Commonwealth Arts Policy and Administration
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Parliament of Australia Department of Parliamentary Services Parliamentary Library Information, analysis and advice for the Parliament BACKGROUND NOTE www.aph.gov.au/library 7 May 2009, 2008–09 Commonwealth arts policy and administration Dr John Gardiner-Garden Social Policy Section Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 From Deakin to McMahon.......................................................................................................... 1 The Whitlam Government .......................................................................................................... 1 The establishing of the Australia Council ......................................................................... 2 Other initiatives ................................................................................................................. 3 The Fraser Government .............................................................................................................. 4 Initial policies .................................................................................................................... 4 Reviews and reports .......................................................................................................... 5 Other initiatives ................................................................................................................. 8 The Hawke Government ............................................................................................................. 8 Initial changes .................................................................................................................... 8 The flagship debate............................................................................................................ 9 The geographic bias debate ............................................................................................. 11 The arm’s-length debate .................................................................................................. 13 The level of funding debate ............................................................................................. 15 The McLeay Report ......................................................................................................... 16 The devolution of authority debate.................................................................................. 18 The Ministerial power debate .......................................................................................... 19 The Australia Council’s structure debate ........................................................................ 20 Australia’s folk-life ......................................................................................................... 21 The Coalition Arts Policy ................................................................................................ 22 Australia Council changes ............................................................................................... 24 Towards a national arts strategy ...................................................................................... 26 Other initiatives ............................................................................................................... 27 The Keating Government .......................................................................................................... 28 Cultural Development ..................................................................................................... 29 Literary funding ............................................................................................................... 29 The Australia Council...................................................................................................... 30 The lead up to the 1993 election...................................................................................... 32 New Ministers and Shadows after the 1993 election ...................................................... 34 The Performing Arts ........................................................................................................ 35 Employment in cultural industries .................................................................................. 36 The National Museum and the National Portrait Gallery ................................................ 37 Rights issues .................................................................................................................... 39 Towards a Commonwealth Cultural Policy .................................................................... 41 Corporate Support for the Arts ........................................................................................ 43 The Cultural Policy Statements ....................................................................................... 43 The Howard Government ......................................................................................................... 45 Rural and Regional Arts .................................................................................................. 45 The Young and Emerging Artists Program ..................................................................... 46 National Institutions ........................................................................................................ 46 Book Industry Package .................................................................................................... 47 Private support ................................................................................................................. 47 Copyright ......................................................................................................................... 48 Resale Royalty Scheme ................................................................................................... 49 The Major Performing Arts Inquiry ................................................................................ 50 Contemporary Visual Arts and Craft Inquiry .................................................................. 52 The Orchestra Review ..................................................................................................... 52 The role of the Australia Council .................................................................................... 55 Arts Education ................................................................................................................. 56 Labor’s 2006 and 2007 Policy Papers ............................................................................. 58 The Rudd Government .............................................................................................................. 59 The 2008 Budget ............................................................................................................. 59 Indigenous Art ................................................................................................................. 61 The Australian National Academy of Music ................................................................... 62 Resale Royalty legislation ............................................................................................... 63 Other developments pending ........................................................................................... 65 Commonwealth arts policy and administration Introduction This paper attempts to give an overview of Commonwealth arts policy and administrative developments from Federation to the present day. It will not deal with film policy as that will be the subject of a separate paper.1 From Deakin to McMahon Commonwealth involvement in the arts began soon after Federation. For example, in 1908 the Deakin Government established the Commonwealth Literary Fund, and in 1912 the second Fisher Government appointed a Commonwealth Art Advisory Board. In the post-war period non-government grant giving bodies such as the Arts Council of Australia and the Australian Elizabethan Theatre Trust were established with Commonwealth assistance, and the Menzies Government established the National Library of Australia. The Holt Government involved the Commonwealth further in the arts by establishing the Assistance to Composers Advisory Board and agreeing to the establishment of an Australian Council for the Arts and an Australian National Gallery. The former was realised in 1968 by the Gorton Government. The Whitlam Government In December 1972, the Australian Labor Party won office. Gough Whitlam brought to the Prime Ministership a passionate belief in the importance of the arts: In any civilised community the arts and associated amenities must occupy a central place. Their enjoyment should not be seen as something remote from everyday life. Of all the objectives of my Government none had a higher priority than the encouragement of the arts, the preservation and enrichment of our cultural and intellectual heritage. Indeed I would argue that all the other objectives of a Labor Government - social reform, justice and equity in the provision of welfare services and educational opportunities - have as their goal the creation of a society in which the arts and the appreciation of spiritual and intellectual values can flourish. Our other objectives are all means to an end; the enjoyment of the arts is an end in itself.2 He also brought the belief that in 1972: 1. This paper is a revised and updated version of this author’s