide and on the south flank of the Owl Creek Mountains. Precambrian rocks form the core of the Wind River Range and the Bridger, Granite, and Owl Creek Mountains.
The oldest rocks exposed in the county are igneous and metamorphic rocks of Precambrian age (pi. 1) and include granite, metasedimentary, metavolcanic, and intrusive rocks (Love and Christiansen, 1985, sheet 2). Mafic dikes occur locally. During the Precambrian, a period of "...sedimentation, plutonism, metamorphism, and deformation..." was followed by a period of extensive erosion that reduced the area "...to a broad nearly level, plain..." (Keefer, 1970, p. D8).
In addition to Precambrian units, geologic units in the county range in age from Cambrian to Ordovician and Devonian to Quaternary. The geologic features from Cambrian time to the present were formed by alternating periods of deposition and erosion, along with periods of thrusting, uplifting, and downwarping. Periods of deposition usually were associated with inundation by the sea. As the sea transgressed inland, sand, mud, and limy mud that eventually formed sandstone, shale, and limestone was deposited. As the sea regressed, the sequence was reversed. The Flathead Sandstone, the Gros Ventre Formation, and the Gallatin Limestone are examples of formations deposited during Cambrian time by a transgressive sea. The sea continued to advance and withdraw throughout the Paleozoic and throughout most of the Mesozoic. The sequence of events and the geologic units deposited during this time is described by Keefer (1965b).
INTRODUCTION 5 109°15' O)
EXPLANATION 16- Im LINE OF EQUAL MEAN ANNUAL 3) PRECIPITATION-lnterval, 3) in inches, is variable m
m (/> On n 3) 43°15' m R. 110 W. 109 108
O O
Base from U.S. Geological Survey «- RIVERTON RECLAMATION 1:500,000 Wyoming State base map, \ ' WITHDRAWAL AFJEA' 1980 ) 4
T. 27 N. 10 20 30 KILOMETERS R. 102 W. 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 R. 90 W.
Figure 3. Mean annual precipitation, 1951-80, in Fremont County, Wyoming (modified from Mariner, 1986, figure 6.1). Periods of uplifting usually are followed by periods of erosion. Probably the most areally extensive period of erosion occurred during the Silurian. "...There is no positive evidence that Silurian rocks ever were deposited in the region..." (Keefer, 1965b, p. 1880). The state stratigraphic nomenclature chart (Love and others, 1992, plate 1) does not show any stratigraphic units from the Silurian for the Wind River Basin. Uplifting of the mountains surrounding the Wind River Basin and downwarping of the basin began in the Late Cretaceous. Sediments from the surrounding mountains were eroded, deposited, and "...preserved in more than 18,000 ft of fluviatile and lacustrine sediments of the Lance, Fort Union, Indian Meadows, and Wind River Formations (Keefer, 1965a, p. A55-A58 cited in Keefer, 1970, p. D9).
Volcanic material was deposited in the Absaroka Range during the middle and late Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene. The absaroka Volcanic Supergroup comprises four Eocene geologic units: the Aycross, the Tepee Trail, the Two Ocean and Langford, and the Wiggins Formations. These units are composed mostly of tuff and conglomerate material (Keefer, 1965b, p. 1889; 1970, p. D9).
Maximum fill of the basin probably occurred by the Pliocene. "Then, perhaps in middle or late Pliocene time, the entire region, mountains and basins alike, was uplifted 3,000-4,000 ft..«" A period of erosion that followed the uplift has continued through the Quaternary and still continues (Keefer, 1965b, p. 1891; 1970, p. D9).
Water-Right Administration
By Richard G. Stockdale, Wyoming State Engineer's Office
According to article 8, section 1 of the Wyoming State constitution, "The water of all natural streams, springs, lakes or other collections of still water, within the boundaries of the state, are hereby declared to be property of the state." Anyone desiring to use water beneficially in Wyoming must apply for and obtain an approved permit from the State Engineer to appropriate water prior to initiating construction of water-diversion structures, such as dams, headgates, spring boxes, and wells. Once a permit to appropriate water has been obtained from the State Engineer, the permittee may proceed with construction of the water-diversion works and with beneficial use of the diverted water for the purposes specified in the permit. Such diversion and beneficial use need to be made in accordance with statutory provisions. After the permittee has beneficially used the diverted water for all of the permitted uses at all of the permitted points or areas of use, proof of beneficial use is filed, and the water right is adjudicated (finalized). The adjudication process fixes the location of the water- diversion structure, the use, the quantity, and the points or areas of use for the water right.
Wyoming water rights are administered using the Doctrine of Prior Appropriation, commonly referred to as the "First in time, first in right" system. Article 8, section 3 of the Wyoming constitution states: "Priority of appropriation for beneficial uses shall give the better right." The priority date of an appropriation is established as the date when the application for permit to appropriate water is received in the State Engineer's Office.
Water-right administration is conducted by the State Engineer and the Water Division superintendents. Article 8, section 5 of the Wyoming constitution provides for the appointment of a State Engineer, and section 4 provides for the creation of four Water Divisions in the State and the appointment of a superintendent in each division. The State Engineer is Wyoming's chief water-administration official and has general supervision of all waters of the State. The superintendents, along with their staff of hydrographers and water commissioners, are responsible for the local administration of water rights and the collection of hydrologic data in their respective divisions.
INTRODUCTION 7 Deviations from the standard water-right administrative system of "First in time, first in right" might exist. Such deviations might be caused by conditions in compacts, court decrees, and treaties or through the creation of special water-management districts. Virtually every stream exiting the State is subject to a compact, court decree, or treaty that dictates to some degree how the appropriations on that specific stream are administered. Although the interstate nature of ground water and the interconnection of ground water with streams are recognized, the development of interstate agreements on use of water from aquifers is still in its infancy. The reason that few ground-water compacts exist is twofold. First, there is a lack of sound technical data on which to base appropriate administrative allocations of ground water between adjoining States, and second, competition between Wyoming and adjoining States is insufficient to require binding interstate agreements or allocations of ground-water resources.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the generous assistance of the ranchers and landowners in the county who provided access to their property, wells, and springs.
STREAMFLOW
Fremont County has three major drainage basins: the Missouri, the Upper Colorado, and the Snake Rivers (Druse and others, 1994, p. 2). Nearly all of the streamflow in the county drains through the Missouri River Basin. Streamflow from a small area of extreme southern Fremont County drains through the Upper Colorado River Basin, and streamflow from a small area of extreme northwestern Fremont County drains through the Snake River Basin. Within Fremont County, the Wind, the Popo Agie, and the Sweetwater Rivers are the principal streams that drain the Missouri Basin. Beaver Divide (fig. 1; pi. 3) separates the Wind and Popo Agie Rivers from the Sweetwater River. Streams north of Beaver Divide flow into the Wind River, whereas streams south of the Divide flow into the Sweetwater River.
The drainage area of the Wind River Basin is topographically and geologically diverse (Colby and others, 1956, p. 9-27). Streams that drain the northern side of the Wind River Range originate high in the mountains, where the geology is primarily Precambrian granitic rocks, and flow over Paleozoic limestone, and Mesozoic and Cenozoic siltstone, shale, and sandstone. Streams that drain the southern flanks of the Absaroka Range flow over Tertiary volcanic rocks. The northeast quarter of Fremont County is drained principally by Badwater and Poison Creeks. Badwater Creek drains the southern slopes of the Bridger Mountains. Tributaries originate in the Bridger Mountains primarily in Precambrian granitic rocks. The main stem of Badwater Creek flows over Tertiary siltstone, shale, and sandstone. Poison Creek originates within the Wind River Basin east of Shoshoni and flows over Tertiary siltstone, shale, and sandstone.
Streamflow Data
Streamflow data commonly are needed when planning, designing, or managing water uses and developments associated with streams. To obtain these data, streamflow-gaging or sampling stations are installed and operated on the principal streams. At these stations, data are collected continuously or periodically. Streamflow-gaging and sampling stations are operated for a variety of purposes in the county, but a purpose is for planning and managing irrigation-water supplies.
8 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Streamflow data generally are collected at continuous-record gaging stations, where water-level sensing equipment and a recorder are housed in a streamside shelter. Using discharge measurements of the Streamflow, hydrographers develop a relation known as a rating between stage (water level) and measured discharge at the gaging station (fig. 4). This rating is used with the continuous record of stage from the gaging-station recorder to develop a continuous record of stream discharge. This record can be compiled to express average daily, monthly, or yearly rates or volumes of discharge. Instantaneous peak flows and total runoff for a particular period also can be determined from the records. The locations of 128 streamflow-gaging stations where substantial amounts of data have been collected for Streamflow and water quality in the county are shown on plate 3, and specific information concerning these stations is listed in table 1. Records for some stations listed in this table may have been published previously using a slightly different station name. Previously published names are included in the station manuscript of the Water Resources Data report (Druse and others, 1994). Streamflow characteristics at selected sites in the county are summarized in table 2.
Streamflow and water-quality data are sometimes required where streamflow-gaging or sampling stations are not operated. For example, determination of water loss or gain from seepage in a particular stream reach may require measurements of discharge at several locations along the stream reach. Likewise, definition of water-quality changes within a stream reach may require that water samples be collected (periodically or routinely) at several locations to account for the effects of inflows from seeps and tributaries. Locations where measurements or samples were obtained infrequently are known as miscellaneous Streamflow sites. Locations of 111 miscellaneous Streamflow sites used for this study are shown on plate 3, and specific information concerning these sites is listed in table 3.
Additional information about the streamflow-gaging stations and miscellaneous Streamflow sites in the county can be obtained from the computer files and published reports of the U.S. Geological Survey. Inquiries can be directed to the District Chief, U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, 2617 E. Lincolnway, Suite B, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001-5662.
Streamflow Characteristics
Streams in the county can be classified as ephemeral, intermittent, or perennial. Assigning a stream type can be somewhat arbitrary because the process depends on which reach of the stream is being considered and the length of time the stream has been observed (Lowham, 1985, p. 32).
Streams originating in the Plains Region of the county (pi. 3) usually are ephemeral or intermittent. These types of streams only flow periodically and often have extended periods of no flow. Intermittent streams may receive some ground-water inflows in addition to direct surface runoff; however, the ground-water inflows are insufficient to sustain flow throughout the year (Lowham, 1985, p. 32). A hydrograph for Badwater Creek at Bonneville (site 106) illustrates the Streamflow of an ephemeral stream (fig. 5).
Most perennial streams originate in the Mountainous Regions. Perennial (year-round) Streamflow results from greater precipitation, lower evapotranspiration, and greater water-storage capacity than occurs with streams originating in the Plains Region of the county. Water stored as ground water and as glaciers in the mountains is released slowly, maintaining Streamflow throughout the year. An example of a perennial stream is Wind River near Dubois (site 1); a hydrograph is shown in figure 5. The hydrograph shows the characteristic period of snowmelt runoff from April to June followed by sustained flow throughout the year. The hydrograph for Bull Lake Creek above Bull Lake (site 18) is similar to the hydrograph for Wind River near Dubois, except the flow is affected by seasonal glacial melting. The hydrograph for site 18 shows the characteristic periods of snowmelt runoff and sustained flow. However, high flow is sustained longer during the snowmelt runoff period than the flow at site 1. Flow during the sustained period is higher at site 18 than at site 1 during the summer, but by late winter, the relation is reversed.
STREAMFLOW 9 Select measurement site
Stream
Select cross section X Lett Discharge Right bank measurement bank Stream stage (water level)
Subdivide cross section and measure width, depth, and mean velocity of each subsection. Multiply width, depth, and velocity to obtain discharge for each subsection. Sum increments to determine total discharge of stream.
Stage-discharge rating Construct stage-discharge rating from discharges measured at various stages.
DISCHARGE
Collect continuous record of stage at gaging station. Combine rating with stage record to yield discharge record.
Figure 4. Procedure for collection of streamflow data at a gaging station (from Lowham, 1988, p.13).
10 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Table 1 . Selected streamflow-gaging stations in Fremont County, Wyoming (modified from Druse and others, 1994, p. xi to xvi; xxxii to xxxiii) [Site number: Simplified site number used in this report to identify location of streamflow-gaging stations. Station number: Assigned by U.S. Geological Survey to locations where streams are measured or sampled on a regular basis. The first two digits identify the major basin in which the station is located (Missouri River Basin is 06). The remaining six digits identify the relative location. Period of record in calendar years: A date followed by a semicolon indicates a break in the collection of records. Breaks of less than a year are not shown, mi2, square miles; NC, not computed; --, no data]
Site Period of record in calendar years number Station Drainage-basin Daily or monthly Annual peak Quality (Pl.3) number Station name area (mi2) discharge or content discharge Chemical Sediment Biology 1 06218500 Wind River near Dubois 232 1945-92 1947-50; 1970; 1980 1973-82 1953; 1965-86 2 06218700 Wagon Gulch near Dubois 4.89 1961-84 -- - 3 06219000 Warm Spring Creek near Dubois 85.8 1 1911-12 1965 - 4 06220000 Wind River at Dubois 486 1910-12 1948-49 .. 5 06220500 East Fork Wind River near Dubois 427 1950-57; 1975-86; 1975-86 2 1975-93 1990 6 06220800 Wind River above Red Creek, near Dubois 1,073 1991-92 1986-92 .. 7 06221400 Dinwoody Creek above lakes, near Bums 88.2 1957-78; 1988-92 1970 2 1988-93 8 06221500 Dinwoody Creek near Bums 100 1909; ~ 1918-30; 1950-58 9 06222000 Wind River near Bums 1,236 1946-53 .. 10 06222500 Dry Creek near Bums 53.7 ] 1909; 1990 .. 1921-40; 2 1988-93 11 06222510 Dry Creek Canal at headgate, near Bums NC 2 1989-93 1990 12 06222700 Crow Creek near Tipperary 30.2 1962-93 2 1974-93 13 06223000 Meadow Creek near Lenore 41.7 ! 1909; 1921-23 14 06223500 Willow Creek near Crowheart 55.4 1909; 1921-23; 1990 1925-40; 21988-93 STREAI 15 06223700 Sand Draw near Crowheart 12.8 1961-77 16 06223750 Wind River above Bull Lake Creek, near Crowheart NC 1990-91 1990-91 s - -- 3 17 06223800 Wind River tributary No. 2 near Crowheart 3.16 1961-81 Table 1 . Selected streamflow-gaging stations in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued
Site Period of record in calendar years 1m number Station Drainage-basin Daily or monthly Annual peak Quality a (pi. 3) number Station name area (mi2) discharge or content discharge Chemical Sediment Biology m3D 18 06224000 Bull Lake Creek above Bull Lake 187 1941-53; 2 1974-93 .. O c 2 1966-93 3D O 3210 1>21938-93 .. m 19 06224500 Bull Lake near Lenore 20 06225000 Bull Lake Creek near Lenore 3213 21918-93 1990 - 0 n n 21 06225500 Wind River near Crowheart 1,891 2 1945-93 1976; 1970-82; 3D m 1978; 1990-92 & 1987-92 O Z 22 06226000 Wyoming Canal near Lenore NC 1941-45;1949-82; 1988 1974-82; O 2 1988-93 1988 O C ~ z 23 06226200 Little Dry Creek near Crowheart 10.5 1961-81 ^ 24 06226300 Dry Creek near Crowheart 97.9 1959; ~ - 1961-81 25 06226500 Pilot wasteway near Morton NC 1949-53 - -- 26 06227000 Pilot Canal near Morton NC 1949-53 1977 27 06227500 Wyoming Canal below Pilot diversion, near Morton NC 1949-53 - 1975-82 28 06227596 Johnstown Ditch at headworks, near Kinnear NC 21991-93 - .. 29 06227600 Wind River near Kinnear 2,194 1974-79; 1985-92 1990-92 21991-93 30 06227700 LeClair Canal near Riverton NC ._ __ 1976-77 31 06227810 Lefthand Ditch at headworks, near Riverton NC 2 1991-93 32 06228000 Wind River at Riverton 2,309 1906-08; 1947-50; 1949-51; 1973-78; 21911-93 21965-93 1959-65; 2 1986-93 1971; 1977; 21985-93 33 06228350 South Fork Little Wind River above Washakie 90.3 21976-93 1976-92 Reservoir, near Fort Washakie 34 06228450 South Fork Little Wind River below Washakie 93.5 21988-93 1990 .. Reservoir, near Fort Washakie 35 06228500 Little Wind River near Fort Washakie 117 1921-40 - 36 06228510 Ray Canal at headworks, near Fort Washakie NC 21989-93 _. 37 06228800 North Fork Little Wind River near Fort Washakie 112 2 1988-93 1990 .. 38 06229000 North Fork Little Wind River at Fort Washakie 128 1921-40 Table 1. Selected streamflow-gaging stations in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued
Site Period of record in calendar years number Station Drainage-basin Daily or monthly Annual peak Quality (pi. 3) number Station name area (mi2) discharge or content discharge Chemical Sediment Biology 39 06229680 Sage Creek above Norkok Meadows Creek, near Fort 118 2 1990-93 1990 Washakie 40 06229700 Norkok Meadows Creek near Fort Washakie 15.4 1965-81 - 41 06229800 Sand Draw near Fort Washakie .99 1961-81 42 06229900 Trout Creek near Fort Washakie 16.1 2 1990-93 1961-68; 1990 1970-84 43 06230190 Mill Creek above Ray Lake outlet canal, near Fort 15.8 21 990-93 1990 Washakie 44 06230300 Ray Lake near outlet, near Fort Washakie NC - 1960-70 45 06230500 Little Wind River near Arapahoe 618 1950-53 1992 -- 1992 46 06231000 Little Wind River above Arapahoe 660 1906-09;1911-18; 1966-92 -- 1973-77; 21979-93 1989-92 47 06231500 Middle Popo Agie River near Lander 86.5 1911-12; ~ 1918-24 48 06231600 Middle Popo Agie River below The Sinks, near Lander 87.5 1959-68 1969-74 1965 49 06231930 Baldwin Creek below Dickinson Creek, at Lander NC 21989-93 2 1989-93 50 06231950 Little Dickinson Creek at Lander NC .. 1981 -- 1981 51 06232000 North Popo Agie River near Milford 98.4 1945-63 1990 52 06232500 North Popo Agie River near Lander 134 1938-53 53 06232600 Popo Agie River at Hudson Siding, near Lander NC 2 1983-93 -- 1983-89 54 06232800 Little Popo Agie River near Atlantic City 5.99 1957-73 55 06233000 Little Popo Agie River near Lander 125 2 1946-93 _ 56 06233340 Monument Draw at upper station, near Hudson 5.50 1965-72 - 57 06233360 Monument Draw at lower station, near Hudson 8.38 1965-84 .. 58 06233440 Coal Mine Draw tributary near Hudson .63 1965-72 - 59 06233500 Little Popo Agie River at Hudson 384 1907-09;1911-17; 1938-53 60 06233600 Popo Agie River at Hudson NC 1966-69; 1984 61 06233900 Popo Agie River near Arapahoe 796 21979-93 1980-92 -- 1983; 1989 i n 62 06234000 Little Wind River below Arapahoe 1,464 1906-09;1911-18; ~ I 63 06234500 Beaver Creek near Lander 113 1938-41 Table 1 . Selected streamflow-gaging stations in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued
Site Period of record in calendar years 1m number Station Drainage-basin Daily or monthly Annual peak Quality 3J (pi. 3) number Station name area (mi2) discharge or content discharge Chemical Sediment Biology m3) (/) 64 06234700 South Fork Hall Creek near Lander 3.88 .. 1960-72 .. O c 65 06234800 Bobcat Draw near Sand Draw 32.89 -- 1969; - ~ - 3J Om 1971-81 (/) 66 06235000 Beaver Creek near Arapahoe 354 1950-53 - 1951; 1989-92 - O n n 1967-81; 1985-92 m3) S 67 06235500 Little Wind River near Riverton 1,904 2 1941-93 _ 1953-54; 1959-65; 2 1987-93 O 2 1965-93 1971; O 2 1989-93 Oc 68 06235700 Haymaker Creek near Riverton 9.52 -- 1961-64; ~ - -- 5 1966-73 69 06236000 Kirby Draw near Riverton 129 1951-53 1961-84 - - - 70 06236100 Wind River above Boysen Reservoir, near Shoshoni 4,390 2 1990-93 - 1973-93 1991-93 1974-89 71 06238760 West Fork Dry Cheyenne Creek at upper station, near .69 - 1965-84 - ~ - Riverton 72 06238780 West Fork Dry Cheyenne Creek tributary near Riverton 1.85 - 1965-72 - ~ - 73 06239000 Muskrat Creek near Shoshoni 733 1950-73 - 1950-61; - 1964; 1967-68; 1971-73 74 06244500 Fivemile Creek above Wyoming Canal, near Pavillion 118 1949-75; 1949-51; 1949-51; 2 1988-93 1969; 1960-61; 1974-75; 1964-68; 1987-92 1970-75; 1989-92 75 06245000 Fivemile Creek near Pavillion 118 1948-49 -- - - - 76 06245500 Powerline wasteway near Pavillion NC 1949-50 ~ - 1950 - 77 06246000 Pavillion drain near Pavillion NC 1948-50 1988 1949-50; - 1988 78 06246500 Ocean drain at Ocean Lake outlet, near Pavillion NC 1948-53; -- 1950-51; 1950-51 1978-83 1978-83; 1986; 1988 79 06246800 Ocean drain near Midvale NC 1979-82 - - 1979-82 -- 80 06247000 Ocean drain near Pavillion NC 1948-53 1949-50 Table 1. Selected streamflow-gaging stations in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued
Site Period of record in calendar years number Station Drainage-basin Daily or monthly Annual peak Quality (pi. 3) number Station name area (mi2) discharge or content discharge Chemical Sediment Biology 81 06247500 Dudley wasteway near Pavillion NC 1949-50 - ~ 82 06248000 Kellett drain near Pavillion NC 1948-50 1950 - 83 06248500 Dewey drain near Pavillion NC 1948-50 - -- 84 06249000 Fivemile 76 drain near Riverton NC 1949-50 -- - 85 06249500 Sand Gulch drain and wasteway near Riverton NC 1949-50 ~ 86 06250000 Fivemile Creek near Riverton 3356 1949-65 1950-51 1949-51; 1959-61; 1963-65 87 06250500 Lost Wells Butte drain near Riverton NC 1949-50 -. ~ 88 06251000 Coleman drain near Shoshoni NC 1948-50 1950 - 89 06251500 Sand Gulch near Shoshoni 18.6 1948-53 1988 1949-50; 1988 90 06252000 Eagle drain near Shoshoni NC 1948-50 - - 91 06252500 Lateral P-34.9 wasteway near Shoshoni NC 1949-50 92 06253000 Fivemile Creek near Shoshoni 3418 1941-42;1948-83; 1948-51; 1949-51; 1988-92 1953; 1959-61; 1965-86; 1963-68; 1988 1972; 1974-75; 1978-85; 1988 93 06253500 Lateral P-36.8 wasteway near Shoshoni NC 1949-50 - - 94 06255160 Dead Man Gulch tributary near Lysite .54 1965-68; 1970-72 95 06255190 Dead Man Gulch near Lysite 4.11 -- 1965-73 ~ 96 06255200 Dead Man Gulch near Moneta 4.46 ~ 1958-69 - 1966 - 97 06255300 Poison Creek tributary near Shoshoni .39 ~ 1959-81 ~ 98 06255500 Poison Creek near Shoshoni 500 1949-53; 1961-68 1951 1949-51; - W 1955-56 1964 - - m " 06256000 Badwater Creek at Lybyer Ranch, near Lost Cabin 131 1948-68 g 100 06256500 Badwater Creek at Lost Cabin 166 1945-48 .. « ? 101 06256650 Badwater Creek at Lysite 415 1965-73 1966-68; ~ i 1970-73 Table 1. Selected streamflow-gaging stations in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued
Site Period of record in calendar years 1m number Station Drainage-basin Daily or monthly Annual peak Quality 3) (pi. 3) number Station name area (mi2) discharge or content discharge Chemical Sediment Biology m3) 102 06256670 Badwater Creek tributary near Lysite 5.86 1966-73 - - ~ O c 103 06256700 South Bridger Creek near Lysite - - 3) 10.0 1960-81 Om 104 06256800 Bridger Creek near Lysite 182 1965-73 1966-68; - CO 1970-73 O n n 105 06256900 Dry Creek near Bonneville 52.6 1965-81 1976-81 1966-68; - 3) m 1970-81 - - O 106 06257000 Badwater Creek at Bonneville 808 1947-73 1949-51; z 1960-61; O 1963-68; O c 1970-73 z 107 06257300 Shotgun Creek tributary near Pavillion 2.57 1961-81 - - - 108 06257500 Muddy Creek near Pavillion 267 1949-73 1949-51; 1949-51; ~ 1988-92 1961; 1964-68; 1970-72 109 06258000 Muddy Creek near Shoshoni 332 1949-68; 1953; 1949-51; ~ 1972-83 1982-84; 1960-61; 1986;1988 1964-68; 1982-85; 1988 110 06258010 Cottonwood Creek drain near Shoshoni NC ~ 1979-82 - 111 06258400 Birdseye Creek near Shoshoni 13.2 1959-72 - - - 112 06258500 Cottonwood Creek near Bonneville 165 1949-53 1949-50; 1976 113 06258900 Boysen Reservoir 7,700 1>2 1951-93 114 06259000 Wind River below Boysen Reservoir 7,701 2 1951-93 1953-54; 1979-86 1973-87 1956; 1960-92 115 06637550 Sweetwater River near South Pass City 177 1958-73 1974-81 1975-78 1975-78 ~ 116 06637600 Willow Creek near Atlantic City 3.08 1957-58 - - - 117 06637700 Willow Creek near South Pass City 9.21 1957-58 - - - 118 06637740 Sweetwater River above Rock Creek, near Atlantic City NC - 1981 - 119 06637750 Rock Creek above Rock Creek Reservoir 49.2 2 1962-93 1978 1975 Table 1 . Selected streamflow-gaging stations in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued
Site Period of record in calendar years number Station Drainage-basi n Daily or monthly Annual peak Quality (pi. 3) number Station name area (mi2) discharge or content discharge Chemical Sediment Biology 120 06637800 Rock Creek near South Pass City 9.87 1957-60 - 121 06637850 Rock Creek near Atlantic City 14.6 1957 -- 122 06637900 Slate Creek near Atlantic City 5.92 1957-73 - 123 06637910 Rock Creek at Atlantic City 21.3 1957-76 - 1957-59; 1964-66; -- 1966-67; 1968; 1969-71; 1971-72; 1976 1976 124 06637950 Rock Creek at Oregon Trail Crossing, near Atlantic NC 1981 City 125 06638000 Sweetwater River near Atlantic City 438 1946-51 ------126 06638090 Sweetwater River near Sweetwater Station 849 1973-92 - - - 127 06638100 Sweetwater River at Sweetwater Station, near Lander 889 - 1965-73 - - 128 06638300 West Fork Crooks Creek near Jeffrey City 11.6 - 1961-81 1976-78 1976-78 -
'Stage record or stage record and instantaneous discharge measurements only. 2Currently in operation (1993). 3Part of drainage area is non-contributing or does not contribute directly to surface runoff. 4Approximate.
i Table 2. Streamflow characteristics at selected streamflow-gaging stations in Fremont County, Wyoming [Site number: Simplified site number used in this report to identify location of streamflow-gaging stations, mi2, square miles; Qa, average annual flow, in cubic feet per second, number in parentheses is average annual runoff, in inches'per year; M, Mountainous Region; P, Plains Region; H, High Desert Region (classification from Lowham, 1988, p. 18; pi. 1); Pt, annual peak flow, in cubic feet per second, with subscript designating the average recurrence interval in years (data are from Peterson, 1988, p. 30-89 and p. 322-331). The peak flows listed are estimates based on a Pearson Type III probability distribution of gaged discharges; Factors affecting natural flow: descriptions are from Peterson, 1988, p. 30-89 and p. 322-331; , not computed] COUNTYFREMONTOFRESOURCESWATERB Site Drainage- number basin area (pi. 3) Station name (ml2) Qa P2 P5 P10 P25 P50 P100 Factors affecting natural flow 1 Wind River near 232 178 1,230 1,540 1,710 1,910 2,050 2,180 Diversions above station for irrigation of about Dubois (10.4)M 2,300 acres.
5 East Fork Wind River 427 261 3,780 5,090 5,880 6,800 7,440 8,040 Diversions above station for irrigation of about near Dubois (8.3)M 2,000 acres. 7 Dinwoody Creek above 88.2 142 945 1,120 1,240 1,370 1,470 1,570 No diversion above station. lakes, near Burris (22)M 8 Dinwoody Creek near 100 140 999 1,220 1,350 1,510 1,630 1,740 Diversions above station for irrigation of about Burris (20)M 1,700 acres below station since 1936. Natural regulation by Dinwoody Lake and other small lakes. 10 Dry Creek near Burris 53.7 45 418 698 905 1,190 1,410 1,640 Diversions above station for irrigation of about 100 acres.
12 Crow Creek near 30.2 22 318 420 478 542 585 624 No diversion above station. Tipperary (9.9)M 14 Willow Creek near 55.4 16 214 397 560 822 1,060 1,350 Small diversion above station for irrigation of about Crowheart (3.9)M 100 acres. 18 Bull Lake Creek above 187 302 2,270 2,840 3,190 3,600 3,890 4,160 No diversions above station. Bull Lake (22)M 20 Bull Lake Creek near 2213 3291 Flow completely regulated by Bull Lake 2.8 miles Lenore upstream since April 1938. Diversions above station 4273 for irrigation of about 730 acres below station. 21 Wind River near 1,891 1,240 Some regulation by Bull Lake on Bull Lake Creek. Crowheart Diversions above station for irrigation of about 25,000 acres. Table 2. Streamflow characteristics at selected streamflow-gaging stations in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued
Site Drainage- number basin area (pi. 3) Station name (mi2) 10 SO ioo Factors affecting natural flow 32 Wind River at Riverton 2,309 789 Some regulation by Bull Lake beginning in 1938 and Pilot Butte Reservoir beginning in 1926, combined capacity 182,000 acre-feet. Diversions above station for irrigation of about 128,000 acres above and below station. The Wyoming Canal of the Riverton project is the major diversion. (See Peterson, 1988, p. 52 for further remarks). 35 Little Wind River near 117 123 Flow regulated by Washakie Reservoir (capacity Fort Washakie 7,800 acre-feet). Natural flow of stream affected by transbasin diversions from North Fork and diversions for irrigation above station. 38 North Fork Little Wind 128 115 1,090 1,710 2,130 2,680 3,090 3,500 Natural flow of stream affected by diversions for River at Fort Washakie (14)M irrigation of about 1,000 acres and by transbasin diversions above station to Pevah Creek. 51 North Popo Agie River 98.4 122 1,190 1,850 2,360 3,090 3,690 4,340 Two small diversions above station for irrigation of hay near Milford (17)M meadows. 52 North Popo Agie River 134 106 1,150 1,660 1,980 2,340 2,600 2,840 Diversions above station for irrigation of about near Lander 3,000 acres. 54 Little Popo Agie River 5.99 9.2 -- Flow regulated by Christina Lake 0.6 mile upstream, near Atlantic City capacity 3,860 acre-feet. No diversion above station. 55 Little Popo Agie River 125 80 714 1,110 1,370 1,680 1,900 2,120 Diversions above station for irrigation of about near Lander (9)M 540 acres. Slight regulation by Christina Lake. 57 Monument Draw at 8.38 0.07 232 502 736 1,090 1,400 1,740 - lower station, near (H)H Hudson 59 Little Popo Agie River 384 95 684 935 1,110 1 ,340 1 ,520 I,710 Diversions above station for irrigation of about at Hudson 3,000 acres. 67 Little Wind River near 1,904 591 Diversion above station for irrigation of about 9 3J Riverton 62,900 acres. m > 73 Muskrat Creek near 733 3.5 781 2,020 3,370 5,870 8,450 II,800 Bureau of Land Management has extensive spreader Sn Shoshoni (0.06)P and detention systems on some of the tributaries above O station. Table 2. Streamflow characteristics at selected streamflow-gaging stations in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued
5 Site Drainage- m number basin area 31 (pi. 3) Station name (mi2) Qa P2 PS P10 P2s PSO PI oo Factors affecting natural flow 31 m 74 Fivemile Creek above 118 2.3 Flow regulated by Bureau of Indian Affairs reservoir 0 Wyoming Canal, near system approximately 10.5 miles upstream. Diversions 31 Pavillion above station for irrigation of about 320 acres. 0 m 86 Fivemile Creek near 2356 78 Flow regulated by operation of Wyoming Canal O n Riverton Spillway. Bureau of Indian Affairs has a reservoir n system in the headwaters. 31 m 92 Fivemile Creek near 2418 157 Natural flow of stream affected by regulation of Bureau O z Shoshoni of Indian Affairs reservoir system in the headwaters, -1 diversion for irrigation, and return flow from irrigated o areas. c0 z 99 Badwater Creek at 131 8.7 161 369 574 928 1,270 1,690 Diversions above station for irrigation of about < Lybyer Ranch, near (0.90)M 350 acres. Lost Cabin 105 Dry Creek near 52.6 2.8 193 511 847 1 ,440 2,040 2,770 Diversions above station for irrigation of about Bonneville (0.72)P 200 acres. 106 Badwater Creek at 808 23 1,570 3,760 5,910 9,540 13,000 17,100 Diversion above station for irrigation of about Bonneville (0.39)P 3, 100 acres. 108 Muddy Creek near 267 4.8 395 985 1,550 2,480 3,330 4,310 Flow regulated by Bureau of Indian Affairs reservoir Pavillion (0.24)P system. The flow also is affected by several small spreader dike systems and diversions for irrigation of about 1,500 acres above station (See Peterson, 1988, p. 84 for further remarks). 109 Muddy Creek near 332 22 Natural flow of stream affected by regulation of Bureau Shoshoni of Indian Affairs reservoir system in the headwaters, diversions for irrigation, and return flow for irrigated areas. 114 Wind River below 7,701 1,450 Flow regulated by Boysen Reservoir since October Boysen Reservoir 1951. Natural flow also affected by Bull Lake, Pilot Butte Reservoir, and several small reservoirs, combined capacity 190,000 acre-feet, and diversions above station for irrigation of about 196,000 acres. Table 2. Streamflow characteristics at selected streamflow-gaging stations in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued
Site Drainage- number basin area (pi. 3) Station name (mi2) Qa P2 P5 P10 P25 P50 PI oo Factors affecting natural flow 115 Sweetwater River near 177 65 648 972 1,180 1,440 1,630 1,810 Diversions above station for irrigation of about South Pass City (5.0)M 950 acres. Transbasin diversion from Little Sandy Creek to Lander along Lander Creek (tributary to Sweetwater River above station). 119 Rock Creek above 29.2 8.8 113 151 175 203 224 244 No diversions above station. Rock Creek Reservoir (13)M 122 Slate Creek near 5.92 6.0 76 181 272 403 510 621 Flow affected by diversion above station from Rock Atlantic City Creek into Slate Creek basin during some periods since 1963. No diversions above station for irrigation. 123 Rock Creek at Atlantic 21.3 13 Flow regulated by Rock Creek Reservoir 3.0 miles City upstream since October 1961, capacity 2,800 acre-feet. 126 Sweetwater River near 849 148 Transbasin diversion by Continental Divide ditch Sweetwater Station diverts water from Little Sandy Creek (tributary to Sweetwater River). A transbasin diversion diverts water from Sweetwater River into Pacific Creek (tributary to Big Sandy River in Green River basin).
'Average annual runoff represents average water depth, in inches, over the entire drainage basin. Approximate. 3Before construction of Bull Lake Dam. 4After construction of Bull Lake Dam.
