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THE AMFRICAN CATHOLIC PRESS AND THE I SSUES OF CRISI S,
SEP m mER , 1938-SEPTEYil3ER , 19 39 :
A SELECTED STUDY
by
Sandra Collins, A.B. A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of t he Graduate School, ~~ quette University in Partial Fulfillment of the re quirements for t he Degr ee of Master of Arts
Milwaukee, Wisconsin May, 1966
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ACKNG ~-J" ~J)a T~r'!V Nfl'(,
It; "ol""mot ~~no ~i 1. ~ cil:;rr~ n i rll) ':; t f..'C to !): ,Jilliur. D• . 1{i..Um:', lv;.y a<...lvi - roOr en t..td.!'I l roject . '" :'It,!$ boon, as al",,,wl'J, l;t ~:ourc o of':nwl1oc·t" 01 stitlu"
1 Olt:l.on m:1dr;or al t'~>l\! t hJ.s is :u. ii'lf' timo -I:,(') (t·':::Or'~(l(,,! roy on'lt'eci' ti·in to all til "",mbr's 0; U-.G 'll:-.tot"'Y de.,m"t;:v'ot \oImG.:'9 t;' , t'.l"t,ion ro~;h h:l·-t ory h:tVa eontir:ila.Uy, "vY-"!'Ol!(,jwut this pt':)::.t' \~ , ,:o!'c-::cl :~,:? to (iltr",tch r·w mind l'It:'111,-1' than 1 tm,eht otl'.('Z",'1"o hGve done . ':'.'10:' !l:(l,'t'\,' 'or 't'le nU"''''lti ')n$' ~ . 'm"'.1 ... nm;.:~r s h('il'im'!!'l,':', X t.hin'.: , ~l lf1O !~t, ~::.:citinG of u"i.ch t ~ do nnper- i:i1 on(ll indi c: ,~ tj.'Jh ~ iitlnlly, ! \rrl.I'J)'I ttl tht!I1X t ne !1i,~t~lI'll de!,;)rtmOllt f:)f.' Hllo\'i1~t': fit' to n~'· 'i. t'J r;j.¢I'oflll"l l'lIlCh 1na~ , th~·:roh.v :.>liovd.n;· tZli, "..x)1"k to !"X'OCIY{.! rJO th I'!OT'., ,1Jic1dy .am) in fm- rOl"'O OOUl~e(~hal ~Jtmos 11 •. tow ' T,;.' ....01····,~ ...... , ble " '.';':.: .. ,:,,~ .. iii " TAl3U~ OF O)lI1'1'ENtS Page Aeknowledgt!l,m~nt" .' .• • • , • • .. '. • • ., • •••• .. • .. • '. •• • 11 lRtroodnetiob ,j > ...... 1 . '...... • •• • . - . .' .' ., " " • . Chapter I. A. Background o,£' the l?flt'i()d and the PapOl"s '. ... •• § •• .. ~ 9 Xl. The Issue otthe 'W'ar .. .) .. ••- , tit .... '••• ' •• 21 nl ~ AJlfJlr1ean C,atholies and lLlU"Op~al'l Oictat.ors .. .. ••• • • • ,.0> 32: :IV. The Mad,s" 1.'l:leJ$'If$ and tn. Amerlcan Cathc>liOs '. .. • • t • '" h2 V. Nazism. litulNatltot Democtaey ., ., ·•• .t ' . ,•• " ,· ...... 56 Vl. $paint 1'he ~odl'My,s ~ the St:ac;! Guys I' • !to ...... " • u 66 Conclusion ••• ...... ' ' .. ..' ...... "., ~80 m.bli oS:r(llp~ .. . ~ • i • • .. ". e, • • ;. . . 64 '. ' it • " ., . ' ,. .' • . '< .. ~... ~ ~ " 1 " D."1t'tO!1t1C'!"lOt# stud'~& of t h(l Ol'llunil:~ ,(j1),t ~OOC('d, ~ 1!i ~l'J) . ~~ 1t!ttltVitd1.t$l ,~:r 'ican C.w~Uea th.~!f .l,dU(i ..\U"'Q tl'ltHil!l. U,9u. ,SlUt l't"ica't~ or ct'(ll~~,tou!iJ, '$)/ho CQrlt 3t.r ud~i:· '3$ ", I tH'lgl ll4 n'~;)'!§ ~ tlb tttotle:e t~Jl1 Q.1'OO, OaUlol:ltl$~ hils b.(~(:m a grant $'I10e~&$ in 1:\!Ii ~l!'t(ta.l toon :U1 19.55 F~thtlr J,Qbn ft' i1~ ~Q.U3 de.llya:lI'~ ill :paj">e%' ~t st. IJ,) \) i~ tQ. t:..~~ Cat~, U¢ Oo.l\ll.tIlt~$iM On !ht~ll~*i;il, !iU:l.dCultw-{ll Aft,~i''$ ." His tl ~'Pe'r deal. f, 'W1~ ~!£Il' l (1.aD Cathol i c!! and tile 1t1t¢l'Ur;;e tlilal lUll! ~d 'h19 ilt~!ilt¥m~ w (Jashed a 1~8"' SU~~~ i!'!$t>$sd Ct'1ttci~ of . t riOi!itJ e~1.~~l;i fd. !:.1\r. by At.1 e.1:"1¢~t.\ r.ntJ'tl)l::i.c::t. Ellis $tl.id in p.-;t''t: th", 'Iil'Qa~~$'t; ~.~t ~ ,f t, h.1it Gbut 'on ~ this Gl))~t)1'&y U~~ in i til t ui'l ure W p¥"oduae 1'l'iiltiQ !hen;tnEl'~th Cetlt' 'sJOM 'TflQ,¢J! Etu. Jn~ Ji~,t' .m l.):eU~ JUto clw..f<.~d hie 1'G110w Ct.4tJl~ics wd.-th liQi~ tJ_sa1.V 1:'Mpansibj.U ties to the in() ~mpa:ra.bl .~ 'W~¢n or 01J.th.oliC 1 ~)arl"ltn4,h Il quoti .~ hte.rVttilt'oolftt e call.tic quo$t iQn. nl$ 't b{!! f»l'l()l"iable ~d3'1l \l) tlV9, tUcNI1 Cst;ho.. l:1c t \:;t'\ll 1 11l~;t ted ~ ~flIDt'1ca' ~ td4dl~aao-, J M ~~l'lis t Catbol:i: 01$m,. pu~i.. t~ltbe(1 ff oat~1e ed, t dG~l1d:r ~t.ed~ . . '. . 114 ISl Us t"~1tled ~ucs tiott$ and hi$ telll)~Oa:tbQ:U¢ Urt/.i;l lsQt tla1.a: ac:rl~~ bletl to f i nd ant!l Vl!i:t'~ !< tth13rir Qb:s:e" ~ttl.')b.a u13'Q~ly, toUowdooo o.,f three gl.$ ... a·1l1th;0l~(,i$. MlUll' blatlmd t he. tH1fcc!:d. i11SCfloOl ~6i *.O tbgr$ 'bcl.l.O\' st~tu$. OOtltt01\~.:lt1 and ~ 'OeUt'it;.J wa.th thm ~m;lt that they wnt'11!, ,fo.llQ · ~rs r atltltr t h-:tm l Gad:er-s'. Still ()th€ll'"6, Thomas tl'~a tn ptw,Ucul,sr . ~m~Jm'e.d that tAl~ :tc.:tlut'0 ef ~01~ 1,ol1lD 0 ,;:; t11(111)8 'to .'!ie'hie-V0 '\faG ~a~a~d by t Mit' pGt' t1Qul~ a41ju~t , to thQ l'd!StO':r1~ Cti:tholio ticMtt!'i~ hlli!'t;~on t.'l:i $ ~iGrld arA the Ill,~t . ~ first bsm0 1st.