DOCSLIB.ORG

Designing for an Inclusive School of Informatics for Blind Students a Learning Perspective Vargas Brenes, Ronald

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Designing for an Inclusive School of Informatics for Blind Students a Learning Perspective Vargas Brenes, Ronald Aalborg Universitet Designing for an inclusive school of informatics for blind students a learning perspective Vargas Brenes, Ronald Publication date: 2012 Document Version Early version, also known as pre-print Link to publication from Aalborg University Citation for published version (APA): Vargas Brenes, R. (2012). Designing for an inclusive school of informatics for blind students: a learning perspective. Institut for Kommunikation, Aalborg Universitet. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. ? Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. ? You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain ? You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from vbn.aau.dk on: October 08, 2021 DESIGNING FOR AN INCLUSIVE SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS FOR BLIND STUDENTS A LEARNING PERSPECTIVE RONALD VARGAS BRENES Aalborg University Universidad Nacional Aalborg, Denmark. 2012 Metamorphosis from geometric shapes Cover motivation The cane and Braille achieved in the physical world to break down barriers and allow accessibility and inclusion of visually impaired people in society. Both elements are represented graphically (color and shape) and used the resource of metamorphosis (change in form and space), creating a process of transformation into a virtual environment represented by squares (pixels). "breaking barriers", cause changes under the principle of equality to the accessibility of a blind person to a virtual environment, providing all the facilities (space, methodological, technical, etc.) To successfully pursue the career of computing. Karen Herrera (Graphic Designer) DESIGNING FOR AN INCLUSIVE SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS FOR BLIND STUDENTS. A Learning Perspective This thesis is developed within: Doctoral Program Human Centered Communication and Informatics (HCCI) Research Center E-Learning Lab-Center for User Driven Innovation, Learning and Design Department Department of Communication and Psycology University Aalborg University Supervisor Lone Dirckinck-Holmfeld This thesis is submitted to the Faculty of Humanities at Aalborg University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Publisher: UNIPrint – Aalborg University Language: English © Ronald Vargas Brenes Department of Communication and Psychology Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark Escuela de Informática Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica Karen Herrera Benavides - Graphic Designer (cover) Marcela Vargas Rojas - Architect (illustrations) ISBN 978-87-89701-02-8 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Working on this thesis was the most stimulating intellectual experience I have had in the last years. Although it was a challenge to move my whole family to another country across the world, it was eased by a lovely and warm community that welcomed us with kindness and hospitality, and I need to express my gratefulness to all these people from Aalborg. Another challenge was the crossing from the academic world of computer sciences to the humanities and it would not have been possible without the support of the e-Leaning Lab community and my supportive neighbours at the university. Both challenges were accompanied and supported especially by my supervisor Lone Dirckinck Holmfeld and her husband Arne Remmen. Without their friendship and kindness, our time in Denmark would not have been as pleasant as it was. We had also many other people who contributed to our happiness, and gave us their warmness, especially our new friends Jens, Pia, and Mette; Paola, Per, Cecilia and Rebeca; Hellen, Erick, Mathias and Johan. I want to thanks the Institute for Blind and Partially Sighted in Hellerup, Denmark who received me with openness and great interest to support me in this research. I also want to thank the project UNA Educación de Calidad para Todos from UNA, Heredia (ODA), for their support in the conducting of my fieldwork Workshops. Along this process I found many people willing to help me with the research, showing great consciousness about its relevance. I would like to highlight their interest not only because they accepted to collaborate with me, but also because this interest gave me hope that I could collaborate with them to achieve their goals. I have to mention explicitly the group of teachers who participated in the workshops in Costa Rica, María Marta, Maria Elliette, Enrique, Sonia, Irene, Maite, Santiago, from the School of Informatics and Mario Carazo and Angélica Fontana. Also, to my niece Marcela and Karen Herrera who added beauty to the design of the thesis, and Marie from the AAU - Language Resource Centre who made it readable. There are people who deserve special acknowledgments - the students. Their inspiration, knowledge, understanding, time, dedication, interest and in some moments passion dedicated to me, made this thesis possible and they became the first motivation to continue, each time that the tiredness conspired against me and this thesis. So special thanks to them. Furthermore, as my family is the most important bastion in my live, my fabulous kids Alejandro, Esteban and Gabriela came with us to Denmark, eager of new experiences, and they never forgot the main goal of this adventure, and were an invaluable support to achieve it. I also received constant cheer up from my parents, siblings, nephews, nieces, and friends, at the distance and in person. And finally, as the icing on the cake, my lovely wife Mayela that gave me everything else I needed. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................i TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................iii LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................ix LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................xi ABSTRACT.............................................................................................xii RESUME.................................................................................................xvi RESUMEN...............................................................................................xx INTRODUCTION........................................................................... 1 1.1. After defining the research question....................................................1 1.1.1. Looking at the context.......................................................................................2 1.1.2. Addressing the research ....................................................................................3 1.2. Theorising ...........................................................................................5 1.3. Constructing data and knowledge .......................................................6 SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF BLINDNESS.............................. 9 2.1. Social structures ................................................................................10 2.1.1. Institutionalisation history...............................................................................10 2.1.2. Non-institutionalised definitions of blindness.................................................13 2.1.3. Discussion on classifications of blindness.......................................................15 2.1.4. Legal history ...................................................................................................17 2.2. Social construction of disabilities......................................................19 2.2.1. The prejudices.................................................................................................20 2.2.2. Social construction classification ....................................................................21 2.2.3. The Hollier classification of social construction .............................................24 2.2.3.1. The charity model ..................................................................................24 2.2.3.2. The medical model.................................................................................25 2.2.3.3. The rights-based model ..........................................................................26 2.2.3.4. The economic model ..............................................................................27 2.3. Summary ...........................................................................................28 PERSPECTIVES ON BLINDNESS ............................................. 31 3.1. The medical perspective....................................................................32 3.1.1. Visual anomalies.............................................................................................32 3.1.2. Haptic perception ............................................................................................39 3.1.3. The boundary between the medical and adaptive perspectives........................40 3.2. The adaptive perspective ...................................................................42 3.3. From the adaptive
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A STUDY of WRITING Oi.Uchicago.Edu Oi.Uchicago.Edu /MAAM^MA
    oi.uchicago.edu A STUDY OF WRITING oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu /MAAM^MA. A STUDY OF "*?• ,fii WRITING REVISED EDITION I. J. GELB Phoenix Books THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS oi.uchicago.edu This book is also available in a clothbound edition from THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS TO THE MOKSTADS THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, CHICAGO & LONDON The University of Toronto Press, Toronto 5, Canada Copyright 1952 in the International Copyright Union. All rights reserved. Published 1952. Second Edition 1963. First Phoenix Impression 1963. Printed in the United States of America oi.uchicago.edu PREFACE HE book contains twelve chapters, but it can be broken up structurally into five parts. First, the place of writing among the various systems of human inter­ communication is discussed. This is followed by four Tchapters devoted to the descriptive and comparative treatment of the various types of writing in the world. The sixth chapter deals with the evolution of writing from the earliest stages of picture writing to a full alphabet. The next four chapters deal with general problems, such as the future of writing and the relationship of writing to speech, art, and religion. Of the two final chapters, one contains the first attempt to establish a full terminology of writing, the other an extensive bibliography. The aim of this study is to lay a foundation for a new science of writing which might be called grammatology. While the general histories of writing treat individual writings mainly from a descriptive-historical point of view, the new science attempts to establish general principles governing the use and evolution of writing on a comparative-typological basis.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Full PDF Report
    Giving voice to blind and visually impaired students transition experiences, addressing gaps in policy provision 1 2 ISBN 1-899951-39-3 978-1-899951-39-0 Contents Foreword 4 Acknowledge 6 Executive Summary 7 Introduction - Research Rationale 9 Introducing the Students 25 Key Findings 35 Research Recommendations 71 References 79 3 Foreword AHEAD is pleased to publish this research report which was conducted by the Inclusive Education and Society Research Group (School of Education, Trinity College) and the Higher Education Authority on the experiences of students with visual impairments or blindness who are moving from secondary education to higher education. In 2008, AHEAD published a report entitled Seeing AHEAD: A Study of Factors Affecting Blind and Vision Impaired Students going on to Higher Education. It posed the question: are blind and Vision impaired children in mainstream secondary education in Ireland getting the opportunity to engage with an education that meets their needs and enables them to achieve the same educational outcomes as any other student. The AHEAD report revealed that these students were four times less likely to transfer to higher education than their peers. It indicated that there were considerable challenges for the educational system that included a lack of information and data, an inaccessible curriculum, an under use of technology and a complicated system of application for supports. The concept of under representation in education is complex and to address it the National Office for Equity of Access to Higher Education has identified the need for greater consideration of the measurement of under representation 1 in relation to specific and identifiable categories of potential students of Higher Education.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report & Accounts 2015
    ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015 A Company Limited by Guarantee and not having Share Capital She is only 8. But some nights Ava turns to her mum and whispers “ I wish I remembered what you look like ” Contents Directors and other information 2 Report of the Directors 5 Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities 21 Report of the Auditors 23 Statement of Financial Activities 24 Balance Sheet 25 Cashflow Statement 26 Notes to the Financial Statements 27 ChIldVision Annual Report and Accounts 2015 1 Directors and other information DIRECTORS Shane Cowley (Chairman) Joseph O’Reilly Monica Leech Daniel Browne Michael O’Shea Christopher Cassedy Michael Monaghan (Appointed 7th May 2015) Richard Ryan (Appointed 7th May 2015) Marian Harte (Appointed 7th May 2015) Michael O’Keeffe (Appointed 7th May 2015) CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER Brian Allen SECRETARY L & P Trustee Services Limited AUDIT/FINANCE COMMITTEE Christopher Cassedy Shane Cowley Daniel Browne GOVERNANCE AND NOMINATIONS Richard Ryan Michael Monaghan Michael O’Keeffe DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE Monica Leech Daniel Browne Shane Cowley COMPANY NUMBER 453711 CHY No CHY817 CHARITY REGULATORY AUTHORITY 20001278 REGISTERED OFFICE 2-3 Terminus Mills Clonskeagh Road Dublin 6 2 ChIldVision Annual Report and Accounts 2015 AUDITORS Crowe Horwath Bastow Charleton Chartered Accountants and Statutory Audit Firm Marine House Clanwilliam Court Dublin 2 PRINCIPAL ADDRESS Grace Park Road Drumcondra Dublin 9 BANKERS AIB Bank Clonmel Co. Tipperary Bank of Ireland O Connell Street Dublin 1 SOLICITORS Drumgoole Solicitors 102 Upper Drumcondra Road Drumcondra Dublin 9 SENIOR MANAGEMENT TEAM Chief Executive Officer Brian Allen Deputy Chief Executive Mary Leonard Financial Controller Gerry McCoy Head of Care James Forbes National Braille Production Manager Ilka Staeglin Human Resources Manager Terry Forristal-Bissett CHILD PROTECTION OFFICER James Forbes ChIldVision Annual Report and Accounts 2015 3 Tom is just 4 years of age, but already he has lived a lifetime.
    [Show full text]
  • World Braille Usage, Third Edition
    World Braille Usage Third Edition Perkins International Council on English Braille National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped Library of Congress UNESCO Washington, D.C. 2013 Published by Perkins 175 North Beacon Street Watertown, MA, 02472, USA International Council on English Braille c/o CNIB 1929 Bayview Avenue Toronto, Ontario Canada M4G 3E8 and National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., USA Copyright © 1954, 1990 by UNESCO. Used by permission 2013. Printed in the United States by the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, Library of Congress, 2013 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data World braille usage. — Third edition. page cm Includes index. ISBN 978-0-8444-9564-4 1. Braille. 2. Blind—Printing and writing systems. I. Perkins School for the Blind. II. International Council on English Braille. III. Library of Congress. National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. HV1669.W67 2013 411--dc23 2013013833 Contents Foreword to the Third Edition .................................................................................................. viii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... x The International Phonetic Alphabet .......................................................................................... xi References ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Blindness and Runes
    1 "...blindr er betri en brenndr séi..." Runes as a Tactile Writing System1 Frederick W. Schwink University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign "Attempts to devise characters which could be understood by the blind through their sense of touch reach far back in the epoch of human progress, perhaps to the time when letters or figures were inscribed on some substance to be read by another, and certainly to the earliest period when efforts were made to give instruction to the sightless. The first recorded attempt to find such a means was made shortly after the beginning of the sixteenth century (ca. 1517), when Francisco Lucas of Saragossa, Spain, contrived a set of letters carved on thin tablets of wood." Best 1919:396 Haltr ríðr hrossi, hjörð rekr handar vanr, daufr vegr ok dugir; blindr er betri en brenndr séi, nýtr manngi nás. Hávamál 71 0.0 Introduction In the spring semester of 2010, I was faced with a didactic dilemna. In a graduate overview of the "History of the German Language," my students were to 1 I would like to thank Brad Blair for his willingness to share his time and expertise with me during the gestation of this project. My colleagues in the Department of Germanic Languages at UIUC provided helpful suggestions and encouragement when I presented a preliminary version of this project at a research workshop in Fall of 2009. Sharon Polomé gave me many of the reference works from her late husband's library that made this project feasible. Finally, heartfelt and sincere thanks to Marianne Kalinke, whose generous support has made it possible for me to attend this symposium.