DO m > n O Table 3. Miscellaneous streamflow sites in Fremont County, Wyoming [Site number: Simplified site number used in this report to identify miscellaneous streamflow sites. Miscellaneous streamflow site number: Assigned by the U.S. Geological Survey to locations where only one or a few measurements or samples have been obtained. The first six digits designate latitude of the site, the next seven digits designate longitude, and the m last two digits are sequence numbers to distinguish between several sites that may be in close proximity of one another; , miscellaneous streamflow site not assigned] 30 30 m w O Location Miscellaneous streamflow (degrees, minutes, seconds) 30 Site number O m (pi. 3) site number Latitude Longitude Site name w 501 424743108484001 42 47 43 1084840 Gaylor and Warnock Ditch near Lander O 502 424807108493801 42 48 07 108 49 38 Squaw Creek above Ferguson Gulch, near Lander 30 m 503 424856108484601 42 48 56 108 48 46 Squaw Creek above Grimmetts Gulch, near Lander O 504 424858108484701 42 48 58 108 48 47 Grimmetts Gulch near Lander 505 425008108445401 42 50 08 108 44 54 Squaw Creek at Smith Street, at Lander
506 425135108425401 425135 108 42 54 North Fork Popo Agie River near confluence of Middle Fork Popo Agie River, near Lander 507 425259108523401 42 52 59 108 52 34 Surrell Creek near Milford 508 425348108351301 42 53 48 1083513 Little Popo Agie River near Hudson 509 425513108485801 42 55 13 108 48 58 Ray Canal below 65-C Lateral near Milford 510 425515108485401 42 55 15 108 48 54 65-C Lateral at headworks, near Milford
511 425524108465701 42 55 24 108 46 57 65-C- 19 Lateral at headworks, near Milford 512 425605108515401 42 56 05 1085154 Mill Creek above Ray Canal, near Wind River 513 425646108473901 425646 108 47 39 Unnamed Drain to Mill Creek on Ethete Road, near Fort Washakie 514 425709108521201 425709 108 52 12 Ray Canal at siphon, near Wind River 515 425710108460701 42 57 10 108 46 07 Mill Creek below Coolidge Canal, near Wind River
516 425713108485601 42 57 13 108 48 56 Ray Reservoir outlet near Wind River 517 425716108520401 42 57 16 108 52 04 37-C lateral at headworks, near Wind River 518 425730108461201 42 57 30 1084612 McCaskey Drain above Coolidge Canal, near Wind River 519 425744108294901 425744 108 29 49 Arapahoe Pond Wetland near Arapahoe 520 425803108295601 42 58 03 1082956 Blue Cloud Road Drain near Arapahoe Table 3. Miscellaneous streamflow sites in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued
Location Site number Miscellaneous streamflow (degrees, minutes, seconds) (pi. 3) site number Latitude Longitude Site name 521 425819108263701 42 58 19 1082637 35- A Drain near Turnout 153, near Arapahoe 522 425829108521801 42 58 29 108 52 18 Alkali Lake Outlet above Trout Creek below canal, near Wind River 523 425849108550701 42 58 49 108 55 07 Ray Canal below Trout Creek, near Fort Washakie 524 425850108355001 42 58 50 108 35 50 Sharp Nose Draw near mouth, near Arapahoe 525 425850108550701 42 58 50 108 55 07 Trout Creek below Ray Canal, near Wind River
526 425852108252201 42 58 52 108 25 22 St. Stephens Drain near mouth, near Riverton 527 425857108352101 42 58 57 108 35 21 Sub Agency Ditch at auxiliary gage, near Arapahoe 528 425901108372101 42 59 01 108 37 21 Sharp Nose Drain above Little Wind River, near Arapahoe 529 425923108245301 42 59 23 1082453 Drain below Ore Pile, Wind River Indian Reservation 530 425931108370201 425931 108 37 02 Little Wind River above Sub Agency Ditch, near Arapahoe
531 425934108365301 42 59 34 108 36 53 Sub Agency Ditch at headworks, near Arapahoe 532 425955108405301 42 59 55 1084053 14-B Lateral below Mill Creek, near Ethete 533 425956108405201 42 59 56 108 40 52 Mill Creek below 14-B Lateral, near Ethete 534 425958108403501 42 59 58 108 40 35 Mill Creek above Little Wind River, near Ethete 535 430015108403601 43 00 15 108 40 36 Lower Hansen Drain above Little Wind River, near Ethete
536 430036108525801 43 00 36 108 52 58 South Fork Little Wind River at Fort Washakie 537 430040108525901 43 00 40 1085259 North Fork Little Wind River at Fort Washakie 538 430045108480001 43 00 45 108 48 00 Coolidge Canal below Trout Creek, near Ethete 539 430114108431001 43 01 14 1084310 Ethete Drain above Little Wind River, near Ethete 540 430129108480101 43 01 29 108 48 01 Little Wind River near Ethete
541 430636108410701 43 06 36 108 41 07 18-A Drain near Kinnear (/)H 542c/tl 430647108412101 43 06 47 1084121 15-A Drain near Kinnear 3) 5 543 430648108413201 43 06 48 108 41 32 Johnstown Spur Road Drain near Kinnear | 544 430906108434901 43 09 06 108 43 49 Wind River above Johnstown Canal, near Kinnear 1 545 431109108380801 43 1 1 09 108 38 08 Ocean Lake Drain no. 7 near Kinnear wIS) Table 3. Miscellaneous streamflow sites in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued
Location Site number Miscellaneous streamflow (degrees, minutes, seconds) RESOURCESWATEROF (pi. 3) site number Latitude Longitude Site name 546 431135108331901 43 1135 108 33 19 Pond no. 4 near Midvale 547 431240108372201 43 1240 108 37 22 Ocean Lake Drain no. 6 near Pavillion 548 431252108520501 43 1252 108 52 05 Wind River at Swinging Bridge, near Morton 549 431319108565401 43 13 19 108 56 54 Wind River below Diversion Dam, near Morton n 3) 550 431612108355601 43 16 12 108 35 56 State Wildlife Management Pond near Pavillion sm o Z 551 431707109105201 43 17 07 109 1052 Willow Creek Canal at headworks, near Crowheart COUNTYr 552 431744109123001 43 1744 109 12 30 Meadow Creek Canal at headworks, near Crowheart 553 431757109082601 43 17 57 109 08 26 Willow Creek near confluence of Big Wind River, near Crowheart 554 431758109082301 43 17 58 1090823 Willow Creek above Wind River, near Crowheart 555 431907108202501 431907 108 20 25 Middle Reservoir near Midvale
556 431911109094101 43 19 11 1090941 44-C Draw near Crowheart 557 431938108151901 43 19 38 108 15 19 Sand Mesa inflow ditch near Shoshoni 558 431945109115501 43 19 45 109 11 55 Kane Draw near Crowheart 559 431950109085501 43 19 50 109 08 55 Crow Creek near confluence of Big Wind River, near Lenore 560 432020109174001 43 20 20 109 17 40 Dry Creek above Dry Creek Canal, near Burris
561 432025109115401 43 20 25 109 1154 Cottonwood Draw near Crowheart 562 432050109115601 43 20 50 1091156 Little Cottonwood Drain near Crowheart 563 432208109151401 43 22 08 109 15 14 Lower Wind River "A" Canal at headworks, near Burris 564 432302109215601 43 23 02 109 21 56 Dinwoody Canal at headworks, near Wilderness 565 432430109252001 43 24 30 109 25 20 Red Creek near confluence of Big Wind River, near Wilderness, near Dubois
566 432609109205001 432609 109 20 50 Upper Wind River "A" Canal at headworks, near Wilderness 567 433027109092701 43 30 27 1090927 Red Creek above Maverick Springs Road, near Lenore 568 433155109054301 433155 109 05 43 Dry Creek above Maverick Springs Road, near Lenore 569 -- 433051 109 34 10 Jakeys Fork near Dubois 570 -- 433008 1093319 Torrey Creek near Dubois Table 3. Miscellaneous streamflow sites in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued
Location Site number Miscellaneous streamflow (degrees, minutes, seconds) (pi. 3) site number Latitude Longitude Site name 571 -- 43 35 00 109 27 20 Bear Creek near Dubois 572 - 43 32 22 109 27 54 Wiggins Fork near Dubois 573 -- 42 58 42 1085557 Crooked Creek near Fort Washakie 574 - 42 50 53 108 44 58 Baldwin Creek near Lander 575 -- 42 50 36 1084447 Squaw Creek near Lander
576 422258108541201 42 22 58 108 54 12 Sweetwater River above Highway 28 bridge, near South Pass City 577 422258108541101 42 22 58 1085411 Spears Meadows Creek above mouth, near South Pass City 578 422122108504301 422122 1085043 Sweetwater River near Hay Ranch, near South Pass City 579 422132108504401 422132 1085044 Fish Creek above mouth, near South Pass City 580 422250108453301 42 22 50 108 45 33 Sweetwater River above Pine Creek, near South Pass City
581 422251108453101 422251 1084531 Pine Creek at mouth, near South Pass City 582 422317108393701 422317 108 39 37 Sweetwater River at Armstrong Ranch, near South Pass City 583 422320108390201 42 23 20 108 39 02 Willow Creek at Armstrong Ranch, near South Pass City 584 422334108371801 42 23 34 108 37 18 Sweetwater River above Rock Creek, near South Pass City 585 422334108371701 42 23 34 108 37 17 Rock Creek at mouth, near South Pass City
586 422258108370801 42 22 58 108 37 08 Site lOa, Long Slough near South Pass City 587 422345108353201 42 23 45 108 35 32 Sweetwater River above Harris Slough, near South Pass City 588 422343108352801 42 23 43 108 35 28 Harris Slough at mouth, near South Pass City 589 422423108320501 42 24 23 108 32 05 Sweetwater River at Wilson Bar, near South Pass City 590 422442108284801 42 24 42 1082848 Site 13a, Granite Creek near South Pass City
591 422551108291501 422551 108 29 15 Site 13b, Strawberry Creek near South Pass City STREAMFL 592 422712108240401 42 27 12 108 24 04 Sweetwater River below Chimney Creek, near Sweetwater Station 593 422757108232801 42 27 57 108 23 28 Site 15, Arnold Ditch near Sweetwater Station 594 422936108154601 42 29 36 108 1546 Sweetwater River above Alkali Creek, near Sweetwater Station O 595 422930108153801 42 29 30 108 1538 Alkali Creek above mouth, near Sweetwater Station Table 3. Miscellaneous streamflow sites in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued
Location Im Site number Miscellaneous streamflow (degrees, minutes, seconds) 3D (pl- 3) site number Latitude Longitude Site name 3D m 596 423029108141701 42 30 29 1081417 Site 1 8a, Graham and Farmsley Ditch No. 1 near Sweetwater Station (0o 597 423028108141501 42 30 28 1081415 Site 1 8b, Graham and Farmsley Ditch No. 2 near Sweetwater Station 3D O m 598 423031108140901 423031 108 14 09 Site 1 9, Sweetwater River near Sweetwater Station (0 O n 599 423236108102801 42 32 36 1081028 Site 21, Russell Ditch near Sweetwater Station n 3D 600 423451108043201 423451 1080432 Sweetwater River above Scarlett Ranch, near Sweetwater Station m O 601 423321107574101 42 33 21 1075741 Site 22a, Ditch at Graham Ranch, near Sweetwater Station O O 602 423328107572301 42 33 28 107 57 23 Sweetwater River at Graham Ranch, near Sweetwater Station 603 423031107515301 423031 1075153 Site 23a, Emigrant Ditch at Mclntosh Ranch, near Jeffrey City 604 423035107514801 42 30 35 1075148 Sweetwater River at Mclntosh Ranch, near Jeffrey City 605 423136107470901 423136 1074709 Sweetwater River near Jeffrey City
606 423124107414801 4231 24 10741 48 Site 25a, Unnamed Ditch below Jeffrey City 607 423134107415401 423134 107 41 54 Sweetwater River below Jeffrey City 608 423140107384701 423140 1073847 Sage Hen Creek above mouth, below Jeffrey City 609 423058107382401 42 30 58 1073824 Sweetwater River at Agate Flat bridge, below Jeffrey City 610 422857107370601 42 28 57 107 37 06 Cottonwood Creek at Hwy 287 bridge, near Split Rock
611 422907107363701 42 29 07 1073637 Sweetwater River above Split Rock 10,000
SITE 106 1,000 BADWATER CREEK AT BONNEVILLE 06257000 100 Ephemeral stream
10
Daily discharges that are equal to 1 zero were converted to 0.01 for graphing purposes 0.1
Q Z 0.01 o o Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept 111 1952 1953 (/) 2] 10,000 Q_ H- SITE1 1,000 WIND RIVER NEAR DUBOIS 06218500 o Perennial stream CD 100 o £= 10 LU
O (O 0.1 Q
0.01 I____I_____I_____|_____I_____I_____I_____I Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept 1952 1953
< 10,000
SITE 18 1,000 BULL LAKE CREEK ABOVE BULL LAKE 06224000 100 Perennial stream affected by glaciers
10
1
0.1
0.01 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept 1952 1953
Figure 5. Daily mean discharge for an ephemeral stream, a perennial stream, and a perennial stream affected by glaciers for water year 1953.
STREAMFLOW 27 Average Annual Runoff
Average annual flow (Qa) is a measure of streamflow past a reference point. Average annual runoff distributes that flow across the drainage basin and is a useful estimate of how much water a watershed/drainage basin will produce. Average annual runoff was computed for selected streamflow-gaging stations in the county that have a minimum period of record of 5 years and that monitor streamflow that has not been substantially affected by artificial diversions, storage, or human activities in or on the stream channels (table 2). The process of computing the average annual runoff in ungaged basins is described by Lowham (1988).
Surface-water runoff in Fremont County varies greatly, from the Mountainous Regions in the western, northwestern, and southeastern parts of the county, to the lower Plains Region in the central and eastern parts of the county, to the High Desert Region in the west-central and southern parts of the county (pi. 3 and table 2). These hydrologic regions were defined by Lowham (1988) in a comprehensive study of streamflows in Wyoming. Each region has distinct runoff characteristics based on climatic, topographic, and geologic conditions. Lowham (1988, p. 18; pi. 1) defined the region boundaries by the use of color-infrared imagery and known streamflow characteristics.
Average annual runoff from drainages in the Mountainous Regions of the county is a function of climatic factors and physical characteristics of the drainage basins. Important climatic variables are precipitation, temperature, wind, evaporation, and solar radiation. Climatic conditions of an intermontane drainage basin are related to the physical conditions of basin altitude and the relative topographic position of the basin in the mountain range. Drainage-basin size is the most important physical characteristic. Water storage in lakes, ponds, and aquifers has some effect on total runoff, but to a lesser degree than the climatic conditions and drainage-basin size (Rankl, 1987, p. 30).
The average annual runoff for 15 streamflow-gaging stations that record runoff mostly from the Mountainous Regions of the county ranged from 0.90 to 22 in/yr (table 2). The runoff at these streamflow- gaging stations is from the Wind River Range, except for sites 1, 12, and 99. The runoff at site 1 is from the Wind River and Absaroka Ranges; the runoff at site 12 is from the Absaroka Range, and the runoff at site 99 is from the Bridger Mountains. Flow at these sites drains into the Wind River drainage basin except for flow at sites 115, 119, 122, 123, and 126 that drains into the Sweetwater River drainage basin.
Average annual runoff of streams originating in the Plains and High Desert Regions of the county is a function of quantity and intensity of precipitation, drainage-basin area, evapotranspiration, and infiltration rate of the surficial material. Rainstorm intensities or snowmelt rates that exceed the infiltration rate of moisture into the surficial material produce runoff. According to Rankl (1987, p. 30), the contribution of ground-water inflows to streams originating in the Wind River Basin is minor. Irrigation storage, drainage structures, and stock ponds decrease the total runoff from a drainage basin because they increase evapotranspiration and other consumptive uses (Rankl, 1987, p. 30).
The average annual runoff for four streamflow-gaging stations that record runoff mostly from the Plains Region of the county ranged from 0.06 to 0.72 in/yr (table 2). The runoff at all of these streamflow-gaging stations is from the Wind River Basin, and flow at all of these sites drains into the Wind River drainage basin. Of the streamflow-gaging stations for which average annual flow was computed (table 2), none were identified by Lowham (1988) as measuring runoff mostly from the High Desert Region. However, Lowham did classify Monument Draw at lower station, near Hudson (site 57), as High Desert and estimated the mean annual flow from records of seasonal gages. Using his estimate of average annual flow (0.07 ft3/s), the average annual runoff for site 57 was 11 in/yr.
28 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Flow Duration
The flow-duration curve is a cumulative frequency curve of daily mean discharges that shows the percentage of time specified discharges were equaled or exceeded during a period of record. This curve does not account for the chronological sequence of hydrologic events, but combines the flow characteristics of a stream throughout its range of discharge. Flow-duration characteristics presented here and the methods used to develop the curves are from Peterson (1988, p. 2). The flow-duration curve applies only to the period of record for which it was developed. Streamflow data for complete years of record were used for the flow-duration curves. Although the years need not be consecutive, the records used represent periods when human activities such as reservoir storage and irrigation diversions remain unchanged.
Streamflow duration is dependent on the following drainage-basin characteristics: climate, physiography, geology, and land use. Drainage basins where these conditions are similar can have flow-duration curves that are similar in shape. High flow is controlled mainly by climate, physiography, and land use in the basin. Low flow is controlled mainly by the geology of the basin. Streamflow is the result of variable precipitation and the drainage-basin characteristics previously mentioned. The effects of precipitation on Streamflow are reduced by storage, either on the surface or in the ground (Searcy, 1959, p. 30).
Flow-duration curves can be used to evaluate the variability of Streamflow in the county (fig. 6). To illustrate the variability, flow-duration curves were developed for the three selected streamflow-gaging stations that represent each stream type. Site 106, Badwater Creek at Bonneville, is located in the Plains Region in the northeast part of the county. The flow-duration curve for site 106 indicates highly variable streamflows that are dependent primarily on direct surface runoff. During 1948-73, daily discharge for site 106 was less than 0.01 ft3/s 20 percent of the time and was 100 ft3/s or greater only 6 percent of the time (dashed line, fig. 6) during the same period. Site 1, Wind River near Dubois and site 18, Bull Lake Creek above Bull Lake measure stream- flow from the Mountainous Region in the western part of the county. The flat slope in the high-flow range of the flow-duration curve for both sites indicates high streamflows that are primarily sustained by snowmelt. The flatter slope in the low-flow range indicates sustained base flow (probably ground-water inflow) and charac terizes storage in the basin. The daily discharge for site 1 exceeds that for site 18 in the high-flow range probably because site 1 has a larger drainage basin (232 compared to 187 mi2). The reverse is true in the low-flow range because of the contribution of glacial meltwater from the Wind River Range during the summer.
The flow-duration curve for each site in figure 6 applies only to the period for which the curve was developed. For each site, all available records were used. Extended high flows of a wet year (or extended low flows of a dry year) tend to skew the curve on the high-flow (or low-flow) end, and care is needed when such curves are applied to specific years. The converse also is true, in that curves representing a short period of record do not necessarily represent long-term flow characteristics.
Low Flow
Frequency analysis of low-flow data provides information about water-supply conditions related to municipal, industrial, and irrigation uses, instream fisheries, and waste disposal. Indices generally used to describe low-flow characteristics of streams are the lowest mean discharges averaged over 7 consecutive days and having recurrence intervals of 2 and 10 years. For simplicity, these indices are referred to as the 7-day Ch (7Ch) and 7-day Cho (7Qio) discharges. In any given year, there is a 50-percent chance that the flow will not exceed the 7Q2 for 7 consecutive days (10-percent chance for the 7Qio)-
STREAMFLOW 29 10,000
Site 18, water years 1942-53; 1967-84 Perennial stream affected by glaciers
1,000
o o LLJ CO Site 1, water years 1946-84 CC 100 Perennial stream LU 0_
LU LJJ LL O 00 =) 10 O
LJJ
o CO Q Site 106, water years 1948-73 Ephemeral stream
0.1
0.01 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 95 98 PERCENTAGE OF TIME INDICATED FLOW WAS EQUALED OR EXCEEDED
Figure 6. Duration of daily mean discharge for site 106, Badwater Creek at Bonneville; site 1, Wind River near Dubois; and site 18, Bull Lake Creek above Bull Lake.
Seven-day low-flow discharges of selected streams are listed in table 4. The 7Q2 and 1Q\Q discharges per square mile (yields) also are listed in table 4 for comparison purposes. However, note that the 7Q2 and 7Q10 discharges in table 4 cannot be extrapolated to other reaches on the same stream or to other streams in the drainage basin without knowledge of the drainage-basin characteristics and without knowledge of the effects of human activities. Low-flow frequency values for the various stations cannot be directly compared because the values are based on different periods of record. For this table, records for Bull Lake Creek near Lenore (site 20) were divided into periods prior to and following the construction of Bull Lake Dam.
The hydrographs in figure 5 illustrate the differences in the occurrence of low flow between ephemeral and perennial streams. In ephemeral streams, low flow is zero flow. Most ephemeral streams are dry most of the time. Low flows in perennial streams occur in the winter (normally October through April) and are predominantly from ground-water inflows.
30 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Table 4. Seven-day low-flow discharges for selected streamflow-gaging stations in Fremont County, Wyoming [Site number: Simplified site number used in this report to identify location of streamflow-gaging stations; mi2, square miles; ft3/s, cubic feet per second; (ft /s)/mi2, cubic feet per second per square mile of drainage-basin area; , not computed]
Seven-day low-flow discharge for indicated Drainage- recurrence interval Site basin Length of 2 years 10 years number area record Discharge Yield Discharge Yield (pi. 3) Station name (mi2) (years) (tf/s) [(ft3/sVmi2] (tf/s) [(ft3/symi2] 1 Wind River near Dubois 232 38 45 0.19 36 0.16 5 East Fork Wind River near Dubois 427 13 36 .084 26 .061 7 Dinwoody Creek above lakes, near Burris 88.2 20 5.4 .061 2.5 .028 8 Dinwoody Creek near Burris 100 18 9.3 .093 0.65 .0065 10 Dry Creek near Burris 53.7 16 1.7 .032 0 0 12 Crow Creek near Tipperary 30.2 21 2.3 .076 1.1 .036 14 Willow Creek near Crowheart 55.4 14 4.1 .074 2.7 .049 18 Bull Lake Creek above Bull Lake 187 28 21 .11 12 .064 20 Bull Lake Creek near Lenore J 213 2 16 15 .070 0 0 345 15 .070 2.9 .014 21 Wind River near Crowheart 1,891 38 296 .157 208 .11 32 Wind River at Riverton 2,309 55 115 .050 40 .02 35 Little Wind River near Fort Washakie 117 18 16 .14 9.7 .083 38 North Fork Little Wind River at Fort Washakie 128 18 18 .14 11 .086 51 North Popo Agie River near Milford 98.4 17 11 .11 7.1 .072 52 North Popo Agie River near Lander 134 14 13 .097 6.9 .051 54 Little Popo Agie River near Atlantic City 5.99 15 0.56 .093 0.13 .022 55 Little Popo Agie River near Lander 125 25 19 .15 14 .11 59 Little Popo Agie River at Hudson 384 14 17 .044 2.2 .0057 67 Little Wind River near Riverton 1,904 42 117 .0614 67 .035 73 Muskrat Creek near Shoshoni 733 20 0 0 -- -- 74 Fivemile Creek above Wyoming Canal, near 118 25 0 0 - - Pavillion 86 Fivemile Creek near Riverton 1356 13 13 .037 4.8 .013 92 Fivemile Creek near Shoshoni '418 34 31 .074 20 .048 99 Badwater Creek at Lybyer Ranch, near Lost 131 19 0 0 ~ Cabin 105 Dry Creek near Bonneville 52.6 14 0 0 - -- 106 Badwater Creek at Bonneville 808 25 0 0 ~ -- 108 Muddy Creek near Pavillion 267 18 0 0 - -- 109 Muddy Creek near Shoshoni 332 29 0 0 0 0 114 Wind River below Boysen Reservoir 7,701 32 671 .087 359 .047 115 Sweetwater River near South Pass City 177 14 6.6 .037 2.8 .016 119 Rock Creek above Rock Creek Reservoir 49.2 21 1.1 .12 .76 .083 122 Slate Creek near Atlantic City 5.92 16 .52 .089 .17 .029 123 Rock Creek at Atlantic City 21.3 14 2.3 .11 1.3 .061 126 Sweetwater River near Sweetwater Station 849 10 14 .016 7.4 .009
'Approximate. 2Before construction of Bull Lake Dam. 3After construction of Bull Lake Dam. Part of drainage area is non-contributing or does not contribute directly to surface runoff.
STREAMFLOW 31 High Flow
High-flow characteristics of streams in the county vary with stream type. High flows in ephemeral streams are the result of lowland snowmelt or rainfall runoff during a winter or spring thaw or from summer thunderstorms. Snowmelt runoff usually is smaller in magnitude and longer in duration than rainfall runoff. Runoff from intense thunderstorms can be extremely large and of short duration. Magnitudes and durations of rainfall runoff depend on drainage-basin characteristics and on the distribution and intensity of precipitation. Peak flows in most ephemeral steams are reached quickly from rainfall runoff, and are followed by an equally rapid decrease in flows, with a gradual return to no-flow conditions. Because of these rapid changes in flow, the timing of streamflow measurements to include peak discharge on ephemeral streams is difficult. Peak flows on ephemeral streams usually are measured by indirect methods. Perennial streams generally have a period of high flow in May and June as mountain snowpacks melt. Diurnal fluctuations in flow are typical during snowmelt periods with successive daily flows increasing as daylight hours lengthen and temperatures increase.
This diurnal pattern, if uninterrupted by changing weather conditions, continues until peak flows occur. However, weather conditions have a substantial effect on snowmelt runoff, making peak flows difficult to predict.
The design of bridges and culverts for road crossings, dams, diversions, and other structures on or near streams requires information about expected peak-flow conditions (floods). If the stream has been gaged in the vicinity of the planned structure, statistical analysis of the annual maximum instantaneous flows for the period of record can be used to determine the magnitude and frequency of floods. If peak-flow records are not available, then an estimate generally is made using one of several other techniques that are available (Lowham, 1985, p. 34). For example, if a bridge, when built, was planned to be used for 20 or more years, the bridge was designed for the 100-year peak flow. The 100-year peak flow, or 100-year flood, for selected streamflow-gaging stations in the county is listed in table 2. A 100-year flood is defined as the annual maximum instantaneous (peak) discharge that will be equaled or exceeded once in 100 years, on the average. Alternately, the 100-year flood is the discharge that has a 1-percent chance of being equaled or exceeded during any particular year. Also listed in table 2 are the instantaneous peak flows with recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 50 years. The magnitude of these flows is listed for stations where the natural flow is not substantially affected by regulation, diversion, or irrigation. The method used to compute the instantaneous peak flows listed in table 2 is described in Peterson (1988, p. 3).
GROUND WATER
The quantity and quality of ground water in Fremont County differs in and between geologic units and is related to the lithology and the physical and geochemical properties of the rocks. Wells and springs in the county were inventoried during 1990-92. The purpose of this inventory was to evaluate wells and springs completed in and issuing from as many geologic units as possible, with as even a distribution across the county as possible. Data collected at each well or spring are used to estimate the quantity and quality of ground water at that site. Data collected for multiple wells and springs completed in or issuing from a single geologic unit are used to estimate the area of ground-water occurrence as well as the quantity and quality of ground water for that geologic unit in that area. These descriptions are provided in the following sections that discuss the types of data collected in selected geologic units: the relation of ground water to geology; recharge, movement, and discharge of ground water; and water-level changes. Water-quality analyses of samples collected from wells completed in and springs that issue from different geologic units in the county are described in the Ground- Water Quality section of this report.
32 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Ground-Water Data
During this study, the collected ground-water data consisted of water levels, well or spring discharges, and water quality. Data from selected wells and springs throughout the county are compiled in table 16 (at back of report). The compilation consists of the local number, year drilled, depth of well, primary use of water, altitude of land surface, water level, and discharge. The locations of selected wells and springs are shown on plate 2. Wells and springs are identified in this report by location, according to the Federal township-range system of land subdivision, and are assigned a local number. An example of a local number used in this report is 32-090-22ddc01 (fig. 7). The first number (32) denotes the township, the second number (090) denotes the range, and the third number (22) denotes the section. The first letter following the section number denotes the quarter section (160-acre tract); the second letter, the quarter-quarter section (40-acre tract); and the third letter, if shown, the quarter-quarter-quarter section (10-acre tract). These subsections are designated a, b, c, and d in a counter-clockwise direction, beginning in the northeast quadrant. The last two characters in the local number are a sequence number indicating the order of inventory. For example, in figure 7, spring 32-090-22ddc01 is the first spring inventoried in the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of the southeast quarter of sec. 22, T. 32 N., R. 090 W. All wells and springs in the county, except those in the Wind River Indian Reservation, have ranges west of the Sixth Principal Meridian and townships north of the 40th Parallel Base Line. In the Wind River Indian Reservation, the township-range system is based on the Wind River Meridian and Base Line system. Townships are denoted as north or south of the base line and ranges are denoted as east or west of the meridian (for example, !N-lE-34bcb01). In addition to the ground-water data published in this report, ground-water data is published in: (1) previous USGS investigation reports (such as, Morris and others, 1959; McGreevy and others, 1969; and Whitcomb and Lowry, 1968); (2) the USGS Water Resources Data report (published annually); and (3) various ground-water-level reports for the State. Beginning in 1987, a report "Ground-Water Levels in Wyoming" is published every 2 years and covers a 10-year period. Ground-water data can be obtained from computer files of the USGS. Requests for electronic data and/or published reports can be made to the District Chief, U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, 2617 E. Lincolnway, Suite B, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001-5662. Information such as well construction, initial water level, lithology, and well yields can be obtained from the Wyoming State Engineer. Inquiries should be made to the Groundwater Division Administrator, Herschler Building, 4th Floor-East, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82002.
Relation of Ground Water to Geology
"Ground water occurs in rocks in the open spaces between grains, in fractures, or in solution openings" (McGreevy and others, 1969, p. 112). Porosity, a measure of the void space in a rock, and permeability, a measure of the ability of a porous medium to transmit fluids, are important physical properties that affect the ability of a geologic unit to store water and to yield water to wells or springs. The source of the water filling the open spaces could be one or a combination of the following: infiltration of precipitation, irrigation water, or surface water; or leakage from other geologic units. All the geologic units that occur in the county may have water-yielding capabilities on a local scale. Even though water-yielding capabilities or aquifer characteristics of all the geologic units in the county have not been quantified, some geologic units are known to have better water-yielding capabilities than others. The lithology and water-yielding characteristics of 61 geologic units in the county are summarized in table 15 (at back of report). The surface distribution of these geologic units is shown on plate 1. Wells completed in and springs issuing from 35 geologic units that were inventoried either for this study or for previous studies are listed in table 16. The primary geologic unit for 52 of the inventoried wells is unknown. Terrace deposits can occur in the Quaternary alluvium and colluvium and in the Quaternary gravel, pediment, and fan deposits. In this report, terrace deposits are undifferentiated. Wells completed in and springs issuing from terrace deposits were assigned to Quaternary terrace deposits. Ground-water wells and springs
GROUND WATER 33 R. 91 W. R. 90 W. R. 89 W.
Figure 7. System for numbering wells and springs.
previously identified as completed in or issuing from the Arikaree Formation remain assigned to the Arikaree Formation. These sites most correctly would be assigned to the Split Rock Formation of Tertiary age. However, neither the Split Rock Formation nor the Arikaree Formation is shown on plate 1. The geologic map in this report (pi. 1) was modified from the State geologic map by Love and Christiansen (1985, sheet 1). Since the publication of the State geologic map (1985), Love and others (1992) published the stratigraphic nomenclature chart for Wyoming, which indicates that the Split Rock Formation is mapped as Miocene rocks on the State geologic map (1985). During this study, to be consistent with the geologic map in this report, wells and springs that were identified as completed in or issuing from the Split Rock Formation were assigned to Miocene rocks. Precambrian rocks include nine geologic units shown on plate 1. These units were not subdivided during the hydrologic inventory that was made during this study.
Water levels typically are measured using a steel tape but also can be made using an electrical or pressure- change-sensing device. Static water levels reflect the geologic unit's water-bearing characteristics. However, effects beyond the investigator's control can make accurate measurements of the static water level impossible. For example, a well that is pumping, that has been pumped recently, or that is near another pumping well will have a water level lower than the static water level as a result of drawdown in the well caused by the pumping. If a water level is affected by one of these factors, it is indicated in table 16. In the following text, when a range of water levels is given, the range is only for measured static water levels. Reported or estimated water levels also are excluded from the range but might be referenced in the text. The source of reported or estimated water levels is usually from other government agency data bases, driller's logs, or the well owner.
Discharge measurements typically are made using a weir, flume, or flow meter. Discharge from a well that is not flowing does not represent a geologic unit's true water-yielding characteristics. The discharge from a pumped well is affected by the bore-hole diameter, pump capacity and efficiency, type and size of openings in the casing, type of filter pack, and thickness and permeability of the saturated interval penetrated. Discharge from a spring that is not developed represents the water yield that the geologic unit is capable of producing at
34 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY that site. In this report, the range of discharge given for wells and springs includes measured, reported, or estimated discharges, and measured discharges that were affected by pumping. The source of reported or estimated discharges is usually from other government agency data bases, driller's logs, or the well owner.
The geologic units are organized by geologic age in the following discussions. The groups are discussed in descending order (from youngest to oldest): Quaternary deposits and Tertiary, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, and Precambrian rocks. The groups and following discussion are limited to the 35 geologic units with inventoried sites during this and previous studies (table 16). The same groupings are used to organize the Ground-Water Quality section of this report.
Quaternary Deposits
Quaternary deposits in the county consist of alluvium and colluvium; gravel, pediment, and fan deposits; glacial deposits; landslide deposits; dune sand and loess; playa lake and other lacustrine deposits; and basalt flows and intrusive igneous rocks. Lithologies, which are described in table 15, vary for each geologic unit. The most areally extensive Quaternary deposits in the county are alluvium and colluvium; gravel, pediment, and fan deposits; and dune sand and loess.
Quaternary deposits with inventoried sites during this and previous studies include alluvium and colluvium; glacial deposits; landslide deposits; and dune sand and loess. The wells and spring identified as completed in or issuing from terrace deposits (table 16) could be completed in or issuing from terrace deposits either in alluvium and colluvium or gravel, pediment, and fan deposits. Sixty wells completed in and five springs issuing from these geologic units are listed in table 16.
Most of the wells (49) and springs (2) in Quaternary deposits were identified as completed in or issued from alluvium and colluvium. The water from these sites was used primarily for domestic supplies. The well depth for 46 wells ranged from 8.6 to 150 ft. Well discharge rates ranged from 4 to 200 gal/min. One spring (30-090-16adc01), that is located in the southeast part of the county and that issues from the alluvium and colluvium of Sage Hen Creek, had a measured discharge of 10 gal/min in July 1965. Depth to water ranged from 1 to 18 ft below land surface. Several reported water levels were deeper than the maximum measured water level; the deepest reported water level was 30 ft below land surface.
Nine wells and one spring that were inventoried were completed in or issued from terrace deposits. The well depth for seven wells ranged from 19 to 70 ft. The discharge from two wells southeast of Lander was measured at 8 gal/min in June 1991. One spring (!N-lW-29bdb01), which is located northwest of Lander, had an estimated discharge of 0.2 gal/min. Depth to water was 8 ft in well 4N-4W-23bab01 in August 1989 and 10 ft in well 4N-4E-23acd01 in December 1951. All other water levels for wells listed in table 16 either were affected by pumping or were reported.
Of the remaining inventoried sites for Quaternary deposits, two wells are completed in glacial deposits, one spring issues from landslide deposits, and another spring issues from dune sand and loess. The 45-foot deep well (3N-2W-17acb01) had a measured water level of 35 ft in September 1964. The spring (43-108-22abb01) that issues from landslide deposits in the valley along DuNoir Creek had a measured discharge of 21 gal/min in May 1992. The spring (37-089-3 IcccOl) that issues from dune sand and loess east of Shoshoni near the county line had a measured discharge of 28 gal/min in August 1991. Although only one spring was inventoried, dune sand and loess could be a significant source of water for small supplies (less than 50 gal/min) because of its areal extent in the northeast part of the county. Whitcomb and Lowry (1968, p. 3) noted that water yields for those wind-blown deposits generally are "...adequate for stock or domestic supplies...."
GROUND WATER 35 Tertiary Rocks Inventoried sites in 12 of 24 geologic units in Tertiary rocks (table 15) are in table 16: Miocene rocks; the Arikaree, White River, Tepee Trail, Wagon Bed, and Bridger Formations; the Crooks Gap Conglomerate; the Laney Member of the Green River Formation; and the Wasatch, Battle Spring, Wind River, and Fort Union Formations. Two hundred wells completed in and 22 springs issuing from these geologic units are listed in table 16. Geologic units that are described in this report include the Miocene rocks, the Arikaree, White River, and the Wind River Formations.
In the State Stratigraphic Nomenclature Chart, the nomenclature assigned to the Miocene rocks geologic unit by Love and others (1992, sheet 1) is the Split Rock Formation. In addition to Miocene rocks and Split Rock Formation nomenclature, previous investigators also used Arikaree Formation. In this report, the authors chose not to change the geologic nomenclature for sites assigned to the Arikaree Formation. However, to be consistent with the geologic map in this report, new sites inventoried during this study were assigned to Miocene rocks.
Miocene rocks crop out in a wedge-shaped pattern that begins west of Sweetwater Station and extends east to the county line. Love and Christiansen (1985, sheet 2) describe Miocene rocks as "...soft tuffaceous sandstones." Locally derived conglomerate occurs in upper and lower parts of this geologic unit. The water bearing and -yielding characteristics of Miocene rocks are assumed to be comparable to those of the Split Rock or the Arikaree Formation. Eight wells that are completed in and one spring that issues from Miocene rocks were inventoried during this and previous studies (table 16). Well depth ranged from 65 to 1,080 ft. For all the sites listed in table 16, the water was used for livestock. Well discharge ranged from 3 to 20 gal/min. One spring (30-095-13adc01), which is located northeast of Sweetwater Station, had a measured discharge of 0.6 gal/min in June 1991. Two wells were flowing when inventoried in 1991. Depth to water for the non-flowing wells ranged from 24.07 to 94.83 ft below land surface. Other water levels were affected by pumping or were reported by the owner or someone else.
Whitcomb and Lowry's (1968, sheet 1) map of the Wind River Basin shows that the Arikaree Formation crops out west of Sweetwater Station and extends east to the county line. This outcrop area corresponds to the same area mapped as Miocene rocks on the State geologic map by Love and Christiansen (1985, sheet 1). The Arikaree Formation is described in Richter (1981, p. 47) as a fine- to medium-grained sandstone in the upper part and a pebble and cobble conglomerate in the lower part. The water from 17 wells and 2 springs was used primarily for livestock. The well depth ranged from 25 to 1,000 ft. Well discharge ranged from 3 to 1,100 gal/min; one spring (27-097-12caa01) in the southern part of the county had an estimated discharge of 360 gal/min in June 1990. Depth to water ranged from 12 to 220.8 ft below land surface.
The White River Formation is a "...blocky tuffaceous clay stone and lenticular arkosic conglomerate" (Love and Christiansen, 1985, sheet 2). The water from eight wells and seven springs (table 16) was used for watering livestock. Well depth ranged from 135 to 326 ft. Well discharge ranged from 7 to 25 gal/min; spring discharge ranged from 1 to 40 gal/min. Most of the water levels that are listed in table 16 were affected by pumping or were reported. One static water level in well 31-095-3 IdddOl (located between Sand Draw and Sweetwater Station) was 68.16 ft below land surface in June 1991; the static water level measured in well 31-094-33dcb01, located in the same area, was 177 ft below land surface in January 1962.
The Wind River Formation is the most areally extensive water-bearing unit that occurs at the surface. This geologic unit is exposed from the west-central part to the northeast and south-central parts of the county and is composed of "variegated claystone and sandstone; lenticular conglomerate" (Love and Christiansen, 1985, sheet 2). The water-bearing characteristics of the Wind River Formation were variable throughout the county. Water in the Wind River Formation occurs under unconfined and confined conditions (Morris and others, 1959, p. 26; McGreevy and others, 1969, p. 122-123). In the Riverton and Gas Hills area, wells used for irrigation, industrial, and public supply purposes yield large supplies (greater than 300 gal/min), whereas wells developed for livestock and domestic purposes yield smaller supplies (less than 50 gal/min) through-out the rest of the county (Whitcomb and Lowry, 1968, sheet 3). Richter (1981, p. 48) reported a maximum yield of 3,000 gal/min from a well completed in the Wind River Formation.
36 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY The largest number of documented well completions is in the Wind River Formation. Forty-eight percent of the wells listed in table 16 are completed in the Wind River Formation. Records of 157 wells that are completed in and 2 springs that issue from the Wind River Formation were inventoried during this or previous studies. Most of the wells that are listed in table 16 were used for livestock or domestic purposes. Well depth ranged from 35 to 2,210 ft. Well discharge ranged from 1 to 250 gal/min. A well discharge of 350 gal/min was reported from well 33-090-26bdc01, which is located near Gas Hills. Two springs near the east border of the county, 33-090-28abb01 (near Gas Hills) and 37-089-ISadaOl (near Moneta), had discharges estimated at 2 gal/min. Thirteen wells that are listed in table 16 were flowing at the time of inventory. One well (38-090-llcaaOl) was reported as flowing in June 1965. Depth to water in other wells ranged from 1.00 to 533.0 ft below land surface.
Mesczoic Rocks
Sixteen geologic units within Mesozoic rocks are shown on plate 1. Inventoried sites in Mesozoic rocks during this or previous studies consist of the Mesaverde Formation, Cody Shale, Frontier Formation, Mowry Shale, Thermopolis Shale, and Cloverly Formation, all of Cretaceous age; the Morrison, Sundance, and Gypsum Spring Formations of Jurassic age; the Nugget Sandstone of Jurassic(?)-Triassic (?) age; and the Chugwater Formation of Triassic age. Forty-five wells completed in and 14 springs issuing from these geologic units are listed in table 16.