~ olde~ .. Aa f:ar back 4llfIJ 1.9P,7,. O~l"g(t Sbl.urter. then n.8.so i1; :w~~r1oa in ~bte h he $t.Q ted ·I I.l~.:lng the hundl"t'ld and t 1f'tiY Y{lHilt''$ 01 _~.., 'ClIDlmWp~ca;f tho. ,Q,,,tboUc· task hall hrlle\t'l to k~fi!P t he fro. 'th IlU,v~to tl1lild. ~p a !Jtoad$oot. soe..1. tyof' ptJ' .a:Cftictng~~ "':rIlil , !.Ifid to do£end ! t seU jl.. ti(tj,llst .oonst;int ®ut!"'.. Nas.Ii}S8$rlly th~ ehall'~t t)rct ~tl pt'im."il14r r$1~1Q\18 tl:d.;!}ld,t!~ bee r~0 ~ l ()fjf)ti et l'l !tith t he rll.tm,\lt t.n$t :ttl1 i';;i.nQQttet'r1ble (!()l'loIIif ,6 t~t '01' tho~~bt ilL");d loveliness h.n:o a f'ttl~d tlj;lonAme:d.. cau Ca tJlo,11ci~ , .. -Ir ..._ .' 14ltlU:8t ,~~rtt.w! qQ~h:ll~p1_ . P. 1.$7.- . . .. ~lS&l",e fl. Shu~t ~r. c:n:~ 9.!l.~1;te . $p1dt 1fi~~~1ca (flew YQ't"lu l'be Dial beGS, 1921>' 'P. ~ . 116. 6lbid., P4 170. .) 'that such ;.t ,situation h~d existed i1) f.rJIil prist 'W(~~ atld~l'~rt.a.~d1ilbl.'S ... iba;t it l1J.)m.d be perp$tua.~) \\'at.f unt(j~vable' . Shust{ll" f elt th~ llent09.litq WU$ " be1r:g 1'~~t;;u~md and that tM roQt Q,'£' tMJ ~vU W~S the. tldue$tiQMl syste1l. tilt 1$ tlQt ael'~lY' th.... t th~ tr0~dons en.t.fJ.rpt"i$f3 Qf. p;woeb1al edillO:atlon n~ .. tlEl Gr.ed ~ C~tboli.e el.:ittltQ e. ~e~dPdJ.l W".d &"~ :in ft'Uittlll <9t'lf.il'gies l1ke SQ_ :m,vinbl.o ,glMt tlpolig '1'..00 l'Ou'titll'! of ped~t~Yl WlfJ it dGll'!'m d th('}a$ W:'1l:)S~t Ust~ing ~ ·tha· pedtl gQ(tY Qt, th.':Lt l€f~d€lrSbl.t) .fte The ilIaco:na theti~ , &t 'l~d thnt it~¢1rl Ci'ln C~t!:IQU e$ 1~e4 an int.ollectual b:)r'itftiiTl'il wtt® t !'laye~ to t be fJrrl,1Xtd Si',atea. ., '!then, t.hGy .It'cl.ved 'they found tl1.$l!>1fl1al'0l11 out.siders ~th beq~Qa th!ey' ~'Qre _i.gr.~t:ltra (md b CCf./.tl'SI:!, they pro ... tessed a tl1.1nority f'1J!ligion,. 1usy have" $'ttb9f!qtl(W.tlj', bC$h Illtf'Utlglir~ to. he- long i n ~ soclet.y sh1dh ~ anded t.l1«i1l aU• ., t<)t'~$ , d:1ti'~Mt" !fheu- l~ 01' .an 1ntell.ec t,u1ll Mr1tilg~ 10~ i t dtff!cult tor tb~ to di,set':.b4tlil.W be-.. tw~fi ~ m r;lt'llecltalld 1:no e$~nti41 ..aee tftlS(* 011 th!$ {{jet er, ~0t' :ter $Oolfjty..fhey g tl'V~ l!l!1ilue:atjcO td.ngueelZp~ 1i:.! :iJ1ddl~ .Ql$$. g~tarial.1S!,t10 v.eluol:J ~j shQ\fad 00 dlgeit"P.I .tQ hQl d IAfq- Vi e~~ wbl1eh ~~nt fil~a t lu:_ di sttnet fro". t h0 grCo,tujflt'Uq. Ca;-t~!nl l" mn-C,'ltbollos ~O' this ~, t.ifJ O\lts~et!n~ eh~$cttwht1c Qf AmoJ"1mm Ctlithol:Le1Wt. ~ll iic1i'berg, 6 J flW" not ed a t'o$1;ller,ablu readlncl'Js woon~ "any • • •ofc nltu'/:'Q ar..G 1nttilll1genC1) 1'.1,) oo:.omt $e w5.\ h $ttlpl.(\:l't¥. stQ~Jin0f.i$J rmd fM;ld1001'1ty, 00 10~ Q$ t he$E! kC:r~ ~thtnthe botmds of .~ ra'llt,zl· to " t {tlf9 l1;uotd:. .n z"tl}r'ty•• f\'Ote$tQ..,t" (fCw,sd ~bcl'" ·i $ ru."i.Uci_* w~1<'.):t·0 ~0 t.h ~ A~t' 1 ·¢an CQ:t',1WIlieIa ~.10 ore i~koni:og tIle Oti\lt'C'll ttl t10W 1~8j,4t* W l\ 1!1... 78. 6 lb:i,~,u P . lah. " • 9Wi.ll . !l ~!I'~rg., n A Jf1W Loo.if.m' nt. Oa~ l:l oo,> Il ~t,)t~;N;M" tVUI (Mq 22, 15 ~.3 ), 11'l ,;.'\.~ .. '" 4 d1rootions?1l and "'lbe iTate.1tant looking for' e.ro4tiy1:t:;y ~i thin C8tl.,licim5'. • • is lo:t'cod" by a1l(i l.wse,. to t .ut'n hi$: ut!.tarrt.ioT:l a~() i\d .. 111'0 " 1'M third aroa of criUeimt 14n ~ cief'1necl by 'rho~as ot Ooa, 1-10000 probiflg ~!l$ f t.]!' ~e profound, touohing on \mnt. ho ecm$ldm'ed to 00 an hi1stJ;)r1caU,y 1ttltu!lt Mllr<1cwlstlc of tho Catholic .lB1nd. O t ~ ll askst 1$1 it tr\'ie th~t ;;~ufl1 C ~l t!\01:1:e. $. are not moved hytt).Q intellectu,l1e.'lat.. lc~nge o£ tile li'IOdct'n ceionf:1fio ,urA :Joll~lm'ly 'tlOrlc b ootWss 'ttley arc tolc;...- 11tplio1tly.. ... thJlt they nlrnAd.Y know~~i1-t.lU '1 (; ~orttm t-..or CQn km~) it in ~6Ule fO~"'Qnd truat itlnt'e i$ ~t.h1J~ ftU'thet"' to look tor'? /U."O they aloouUc\..'$d tt> mt.tlt.' tb~l t to .genuine tn ~l1ti$t\la1 quest is Ulcmt~Htt ible w1t.h f'liith? lira th~ taUf,ht . to eCc~ ~ t~tr~ faith1'lOt as a stimulus to a Cbrlst:1an adf'enture, but a~ a sporofi c? O' Deals 4uestiol!lS' etiaulQted otb€1'S in th1!t ~ ""'lin. Ilu'at av$ t big-el, Clnf _dean Jeau1taskEld it it ~ro ~t a UQl'lc:tl"~ first priMlpl(l for 1\:illW'1- oon C;'1 t.hc11oe that I' th+X)l~ va" t he nom!')