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Communications COMMUNICATION S FACULTY OF SCIENCES DE LA FACULTE DES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ANKARA DE L’UNIVERSITE D’ANKARA Series C: Biology VOLUME: 29 Number: 2 YEAR: 2020 Faculy of Sciences, Ankara University 06100 Beşevler, Ankara-Turkey ISSN: 1303-6025 E-ISSN: 2651-3749 COMMUNICATION S FACULTY OF SCIENCES DE LA FACULTE DES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ANKARA DE L’UNIVERSITE D’ANKARA Series C: Biolog y Volume 29 Number : 2 Year: 2020 Owner (Sahibi) Sait HALICIOĞLU, Dean of Faculty of Sciences Editor-in-Chief (Yazı İşleri Müdürü) Nuri OZALP Managing Editor Ahhmet Emre YAPRAK Area Editors Ilgaz AKATA (Botany) Nursel AŞAN BAYDEMİR (Zoology) İlker BUYUK (Biotechnology) Talip ÇETER (Plant Anatomy and Embryology) Ilknur DAĞ (Microbiology, Histology) Türker DUMAN (Moleculer Biology) Borga ERGONUL (Hydrobiology) Sevgi ERTUĞRUL KARATAY (Biotechnology) Esra KOÇ (Plant Physiology) G. Nilhan TUĞ (Ecology) A. Emre YAPRAK ( Botany) Mehmet Kürşat Şahin (Zoology) Şeyda Fikirdeşici Ergen (Hydrobiology) Alexey YANCHUKOV (Populations Genetics, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Biology) Language Editor: Sümer ARAS Technical Editor: Aydan ACAR ŞAHIN Editors Nuray AKBULUT (Hacettepe University, Turkey) Hasan AKGUL (Akdeniz University, Turkey) Şenol ALAN (Bülent Ecevit University, Turkey) Dirk Carl ALBACH (Carl Von Ossietzky University, Germany) Ahmet ALTINDAG (Ankara University, Turkey) Rami ARAFEH (Palestine Polytechnic University, Palestine) Belma BINLI ASLIM (Gazi University, Turkey) Tahir ATICI (Gazi University,Turkey) Dinçer AYAZ (Ege University, Turkey) Zeki AYTAÇ (Gazi University,Turkey) Jan BREINE (Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Belgium) Kemal BUYUKGUZEL (Bulent Ecevit University, Turkey) Suna CEBESOY (Ankara University, Turkey) A. Kadri ÇETIN (Fırat University, Turkey) Nuran ÇIÇEK (Hacettepe University, Turkey) Elif SARIKAYA DEMIRKAN (Uludag University, Turkey) Mohammed H. ABU DIEYEH (Qatar University, Qatar) Musa DOGAN (Middle East Techical University, Turkey) Emel OYBAK DONMEZ (Hacettepe University, Turkey) Murat EKICI (Gazi University, Turkey) Ismühan POTOGLU ERKARA (Osmangazi University, Turkey) Agnieszka GRINN- GOFRON (Szczecin University, Poland) Aykut GUVENSEN (Ege University, Turkey) Ayşegül KOROGLU (Ankara University, Turkey) Serdar MAKBUL (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Turkey) Esra MARTIN (Necmettin Erbakan University, Turkey) Mari MURTSKHVALADZE ( Ilia State University, Tbilisi) Carmen Galán SOLDEVILLA (Cordoba University, Spain) Zekiye SULUDERE (Gazi University, Turkey) Filiz VARDAR (Marmara University, Turkey Helena WIECLAW (Szczecin University, Poland) Atila YILDIZ (Ankara University, Turkey) This Journal is published two issues in a year by the Faculty of Sciences, University of Ankara. Articles and any other material published in this journal represent the opinions of the author(s) and should not be construed to reflect the opinions of the Editor(s) and the Publisher(s). Correspondence Address: COMMUNICATIONS EDITORIAL OFFICE Ankara University, Faculty of Print: Sciences, 06100 Tandoğan, ANKARA – TURKEY Tel: (90) 312-212 67 20 Fax: (90) 312-223 23 95 Ankara University Press e-mail: [email protected] İncitaş Sokak No:10 06510 Beşevler http://communications.science.ankara.edu.tr/ ANKARA – TURKEY ©Ankara University Press, Ankara 2020 COMMUNICATION S FACULTY OF SCIENCES DE LA FACULTE DES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ANKARA DE L’UNIVERSITE D’ANKARA S e r i e s C : B i o l o g y Volume 29 Number : 2 Year :2020 Review Article Ş. FİKİRDEŞİCİ ERGEN, Sediment-friendly formulas: a review on the sediment quality guidelines ……………………………………. 202 Research Articles Y. DOĞAN, N. KESKİN, Isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from Turkey soil and testing of different doses on galleria mellonella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) …………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………….. 213 N. BAYINDIR, N. İKİNCİ, Althenia orientalis (potamogetonaceae) in Turkey: habitat conditions, morphology and anatomy ………….. 243 M.B. ERGÖNÜL, S. ATASAGUN, D. NASSOUHI, The fish fauna of a Karst spring; Özlen stream (Antalya, Turkey) ……………….. 254 G. KÜÇÜK, M.U. YILDIRIM, Effects of harvesting leaves from different heights of summer snowflake (leucojum aestivum l.) on bulb development and galanthamine content …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 262 M.U. ÖZBEK, M.VURAL, Synopsis of the genus cota (anthemideae, asteraceae) in Turkey …………………………………………….. 275 Z. BARZOIE, M. ARMİN, H.A. MARVİ, Physiological and biochemical responses of cotton to times and type of stress modulator in saline conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............ 