Geologic units with 10 or more inventoried sites in table 16 are the Cody Shale and the Frontier and Chugwater Formations. The Cody Shale occurs at depth throughout the center of the Wind River Basin and crops out in bands along structural features north of Beaver Divide in the east central part of the county, along the Wind River Range from northwest of Sweetwater Station to northwest of Ethete, and in the Absaroka Range. Small areas of Cody Shale crop out in the extreme southern part of the county south of Sweetwater Station and Jeffrey City. Because the Cody Shale is composed of shale, siltstone, and fine-grained sandstone materials that typically have poor water-bearing and water-yielding characteristics the Cody Shale usually is identified as a confining layer on a regional scale. However, where large pumping rates are not required, water from the Cody Shale may be used locally for livestock and in some places even for domestic supplies. Eleven wells that are completed in the Cody Shale were inventoried during this or previous investigations (table 16). Well depth ranged from 45 to 403 ft. Five of the wells listed in table 16 were unused. Water from four of the wells was used for livestock. Well discharge ranged from 9.0 to 15 gal/min. No springs were identified as issuing from the Cody Shale during this or previous investigations. Well 31-096-05bda01, located northwest of Sweetwater Station, was flowing in June 1991. Other water levels ranged from 2.50 to 32.00 ft below land surface. Deeper water levels (235 and 360 ft below land surface) were reported in 1963 for three wells north of Sand Draw (34-094-27cd01, 34-095-25baa01, and 35-095-25aaa01).
The Frontier Formation also occurs at depth throughout the center of the Wind River Basin and crops out in association with the Cody Shale in the areas previously described. The Frontier Formation is composed of sandstone and shale (Love and Christiansen, 1985, sheet 2). Typically, the Frontier Formation has poor water bearing and -yielding materials, but locally wells and springs may yield enough water for stock and domestic supplies. Fourteen wells and four springs were inventoried during this and previous investigations. Well depth ranged from 53 to 4,680 ft. Water from most wells and springs that are listed in table 16 was used for stock and domestic supplies. Well discharge ranged from 4 to 40 gal/min. Two springs, 31-098-28dcb01 and 33-099-35cac01, discharged 4 and 2.5 gal/min, respectively. Two wells, lS-lW-08ccb01 and 32-099-16dcc01, were flowing at the time of inventory. Other static water levels ranged from 0.70 to 30.00 ft below land surface.
The Chugwater Formation crops out in a band that mainly extends from northwest to southeast along the Wind River Range and in the Absaroka Range. The Chugwater Formation is composed of siltstone and shale (Love and Christiansen, 1985, sheet 2). Six wells listed in table 16 are completed in the Chugwater Formation in or near its outcrop area. Well discharge measured in well !S-2W-26ada01 was 9.0 gal/min. Springs may discharge small (less than 50 gal/min) to moderate (50-300 gal/min) supplies (table 16). Spring 33-094-26ddb01, located east of Sand Draw, discharged 60 gal/min in June 1991.
GROUND WATER 37 Paleozoic Rocks
Paleozoic rocks in Fremont County include the Goose Egg Formation of Triassic and Permian age; the Phosphoria Formation and related rocks of Permian age; the Casper Formation of Permian to Pennsylvanian age; the Tensleep Sandstone of Permian to Pennsylvanian age; the Amsden Formation of Pennsylvanian to Mississippian age; the Madison Limestone of Mississippian age; the Darby Formation of Devonian age; the Bighorn Dolomite of Ordovician age; and the Gallatin Limestone, Gros Ventre Formation, and Flathead Sandstone of Cambrian age (table 15). Paleozoic rocks inventoried consists of the Phosphoria Formation and related rocks, Tensleep Sandstone, Madison Limestone, Bighorn Dolomite, Cambrian rocks, and the Flathead Sandstone. Twenty-three wells that are completed in and 18 springs that issue from Paleozoic rocks are listed in table 16.
Geologic units with 10 or more inventoried sites consist of the Phosphoria Formation and related rocks, the Tensleep Sandstone, and the Madison Limestone. These units mainly crop out northwest to southeast in a band along the flank of the Wind River Range. The Phosphoria Formation and related rocks contains shale, sandstone, and dolomite (Love and Christiansen, 1985, sheet 2). Six wells listed in table 16 are completed in the Phosphoria Formation and related rocks in or near its outcrop area. Well depth ranged from 80 to 5,450 ft. Water from most of the wells and springs listed in table 16 was used for livestock purposes. Well discharge ranged from 1.0 to 900 gal/min. The discharge measured at two springs, 30-099-03cdd01 and 31-098-24dcd01, was 16 and 260 gal/min, respectively in 1990. Three wells completed in the Phosphoria Formation and related rocks were flowing at the time of inventory. Measured and reported depth to water in three other wells was less than 40 ft below land surface.
According to Love and Christiansen (1985, sheet 2), the Tensleep Sandstone is a "white to gray sandstone containing thin limestone and dolomite beds." Wells completed in the Tensleep Sandstone usually are located in or near the outcrop area. Well depth ranged from 450 to 6,590 ft. Well discharge ranged from 14 to 625 gal/min. Two wells flowed and one was reported to flow at the time of inventory. Depth to water in three other wells was reported to be 30 ft or less below land surface. Water from the Tensleep Sandstone was used for industrial, domestic, irrigation, and public supply. Some wells were unused. Discharge from Washakie Mineral Hot Spring was 332 gal/min in October 1989. The Washakie Mineral Hot Spring (!S-lW-02aad01), which is located west of Fort Washakie, is a thermal spring that was used for recreation.
The Madison Limestone is composed of limestone and dolomite (Love and Christiansen, 1985, sheet 2). Seven wells are completed in the Madison Limestone in or near the outcrop area. Well depth ranged from 1,400 to 4,210 ft. Water from wells and springs was used for commercial, domestic, irrigation, industrial, and stock purposes; two springs were unused. Well discharge ranged from 10 to 500 gal/min. In 1990, well 2N-lW-18ccc01 was reported to discharge 700 gal/min. Spring discharge ranged from 7 to 94 gal/min. Three wells were flowing when inventoried for this study, and the water level in two other wells was reported to be 446 and 496 ft below land surface.
Precambrian Rocks
Nine geologic units shown on plate 1 are identified as Precambrian rocks. During this and previous studies, these geologic units were not subdivided but were simply identified as Precambrian rocks. These geologic units include granitic, intrusive, metasedimentary, and metavolcanic rocks. Precambrian rocks crop out mainly in the center of the Wind River and Absaroka Ranges and the Bridger Mountains. One well that was completed in and 18 springs that issued from these units are listed in table 16. Well depth, discharge, or water level was not reported for the well listed in table 16. The water from most of the springs and the well was used for livestock purposes. Spring discharge ranged from 0.5 to 297 gal/min.
38 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Recharge. Movement, and Discharge
Geologic units in Fremont County are recharged by one or a combination of the following sources: (1) precipitation that infiltrates the geologic unit in its outcrop area, (2) infiltration of surface water, (3) infiltration of irrigation water, and (4) leakage from another geologic unit either from above or below. Almost all of the geologic units, from the youngest to the oldest, are recharged by precipitation. In the Riverton Reclamation Withdrawal Area, Morris and others (1959, p. 47) noted that "precipitation is not an important direct source of ground-water recharge" to the ground-water reservoir (primarily the Wind River Formation) as compared to other sources because "precipitation generally is rapidly absorbed by the soil or is rapidly evaporated directly from the surface." Where streams flow over a geologic unit's outcrop area and when the water level in the stream is higher than the water level in the geologic unit, a stream may lose some of its flow to the geologic unit. The potential for this type of recharge to geologic units from Cretaceous to Cambrian age occurs mainly along the flanks of the Wind River Range where perennial streams like the Wind, Little Wind, and Popo Agie Rivers flow across them. Recharge to the Wind River Formation by infiltration of irrigation water is documented by Morris and others (1959, p. 47-49) and McGreevy and others (1969, p. 112 and 122). Recharge by irrigation water also occurs in terrace deposits along the Wind River near Dubois (Whitcomb and Lowry, 1968, p. 3). Previous investigators have not quantified leakage from one geologic unit to another, but several have noted the occurrence of leakage (Richter, 1981, p. 84 and Whitcomb and Lowry, 1968, p. 3 and 6). Ground-water movement is controlled by the location of recharge and discharge areas and by the thickness and permeability of the geologic unit. Primary permeability is a function of the grain size, sorting, and cementation between grains. Secondary permeability created by fracturing and dissolution also is an important factor controlling ground-water movement. Fractures along anticlines can provide important conduits for vertical and horizontal ground-water flow. A contour map showing lines of equal water-level altitude represents a water table or potentiometric surface. Ground water moves downgradient in the direction perpendicular to the contour lines. Four water-level or potentiometric-surface maps for selected water-bearing units in parts of Fremont County have been published in four USGS publications: (1) Borchert, 1977, plate 1, (2) Borchert, 1987, sheet 1, (3) Morris and others, 1959, plate 3, and (4) Whitcomb and Lowry, 1968, sheet 2. Water-level contour maps of the Arikaree aquifer in the Sweetwater Basin show that the general direction of ground-water movement is toward the Sweetwater River (Borchert, 1977, pi. 1 and Borchert 1987, sheet 1). Streamflow measurements on the Sweetwater River in 1975 from the gaging station Sweetwater River near Sweetwater Station (site 126) to gaging station Sweetwater River near Alcova (located east of Fremont County near Pathfinder Reservoir) indicated that the reach of the Sweetwater River gained "17 ftVs, plus or minus 15 percent" (Borchert, 1977, p. 10). This finding is somewhat consistent with the streamflow measurements made during this study and discussed in the Streamflow Quality section of this report. In surficial Quaternary deposits near Midvale in 1950, water-table contours indicated that the direction of ground-water movement was related to the topography of the land surface (Morris and others, 1959, p. 50 and pi. 3). Water tables or potentiometric surfaces for other specific water-bearing units in Fremont County or the Wind River Basin have not been contoured. However, Whitcomb and Lowry (1968, sheet 2) contoured a water surface for selected wells and springs completed in or issuing from various water-bearing units throughout the Wind River Basin. They concluded that the general direction of ground-water movement in the Wind River Basin is toward the Wind River. Ground water is discharged through pumped wells and is naturally discharged by springs and seeps, by evapotranspiration, and by discharge to streams, lakes, drains, and other geologic units. Springs and seeps occur when the water table intersects the land surface. This occurs as the result of changes in lithology within a geologic unit or between geologic units, faults and fractures, and topography. Evaporation from soil and transpiration by plants can be important processes for the removal of water from geologic units. Ground water also is discharged by evaporation and transpiration when the water table is close to the land surface, which most likely occurs in the alluvium near streams. Although losses by evapotranspiration were not accounted for, Morris and others (1959, p. 48) cited the annual loss of water from the Riverton Reclamation Withdrawal Area to the geologic unit below the irrigated area ranged from 100,000 to 150,000 acre-ft of water. Discharge to streams, lakes, and drains from geologic units including the alluvium, occurs when the water-surface gradient in the geologic unit is above and sloping toward the stream, lake, or drain.
GROUND WATER 39 When a geologic unit such as the Wind River Formation has a large, exposed surface area, the unit is more likely to be developed by wells and thus discharge more ground water than other geologic units for two main reasons: (1) potential for more recharge by precipitation, and (2) the geologic unit is the shallowest unit to be penetrated by a drill bit. One of the most intensive ground-water withdrawal areas in the Wind River Formation is near the Riverton municipal well field. "Pumpage from the Riverton well field (11 wells 500 to 600 feet deep) in 1965 was 493,240,000 gallons" (Whitcomb and Lowry, 1968, p. 4). At that time, water from the well field was Riverton's sole water supply. McGreevy and others (1969, p. 123 and 127) attributed the water-level decline in the Wind River Formation from 1951 to 1966 to increased ground-water pumping (fig. 8). Although ground-water pumpage data for the Riverton municipal well field are not available, total pumpage was reduced in 1981. The City of Riverton began operating a surface-water treatment plant in the spring of 1981 (Ron E. Saban, Chief Operator, City of Riverton Water Systems, written commun., July 13, 1994). The water-level rise in 1983 in well !N-4E-33ddb01 could be due to the decreased ground-water pumping in 1981 and 1982 from the Riverton well field (fig. 9). In addition to the decreased ground-water pumpage in 1981, the pumping scheme for wells in the Riverton well field changed. Operation of the new surface-water treatment plant allowed the City of Riverton to reduce the ground-water pumpage in its well field during the summer to volumes that supplement the surface-water treatment plant "at times of very high demand" (Ron E. Saban, Chief Operator, City of Riverton Water Systems, written commun., July 13, 1994). The new pumping scheme changed the seasonal water-level fluctuations in well !N-4E-33ddb01. To illustrate this change, water-level measurements for a selected 1-year period prior to 1981 were compared to water-level measurements for a selected 1-year period after 1981 (fig. 10). The 1975 water-level hydrograph shows before 1981 that the water levels were deepest in August when the demand was greatest. The 1983 water-level hydrograph shows that after 1981 the water levels were deepest in the winter and spring (January through May), and the water levels were shallowest in the summer and early fall (June through October). Discharge to wells and well yields have been discussed in several previous reports. For more detail on well yields from specific water-bearing units, the reader is referred to McGreevy and others, 1969,113-149; Morris and others, 1959, p. 23-41 and 56-70; Richter, 1981, p. 46-88; and Whitcomb and Lowry, 1968, p. 2-7.
Water-Level Changes
Water levels measured in a geologic unit or aquifer of interest are an important factor for analyzing the hydraulic properties of the geologic unit/aquifer. Water-level data are used to indicate rate and direction of ground-water flow, to indicate areas of recharge and discharge, and to evaluate the effects of human-induced and natural stresses on the ground-water system (U.S. Department of the Interior, 1977, p. 2-1 to 2-2). Water-level changes indicate changes in recharge or discharge. A specific cause of water-level changes is difficult to determine because aquifer systems are dynamic, and the water-level changes in a geologic unit or aquifer are many. In general, however, a decline in water level could indicate: (1) decreased recharge due to decreased precipitation, (2) decreased streamflow in the area of recharge, (3) discharge from pumping or flowing wells, or 4) a combination of any of the above. Conversely, an increase in water level could indicate: (1) increased recharge due to increased precipitation, (2) increased streamflow in the area of recharge, (3) decreased well discharge, or (4) a combination of any of the above. Other analyses of water-bearing/aquifer characteristics using ground-water-level changes are listed by the U.S. Department of the Interior, 1977, p. 2-2. Water levels in selected wells in Fremont County have been measured as part of a cooperative program between the USGS and other local, State, and Federal agencies since about 1940. Observation wells were selected in areas known to have ground-water problems, usually due to large withdrawals for irrigation or municipal purposes. The earliest continuous water-level measurements in the county (either by hand measure ments or by digital recorder) were in 1942 from a well (34-098-32baa01) completed in Quaternary alluvium and colluvium near Lander (Ringen, 1973, p. 70). Water-level measurements for 1942-71 at 163 wells in Fremont County are tabulated in a report by Ringen (1973, p. 70-119). Most of the wells listed in this report are located in the Riverton Reclamation Withdrawal Area and are completed in Quaternary alluvium and colluvium or the
40 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY 20 LU O < LL DC 40 ID CO Q 60
I LU No record GO 80 h- LLI LLI 100
DC LLI 120 I 140 t LLI Q 160 I I I I I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! I I 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985
Figure 8. Intermittent (1951-73) and minimum daily (1974-87) water levels in well 1 N-4E-33ddb01, (completed in the Wind River Formation near Riverton, Wyoming). AINHOO JLNOWadd dO S3OdnOS3d U3JLVM Zfr
DEPTH TO WATER, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE
^(Q oO ^c 3 » -Q (O
(D ^ Q. 2 5'3
~ CD ?s (O 3 5 00 0) O) * sf (O §z3 ® S i. =i CO I q CO 5. co Q. CO Q. CT O 40 60 ife< < RS 80 I Q LJJ -I °£ 100 IS 2 UJ Z " 120 ? 140 160 J______I______I______I______I______I______|______|______I______I Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 1975 40 No record ^ 60 > ccLL o 80 I Q ti LJJ -J °£ 100 19 120 ? 140 160 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 1983 Figure 10. Minimum daily water levels in well 1N-4E-33ddb01. GROUND WATER 43 Wind River Formation. Twelve other wells have been monitored either intermittently or continuously from 1948 to the present (1994). These wells were completed in either Quaternary alluvium and colluvium, the Arikaree Formation, or the Wind River Formation. Currently, water levels are measured in only one well (!N-4E-28acc01) in Fremont County. It is located near Riverton and is completed in the Wind River Formation. Water-level data and hydrographs for all 12 wells may be found in 12 previous reports of ground-water levels, compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey (Ringen, 1973 and 1974; Ballance and Freudenthal, 1975, 1976, and 1977; Stevens, 1978: Ragsdale, 1982; Ragsdale and Oberender, 1985; Kennedy and Oberender, 1987; Kennedy and Green, 1988, 1990, and 1992). Long-term ground-water-level fluctuations in parts of Fremont County were discussed in two previous reports: Morris and others (1959, p. 43-46) and McGreevy and others (1969, p. 122-123). Water levels were measured in numerous wells throughout the Riverton Reclamation Withdrawal Area "to determine the type and magnitude of water-level fluctuations in the aquifers of the report area..." (Morris and others, 1959, p. 44). Water levels mostly were measured in wells completed in the Wind River Formation. The effect of irrigation recharge was observed in wells that reflected water-table conditions. Generally, water levels would rise after the start of the irrigation season followed by a decline in water levels after the irrigation season (Morris and others, 1959, p. 46). The effect of large withdrawals of water from an artesian aquifer (the Wind River Formation) that is constantly being recharged was observed in two deep wells that were "within the radius of influence of the Riverton city wells." Lower water levels were related to the period when water demands were greatest (usually August). When water demands would decrease (usually the winter), water levels would rise (Morris and others, 1959, p. 46). McGreevy and others (1969, p. 123) also studied water-level fluctuations in one of the same deep wells that Morris did (well !N-4E-33ddb01, which is completed in a confined layer of the Wind River Formation and is located within the radius of influence of the Riverton municipal well field). Lower water levels in 1966 compared to water levels in 1951 were interpreted to be a result of an increase in pumpage at the Riverton municipal well field. Although pumpage from the Riverton municipal well field was not evaluated for this report, water levels measured from 1966 to 1987 (fig. 8) show periods, over the long term, of decline and recovery. For further interpretation of water-level changes in this well, the reader is referred to the Recharge, Movement, and Discharge section of this report. WATER USE The most recent water-use estimates for Fremont County were compiled in 1990 by the USGS in cooperation with other State and local agencies. Estimates of total offstream water use and instream water use are presented in table 5. Solley and others (1993, p. vi) define offstream water use as water withdrawn or diverted from a ground-water or surface-water source, which is conveyed to the place of use. It may also be referred to as off-channel use or withdrawal use. Instream use is defined as water used, but not withdrawn from a ground-water or surface-water source. It may also be referred to as in-channel use or nonwithdrawal use (Solley and others, 1993, p. v). Several estimation techniques were used to compile these data. Seven categories of water use, divided into ground-water and surface-water sources, are reported for offstream water use, and hydroelectric power is reported for instream water use (table 5). The largest offstream use of water in Fremont County was irrigation. Irrigation water use includes all water applied to farmland, horticultural crops, and orchards. To determine the amount of irrigation water used, Wyoming's soil conservation districts were queried. The amount being withdrawn within each district and the sources of water were supplied by the soil conservation districts. In Fremont County, virtually all of the water used for irrigation was withdrawn from surface-water sources. An estimated 586 Mgal/d was used in the county for irrigation purposes in 1990. The second-largest offstream water-use category was public supply. Public supply is water withdrawn or diverted by public and private suppliers, then delivered to the users. Most of the water in this category was used for domestic purposes, with small quantities being delivered to commercial and industrial users. Public suppliers were queried to determine the amount of water being supplied. The population served, as well as the 44 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Table 5. Estimated water use in 1990 in Fremont County, Wyoming [values may not add due to independent Founding] Units in million gallons per day Surface Ground Offstream use water water Total Irrigation 586 0.0 586 Public supply 3.9 2.5 6.5 Mining .4 1.7 2.1 Domestic .1 1.1 1.1 Livestock .8 .2 1.0 Industrial .2 .3 .4 Commercial .1 .1 .2 Totals 592 5.9 598 Instream use Hydroelectric 672 amount withdrawn from ground water or surface water, was reported by the public suppliers. The water supplied for Fremont County was determined by summing the quantities for all of the municipalities within the county. An estimated 2.5 Mgal/d was supplied by public suppliers daily from ground-water sources and 3.9 Mgal/d from surface-water sources for a total of 6.5 Mgal/d in 1990. Mining water use includes water used for extraction of coal, minerals (quarrying, milling, and mine operations), petroleum, and natural gas. Mining water use withdrawals, except for coal, were estimated using water-use coefficients developed by the U.S. Bureau of Mines (Quan, 1988). Coefficients for coal mining were obtained from a Colorado Energy Research Institute (1981) publication describing effects of energy development on water use. Mineral extraction in Fremont County was determined using distribution data (Geological Survey of Wyoming, 1990). Petroleum and natural gas withdrawals were determined using records of taxable oil production for Fremont County from the Wyoming Department of Administration and Fiscal Control (1987). The total water used for each mining operation was calculated by multiplying the amount of mineral, coal, petroleum or natural gas by their respective coefficients. For Fremont County, an estimated 1.7 Mgal/d was withdrawn from ground-water sources and 0.4 Mgal/d from surface-water sources for mining purposes in 1990. A total of 2.1 Mgal/d was used by mining in 1990. Water for domestic use includes water used for household purposes such as drinking, bathing, preparing food, watering lawns and gardens, and washing clothes and dishes. To determine the domestic self-supplied population of a county, the total population being served by public suppliers was subtracted from the 1990 total population of the county. The self-supplied population was multiplied by a coefficient of 75 gal/d per person to determine the total amount of water used. The total water used was divided into ground and surface water; 5 percent was assumed to be surface water and 95 percent to be ground water. A total of 1.1 Mgal/d was used by domestic users in 1990. Water used in the livestock category includes water used for the production of red meat, poultry, eggs, milk, and wool. The number of cattle and calves, milk cows, and sheep as well as the amount of water consumed per day by each particular animal, was determined from 1990 Wyoming Agricultural Statistics (Wyoming Agricultural Statistics Service, 1990). The estimated amount of water used by each animal category was calculated by multiplying the amount consumed per day by the particular animal by the population of that animal in the county. The total amount of water used within the county for livestock was then determined by taking the sum of the amounts determined for each animal category. Chickens and goats were assumed to have WATER USE 45 no significant water consumption. The total amount was then divided assuming that 80 percent was from surface-water sources and that the remaining 20 percent was derived from ground-water sources. A total of 1.0 Mgal/d was used by livestock in 1990. Water withdrawn by industry is used for such purposes as washing and cooling, fabrication, and processing. It is used in industries such as steel, chemical and allied products, paper and allied products, and mining and petroleum refining (Solley and others, 1993). Statewide industrial water-use estimates were calculated using coefficients obtained from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1988) and employment data available from the State of Wyoming (J.C. Rhodes, State of Wyoming, Department of Employment, oral commun., 1990). County water-use estimates were calculated by multiplying the statewide estimates by the percentage of the State's population within the county. An assumed breakdown of 40 percent surface water and 60 percent ground water was then applied at the county level. A total of 0.4 Mgal/d was used by industry in 1990. Commercial water use represents the smallest water-use category in the county. Commercial use includes water used in restaurants, motels, hotels, businesses, office buildings, and other commercial facilities. It was assumed that 90 percent of all commercial water was supplied by public suppliers. Therefore, commercial water use was accounted for under the public supply category as well. Publicly supplied commercial water use was reported by the public suppliers. The self-supplied commercial water use was assumed to be about 10 percent of the publicly supplied commercial use. The water used was assumed to be 45 percent surface water and 55 percent ground water. A total of 0.2 Mgal/d was used for commercial purposes in 1990. Hydroelectric power generation was the only user of instream water in Fremont County. Hydroelectric power generation plants use falling water to drive turbine generators. Instream water use is defined as water that is used in the process, but is never withdrawn from the source. Two hydroelectric power plants, Boysen and Pilot Butte (pi. 3), were contacted to obtain actual water-use numbers. The total instream water use for Fremont County was 672 Mgal/d in 1990. WATER QUALITY Water quality refers to biological, chemical, and physical characteristics of a water sample relative to a standard defined for drinking water or water use. Biological water quality is determined by the number and types of organisms, both plant and animal, living in water and is generally restricted to surface water. Only limited biological data have been collected for streams in the county; therefore, biological water quality is not described here. A general discussion of the chemical and physical characteristics of surface water and ground water follows. For a more thorough discussion of the biological, chemical, and physical characteristics of water, the reader is referred to Hem (1985) or Freeze and Cherry (1979). The chemical characteristics of surface and ground water are related to the organic and inorganic materials dissolved and suspended in the water. These dissolved and suspended materials are derived from the rocks and sediment with which the water has been in contact and from materials introduced into the hydrologic environment by human and animal activities. Surface-water quality is dependent on the water source and the exposure of the water to soluble material between the source and the sampling site. Ground-water quality is related to the chemical composition of the rocks composing the geologic units through which the water travels. Water temperature, the duration of contact with the rocks, and the rate of movement of the water also will affect the chemical quality of ground water. The source or cause and significance of common dissolved-mineral constituents found in surface and ground water are summarized in table 6. Inorganic materials in water are classified by the size of the particles, and are either dissolved solids or paniculate material. Paniculate material can be filtered from water, whereas dissolved solids require more sophisticated techniques for removal, such as reverse osmosis. Materials that will pass through a 0.45-micrometer (|J.m) membrane filter are classified as dissolved solids, and particles that will not pass through such a filter are classified as paniculate materials (Hem, 1985, p. 60). 46 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Table 6. Source or cause and significance of dissolved-mineral constituents and physical properties of water (modified from Popkin, 1973, p. 85) [US/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; mg/L, milligrams per liter; Ug/L, micrograms per liter] Constituent or property Source or cause Significance Specific conductance Mineral content of the water. Indicates degree of mineralization. Specific conductance is a measure of the capacity of the water to conduct an electric current. Varies with temperature, concentration, and degree of ionization of the constituents. PH Acids, acid-generating salts, and free carbon dioxide pH is a measure of the activity of the hydrogen ions. A pH of 7.0 indicates neutrality lower the pH. Carbonates, bicarbonates, hydroxides, of a solution. Values higher than 7.0 denote increasing alkalinity; values lower than phosphates, silicates, and berates raise the pH. 7.0 indicate increasing acidity. Corrosiveness of water generally increases with decreasing pH. However, excessively alkaline water may also attack metals. Hardness as calcium In most waters nearly all the hardness is due to calcium Consumes soap before a lather will form and deposits soap curd on bathtubs. Hard carbonate (CaCO3) and magnesium. All metallic cations other than the alkali water forms scale in boilers, water heaters, and pipes. Hardness equivalent to or less metals also cause hardness. than the bicarbonate and carbonate concentration is called carbonate hardness. Any hardness in excess of this is called noncarbonate hardness. Water with hardness of 60 mg/L or less is considered soft; 61 to 120 mg/L, moderately hard; 121 to 180 mg/L, hard; more than 180 mg/L, very hard. Calcium (Ca) and Dissolved from practically all soil and rocks, but Causes most of the hardness and scale-forming properties of water; soap consuming magnesium (Mg) especially from limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. (see hardness). Water low in calcium and magnesium is desired in electroplating, Calcium and magnesium are detected in large quantities tanning, dyeing, and in textile manufacturing. in some brines. Magnesium is present in large quantities in seawater. Sodium (Na) and Dissolved from practically all rocks and soil; also in Large concentrations, in combination with chloride, give a salty taste. Moderate potassium (K) ancient brines, seawater, industrial brines, and sewage. concentrations have little effect on the usefulness of water for most purposes. Sodium salts may cause foaming in steam boilers. A large sodium concentration may limit the use of water for irrigation. Bicarbonate (HCO3) and Action of carbon dioxide in water on carbonate rocks Bicarbonate and carbonate produce alkalinity. Bicarbonates of calcium and carbonate (CO3) such as limestone and dolomite. magnesium decompose in steam boilers and hot-water facilities to form scale and release corrosive carbon dioxide gas. In combination with calcium and magnesium, cause carbonate hardness. Sulfate (SO4) Dissolved from rocks and soil containing gypsum, iron Sulfate in water containing calcium forms hard scale in steam boilers. In large sulfides, and other sulfur compounds. Commonly present concentrations, sulfate in combination with other ions gives bitter taste to water, and in mine water and in some industrial wastes. may have a laxative effect on some people. Some calcium sulfate is considered beneficial in the brewing process. Chloride (Cl) Dissolved from rocks and soil. Present in sewage and In large concentrations in combination with sodium, gives salty taste to drinking found in large concentrations in ancient brines, seawater, water. In large concentrations increases the corrosiveness of water. Im 3) and industrial brines. O Table 6. Source or cause and significance of dissolved-mineral constituents and physical properties of water-Continued Constituent or property Source or cause Significance mI Fluoride (F) Dissolved in minute to small concentrations from most Fluoride in drinking water reduces the incidence of tooth decay when the water is 3> 3J rocks and soil. Added to most water by fluoridation of consumed during the period of enamel calcification. However, it may cause mottling m (/> municipal supplies. of the teeth, depending on the concentration of fluoride, the age of the child, quantity O of drinking water consumed, and susceptibility of the individual. c 3> O Silica (Si02) Dissolved from practically all rocks and soil, commonly Forms hard scale in pipes and boilers. Transported in steam of high-pressure boilers m less than 30 mg/L. Large concentrations, as much as to form deposits on blades of turbines. Inhibits deterioration of zeolite-type water 100 mg/L, generally occur in alkaline water. softeners. Iron (Fe) Dissolved from practically all rocks and soil. Also may On exposure to air, iron in ground water oxidizes to reddish-brown precipitate. More 3J m be derived from iron pipes, pumps, and other equipment. than about 0.3 mg/L stains laundry and utensils reddish-brown. Objectionable for O More than 1 or 2 mg/L of iron in surface water generally food processing, textile processing, beverages, ice manufacturing, brewing, and other indicates acid wastes from mine drainage or other processes. Larger quantities cause unpleasant taste and favor growth of iron bacteria. H O sources. O Dissolved solids Chiefly mineral constituents dissolved from rocks and Water containing more than 1,000 mg/L dissolved solids is unsuitable for many soil. purposes. Nitrate (NO3) Decaying organic matter, sewage, fertilizers, and nitrates Concentration much greater than the local average may indicate contamination. Water in soil. with large nitrate concentrations has been reported to be the cause of methemoglobinemia (an often fatal disease in infants) and therefore should not be used in infant feeding. Nitrate has been shown to be helpful in reducing intercrystalline cracking of boiler steel. It encourages growth of algae and other organisms that produce undesirable tastes and odors. Boron (B) Found in igneous rocks such as tourmaline, granitic rocks Small concentrations are essential to plant growth, but may be toxic to crops when and pegmatites. Sodium tetraborate (borax) is a widely present in excessive concentrations in irrigation water or in soil. Sensitive plants used cleaning agent, hence, boron may be present in show damage when irrigation water contains more that 670 |ig/L, and even tolerant sewage and industrial wastes. 