! Ytllid 't*aehing 0VQn. :in disei... pl1n('r& OeyoOO theology. «12 \>iao· the (UiI ~,r1eM Catholic il tallght to look spel'};o trulooualy tor 4. g!.v~!') at,t\~t' Gl schcao of t~t''I<'td.nolo~lool coardltnawa wb10h ho can st!.perilllpos& on. t' ~::ll1ty , CO ll O!.1lntrntiJ.lg 0',0 the, ~e.. ·ami i grlOdng t,,'1.e 1'(1000 ol'i ty? n M itJ:~,i gel. &1iW t.hc pre>blo1lt; II}\ Cotlte."I3f;()l;'.E.IrY tbo~<;ht :=at not be ww olyzed for u:'lat it e.:mtll,'w$ hut \;p.dekly catllgor1~d tJ."Hlt it. wi ll f all into placo 1n the, pt'efdbdc ,ate'cl· ~o.c. Once in i ts plaot.l, it. C3D be ignol: eQ, bacauoo knOlf11ng is t'~duced to OI.l togoriz ~ ; Qnd tll· I'Ot\tof!(>t·i.e~) ,*,"f)zoe j 1UJti f:Led oneQ end tor mi . It &.I concluded. i%~li ,tuasUonB ~ prsfevably l'edUCed to old Oll'O!3 W10 het'le';\l they- ,need not be :.ltlS'I:l0n-d atl(tW beeauso t.'lt' old ans~ 1a ll'lrel,\dy th('f%,o. ,,1) lOPbil1P $charpl;1ll', ed. i . Am~io~n . CQitf}Ql'-'@,f.. A.!!.?WlJttl[illt-tJl1! >l4ab .;V1~ (ltlil'fl !O%,~I . lteed & l>4lrd. 1959); p. 15. llTOO'llt!l.6 . F. o. Dea, ft".(~r:t()&nC.thou.o PU~t .~ 1n;~tl~ t~t,Pthf) ,lllt"l I f,;ct\U~ w . (N'~\lI taNa A !~ntor &ega Book publ1sho(ij'by ~ tltlw Altad .Qatl Li brary, 196Z' , P.; 99. 12austave Veigcl , ' •.J .. " I'!Ml~i.cl:ln catholio !ilte1leetual.i~ ·.d\1heoJ.o.. e1:m19 i~ofla e.t1oos, Il Tno a pV,ifl'VJ 9£ PoJ,. 1tj.(;I'). Ill, !to. 3(July, 19S7)" 282. 1)\'h .:4i~ , w. 302--30). ..-:-,,~ , 5 fhh o,ll,ArEe 19.nmst ~~rictm Catholios b, p~,rhnps, th~ ~~t.. deYIM.tta", tint:t of an., h!!eol~ dif'''; to ~,~ n FIerbet'~b i t~';it$' thb ~~Irltoli ial' wl)i,oh el'lnlmd " f<.n(lt'iC:l11 C3tllolieo t.o 1!)~~ the °pr,of;})at:1,¢ s:.Diritlt and produced a tend'S'~~ ey on 't h.eil" plU' C, to lapse iato uprOrlia'tul'$ }lbf;oluti~ . H 'to He:rborg, to ~d¢iln G:liiholioa S~\1 too little OOll:le of standing undnr the conti~'\u i!iU judg;;;cnt of God" vl'lioh so.;:).ttorll a1.1 oul" pt'et ""n"lol'l$ e.nd call" into !)uention all our e35,1 cort-.lwtioa and ,'ils, uC'nncell1 . "U~ or didthb r hot.l(}l/'l(\1%\€J>ll occur hl ~1'1,ean (latholieit'$l? Oif~~ troce:d ,it tc dalo na.ea> ..men t.~i3 'WOrld nO!"~d :U, ttL 0 fiJUrt)OSEl Q,'telJp't M Il .I:tQiIDD Of !~t't:1.f1oati l.) n "no t 'Ot\iJ.ttaM.on in r'I\'!lati .ol1 to ttl!! n~x t .. lil~ der n C", r.,n.. OliOS hitv~ necessarily becr.tl!4e mo a.t iw.rolvoo with !tWa: t..'{wl d" but tioy have ~or lo~t tho~ sense tlu~t it 1s a ptt::laing tiling, of lit.'t:.la e:Jn-.::t¢ ."UMC(;) in ~ t s etruf':tjle to neb1GVo the oti'u.>x' . 'f!1ey tWO;~!"E"fore, tittl(;l int~os't!.Gd t he n0 ~ ''iu (tat1(.tns >Allah at'i ~.f.) in til ~JlOrld $olV'1~ b:>th, p,hY!l1eal iy .~m.d OO¢i~-l:f ., The que-stio.ntJ frQ'm; a transitory ~lOrld Ctlooot c~ ru l~f'.gc th~ ..~r1 - can C'itholiets ~otw .ee't' ti4:tnty that, t ht;' an o~l"S aro alt'0 irl and if t he ,ue,StiolJa do not fit the antlW~~S then it b t he qU0DtiMD, t".Qt t he anGW l'f"~, ub.1oh ~~e "Tong ill Tho res-ul t has boen, acoOl'd1ng to {J "'Pon. Q CathoUc1S':l1 whicb is tormlJl :I. st..10, ~UtMt'ittW1nn ./lnG mor,aUstitO., 1"ht:!~i then. arc WQe' EiXpl~iilt1Glnn for' thl'l1 trtil w"c l)f' 1\lIif~l~ican (J,'4'th ol ies to oontribute to tho:ir oo.o'!l')ty... :m edrteatioual SS'''Jtu r'e".rclrtr,g -3l"ound pedagogy l'tlthN' t ha.l1 ac~lax'flh1,p . ntl 1_i~ :mt t:lW:r1ty unwilli~~ to l(H,\Ye tho sQour1'tty of ttleir l:re'(>J.f ..i!~l P08Cd gfl('ltteJ, ll n theology flhldl taught thllt all. t:~ e qt/:e!~ tiom; had tlt1 .!tlSW()l"od. It tJ«)uld ~ £rotatbe!'!A 4!UliJl:rmes t hat Aalllt' ... ie~ (lathol.:101$$ h.'aS trot been Illl unblerdG~d 8\leee' S~ aftoreJ.1.. \!h ~%"$ does an llisrtJ::t.t'iOD, In'tero$Wd i n t ho intol1ootuGl, $0010.1 a"1d. e ~! lt\tral. t~OWt"lll i :,.volvod ~b~V1' P., 119_ . ", . "/'~ ~. 'n· ... 6 in AOOl"icQ beaill to 'X'bQ Amerl e~ Ou:lt l:w.! 11e· p1:'En!j$ o :l' ,f-&r ~ ,oM ,of t.bel bet t m> '$t!';1:t:'t:1ng points. Goo(l'al l$ ~t pJ:'ess b'!l$ o"'e1') the ofti¢1~ ,(}t ~1...o ti'1tdfJl Qr g:mot' 'tile dioceOarJ hl ~aJ"c~, r et'lecting t h,e v1(§~s of thl'} fd~l'nr c~.. It ~ g Il Uli'PQSe 1$ \<'0,U ~ar:L1led by ~ •.t1 i1 Jatl~ avtne'l'~bo pu.b,i1shoo /'}; s,'tu.d;y ot t he l~eri oon Oathol·ie pr eSg in 1931.. In l:diS 'Q(j, t~,1It~tlon. It!'he t'UUatioft of .a C.J t.bbl1'c p ap~ 1$ t(.). pras&n t inf'() l'.st1o~ .about t he Cmu~cll and ,i t:s laotlvitiea 00<5 to sor'V'Q :a.,~ ~ lI\0d1@ '&br dio(lG(litX, pm"'Mhi4illand lIt~ilIl:'al 1.\\'iN)unfJ.~~nt.$ ~~;J.~1, t:i, n~ f X'OI'l'lhl1g1fJua .Qutl»:riti~' , a4'1 ~~1l Cl.