300 A. ACAR ŞAHİN, N.M. PINAR, Pollen morphology of selected allergenic species at Beşevler 10. Year Campus, Ankara University, Turkey …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 318 B. YAZICILAR1, S. KARAMAN, I. BEZIRGANOGLU, D. ILHAN, Antioxidant and physiological analysis of triticale under cold acclimation conditions in vitro and ex vitro …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 338 T. ÇETER, E. BAYAR, N.M. ELTAJOURI, C. İŞLEK, Investigation of fungi spores concentration in Niğde atmosphere (Turkey) …... 351 B. ATEŞ, M. KIRKAĞAÇ, Zooplankton of Sakaryabaşi-West Pond, Central Anatolia ………………….……….……………………...... 365 ©Ankara University Press, Ankara 2020 https://communications.science.ankara.edu.tr Commun.Fac.Sci.Univ.Ank.Ser. C Biology Volume 29, Number 2, Pages 202-212 (2020) ISSN 1303-6025 E-ISSN 2651-3749 https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/communc/issue/55192/752085 Received by the Editors: June 12, 2020; Accepted: July 29, 2020 SEDIMENT-FRIENDLY FORMULAS: A REVIEW ON THE SEDIMENT QUALITY GUIDELINES ŞEYDA FİKİRDEŞİCİ ERGEN Ankara University, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, 06100 Ankara, TURKEY Abstract. Aquatic ecosystems play an important role in maintaining ecological balance such as climate regulation, irrigation, flood control, aquaculture, and especially water supply. Sediments are located at the linkup of the solid-liquid interface, therefore they form an important part of the water body. The purpose of this review article is to reveal the importance of sediment pollution with heavy metals and understand how usage of accordingly sediment quality guidelines and indices. 1. Introduction Heavy metal contamination in sediments is a matter of environmental concern, because of their non-degradable, toxic and persistent features [1]. The amount of heavy metals is impacted by two main sources, anthropogenic and natural, which present metals into the aquatic ecosystem by different sources, such as sewage runoff, industrial waste, and agriculture discharges [2]. Thus, these sources cause the entrance of heavy metals into the aquatic system and they are distributed between the liquid phase and sediment during the transportation [3]. A large portion of heavy metal get accumulated in the sediment but only a small quantity of it stays dissolved in water [4]. There is not sufficient information to determine which sources are most influential for metals and locations specifically. Some heavy metal(loid)s such as cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury have toxic effects on organisms [5]. Keyword and phrases. Sediment, sediment quality guideline, aquatic, environment [email protected] 0000-0002-4623-1256 © 2020 Ankara University Communications Faculty of Sciences University of Ankara Series C: Biology SEDIMENT-FRIENDLY FORMULAS: A REVIEW ON THE SEDIMENT QUALITY GUIDELINES 203 Heavy metals entering the aquatic environment precipitate to sediment and affect the health of the aquatic ecosystem. Sediments are main reservoir of heavy metals. They are vitally significant components of the aquatic systems because they have a long duration of stay. Also, sediments play an important role in preserve the trophic status of the system. The importance of the sediments not only relevant to the transport of heavy metals but also, they are a secondary heavy metal source [6]. When water parameters change that balance will collapse and heavy metals in the sediment will be released into the water [7,8]. The release processes are carried out by ion exchange, desorption, and dissolution [9] (Figure 1). Therefore, it is possible to have an idea about the pollution level of the wetland by looking at the metal concentrations in the surface sediments. Sediment pollution is dangerous because of the food web and finally becoming detrimental to organisms. Heavy metals can pass from soil to seed, making plants toxic. When organisms feed on this plant, larger animals feed on these organisms, by the time heavy metals get more effective in the process of biomagnification. It is a significant point to analyze the metal pollution in the sediment during the investigation of the contaminated aquatic environment. Measuring the abundance and structure of organisms in the area may demonstrate the sediment ecosystem health but these measurements are expensive and requires a lot of time. The ecological risk caused by heavy metals is about to be evaluated different “sediment quality standards” have been developed. Figure 1. Interaction of heavy metals in water and sediment [10]. 204 Ş. FİKİRDEŞİCİ ERGEN 2. Sediment Quality Guideline (SQG) Sediment quality guideline has been developed in order to understand the effects of heavy metal pollution accumulating on sediment on the organisms since the reference values or "background" used before 1980 were insufficient to understand the effect of organism [10]. In the last 20 years, many studies have been conducted that demonstrate the importance of determining and maintaining sediment pollution in order
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