1 plants may be damaged when boron exceeds 2,000 H-g/L. Phosphate (PO4) Common element in igneous rocks and marine sediments. Essential to plant growth. Concentrations greater than the local average may indicate A component of animal metabolic waste.1 pollution by fertilizers or sewage. 'Hem, 1985, p. 126-129 Water can be classified into types on the basis of amount and type of ions present in a water sample. The dominant ions are the cation (positive charge) and anion (negative charge) having the largest concentration in milliequivalents per liter. For example, in a sodium sulfate-type water, sodium has the largest concentration of the cations present, and sulfate has the largest concentration of the anions present. If a water sample does not contain a dominant cation and anion, the water is classified as a mixture of the cations and anions having the largest concentrations. Modified Stiff diagrams often are used to visually display cation and anion data. A modified Stiff diagram uses three parallel, horizontal axes, extending to the left and right of a vertical zero line. The concentrations of the four most common cations sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium are plotted on the left on each of the three horizontal lines (sodium and potassium are plotted as one constituent). The five most common anions chloride, fluoride, sulfate, carbonate, and bicarbonate are plotted on the right on each of the three horizontal lines (chloride and fluoride, and carbonate and bicarbonate are plotted as one constituent). Modified Stiff diagrams are used to describe the type of water in Fremont County later in this report. Physical characteristics of water commonly measured onsite during water-quality studies include water temperature, specific conductance, and pH. Temperature is an important controlling factor in many chemical processes; for example, the solubility of ions and the saturation levels of gases are affected by water temperature. The temperature of surface water typically is much more variable than the temperature of ground water. Surface-water temperatures are affected by local climatic factors and physical factors such as shading, stream depth, and proximity to reservoirs. Ground-water temperatures generally are a function of the depth of the geologic unit below the surface of the earth. Water in deep geologic units generally has higher temperatures than water in shallow geologic units. Specific conductance is a measure of the ability of water to conduct an electrical current. It is expressed in microsiemens per centimeter (jiS/cm) at 25 degrees Celsius (°C), and is a function of the type and concentration of dissolved solids in the water. The concentration of the sum of dissolved solids, in mg/L, typically ranges from 55 to 75 percent of the specific conductance in |lS/cm (Hem, 1985, p. 67). This relation varies with the composition and concentration of dissolved ions. The measure of the hydrogen activity in water is pH, which is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration. This characteristic is dimensionless and typically ranges from 0 to 14. A pH greater than 7 indicates that the water is basic, whereas a pH less than 7 indicates that the water is acidic. A description of the chemical and physical characteristics of water aids in evaluating its suitability for various uses. Water-quality standards for chemical constituents or properties that were adopted by the State of Wyoming and used for evaluating ground-water quality for domestic, agricultural, and livestock use are listed in table 7. Because of the variability of water quality at different sampling points and an insufficient number of samples analyzed from water in the county, water samples reported here are not classified as to suitability for specific uses. However, individual samples listed in tables in this report can be compared to the water-quality standards given in table 7. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1991a, b, and c) has established primary and secondary drinking-water regulations and health advisories pertinent to public drinking-water supplies (table 8). These Federal regulations specify maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) and secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs). The MCLs are health related and legally enforceable. Although MCLs apply only to public drinking- water supplies, they are useful indicators of the suitability of water for human consumption. The SMCLs are for constituents that primarily affect the esthetic qualities of drinking water, and are not legally enforceable. For example, chloride at concentrations exceeding 250 mg/L may impart a bitter taste to water. Health advisories are guidance concentrations for constituents that would not cause adverse health effects over specified short periods for most people. WATER QUALITY 49 Table 7. Wyoming ground-water quality standards for domestic, agricultural, and livestock use (Modified from Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, 1993, p. 9) [All constituent concentrations are in milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated. --, no established level; ug/L, micrograms per liter; °C, degrees Celsius] Domestic Agricultural Livestock Constituent or property use use use Aluminum (^ig/L) -- 5,000 5,000 Arsenic (^ig/L) 50 100 200 Barium (|ig/L) 1,000 - - Boron (^ig/L) 750 750 5,000 Cadmium (^ig/L) 10 10 50 Chloride 250 100 2,000 Chromium (^ig/L) 50 100 50 Copper (^ig/L) 1,000 200 500 Fluoride \\A-2A) ~ - Iron (^ig/L) 300 5,000 - Lead Qig/L) 50 5,000 100 Manganese (^ig/L) 50 200 ~ Mercury (^ig/L) 2 - .05 Nitrate + nitrite, as nitrogen -- - 100 Selenium (^ig/L) 10 20 50 Silver (^ig/L) 50 - ~ Sulfate 250 200 3,000 Dissolved solids 500 2,000 5,000 pH, standard units (6.5-9.0) (4.5-9.0) (6.5-8.5) Sodium-adsorption ratio (no units) ~ 8 ~ 'Dependent on the annual average of the maximum daily air temperature: 1.4 mg/L corresponds with temperature range of 26.3 to 32.5°C and 2.4 mg/L corresponds with a temperature of 12.0°C and below. Quality Assurance and Control During the course of the study of the water resources in Fremont County, quality assurance and quality control concepts and protocols were introduced to improve the quality of data collected and to assist in the interpretation of this data with regard to the overall project objectives. Quality control samples were collected to assess the adequacy of general water-quality sampling and analyzing practices and to pinpoint specific factors that may have produced discrepancies in the data. A formal quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) system was incorporated into USGS programs during the Fremont County investigation, but after most project field data had been collected. Although QA/QC principles were not in use throughout the entire project, addition of these techniques and protocols in the latter stages of this study assisted in interpretation of the data collected. Quality Assurance Quality assurance, with respect to this study, encompassed office, field, and laboratory processes. Office procedures, designed to improve the quality of data collected, included quarterly evaluation of project personnel using measurements of standard pH and specific-conductance samples from the USGS Quality Water Service Unit in Ocala, Florida. Calibration logs of thermometers and pH, specific conductance, and alkalinity measurement equipment were initiated and maintained. Increased emphasis was placed on proper completion 50 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Table 8. Selected maximum and secondary maximum contaminant levels for public drinking-water supplies [All constituent concentrations are in milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated. , no established level; Hg/L, micrograms per liter] Maximum Secondary maximum Constituent or property contaminant level contaminant level Inorganic: Arsenic (|ig/L) '50 -- Barium (|ig/L) '1,000 -- Cadmium (|ig/L) 25 -- Chloride 3250 Chromium (|ig/L) 2100 - Copper (^ig/L) -- 3 1,000 Fluoride 24.0 32.0 Iron (|ig/L) - 3300 Lead (n-g/L) '50 -- Manganese (M£/L) -- 350 Mercury (M-g/L) 22 - Nitrate, as nitrogen 40 -- Selenium (^ig/L) 250 -- Silver (^ig/L) -- 3 100 Sulfate 3250 Zinc ftig/L) ~ 35,000 Dissolved solids ~ 3500 pH, standard units - 36.5-8.5 Organic: 2,4-D 2.07 - Silvex 2.05 - Endrin '.0002 -- Lindane 2.0002 ~ Methoxychlor 2.04 -- Toxaphene 2.003 - 'U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991a. 2U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991b. 3U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 199 Ic. of District water-quality field forms to provide more complete documentation of environmental conditions present at the time of a site visit. Similarly, laboratory forms received closer review than previously, with concentration on appropriately requested chemical analyses, and inclusion of adequate field data such as sample pH, specific conductance, and temperature. Discrepancies, either in the data produced in the quarterly measurement of standard samples, or in the operational documentation from any of these processes, were investigated. If equipment problems were indicated, appropriate measures to correct these problems were instituted; if personnel were not accomplishing required protocols sufficiently, supplemental training was initiated until adequate results were observed on a constant basis. Office procedures also included the examination of historical data, collected in Fremont County since 1945 as part of previous investigations or other data-collection activities, for inclusion in this report. These data were evaluated using supporting documentation. If original laboratory analysis sheets were available, the data were examined for solution ionic balance. If the ionic balance was within +/- 5 percent, then the data were WATER QUALITY 51 retained, no adjustments were made to the information, and the data were included in this report. If the original laboratory sheets for a sample were not available, but the data had been published in a previous USGS publication, these data were also considered acceptable and included. Water-quality information from Fremont County in files without additional supporting documentation was not accepted or included in this report. No non-USGS historical data were examined. Field quality-assurance practices involved appropriate preparation, cleaning, and calibration of all field meters, probes, and sampling equipment prior to all site visits. Conductivity and pH standard solutions were checked for viability, and measuring equipment was calibrated again in the field prior to the measurement of physical characteristics of the collected samples. Physical characteristics were measured until numerical values stabilized. Calibration values and measurement information were recorded on District field forms. Samples were collected, preserved, and shipped in accordance with applicable USGS protocols. Quality-assurance processes used at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) constituted most of the laboratory quality-assurance program implemented in this study. In addition, deionized water, produced in the Wyoming District water-quality laboratory and used for equipment cleaning and blank sample preparation, was sampled periodically and analyzed for inorganic chemical constituents and nutrients. Quality Control Quality-control samples were collected to determine concentrations of common ions, nutrients, and trace metals in environmental and field-blank samples. A sequential replicate (split) sample was obtained at site 41-105-33bcb01 (table 11) to evaluate laboratory precision between samples. Differences for measured chemical concentrations between the environmental sample and the replicate sample ranged from 0 to 3 percent for all constituents with the exception of sulfate. Sulfate concentration between the two samples differed by 13 percent. Field-blank samples were obtained by passing laboratory-produced deionized water through all components of the sample-collection apparatus. Chemical analysis of this water was designed to determine the adequacy of the process of equipment cleaning between sampled sites, or to quantify carryover of any chemical contamination between sites. Field blanks were collected at sites 40-089-3 lacbOl and 40-106-22aca01 using deionized water from the Wyoming District water-quality laboratory, and were analyzed for trace metal concentrations. No constituents were found above the minimum reporting level used by the NWQL; thus, the blanks were considered to be clean with respect to the environmental samples. Streamflow Quality Water quality of streamflow is commonly thought of as the chemical constituents dissolved in the water. Streamflow quality also can be related to the sediments suspended in the water or sediments in the stream or lake bed and to organisms (plant and animal) living in the water. This section discusses chemical, sediment, and biological results related to streamflow quality in Fremont County discussed in previous reports and presents chemical quality results of water samples collected during this study from the Sweetwater River and its tributaries. Three streamflow sites on the Wind River (1,70, and 114) in Fremont County were included in a previous study to "monitor pesticide concentrations in selected Wyoming streams" (Butler, 1987, p. 1). Water and bottom-sediment samples were collected two times a year during 1976-78. Samples were collected before (spring and early summer) and after (fall) "the pesticide application season" (Butler, 1987, p. 1). Samples were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated napthalenes (PCNs), organochlorine insecticides, organophosphate insecticides, and herbicides. Small amounts of pesticides were detected at all three sites. PCBs in bottom sediments were detected at all three sites; concentrations in 4 of 15 samples had a range of 1 to 4 |Llg/kg. 52 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Water and bottom-sediment samples were collected at the Riverton Reclamation Withdrawal Area during a reconnaissance investigation during 1988-89 and were analyzed for major ions, trace elements, and pesticides. Thirty-one water samples at 19 sites and 21 bottom-sediment samples at 14 sites were collected to determine "whether irrigation drainage has caused or has the potential to cause harmful effects on human health, fish and wildlife, or other water users" (Peterson and others, 1991, p. 3). The primary element of concern in Peterson's (1991) study was selenium. Most of the water samples did not exceed the EPA's MCL at that time which was 10 jig/L. The current MCL is 50 Jig/L. However, the aquatic life criterion is still 5 jig/L, and several of the water samples exceeded this limit. Selenium concentrations in bottom sediment ranged from 0.1 to 3.0 jig/g in the less than 0.062 mm class size and from 0.1 to 1.9 jig/g in the less than 2 mm class size (Peterson and others, 1991, p. 1). Smalley and others (1994, p. 1) "conducted a study during 1985-87 to determine the annual replenishment of sand and gravel along a point bar in the Wind River near Riverton." The authors computed "annual averages of about 561,000 tons of suspended sediment and about 8,410 tons of bedload transported by the river" and estimated that an average of about 6,000 yd3 per year would be the total volume of potentially usable material (Smalley and others, 1994, p. 22). Dissolved solids and ionic composition, phosphorus, suspended sediment, and temperature were discussed in a report by Peterson and others (1987, p. 38-45) that included the Wind River drainage basin. Peterson (1987a and b) noted that the concentrations of dissolved solids usually are greater than 1,000 mg/L (1987a) and median total concentrations of phosphorus were larger (1987b) in streams originating in the plains than in other areas. Dry Creek, a stream that originates in the plains, was sampled near Bonneville (site 105) and had a median total phosphorus concentration between 0.10 and 11.0 mg/L. The Little Wind River, a stream that originates in the mountains, was sampled near Riverton (site 67) and had a median total phosphorus concen tration between 0.020 and 0.049 mg/L (Peterson, 1987b). Suspended-sediment discharge in the Wind River at Thermopolis (about 15 miles downstream below Boy sen Reservoir in Hot Springs County) decreased from 4.7 million tons during 1951 to 0.2 million ton during 1952 after Boysen Dam began storing water (Ringen, 1987, p. 42). The Sweetwater River and its tributaries were sampled at 25 sites during an 8-day period, September 16- 23, 1991. The sampling sites ranged from above the Highway 28 bridge just below the boundary of the Shoshone National Forest (site 576; pi. 3) to near where the river leaves the county just above Split Rock (located in Natrona County about 1.5 mi northeast of the Sweetwater River and the county border) (site 611; pi. 3). Samples were collected during a low-flow period, and they define the type and concentration of chemical constituents in the streamflow only for the time and conditions of the sampling. A strict accounting of stream- flow gains and losses was not made during this study; however, discharge measurements indicate that the Sweetwater River loses water in the middle stretch below Alkali Creek to near Jeffrey City, then begins to gain water in the lower reach from Jeffrey City until the river leaves the county. Dissolved-solids concentration increased downstream. The sample from the site closest to the headwaters (site 576; pi. 3) had a dissolved-solids concentration of 42 mg/L (table 9). The farthest downstream sample (site 611) had a dissolved-solids concentra tion of 271 mg/L (table 9). Six of the water samples collected at these sites also were analyzed for selected trace elements and five water samples were analyzed for selected radiochemical species. Concentrations of selected chemical constituents for individual samples from the Sweetwater River and its tributaries are listed in tables 9, 10, and 13. Ground-Water Quality Data that describe the water quality of geologic units are obtained by collecting samples of water from wells completed in a specific geologic unit or from springs that issue from a geologic unit. Chemical and physical characteristics for water samples in this report consisted of analyses of samples collected as part of this study and historic data in the USGS ground-water and water-quality data bases (table 11). Historic data were collected by the USGS as part of previous studies in the area. Water samples collected during this study were WATER QUALITY 53 Table 9. Chemical analyses and physical properties of water samples collected at selected [Site number: Simplified site number used in this report to identify miscellaneous streamflow sites. microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; °C, Discharge, Specific Water Hard Site instan- conduct pH tempera ness Calcium, number Date taneous ance (standard ture (as dissolved (pi. 3) Site name sampled (ft3/s) (jiS/cm) units) (°C) CaCO3) (Ca) 576 Sweetwater River above Highway 28 09-16-91 25 64 8.2 9.5 23 6.8 bridge, near South Pass City 578 Sweetwater River near Hay Ranch, near 09-16-91 23 59 7.5 13.0 21 6.4 South Pass City 580 Sweetwater River above Pine Creek, near 09-17-91 21 64 8.2 9.5 25 7.8 South Pass City 582 Sweetwater River at Armstrong Ranch, 09-18-91 24 78 8.1 7.0 31 9.5 near South Pass City 584 Sweetwater River above Rock Creek, near 09-18-91 22 82 7.5 12.0 South Pass City 585 Rock Creek at mouth, near South Pass 09-18-91 6.4 415 7.8 8.0 190 55 City 587 Sweetwater River above Harris Slough, 09-18-91 28 160 8.2 14.0 63 19 near South Pass City 588 Harris Slough at mouth, near South Pass 09-18-91 .11 440 8.7 16.0 170 51 City 589 Sweetwater River at Wilson Bar, near 09-19-91 27 172 8.6 9.5 66 20 South Pass City 592 Sweetwater River below Chimney Creek, 09-20-91 26 176 8.5 12.0 67 20 near Sweetwater Station 593 Site 15, Arnold Ditch near Sweetwater 09-20-91 1.8 175 8.4 13.0 66 20 Station 594 Sweetwater River above Alkali Creek, 09-20-91 26 199 8.8 16.0 72 22 near Sweetwater Station 595 Alkali Creek above mouth, near 09-20-91 .34 1,020 9.5 17.0 110 20 Sweetwater Station 596 Site 18a, Graham and Farmsley Ditch No. 09-21-91 6.5 218 8.4 12.0 76 23 1 near Sweetwater Station 598 Site 19, Sweetwater River near 09-21-91 18 216 8.4 12.0 73 22 Sweetwater Station 127 Sweetwater River at Sweetwater Station, 09-21-91 19 245 8.3 14.0 87 27 near Lander 599 Site 21, Russell Ditch near Sweetwater 09-21-91 .91 249 8.5 13.0 87 27 Station 600 Sweetwater River above Scarlett Ranch, 09-22-91 17 270 8.2 9.0 near Sweetwater Station 602 Sweetwater River at Graham Ranch, near 09-22-91 17 271 8.4 12.0 100 32 Sweetwater Station 604 Sweetwater River at Mclntosh Ranch, near 09-22-91 17 314 8.4 14.0 120 36 Jeffrey City 605 Sweetwater River near Jeffrey City 09-22-91 21 330 8.6 15.5 120 38 607 Sweetwater River below Jeffrey City 09-22-91 21 355 8.7 16.0 130 40 608 Sage Hen Creek above mouth, below 09-23-91 .43 445 8.5 11.0 120 26 Jeffrey City 609 Sweetwater River at Agate Flat bridge, 09-23-91 23 405 8.5 11.0 130 41 below Jeffrey City 611 Sweetwater River above Split Rock 09-23-91 25 405 8.6 13.0 140 41 54 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY streamflow sites of the Sweetwater River and its tributaries, Fremont County, Wyoming Analytical results in milligrams per liter except as indicated; ft3/s, cubic feet per second; jiS/cm, degrees Celsius; --, no data; <, less than] Magne Sodium Potas Dissolved sium, Sodium, adsorp sium, Alkalinity, Sulfate, Chloride, Fluoride, Silica, solids, Nitrogen, dissolved dissolved tion dissolved total dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved sum of NO2+NO3 (Mg) (Na) ratio (K) (as CaCO3) (asS04) (Cl) (F) (as SiO2) constituents dissolved 1.4 2.5 0.2 1.3 28 3.0 0.20 <0.10 9.3 42 <0.050 1.2 2.4 .2 1.2 26 2.6 .10 <.10 9.1 39 <.050 1.4 2.8 .2 1.2 31 2.9 .20 <.10 9.6 45 <.050 1.8 4.2 .3 1.4 38 <.10 <.10 <.10 10 - <.050 12 8.0 .3 9.0 106 110 3.9 .20 10 272 <.050 3.8 5.2 .3 3.0 53 32 2.0 <.10 10 107 <.050 9.8 30 1 6.0 188 46 8.0 .70 32 296 <.050 4.0 5.4 .3 3.2 55 32 2.1 <.10 9.7 109 <.050 4.0 5.3 .3 3.0 57 32 2.2 <.10 9.0 110 <.050 4.0 5.3 .3 3.1 58 27 2.0 .20 9.4 106 <.050 4.2 7.4 .4 3.6 67 31 2.6 .20 11 122 <.050 15 160 7 14 130 240 91 .60 9.5 628 <.050 4.4 10 .5 4.0 70 35 4.3 .20 11 134 <.050 4.4 10 .5 3.5 70 35 4.0 .20 11 132 <.050 4.8 13 .6 4.0 80 39 5.0 .20 12 153 <.050 4.8 13 .6 4.1 81 40 5.0 .20 12 155 <.050 5.6 15 .6 4.4 98 40 5.6 .20 11 173 <.050 6.3 19 .8 5.0 108 50 8.0 .20 11 201 <.050 6.8 23 .9 5.1 117 53 11 .30 14 221 <.050 7.4 26 1 5.7 122 59 12 .30 15 239 <.050 14 56 2 4.3 185 57 7.9 .90 13 290 <.050 7.9 33 1 6.0 133 64 16 .40 16 264 <.050 8.0 34 1 6.1 136 65 16 .40 19 271 <.050 WATER QUALITY 55 Table 10. Concentrations of selected trace elements of water samples collected at selected [Site number: Simplified site number used in this report to identify miscellaneous Site Aluminum, Arsenic, Barium, Boron, number Date dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (pi. 3) Site name sampled (Al) (As) (Ba) (B) 576 Sweetwater River above Highway 28 bridge, near South 09-16-91 <10 <1 16 <10 Pass City 578 Sweetwater River near Hay Ranch, near South Pass City 09-16-91 <10 <1 14 <10 585 Rock Creek at mouth, near South Pass City 09-18-91 <10 2 68 20 592 Sweetwater River below Chimney Creek, near 09-20-91 <10 1 30 <10 Sweetwater Station 604 Sweetwater River at Mclntosh Ranch, near Jeffrey City 09-22-91 10 2 53 30 607 Sweetwater River below Jeffrey City 09-22-91 10 3 53 50 analyzed at the NWQL for common ions (table 11), and selected samples were analyzed for trace elements (table 12), radiochemical species (table 13), and pesticides (table 14). Physical characteristics of temperature, specific conductance, and pH were determined during field analysis. Analyses of water samples from wells that were completed in and springs that issued from Quaternary deposits and the Tertiary, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, and Precambrian rocks are included in this report. Figure 11 shows the distribution of dissolved-solids concentra tions for all water-bearing units sampled in Fremont County. Modified Stiff diagrams (fig. 12) represent the water type typically found in selected water-bearing units at various sites in Fremont County. Box plots (fig. 11) and modified Stiff diagrams (fig. 12) were created for water-yielding units containing five or more sites where water samples were collected, with the exception of the Frontier Formation, which had a highly variable water type; therefore, no Stiff diagram is presented. When a site had two or more samples analyzed, the total dissolved-solids concentrations were averaged for box plot calculations. Water-yielding units with five or more sites where water samples were collected are described in detail in each section. Quaternary Deposits Forty-seven water samples were collected for chemical analysis and five water samples were collected only for field analysis from wells completed in and springs that issue from Quaternary deposits. The water samples collected for chemical analysis consisted of 33 from the alluvium and colluvium, 10 from terrace deposits, 2 from glacial deposits, 1 from a landslide deposit, and 1 from a dune sand and loess deposit. The chemical characteristics of the water samples from alluvium and colluvium, and terrace deposits are described in the following section. Thirty-three water samples from 32 sites were collected for chemical analysis from the alluvium and colluvium 11 as part of this study including one replicate sample and 22 from previous studies conducted during 1965-90. The samples are from springs issuing from and wells completed in the alluvium and colluvium located along the following stream and river systems: the Wind River, the Little Wind River, the Middle Popo Agie River, and their tributaries; the Sweetwater River; and Poison Creek (fig. 13). Dissolved-solids concentra tions of the water samples from the alluvium and colluvium ranged from 141 to 1,430 mg/L (table 11). Water types of the samples from the alluvium and colluvium differed from sampling site to sampling site; however, most samples were either a calcium carbonate type or a sodium-calcium carbonate-sulfate type (fig. 12). Concentrations of selected constituents, for each water sample listed in table 11, also reflected that variability. Water samples from several wells were analyzed for specific trace elements; dissolved concentrations are listed in table 12. One water sample was analyzed for, but did not contain detectable levels of uranium (table 13). Another water sample was analyzed for, but did not contain, detectable levels of pesticides (table 14). 56 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY streamflow sites of the Sweetwater River and its tributaries, Fremont County, Wyoming streamflow sites. Dissolved concentrations in micrograms per liter; <, less than] Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Selenium, Silver, Zinc, dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (Cd)_____(Cr) (Cu) (Fe) (Pb) (Mn) (Hg) (Se) (Ag) (Zn) <1.0 <1 2 180 <1 3 <0.1 <1 <1.0 <3 <1.0 <1 2 160 <1 4 <.l <1 <1.0 6 <1.0 <1 2 110 <1 23 <.l <1 <1.0 4 <1.0 <1 2 75 <1 4 <.l <1 <1.0 <3 <1.0 <1 2 22 <1 20 <.l <1 <1.0 <3 <1.0 <1 2 14 <1 14 .1 <1 <1.0 3 Ten water samples from nine sites were collected for chemical analysis from wells completed in and a spring issuing from terrace deposits three as part of this study, and seven during 1951-89 for previous studies. Four water samples are from wells in the northern part of the county, and six samples are from wells in the central part, two samples are from site 33-099-08acc01 (fig. 13; table 11). Dissolved-solids concen trations of these water samples ranged from 293 to 1,670 mg/L (table 11). The variability of selected constituents for individual water samples listed in table 11 also reflected the variability of water type; however, most samples were a calcium-magnesium carbonate type as shown by the modified Stiff diagrams (fig. 12). Water samples from two wells and one spring were analyzed for specific trace elements; dissolved concentrations are listed in table 12. Three sites had water samples analyzed for pesticides (table 14). None of the samples had a detectable level of the selected pesticides. Tertiary Rocks One-hundred fifteen water samples were collected for chemical analysis, and 24 water samples were collected only for field analysis from wells completed in and springs that issue from Tertiary rocks. Six samples are from Miocene rocks, four samples are from the Arikaree Formation, eight samples are from the White River Formation, three samples are from the Tepee Trail Formation, and five samples are from the Wagon Bed Formation. One sample was collected from both the Bridger and the Crooks Gap Conglomerate. Two samples were collected from the Laney Member of the Green River Formation, 1 sample from the Wasatch Formation, 2 samples from the Battle Spring Formation, 80 samples from the Wind River Formation, and 2 samples from the Fort Union Formation. The chemical characteristics of the water samples from Miocene rocks, White River Formation, Wagon Bed Formation, and Wind River Formation are described in the following section. Six water samples were collected for chemical analysis from wells completed in and springs issuing from Miocene rocks all as part of this study. All sites are located in the south-central part of the county (fig. 14). Dissolved-solids concentrations of these water samples ranged from 185 to 287 mg/L (table 11). All samples were below the SMCL of 500 mg/L for dissolved solids set by the EPA (table 8). The modified Stiff diagram (fig. 12) shows that the water was a calcium carbonate type. Eight water samples were collected for chemical analysis from wells completed in and springs issuing from the White River Formation six as part of this study, and two (one in 1963 and one in 1965) as part of a previous study. All sites are located in the south-central part of the county (fig. 14). Dissolved-solids concentrations of water samples from the wells and springs ranged from 207 to 397 mg/L (table 11). The modified Stiff diagram (fig. 12) shows that the water was a calcium carbonate type. Water from two springs was analyzed for specific trace elements and those concentrations are reported in table 12. One sample in the White River Formation was analyzed for radium-226 and uranium. A radium-226 concentration of 0.4 +/- 0.1 pCi/L, and a uranium concentration of 14 +/- 1 |ig/L were detected in the sample (table 13). WATER QUALITY 57 Table 11 . Chemical analyses and physical properties of water samples [Local number: See text describing well-numbering system in the section titled ft, feet below land surface; |lS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 Specific Water Hard Magne Well conduc PH temper ness Calcium, sium, Sodium, Local number Date depth tance (standard ature (as dissolved dissolved dissolved (pi. 2) sampled (ft) (nS/cm) units) (°C) CaCO3) (Ca) (Mg) (Na) Primary geologic !N-4E-llccd01 08-19-87 80 629 8.6 - 35 7.8 3.7 140 08-11-91 80 663 8.0 15.0 66 19 4.4 130 32-099-32ca01 10-28-65 1,050 380 - 13.5 - ~ - - 33-099-26bd01 02-14-62 3,700 2,600 - 10.0 -- - - ~ 33-099-29cac01 08-09-90 1,500 345 8.5 16.0 1 .19 .07 79 42-107-32bc01 09-21-65 Spring 937 - 28.0 - ~ - - Quaternary !N-lE-34bcb01 11-02-66 28 - - -- 650 160 63 220 !N-2W-25cbb02 07-17-90 - 418 7.6 12.0 - - ~ ~ !N-2W-27dad01 07-17-90 26 116 7.5 14.0 - - ~ - !N-2W-35adc02 07-18-90 56 291 8.2 9.5 ~ -- - !N-4E-31dcc01 11-06-65 9 1,790 7.7 11.5 460 130 33 240 !S-lW-06caa01 09-03-89 40 618 7.8 15.5 230 55 23 51 29-091-1 3cab01 06-04-92 40 402 7.7 9.5 130 41 6.9 28 2N-lE-13ccc01 09-15-65 60 447 7.8 - 180 56 9.4 25 2S-lE-26add02 08-09-90 25 970 7.5 11.5 400 96 40 53 30-090- 16adc01 07-21-65 Spring 405 6.7 8.0 71 20 5.2 66 30-093-21ddb01 07-23-91 50 390 7.5 9.0 160 51 8.3 21 30-094-20bbc01 07-23-91 25 488 7.5 10.0 220 72 10 14 32-099-22dca01 08-06-90 150 1,820 6.8 11.5 860 180 100 95 33-098-08cac01 08-19-65 49 2,600 -- 10.0 - ~ - -- 33-098-08cbd01 09-21-65 49 2,600 ~ 10.0 - - - - 33-099- ISccdOl 07-25-91 60 750 7.5 320 87 26 54 34-098-20daa01 10-12-65 27 1,290 8.2 12.0 378 56 58 96 34-098-21ccb01 10-12-65 22 1,970 8.1 10.0 566 90 83 240 3N-lW-21aca01 08-03-89 36 995 7.5 10.0 260 73 18 120 3N-lW-22cac01 08-04-89 26 