~ '1'-0 ~~li)'S!':l edit4rtal Op1m 0l1G :i,p, OO~ tot'~i t;r W1, th tKfa].e,rn.astic{tl j'U~t. of...... fl l $ ~re$£ltt~tiv'e$ Qf ~ Qectl o s; t 'tJl(l ,diOCQliillll ~l"$ u~dne($ ,i n tid$' .lll tu~ wr ~ in b;.m1o ~0t' Ill ~~nt. ..i. t h B (Jtl~ !ii Did theWIt p t- A tMtatiT8 Ityeefl should ~ ~Y'arl t o t his question. It would be dUtt· eUlt to fmd 1fiJ:l'/ a'tud:;r of' \};!tbJli'ciSlll' ~ .cb did not ,~.~h~~ thil <:lll thori~ 1&$ pl"'ificiple 1n trJ0 M f-lt'1e:an C~tboUe fs· ~p:t"oQ,cll to b.i $ rt· ~i.glon . '&is 1$ trJ.e ~ih$th~l!l' OtlE't ~{;)te1'8 to the new, ·tJe1f,..er1ticlil wrk~ ('};r t he t}"l'lO of' book whiC,b d,qw.t With, the' ~by~d_Qal and hUl" ;·i;'''i~ ~ , ,'~.. ' .,' 1 In fi,\,tl arti olo m-i tten :i.n 1942 by F~t.'1!itl" Tho~s T. l'mAv, , $1:00 '110 ('0 UtJ.lt tl.utilQJ,·it;.¢'1an'i_ tmd sa fjf.YOS of CathoUe n'Ut~l'i tyJ thO pt"o~eBa of t.he Cb,\lrch :iJ:1 thliJl Am11'l"1.enl\ 'n ao- tion io b" ;>H8m:"aDl e only by tho tw.~nt 'tt,> t1bid:l tl:l!$ CrJ'tbo11e dot'lil'inl} l.S accepted Qn,d theM "a-er iUlfJtlt.tJ ate USf.'O 'by thlli multitudes of tho. ril 1t~rul . 1! Pid A'I\(? rio ~n C,1i/l.,hol1ea agr® tbi;!).t t.1ii ~lSOO~ 01 the~ !",dth 'WIS its 0'looent.."'t or Ql)tJlO~, t8f' iania~ ilnd M crn't$t\ittt,<'\rio.n! $'(? t~t~vor t hought eo : It is t.:-ue t hat tl It \\1O-uld. 'ba poslJibJt. to difficulw. , 1'n0 Cl}1'r&nt orlti cl~ oJ~ the Met'drc1Vby Pl'lloti.cing l .-:.Ylilan 13· .. ~ rhonomenon Qr t ; ~e t h:f's. V.'1t.lt:;ut. qUfls t,ion" ibeo1'(\.t' as ~.t extend$to 1001' thtm tIe tntullaotu..al ~~t.~ illl·'hlj fioing,8t 1nsof'g. Q~ i t i$ o.·'(pr~s~d 'by ptlJlO. t ;i,Qing Cathol:tos., t h11 phe'OOl\sno:n ~ts fJJ ftl" ~t for Ain~d.ean (btbo11es. Did the3.r f'Onitt.U" 5il0rlCe incliol:tto- 1ndi£f'I'!!"Q:ilce. laelc of '1nfl~.nca of th~ t.$~lli."lgs of t h~it' hier~t:)hy on their da:tl.y ltV" t\"nd 1daaa? Jude',ng by tho grow~ of ~ppo1't j'-N':Lc ~t1 Ca:t.holloa havog:l'ven to t."'lQir ohm"eb" ter ex ~ple ~ :lacri.tiea:8 th~ have made to t'oSf(md to t.h1l oall of 1';ho· hi t'l r~o.V for a p tWOGl.''l101 ~ChoQl uy~ teru ) t t wctlld $fYmns t.h~ t tb~ did i~nt1.t}' "I( ~y 1auoh ~~i til t twir reliftion. tloneof t !~0 $1ii ~~nt$ can p:rov ~ 'that th~ American C thol ic f.>i'&afJ ","'eflec -ood t.l:l() th1.I1"':i~g PtlbH~h(ld it. I t would be aposeibla to kr.Ol<: lrt1.th .C1J1"tttinty if t.."de is trclO. 'l.6tho~i'a3 1' .. '~ AvO,Y', .C.. S.C, "Tho, Catholic Churon. in the 'Uni ted st at e. &t~.n f ;;.'O l'lQt'e, .,. '\1l~ RcW!(l'W 0' rO:U:M.~8. IV (1942), 409 .. );.0. "';', ..: ";"'~ ." (3 pm-tieul ady tf,~ ai le-%' (1 OUb$ ,nnttol enough b s ~$,son w.'1 j eh t.owrk until 'I1f'iltwonod by n oo~" .' inair~ht i nto 't.be t'e1 !1tiotlnbip of tho t.:; hts c ~t' e h .. A g ~~ ng th ~t t h& Amer!tnn O ~ tholic rreas Can be con~d~ e d a vnlid l;;'Xp :r li! ~l eiC}n. or t he \) \:l~.1o()k of tb", i\,-:'Ql" i (~3.n C~tbol1e ~h o r oud i t or 1iIho .a ¢cop ~d tlw aut.i".Qr i t,;, of the h1 C'r .:tr'chy~ l.t s..~ it gOQd sourco of :tn rOit'i'\(l~.:.1cn f or 'tOO hia t<)rial'l i nter;nt ed 'in tho i\~ nr ic :.ln C,"':! thollc., s tuqy ;.;iJ.l ootlContrat e on t1v~ (htbOlic pap ~l:'$" !'Qln;' ot '\ the :ste3t' o f f.'4Pt~bor , 19 '1:l- Sap teJlb6:r ~ 1939. Thit; perted tm3 COO9ell t::t')c ~m~ ·h!G ~Jhei'l r.mn ~ c ¢ill lM upon to t.o.~c ~ s tand. It i s v.ol'th'whUa, in V1r,; 'ri of th~ ¢ur r-~nt cl~ iUo:Lmm or i ean Ca't.h:l l 1e1$I..· t-;" :Qb st"x VQ SOllie P!' thf' obv1ous $EU" ~,9 of tno$Q p~ (lJ."S dtlr 1m~ this period or ,cr 1Sl, S~ It must be eIflPba91~ed, how""~I' , that this thesis is I jmitcd by £R"l'VOral f~c wt"$ . Fit-stU 1$ en ,ex1:r(Jt'lely seleot i ve 3tudy. 'I'M Vi~ws in t hase paper's __ e *lot necess~Uy r epr01leatutive of oth.. Clthol1o p~ q.,;rs Of the ~riod l> c-eonclly, it i.B impossi bl e without a balancing fttu.d:l ot, £ar example, lJCw.1l.u M !.tIPl!iP\!WS, to know Wh&'bller t he 'ir:i.ews :t"en1!!ct~d in t hese p®&rs It'epres&nt b.,Q th olie t hinking ao such or Americ/lft Wnldng in generlll. Finttll,. t t1e96' fl >iPI!f'8 ''*rti !ntm-es-ted :!:n reaohing the aY li!:r!le (lathol.io. They do not neee$sarily X'6present t ho tbtuki:ng of oth~:r Catml1c8, sncn as t ho se in th& c.thol1o ','fi):tl,(er lOO'nWleat or in t t'ietJepar t merlt of <':001 31 ActiQn of tb$ tl:at1onal W,lf are Conf erence, • V)rkedWCd!!J8'tully to 1nflucmoe lnbor, man..gement AUld social leglsltit10n and wI'» were i nfluential in loOal; state, nnt 1onal. @d intel"nation$.l aftidra. i::-;~ ~ 9 " CB.'U'TM 1 A l);iOKoo.C)UfJD Ol'~ THE fil'Y.!OD AND 'rHE PAf?1l."iS It is Q tt'Ultsm to SUltkl t h.