    [Show full text]
  • The Writing Revolution
    9781405154062_1_pre.qxd 8/8/08 4:42 PM Page iii The Writing Revolution Cuneiform to the Internet Amalia E. Gnanadesikan A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication 9781405154062_1_pre.qxd 8/8/08 4:42 PM Page iv This edition first published 2009 © 2009 Amalia E. Gnanadesikan Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Amalia E. Gnanadesikan to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks.
    [Show full text]
  • Foundation Stones “Foundation Stones” of the Library
    Thompson Library Floor Inlays & Elevator Etchings Foundation Stones “Foundation Stones” of the Library Set in the terrazzo of the William • Abugidas have unit letters Guides to the Floor Inlays Oxley Thompson Memorial Library’s for simple syllables and diacritic ground and first floors are 49 metal marks to indicate different vowels or Ground Floor tablets documenting forms of writ- the absence of a vowel. Devanagari 1 Avestan - language of the Zoroastrian ten communication from around the (3), Tibetan (31), Thai (16), and Bur- holy books, NE Iran, ca. 7th c. BCE world. Forty-five additional etchings mese (#3, First floor elevator door) 2 Glagolitic - the oldest Slavic alphabet, are featured in the decorative framing ca. 9th c. CE show how these systems ramified as of the Stack Tower elevators. These they spread from India. 3 Letters of Devanagari - used for Sanskrit, examples include full writing systems Hindi and other Indic languages that have evolved over the past 4,000 4 Braille - devised in 1821 by Louis Braille to 5,000 years, some of their precur- • Syllabaries can be large, sors, and a few other graphic forms like Chinese (8), or small, like Japa- 5 Letters of the precursor of Ethiopic that collectively give a sense of the nese hiragana (9). The Linear B (32) syllabary (southern Arabia, early 1st millennium CE). immense visual range of inscriptive of pre-Homeric Greek was a sylla- techniques. Writing systems estab- bary. Mayan (44), the best-known of 6 Cherokee - the syllabary devised and publicly demonstrated by Sequuoyah lish the foundation upon which all the Meso-Americans scripts, was a in 1821 library collections are built, and it is syllabary, as are recently invented fitting that these “foundation stones” scripts for indigenous North American 7 Modern Korean - a headline font decorate this building.
    [Show full text]
  • ICEB Newsletter Issue 3, June 2019
    ICEB Newsletter Issue 3, June 2019 ICEB Newsletter – Issue 3, June 2019 Unified English Braille and Math Signs of Operation and Comparison A subgroup of the UEB Code Maintenance Committee has been working hard on updating ICEB’s Guidelines for Technical Material (2014). This document was first produced in October 2008 by the Maths Focus Group, a subgroup of the former UEB Rules Committee during the UEB development phase. While it has served as a valuable document during implementation of UEB, there has been a call for many more examples and clearer rules covering all levels of mathematics. We are pleased to announce that the first section of the updated Guidelines for Technical Material is now complete and available for use in print and braille. Section 3: Signs of Operation and Comparison gives a list of signs along with clear rules for their use and many more examples than the previous edition. The document is available from the ICEB website at http://iceb.org/ueb.html#GTM in print and braille formats. We encourage you to download, read and start using these guidelines. Learning UEB mathematics online In issue 2 of the ICEB Newsletter, Frances Gentle wrote about the creation of UEB Math Online for free online learning of UEB math. We are pleased to report the program is now live and available for use at https://uebonline.org. And don’t forget, APH also offer an online UEB math tutorial at https://uebmath.aphtech.org/. 2 ICEB Newsletter – Issue 3, June 2019 UEB Q&A To “be” or not to “be”? Work is underway to examine how the Rules of Unified English Braille should be applied to unusual words, scientific terms and words that are pronounced differently according to region.