910 7.7 10.0 240 70 16 100 41-105-30dba01 05-19-92 55 435 7.6 9.0 200 52 17 9.2 41-105-33bcb01 05-22-92 Spring 575 7.7 9.0 240 66 18 32 !05-22-92 Spring 575 7.7 9.0 240 68 18 32 41-106-07dd01 10-04-65 20 820 7.3 9.0 290 69 28 72 41-106-16bba01 05-19-92 42 712 7.5 10.5 260 71 21 41 41-106-16bc01 10-04-65 11 490 8.1 9.0 210 52 20 24 41-107-03aa01 09-21-65 16 924 8.1 5.0 420 110 35 30 41-107-12ab02 06-09-65 50 1,000 7.5 - 350 91 31 95 42-106-08aba02 05-21-92 25 218 8.1 4.5 100 31 6.5 3.1 42-106-30dcc02 05-21-92 8.6 305 7.8 7.0 150 45 9.1 5.1 43-108-09baa01 05-22-92 40 211 7.8 10.0 110 29 8.9 2.3 58 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY collected from selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming Ground-Water Data. Analytical results in milligrams per liter except as indicated; degrees Celsius; °C, degrees Celsius; , no data; <, less than] Alka- Dissolved Sodium Potas- Unity, solids, Phos- adsorp- slum, Bicar- Car- total Sulfate, Chloride, Fluoride, Silica, sum Nitrogen, phorus, tion dissolved bonate bonate (as dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved of con- NO2+NO3, total ratio (K) (HCO3) (CO3) CaCO3) (asSO4) (Cl) (F) (asSiO2) stituents dissolved (P) unit unknown 16 1.7 270 50 4.2 0.80 14 390 1.40 0.010 7 1.4 290 49 3.3 .80 14 401 1.10 <.030 39 .30 145 27 4.9 .50 11 210 <.100 .300 Alluvium and Colluvium 4 8.9 400 730 20 1.0 15 1,420 3.9 490 500 64 .60 24 1,230 1 2.4 243 76 2.3 .50 16 374 .460 .020 1 4.7 156 43 7.0 .40 43 269 .410 -- .8 1.6 190 0 68 6.2 .20 13 272 - -- 1 3.6 219 280 4.6 .30 13 623 .200 <.010 3.4 4.6 206 0 36 7.1 1.0 25 267 1.3 -- .7 4.5 141 45 8.1 .30 28 253 .430 .030 .4 4.4 219 23 7.2 .40 33 304 1.90 .070 1 6.3 279 740 9.2 1.1 17 1,340 4.40 .030 1 3.1 -- -- 226 190 6.2 1.0 14 520 .630 .020 2.2 5.8 210 0 -- 400 12 .5 12 743 -- -- 4.4 8.4 271 0 -- 831 34 .6 12 1,430 - - 3 3.1 -- -- 276 220 9.3 .10 26 637 .420 .010 3 4.1 -- - 285 170 12 .40 24 568 <.100 .030 .3 2.7 191 34 3.9 .30 18 253 .280 .9 4.0 « 259 44 4.8 .20 33 364 1.40 - .9 4.0 260 57 4.8 .30 34 374 1.40 - 2 8.0 410 0 ~ 94 5.3 .40 28 509 -- - 1 3.8 -- " 291 64 7.9 <.10 28 414 .600 - .7 4.4 280 0 -- 40 6.0 .50 26 310 -- -- .6 9.2 500 0 71 22 .90 34 558 2 6.0 370 0 ~ 230 14 ~ -- 649 -- -- .1 1.9 ~ - 112 2.8 <.10 <.10 28 141 .066 - .2 2.3 ~ - 158 9.5 <.10 .20 26 192 <.050 -- .1 2.5 115 4.5 <.10 .20 30 146 .100 WATER QUALITY 59 Table 11 . Chemical analyses and physical properties of water samples Specific Water Hard Magne- Well conduc- pH temper ness Calcium, slum, Sodium, Local number Date depth tance (standard ature (as dissolved dissolved dissolved (pi. 2) sampled (ft) (|uS/cm) units) (°C) CaCO3) (Ca) (Mg) (Na) Quaternary 4N-3W-08bbd01 11-04-65 30 911 7.9 10.0 330 100 17 89 4N-3W-17bba01 07-26-90 35 668 7.7 ~ 200 61 11 73 4N-4W-02cda01 10-26-66 33 650 7.6 ~ 290 92 14 24 4N-4W-02dcb01 04-28-66 - 603 8.0 ~ 270 74 21 19 4N-4W-26bcb01 08-02-89 9 815 7.2 14.5 340 85 31 50 5N-5W-36daa01 06-29-90 45 859 9.7 10.5 3 .88 .21 180 6N-4W-20add01 07-26-90 12 549 7.4 11.5 260 80 15 26 Quaternary !N-lW-29bdb01 08-01-89 Spring 580 8.0 18.0 220 44 26 33 !S-lE-31dda01 10-06-65 45 543 8.1 9.5 260 63 26 15 !S-lE-32acd01 10-05-65 45 492 8.1 -- 250 49 31 11 33-099-08acc01 06-27-91 - 822 7.5 11.0 360 83 38 25 08-23-91 - 775 7.2 13.5 370 87 38 25 33-099-23dcb02 06-11-91 19 2390 7.5 10.0 480 95 59 350 4N-4W-09cad01 08-03-89 515 7.9 12.5 200 46 20 36 4N-4E-23acd01 06-26-51 23 - ~ - 68 - - 170 4N-4W-23adc01 04-28-66 30 ~ 290 47 42 140 4N-4W-23bab01 08-03-89 40 562 7.9 12.5 230 60 20 32 Quaternary 3N-2W-17acb01 11-04-65 45 380 7.7 - 160 46 10 18 41-106-15cbd01 05-19-92 - 438 8.0 9.0 200 52 16 9.3 Quaternary Land- 43- 108-22abb01 05-22-92 Spring 171 7.9 5.0 73 23 3.8 6.4 Quaternary Dune 37-089-3 IcccOl 08-04-91 Spring 1,240 8.5 11.5 92 22 8.6 230 Miocene 29-090-27aab01 06-04-92 115 230 7.8 11.5 87 29 3.5 14 30-090-03ccc01 06-04-92 - 458 8.2 9.0 73 20 5.6 65 30-092- ISabdOl 07-23-91 145 564 8.2 9.5 - - - - 30-094- ISdabOl 07-23-91 1,080 345 7.9 11.5 - - - ~ 30-095- 13aac01 06-14-91 600 328 7.6 11.0 140 45 5.5 16 30-095-13adc01 06-14-91 Spring 340 8.3 10.0 110 36 5.2 26 30-096-28dbc01 08-10-90 150 315 7.4 9.5 140 49 4.2 12 31-091-09abc01 08-21-91 260 406 7.6 9.0 170 48 12 17 Arikaree 27-097- 12caa01 06-21-90 Spring 525 9.6 10.5 4 1.1 .35 110 29-095- ISacdOl 06-24-90 Spring 420 7.7 9.0 140 43 6.9 37 31-091-14ca01 07-21-65 220 4,000 7.1 9.0 120 33 8.6 33 31-091-25dc01 07-21-65 150 620 7.3 11.0 105 32 6.0 31 60 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY collected from selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Alka- Dissolved Sodium Potas- Unity, solids, Phos adsorp- sium, Bicar- Car- total Sulfate, Chloride, Fluoride, Silica, sum Nitrogen, phorus, tion dissolved bonate bonate (as dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved of con NO2+NO3, total ratio (K) (HC03) (CO3) CaCO3) (asSO4) (Cl) (F) (asSiO2) stituents dissolved (P) Alluvium and Colluvium Continued 2 3.6 530 0 84 10 .30 29 596 -- -- 2 1.6 281 38 4.8 .30 24 382 <0.100 0.040 .6 2.8 290 0 100 3.4 .10 15 395 -- -- .5 3.5 260 0 85 7.4 .20 16 355 -- -- 1 .80 330 97 6.3 .30 10 479 <.100 .010 45 .40 256 130 13 .20 8.7 487 <.100 <.010 .7 2.8 232 15 9.8 <.10 31 319 <.100 .090 Terrace Deposits 1 2.2 170 110 8.7 .90 11 339 .210 <.010 .4 2.3 280 0 59 1.9 .90 18 326 - -- .3 2.1 280 0 38 2.6 .90 19 293 -- - .6 3.4 290 120 16 .30 12 482 2.30 <.010 .6 3.8 147 110 9.7 .30 13 379 .960 <.010 7 2.0 397 900 15 1.3 13 1,670 .310 .010 1 2.1 209 55 4.4 1.4 27 322 1.10 .010 330 7 120 17 ------4 2.0 570 0 120 17 1.3 24 671 -- -- .9 1.5 271 19 3.1 .8 27 333 1.5 .40 Glacial Deposits .6 2.4 170 0 52 4.0 .20 19 235 -- -- .3 2.2 157 61 4.2 .30 11 251 .230 -- slide Deposits .3 1.3 84 6.4 <.10 .10 29 120 <.050 -- Sand and Loess 11 4.5 175 440 8.1 .50 11 833 <.050 .020 rocks .7 4.7 107 9.9 3.3 .40 54 185 .450 -- 3 3.3 182 36 16 .50 24 287 .930 .6 4.5 146 16 7.3 .30 50 238 1.40 .030 1 4.8 138 15 7.7 .30 61 245 1.50 <.010 .4 4.5 146 21 4.7 .40 39 224 .300 .020 .6 4.9 171 19 7.0 .40 40 267 3.60 .070 Formation 23 1.6 150 51 27 2.9 24 308 <.100 <.010 1 6.9 171 49 14 .40 45 306 .200 .040 1 7.8 150 0 50 12 .60 52 273 -- -- 1.3 4.9 192 0 14 5.3 .4 28 218 2.8 WATER QUALITY 61 Table 11 . Chemical analyses and physical properties of water samples Specific Water Hard Magne- Well conduc- pH temper ness Calcium, slum, Sodium, Local number Date depth tance (standard ature (as dissolved dissolved dissolved (pi. 2) sampled (ft) (nS/cm) units) (°C) CaCO3) (Ca) (Mg) (Na) White River 28-094- llaacOl 07-22-91 Spring 379 7.9 9.0 140 46 6.6 23 30-098- 19cca01 08-02-90 Spring 390 7.5 10.0 210 57 16 4.3 30-098-26bba01 08-02-90 Spring 295 6.9 8.0 - - - - 30-098-28bbd01 08-02-90 Spring 410 7.1 6.5 - ~ - - 31-095-12bdb01 06-12-91 160 530 7.5 8.0 220 77 7.9 12 31-095-15dba01 06-24-91 160 346 7.6 9.0 180 57 8.9 9.8 31 -095-3 IdddOl 07-22-65 135 300 7.3 10.0 120 35 7.3 17 32-090- llaaaOl 10-03-63 Spring 362 7.9 9.0 20 7.8 .1 79 32-090-22ddc01 08-21-91 Spring 382 7.6 9.0 81 27 3.4 49 LAT-LONG 07-21-91 Spring 690 7.5 7.0 270 87 14 23 4243441075953 Tepee Trail 7N-5W-lldbb01 10-19-89 Spring 380 7.8 6.0 150 37 13 34 7N-5W-13bac01 09-05-89 Spring 302 7.7 5.0 130 37 9.9 14 7N-5W-13bdb01 10-19-89 Spring 314 8.0 7.5 120 31 9.3 29 Wagon Bed 31-096-25baa01 06-12-91 Spring 510 7.8 8.5 160 53 6.5 46 32-094-03cab01 06-25-91 Spring 960 7.7 6.0 - - - - 32-095-34cad01 06-12-91 Spring 362 8.3 9.5 160 55 5.6 7.0 40-089-3 lacbOl 06-01-92 - 458 7.7 20.0 230 54 22 10 40-09 l-27ddd01 08-08-91 134 930 7.7 19.5 110 23 13 170 40-092-3 IbabOl 06-03-92 400 330 7.2 10.5 130 41 6.4 17 Bridget 28-094-17abd01 07-22-91 600 418 9.3 9.0 7 2.1 .44 87 Crooks Gap 27-09 l-05ddc01 08-23-91 Spring 106 6.6 7.0 42 13 2.2 3.9 Laney Member of the 27-101-35dca01 11-17-76 Spring 900 7.6 6.5 180 40 20 130 06-19-90 Spring 960 7.6 6.0 180 44 18 140 Wasatch 27-101-15cdb01 06-19-90 Spring 480 7.4 5.0 52 14 4.2 22 Battle Spring 27-093- 14cad01 07-24-91 180 349 8.0 6.0 100 37 2.9 35 28-093-34dcb01 07-25-91 Spring 359 7.0 8.0 110 35 6.1 9.3 Wind River !N-lE-03bbb01 08-31-66 579 620 - 11.5 80 16 9.7 96 !N-3E-16cca01 10-19-48 103 - - 10.0 240 81 8.2 170 !N-4E-12ccc01 10-21-48 64 ~ -- 10.5 160 42 14 21 !N-4E-14dcb01 08-19-87 565 618 8.9 - 6 1.8 .40 140 08-10-91 565 568 9.0 -- 35 9.3 2.9 160 lN-5E-10dcd01 05-28-65 77 2,300 - 11.5 - ~ -- - 06-18-65 77 2,200 11.5 62 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY collected from selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Alka Dissolved Sodium Potas- linity, solids, Phos adsorp- slum, Bicar- Car- total Sulfate, Chloride, Fluoride, Silica, sum Nitrogen, phorus, tion dissolved bonate bonate (as dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved of con- N02+N03, total ratio (K) (HCO3) (CO3) CaCO3) (asSO4) (Cl) (F) fas SiO2) stituents dissolved (P) Formation .8 2.9 174 15 5.6 .30 30 235 .190 .060 .1 2.7 213 2.0 3.6 .30 32 247 .300 .040 0.3 4.1 151 86 6.2 0.30 42 329 0.590 0.010 .3 2.9 149 47 6.3 .30 45 271 1.00 .020 .7 3.4 180 0 -- 5.8 5.3 .30 44 207 -- -- - 7.2 206 0 -- 23 2.4 .3 53 276 1.5 - 2 6.2 164 26 3.9 .30 67 282 .250 .040 .6 8.5 201 110 8.1 .70 24 397 .250 .050 Formation 1 2.2 203 10 1.2 .20 25 244 <.100 .130 .5 1.7 152 10 .90 .20 31 197 .270 .140 1 1.8 163 10 1.1 .20 25 206 .200 .010 Formation 2 3.6 181 77 3.6 .40 32 331 .066 .040 .2 3.6 159 9.1 7.6 .20 46 233 .750 .060 .3 3.9 199 49 3.8 .50 10 273 <.050 -- 7 3.2 374 110 10 .50 18 572 <.050 <.010 .7 1.5 135 30 5.4 .50 24 207 <.050 Formation 14 .60 123 77 3.3 .40 7.6 252 <.050 .090 Conglomerate .3 .40 41 7.9 .20 <.10 19 73 .450 <.010 Green River Formation 4 2.1 330 0 - 190 3.4 .70 17 563 .010 .010 4 2.1 310 200 11 .90 15 617 <.100 <.010 Formation 1 1.7 89 11 .30 .20 19 126 .100 <.010 Formation 1 1.1 138 45 4.2 .20 16 225 <.050 .040 .4 1.8 94 36 1.9 <.10 13 160 .050 .100 Formation 5 2.5 200 0 - 100 20 .60 1.8 350 - - 5 4.0 160 426 -- 0 17 .30 15 800 - -- .7 .80 150 4 -- 68 7.0 .40 19 248 - - 25 .3 180 110 7.7 .7 9.8 379 .10 .010 12 1.0 180 120 7.3 .7 10 420 .10 <.030 WATER QUALITY 63 Table 11 . Chemical analyses and physical properties of water samples Specific Water Hard Magne Well conduc- pH temper ness Calcium, sium, Sodium, Local number Date depth tance (standard ature (as dissolved dissolved dissolved (pi. 2) sampled (ft) ftiS/cm) units) (°C) CaCO3) (Ca) (Mg) (Na) Wind River !S-2E-14aaa01 06-26-90 62 1,400 7.6 9.5 580 150 49 100 !S-3E-23acc01 07-23-90 ~ 630 9.0 12.5 6 2.3 .11 140 !S-4E-09cdb01 07-24-90 515 872 8.8 - 13 4.9 .15 190 lS-5E-llacc01 11-05-65 225 2,320 8.0 13.0 540 150 39 340 2N-lE-36bda01 09-01-89 135 3,530 7.3 12.0 1,400 380 99 320 2N-2E-17bcb01 08-20-91 265 4,400 6.8 12.5 1,100 340 66 640 2N-2E-32ccc01 09-01-89 181 486 7.8 11.5 210 70 8.6 16 2N-2W-27abc01 07-19-90 65 1,190 7.5 10.0 590 140 58 37 2N-3E-04acd01 08-20-91 215 1,390 8.8 10.5 36 14 .21 270 2N-3E-34cdb01 08-08-90 218 1,900 7.8 16.0 69 27 .26 380 2N-4E-01cbc02 08-22-91 90 560 8.0 12.5 220 55 21 65 2N-4E-30cbc01 08-20-91 710 1,560 9.1 10.0 31 12 .21 290 2N-5E-04bbb01 08-19-87 89 1,340 8.4 - 37 14 .40 270 2N-5E-04bbb02 08-10-91 230 1,150 8.6 16.0 31 12 .20 250 2N-6E-19bab01 08-20-91 100 761 7.0 12.0 57 18 2.9 88 2N-6E-30ddd01 03-08-65 1,800 ._ 9.5 08-19-66 - 1,830 10.5 ~ - 30-096-35cb01 06-24-64 240 320 10.0 ~ « - 33-090-22dd01 06-08-57 112 1,600 5.3 - 830 280 33 68 33-090-28aa01 01-14-64 84 1,750 7.0 9.0 1,000 300 70 27 33-090-28abb01 08-21-91 Spring 1,670 8.2 12.5 690 220 34 110 33-090-28cc01 11-19-62 105 1,190 7.7 __ 500 150 29 74 33-090-28db01 01-15-64 265 921 7.6 10.0 350 110 20 65 33-090-32aa01 01-15-64 338 1,080 7.0 9.0 450 140 22 65 33-090-32aa02 11-19-62 207 1,480 7.5 - 690 240 23 72 33-096-16add01 06-25-91 376 1,580 8.6 10.0 12 4.0 .49 320 33-096-33dbc01 06-25-91 100 2,090 8.2 10.0 45 16 1.3 440 34-092-04ddd01 07-20-91 65 1,580 7.6 9.5 400 110 30 190 34-093- 19dd01 10-21-65 362 1,800 - 9.0 ~ ~ - - 34-093-20ab01 08-25-65 390 1,440 8.5 11.0 11 2.6 1.1 355 34-094-12bca01 06-27-65 225 5,350 7.2 ~ 230 80 6.2 1,200 06-26-91 225 5,400 8.2 10.0 ~ - - ~ 35-091-30dcb01 08-22-91 165 3,310 8.0 10.5 86 26 5.0 720 35-094- 13bd01 08-27-65 230 1,050 - 10.0 - - - ~ 36-092-30aca01 08-06-91 237 3,200 8.0 11.0 120 43 2.3 630 36-093-1 Sad 08-27-65 240 2,400 8.3 11.0 100 36 2.4 530 36-094-36dcc01 08-27-65 104 3,500 8.1 10.0 370 88 36 720 08-22-91 104 3,490 8.4 11.0 64 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY collected from selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Alka Dissolved Sodium Potas- linity, solids, Phos adsorp- slum, Bicar- Car- total Sulfate, Chloride, Fluoride, Silica, sum Nitrogen, phorus, tion dissolved bonate bonate (as dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved ofcon- N02+N03, total ratio (K) (HCO3) (C03) CaC03) (as SO4) (Cl) (F) (as SiO2) stituents dissolved (P) Formation Continued 2 3.5 270 480 17 .20 15 983 1.30 <.010 24 .30 171 120 9.7 .50 8.7 384 <.100 <.010 23 .40 162 240 16 .70 8.7 558 <.100 <.010 6 7.4 470 0 780 77 1.2 16 1,640 ~ -- 4 12 224 1,400 130 .30 35 2,950 100 .020 8 5.0 372 1,800 150 0.50 15 3,240 0.190 <0.010 .5 1.9 92 81 8.8 .30 19 261 <.100 <.010 .7 2.0 200 420 5.7 .40 13 800 .900 <.010 20 .50 58 530 11 3.5 10 874 <.050 <.010 20 .70 46 740 38 1.0 9.7 1,220 <.100 <.010 2 1.7 153 200 9.5 .70 13 462 .970 .010 23 .40 34 480 110 2.5 10 926 <.050 <.010 19 .50 73 470 41 1.4 7.0 849 .20 .010 20 .60 75 410 38 1.4 8.0 765 <.10 <.030 5 6.3 114 150 6.8 .50 8.7 352 .370 .440 -- -- 1 10 7 0 210 9.0 .30 12 630 .4 13 260 0 780 45 .40 30 1,390 - -- 2 16 189 760 14 .50 29 1,300 <.050 .010 1 15 240 0 400 15 .40 15 821 2 14 230 0 290 4.8 .30 21 630 -- -- 1 14 270 0 370 4.3 .20 26 775 -- -- 1 12 300 0 600 8.5 .20 26 1,130 -- -- 40 1.0 198 510 29 1.1 7.6 993 <.050 .010 28 1.1 182 810 32 .70 7.7 1,420 <.050 <.010 4 6.1 215 600 10 1.1 11 1,090 .064 <.010 47 3.0 549 57 125 69 .6 6.8 892 2.0 36 3.1 83 0 2,600 33 1.3 7.7 4,010 -- " 34 2.7 219 1,400 7.7 1.9 7.8 2,300 .059 <.010 25 1.5 112 1,400 36 1.3 8.2 2,190 <.050 <.010 23 3.1 150 3 950 58 1.3 6.7 1,660 - -- 16 4.1 200 0 1,600 16 .90 5.0 2,590 - - WATER QUALITY 65 Table 11 . Chemical analyses and physical properties of water samples Specific Water Hard Magne Well conduc pH temper ness Calcium, sium, Sodium, Local number Date depth tance (standard ature (as dissolved dissolved dissolved (pi. 2) sampled (ft) OiS/cm) units) (°C) CaC03) (Ca) (Mg) (Na) Wind River 37-089- 18ada01 08-18-91 Spring 1,560 9.1 11.5 8 2.6 .33 320 37-090- IQbabOl 06-01-92 ~ 1,320 8.9 10.5 14 5.5 .11 240 37-09 l-23ac01 10-18-60 265 2,690 8.2 - 120 47 1.5 540 37-09 l-25bc01 09-14-65 113 1,720 8.1 10.0 298 83 22 310 37-094- IScdbOl 08-22-91 106 3,450 7.7 11.5 1,100 380 41 550 38-090-0 Ibbc02 06-01-92 57 1,820 8.0 11.5 180 35 23 320 38-090-07cbb01 06-15-65 110 5,000 ~ 10.0 - - ~ ~ 08-08-91 110 5,550 7.5 10.5 960 220 99 990 38-090-09bd01 06-12-65 70 3,000 - 10.0 ~ - - ~ 38-090- 18bb01 09-15-65 110 1,560 8.6 ' 11.0 16 4.2 1.3 360 38-093-06acc02 06-03-92 565 1,100 8.7 14.0 18 7.1 .12 220 38-093-28bbc01 08-05-91 730 1,540 10.0 13.0 5 1.7 .20 310 38-094- 14aa01 06-11-65 480 1,150 11.0 - 38-094- 14ccc01 06-11-65 2,210 1,700 - 14.5 -- -- - ~ 08-08-91 2,210 1,740 8.6 14.0 71 28 .24 330 39-090- 13dca02 06-01-92 « 2,380 7.6 11.5 83 19 8.6 540 39-092- BdbdOl 06-03-92 125 1,850 7.2 15.5 770 160 91 120 39-093-35acc01 08-07-91 520 1,680 8.6 14.0 26 10 .25 340 3N-lE-09cda01 11-01-66 207 3,600 ~ ~ 580 200 20 760 3N-lE-26caa01 08-08-90 45 680 7.3 16.0 190 64 7.6 69 3N-lW-20aca01 08-08-90 400 1,030 8.8 11.5 18 6.8 .23 200 3N-2E-02cdc01 08-19-91 47 1,450 7.5 9.5 600 160 48 210 3N-2E-14aad01 08-08-90 40 425 7.5 14.5 150 45 8.5 38 3N-2W-01add02 08-04-89 300 1,650 8.0 12.5 170 51 9.3 300 3N-3E-26aba02 10-19-48 244 1,660 7.1 9.5 68 27 .10 330 08-08-90 244 1,510 8.5 14.0 58 23 .09 300 3N-4E-29dcc02 08-19-91 50 910 7.7 11.5 100 34 4.8 170 3N-4E-36cad01 08-07-90 160 3,180 7.4 10.0 220 87 1.0 580 3N-5E-33dcc01 10-16-48 35 .. ._ 8.5 680 210 41 740 08-07-90 35 1,020 7.5 9.5 95 28 6.1 200 41-106-08cac01 05-20-92 645 830 7.8 10.5 97 29 6.0 150 41-106-28cb01 10-04-65 235 502 8.2 9.0 280 69 25 4.5 41-107-12ab03 09-21-65 127 1,150 7.6 5.5 360 95 31 110 42-107-lldaOl 09-21-65 101 2,690 7.6 7.5 720 182 65 312 42-107-13bd01 01-21-65 110 1,600 5.5 42-107- 19daa01 05-22-92 90 2,440 7.7 6.5 350 80 36 400 42-107-23cac01 09-21-65 101 2,600 7.6 5.5 720 180 65 310 05-20-92 101 1,960 7.5 7.5 380 93 35 260 42-108-06dbc01 05-21-92 ~ 455 8.1 7.0 160 46 11 32 4N-lE-llbbd01 11-02-66 185 6,300 7.8 430 150 15 1500 66 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY collected from selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Alka Dissolved Sodium Potas linity, solids, Phos adsorp sium, Bicar- Car- total Sulfate, Chloride, Fluoride, Silica, sum Nitrogen, phorus, tion dissoived bonate bonate (as dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved of con NO2+NO3, total ratio (K) (HC03) (CO3) CaCO3) (asS04) (Cl) (F) (as SiO2) stituents dissolved (P) Formation Continued 50 1.0 251 450 7.0 1.3 7.2 940 <.050 .030 28 .60 118 420 20 1.1 7.0 765 <.050 ~ 21 1.4 34 0 1,200 21 2.0 6.0 1,790 -- -- 8 4.4 189 0 757 20 .9 9.8 1,300 1.3 - 7 5.0 96 2,100 110 1.0 6.0 3,260 1 .010 10 4.5 283 570 26 0.90 8.7 1,160 0.120 - 14 7.0 225 3,100 57 1.0 8.0 4,620 .860 <.010 39 2.7 247 15 481 34 2.0 9.8 1,030 ._ _- 22 <.10 137 350 7.6 .70 8.8 676 <.050 -- 60 .70 190 480 39 2.3 1.3 949 <.050 <.010 17 .60 38 760 35 2.6 9.2 1,190 <.050 <.010 26 13 1,220 25 94 2.0 6.2 1,440 <.050 ~ 2 17 286 710 12 1.9 8.4 1,290 <.050 -- 29 .60 150 660 7.4 .50 8.3 1,120 <.050 <.010 14 2.8 450 0 1,800 67 .40 18 3,060 -- -- 2 1.1 200 110 12 .30 9.9 415 4.80 <.010 21 .70 49 290 77 2.8 9.8 617 <.100 <.010 4 4.2 206 860 3.0 2.4 9.2 1,430 1.00 <.010 1 2.3 158 67 5.6 .50 8.6 274 .800 <.010 10 1.3 221 560 29 .90 12 1,100 .780 <.010 18 4.0 23 0 660 59 1.0 11 1,110 ~ ~ 17 .40 18 600 60 1.1 9.4 1,000 <.100 <.010 7 1.0 411 82 5.3 1.0 9.4 562 1.90 .020 17 1.0 29 1,500 57 1.4 8.3 2,250 .200 <.010 12 3.2 330 0 1,800 58 1.1 19 2,990 9 1.7 345 170 9.1 .70 6.5 658 6.50 .020 7 3.3 284 160 6.9 1.1 13 540 <.050 - .1 2.4 330 0 4.1 7.1 .40 18 294 -- - 2 6.8 350 0 300 16 .60 28 758 - -- 5 8.5 271 0 1,120 44 .8 12 1,880 ~ ~ 9 5.5 360 780 31 .80 7.6 1,560 .093 __ 5 8.5 270 0 1,100 44 .80 12 1,880 ~ " 6 4.7 395 520 19 <.10 13 1,180 <.050 ~ 1 6.7 231 12 3.2 <.10 39 289 <.050 ~ 31 6.3 210 0 3,300 77 1.2 6.9 5,110 " WATER QUALITY 67 Table 11 . Chemical analyses and physical properties of water samples Specific Water Hard Magne Well conduc- pH temper ness Calcium, sium, Sodium, Local number Date depth tance (standard ature (as dissolved dissolved dissolved (pi. 2) sampled (ft) (US/cm) units) (°C) CaCO3) (Ca) (Mg) (Na) Wind River 4N-lE-18dbc01 11-02-66 272 - - - 100 36 2.9 590 4N-lW-04cbb01 10-31-66 166 1,350 8.3 ~ 32 9.6 1.9 260 4N-lW-25daa01 12-19-66 487 -- ~ 93 32 3.2 340 4N-2W-06add01 08-22-66 301 1,100 11.5 ~ - - - 4N-2W-33daa01 08-22-66 131 2,200 - 12.0 - - - - 4N-4E-13dbd01 08-19-91 395 2,810 9.1 14.5 71 28 0.30 560 4N-4E-19cdd01 08-19-91 100 612 7.6 11.5 170 41 16 61 4N-4W-08bca01 07-26-90 95 202 9.2 12.0 - ~ ~ - 4N-4W-22adb01 08-02-89 460 1,040 9.2 12.0 10 3.1 .49 220 5N-4E-21ccd01 10-26-66 296 - - - 120 34 8.0 820 5N-5E-33aba01 10-26-66 190 160 52 7.9 1,100 6N-3W-33ccd01 10-31-66 96 ~ ~ - 28 11 .10 290 7N-lE-19cca01 04-28-65 - 460 ~ 12.0 250 52 28 5.0 Fort Union !S-2E-09bbb01 11-06-65 430 1,760 8.4 - 28 8.3 1.8 390 34-093- 19ddc02 09-16-65 268 4,000 - 11.0 - - ~ - 06-26-91 268 6,900 8.0 11.0 140 23 19 1,500 Mesaverde 34-092- ISdbdOl 07-20-91 298 1,800 9.2 11.0 7 1.3 .94 440 34-092-22bdc01 07-21-91 50 2,140 7.4 9.0 580 140 57 230 Cody !N-lE-36cb01 05-18-45 300 - ~ - 87 15 12 600 31-096-05bda01 12-01-65 135 4,000 ~ 8.0 - - - - 32-096-32acd01 06-13-91 110 3,750 8.0 10.0 360 79 40 680 33-098-06ccd01 06-11-91 132 7,400 7.6 13.5 1,900 380 240 1,300 08-23-91 132 3,750 6.9 11.0 - - ~ - 33-099-30bda01 08-09-90 50 5,800 7.1 11.0 1,600 350 180 720 34-091-13bbc01 07-21-62 271 1,700 - 10.5 ~ - ~ - 08-22-91 271 1,890 8.8 11.5 16 2.9 2.2 410 34_094-27cd01 06-27-65 312 6,600 8.3 - 1,000 170 150 1,400 Frontier !N-lE-33bbb01 07-02-68 712 - - 10.0 6 2.2 .10 570 !N-2W-35acd01 07-18-90 80 1,320 7.8 10.5 ~ - ~ - !S-lW-08ccb01 05-19-45 548 1,800 - - 8 1.0 1.3 440 07-02-68 548 13.0 560 170 34 21 lS-lW-15cca01 06-26-90 100 7,650 7.8 11.0 1,000 250 100 1,600 2N-2W-31cda03 07-19-90 85 1,720 7.6 8.5 460 120 39 220 68 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY collected from selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Alka Dissolved Sodium Potas- linity, solids, Phos adsorp- slum, Bicar- Car- total Sulfate, Chloride, Fluoride, Silica, sum Nitrogen, phorus, tion dissolved bonate bonate (as dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved of con- NO2+NO3, total ratio (K) (HCO3) (CO3) CaC03) (as SO4) (Cl) (F) (asSiO2) stituents dissolved (P) Formation Continued 25 .20 130 0 1,200 14 .40 11 1,910 .. 20 1.0 140 2 410 51 1.4 5.4 808 - 15 1.8 50 4 760 15 .50 1.8 1,190 - 29 1.0 24 1,100 110 4.9 8.9 1,830 <0.050 <0.010 2 2.4 233 42 6.9 2.5 13 363 8.60 <.010 31 .80 248 28 150 3.8 3.8 560 <.100 <.010 33 30 72 0 1,400 340 2.2 5.7 2,640 -- 37 3.0 76 0 1,800 420 3.8 4.9 3,400 24 .20 90 0 440 86 3.4 -- 877 - .1 2.2 220 0 67 5.0 .70 11 281 - Formation 32 3.1 560 16 1.5 290 2.6 6.9 994 - 56 9.1 303 3,100 270 1.1 6.0 5,110 .600 <.010 Formation 72 1.7 738 180 16 9.3 6.7 1,100 .051 .200 4 5.8 279 810 32 .50 23 1,470 .560 .090 Shale 28 390 23 730 180 1.2 -- 1,750 -- 16 6.6 237 1,700 79 1.3 6.3 2,740 <.050 <.010 13 23 462 4,300 34 .40 6.8 6,850 64.0 .010 ------4.80 -- 8 7.2 372 2,700 61 .60 9.9 4,250 <.100 <.010 44 2.2 526 360 39 .90 6.8 1,140 <.050 .040 19 15 850 18 3,100 86 .60 8.2 5,390 -- Formation 100 1.3 1,090 0 290 34 1.9 4.1 1,450 68 430 70 430 20 3.8 1,170 .4 1.9 250 0 400 2.8 .60 15 768 -- 22 11 430 3,700 75 1.4 6.9 6,030 5.10 .080 4 3.0 253 610 9.2 .50 12 1,170 <.100 <.010 WATER QUALITY 69 Table 11 . Chemical analyses and physical properties of water samples Specific Water Hard Magne Well conduc- pH temper ness Calcium, sium, Sodium, Local number Date depth tance (standard ature (as dissolved dissolved dissolved (pi. 2) sampled (ft) (pS/cm) units) (°C) CaCO3) (Ca) (Mg) (Na) Frontier 31-098-28dcb01 08-05-90 Spring 660 7.1 8.5 240 72 15 69 32-099-03cac01 08-06-90 Spring 575 7.1 17.0 310 70 33 13 32-099-16dcc01 10-14-65 345 8,000 - 11.0 - - - - 33-095-27bcd01 06-24-91 4,680 7,000 8.0 15.0 47 11 4.8 1,500 33-099-32ddb01 08-09-90 Spring 415 6.7 16.0 130 32 12 45 33-099-35cac01 06-10-91 Spring 2,250 8.0 9.5 230 54 22 400 33-100-llaccOl 08-11-91 500 500 7.6 20.0 270 70 23 9.7 4N-4W-14ccb01 11-04-65 400 3,170 7.9 - 130 33 11 680 Mowry 33-094-27adb01 06-25-91 Spring 970 7.7 10.0 54 17 2.9 180 Thermopolis 31-098-18cdc01 08-02-90 Spring 355 6.5 9.5 82 22 6.5 44 33-099-34dad01 08-02-90 120 800 5.9 11.0 200 50 18 76 Cleverly 30-098- 12bac01 08-04-90 Spring 635 7.0 11.5 260 73 20 30 32-099-27dbc01 08-06-90 225 2,240 7.4 15.0 15 5.0 .70 470 33-090-22ca01 01-15-64 1,500 1,760 8.5 23.0 13 5.1 ~ 400 33-090-23bc01 01-15-64 1,050 1,180 6.9 6.0 150 47 8.5 200 33-090-28bc01 09-19-61 1,050 1,230 6.8 20.0 120 36 7.8 230 Morrison 32-099-34abc01 10-14-65 350 1,300 9.1 10.0 6 1.8 .40 300 08-09-90 350 1,380 9.2 15.0 4 1.1 .31 320 33-099-23dc01 10-13-65 215 2,400 8.5 9.0 13 3.0 1.3 610 Sundance 6N-2W-22cba01 09-17-64 Spring 2,300 - 11.0 ~ - ~ ~ Gypsum Spring 6N-2W-22cbb01 09-04-89 Spring 1,940 8.3 12.5 730 110 110 180 Nugget 33-094-23dbd01 06-26-91 Spring 2,070 7.2 11.0 190 50 16 400 Chugwater !S-2W-26ada01 06-23-66 56 1,200 - 10.5 - - - - 30-096-07bb02 08-18-65 290 1,900 7.2 24.0 480 130 39 130 31-097-30adc01 08-04-90 Spring 2,450 7.2 9.0 - ~ - - 32-100-23dab01 08-06-90 42 1,200 7.1 9.0 700 200 48 13 33-094-26ddb01 06-25-91 Spring 1,480 7.2 16.0 580 150 51 79 40-090-20dbb01 06-02-92 50 670 7.5 9.0 330 79 32 12 4N-5W-14dcd01 06-29-90 Spring 1,200 7.9 11.5 580 160 45 41 5N-6W-14ddb01 09-28-64 Spring 2,300 - 9.5 - - - - 70 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY collected from selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Alka Dissolved Sodium Potas- linity, solids, Phos adsorp- sium, Bicar- Car- total Sulfate, Chloride, Fluoride, Silica, sum Nitrogen, phorus, tion dissolved bonate bonate (as dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved of con N02+N03, total ratio (K) (HCO3) (CO3) CaCO3) (as SO4) (Cl) (F) (as SiO2) stituents dissolved (P) Formation Continued 2 2.2 195 190 5.1 .40 21 492 <.100 .100 .3 2.4 320 19 3.4 .90 17 352 .300 .020 95 5.6 476 7.7 2,000 2.3 8.8 3,830 .110 .010 2 1.7 130 91 5.9 .40 13 280 .200 <.010 12 1.8 258 850 9.3 1.3 12 1,510 .120 <.010 .3 .9 200 82 1.7 .7 20 329 .300 .040 26 2.4 170 0 -- 1,200 120 1.6 7.4 2,170 -- -- Shale 11 1.9 130 340 5.7 1.3 20 648 0.190 0.250 Shale 2 .90 113 67 4.4 .20 10 223 <.100 <.010 2 2.8 3.8 340 10 .60 22 525 .800 .010 Formation .8 4.5 165 150 7.9 .40 12 397 <.100 .020 52 1.0 252 850 14 1.0 8.8 1,500 .200 .100 48 2.0 340 16 - 530 17 1.5 14 1,150 -- -- 7 5.4 190 0 ~ 410 10 .40 18 787 -- - 9 5.6 220 0 -- 390 9.0 .50 16 805 - - Formation 52 .80 380 52 ~ 240 6.6 2.3 10 798 -- ~ 69 .50 343 320 8.2 1.8 9.6 867 <.100 <.010 75 1.2 480 31 - 790 26 4.0 7.9 1,710 -- ~ Formation Formation 3 6.7 321 700 41 1.0 16 1,360 <.100 <.010 Sandstone 13 6.4 295 760 42 2.0 13 1,470 <.050 <.010 Formation 3 23 170 0 -- 480 100 1.3 24 1,020 -- -- .2 1.5 217 480 <.10 .40 15 887 .400 <.010 1 17 178 560 59 1.8 14 1,040 <.050 <.010 .3 4.6 302 71 5.2 .60 17 403 .071 .7 1.8 215 420 9.6 .10 17 824 <.100 <.010 WATER QUALITY 71 Table 11 . Chemical analyses and physical properties of water samples Specific Water Hard Magne- Well conduc- pH temper ness Calcium, sium, Sodium, Local number Date depth tance (standard ature (as dissolved dissolved dissolved (pi. 2) sampled (ft) (nS/cm) units) (°C) CaC03) (Ca) (Mg) (Na) Phosphoria 2S-lW-20bdb01 08-01-89 Spring 550 8.0 8.5 280 54 35 4.3 30-096-07bb01 08-18-65 269 1,800 6.6 21.5 490 140 36 120 30-097- lOdadOl 08-03-90 Spring 365 7.6 12.0 180 44 16 8.6 30-097-llbbOl 08-18-65 408 1,400 7.4 15.5 550 150 44 60 30-099-03cdd01 06-23-90 Spring 410 7.6 6.0 ~ ~ - ~ 31-098-24dcd01 08-04-90 Spring 430 7.3 15.0 220 53 22 6.2 33-101-25aaa01 07-25-91 Spring 450 8.0 7.0 250 54 29 2.1 42-107-32dbd01 05-22-92 80 840 7.0 19.5 430 120 31 20 5N-6W-14dad01 09-30-64 980 3,920 - 10.5 1,300 410 68 560 5N-6W-35ada01 10-01-65 200 4,230 8.2 9.0 1,800 450 170 470 6N-3W-21dcb01 08-08-90 5,450 2,390 7.2 9.0 510 130 44 330 Tensleep !S-lW-02aad01 07-02-68 Spring - - 41.0 470 130 35 45 09-03-89 Spring 1,030 7.4 37.0 450 130 31 40 10-16-89 Spring 1,010 7.2 43.5 450 130 30 40 31-099-09bcb01 08-07-90 458 390 7.5 15.0 200 44 21 3.3 33-089- IScdcOl 07-16-64 1,670 1,430 7.0 38.5 559 158 40 93 33-090-24bc01 01-15-64 1,360 1,920 6.8 55.0 680 210 38 170 33-100-18bdd01 08-17-65 900 400 7.2 13.5 220 47 25 4.9 07-25-90 900 424 7.6 12.5 230 54 23 2.1 33-100-18cba01 07-25-90 450 409 7.6 11.0 230 55 23 1.6 33-101-13aba01 08-17-56 700 440 7.4 9.5 210 44 25 2.0 07-25-90 700 414 7.6 10.5 ~ - ~ -- 42-107-32bc01 09-21-65 Spring 937 6.8 27.8 464 123 38 17 Madison 2N-lW-18ccc01 08-08-90 4,210 1,230 7.2 62.0 580 170 37 40 2S-2E-19ccc01 08-02-90 2,930 354 7.8 26.0 190 47 17 5.3 31-100-25abd01 06-23-90 Spring 575 7.3 7.0 270 57 30 2.1 32-100-24ccb01 08-06-90 2,320 395 7.1 13.5 - - - - 33-099-23cdd01 06-11-91 - 1,190 8.0 19.5 500 180 12 79 33-099-35daa01 08-17-65 3,010 460 7.0 35.5 170 36 19 15 06-10-91 3,010 406 7.8 35.5 170 45 14 15 33-101-13aba02 07-25-90 1,400 418 7.6 10.0 230 57 22 1.6 40-089-06bca01 08-09-91 Spring 385 7.5 8.0 190 35 25 4.3 40-090-12abc01 08-09-91 Spring 425 8.1 8.5 210 39 27 7.5 40-106-22aca01 05-20-92 Spring 349 8.1 5.0 170 33 22 3.0 4N-6W-01aca01 06-29-90 Spring 370 7.9 14.0 190 43 20 4.5 Bighorn 3N-5W-10bcb01 06-28-90 Spring 180 7.7 5.5 91 20 10 2.0 7N-4W-30ccb01 09-05-89 Spring 330 8.0 9.0 180 23 30 1.9 72 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY collected from selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Alka Dissolved Sodium Potas- linity, solids, Phos adsorp- sium, Bicar- Car- total Sulfate, Chloride, Fluoride, Silica, sum Nitrogen, phorus, tion dissolved bonate bonate (as dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved of con NO2+NO3, total ratio (K) (HCO3) (C03) CaC03) (asSO4) (Cl) (F) (asSiO2) stituents dissolved (P) Formation and related rocks .1 1.1 237 54 1.3 .60 8.3 302 .250 .260 2 19 180 0 480 90 2.0 21 994 -- -- .3 2.2 159 29 6.2 .40 12 215 .200 .020 1 10 190 0 470 38 1.5 13 877 .2 1.7 183 47 4.7 .40 12 258 .200 .010 .1 1.1 208 50 <.10 .30 7.2 268 .170 .010 .4 8.6 377 86 28 1.3 16 537 <.050 -- 7 18 730 0 1,600 220 2.1 9.4 3,200 -- -- 5 7.6 370 0 2,300 76 1.1 14 3,690 -- -- 6 5.4 347 900 25 .30 10 1,650 <.100 <.010 Sandstone 0.9 13 210 0 360 40 0.70 36 763 -- -- .8 13 198 270 50 2.9 35 691 <0.100 <0.010 .8 13 210 270 49 2.9 35 714 1.40 <.010 .1 2.2 175 16 3.2 .40 12 208 .200 <.010 2 20 222 0 482 79 3.1 21 1,010 - - 3 29 140 0 710 140 2.4 38 1,410 -- -- .1 .70 270 0 8.2 5.3 .20 8.5 232 -- -- .1 .60 157 11 2.2 .10 8.3 196 .200 .010 .50 195 2.9 2.4 <.10 8.3 212 .200 <.010 .1 1.6 250 0 8.2 3.5 .30 8.8 218 -- ~ .3 7.0 479 0 84 23 1.2 18 547 ._ _- Limestone .7 15 213 400 46 2.5 40 878 <.100 <.010 .2 2.7 161 27 5.4 .50 24 226 <.100 <.010 .1 1.1 266 3.6 .90 .20 8.4 264 .300 <.010 2 4.0 104 560 2.1 .20 20 920 <.050 .030 .5 6.8 180 0 45 12 .70 21 244 .5 6.6 159 37 11 .70 20 245 <.050 <.010 -- .50 201 3.3 2.3 <.10 8.1 216 .200 .010 .1 2.0 192 8.3 4.3 .20 9.1 209 1.30 .040 .2 4.6 204 17 6.0 .30 9.5 238 1.10 .010 .1 1.6 172 9.3 4.3 .20 7.5 188 .920 - .1 2.0 175 16 5.0 <.10 11 209 .600 <.010 Dolomite .1 .90 93 3.6 .50 .20 8.6 102 .200 <.010 .1 .90 177 5.0 1.2 .10 8.0 178 .400 <.010 WATER QUALITY 73 Table 11 . Chemical analyses and physical properties of water samples Specific Water Hard Magne Well conduc pH temper ness Calcium, sium, Sodium, Local number Date depth tance (standard ature (as dissolved dissolved dissolved (pl-2) sampled (ft) (|xS/cm) units) (°C) CaC03) (Ca) (Mg) (Na) Cambrian 40-091-19ddb01 06-03-92 Spring 200 7.0 10.0 84 25 5.1 4.5 Flathead 29-097- 19bcb01 06-20-90 Spring 162 7.1 7.0 71 21 4.5 5.3 30-099- 19adc01 06-23-90 Spring 410 7.4 6.0 210 49 21 3.2 4N-6W-35cbd01 06-28-90 Spring 56 6.7 4.0 27 9.0 1.1 1.0 Precambrian 27-100-04dcd01 06-22-90 Spring 244 7.1 6.5 85 26 4.8 17 27-102-OlcdcOl 06-22-90 Spring 260 7.6 7.0 88 27 5.1 16 28-097- llbdaOl 06-21-90 Spring 165 7.0 6.0 -- ~ ~ ~ 28-097- 15add01 06-21-90 Spring 260 7.0 6.0 110 38 4.8 7.3 28-097-16bdb01 06-21-90 Spring 282 7.3 6.5 ~ ~ - - 28-097-23dcb01 06-21-90 Spring 280 7.1 ~ ~ - - 28-098-24bcb01 06-21-90 Spring 261 7.8 6.0 ~ - - - 28-101-07bcb01 06-19-90 Spring 245 7.0 6.0 - ~ -- ~ 28-101-08cad01 06-19-90 Spring 282 7.2 8.0 120 39 6.3 9.0 29-095-15abd01 06-24-90 Spring 1,100 7.5 29.0 270 70 22 130 29-097-29aca01 06-20-90 Spring 187 7.4 « - - - - 29-098-35bdb01 06-20-90 Spring 155 6.9 7.5 57 15 4.7 6.9 29-099- lOddcOl 06-20-90 Spring 84 6.9 9.0 ~ - - - 29-099- 16ada01 06-20-90 Spring 149 6.8 8.5 46 13 3.2 5.5 29-101-33bba01 06-19-90 Spring 127 6.6 7.0 - ~ -- ~ 31-093-09adc01 07-21-91 Spring 295 7.7 8.0 130 45 4.8 8.0 31-093-24ccd01 07-22-91 Spring 240 7.0 7.5 100 31 5.8 6.8 7N-4W-30aac01 09-05-89 Spring 342 7.4 6.5 180 45 16 2.3 'Sequential replicate (split) sample. 74 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY collected from selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Alka Dissolved Sodium Potas linity, solids, Phos adsorp sium, Bicar- Car- total Sulfate, Chloride, Fluoride, Silica, sum Nitrogen, phorus, tion dissolved bonate bonate (as dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved of con N02+N03, total ratio (K) ([HCOa) (C03) CaC03) (asS04) (CD (F) (as SiO2) stituents dissolved (P) rocks .2 1.1 74 16 2.2 .20 17 119 .640 - Sandstone .3 .90 73 6.5 .10 .20 15 99 .400 .100 .1 2.5 201 20 1.1 <.10 8.9 228 .400 <.010 .1 .50 27 2.0 .50 .20 6.0 37 <.100 .040 rocks .8 3.3 113 13 9.2 .50 38 181 .300 .020 .7 4.0 114 16 10 .50 39 188 .400 .010 .3 1.5 113 17 1.8 .20 21 160 .200 <.010 0.4 4.0 130 16 10 0.40 16 180 0.200 <0.010 3 15 179 220 120 1.8 28 714 <.100 <.010 .4 2.0 64 9.1 .40 .20 14 92 .300 <.010 .4 1.9 58 6.0 .10 .10 16 81 .200 <.010 .3 1.8 137 9.5 .80 .20 21 176 .420 .020 .3 .90 90 17 4.3 .20 19 141 .490 .030 .1 .60 182 3.0 .60 .10 10 187 .110 <.010 WATER QUALITY 75 Alluvium and colluvium - | 0 Ll ! 02) - Terrace deposits - c ] (8) Glacial deposits - - X(2) 25th quartile 75th quartile Number of Landslide deposits ^\ ^s^ /'sites Dune sand and loess ~ Xd) Minimum Median Mean Maximum Miocene rocks - -§(6) Arikaree Formation (4) Median and mean have overlapping values White River Formation - -a- (8) X - Individual dissolved-solids concentration Tepee Trail Formation -*C(3) Wagon Bed Formation - & -(5) - Bridger Formation - Xd) - Crooks Gap Conglomerate Xd) - Laney Member of the - - Green River Formation Xd) Wasatch Formation -Xd) - Battle Spring Formation -W(2) H 5 i | Wind River Formation - (77) Fort Union Formation - X X(2) - Mesaverde Formation X X(2) (6) * Cody Shale - 1 o | - Frontier Formation - -r ______(11) Mowry Shale Xd) Thermopolis Shale - x : <(2) - Cloverly Formation Ho. h- (5) - Morrison Formation - X X(2) - Gypsum Spring Formation - Xd) - Nugget Sandstone xd) Chugwater Formation - -T~5~l(5) - Phosphoria Formation i I do) Tensleep Sandstone - 1 (8) - Madison Limestone do) Bighorn Dolomite -sw ; Cambrian rocks Flathead Sandstone KX@) . Precambrain rocks (10) - /Secondary maximum /Wyoming water-quality standard for /Wyoming water-quality contaminant level, agricultural use, Wyoming Department standard for livestock 500 milligrams per of Environmental Quality, 1993, p. 9 use, Wyoming Department liter, for public of Environmental Quality, drinking-water 1993, p. 9 supplies, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991c i .... 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 DISSOLVED-SOLIDS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER Figure 11. Distribution of dissolved-solids concentrations in water samples from wells completed in and springs issuing from selected geologic units in Fremont County, Wyoming. 76 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY 414 637 482 238 329 Alluvium and Colluvium Terrace deposits Miocene rocks White River Wagon Bed 41-106-16bba01 3N-1W-21aca01 33-099-08acc01 30-095-13aac01 Formation Formation 31-095-12bdb01 31-096-25baa01 805 1040 1880 Cleverly Formation Chugwater Formation EXPLANATION Wind River Formation 33-090-28bc01 33-094-26ddb01 42-107-23cac01 141 Na + K m Cl + F 2740 Ca HCO3 + CO3 Precambrian rocks 31-093-24ccd01 10 864202468 10 Cody Shale Concentration, in milliequivalent per liter 32-096-32acd01 Number above diagram denotes dissolved-solids concentration, in milligrams per liter. Number below diagram denotes local number of sampling site. 1650 268 232 264 141 Phosphoria Formation Phosphoria Formation Tensleep Sandstone Madison Limestone Precambrian rocks Im deep well spring 33-100-18bdd01 31-100-25abd01 31-093-24ccd01 DO 6N-3W-21dcb01 33-101-25aaa01 O I Figure 12. Modified Stiff diagrams showing major cations and anions in selected water samples from wells completed in and springs issuing from selected water-bearing units in Fremont County, Wyoming. 