-'It the th1ti1o.s 1$$ a d~o titde (>it wisis Qnd (Fent social il,.hang., ih t be Un! ted Sta:~es. 'l'.hi:; Uo t10st $1~H.'1Q~Jlt .ev!!'nt.a were the l1'}:'eat det't'~tu;t1.on and i'rurope' s 1T!Etxorabl.e "'ilQmoottow01"d a s...~nd wrld unr. In t he' Un1 ted States t ho p~tod ws cwae~1ited by nil Qflteni.sbing (FOwtn i n the· eeope .and pQW9!t'EJ of tb.e lll.ttlonal. ~OV-ef'n=ent. 1i'sndn8 became 8J thmtlU5fl(i tndtl$'flry. l .r:tbox> b®a\lI$ Qrg.jtd.~ ed and Q, pot;,ertul 'iloiqe in AJ!4{~I\\Can SQCiat y... The til'st-chango; oollpled lil'1th. thl!) ~'es41()tl. ~~tUlly C at~ tIIOt"(O prObleMs th<$ 1t M.Stilflt'od, . r(6)ll ted in amOO$ -exod\'lsto t."le cUills. '!'he Mcond !!~k.ed 4 T'E'leognitlon t hift for d~cr ftC1 to mJ,cceee in 00 indu$tr1~ SQc1et'Y 11'1 ~8t be bll$OO on eoopt'n"tJtionj notl:dftSfm-taire 1ndep.endet"~. Old WflY$' Q·f thi.nktllfl wer ~ ti'rom o$1~. !'~UielJ uot'ebroken up !as olllildr$n b.ao~ ~irt) IIObile 11M 4t1 b:· adlt ~.()ncil f7~il:r actAv!t.f)$ ~Ol"~ ~. ~ptoo by Quta1deor~ at'!1Mt!o'l,'l S" Orgs.n1ted rol:tgwn deClif)~d in i ntluence 1 aD ~e'n oouf,ht M w ml~r~ to no", probl:ea:s. How did .-rtonn Catbol1c8 face those pt'ol>lss? Aecord1.'ng t.o McAvoy, ..... \it t he ! l.rBt :end b M lc probld: QG t~ the -pr'tlst!!rvatlo'n of Catholi c OOf]lllQ :!'rom the att.tlQka o! 1lO4erniSD, and thll:i f ostering of t he inet'6:usod U81) or t he &cw ~i$i)nt$.J1 , Catholics WQra to "st;udy t be .131b1('1, t.o oulti~ate. t ho:tr love ot 1101' a good ~t7 ef the proul emtt. of the pcr,d.QO f\()~ \,4.Uidm l"!eld..1n€t I;l gbm~n" jl.OQl' a.OQ, It 'nta At!i~ieru'1 ,Jout'nai. qf SoQ1Ql()~ XLVII. }b. 6 (~, 1942), 00}-816. ••• , - - ' . .' i . - ~. ";" .' ',;\'" ~ 10 ~ Cbure,b, to pray, to att end ~S~ and us e th~ Saer ~t :wotl't a t,t/Ore $p$C1fic !"t}spons.e ~ triO ¢·nrrtmt tlnl;l U:r,g~ l):t. rocinl r:x'0'ble';\'\zl l~di a~ ly l1£'ter t he end 01* tbrld. ~ I. 't!le Pop~ l~:d Of¢n~ a; O®crOil Oo=! ttee on~,thali.c iU"1'a,i;rs nM litt.c:rest-o tQ study t,l\Q probl etrt-f.11 (,) f p.ost UIW rGcorr«truction in t he un:! ted t;tatQ$. t i1is eo»~lttt~~ fUnc ti'Jnod thr¢ugl~Ut. th. t~nt.1 e9 and thil"ti~$ . F;~l ye$ :it p~ld a nuti.onal c'.m i'cre.nce on i ndu9w1al pr o~l.~ which kept a1:tve .. n.ecording to ~lcAVo:r, tlla tr\lditi<)%l t hat t-ha ChIlre~, ~a:$ t he rr i~nd of the l~ni cln,sc$s Md Il gt'Q Lif ~ and tl);~ liat i ()ft91 'i!",tholie 'I:~l f tlX'o (AIlnl'e..-1JtIce . All the Vari O\ls Ctatt hol:te ro.. ~t .d.ttee$ ~od .as an idc ~ tJ)G mthPt"t(4looo t ion of :'1u9 Xl tllat t l'U"l"G rust. b{'} a HC ,gr ~ or C:ltholl,c 1d0a:ls into all bQse~ uf h!.m,un i ntlt ~ sUFPC:t'wd 1.$001' uni onsl t§ tQod lagainllt. both 00!'l1flNn:ism and ~~get"(cl te:tl Mti..¢.n:cl.!am $d 1 r,t11u~d itovGt'ruUIent fl p8 tetnalJ._" in th~1r l1st of eon-damna- tiona .. IAlring thl·~ pet'iod tho 11t.urg1 cal ~'V~t gained mtmGntutl. fh.e ll OOtu'QEh, ~I.' e g!;y on tlttnt .init ial ,~ ill t~s and $lb!1!e tuent authc:r-ity 'b!r tn. h1 l!tra1"ohy~ ~P$ ,suel) 319 t ho CathGHo, \>ii)N Gr', HcA'li'QY- S~ted, o!'i"Gl""d an 21.1cAVOV, P. bl2. ; !bid ." P. 1~27,. ',:.'\~ .. ~ .. ,.. " .. u Ql1tlOt for t hoS!) whe bcl.i ~Ned the bicrare'!\y t.w..roo too $lc'lAy. 1'h1f,f llte't'o t'tot, hO;UliWOt<, reqt>l'(e 34)nt.sti:!l~ ~ha."l; C ~ 't:!mlie:$ .. .i These p rogt ~$ g <~v~ th~ CsthoHcs d1r~Qt:iQn in ilf'.y Iltte!l1pts th,,1t' l'l~htl _0 to a1d the l:m"~ >ll l'. th$ ldbot'$'., t hn fatd ~:1 or the S.r.:~vidus.l . , tintOI·... t!:in$,t9~, QCcord1ng to A.a:C'otl ! . 4'0.11 in his (ttndy ·().f ti!tt~J.·!ero1 (icrt.l:'.oUei_ ~nd >socia.l action. tho pl'OUr~$\f,U!'a nG\' (}:r cf'.rac~ve . l'''1,r:'ft ,they 'tf.it~d sub- I'Mlx'ged in 't ill/! P.Qo t.. t.af CODSf,M',ltd..$ l!; at'ld s l1.\condly ~ wr~ ignored G-y t lwGO 'Whom~theyt;C.·G supposea to. s~nYa ,.4 ,my the llllCk ot interest'! ~'era the progr4flio $0 i nane, so bol.U"{leOidt On the ~ntrt·il1"1 .. the ntl'tii. .. Ctip!tJ,&l1$tie and Christian ~ct'GOne:lbt PQs:itiotls of a g:roup Uko th~ Q;)too1i.c Wlrk'et> \\Ii:J;h r6vcl;utio:n~ " A$ 1"0:::- t he off'1: ;j. Wher()\fe-r th$Y l:Jei.'C t aktin G ~l-'*icYusly, t he l~l} CiWIO ,1l1.va nr.dthe Church WQ,S revt ta.1.:t~~d .. , ~.,l t t heso ·(It~ro ia'Ol r:. t()d p ~ reWaa). rom0 1ln$t:l!i;lra. l"il;e five papet$' c(ms1l1$'od ,a!!"