    [Show full text]
  • Artwork Creation Guide Standardization for Digital Files
    Artwork Creation Guide Standardization for Digital Files Artwork Creation Guide Standardization for Digital Files Disclaimer GlobalVision is a registered trademark of GlobalVision Inc. in Canada and/or other countries. All other company and product names are registered trademarks and/or trademarks of their respective owners. Artwork Creation Guide | Standardization for Digital Files This document contains information that is proprietary to the Artwork Creation Guide Group and the legal entity GlobalVision Inc. The work Artwork Creation Guide - Standardization for Digital Files is protected by copyright and/or other applicable laws. Any use of the work other than as authorized in writing or copyright law is prohibited. Contents I Preface ..................................................................................................................... 07 Section 1 Standardization ...................................................................................................... 09 1.1 Standardize on the operating system and its version ........................................ 11 1.2 Create a regular upgrade schedule for all software ........................................ 12 1.3 Standardize on office software ............................................................................ 13 1.4 Standardize on design software ........................................................................... 14 1.5 Centralize communication within the marketing department ........................ 15 Section 2 PDF Creation ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Voice Recognition
    Technical Glossary Adaptive Technology Resource Centre Faculty of Information University of Toronto Accessible Online Learning Tools ................................................. 6 Points to ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for Accessible Online Learning Tools - Online Education Sources ................................... 6 Solutions .................................................................................................. 6 Web Resources ....................................................................................... 8 Alternative Keyboards ................................................................. 9 Points to Ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for an alternative keyboard ................................................................................ 9 Non-Keyboard Based Enhancements: ...................................................... 9 Other Free Enhancements - Windows .................................................... 10 Other Free Enhancements - Macintosh .................................................. 10 Alternative Keyboards ............................................................................ 10 Miscellaneous Keyboard Enhancers ....................................................... 11 Resources .............................................................................................. 12 Alternative Mouse Systems ........................................................ 13 Points to ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for an alternative mouse system .....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Aalborg Universitet Designing for an Inclusive School of Informatics For
    Aalborg Universitet Designing for an inclusive school of informatics for blind students Vargas Brenes, Ronald Publication date: 2012 Link to publication from Aalborg University Citation for published version (APA): Vargas Brenes, R. (2012). Designing for an inclusive school of informatics for blind students: a learning perspective. Institut for Kommunikation, Aalborg Universitet. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. ? Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. ? You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain ? You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from vbn.aau.dk on: April 27, 2015 DESIGNING FOR AN INCLUSIVE SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS FOR BLIND STUDENTS A LEARNING PERSPECTIVE RONALD VARGAS BRENES Aalborg University Universidad Nacional Aalborg, Denmark. 2012 Metamorphosis from geometric shapes Cover motivation The cane and Braille achieved in the physical world to break down barriers and allow accessibility and inclusion of visually impaired people in society. Both elements are represented graphically (color and shape) and used the resource of metamorphosis (change in form and space), creating a process of transformation into a virtual environment represented by squares (pixels).
    [Show full text]
  • Irish Language Scheme 2013 - 2016
    Irish Language Scheme 2013 - 2016 Under Section 15 of the Official Languages Act 2003 Table of contents 1. Introduction and Background Guidelines for preparation of Scheme Consultation Process Working Group Commencement date of Scheme 2. Overview of Trinity College Dublin 2.1 Mission and Objectives 2.2 The Provost 2.3 Management and Administrative Structures 2.4 Academic Services 2.5 Administrative Services 2.6 Student Life 2.7 Services currently provided in the English language 2.8 Services currently provided in the Irish language 2.9 The Irish language in the life of Trinity College 3. Irish Language Scheme commitments 3.1 Outline of Scheme objectives 3.2 Direct Customer Services 3.3 Interactive services 3.4 Websites, Communications and Media 3.5 Forms, publications and printed material 3.6 Information Technology 3.7 Staff recruitment, induction and Irish language training 3.8 Irish Language Residency Schemes 3.9 Irish Language Policy 3.10 Irish Language Awards (Gradaim na Gaeilge) 3.11 Seomra na Gaeilge 4. Implementation and Monitoring of Scheme 5. Publicising of Scheme 1. Introduction and Background 3 Trinity College Dublin’s first Irish Language Scheme was launched in February 2010 and covers a three year period from January 2010 to December 2012. Section 11 of the Official Languages Act 2003 (“the Act”) provides for the preparation by public bodies of a statutory scheme detailing the services they will provide through 2013 - 2016 | • the medium of Irish, • the medium of English and • the medium of Irish and English. The scheme describes the measures to be adopted to ensure that certain services not provided through the medium of the Irish language will, where appropriate, be provided within an agreed timeframe.
    [Show full text]