109°15' f- EXPLANATION I SOURCE OF WATER FOR WELL OR SPRING 3 o Alluvium and colluvium D Terrace deposit (2) Number in parentheses indicates number 3) O of wells or springs at that site m 0) o 43-is-k .r* m >! -U _*. R. 110 W. 109 1081187 o 8 Base from U.S. Geological Survey RIVERTON RECLAMATION 1:500,000 Wyoming State base map, WITHDRAWAL AREA 1980 10 20 30 MILES I<«V JT.27N. 10 20 30 KILOMETERS R. 102 W. 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 R. 90 W. Figure 13. Location of water-quality sampling sites in Fremont County, Wyoming, for selected wells completed in and springs issuing from Quaternary alluvium and colluvium, and terrace deposits. Five water samples were collected for chemical analysis from wells completed in and springs issuing from the Wagon Bed Formation all as part of this study. Two sites are located in the south-central part of the county, and three sites are located in the northeast corner of the county (fig. 14). Dissolved-solids concentrations of water samples from the wells and springs ranged from 207 to 572 mg/L (table 11). The modified Stiff diagram (fig. 12) shows that the water was a calcium-sodium carbonate type. Water samples from the Wagon bed Formation was analyzed for radium-226 and uranium. A radium-226 concentration of 0.4 +/- 0.215 pCi/L and uranium concentration of 1.3 +/- 0.2 jig/L were detected in the sample (table 13). Eighty water samples from 70 sites were collected for chemical analysis from wells completed in and springs issuing from the Wind River Formation 35 as part of this study and 45 between 1948 and 1990 as part of other studies. The sites are located in the north-central part of the county (fig. 15). Dissolved-solids concen trations of water samples from these wells and springs ranged from 248 to 5,110 mg/L (table 11). The modified Stiff diagram (fig. 12) shows that the water was a sodium-calcium sulfate type. Samples from selected wells and springs were analyzed for specific trace elements and those concentrations are reported in table 12. One water sample contained a selenium concentration of 58 |lg/L, which is above the MCL of 50 |lg/L set by the EPA (table 8), Seven water samples for the Wind River Formation were analyzed for radium-226 and uranium (table 13). The sample collected in 1991 as part of this study had a radon concentration of 1.2 +/-0.400 pCi/L, and a uranium concentration of 76 +/-11 |lg/L. Ten water samples were analyzed for selected pesticides (table 14). One sample had a detectable level of two of the selected pesticides 2,4-D and dicamba. Mesozoic Rocks Thirty-eight water samples were collected for chemical analysis, and nine water samples were collected only for field analysis from wells completed in and springs issuing from Mesozoic rocks. These samples consist of 2 from the Mesaverde Formation, 6 from the Cody Shale, 12 from the Frontier Formation, 1 from the Mowry Shale, 2 from the Thermopolis Shale, 5 from the Cloverly Formation, 3 from the Morrison Formation, 1 from the Gypsum Spring Formation, 1 from the Nugget Sandstone, and 5 from the Chugwater Formation. The chemical characteristics of the water samples from the Cody Shale, the Frontier Formation, the Cloverly Formation, and the Chugwater Formation are discussed in the following section. Six water samples were collected for chemical analysis from wells completed in the Cody Shale four as part of this study and two during 1945 and 1965 as part of previous studies. These samples are from wells in the central part of the county (fig. 16). Dissolved-solids concentrations of water samples from these wells ranged from 1,140 to 6,850 mg/L (table 11). All water samples collected from wells completed in the Cody Shale had dissolved-solids concentrations 2 to 14 times greater than the SMCL of 500 mg/L set by the EPA (table 8). The modified Stiff diagram (fig. 12) shows that the water was a sodium sulfate type. Water from three wells was analyzed for specific trace elements and those concentrations are reported in table 12. One water sample contained a selenium concentration of 90 |lg/L, which exceeds the MCL of 50 |ig/L set by the EPA (table 8). Twelve water samples from 11 sites were collected for chemical analysis from wells completed in and springs issuing from the Frontier Formation 6 as part of this study, and 6 between 1945 and 1990 as part of other investigations. The samples are from wells located in the central part of the county, mainly along the foothills of the Wind River Range (fig. 16). Dissolved-solids concentrations of water samples from these wells and springs ranged from 280 to 6,030 mg/L (table 11). The water type was highly variable and no site could be considered as representative of the Frontier Formation. Water from five wells and one spring was analyzed for specific trace elements, and those concentrations are reported in table 12. One water sample was analyzed for specific pesticides (table 14) but none were detected. WATER QUALITY 79 Table 12. Concentrations of selected trace elements of water samples [Local number: See text describing well-numbering system in the section titled Aluminum, Arsenic, Barium, Boron, Cadmium, Date dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved Local number sampled (Al) (As) (Ba) (Ba) (Cd) Quaternary Alluvium !N-lE-34bcb01 11-02-66 660 - !N-4E-31dcc01 11-06-65 170 ~ !S-lE-31dda01 10-06-65 80 ~ !S-lW-06caa01 09-03-89 <1 - 140 ~ 2N-lE-13ccc01 09-15-65 20 - 30-094-20bbc01 07-23-91 ,. - 3N-lW-21aca01 08-03-89 1 17 150 <1.0 3N-lW-22cac01 08-04-89 1 26 120 <1.0 41-105-30dba01 05-19-92 - 41-107-03aa01 09-21-65 100 - 4N-3W-08bbd01 11-04-65 70 ~ 4N-4W-02cda01 10-26-66 60 - 4N-4W-02dcb01 04-28-66 50 - 4N-4W-26bcb01 08-02-89 1 93 90 <1.0 5N-5W-36daa01 06-29-90 170 - Quaternary !N-lW-29bdb01 08-01-89 <1 -- 90 ~ !S-lE-32acd01 10-05-65 50 ~ 4N-4W-23adc01 04-28-66 20 - Quaternary 3N-2W-17acb01 11-04-65 30 ~ Quaternary Dune 37-089-3 IcccOl 08-04-91 <10 <1 8 140 <1.0 White River 28-094- llaacOl 07-22-91 10 12 83 20 2.0 LAT-LONG 07-21-91 ~ 4243441075923 Tepee Trail 7N-5W-lldbb01 10-19-89 <1 -- 10 ~ 7N-5W-13bac01 09-05-89 <1 -- 10 ~ 7N-5W-13bdb01 10-19-89 6 - 20 -- Wagon Bed 31-096-25baa01 06-12-91 - 32-095-34cad01 06-12-91 ~ Bridger 28-094- 17abd01 07-22-91 40 5 24 40 1.0 Crooks Gap 27-09 l-05ddc01 08-23-91 10 <1 14 <10 <1.0 Laney Member of 27-101-35dca01 11-17-76 50 - Battle Spring 27-093-14cad01 07-24-91 80 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY collected from selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming Ground-Water Data. Analytical results in micrograms per liter; -no data; <, less than] Chromium, Copper, Iron, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Selenium, Silver, Zinc, dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (Cr) (Cu) (Fe) (Pb)_____(Mn)_____(Hg)_____(Se) (Ag) (Zn) and Colluvium <3 <1 12 20 300 71 1.0 11 10 10 <1 56 <3 Terrace Deposits Glacial Deposits Sand and Loess <1 <1 10 <1 8 <3 Formation <1 <1 17 <1 2 5 Formation 10 4 16 Formation <4 Formation 2 <1 36 2 <3 Formation 20 2 7 the Green River Formation 100 20 Formation 480 39 WATER QUALITY 81 Table 12. Concentrations of selected trace elements of water Aluminum, Arsenic, Barium, Boron, Cadmium, Date dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved Local number sampled (Al) (As) (Ba) (Ba) (Cd) Wind River lN-lE-03bbb01 08-31-66 190 !N-3E-16cca01 10-19-48 120 !N-4E-12ccc01 10-21-48 300 !S-2E-14aaa01 06-26-90 160 !S-4E-09cdb01 07-24-90 160 lS-5E-llacc01 11-05-65 330 2N-lE-36bda01 09-01-89 <1 - 380 2N-2E-32ccc01 09-01-89 <1 - 40 33-090-22dd01 02-08-51 2,600 ~ 33-090-28abb01 08-21-91 ~ 33-096- 16add01 06-25-91 10 <1 8 420 2.0 33-096-33dbc01 06-25-91 .. - 34-092-04ddd01 07-20-91 34-094-12bca01 06-27-65 180 36-093- 18ad01 08-27-65 220 __ 36-094-36dcc01 08-27-65 90 ~ 37-089- 18ada01 08-18-91 .. - 37-094- IScdbOl 08-22-91 ~ 38-093-28bbc01 08-05-91 3N-lE-09cda01 11-01-66 160 - 3N-2E-02cdc01 08-19-91 <10 <1 16 220 1.0 3N-2W-01add02 08-04-89 -29 160 <1.0 3N-3E-26aba02 10-19-48 120 3N-4E-29dcc02 08-19-91 3N-5E-33dcc01 10-16-48 340 - 41-107-12ab03 09-27-65 80 42-107-23cac01 09-21-65 70 4N-lE-llbbd01 11-02-66 70 -- 4N-lE-18dbc01 11-02-66 50 4N-lW-04cbb01 10-31-66 90 4N-lW-25daa01 12-19-66 30 ~ 4N-4E-13dbd01 08-19-91 .. ~ 4N-4E-19cdd01 08-19-91 5N-4E-21ccd01 10-26-66 190 5N-5E-33aba01 10-26-66 230 _ 6N-3W-33ccd01 10-31-66 170 7N-lE-19cca01 04-28-65 30 Fort Union !S-2E-09bbb01 11-06-65 180 ~ 34-093- 19ddc02 06-26-91 .. -- 82 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY samples collected from selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Chromium, Copper, Iron, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Selenium, Silver, Zinc, dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (Cr) (Cu) (Fe) (Pb) (Mn)_____(Hg)_____(Se) (Ag) (Zn) Formation 250 100 47 4 50 58 160 120 14 54 <1 200 <1 13 <3 19 33 65 80 0.2 10 20 7 2 15 73 Formation <1 WATER QUALITY 83 Table 12. Concentrations of selected trace elements of water Aluminum, Arsenic, Barium, Boron, Cadmium, Date dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved Local number sampled (Al) (As) (Ba) (Ba) (Cd) Mesaverde 34-092-22bdc01 07-21-91 _ Cody 32-096-32acd01 06-13-91 - 33-098-06ccd01 06-11-91 ~ 34-091-13bbc01 08-22-91 .. - Frontier !N-lE-33bbb01 07-02-68 2,900 ~ IS-lW-OSccbOl 07-02-68 70 - !S-lW-15cca01 06-26-90 950 ~ 33-095-27bcd01 06-24-91 .. - 33-099-35cac01 06-10-91 .. - 4N-4W-14ccb01 11-04-65 2,000 - Mowry 33-094-27adb01 06-25-91 - Morrison 32-099-34abc01 10-14-65 790 - 33-099-23dc01 10-13-65 860 ~ Gysum Spring 6N-2W-22cbb01 09-04-89 <1 - 590 ~ Chugwater 33-094-26ddb01 06-25-91 .. ~ 4N-5W-14dcd01 06-29-90 <1 - 310 - Phosphoria 2S-lW-20bdb01 08-01-89 <1 -- 20 -- 5N-6W-14dad01 09-30-64 480 ~ 5N-6W-35ada01 10-01-65 60 - Tensleep !S-lW-02aad01 07-02-68 150 - 09-03-89 26 48 150 <1.0 10-16-89 22 49 140 1.0 Madison 2S-2E-19ccc01 08-02-90 10 - 40-106-22aca01 05-20-92 <10 <1 62 20 <1.0 4N-6W-01aca01 06-29-90 1 - 20 - Bighorn 3N-5W-10bcb01 06-28-90 <1 -- <10 - 7N-4W-30ccb01 09-05-89 <1 -- 20 - Cambrian 40-091-1 9ddb01 06-03-92 10 <1 28 20 <1.0 Flathead 4N-6W-35cbd01 06-28-90 <1 -- <10 - Precambrian 28-097- ISaddOl 06-21-90 51 <1.0 31-093-09adc01 07-21-91 20 3 17 20 <1.0 31-093-24ccd01 07-22-91 <10 2 21 10 1.0 7N-4W-30aac01 09-05-89 <1 - <10 - 84 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY samples collected from selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Chromium, Copper, Iron, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Selenium, Silver, Zinc, dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (Cr) (Cu) (Fe) (Pb) (Mn)_____(Hg)_____(Se) (Ag) (Zn) Formation Shale 90 Formation 80 290 Shale Formation Formation 11 Formation -. 53 - 20 -- .- 12 -- 15 1 Formation and related rocks 10 <1 1 3 .. __ -» .. Sandstone <1 1 4 <1 8 <0.1 <1 <1.0 31 <1 1 33 <1 8 <.l <1 <1.0 9 Limestone - 12 - 81 <1 <1 <1 <3 <1 <1 <1 <1.0 12 .. 3 -- <1 I Dolomite .. 7 -- <1 WATER QUALITY 85 Table 13. Concentrations of selected radiochemical species in water samples from selected streamflow sites, wells, and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming [Local number: See text describing well-numbering system in the section titled Ground-Water Data, ft, feet below land surface; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; ug/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, no data] Station name (site number) Radium-226, (pi. 3) dissolved, planchet Uranium, natural, or count, plus or minus dissolved, plus or Local number two standard minus two standard (well depth, ft) Date deviations deviations (pl-2) sampled (pCi/L) (ug/L) Streamflow sites Rock Creek at mouth, near South Pass City (585) 09-18-91 0.1 +/- 0.100 2.1+/-0.3 Sweetwater River above Harris Slough, near 09- 18-91 <0. 1 0.80 +/- 0.1 South Pass City (587) Sweetwater River at Wilson Bar, near South Pass 09- 1 9-91 <0. 1 0.90 +/- 0.1 City (589) Sweetwater River at Mclntosh Ranch .nearJef- 09-22-91 <0.1 3.5 +/- 0.5 frey City (604) Sweetwater River below Jeffrey City (607) 09-22-91 0.1 +/- 0.100 7.0+/-1.1 Quaternary Alluvium and Colluvium 4N-4W-26bcb01 (9) 08-02-89 <8.9 White River Formation 32-090- llaaaOl (Spring) 10-03-63 0.4+/-0.1 14 +/- 1 Wagon Bed Formation 40-092-3 IbabOl (400) 06-03-92 0.4+/-0.215 1.3+/-0.2 Crooks Gap Conglomerate 27-091-05ddc01 (Spring) 08-23-91 0.7 +/- 0.300 <0.40 Wind River Formation 33-090-28aa01 (84) 01-14-64 23 +/- 5 13 +/- 1 33-090-28abb01 (Spring) 08-21-91 1.2 +/- 0.400 76+/-11 33-090-28cc01 (105) 11-19-62 11+/-2 2.0 +/- 0.4 33-090-28db01 (265) 01-15-64 11+/-2 7 +/- 0.7 33-090-32aa01 (338) 01-15-64 5.1 +/- 1.0 <0.4 33-090-32aa02 (207) 11-19-62 6.2+/-1.2 <0.4 37-09 l-23ac01 (265) 10-18-60 0.3+/-0.1 <0.1 Cloverly Formation 33-090-23bc01 (1,050) 01-15-64 1.8+/-0.4 0.8 +/- 0.4 33-090-28bc01 (1,050) 09-19-61 2.1+/-0.4 0.2+/-0.1 Phosphoria Formation and related rocks 42-107-32dbd01 (80) 05-22-92 2.6 +/- 0.697 <0.40 Tensleep Sandstone !S-lW-02aad01 (Spring) 10-16-89 <0.40 33-089-18cdc01 (1,670) 07-16-64 69+/-14 <0.4 Cambrian rocks 40-091-19ddb01 (Spring) 06-03-92 0.4+/-0.217 1.1+/-0.2 86 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Five water samples were collected for chemical analysis from wells completed in and a spring issuing from the Cloverly Formation two as part of this study, and three between 1961 and 1964 as part of previous investigations. These samples are from sites in the south-central and east-central parts of the county (fig. 16). Dissolved-solids concentrations in the water at these sites ranged from 397 to 1,500 mg/L (table 11). The modified Stiff diagram (fig. 12) shows that the water was a sodium sulfate type. Two wells had water samples analyzed for radium-226 and uranium data (table 13). Five water samples were collected for chemical analysis from wells completed in and springs issuing from the Chugwater Formation four as part of this study, and one in 1965 as part of a previous investigation. These samples are from sites in the central and northeast parts of the county (fig. 16). Dissolved-solids concentrations in the water at these sites ranged from 403 to 1,040 mg/L (table 11). The modified Stiff diagram (fig. 12) shows that the water was a calcium sulfate type. Water samples from two springs were analyzed for specific trace elements; those concentrations are reported in table 12. Two sites were sampled 11 times between June 1990 and November 1991 for pesticides (table 14). All samples had detectable concentrations of picloram. Additionally, two samples had detectable levels of 2,4-D, three samples had detectable levels of dicamba and one had a detectable level of 2,4-DP. Paleozoic Rocks Thirty-eight water samples were collected for chemical analysis, and three samples were collected only for field analysis from wells completed in and springs issuing from Paleozoic rocks. These samples consist of 10 from the Phosphoria Formation and related rocks, 11 from the Tensleep Sandstone, 11 from the Madison Limestone, 2 from the Bighorn Dolomite, 1 from Cambrian rocks, and 3 from the Flathead Sandstone. The chemical characteristics of the water samples from the Phosphoria Formation and related rocks, Tensleep Sandstone, and the Madison Limestone, are discussed in the following section. Ten water samples were collected for chemical analysis from wells completed in and springs issuing from the Phosphoria Formation and related rocks five as part of this study, and five between 1964 and 1989 as part of other investigations. These samples are from sites in the western and central parts of the county (fig. 17). Dissolved-solids concentrations in the water at these sites ranged from 215 to 3,690 mg/L (table 11). Modified Stiff diagrams (fig. 12) show that the water was two types sodium sulfate and calcium-magnesium carbonate. On the basis of the 10 water samples collected, a sodium sulfate type of water was present in the deeper wells (greater than 80 feet), and a calcium-magnesium carbonate type of water was present in the shallow wells (less than or equal to 80 feet) and springs. Water from two wells and one spring was analyzed for specific trace elements; those concentrations are reported in table 12. One water sample was analyzed for radium-226 and uranium (table 13). Eleven water samples from eight sites were collected for chemical analysis from wells completed in and springs issuing from the Tensleep Sandstone three as part of this study, and eight between 1956 and 1989 as part of other investigations. These samples are from sites in the western and south-central parts of the county (fig. 17). Dissolved-solids concentrations in the water at these sites ranged from 196 to 1,410 mg/L (table 11). The modified Stiff diagram (fig. 12) shows that the water was a calcium-magnesium carbonate type. Three water samples from one spring were analyzed for specific trace elements (table 12). Two water samples were analyzed for radium-226 and uranium (table 13). Eleven water samples from 10 sites were collected for chemical analysis from wells completed in and springs issuing from the Madison Limestone six as part of this study, and five between 1965 and 1990 as part of other investigations. These samples are from sites in the western and northwestern parts of the county (fig. 17). Dissolved-solids concentrations of the water at these sites ranged from 188 to 920 mg/L (table 11). The modified Stiff diagram (fig. 12) shows that the water was a calcium-magnesium carbonate type. Water samples from one well and two springs were analyzed for specific trace elements and those concentrations are reported in table 12. WATER QUALITY 87 Table 14. Concentrations of selected pesticides in water [Local number: see text describing well-numbering system in the section. Local number Methyl (pl-2) Date Ethion Malathion Parathion Diazinon parathion Primary geologic !N-4E-llccd01 08-19-87 .. 08-11-91 .. 33-1 00-2 IcaaOl 06-19-90 .. 33-100-22bbc01 05-31-90 .. 06-19-90 .. 07-24-90 .. 08-29-90 .. 09-20-90 .. 11-26-90 .. 02-25-91 .. 05-29-91 .. 07-02-91 .. 08-02-91 .. 09-11-91 .. 11-26-91 33-100-22dcc01 05-31-90 .. 33-100-23cda01 06-28-90 .. 08-29-90 .. 09-20-90 11-26-90 .. 02-25-91 .. 05-29-91 _. 07-02-91 .. 08-02-91 .. 09-11-91 .. 11-26-91 .. Quaternary Alluvium 4N-4W-26bcb01 08-02-89 .. Quaternary 33-099-08acc01 08-23-91 .. 4N-4W-09cad01 08-03-89 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 4N-4W-23bab01 08-03-89 <.01 <.01 <.01 <01 <.01 Wind River !N-4E-14dcb01 08-19-87 08-10-91 .. 2N-2E-32ccc01 09-01-89 .. 2N-6E-19bab01 08-20-91 .. 2N-4E-01cbc02 08-22-91 .. 2N-5E-04bbb01 08-19-87 - 2N-5E-04bbb02 08-10-91 .. 3N-4E-29dcc02 08-19-91 .. 3N-2E-02cdc01 08-19-91 .. 4N-4W-22adb01 08-02-89 88 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY samples from selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming titled Ground-Water Data. Analytical results in micrograms per liter; --, no data; <, less than] Methyl Picloram 2,4-D 2,4,5-T Silvex Trithion trithion Dicamba 2,4-DP unit unknown <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 -- -- <0.01 <0.01 <.01 <.01 -- -- <.01 <.01 2.0 <.01 <.01 <.01 ~ ~ <.01 <.01 .41 <.01 .80 <.01 <.01 <.01 -- ~ <.01 <.01 1.9 <.01 <.01 <.01 -- <.01 <.01 .28 .05 <.01 <.01 <.01 <.01 .76 <.01 <.01 <.01 -- -- <.01 <.01 2.3 <.01 <.01 <.01 -- -- <.01 <.01 4.2 <.01 <.01 <.01 -- <.01 <.01 1.1 <.01 <.01 <.01 <.01 <.01 1.3 <.01 .06 <.01 .02 .16 .21 .17 .24 .20 .02 .01 .47 .96 .01 .60 .26 .01 .07 and Colluvium Terrace Deposits Formation 3.8 3.9 .04 WATER QUALITY 89 Table 14. Concentrations of selected pesticides in water Local number Methyl (pl-2) Date Ethion Malathion Parathion Diazinon parathion Frontier 33-100-1 laccOl 08-11-91 Chugwater 33-100-21adb01 06-28-90 - 07-24-90 .. 08-29-90 .. 09-20-90 .. 11-26-90 .. 02-25-91 .. 05-29-91 .. 07-02-91 08-02-91 .. 09-11-91 11-26-91 33-100-28abb01 06-19-90 07-24-90 .. 08-29-90 .. 09-20-90 .. 11-26-90 02-25-91 .. 05-29-91 _. 07-02-91 .. 08-02-91 .. 09-11-91 .. 11-26-91 .. 90 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY samples from selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Methyl Picloram 2,4-D 2,4,5-T Silvex Trithion trithion Dicamba 2,4-DP Formation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 -- - <0.01 <0.01 Formation .11 <01 .25 <.01 <.01 <.01 <.01 <.01 .12 .01 <.01 <.01 -- -- <.01 <.01 .09 <.01 <.01 <.01 <.01 <.01 .32 <.01 .15 <.01 <.01 <.01 <.01 <.01 .14 <.01 <.01 <.01 <.01 <.01 .29 <.01 <.01 <.01 - - .36 <-01 .24 <.01 .36 <.01 <.01 <.01 -- -- .02 <.01 .22 <.01 <.01 <.01 -- <.01 <.01 1.4 <.01 2.7 <.01 2.1 .01 <.01 <.01 -- <.01 .05 1.3 <.01 <.01 <.01 -- -- <.01 <.01 1.8 <.01 <.01 <.01 -- -- <.01 <.01 .60 <.01 <.01 <.01 <.01 <-01 1.3 <.01 3.5 <.01 <.01 <.01 -- .01 <.01 6.2 <.01 2.9 <.01 .80 <.01 <.01 <.01 -- <.01 <.01 WATER QUALITY 91 8 EXPLANATION SOURCE OF WATER FOR WELL OR SPRING m 3D o Miocene rocks 3D m n White River Formation i3D A Wagon Bed Formation O m (2) Number in parentheses indicates number of wells or springs at that site 3 43°15' m O R. 110 W. 109 108TTo?" o O Base from U.S. Geological Survey \ 1:500,000 Wyoming State base map, \ 1980 A »,* »V- W IW11L. i /, JJATDNAL A* 1 fgW 10 20 30 MILES T. 27 N. 10 20 30 KILOMETERS R. 102 W. 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 Figure 14. Location of water-quality sampling sites in Fremont County, Wyoming, for selected wells completed in and springs issuing from Miocene rocks, White Rhliver Formation, and Wagon Bed Formation. k109°30' EXPLANATION SOURCE OF WATER FOR WELL OR SPRING o Wind River Formation (2) Number in parentheses indicates number of wells or springs at that site Jt-7 ~1~- 42 N- R. 110 W. 109 108 Base from U.S. Geological Survey RIVERTON RECLAMATION 1:500,000 Wyoming State base map, Y WITHDRAWA^AREA 1980 C I 3 MOUNTAIN o l-^, JT.27N. 10 20 30 KILOMETERS R. 102 W. 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 R. 90 W. Figure 15. Location of water-quality sampling sites in Fremont County, Wyoming, for wells completed in and springs issuing from the Wind River Formation. v!09°30' 109°15' EXPLANATION SOURCE OF WATER FOR WELL OR SPRING o Cody Shale Im 3) Frontier Formation 3) m § A Cloverly Formation v Chugwater Formation m w (2) Number in parentheses indicates number O of wells or springs at that site 3J 43°15' T. 41 N. m laofc .^...i.- R. 110 W. 109 O 40 8 39 Base from U.S. Geological Survey RIVERTON RECLAMATION 1:500,000 Wyoming State base map, WITHDRAWAL AREA 1980 r***, JT.27N. 10 20 30 KILOMETERS R. 102 W. 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 R. 90 W. Figure 16. Location of water-quality sampling sites in Fremont County, Wyoming, for selected wells completed in and springs issuing from the Cody Shale and the Frontier, Cloverly, and Chugwater Formations. Base from U.S. Geological Survey \ 1:500,000 Wyoming State base map, 1980 EXPLANATION SOURCE OF WATER FOR WELL OR SPRING o Phosphoria Formation and related rocks n Tensleep Formation A Madison Limestone v Precambrian rocks 0 Phosphoria Formation and related rocks, Tensleep Formation, or Madison Limestone (2) Number in parentheses indicates number of wells or springs at that site i30 O 10 20 30 MILES T. 27 N. 10 20 30 KILOMETERS R. 102 W. 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 Figure 17. Location of water-quality sampling sites in Fremont County, Wyoming, for selected wells completed in and springs issuing from the Phosphoria Formation and related rocks, Tensleep Sandstone, Madison Limestone, and Precambrian rocks. Precambrian Rocks Ten water samples were collected for chemical analysis, and eight water samples were collected only for field analysis from springs issuing from Precambrian rocks. The chemical characteristics of the water samples from Precambrian rocks are discussed next. Ten water samples were collected for chemical analysis from springs issuing from Precambrian rocks nine as part of this study, and one in 1989 as part of another investigation (fig. 17). Dissolved-solids concentrations of water samples from these springs ranged from 81 to 714 mg/L (table 11). The water samples from springs issuing from Precambrian rocks had the lowest average concentration of dissolved solids of any other water-bearing unit for which five or more samples were collected. The modified Stiff diagram (fig. 12) shows that the water was a calcium carbonate type. Four water samples from springs were analyzed for specific trace elements and those concentrations are reported in table 12. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Surface-water, ground-water, and water-quality data were compiled to describe and evaluate the water resources of Fremont County, Wyoming. Streams in the county are ephemeral, intermittent, and perennial. Ephemeral and intermittent streams, which originate in the Plains Region of the county, are characterized by extended periods of no flow. Perennial streams, which originate in the Mountainous Regions, have sustained streamflow as a result of precipitation, low evapotranspiration, ground-water storage, and water stored as glaciers. The average annual runoff varied for two of three regions that occur in the county. In the Mountainous Region, average annual runoff ranged from 0.90 to 22 in/yr, whereas in the Plains Region, the average annual runoff ranged from 0.06 to 0.72 in/yr. Available streamflow data are insufficient for computing average annual runoff in the High Desert Region. Geologic units were grouped mainly by age. Groupings include geologic units in Quaternary deposits and Tertiary, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, and Precambrian rocks. The Wind River Formation of Tertiary age is the geologic unit with the most well development in Fremont County. Records of 157 inventoried wells that were completed in the Wind River Formation were included in this report. The Wind River Formation is the most areally extensive water-bearing unit that occurs at the surface. The second most commonly developed geologic unit is the Quaternary alluvium and colluvium (49 wells); however, its surficial extent is limited to the area along major streams and tributaries in the county. Wells and springs that were inventoried during this study that had large measured discharges (more than 300 gal/min) were completed in and issued from the Arikaree Formation of Tertiary age, the Phosphoria Formation and related rocks of Permian age, the Tensleep Sandstone of Permian and Pennsylvanian age, the Madison Limestone of Mississippian age, and the Bighorn Dolomite of Ordovician age. Geologic units in Fremont County are recharged by one or a combination of the following sources: (1) precipitation that infiltrates the geologic unit in its outcrop area, (2) infiltration of surface water, (3) infiltration of irrigation water, and (4) leakage from another geologic unit, either above or below. Ground-water movement is controlled by the location of recharge and discharge areas and by the thickness and permeability of the geologic unit. Water-level contour maps of the Arikaree aquifer in the Sweetwater Basin show that the general direction of ground-water movement is toward the Sweetwater River. The general direction of ground-water movement in various water-bearing units in the Wind River Basin is toward the Wind River. Ground water is discharged through pumped wells and is naturally discharged by springs and seeps, by evapotranspiration, and by discharge to streams, lakes, drains, and other geologic units. 96 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Prior to 1981, all of Riverton's municipal water supply was from ground water. Water levels monitored in a well affected by pumping from the well field typically were deepest in August when demand for water was greatest. Since 1981, ground water is pumped only to supplement the surface-water treatment plant. Seasonal water levels changed as a result of the plant. Consequently, the water levels now are deepest in the winter and spring (January through May). Water levels in the Wind River Formation near the Riverton municipal well field also appeared to recover in 1983-85 after the plant began operating in 1981. Water levels in selected wells in Fremont County have been measured as part of a cooperative program between the U.S. Geological Survey and other local, State, and Federal agencies since about 1940. Twelve wells have been monitored either intermittently or continuously from 1948 to the present (1994). These wells were completed in either Quaternary alluvium and colluvium, the Arikaree Formation, or the Wind River Formation. Wells completed in the Quaternary alluvium and colluvium and in the Wind River Formation are located within the Wind River Indian Reservation near Lander and Riverton. Water levels measured from 1966 to 1987 in well !N-4E-33ddb01, which is completed in a confined layer of the Wind River Formation and is located within the radius of influence of the Riverton municipal well field, show periods, over the long term, of recovery and decline. Surface water supplies about 99 percent of the total offstream use in Fremont County (592 Mgal/d in 1990). Irrigation is the largest offstream use of surface water. Only 1 percent of the total offstream use in the county is supplied by ground water. The largest use of ground water is for public supply. Hydroelectric power generation is the only user of instream water in the county. The estimated water use for hydroelectric power generation in 1990 was 672 Mgal/d. Twenty-five water-quality samples were collected from the Sweetwater River and its tributaries during an 8-day period of September 16-23, 1991. The sample from the site closest to the headwaters had a dissolved-solids concentration of 42 mg/L. The sample from the site farthest downstream, near the county border, had the largest dissolved-solids concentration, 271 mg/L. Dissolved-solids concentrations varied greatly for water samples collected from the 34 geologic units inventoried. Dissolved-solids concentrations in all water samples from the Cody Shale of Cretaceous age were 2 to 14 times greater than the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level of 500 mg/L set by the EPA. All water samples collected from Miocene rocks and the White River Formation of Oligocene age had dissolved-solids concentrations less than the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 97 REFERENCES Ballance, W.C., and Freudenthal, P.B., 1975, Ground-water levels in Wyoming, 1974: U.S. Geological Survey Open- File Report, 186 p. __ 1976, Ground-water levels in Wyoming, 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-598, 170 p. ___1977, Ground-water levels in Wyoming, 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-686, 187 p. Borchert, W.B., 1977, Preliminary digital model of the Arikaree aquifer in the Sweetwater River Basin, central Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 77-107, 19 p. ___ 1987, Water-table contours and depth to water in the southeastern part of the Sweetwater River Basin, central Wyoming, 1982: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4205, 1 sheet. Butler, D. L., 1987, Pesticide data for selected Wyoming streams, 1976-78: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4127,41 p. Colby, B.R., Hembree, C.H., and Rainwater, F.H., 1956, Sedimentation and chemical quality of surface waters in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1373, 336 p. Colorado Energy Research Institute, 1981, Water and energy in Colorado's Future~The impacts of energy development on water use in 1985 and 2000: Boulder, Colorado, Westview Press, Iv. Dobler, Lavinia, 1984,1 Didn't Know That About Wyoming!: Selah, Washington, Misty Mountain Press, 133 p. Druse, S.A., Glass, W.R., Ritz, G.F., and Smalley, M.L., 1994, Water resources data, Wyoming, water year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report WY-93-1,459 p. Freeze, R.A., and Cherry, J,A., 1979, Groundwater: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 604 p. Geological Survey of Wyoming, 1990, Wyoming Geo-Notes, Geological Survey of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, Nos. 25, 26, 27, and 28. Hem, J.D., 1985, Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2254, 263 p. Hill, Chris, Sutherland, Wayne, and Tierney, Lee, 1976, Caves of Wyoming: Laramie, The Geological Survey of Wyoming Bulletin 59, 230 p., 4 map sheets. Keefer, W.R., 1957, Geology of the Du Noir area, Fremont County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper294-E,221p. ___ 1965a, Stratigraphy and geologic history of the uppermost Cretaceous, Paleocene, and lower Eocene rocks in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 495-A, 77 p. ___ 1965b, Geologic history of Wind River Basin, Central Wyoming: Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 49, no. 11, p. 1878-1892. ___ 1970, Structural geology of the Wind River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Professional Paper 495-D, 35 p. Kennedy, H.I., and Green, S.L., 1988, Ground-water levels in Wyoming, 1978 through September 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-187, 132 p. ___ 1990, Ground-water levels in Wyoming, 1980 through September 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-106, 132 p. __ 1992, Ground-water levels in Wyoming, 1982 through September 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-111, 124 p. Kennedy, H.I., and Oberender, C.B., 1987, Ground-water levels in Wyoming, 1976-1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-456, 122 p. Lageson, David, and Spearing, Darwin, 1988, Roadside geology of Wyoming: Missoula, Montana, Mountain Press Publishing Company, 271 p. 98 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Love, J.D., and Christiansen, A.C., 1985, Geologic map of Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000, 3 sheets. Love, J.D., Christiansen, A.C., and Ver Ploeg, A.J., 1992, Second draft of a stratigraphic chart showing phanerozoic nomenclature for the state of Wyoming: Laramie, Wyoming, Geological Survey of Wyoming Open-File Report 92-2,1 plate. Lowham, H.W., 1985, Surface-water quantity, in Lowham, H.W., and others, Hydrology of area 52, Rocky Mountain coal province, Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 83-761, p. 32-39. __ 1988, Streamflows in Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4045,78 p. Mariner, B.E., 1986, Wyoming climate atlas: Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 432 p. McGreevy, L.J., Warren, G.H., and Rucker S.J., IV, 1969, Ground-water resources of the Wind River Indian Reservation, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1576-1, 145 p. Morris, D.A., Hackett, O.M., Vanlier, K.E.,and Moulder E.A., 1959, Ground-water resources of Riverton Irrigation Project area, Wyoming, with a section on Chemical quality of ground water, by W.H. Durum: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1375, 205 p. Peterson, D.A., 1987a, Dissolved solids and ionic composition, in Peterson, D.A., and others, Hydrology of area 51, Northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountain coal provinces, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 84-734, p. 38-39. __ 1987b, Phosphorus, in Peterson, D.A., and others, Hydrology of area 51, Northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountain coal provinces, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 84-734, p. 40-41. __ 1988, Streamflow characteristics of the Missouri River Basin, Wyoming, through 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4018,431 p. Peterson, D.A., Harms, T.F., Ramirez, Jr., Pedro, Alien, G.T., and Christenson, A.H., 1991, Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Riverton Reclamation Project, Wyoming, 1988-89: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90- 4187, 84 p. Peterson, D.A., Mora, K.L., Lowry, M.E., Rankl, J.G., Wilson, Jr., J.F., Lowham, H.W., and Ringen, B.H., 1987, Hydrology of area 51, Northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountain coal provinces, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 84-734, 73 p. Popkin, B.P., 1973, Ground-water resources of Hall and eastern Briscoe counties, Texas: Texas Water Development Board Report 167, p. 85. Quan, Choon Kooi, 1988, Water use in the domestic nonfuel minerals industry: U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular IC9196, 62 p. Ragsdale, J.O., 1982, Ground-water levels in Wyoming, 1971 through part of 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-859, 200 p. Ragsdale, J.O., and Oberender, C.B., 1985, Ground-water levels in Wyoming, 1974 through 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-403, 194 p. Rankl, J.G., 1987, Average flow, in Peterson, D.A., and others, Hydrology of area 51, Northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountain coal provinces, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 84-734, p. 30-31. Richter, Jr., H.R., 1981, Volume IV-A, Occurrence and characteristics of ground water in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming: Wyoming Water Resources Research Institute, 149 p. Ringen, B.H., 1973, Records of ground-water levels in Wyoming, 1940-1971: Wyoming State Engineer's Office, Wyoming Water Planning Program Report No. 13,479 p. REFERENCES 99 __ 1974, Ground-water levels in Wyoming, 1972-73: Wyoming State Engineer's Office, Wyoming Water Planning Program Report No. 13, Supplement No. 1, 158 p. __ 1987, Suspended sediment, in Peterson, D.A., and others, Hydrology of area 51, Northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountain coal provinces, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 84-734, p. 42-43. Searcy, J.K., 1959, Flow-duration curves: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1542-A, 33 p. Smalley, M.L., Emmet, W.W., and Wacker, A.M., 1994, Annual replenishment of bed material by sediment transport in the Wind River near Riverton, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94- 4007, 23 p. Solley, W.B., Pierce, R.R., and Perlman, H.A., 1993, Estimated use of water in the United States in 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1081, 76 p. Stevens, M.D., 1978, Ground-water levels in Wyoming, 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-605, 203 p. Stoffer, Philip, 1984, Bibliography and index to the geology of the Wind River Basin and adjacent uplifts in the vicinity of Fremont County, Wyoming: Tulsa, Oklahoma, Amoco Research Center, 163 p. Urbanek, Mae, 1988, Wyoming place names: Missoula, Montana, Mountain Press Publishing Company, 233 p. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1988, IWR-MAIN WATER USE Forecasting System, June 1988. U.S. Department of the Interior, 1977, National handbook of recommended methods for water-data acquisition: p. 2-1 to 2-149. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 199la, Maximum contaminant levels (subpart B of part 141, National primary drinking-water regulations): U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Parts 100 to 149, revised as of July 1, 1991, p. 585-587. ___ 1991b, National revised primary drinking-water regulations: Maximum contaminant levels (subpart G of part 141, National primary drinking-water regulations): U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Parts 100 to 149, revised as of July 1, 1991, p. 672-673. ___ 1991c, Secondary maximum contaminant levels (section 143.3 of part 143, National secondary drinking-water regulations): U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Parts 100 to 149, revised as of July 1, 1991, p. 759. Van Houten, F.B., 1964, Tertiary geology of the Beaver Rim area, Fremont and Natrona Counties, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1164, 99 p. Whitcomb, H.A., and Lowry, M.E., 1968, Ground-water resources and geology of the Wind River Basin area, central Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-270, scale 1:250,000, 3 sheets. Wyoming Agricultural Statistics Service, 1990, Wyoming agricultural statistics 1990: Kathy Decker ed., 124 p. Wyoming Department of Administration and Fiscal Control, 1987, Wyoming data handbook: Division of Research and Statistics, 8th edition, Cheyenne, Wyo., 237 p. ___ 1991, Wyoming data handbook: Division of Research and Statistics, 10th edition, Cheyenne, Wyo., 308 p. Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, 1993, Quality standards for groundwaters of Wyoming: Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, Chapter VIII, 87 p. 100 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY GLOSSARY AQUIFER. A body of rock that contains sufficient saturated permeable material to yield significant quantities of water to wells and springs. ARTESIAN AQUIFER. Synonymous with confined aquifer. ARTESIAN WELL. A well deriving its water from an artesian or confined aquifer, in which the water level stands above the top of the aquifer. COMMERCIAL WATER USE. Water for motels, hotels, restaurants, office buildings, other commercial facilities, and institutions. The water may be obtained from a public supply or may be self-supplied. CONFINED AQUIFER. An aquifer bounded above and below by impermeable beds or by beds of distinctly lower permeability than that of the aquifer itself; an aquifer containing confined ground water. CONFINING BED. A body of impermeable or distinctly less permeable material stratigraphically adjacent to one or more aquifers. CONVEYANCE LOSS. Water that is lost in transit from a pipe, canal, conduit, or ditch by leakage or evaporation. Generally, the water is not available for further use; however, leakage from an irrigation ditch, for example, may percolate to a ground-water source and be available for further use. DOMESTIC WATER USE. Water for household purposes, such as drinking, food preparation, bathing, washing clothes and dishes, flushing toilets, and watering lawns and gardens. Also called residential water use. The water may be obtained from a public supply or may be self-supplied. EVAPOTRANSPIRATION. Water withdrawn by evaporation from water surfaces, moist soil, and by plant transpiration. GROUND WATER, CONFINED. Confined ground water is under pressure substantially greater than atmospheric throughout, and its upper limit is the bottom of a bed of distinctly lower permeability than that of the material in which the confined water occurs. GROUND WATER, UNCONFINED. Unconfmed ground water is water in an aquifer that has a water table. INDUSTRIAL WATER USE. Water used for industrial purposes such as fabrication, processing, washing, and cooling, and includes such industries as steel, chemical and allied products, paper and allied products, mining, and petroleum refining. The water may be obtained from a public supply or may be self-supplied. INSTREAM WATER USE. Water that is used, but not withdrawn from a ground-water or surface-water source for such purposes as hydroelectric power-generation, navigation, water-quality improvement, fish propagation, and recreation. Sometimes called nonwithdrawal use or in-channel use. IRRIGATION WATER USE. Artificial application of water on lands to assist in the growing of crops and pastures or to maintain vegetative growth in recreational lands, such as parks and golf courses. LIVESTOCK WATER USE. Water for livestock watering, feed lots, dairy operations, fish farming, and other on- farm needs. Livestock as used here includes cattle, sheep, goats, hogs, and poultry. Also included are animal specialties. MINING WATER USE. Water used for the extraction of minerals occurring naturally including solids, such as coal and ores; liquids, such as crude petroleum; and gases, such as natural gas. Also includes uses associated with quarrying, well operations (dewatering), milling (crushing, screening, washing, and flotation), and other preparations customarily done at the mine site or as part of a mining activity. Does not include water used in processing, such as smelting, refining petroleum, or slurry pipeline operations. These uses are included in industrial water use. OFFSTREAM WATER USE. Water withdrawn or diverted from a ground- or surface-water source for public-water supply, industry, irrigation, livestock, thermoelectric power generation, and other users. Sometimes called off- channel use or withdrawal use. pH. A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of water. It is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration. This parameter is dimensionless and generally has a range from 0 to 14, with a pH of 7 representing neutral water. A pH of greater than 7 indicates the water is alkaline, whereas a pH value of less than 7 indicates an acidic water. GLOSSARY 101 POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE. A surface that describes the static head, as related to aquifer, it is defined by the levels to which water will rise in tightly cased wells. A water table is a particular potentiometric surface. PUBLIC SUPPLY WATER USE. Water withdrawn by public and private water suppliers and delivered to users. Public suppliers provide water for a variety of uses, such as domestic, commercial, thermoelectric power, industrial, and public water use. SODIUM-ADSORPTION RATIO (SAR). A measure of irrigation-water sodium hazard. It is the ratio of sodium to calcium plus magnesium concentrations in milliequivalents per liter. The SAR value of water is considered along with specific conductance in determining suitability for irrigation. SPECIFIC CAPACITY. The rate of discharge of water from the well divided by the drawdown of the water level within the well. SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE. A measure of water's ability to conduct an electrical current. Specific conductance is expressed in microsiemens per centimeter (jiS/cm) at 25 degrees Celsius (25 °C). For water containing between 100 and 5,000 mg/L of dissolved solids, specific conductance in JiS/cm (at 25 °C) multiplied by a factor between 0.55 and 0.71 will approximate the dissolved-solids concentration in mg/L. For most water, reasonable estimates can be obtained multiplying by 0.64. SURFACE WATER. An open body of water, such as a stream or lake. UNCONFINED AQUIFER. An aquifer that has a water table. WATER TABLE. The water table is that surface in an unconfined water body at which the pressure is atmospheric. It is defined by the levels at which water stands in wells that penetrate the water body just far enough to hold standing water. In wells penetrating to greater depths, the water level will stand above or below the water table if an upward or downward component of ground-water flow exists. 102 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY SUPPLEMENTAL DATA Table 15. Lithologic and water-yielding characteristics of geologic units in Fremont County, Wyoming (Table modified from Richter, Jr., 1981, p. 47-53, Whitcomb and Lowry, 1968, sheet 3, Love and Christiansen, 1985, sheet 2, and Love, Christiansen, and Ver Ploeg, 1992) Im [ft, feet; ft/d, feet per day; gal/min, gallons per minute; small, less than 50 gal/min; moderate, 50-300 gal/min; large, more than 300 gal/min; --, no data; Ma, millions of years] 30 30 m W Range of O most c DO common O m Range of water W thickness yields O n Erathem System Series Geologic unit (ft) Lithology Water-yielding characteristics (gal/min) n 3D Cenozoic Quaternary Sequence in Alluvium !0-65+ "Unconsolidated clay, silt, sand, and gravel; "Yield small to large supplies of water m table does not and 30-100+ includes terrace, flood-plain, and pediment where the deposits are saturated; large O indicate age colluvium deposits along major streams."1 yields could be developed in some H relative to other areas..."1 O "Clay, silt, sand, and gravel in flood plains, O Quaternary fans, terraces, and slopes."2 "Highly permeable and productive water C entries bearing deposits. Possible yields from 1 to greater than 1,000 gal/min."3 Cenozoic Quaternary Sequence in Gravel, "Mostly locally derived clasts. Includes "...generally yield adequate quantities of table does not pediment, some glacial deposits along east flank of water for stock or domestic supplies, indicate age and fan Wind River Range. Locally includes some although yields fluctuate in response to relative to other deposits Tertiary gravels."2 Terrace deposits. irrigation, and some of the shallower wells Quaternary go dry or yield inadequate supplies during entries the winter."1 Cenozoic Quaternary Sequence in Glacial "Till and outwash of sand, gravel, and "...probably only potential source of more table does not deposits boulders."2 than small supplies."1 indicate age relative to other Quaternary entries Cenozoic Quaternary Sequence in Landslide "Locally includes intermixed landslide and Unknown. table does not deposits glacial deposits, talus, and rock-glacier indicate age deposits."'2 relative to other Quaternary entries Cenozoic Quaternary Sequence in Dune sand 0-40+/- "Unconsolidated fine to very fine sand; "Yields small supplies of water of suitable table does not and loess present in eastern part of project area."1 quality for stock or domestic use; it is an indicate age "Includes active and dormant dunes. In important source of water in areas relative to other northwestern Wyoming is chiefly loess (age underlain by the Cody Shale."1 Quaternary 12,000-19,000 years)."2 entries °5 +* co i- 0> -=>.£ « S3 E 55 "o E J'l 1 *! 1 1 ' ' c/f e "Q 0 =3 u ^M^l^ c (0 *£|£ Sl-tll-l (N Jf5 _o ."^ >T3 g "J 0 « & 2?^ C 004J 0) ^%*i% i .« s -° s -g s. S g 8§158 8,95't|lt8 ^ 5, 1 to i* 2 ^ §|g.a ! £?§!!<=§ 2:s CO a3^^°fc 'Mi^ga'E-S 0) ?> £ S § ° S S IS g a «« E s M SB y^ U ^S^lSS ^^^^^^^ 0) 8lsSa BHalso !!ic« O TJ 'S £§ 81 '« ^ IS rf° ff S-aS .2 gS 8 ^-^ g « SL u -| - ^ > s | s .a s B .> ?«g | «s a 81 s « S -S ^ c C olfli**. «3i§tg't ^^° (U BC G i I 1 1 8.§|3|S Slllslt "3 *j S^ $ ^u^s^s ^G-e?5^5§ 3i o* zIt c C 5c ^-^b'SS-^&^3oTa53 SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 105 8 Table 15. Lithologic and water-yielding characteristics of geologic units in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Range of most 1m 3) common Range of water m3) (0 thickness yields O Erathem System Series Geologic unit (ft) Lithology Water-yielding characteristics (gal/min) O Cenozoic Tertiary Miocene Upper "Central Wyoming-- Arkosic sandstone, Unknown. m (0 Miocene conglomerate, and siltstone; some light- 0 n rocks colored tuffaceous radioactive clay stone and n white cherty limestone. JO m North of Sweetwater River in Granite Mountains Light colored tuffaceous radioactive claystone, siltstone, sandstone, o and arkose. Moonstone Formation."2 O Cenozoic Tertiary Oligocene White River J0-650 "Bentonitic and tuffaceous muds tone; lenses "Yield small supplies to many stock and Formation 30-950 of arkose and conglomerate; beds of tuff domestic wells, large supplies could be (Van Houten, 1964, p. 13); present in the obtained where saturated thicknesses are southeastern part of project area."1 great or where the permeability has been "White to pale-pink blocky tuffaceous increased by fractures..."1 claystone and lenticular arkosic "Highly permeable and productive water conglomerate."2 bearing unit. Good intergranular "Calcareous, argillaceous, fine-grained permeability and porosity. Well yields sandstone with interbedded tuff and generally range between 1 to 300 gal/min, bentonite. Discontinuous, thin lenses of with maximum reported production arkose and very coarse, poorly sorted 850 gal/min. Saturated thickness ranges conglomerate. Unaltered vitric ash layers between 200 to 350 ft."3 common. Unit exposed only in southern part of basin."3 Cenozoic Tertiary Oligocene and Oligocene "Light-gray tuff, arkosic sandstone, and Unknown. (or) Eocene and (or) upper lenticular conglomerate."2 and middle Eocene rocks Cenozoic Tertiary Eocene Intrusive "Felsic and mafic igneous bodies; the larger Shallow permeability due to weathering or igneous rocks are mainly felsic." T fracture might yield water to wells and springs. Table 15. Lithologic and water-yielding characteristics of geologic units in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Range of most common Range of water thickness yields Erathem System Series Geologic unit (ft) Lithoiogy Water-yielding characteristics (gal/mi n) Cenozoic Tertiary Eocene Wiggins !0- 1,000+ "Tuffs interbedded with volcanic "Yield small supplies to many stock and ~~ Formation4 conglomerate; conglomerates consist chiefly domestic wells, large supplies could be of subrounded boulders of andesite and obtained where saturated thicknesses are basalt; present in the mountains in the great or where the permeability has been northwestern part of project area."1 increased by fractures..."1 "Light-gray volcanic conglomerate and white tuff, containing clasts of igneous rocks."2 Cenozoic Tertiary Eocene Two Ocean "Dark-colored andesitic volcaniclastic rocks Unknown, and Langford and flows underlain by light-colored Formations4 andesitic tuffs and flows."2 Cenozoic Tertiary Eocene Tepee Trail 1Q-515+/- "Interbedded sandstone, conglomerate and "Would probably yield at least small, and Formation4 30-2 000 tu^ (Keefer, 1957, p. 162); present in the possibly large, supplies from sandstone northwestern part of project area."1 and conglomerate beds..."1 "Green and olive-drab hard and generally "Yields minor amounts (less than well bedded andesitic conglomerate, 10 gal/min) of water to springs and sandstone, and claystone. shallow wells along outcrop. Confining layer."3 'Tuff and tuffaceous siltstone, fine-grained sandstone, and devitrified volcanics. Exposed only in northwest part of basin."3 Cenozoic Tertiary Eocene Aycross 30-1,000 "Clay, shale, sandstone, and conglomerate "Would probably yield at least small, and Formation4 (Keefer, 1957, p. 192); present in possibly large, supplies from sandstone northwestern part of project area."1 and conglomerate beds..."1 "Brightly variegated bentonitic claystone "Confining layer."3 and tuffaceous sandstone, grading laterally into greenish-gray sandstone and CO claystone."2 "Series of shale, clay, conglomerate, volcanics, and sandstone. Exposed only in northwest part of basin."3 Cenozoic Tertiary Eocene Ice Point "Reddish-brown conglomerate, chiefly of Unknown. Conglomerate Paleozoic rock fragments."2 8 Table 15. Lithologic and water-yielding characteristics of geologic units in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Range of most 1m common 33 3J Range of water 8 thickness yields O Erathem System Series Geologic unit (ft) Lithology Water-yielding characteristics (gal/min) O Cenozoic Tertiary Eocene Wagon Bed 1>30-700 "Bentonitic mudstone, locally tuffaceous, "Would probably yield at least small, and - m Formation zeolitic mudstone and sandstone in persistent possibly large, supplies from sandstone 0 beds; volcanic sandstone and conglomerate and conglomerate beds..."1 Tln (Van Houten, 1964, p. 13); present in the »Yidds water 1 Formation tuffaceous sandstone and claystone;* sy lenticular marlstone and conglomerate." Cenozoic Tertiary Eocene Crooks Gap "Giant boulders of granite in arkosic Unknown. - Conglomerate sandstone matrix." Cenozoic Tertiary Eocene Laney "Oil shale and marlstone."2 Unknown. Member5 Cenozoic Tertiary Eocene Tipton Shale "Oil shale and marlstone."2 Unknown. - Member or Tongue5 Cenozoic Tertiary Eocene Cathederal "Variegated claystone and lenticular Unknown. - Bluffs sandstone; conglomeratic near south margin Tongue6 of Wind River Range."2 Cenozoic Tertiary Eocene Main body of "Drab sandstone, drab to variegated Unknown. ~ Wasatch claystone and siltstone; locally derived Formation conglomerate around basin margins. Lower part is Paleocene."2 Table 15. Lithologic and water-yielding characteristics of geologic units in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Range of most common Range of water thickness yields Erathem System Series Geologic unit (ft) Lithology Water-yielding characteristics (gal/min) Cenozoic Tertiary Eocene Transitional "Contains interbedded lithologies of Battle Unknown. unit between Spring and Wasatch Formations."2 Battle Spring and Wasatch Formations Cenozoic Tertiary Eocene Battle Spring "Large boulders in a soft sandstone and shale "Known to yield only small supplies, Formation matrix; present in the south central part of however, large yields may be possible..."1 the area."1 "Equivalent to, and lithologically similar to locally derived basin-margin conglomerate of Wasatch Formation; merges southward into main body of Wasatch Formation.Lower part is Paleocene."2 Cenozoic Tertiary Eocene Middle and "Equivalent to Aycross and Wind River Unknown. lower Eocene Formations."2 rocks Cenozoic Tertiary Eocene Wind River "Interbedded siltstone, sandstone, and "Large supplies have been developed in Formation 3250-1,030 conglomerate containing some carbona the Riverton and Gas Hills areas and could ceous shale and thin coal seams; a coarse be developed elsewhere, especially along grained facies along the basin margin grades the margin of the basin. Yields small into fine-grained material toward the center supplies to many widely distributed stock of the basin; present throughout most of and domestic wells..."1*7 basin."1'7 "Variegated claystone and "Major aquifer. Yields water to wells and sandstone; lenticular conglomerate." springs throughout basin. Yields range "Variegated siltstone, shale, claystone, and between 1 to 3,000 gal/min. Locally argillaceous sandstone with interbedded contains artesian zones with sufficient fine-grained sandstone, arkose, and arkosic head to produce 200 gal/min. Principal n sandstone. Tuffaceous and bentonitic source of domestic and stock water on o mudstone lenses in upper 500 feet."3 Wind River Reservation. Principal source m of industrial water in southern part of m basin..."3 8 o Table 15. Lithologic and water-yielding characteristics of geologic units in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Range of most 1m 3D common Range of water m3D V) thickness yields O Erathem System Series Geologic unit (ft) Lithology Water-yielding characteristics (gal/min) O Cenozoic Tertiary Eocene Indian 30-725 "Red to variegated claystone, sandstone, and "Confining layer."3 m V) Meadows algal-ball(?) limestone; some beds of large -n0 Formation Paleozoic boulders and detachment masses n of Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks." m3D "Series of variegated claystone, argillaceous 0 sandstone, massive limestone, and poorly sorted conglomerate." Cenozoic Tertiary Paleocene Fort Union 1>30-8,000 "Conglomerate, sandstone, shale, and "Sandstones yield small supplies of water 8 Formation carbonaceous shale in lower part of that is generally unsuitable for domestic formation grading into very fine grained use and may be marginal for stock."1 elastics in upper part, present at depth "Conglomerate and sandstone zones yield throughout most of project area."1 water to wells. Highly productive and "Brown to gray sandstone, gray to black permeable where fractured. Water is semi- shale, and thin coal beds."2 confined to confined with sufficient head to "Conglomerate, sandstone, shale, siltstone, produce 10 gal/min... Basal part of unit is and carbonaceous shale in basal part of unit; considered a regional confining unit. grades upward to very fine-grained Upper part of unit contains complex series elastics."3 of permeable and confining layers."3 Cenozoic Tertiary and Paleocene and Pinyon "Brown gold-bearing quartzite conglomerate Unknown. and Cretaceous Upper Conglomerate interbedded with brown and gray Mesozoic Cretaceous sandstone."2 Cenozoic Tertiary and Paleocene and Sedimentary "Northern part of Wind River Basin. White- Unknown, and Cretaceous Upper rocks weathering oil-stained sandstone and brown Mesozoic Cretaceous carbonaceous shale."2 ^ ** O i« CO -^ Q) CO C Q) V C I ! ! 1 fillii QC u S (U *" 6 T3 C* " O O S 0 S o (0 1 §" u £ ^7 S P Wyoming-ContinueCounty,t dark-interbeddedwithlight-to shalethincoalbeds;andlaceous throughoutdepthmostpresentat andbuffdrabdedsandstoneto incoal;andpresenteasterntone withthinandclaystone,coalane, shale,anddysandstone;present poorlythinbeddedsandstone,> conglomerate;pebblegrades: shale,siltstone,:arbonaceous yellow,litesandstone,togray claystone,bentoniticlark-gray friablethinbedded,sandstone,> Gradesshale,interbeds.toite shalecontainingmanygrayne ofpredominatesbase:rialat 2lenses."thinconglomerate; ofandbentonitecoarse-nses Thincoallensesindstone. andsandyredsandstonegray siltstone,shale,carbonaceous, 3eastward."shaleidsandy ofprojectparteasternerne concretion-richlenticular fossils."iningmarine 1ofbasin."entralpart 2beds."thinindcoal Lithology 3unit."ofpart 1rea." 2»eds." c ** « w C j_, o 59 V *^ 3 c3 £3 c ^ " X "Graymai "Sandston shale,claj »"« <->a c0) 8 § " 1 1 1 1 O\ (U (U (U S 'Ss 0) (0 p"5 5*5 §.- ^U ^U 1 ^ W5 00 ^3 3 ^3 3 ^ E iQ § O O (C 0) E SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 111 M Table 15. Lithologic and water-yielding characteristics of geologic units in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Range of most m 3D common 3D Range of water m W thickness yields o Erathem c System Series Geologic unit (ft) Lithology Water-yielding characteristics (gal/min) 3D O Mesozoic Cretaceous Upper Mesaverde !0- 1,575 "Sandstone, shale, siltstone, carbonaceous "Sandstones yield small supplies of water - m W Cretaceous Formation 3550-2.000 shale, and coal; present in all but western- that are generally unsuitable for domestic on most part of basin."1 use and may be marginal for stock." n "Light-colored massive to thin-bedded "Permeable and productive water-bearing 3D rn sandstone, gray sandy shale, and coal unit. Regional aquifer. Well yield data not beds."2 O available; however, artesian flows reported "Upper: very fine to coarse grain, massive to in numerous petroleum tests in central O basin. Yields water to shallow stock wells O cross-bedded, friable sandstone. Few shale, c claystone, and carbonaceous shale interbeds. in eastern basin..."3 z Middle: interbedded carbonaceous shale, siltstone, and sandstone. Some lenticular coal beds up to 13 ft thick. Basal: very fine to medium grain, irregularly bedded to massive sandstone."3 Mesozoic Cretaceous Upper Cody Shale J 3,000-5,000 "Shale containing some sandstone beds in "Yields only meager supplies of poor Cretaceous 33,150-5,500 upper half; present at depth throughout most quality water."1 of project area."1 "Regional confining layer."3 "Dull-gray shale, gray siltstone, and fine grained gray sandstone."2 "Shale, fissile, calcareous and bentonitic. Grades upward to thin bedded, fine grain sandstone with interbedded calcareous shale."3 Mesozoic Cretaceous Upper Frontier ' 600- 1,034 "Sandstone interbedded with shale, present "Yields small quantities of generally poor Cretaceous 3470- 1,045 throughout most of project area."1 quality water although some supplies are "Gray sandstone and sandy shale."2 usable for domestic purposes." "Alternating sequence of sandstone and "Upper two-thirds of unit is regional shale. Sandstone: fine to medium grain, thin aquifer; lower one-third of unit is bedded to massive, locally glauconitic. confining layer. Water is under confined Shale: fissile, silty and sandy, locally conditions with sufficient head to produce carbonaceous."3 flows of 10 to 25 gal/min at selected petroleum tests. Yields 5 to 150 gal/min to shallow stock and domestic wells..."3 o ,- o - o> IT i i i IliifiiE 1**S i i i = S = - S -o Sa S I! Hi ! SSfSsa 5 il characteristics 11 IlH I lllsillll tl {ill , Hl!llIII!ll ! li Hit 1 I III !!tf I! i| O) .s IsS.ts Woisogsii-s -"§ -i-ail'Sl^aOo^T35oSi''9Fh'^ ^||a TJ a oh o^P^ 'S egPhiou^c.rs 1^ o> «s ^^ « § f « «a o §* 8, 2 « S ^ .s 1 .s s >. 1 IS 1-sS.s | l-s? S--S1I-8 &1SI ^ cS^ SsSI -a l£"5^§53i a§i a i 1 ^ K-: >>£ ^ ^^ S " ^ S.« 2 1 e o § ^^ 4i i 2 ^^": ^^ S ^'r .2 -OS §- S'C-g-| r -§3 ^^2 *}g> '5C3 U-aJ«'a3'5-S^ 3«^0«56pcs tn/S 'S'sti-oac^wE^gSC-«'SO^'«'^rt 0 oC2 * fglrSIss?5 ^g§s,^gals5JiH s 60 en f? -y ^ ^ |«a a 3 S . ^ ^- s, "« s* Wyoming-Continu; PI 111 J 111 Ht4l| I lift >> ?«l Hi ! till O) o 0 111 II & £ 3'KenO 2 ^& -C ^"S«--.-S3^c2^O,«-°|Sb2^CC^-g _l o T-I >§3 (U (o6p-a3'Oio . -a S . .a §0 1)2*5 « = 2T3en2 aS 3 I rts&OiC/OMXlS^i&OcUs > .S 0 S O 0 O, J X) 0 i uo^PQ^eQ^S it- CA o § o a goo oo H. ^o >n PC; R °>.SE e C- -H «n (N t^- >n S g » O\>n o(N Q0 2O oc£ § en -H (N m oo m m O O 1O) "" 'en "o ** 'E a) V) 3 S a J3 o C £ o CO &, >^ 0 .«) 'at ^ O rt -i3 o S oI 1 s*as &Io c I S HC^ u£ -C 1o £ en en en ._ % % % § 0) n) S SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 113 Table 15. Lithologic and water-yielding characteristics of geologic units in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Range of $ most common 3D3 3D Range of water m 0) thickness yields O Erathem (gal/min) c System Series Geologic unit (ft) Lithology Water-yielding characteristics 3D O Mesozoic Jurassic Upper Jurassic Morrison ~ "Dully vziriegated claystone, nodular Description included with Cloverly - m f\ 0) Formation limestone, and gray silty sandstone." Formation. O n Mesozoic Jurassic Upper and Sundance ]295-435 "Shale, siltstone, sandstone, and limestone; "Yield small to moderate supplies of water n Middle Jurassic Formation present throughout project area."1 suitable for domestic use near outcrops..."1 3D 3 150-570 m "Regional aquifer. Large intergranular O shale, underlain by red and gray permeability in sandstone and chert lenses. H nonglauconitic sandstone and shale."2 Yields water to shallow stock and O domestic wells along outcrops (1 to O "Upper: fine to coarse grain glauconitic sandstone with few thin shale and 25 gal/min). Water is under confined fossiliferous limestone interbeds. conditions. Selected petroleum tests yield flows of 25 to 50 gal/min..."3 Basal: siltstone and sandstone; grade downward to oolitic limestone, dolomite, and chert pebble conglomerate."3 Mesozoic Jurassic Middle Jurassic Gypsum 1'30-230 "Dolomite, limestone, gypsum, and "No water wells known to tap this Spring siltstone; present in the western two-thirds of formation, but it would probably yield Formation the basin."1 only poor quality water."1 "Interbedded red shale, dolomite, and "Regional confining layer."3 gypsum. In north Wyoming wedges out south in T. 39 N."2 "Upper: alternating sequence of siltstone, shale, limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. Basal: sandy siltstone and silty shale. Present only in western part of basin."3 Mesozoic Jurassic(?)- Nugget !0-425 "Fine- to medium-grained sandstone; present "Water-bearing potential not known, but Triassic(?) Sandstone 30-400 in all but extreme eastern part of basin."1 probably would yield small supplies, and "Gray to dull-red crossbedded quartz larger supplies might be developed in sandstone."2 some areas..."1 "Upper: sandstone, fine to medium grain, "Good intergranular permeability. calcite and silica cement, large scale cross Saturated conditions reported for beds. numerous petroleum tests throughout basin. Water is under confined conditions. Basal: calcareous siltstone and mudstone, Insufficient data exists to meaningfully thin limestone, and thin to massive, very-fine quantify yields and water qualities." grain sandstone."3 Table 15. Lithologic and water-yielding characteristics of geologic units in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Range of most common Range of water thickness yields Erathem System Series Geologic unit (ft) Lithology Water-yielding characteristics (gal/min) Mesozoic Triassic Upper and Chugwater 1 1,000- 1,300 "Siltstone, sandstone, and shale; Alcova "Yields small supplies of good quality Lower Triassic Formation Limestone Member of the Chugwater water in and near outcrops."1 Formation near middle of the formation. "Alcova Limestone: Confining layer."3 Present throughout the project area."1 "Red siltstone and shale. Alcova Limestone Member in upper middle part in north Wyoming. Thin gypsum partings near base in north and northeast Wyoming."2 "Alcova Limestone: 0 to 30 ft thick. Limestone, dense, finely-crystalline, laminated."3 Mesozoic Triassic Lower Triassic Dinwoody '10-155 "Fine-grained sandstone in western part of "Yields small supplies of good quality Formation 30-250 basin, grading eastward into the upper part water in and near outcrops."1 of the Goose Egg Formation."1 "Confining layer."3 "Olive-drab hard dolomitic thin-bedded siltstone."2 "Interbedded sandy dolomitic siltstone, calcareous sandstone, and thin dolomite and limestone."3 Paleozoic Triassic and Lower Triassic Goose Egg 0-300 "Shale and siltstone containing persistent "Probably would yield only small supplies Permian and Permian Formation limestone units in eastern part of basin."1 of mineralized water."1 "Red sandstone and siltstone, white gypsum, halite, and purple to white dolomite and limestone." 0) o o m m § 5) Table 15. Lithologic and water-yielding characteristics of geologic units in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Range of most m1 3) common 3) Range of water m thickness yields O Erathem System Series Geologic unit (ft) Lithology Water-yielding characteristics (gal/min) O Paleozoic Permian Phosphoria ^-300 "Park City Formation and equivalents "Complex series of permeable sandstones m Formation 3 150-350 interbedded dolomite, chert, limestone, and impermeable limestone, dolomite and O n and related siltstone, and sandstone, containing a few siltstone. Highly productive where n rocks phosphate beds or lenses and minor amounts fractured. Well yields range up to 3) m of shale."1 1,000 gal/min..."3 O "Brown sandstone and dolomite, cherty z phosphatic and glauconitic dolomite, O phosphatic sandstone and dolomite, and O greenish-gray to black shale."2 "Interbedded dense limestone, dolomite, nonresistant siltstone and fine grain sandstone. Grades eastward to dominantly limestone, dolomite, and calcareous shale."3 Paleozoic Permian and Lower Casper 1>11400-900 "Medium-grained well sorted sandstone, "Sandstone yields large supplies of water Pennsylvanian Permian and Formation containing some limestone in upper part; to several wells in the foothills of the Wind Upper and increased amounts of limestone, dolomite, River Mountains and in the Gas Hills area; Middle and shale occur in lower part."1 '11 rocks will yield large supplies where Pennsylvanian fracturing has increased the "Gray, tan, and red thick-bedded sandstone permeability..."1'11 underlain by interbedded sandstone and pink and gray limestone. 