~ ~t» ~"i411t Tubl~~ 'ct·..,., ~7:' ''' '''.. '' :: .:. OUr Sun4'1':; V1st~l\". FM ~c~ C~tnoltC fi sk"t ood ~te )J&~2£~", f(fie fit'lift four {we d1oe~S$l publicat wnm w T~ 1:O}U'l'{tj 1l\1:l $b~t1 'in 19'06 by thG a~r~nd: F.J." Hetll y. From ,'leptem bor J 19)8... S&':'lterlber) 1939 ~ the 'r~t tDld betwscn ,h,OOO and 75,000 ln~ra P{;)i' ~$k to 1t~ 'f.\r0Qk1$n aud1ance '\Iho bcujbt '" oft M l" llt t he ohurch ¢ioor cr by mba=,i pt1on • .e; SCdnn,. ManllgitlS }~~i'i.tor ·ot ,fn, 1!mB~1l!l T a\~l.~~; '.';' • .t ., :..;'~ .~ 12 A 1953 bcOldQ't publis.lJoo by t-hI!!:Tab),(l,t 1" .cO\1\~~rs:tion of th.~ lOOtlt "'~~ annlVGrtt~ of. t.~o B."'¢o~lytl d1.Qc0se 8\~tm3d t-'P the purpose of tho p;l!;>G)r in A- thi!!l "WGY f esides oft(lf'ing liffi avenue of cOl!ltr.unieat,iOJ}.-- :and the only p~bll e one.. .. b@t,wlln the OJ."'din ~:r or tb~ t3.t?ce:s~ and t tl$ olnr-gy •. lialiaious •.ma lo.1t1. ~ Tabbt" h t.!ll unrel«i ttingly sou~ht, 1. '1''0 rol.low oloscl.y and to :pro. r..ote con - atco.tly the· ooctdnQS' 0 ,( tbb ·Church Il1'ld to r.ender loyalty to th~ Holy .{t',l;ther and hh decrees and to t he Bls.~p of t.qa t ioeoS'G ~nd bis pol1oiea} tQ uphold nt Q11 ti.. ne ~ .oral value I'! :lS well as rel'1gious teach ings and to OPPOM t-ho~t1I forMa which oppoSte l'IIm'ulity and t'eligion.. 2. '£0 propngood1ze ~ar. d ~WOt" t all ~c tivi.t1~e 'Of the (''buron ... '" '" 3. 'ro inspire, eJido U~l1ee, (m'f.:'i oh ~nd ~nl1Oble t he faith of our t'$arl~1'S in Ol' dro!' thQt t hey may 00 batter' Catholics ••• • 4 .. To. prT t~ thG best intel'Qf) ts oi: th Un! t.ed SU~ tes nno to OP;pOS(/ het' el1 !.1J!ud.. em. tr t/hllt W3-e the 'l'ablet 4f '¥'i'e~ of its pl!tt' sonai function, this 'W.1Q i t s , , -- " vi.t:l!.! of t ho function of the Catholic press in gen$'l'nlt "In promoting trutb and justiC€l., in pronah1ng roli(tl.6u, ~rallty- and p~ltr' iotiu* i n defttnding r.i~r1¢ 3;n l nsUtutlons ~no t he i nsU .tuti<:ms of ral1don end in OP'Posing .ro r~$ 1'den 1':).1."1 :.It t.~ey. deotruet j.on., t he C',lti'lol1c preslll b above eve:t";ythi Jlg else, t ho ohampion of the I>.'la.«tm~ or or The 'l'.l~~.. then, viewed itself as the Ilavellue of COI1JJ'll.un1Ctlti.pnu be~ t';Jeon tll.i)or'di.nury oHi0en Il.flG the> t~ Q.C.~ing· 1J of tbe CW~ch as inte.f"pl'oted by' the diocesan looders. fiat only did th" Tablet• pl"OtlOW the pooII> d 'Of its churoh, it prOItIO w d t hff ,;ood of' its country \. ell. '1'be tablot (Jaw no eonfllc t of int~1"e $ts bet \'.-aofi tho two. As the fablet saw it, ~t \;ft'l1 go.od for the Ch1Jt'Ch WllS good for 'tUle ste".l to nod wh3t was not good for tbe. CbUl'ch wn.s, eonver!f~. no t good for t llG Sttlte. tin articl e pu'b11ohcd on ~~ 20, 1939 d-O ltllt liI1thOXlch 4 r-otctlttal contU.. ot-- frttt'l>dom of s,pM ch. the 8SW'litpt!..o.n waa that anunlialted frc~ doJll of spe~ CIb which ~ight be ha r~rul to the Churoh would aleo be h~fulto York: ,~~ , 1) the state" ~'o:r exac Catholic viol'ffl was lm1tec:l by- the right. of thG C:i1urch tI',) do~",n~j lOYl'll tv to " its tWc:rces it fQUo 1olOO th,at t he d eht of t..l-;~, libertU.~eriQ3 ft to h<:)ld oi- vo:rg.mt Mt.e1'1o~ vio~ wao limited by tho r iaht uf the state to &iYr1l,,md loy iIlltl to its .st .\\lnd.I!Wds,. 1'0 ooort. t.~ e tebltft det'io@d l\tll;tritUd:UgJ'il 1n tbo~e ter ms ~Il.lich wtm:ld ·mak ~i' it cOlllPl;ltiblt't 'Il1ith the 1'ilbl,et', dtd':i.niti on 01' Ca'tnol- 1ei.. Anyone, ther efore, who !:laId vl$'W$ ~"hich 'fTel'G no t compati ble lii.tb CathO l1oisa 'O.lOuld ~~ b~ hel.ding v im~s \lb1~h, nccol"'di !'.\G ,to th0 ra.b;l..@ ~ were tb t OQtl\p ~tiblo 'loiUb Am "'rio an l~ , Cr>nsc-quentl.:r, lI$tmming; ihot t hE! ~ tatl.fl bad t he r j,ght to protect it5~1£ , Umy wuld not hav (1 the r :l.«b t to froodQlll.· of zPMeil. 1'ne Ta\>let $IlWllar1~ ed t he pro'bl~ :tn this w;y: tilt th~re st"e gl701 ~P$ in t his cOl.mtry us1n~ t he ,~~ ican :ft'eedO#l 0''1;' ~ Crll!:Ch to set up a r e~ime Q6 -y mid itU139j,a , whioh countt"ias 6at'lY t he t'if! ht ()£ £NJ0 spoech, t hoo thr!!e'8 i nd$Vi.du.1la al'lOulo not be aUo ~d uneont rolled tt"eedil>1!iQt apeeoh.tI If · tb~ t"ights of t»f.1;oo CGthol1o A.l!ler-ieans, to holcl divergent '9'i e~ t~limi ted,. C ~tholic Am <'!rl.OmlS had (. YEJtl han :r ight to tlisagr oo :wi th tho cs'ttJblbhed ~~ tOO:ri.t.y. 1Tl an edi tori1l1 w tit.led tt\\b/lit 1. n tib~.:r#l ' ~thcliC?" tho' :l'Siblet anower ed that he i~ ~lone vho d1ftett's It''Qf;t t.~e Uol;y Fat h~ or on ~ who seta his th~ories UP contrary to t.~(!\ eccepted V'iGtl0f the Cn tbolio people.. flS And. woo deoid0d \'1hilt was the; accepted 1fi@l'l" The h1~.lX'a.."'Chy ooc:1dod and the ?ubl ~l, us the llaVtOnue of ooltd1Ounic fl ttotif prOlW.Jl gatod tb~ a~lJPte d V'ier~ . latkind of pos1tton did this vi.eli ~nQ o\U" J.ee Cat.hOlics to noldj Judg1tlg ~the quoteft in t he pr~l'viousp. a"i".1et'.np h, 'iibiCb wero t-J'f,d.eal. of the 1't.lble t . O... thol!es ~0, cmoouraged t o Yejt)ct. l1b~t" a.l eon.o$pt$ afJ III 'thr til'lli t 'toootb t..1)~ Church aM their oountA'y. 'i'hew ~r l' ~c ted to be const:l"nttva and ..~ 6~t;l t;l) S$pUlMf'r 24 .. 1938 . ,; ~ .. !...... lh ~eap ~towt.ooX'lty.!.rM$ pOG1tiou ~l;,m nat onl.y t!a:~ Orltll hlald bY' good C.t:l. tbi:) .. li.C$l:iut by good f.Jil lt'r1c ~rm .Iil$ 'lIo~ll il " lhel3Qrston J~:il¢1't>. too, s@ !~d miiJ st :i.rft~~'€ ~tt:;d m. ~ph .:t s10 ;ttlfZ t hlilt gO':; d • • .0 _. , " . F . . (ht:boU · C~W{ll;J synOflDt)'ll!. 'WitJll tlt»d .tJ.w;Od,o IiU~i.", eill,~H$ as the' Qloo~t C~tbol.io MHS;::~i~) ("i\' i n tktil! l1nit.ea st .i.i t\l}~, . the Pilot 'If'd$ :~~'l1.m dttd in 1a29 1>7 the ·~:.mr_d • rA .uar{~ .1. Cl.i\!lpbell. t~:kG t.he 1a;~l et it is art of'tiebl (li t'Jee$' f bls ortent.ution 1m b~'!>'n by a C39ual t~$il1tl~t;\.on of afflf or ttlf') ir;:jua$ PUbU~le.d dutitl Ue\4' ez.\~eho~l ovakiQ B't,',<, Vef'y' t~~U$ . ulO A t)"fi~> ¢i\l. ~t1~e @:d.tlg the l-);).. l1sh d:"itiJi$ •• )3.~ luladed n{€llLlig:to\t& stud1 Course lt~ ttibll e!1ed in Po.).:ro<:t. iJU \ttt.~10Ut 'l~e'lt.:1Qn . tb.o r'lfo1 eonN.l'l:~d itt/elf to n$trietlyrolig~,t1US viefrJ I)'f ~rl d e<1'fmlts et"Ot1 1i' i t (ltd not e-;:Il''l.N.n~ i t S'~:f to !Jtt'ietlr reliq;:!.puG e''Jllln i s .•, Did tl:l Gom~utl;i~~ oe¢,QUOOi oC/!); wa$ O~thoHc. One must. be Qiii3:inat 'to'l"ll .i'l\$ w~ll be.- caU$e,t.hey' ,.~e" u ,n,..AN~t'ietln , flattY ot tnt; pt.lot'o i\tftiel~9 l.audc1d the (trent 'f ~ , ~~r:to .n:l J1cyet_1J Qnd, :!!!lOr' €! to 'tM polnt, the' ~, oe $l'l'j, ty of Pt" :) ~t,1rle it st~u inst thi$ nt'iteietie forces t)U>1"t'ound1.ng it.. It \iI';g,$ in thin ~(.. a toot th~ Gathou'c prIl)Sx"'ef'f.~r~~.d OM of i ts' l'liitH91;. V'alu~hl fl a~"'!IiO'es" ~tter JirQm t.t.:te Right- it_ orand ~A:'; ,lJ$ignQr li'l'Qnei$ J. r.... .!ll,y, ~,tor of T~SQatoll F1,l.$itl, ~~eh3. 1966. " . ~ _ 1 _ ~ " ,. l°'l'he l3Qston, Pilofl. Jsl'luru'Y 7, 1939" UlQ~ (J " $'fi;bs:'u ~t"Y ll, 19"}7. ~ . .'~.; .-.. , ',".~'i'~ -~ 15 TM deYelep!!l{l)llt. of thougbt he~ WIlS int'~~Ga,tine . In &ptcm-bsr , 1;9.38" the Pilot prnisfJd. th~ Un1 . t~d S~tn$ ibr rlrotscting t.l-):~ ChUlrcn. ay D~~'l1b\'llX" " of t :tat yost" 1 t 713 1'l t he Cb1lnh: which pro tee tc~ the um. ted '1t.atsa by'stre$lJing those vit"tuea which :tl!ladeg('Joo dGK.(lcl'Gt-s. 'taev~t"enoe for the fbly ~~~ e: !las an irHMf.:t.!lblfJ a~ ooc laticn '.:HID t h!(l vi rtues wh1ch are in the last. Oloaly$is ti'..e iUpport o f t~ nepUbl1.e. u12 Tbe -Pilot cili d Qo e ~$loncH,y ' condt:li/lD: th£)s j~ el(ltJmnt$ .of tmti.. ChM.stbnif.y weh ~r' e cont£a$n.~ in an· un ~:x a.mint'!d M1f'll:'1 cnni$l'A. I't su ,r~est.e.d cno~ tr.at, A1tel''1c Blo''le Ulight $pond m:>,,'e tiJllo ref orming um. t1... 0hrL1t C.lp :!:tnl1$I\l 'JbiOll t hey 1tvI) lJndQl' X'at.h(1l' than. ., .. ;;mti.. Ohriat Co1l'/llluniSl.1 tJh1eh t.~~l" h W G only r t} ~.::rpite !JUob s t ll ~!&nts , toe predominant attltude of tho f ilo}: ~~tJ i,luUe ai.~ il<:ll" to t:na~ of tbe 'l'ab~t . ltD vid~ of oR tho'lic1_ \i1i:U1 oonsol"Va- ti1'fltmd au~ritQrbn; it fc.:vO!i'ad an ..'\H r ic;m;tSSl JlhichWhl.?l oonOt"rvat.ive ~d ~ic"b fllaintJ,11ned t he st "ltU5 'I.to; tt ~~t"1C f4 could be lctep't on the rigllt :rorJd<.. ... ilnd t ;\\l f'ilot . W()ul ,:' do itl PllIl"t b'j' t".Al"nine it, of $UbV'fi:l .L" 8iv ~ t~r ce$ of 'l'4hicl\ it!'l1~ht not bc& IDf~~ ... 1t co·llld VFIf!Y ~ll 'h aoof4~ Goat s Id.r.i6®'l'lt on 01l1'th. defined 'by the rnot" ~6l.·io .w isll W~ not a1aply ! ",tty of life; it could very woll bacotta tAG' way, tl'O!)l which tA1t3' at,tempts at dnvi,atlQt1 oould o.nly be the wol'k 'of the PrwctJ 01' VNU. 'lbis theN,. that Ctlltholici. wa3 the ohalllJ)ion of Ime!'iean1,,"Jl."! 4llld :1 te: p!ltotI&Q\:.or from $Ubv$f' ~iv0 t'Ol"ces. W{l$ i&'Opule~d cCn'lllbt€'.nt in the PUQt. PQrnapa Oil. $pooch by \\\11.1_ Cardinal {) t o.:ml1elJ " 'tQ IM.en t.hft lfilQt gave 12:rqid." JUn(J 10. 1939 . 1J..lbitl., r'ebruary 25. 