2 Paleozoic Permian and Lower Tensleep 3200-600 "White to gray sandstone containing thin "Uppermost unit of the Tensleep aquifer 50-200 Pennsylvanian Permian and Sandstone limestone and dolomite beds. Permian system. Good intergranular permeability, Upper and fossils have been found in the topmost beds excellent permeabilities where fractured. Middle of the Tensleep at some localities in Saturated throughout basin. Water is under Pennsylvanian Washakie Range and Owl Creek confined conditions with sufficient head to Mountains."2 produce flows of 1 to several hundred "Sandstone, resistant, massive to gal/min from selected wells..."3 crossbedded, fine grain, friable, with irregular chert layers and thin limestone and dolomite near base."3 o *- o - m£ a'g 3 9 § .S T1 JD tSD in 0 % MemberofAmsdenFormatiic Wellyieldsbetween11range Pin-rii potentialoflargearesources consideredconfininglayer,/a rensleepaquiferDan\system. ilitieswherefractured.iWater possibilitiesknown,-waternot wherefracturedcavernous.'or jointcontrolledspringsalonis lejointsalongandpartings beddingplanes.Excellent jointsalongandfractures.e li rensleepaquifersystem. 2 to 3undredgaymin." 0 113 w ^ «2fsfe^in-i 3Mountains."^er O) co * Illtflcx,'g±3 & X u 1c >! >> llglsljl ?S| Illsl? i ZM § S a 43-S « _u en ^ tr^ SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 117 w Table 15. Lithologic and water-yielding characteristics of geologic units in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Range of WATERR most common Range of water m W thickness yields O Erathem System Series Geologic unit (ft) Lithology Water-yielding characteristics (gal/min) 3) O Paleozoic Ordovician Upper and Bighorn 10-200 "Dolomite, thin bedded and platy in upper "Ground-water possibilities not known, % Middle Dolomite 30-300 part but mostly massive; forms cliff; present but rocks are potential sources of large 0 Ordovician in western half of basin."1 supplies where fractured or cavernous." "Gray massive cliff-forming siliceous "Basal part of Tensleep aquifer system. m dolomite and locally dolomitic limestone."2 Basal sandstones are permeable; also O Upper: Leigh Member of Bighorn Dolomite, permeable along joints and fractures. dolomite, dense and platey. Yields water to numerous springs along Wind River Mountains."3 8 Basal: Lander Sandstone Member of z Bighorn Dolomite, sandstone, fine to medium grain, lenticular; contains flat- pebble conglomerate comprised of fragments of Gallatin Limestone."3 Paleozoic Cambrian Upper Gallatin 1'J 2100-1,200 "Limestone and flat-pebble conglomerate in "Ground-water possibilities not known, Cambrian Limestone '0-450 upper beds; sandstone, shale, and quartzitic but rocks are potential sources of large sandstone in lower part; thins from east to supplies where fractured or cavernous."1 T 10 west across basin. ' "Confining layer. Permeable along joints "Blue-gray and yellow mottled hard dense and fractures. Yields small quantities (less limestone." than 5 gal/min) to springs along the Wind "Limestone, dense, thinly laminated to River Mountains."3 massive, glauconitic and oolitic, shale, silty shale, and thin sandstone interbeds."3 Paleozoic Cambrian Upper and Gros Ventre 30-750 "Soft green micaceous shale (Upper and "Ground-water possibilities not known, Middle Formation Middle Cambrian Park Shale Member), but rocks are potential sources of large Cambrian underlain by blue-gray and yellow mottled supplies where fractured or cavernous."1 hard dense limestone (Middle Cambrian "Confining layer."3 Death Canyon Limestone Member), and soft green micaceous shale (Middle Cambrian Wolsey Shale Member)."2 "Limestone, shale, and calcareous shale, flat- pebble conglomerate at base."3 Table 15. Lithologic and water-yielding characteristics of geologic units in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Range of most common Range of water thickness yields Erathem System Series Geologic unit (ft) Lithology Water-yielding characteristics (gal/min) Paleozoic Cambrian Middle Rathead 350-500 "Dull-red quartzitic sandstone."2 "Ground-water possibilities not known, Cambrian Sandstone "Sandstone, fine to medium grain, resistent; but rocks are potential sources of large grades downward to conglomerate and supplies where fractured or cavernous."1 arkose."3 "Major aquifer. Permeable along partings between bedding planes, faults, fractures and joints. Small interstitial permeabilities. Water is semi-confined to confined. Yields 1 to 25 gal/min to shallow stock and domestic wells... Excellent ground-water resource potential; however, relatively undeveloped because of availability of shallower ground-water sources."3 Precambrian Igneous and "Complex of igneous and metamorphic "Would yield small supplies from metamorphic rocks. Predominantly granite, granite weathered or fractured material..."1 rocks gneiss, schist, hornblende schist, aplite and "Permeable along joints, fractures and basic dikes."3 faults. Locally yields water to shallow wells along outcrops."3 ^hitcombe and Lowry, 1968. 2Love and Christiansen, 1985. 3Richter, Jr., 1981. 4Part of the Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup. 5Part of Green River Formation. 6Part of Wasatch Formation. 'includes Indian Meadows Formation. CO Includes Thermopolis Shale. ^ve, Christiansen, and Ver Ploeg, 1992 describe the strati graphic placement of the Muddy Sandstone (Member) and its mapability as a formation m 10Includes Morrison Formation. ''includes Tensleep Sandstone and Amsden Formation. g 12Includes Gros Ventre Formation and Flathead Sandstone. (0 Table 16. Records of selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming [Local number: See text describing well-numbering system in the section titled Ground-Water Data. Primary use of water: C, commercial; F, fire; H, domestic; I, irrigation; N, industrial; P, public supply; R, recreation; S, livestock; U, unused; Z, other. Altitude of land surface, in feet above sea level. Water level: D, dry; E, estimated; F, flowing; P, pumping; R, recently pumped; Rp, reported; S, nearby pumping; Z, other; ft, feet. Discharge: gal/min, gallons per minute; E, estimated; Rp, reported by landowner or driller; , no data; NA, not applicable] Altitude Water level Discharge Depth of well Primary of land Local number Year (ft below use of surface (ft below (P«. 2) drilled land surface) water (ft) land surface) Date (gal/min) Date Primary geologic unit unknown !N-4E-llccd01 - 80 I 4,960 - -- - ~ 27-092-02acc01 1956 230 N 7,700 10 Rp 12- -56 lOORp - 27-095- ISbdOl ~ 4,790 U 7,140 200 Rp 02-14-62 35 - 27-095- ISbddOl 1961 3,410 N ~ - - 100 - 27-097-22dbb01 - 1,090 U - ~ - - ~ 27-097-34ddc01 U 7,008 2 06-11-64 28-090-03dd01 1964 473 S 6,490 394 Rp 09- -64 12 09- -64 28-090- 17db01 ~ 200 H 6,720 F 07-20-65 20 07-20-65 28-090-20abc01 -- 600 - 6,860 ~ - - - 28-092- ISaaaOl 1945 215 N 6,533 10 Rp 07-31-61 15 Rp 07-31-61 28-093-04cdd01 ~ 102 N 7,100 88 E .7Rp 10- -61 28-093-05cdd01 - 169 N 7,200 151 Rp 10- -61 3.5 Rp ~ 29-090-28adc01 1956 130 S 6,200 - - - ~ 29-090-3 IbcOl 1955 140 S 6,325 110.0 09-01-55 - ~ 29-091-13ca01 1942 22 S 6,235 9Rp 06-12-49 ~ - 29-091-15cba01 - 16 s 6,258 12.8 04-22-65 29-091-17dcd01 ~ 23 s 6,278 20.93 10-22-65 - -- 29-092- ISbbbOl 1958 152 p 6,820 35 Rp 02-02-62 175 Rp 02-02-62 29-092- 15bbb02 1956 90 p 6,820 25 Rp 01-29-62 80 Rp ~ 29-092- 15bbb03 1956 87 p 6,820 25 Rp 08-01-56 80 ~ 29-092-28bbc01 1943 160 s 6,470 125 Rp 02-23-43 29-093-09aaa01 1942 65 s 6,440 38 Rp 01-07-62 20 Rp 01-07-62 29-093-llabdOl 1942 65 s 6,360 22 Rp 10-17-42 20 Rp - 30-09 l-12bdc01 1965 ~ s 6,420 144.0 07-21-65 - - 30-095-27ccc01 1950 90 H 6,545 20 Rp 06-08-65 - -- 31-094-05abb01 1948 297 - 7,120 150Rp 31-094-05abb02 1948 309 - 7,120 31-097-19bcb01 1958 1,420 U 6,391 200 Rp 09-01-58 - - 32-094-32db01 1943 233 s 7,118 168.0 09-01-43 170.4 Rp 05-22-63 - - 32-095-04dd01 1929 3,070 s 5,853 F 02- -58 _. F,Rp 04-02-65 - - 32-095-09ad01 3,380 u 5,900 __ 32-095- lObdOl - 1,330 u 5,900 - ~ - 32-099-32ca01 1965 1,050 s 5,980 F 10-28-65 - 33-090-33abb01 1959 215 N 6,480 85 Rp 05-02-62 35 Rp - 33-090-33bbc01 1958 371 N 6,540 125 Rp 02-01-62 ~ - 120 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Table 16. Records of selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Altitude Water level Discharge Depth of well Primary of land Local number Year (ft below use of surface (ft below (pl-2) drilled land surface) water (ft) land surface) Date (gal/min) Date Primary geologic unit unknown Continued 33-095-2 IcdOl 1952 800 N 5,595 316 Rp 09-22-52 3.0 33-096- lOdbOl 1958 2,600 N 5,260 -- -- - 33-096-1 IbcOl 1958 3,430 N 5,540 -- -- 20 Rp 33-097- 17cb01 1961 430 U 5,700 405 Rp 01-07-62 -- 33-099-26bd01 1955 3,700 N - F,Rp 02-14-62 - 33-099-29cac01 1,500 H 5,510 33-1 00-2 IccaOl ~ - H 5,680 - - .. 33-100-22bbc01 ~ -- H 5,740 - .. - 33-100-22dcc01 - -- H 5,750 -- - .. 33-100-23cda01 - 114 H 5,560 -- - - 33-100-26dd01 1959 98 H 5,587 1.5 Rp - l.ORp 10-26-65 34-095-29ccd01 1952 133 U 5,360 20 Rp 01-01-52 50 Rp 36-090-OldaOl 1960 8,650 N 5,728 F 12-04-64 - 36-090-28bb01 1960 6,960 U 5,690 96 Rp - -60 - 37-089-21aa01 - 10,110 U 5,800 -- - - 39-093- IScaaOl - 491 N 5,340 30 Rp 25 Rp 42-107-29cd01 1958 600 U 7,120 F - - Quaternary Alluvium and Colluvium !N-lE-34bcb01 1966 28 U 5,329 6.00 - .. 8.13 06-28-66 .. !N-2W-25cbb02 - - H 5,810 10.57 R 07-17-90 .. !N-2W-27dad01 1963 26 H 5,920 6.02 R 07-17-90 15 Rp 06-28-63 !N-2W-35adc02 1976 56 H 5,870 - - _. !N-4E-31dcc01 - 9 U 4,978 4.00 11-01-65 5.0 !S-lW-06caa01 1978 40 H 5,700 9.39 09-03-89 20 Rp 06-26-78 29-090-06aa01 1938 53 H 6,220 20 Rp 09-01-50 - 29-091-13cab01 - 40 S 6,235 - - 4 06-04-92 29-091-17aa01 ~ 25 S 6,267 17.00 09-27-50 .. 2N-lE-13ccc01 1963 60 H 5,285 4.00 - - 2S-lE-26add02 1960 25 H 5,280 _. 30-090- 16adc01 NA Spring H 6,330 NA NA 10 7-21-65 30-092-36dbc01 1965 10 U 6,280 5.55 05-19-65 -- 30-093-2 IddbOl 1990 50 H 6,365 6.36 07-23-91 4 7-23-91 30-094-20bbc01 - 25 H 6,505 -- - - 30-095-27cac02 - 18 H 6,544 14.00 08-28-50 5E 32-099-22dca01 1986 150 H 5,555 3.15 R 08-06-90 _. 33-098-08cac01 1962 49 H 5,165 20 Rp 08-19-65 -- 33-098-08cbd01 1962 49 H 5,220 ~ ~ .. 33-099- ISccdOl - 60 H 5,410 7.68 07-25-91 SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 121 Table 16. Records of selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Altitude Water level Discharge Depth of well Primary of land Local number Year (ft below use of surface (ft below (pi. 2) drilled land surface) water (ft) land surface) Date (gal/min) Date Quaternary Alluvium and Colluvium Continued 34-098-20daa01 1961 27 P 5,070 6.00 10-12-65 - 34-098-21ccb01 1960 22 P 5,080 10.00 10-12-65 ~ 34-098-32baa01 - 60 U ~ 17.06 09-08-42 .. 38-094-08aa01 1962 60 S 4,740 30 Rp 04-07-62 10 38-094-09cac01 1965 19 U 4,730 7.00 S 11-17-65 - 3N-lW-21aca01 1980 36 H 5,500 3N-lW-22cac01 1980 26 U 5,480 - - ~ 40-105-05abc01 1960 35 H 6,490 20 Rp 06-04-63 -- 40-105-09bac01 1946 20 H 6,460 12 Rp ~ ~ 41-105-21ddb01 -- 25 H 6,600 7.2 06-04-63 ~ 41-105-30dba01 1988 55 H 6,570 20 Z 05- -88 30 - -88 41-105-33bcb01 NA Spring S 6,520 NA NA .. 41-106-07dd01 1962 20 N 6,900 5Rp 09-01-62 200 41-106-16bba01 - 42 H 6,862 16.35 R 05-19-92 - 41-106-16bc01 -- 11 P 6,860 6.00 06-03-63 - 41-106-1 7bdd01 1956 35 H 7,000 21 Rp - -56 30 Rp 41-107-03aa01 1940 16 H 7,000 8.00 09-21-65 - 41-107-12ab02 1959 50 P 6,920 17.00 09-30-64 .. 42-106-08ab01 1947 40 H 7,340 18.00 09-20-64 13.15 09-26-64 _ 42-106-08aba02 -- 25 S 7,355 11.49 05-21-92 ~ 42-106-30dcc02 8.6 H 7,075 5.49 R 05-21-92 15 05-21-92 42-106-30ddc01 1940 13 H 7,200 7.19 09-26-64 .. 42-107-30ac01 - 15 H 7,170 7.00 09-21-65 - 43-108-09baa01 -- 40 H 7,450 3.26 R 05-22-92 .. 4N-3W-08bbd01 30 H 5,920 10.00 04-01-65 11.04 04-27-65 4N-3W-17bba01 1967 35 H 5,900 ~ 20 Rp 10-27-67 4N-4W-02cda01 1966 33 U 5,932 1.00 08-01-66 .. 4N-4W-02dcb01 -- - H - ~ - .. 4N-4W-26bcb01 1963 9 H 6,180 2.73 08-02-89 .. 5N-5W-36daa01 1967 45 H 6,260 -- ~ -- 6N-4W-20add01 - 12 H 6,840 5E 04-01-65 Quaternary Terrace Deposits !N-lW-29bdb01 NA Spring S 5,840 NA NA .2 E 08-01-89 !S-lE-31dda01 1941 45 H 5,533 - - .. !S-lE-32acd01 1958 45 H 5,493 - - .. 33-099-08acc01 ~ H 5,280 5.33 R 06-27-91 8 06-27-91 6.08 R 08-23-91 33-099-23dcb02 19 H 5,255 11.13Z 06-11-91 8 06-11-91 122 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Table 16. Records of selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Altitude Water level Discharge Depth of well Primary of land Local number Year (ft below use of surface (ft below (pi. 2) drilled land surface) water (ft) land surface) Date (gal/min) Date Quaternary Terrace Deposits Continued 42-109-02cccOl 1952 70 H 7,680 10 Rp - ~ ~ 4N-4E-23acd01 1951 23 U 5,015 10.00 12-01-51 ~ - 4N-4W-09cad01 ~ - H 6,185 47.49 R 05-16-91 - - 4N-4W-23adc01 - 30 C 6,090 4 Rp 06-05-63 - ~ 4N-4W-23bab01 1962 40 H 6,110 8 08-02-89 23.87 R 05-15-91 ~ - Quaternary Glacial Deposits 3N-2W-17acb01 1955 45 C 5,680 35.00 09-01-64 ~ - 41-106-15cbd01 - - H 6,835 ~ - ~ Quaternary Landslide Deposits 43-108-22abb01 NA Spring S 7,455 NA NA 21 05-22-92 Quaternary Dune Sand and Loess 37-089-3 IcccOl NA Spring S 5,660 NA NA 28 08-04-91 Miocene rocks 29-090-27aab01 - 115 S 6,185 36.23 06-04-92 17 06-04-92 29-093-1 IbddOl ~ 65 S 6,390 24.07 06-04-92 ~ ~ 30-090-03ccc01 - ~ S 6,430 57.3 06-04-92 13 06-04-92 30-092- ISabdOl 1942 145 S 6,568 95 Rp 09-01-42 20 01-01-42 94.83 07-23-91 12 06-27-91 30-094- ISdabOl - 1,080 S 6,515 F 07-23-91 3 07-23-91 30-095-13aac01 600 S 6,550 F 06-14-91 8 06-14-91 30-095- 13adc01 NA Spring S 6,527 NA NA .6 06-14-91 30-096-28dbc01 ~ 150 S 6,780 65 Rp 05-12-65 12 Rp 06-08-65 57.3 06-08-65 48.4 R 08-10-90 12 08-10-90 31-091-09abc01 - 260 S 6,880 150.5 R 08-21-91 8 08-21-91 Arikaree Formation 27-097- 12caa01 NA Spring S 6,995 NA NA 360 E 06-21-90 29-090- 16cb01 1962 220 H 6,180 -- ~ - 29-090-16cca01 1965 29 U 6,190 20.00 05-20-65 - ~ 29-091- lOdbOl ~ 25 H 6,265 12.00 08-30-50 ~ ~ 29-091-16ddd01 - 28 U 6,287 19.64 09-30-50 - - 29-091-26bbb01 ._ 322 S 6,390 170.0 09-24-50 ._ __ 170.2 04-22-65 - ~ 29-092-02bdc01 1957 223 N 6,290 7 Rp 01-31-62 800 01-31-62 29-092-02bdc02 1957 159 N 6,290 6 Rp 01-31-62 1,100 -- 29-092- lOccaOl - 60 H 6,315 17.5 Rp 09-01-50 ~ -- 29-092-10dcd01 1960 100 P 6,320 28 Rp 07-21-65 ~ ~ SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 123 Table 16. Records of selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Altitude Water level Discharge Depth of well Prima ry of land Local number Year (ft below use < of surface (ft below (pi. 2) drilled land surface) water (ft) land surface) Date (gal/min) Date Arikaree Formation Continued 29-092- 12add01 1943 70 S 6,299 35 Rp 02-15-43 20 - 29-093-36dbb01 1973 1,000 U 6,597 '220.8 04-30-74 - - 29-094-05dcc01 - 103 S 6,520 65 Rp 09-10-41 - - 65 01-07-62 - - 29-095- ISacdOl NA Spring S 6,680 NA NA 14 06-24-90 30-095-3 ladOl - 75 S 6,590 1 15.0 06-01-65 - - 31-091-14ca01 1960 220 S 6,780 91.00 07-21-65 3.0 31-091-25dc01 ~ 150 S 6,504 - - 4.0 - 31-092-24dd01 1964 172 S 6,760 80 Rp 10-19-64 10 - 31-094-17cba01 1943 202 S 7,040 137 Rp 04-23-43 6.5 Rp ~ White River Formation 28-094- llaacOl NA Spring S 6,858 NA NA 40 07-22-91 30-098- 19cca01 NA Spring S 7,180 NA NA ~ ~ 30-098-26bba01 NA Spring S 6,769 NA NA ~ ~ 30-098-28bbd01 NA Spring S 6,960 NA NA ~ - 31-094-04dc01 1964 242 S 6,840 ISORp 08-04-64 20 -- 31-094-17cb02 1964 295 S 7,060 135 Rp 07-24-64 7.0 ~ 31-094-27ba01 1942 326 S 6,900 177 Rp 11-27-42 12 - 31-094-33dcb01 1942 326 S 6,733 177.0 01-07-62 12 -- 31-095-12bdb01 1964 160 S 6,960 90 Rp 08-11-64 25 - 89.53 R 06-12-91 16 06-12-91 31-095-15dba01 1941 160 S 6,768 62 Rp 07-15-41 25 62.14 R 06-24-91 10 06-24-91 3 1-095-3 IdddOl 1945 135 S 6,715 65 Rp - -45 _ _ 68.16 06-23-91 - ~ 32-090- llaaaOl NA Spring S 6,970 NA NA 1 10-03-63 32-090-22ddc01 NA Spring S 6,962 NA NA 15 08-21-91 32-094-32db02 1964 259 S 7,118 140 Rp 07-13-64 20 ~ LAT-LONG NA Spring S 6,810 NA NA 2 07-21-91 4243441075953 Tepee Trail Formation 7N-5W-lldbb01 NA Spring S 8,340 NA NA 8 10-19-89 7N-5W-13bac01 NA Spring U 8,400 NA NA 37 10-19-89 7N-5W-13bdb01 NA Spring U 8,420 NA NA 14 10-19-89 Wagon Bed Formation 31-096-25baa01 NA Spring S 6,390 NA NA .5 06-12-91 32-094-03cab01 NA Spring S 6,810 NA NA 5E 06-25-91 32-095-34cad01 NA Spring S 6,820 NA NA 1.0 E 06-12-91 40-089-3 lacbOl ~ - S 6,025 F 06-01-92 10 06-01-92 40-09 l-27ddd01 ~ 134 S 5,635 ~ ~ - - 40-092-3 IbabOl 400 S 5,880 .. __ 2 06-03-92 124 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Table 16. Records of selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Altitude Water level Discharge Depth of well Primary of land Local number Year (ft below1 use of surface (ft below (pi. 2) drilled land surfac:e) water (ft) land surface) Date (gal/min) Date Bridger Formation 28-094-17abd01 -- 600 S 7,115 F 07-22-91 7 07-22-91 Crooks Gap Conglomerate 27-09 l-05ddc01 NA Spring S 9,010 NA NA .5 08-23-91 Laney Member of Green River Formation 27-101-35dca01 NA Spring S 7,660 NA NA 12E 11-17-76 4.0 06-19-90 Wasatch Formation 27-101-15cdb01 NA Spring S 7,625 NA NA 3E 06-19-90 Battle Spring Formation 27-092-29bb01 ~ 2,460 u ~ - ~ 27-093- 14cad01 1966 180 S 6,950 F 07-24-91 9 07-24-91 28-092-21acc01 1965 800 H 7,400 347 Rp 10-29-65 5.0 Rp 10-29-65 28-093-34dcb01 NA Spring S 7,225 NA NA IE 07-24-91 Wind River Formation !N-lE-03bbb01 1930 579 U 5,665 533.0 06-01-65 1.0 06-22-65 !N-2E-21bbb01 1966 300 U 5,304 207 Rp 08-01-66 - ~ !N-3E-16cca01 103 H 5,125 '21.00 08-01-48 !N-4E-12ccc01 1933 64 U 4,915 ! 17.00 10-01-48 ~ - !N-4E-14dcb01 - 565 I 4,925 - 250 08-19-87 !N-4E-28acc01 1969 440 P -- 1 124.59 08-25-83 _ _ !N-4E-33ddb01 1944 435 U 4,970 ! 122 05-01-61 lN-5E-10dcd01 1965 77 U 4,930 !25.00 05-01-65 - ~ !S-2E-14aaa01 1984 62 H 5,100 4.12 R 06-26-90 20 Rp 11-30-84 !S-3E-23acc01 -- ~ H 5,000 - ~ - !S-4E-09cdb01 1960 515 P 4,940 20.00 01-01-60 30 lS-5E-llacc01 1965 225 N 5,075 !22.00 05-01-65 3.6 05-10-65 21.2 05-10-65 21.16 05-27-65 22.20 06-18-65 - - 2N-lE-36bda01 1976 135 I 5,300 - 15 Rp 05-21-76 2N-2E-17bcb01 - 265 F 5,390 64.48 08-20-91 6 08-20-91 2N-2E-32ccc01 1985 181 H 5,250 ~ 20 Rp 04-04-85 2N-2W-27abc01 1973 65 H 5,780 25.82 R 07-19-90 12 Rp 06- -73 2N-3E-04acd01 ~ 215 H 5,305 82.13R 08-20-91 - -- 2N-3E-17aaa01 1948 120 H 5,320 71.00 05-01-49 - - 2N-3E-34cdb01 1940 218 H 5,359 90.00 01-01-40 14 ~ ~ 7.0 08-08-90 2N-3W-22dcd01 1976 86 H 5,880 30.5 Rp 07-19-90 10 Rp - -76 SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 125 Table 16. Records of selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Altitude Water level Discharge Depth of well Primary of land Local number Year (ft below use of surface (ft below (pi. 2) drilled land surface) water («) land surface) Date (gal/min) Date Wind River Formation Continued 2N-4E-01cbc02 1950 90 S 5,015 17.55 08-22-91 - ~ 2N-4E-25ccc01 1947 50 H 5,040 20.00 - - ~ 2N-4E-30cbc01 1989 710 H 5,360 169.2 R 08-20-91 15 08-20-91 2N-5E-04bbb01 1944 89 U 4,916 !22 07-01-48 - - 2N-5E-04bbb02 - 230 H 4,925 40.0 03-01-44 20 Rp 08-19-87 2N-5E-33bbb01 175 H 4,870 2N-6E-19bab01 1973 100 S 4,835 28.72 08-20-91 15 08-20-91 2N-6E-30ddd01 - ~ S 4,780 F ~ 35 08-19-66 30-096-35cb01 1964 240 S 6,780 140.0 06-24-64 25 -- 123.9 06-08-65 ~ ~ 32-094- 17da01 1941 150 S 7,050 16 Rp 09-01-41 50 - 32-096-03bac01 110 U 5,470 36.77 06-24-91 32-096-13bc01 1964 400 S 5,580 240 Rp 06-06-64 11 ~ 32-096-35cd01 1942 97 S 5,652 - ~ - - 32-097- 17dd01 1941 171 S 5,780 60 Rp - -41 ~ - 33-090-22dd01 1956 112 N 28 Rp 01-29-62 150 8.19 07-01-68 -- 33-090-26ada01 1956 206 N 6,500 80 Rp 01-29-62 ' 100 Rp 01-29-62 33-090-26bdc01 1955 110 H 6,515 20 Rp 01-26-62 350 Rp - 33-090-26bdc02 - 109 N 6,515 27.10 06-11-50 - ~ 33-090-28aa01 1959 84 H 6,440 -- - - - 33-090-28abb01 NA Spring S 6,382 NA NA 2E 08-21-91 33-090-28cc01 1961 105 P 6,500 40 Rp 11-19-62 33-090-28cdb01 1959 415 N 6,460 70 Rp 02-05-62 lOORp - 33-090-28db01 1959 265 N 6,440 95 Rp 11-15-64 95 ~ 33-090-32aa01 ~ 338 U 6,520 - ~ 50 ~ 33-090-32aa02 1960 207 U 6,520 125.0 05-07-62 50 124 Rp 11-19-62 - 33-096-04dd01 1937 103 N 5,230 20 Rp 01-15-62 10 - 33-096-09aa01 1938 113 N 5,245 - - - ~ 33-096-09ab01 1938 110 N 5,245 - - ~ ~ 33-096-10bc01 1960 90 N 5,220 31.00 10-14-65 45 ~ 33-096-15ac01 1946 180 N 5,282 ISORp 01-01-46 - - 33-096-16add01 376 N 5,278 59.69 S 06-25-91 - 33-096-33db01 1955 150 I 5,360 80 Rp 02-02-62 30 - 33-096-33dbc01 ~ 100 H 5,378 30.90 R 06-25-91 - - 34-092-04ddd01 1958 65 S 5,650 30 Rp 05-12-58 15 Rp 07-20-91 4.0 07-20-91 34-093-19dd01 1950 362 S 5,619 97 Rp - -41 7.0 - 126 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Table 16. Records of selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Altitude Water level Discharge Depth of well Primary of land Local number Year (ft below use of surface (ft below (pl-2) drilled land surface) water (ft) land surface) Date (gal/min) Date Wind River Formation Continued 34-093-20ab01 1960 390 S 5,570 177.0 08-25-65 5.0 ~ 34-094- 12bca01 1961 225 S 5,480 51.00 08-27-65 7.0 43.04 06-26-91 13 06-26-91 35-089-32bdd01 1963 355 S 6,200 285 Rp 04-12-63 15 Rp - 35-090-03cc01 1964 110 S 5,820 70 Rp 05-26-64 10 Rp - 35-090-34ddd01 1963 150 S 6,000 100 Rp 02-15-63 10 - 35-091-30dcb01 1940 165 S 5,645 F 08-22-91 2 08-22-91 35-094- 13bd01 1961 230 S 5,370 38.00 06-01-65 10 - 36-089-28dd01 1964 300 S 6,000 200 Rp 07-10-64 8.0 - 36-091-15bd01 1940 89 S 5,620 77.00 09- -64 - - 36-092-30aca01 - 237 S 5,462 - - 8.0 08-06-91 36-093- ISadOl 1963 240 S 5,210 213.0 06-09-65 10 36-093-25bcd01 1964 203 S 5,320 150Rp 05-08-64 20 - 36-094- 12ccb01 1952 100 u 4,995 30 Rp 10-04-52 - ~ 36-094-28cab01 1952 130 S 5,174 HORp 10-13-52 20 Rp 10-13-52 36-094-36dcc01 1962 104 S 5,275 25.00 08-27-65 10 - 15 8-22-91 37-089- ISadaOl NA Spring S 5,660 NA NA 2E 08-18-91 37-090-19bab01 - - S 5,535 71.49 06-01-92 15 06-01-92 37-090-25bb01 1962 260 S 5,780 80 Rp 05-01-62 16 - 37-091-10ab01 1963 620 S 5,620 220 Rp 07-13-63 4.0 - 37-09 l-23ac01 - 265 c 5,430 - ~ - ~ 37-09 l-23ad01 - 600 u 5,440 ~ 37-09 l-25bc01 1944 113 H 5,485 38.00 09-14-65 ~ ~ 37-09 l-35db01 1960 118 S 5,560 77.00 12-12-61 15 - 37-092-34ab01 1960 90 S 5,350 42.00 12-01-61 15 - 37-094- 14bd01 1965 173 u 4,935 70.00 06-09-65 - ~ 37-094- IScdbOl 1958 106 S 4,885 35 Rp 05-12-58 40.85 08-22-91 10 08-22-91 37-094-25dac01 - 210 S 5,025 94.76 08-05-91 ~ - 37-094-33ac01 1964 188 S 4,940 70 Rp 05-15-64 - - 38-090-0 Ibbc02 1963 57 S 5,570 30 Rp 11-01-63 10 - - ~ 1.2 06-01-92 38-090-03cd01 1950 143 u 5,405 15.11 08-12-58 21.00 06-12-65 38-090-07cbb01 1962 110 S 5,325 F 09-15-65 5.0 04-21-62 F 08-08-91 5 08-08-91 38-090-09bd01 1960 70 H 5,400 F 06-12-65 30 - 38-090-10bcd01 1958 825 u 5,427 ~ - 250 - 38-090- llcaaOl 1956 157 S 5,500 F,Rp 06-12-65 - - 38-090- ISbbOl 1920 110 H 5,260 7.00 08-11-53 - - SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 127 Table 16. Records of selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Altitude Water level Discharge Depth of well Primary of land Local number Year (ft below use of surface (ft below (pl-2) drilled land surface) water (ft) land surface) Date (gal/min) Date Wind River Formation Continued 38-090-3 IdddOl 1961 508 N 5,560 300.0 12-20-61 10 Rp - 38-09 l-03dc01 -- 50 H 5,200 25 Rp -- - - 38-092-26ad01 1960 405 S 5,520 100 Rp 05-01-60 4.0 - 38-092-3 IbcOl 1962 400 u 5,171 85.00 -- ~ ~ 38-093-06acc02 565 S 4,965 HORp 04-12-64 20 ~ 4 06-03-92 38-093-28bbc01 1960 730 S 5,290 480 Rp 01-01-60 8.0 -- - 6.0 08-05-91 38-094-09ab01 1962 130 S 4,780 15 Rp 04-14-62 10 ~ 38-094- lldcOl 1922 380 - 4,800 -- ~ 50 Rp -- 38-094- 13abd01 1944 380 N 4,782 F - 2Rp ~ 38-094-14aa01 1945 480 P 4,795 F 6-11-65 190 - 38-094- 14ccc01 1932 2,210 H 4,810 F 06-11-65 2.0 06-11-65 F 08-08-91 1.0 08-08-91 39-089-32ba01 1962 350 S 5,800 F 05- -62 2Rp ~ 39-090- 13db01 1952 300 H 5,740 75 08- -53 - ~ 73.00 06-12-65 20 - 39-090- 13dc01 -- 120 U 4,700 54.00 06-12-65 ~ - 39-090- 13dca02 - -- I 5,715 37.68 R 06-01-92 - ~ 39-090-25ac01 ~ 86 S 5,801 27.00 - - 9Rp ~ 39-090-34dc01 1952 250 H 5,480 6.00 08-01-53 ~ - 39-092- 13dbd01 -- 125 S 5,470 F 06-03-92 50 06-03-92 39-092-28cc01 1960 336 S 5,420 175 Rp 12-23-60 20 - 39-093-35acc01 -- 520 S 5,060 F 08-07-91 2 08-07-91 39-094-29aa01 1960 81 S 4,760 37 Rp 10-10-61 12 - 3N-lE-09cda01 1966 207 u 5,622 106.0 11-01-66 - ~ 3N-lE-26caa01 1934 45 H 5,455 13.75 R 08-08-90 ~ - 3N-lW-20aca01 1918 400 H 5,520 F 08-08-90 5E 08-08-90 3N-2E-02cdc01 1985 47 I 5,352 9.27 08-19-91 25 04-25-85 3N-2E-14aad01 1946 40 H 5,325 9.12 09-16-48 ~ 3N-2W-01add02 1987 300 H 5,710 - - - ~ 3N-2W-22ddc01 1955 375 C 5,680 20.00 - - -- 3N-3E-26aba02 1941 244 H 5,154 68 Rp 01-01-41 15 - 3N-3W-04aba02 - 70 U 5,980 -- ~ - - 3N-4E-29dcc02 50 H 5,130 8.06 R 08-19-91 12 08-19-91 3N-4E-36cad01 1941 160 S 4,974 30.00 11- -41 10 50.90 R 08-07-90 - - 3N-5E-33dcc01 -- 35 U 4,892 F 06-15-49 - ~ 41-106-08cac01 -- 645 H 6,955 67.01 R 05-20-92 12 05-20-92 41-106-28cb01 1964 235 H 7,260 42.00 09-27-64 12 128 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Table 16. Records of selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Altitude Water level Discharge Depth of well Primary of land Local number Year (ft below use of surface (ft below (pi. 2) drilled land surface) water (ft) land surface) Date (gal/min) Date Wind River Formation Continued 41-107-12ab01 1958 103 H 6,930 18 04- -58 ._ 25.00 09-01-65 - 41-107-12ab03 1958 127 H 6,930 24.7 09-30-64 .. 42-107-lldaOl 1961 101 H 7,290 9.20 09-26-64 .. 42-107-13bd01 1958 110 H 7,400 51 Rp - -65 ~ 42-107-19daa01 -- 90 S 7,250 13.47 R 05-22-92 - 42-107-23cac01 1961 101 H 7,290 13.2 09-21-65 15.14 05-20-92 ~ 42-107-25bb01 1963 250 U 7,380 D - .- 42-108-06dbc01 1984 -- C 7,561 15.06 R 05-21-92 .. 43-108-34dcd01 1950 120 H 7,340 - - .. 43-109-21caa01 1964 500 H 7,880 55 Rp 07-01-64 ~ 4N-lE-llbbd01 1966 185 U 5,645 51.00 11-01-66 2.0 4N-lE-18dbc01 1966 272 U 5,810 '98.00 11-01-66 10 4N-lW-04cbb01 1966 166 U 6,162 114.0 11-01-66 3.0 4N-lW-25daa01 -- 487 S 5,824 436.0 06-01-66 .. 4N-2W-06add01 1966 301 U 6,149 117.0 08-01-66 - 4N-2W-33daa01 1966 131 U 5,777 44.00 08-01-66 4N-3E-llabc01 1947 102 S 5,125 71.30 09-30-47 2Rp 4N-3W-34cdd01 1945 40 H 5,895 18.00 - .. 4N-4E-13dbd01 1984 395 H 5,002 251.2 P 08-19-91 10 Rp 08-19-91 4N-4E-19cdd01 ~ 100 H 5,197 57.29 R 08-19-91 - 4N-4W-08bca01 1990 95 H 6,320 2.25 R 07-26-90 20 Rp 07-26-85 4N-4W-22adb01 1964 460 H 6,180 -- - -- 4N-5E-06ccc01 1937 . 156 S 4,875 47.00 08-01-49 - 5N-2E-13ac01 ~ 150 - -- ~ .. 5N-3E-32bcb01 1966 560 U 5,320 D 10-27-66 ~ 5N-3W-12dcc01 98 U 6,316 84.00 06-01-66 5N-4E-21ccd01 1966 296 U 5,065 130.00 11-01-66 7.0 5N-4W-17bdd01 1966 317 U 6,285 101.00 08-01-66 - 5N-5E-33aba01 1966 190 U 4,830 38.00 11-01-66 2.0 38.24 03-23-67 5N-5W-13bcd01 1945 180 H 6,140 33.00 09-01-64 10 6N-3W-33ccd01 1966 96 U 6,625 43.00 10-01-66 30 6N-4E-32add01 -- 44 S 5,430 1.00 08-01-65 - 6N-4W-36cdb01 1966 212 U 6,940 -- - _. 7N-lE-19cca01 1945 U F 04-28-65 10 F 08-17-65 SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 129 Table 16. Records of selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Altitude Water level Discharge Depth of well Primar y of land Local number Year (ft below useo >f surface (ft below (pi. 2) drilled land surface) water (ft) land surface) Date (gal/min) Date Fort Union Formation !S-2E-09bbb01 1951 430 H 5,190 110.0 -- 1.0 - 34-093- 19ddc02 268 H 5,619 60.00 - -60 10 75.63 R 06-26-91 37-090-20adb01 1961 485 I 5,600 F,Rp 12-04-64 - ~ Mesaverde Formation 34-092- ISdbdOl 1953 298 U 5,645 -- - 30 Rp 1.0 07-20-91 34-092-22bdc01 1954 50 S 5,770 9P 07-20-91 7 07-20-91 6N-2E-32aba01 - 95 U 5,715 8.00 04-01-65 - - Cody Shale !N-lE-36cb01 300 U - - - !S-lW-06ada01 1963 58 U 5,660 5Rp 06-01-63 10 - 27-090-33adc01 1965 45 H 7,248 15 Rp 03-10-65 15 03-10-65 31-096-05bda01 135 . 5,505 2.50 12-01-65 F 06-13-91 - ~ 32-096-32acd01 1965 110 S 5,503 32.00 12-01-65 24.51 Z 06-13-91 15 06-13-91 33-098-06ccd01 1962 132 U 5,200 11.20 08-19-65 9.0 06-11-91 33-099-30bda01 - 50 U 5,560 - - ~ ~ 34-091- 13bbc01 1950 271 U 5,810 19.3 07-21-65 17.45 P 08-22-91 - - 34-094-27cd01 1961 312 S 5,650 235 Rp 06-12-63 - - 34-095-25baa01 1963 403 S 5,710 235 Rp 06-12-63 9Rp 35-095-25aaa01 1963 400 S 5540 360 Rp 06-03-63 15 - Frontier Formation !N-lE-33bbb01 1957 712 - 5,355 ~ ~ 40 01-01-57 !N-2W-35acd01 1980 80 H 5,900 3.21 R 07-18-90 12 Rp 12-14-80 IS-lW-OSccbOl 1943 548 H 5,675 F ~ .70 07-02-68 ;; lS-lW-15cca01 1990 100 S 5,600 37.49 R 06-26-90 1.5 Rp - -90 2N-2W-31cda03 1982 85 H 6,180 - - 4.0 07-19-90 31-098-28dcb01 NA Spring S 6,160 NA NA 4 08-05-90 32-098-27ab01 1963 266 S 5,730 30.00 06-22-64 4.0 - 32-098-27abb02 - 425 S 5,725 13.85 Z 06-10-91 - - 32-099-03cac01 NA Spring H 5,420 NA NA ~ - 32-099- 16dcc01 1960 345 S 5,520 F 10-14-65 - u- 32-099-22dcc01 1965 53 H 5,560 15 Rp 10-14-65 - . 33-091-08cdd01 - 3,420 U 6,000 - - - - 33-095-27bcd01 -- 4,680 S 5,655 - - 4.0 06-24-91 33-099-32ddb01 NA Spring H 5,678 NA NA ~ - 33-099-35cac01 NA Spring H 5,420 NA NA 2.5 06-10-91 130 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Table 16. Records of selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Altitude Water level Discharge Depth of well Prirrtiary of land Local number Year (ft below use of surface (ft below (pi. 2) drilled land surface) wat(sr (ft) land surface) Date (gal/min) Date Frontier Formation Continued 33-100-llaccOl -- 500 U 5,525 16 08-11-91 - ~ 4N-4W-14ccb01 1950 400 P 6,120 31 Rp 11-01-65 10 - 6N-3W-02bcb01 1955 138 H 6,950 19.00 04-01-65 - - Mowry Shale 33-094-27adb01 NA Spring S 6,048 NA NA 2.0 E 06-25-91 Thermopolis Shale 31-098-02cba01 1971 316 S 5,920 128.8 Z 08-03-90 - - 31-098-18cdc01 NA Spring H 5,860 NA NA ~ - 33-099-34dad01 1971 120 S 5,680 65.3R 08-02-90 10 11-15-71 Cleverly Formation 30-098- 12bac01 NA Spring S 6,240 NA NA - ~ 32-099-27dbc01 1981 225 H 5,560 143.7 08-06-90 - - 33-090-22aab01 1957 1,720 N 6,375 28 Rp 08-21-57 130 E - 33-090-22ca01 1958 1,500 N 6,500 392 Rp 01-15-64 150 - 33-090-23bc01 1958 1,050 N 6,440 107 Rp - 230 - 33-090-23cac01 1957 995 H 6,490 99 Rp 77 01-24-62 33-090-28bc01 1958 1,050 N -- 107 Rp - 230 09-19-61 Morrison Formation 32-099-34abc01 1949 350 H 5,480 5.00 - -49 6.0 - 33-099-23dc01 1960 215 H 5,260 F,Rp 08-19-65 ~ - Sundance Formation 6N-2W-22cba01 NA Spring S -- NA NA - - Gypsum Spring Formation 6N-2W-22cbb01 NA Spring U 6,650 NA NA 12 09-04-89 Nugget Sandstone !S-2W-24dcb01 1963 40 - 5,885 17.5 Rp 03-29-63 10 - 33-094-23dbd01 NA Spring S 6,053 NA NA 5.0 06-26-91 Chugwater Formation !S-2W-26ada01 1963 56 U 5,980 32 Rp 03-30-63 9.0 - 30-096-07bb02 1956 290 U 5,880 F 08-18-65 - ~ 31-097-30adc01 NA Spring S 6,265 NA NA 5E 08-04-90 32-100-23dab01 -- 42 H 6,140 4.97 R 08-06-90 - ~ 33-094-26ddb01 NA Spring S 6,270 NA NA 60 06-25-91 33-100-21adb01 70 H 5,770 - 33-100-28abb01 1971 60 H 5,780 -- ~ - - 40-090-20dbb01 -- 50 H 5,710 -- ~ - - 4N-5W-14dcd01 NA Spring S 6,920 NA NA 75 E 06-29-90 5N-6W-14ddb01 NA Spring U -- NA NA - - SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 131 Table 16. Records of selected wells and springs in Fremont County, Wyoming-Continued Altitude Water level Discharge Depth of well Primar y of land Local number Year (ft below useo f surface (ft below (pi. 2) drilled land surface) water (ft) land surface) Date (gal/min) Date Phosphoria Formation and related rocks 2S-lW-20bdb01 NA Spring S 6,440 NA NA 1.0 E 08-01-89 30-096-07bb01 1956 269 S 5,890 F 08-18-65 900 08-18-65 30-097- lOdadOl NA Spring I 5,820 NA NA - - 30-097- llbbOl 1961 408 I 5,860 20.00 - -61 150 - 30-099-03cdd01 NA Spring S 7,280 NA NA 16 06-23-90 31-098-24dcd01 NA Spring H 6,020 NA NA 260 08-04-90 33-101-25aaa01 NA Spring S 6,880 NA NA 8.0 E 07-25-91 42-107-32dbd01 1989 80 H 7,300 36 Z 03- -89 - - 5N-6W-14dad01 1963 980 U 6,440 F 09-28-64 - - 5N-6W-35ada01 1964 200 S 7,640 27 Rp 03-26-64 3.0 ~ 6N-3W-21dcb01 _ 5,450 S 6,600 _. .. 1.0 F 04-24-65 1.3 04-24-65 F 08-08-90 1.2 08-08-90 Tensleep Sandstone !S-lW-02aad01 NA Spring R 5,480 NA NA 332 10-20-89 30-093-32bdb01 1950 6,590 U 6,435 - - - - 31-098-09ad01 1928 2,440 N 5,900 -- - - - 31-099-09bcb01 1988 458 H 5,620 F 09-06-89 150 E 09-06-89 33-089- IScaaOl 1960 1,680 N 6,510 30 Rp 02-07-62 364 02-07-62 33-089- IScdcOl 1959 1,670 N 6,586 20 Rp 12-07-59 250 Rp 12-07-59 33-090-24bc01 1958 1,360 N 6,540 26 Rp 09-01-64 625 -- 33-100- ISbddOl 1938 900 H 6,050 F 12- -57 100 ~ F 08-17-65 - - 33-100-18cba01 1988 450 U 6,200 -- - 14 07-25-90 33-100-25ca01 1942 3,330 P - F, Rp 08-15-65 539 - 33-101-13aba01 1939 700 I 6,221 75 - - 41 07-25-90 42-107-32bc01 NA Spring U 7,260 - - - - Madison Limestone 2N-lW-18ccc01 1962 4,210 N 6,100 496 Rp 12-16-62 173 12-16-62 - - 700 Rp - -90 2S-2E-19ccc01 1983 2,930 - 5,370 -- - 262 Rp - -90 30-099- 13bb01 1965 1,630 N 7,025 446 Rp 07-23-65 130 - 31-100-25abd01 NA Spring U 7,500 NA NA 20 06-23-90 32-100-24ccb01 ~ 2,320 H 6,280 F 08-06-90 - - 33-099-23cdd01 _. ~ S 5,260 F 06-11-91 10 06-11-91 33-099-35daa01 3,010 S 5,320 500 04-15-65 F 6-10-91 500 E 06-10-91 33-101-13aba02 1989 1,400 I 6,220 - ~ - - 40-089-06bca01 NA Spring S 6,740 NA NA 22 08-09-91 40-090-12abc01 NA Spring S 6,600 NA NA 7 08-09-91 132 WATER RESOURCES OF FREMONT COUNTY Altitude Water level Discharge Depth of well Primar y of land Local number Year (ft below useo f surface (ft below (pi. 2) drilled land surface) water (ft) land surface) Date (gal/min) Date Madison Limestone Continued 40-106-22aca01 NA Spring C 7,530 NA NA 10 05-20-92 4N-6W-01aca01 NA Spring U 6,580 NA NA 94 06-29-90 Bighorn Dolomite 3N-5W-10bcb01 NA Spring U 7,520 NA NA 628 06-28-90 7N-4W-30ccb01 NA Spring s 8,680 NA NA .2 09-05-89 Cambrian rocks 40-091-19ddb01 NA Spring s 6,310 NA NA 1.0 E 06-03-92 Flathead Sandstone 29-097-19bcb01 NA Spring s 7,360 NA NA - - 30-099-19adc01 NA Spring z 7,900 NA NA 31 06-23-90 4N-6W-35cbd01 NA Spring s 9,560 NA NA 85 06-28-90 Precambrian rocks 27-100-04dcd01 NA Spring z 7,322 NA NA 297 06-22-90 27-102-OlcdcOl NA Spring s 7,160 NA NA 500 E 06-22-90 28-097-llbdaOl NA Spring s 7,360 NA NA 1.0 E 06-21-90 28-097- 15add01 NA Spring s 7,390 NA NA 4.0 E 06-21-90 28-097- 16bdb01 NA Spring s 7,280 NA NA 5.0 E 06-21-90 28-097-23dcb01 NA Spring s 7,380 NA NA ~ - 28-098-24bcb01 NA Spring s 7,330 NA NA - -- 28-101-07bcb01 NA Spring s 7,820 NA NA 5.0 E 06-19-90 28-101-08cad01 NA Spring s 7,700 NA NA 2.0 E 06-19-90 28-101-36dda01 -- - s 7,500 - - - ~ 29-095- 15abd01 NA Spring s 6,640 NA NA 64 06-24-90 29-097-29aca01 NA Spring s 7,340 NA NA .5 06-20-90 29-098-35bdb01 NA Spring s 7,360 NA NA 1 06-20-90 29-099- lOddcOl NA Spring s 7,800 NA NA 5.0 E 06-20-90 29-099- 16ada01 NA Spring s 7,811 NA NA 1.5 E 06-20-90 29-101-33bba01 NA Spring s 8,000 NA NA 3.0 E 06-19-90 31-093-09adc01 NA Spring s 6,860 NA NA 12 07-21-91 31-093-24ccd01 NA Spring s 7,040 NA NA 10 E 07-21-91 7N-4W-30aac01 NA Spring I 8,860 NA NA 8 09-05-89 Additional water levels in USGS data base or published reports. SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 133 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1995 - 673-212 / 01006 REGION NO. 8 e ,2 a S 6 «u o «iO w (U'-5^ «4-,S JJ 3 * -a >> 3 0>S G £ g-o "« ^ .§ .1 ^ o«3 §"» C S S ? l=£^ll Hf i^."-.S -S!fs § 2 i»" li 1 "o S "S * § rf S 11 111 S7 11 s|i us-?. « £ 8 2 J S o 1 § -S & § .2 .9 1 a § 5!«H*§ll S> 1.9H- g *i o So <« -^ ^ js c 3 «*3 T3 S "2 ' w g *S §8« lll§ s^Ss^cSo^c Ji ^5