1939. lblbid.ll 1\U€.{U5 t. 26, 1939. ",';" ,," .. ,~'i.~ -~ 16 pr-im~ '-'Pace, ~ar1eos this posi tt Qn. 'roo Cat"dinal SU'O$fled t hat, jn these tiQ;mt; lil'tfal'i r a:l.~ J;>a.ti'iotrl $marm ~rttf'ici~. h1 :':ltp..ria ona al'lf~ Gr tt' ~ d:ltiOflal ~.,... " ~nt f Or-ll:r, boe!lUSe of i n:p3tienee d thoo?'leti,t,utlonal pr::':CCS3C!l e.t t he !itilll'iO t1m:e ~6 Of.hors, lJ'JPPOs.oill.y c!lnl'lpioning the goVttrtllltmt, delibe:r-ately unde::: ll1ine it" the-ro W3S t,h('!< , gr~atgs t neod fo.r art c!'g nl~ :5. .I·Hltionsueh ~1 4'J the K*hts Q.f I"plumu.s whi,.oh ..1 " $ tlr(UI,dy to de,f~nd t h(J3.r conntry flO matter wha:t the s~1- fi<:c" n Organi~~t.ionG such o.s t.lle 1': , of O. uoulid not squnnt'ier t he..lll8alve$ on p$ttl cl.m nes. but only on ! ~crv~id.'1~ :f\l);"~S or SOlQl'! occult inrluooc$$ Uk$ CQf)l;.'Wni$lit or rt\r:tt.e~ui. $'Iil •. " . undat" 1'ho Pilot.. th~. l ike t ha ~ ~ib'loJ; Sillil ita C. t,fiolie1sta e la s~ly relatoGcl t» tl'u {» l.ll'l~r1c :itu. t'I.~ . No eonfUct b:utween tj7 ~ t 'll.(l. 'Was .tX>~a:1ble 'irs, in actual itW' OM vas :JdJIlply ttl'1/) tomtoral ~rcIJ Si<>n of tbe othel', If Cf.rty' col'lJ.'li ot a rO $~, it ~~IJI caused by pt;lM'Gs-ivo t'ot'Cms or oecult i nfltle:ttcG's 1It11cb (lid no t t"ofi.oot AN~iC,an i1lt$;"(mt~ i'ln:llllOr ~ t han t !ilEty r ellocted, C I ~ t. holic m'W!t' (!t")ts" :~y waS' tuthol.icim'l ~'Ueb a sood ·$(t,t'Yunt of Al:tarioan1sm o.nd f.mol'ictmisM, as dt:l f i M d by the C&th.cli os, Stlcn a good C¥£>r(!l) ~iicno:f {}~tflO11 e 1$l(1 ? Both: " w 0d ODr.:-oM4 to t he:t"tl-dicol. the ~ ('1 t1ent 'who 1JOtild '(Ulde~lle l'I.utho:>i tt; Po th ll8"O oo n~el"tat1~o, authlll1'1tl<\t'im and flUPPO.rto:l;"5 of the D t,~ ~ i.ue. 9tn" .. s~A!t V1td,~or t~~ f ounded in 1912 by A1"ehb1!'lOop John Francis Nell, Who guidod th~ p'\t}af i nto t.oo 19$0' s . Accord'i..~ to a biogr ;-.phy of NoU , no odS. t.~ Ms PiJIper altlnya wi th hill! ~ ~1.3 to :i t~ i?r'otGt.tant t'eradef's ~ • "arId ~hl1(J in h1.sl?ritin~s YlEl! ab..ilYS< t ried to U(1a tact in e~fnbf,t t1'tlS Pl't;'j1.1dice and berGey, b~ has n~ {'l' foravt't4ln tbtlti :rr.o=t. of h1$ r~adCZ"{l l'lt'e ~pl:lin f olk ' ,'iccu~t!Oraed to pl l1in, bl unt ln1'lgU.age . He hQ,."i/ n eV'~ felt j'r~tI to 1 0t 111s f'e .~def'$furg~~ t ellch tunda'~ntl1l i".:tottt a,$, for' i n l!l't3t1c tJj tb!l):t tl'Ie Prot #J' $tfID~ Bible enst,t) M a v1.o1nt.iQ!) of t he (: 151»Hl;t l\pr U 22,. 1939 . '.';.:. 11 i n r.enel:~~..... ~t Catholics lmve tb:c whol !' truth t:h:U. .e Pl":>tr.otanta h~~ only a :f,1 lU" t a."td .often a: t~.tl ~t$d PQrt!~ 't:.'l~llt. ,. 2':!\lt h1~ ~~ (~atlllF.lttt or suCh ,matw$ 1& nl wilY4I! \i,i.tbOllt b,. tt a: b ( '~ int tl to 1nat.t'ttct the l to eootn-~te the JlOtlS au.d bring it into fO!:nl8 a.c.dn~i't t hs larrr. rt ):~ s.C'r{l '~ n of fI Catl'»1ic ur,ht and tl"adi tiom.t. The Gurren't odit4~ of t..'1e Vis!WI' iJi ·. .... atated tllat t h" paTH"'f' * :l purPQ~ ,,).~ s ''in. t he!" f.1Qin t!polQgt!tio, bl.'lsie :aLl.y ~lq)l;dllA t h!l Fattil fox' t~~e aV ~~1l'a8e Amt:l.t'icao G~th~lic and fia.hi:1nc arv lIJ.dv:l:r: c~ ot Sociltl. (')t' Co>tnut'l1sm 5.tl. tht~ worlrl . 'l'hos~ t 'W'O t M.!i('$ 't.'IOre t.~obaaic st:m,ds, e1mlQ1tdng t he Fili tit, ,an,9'.,>er:t.ng ar.t.i.. Catholio cht1rce~ 31!d oppolling Collrmmi ml @d Sodo1i~ . nl1 l\. oUeifl!'/l j);>Olll ~"l;) and tJ'a.o~t¢t$ tha t. d~~'.n iticn to tha l~,ity Wil1t ::l.n6 helotll', It., to" s:l~!t up its o to.1l $ChOllle 01;' Atl11'1"te anil'W S() tOOt th, 're '!qO ;.:tld b0 Il~ con.- £lict betwC1en .~rl.cnnism GrId Catholidm. 'M~ union "-'''''Polls il'ol!a genu- ino love oj~ desire to change that S')' lpport od by both tl'J9 ,~t ~hliGhed 80V~JlW:ntttl1d the c$tabl1nhed Catholic h1crarchy ~ ,,10 of v:te C'xt.~nt to \ibtoh ti'>.e Vi.$1. tor e.ll~i Cnt.holici{%l ,M t he hul:wark of i\mer1(!a.ni ~ U-i'!$ \l frant P~9 ~d:i tontal .. dr: a_l~~,. It dt::p1.o'tsd ~ OOll"Oj,c:y ll$ re&t1fl(f en a bluf f l 'loo1od nthe GFl.tholic Chu~ch . t! An "'fin saa hbeled ,t.'El.seiem., N~i~ tmu ~'l ni_ p~tid tnt' bluff , but it rn::t.:linoid Uladt\~~t and De~cu~ lntll 'sce,tre.l8 In <1 1a;tM' lsnua t ho V1$1tol" s-rld of 1tscli'j IlPr obab1y no oth(!t' p.upCJr hn$ pl,l.blishe(,'t ~,o mlll1Y oxocllent .:t:'ticl es ...... _ ' -.. !Ii _' . . 161!1c hat'd. Gfu:d~1"t ,i~ tJ; , !J~ . ~ ero.~er g[loot ington. lndtoo!'a: J]tJv . ~ V i, ~ i1;p!, ctro;r 19'J1ffJ P. 11;5 .. l7'&:t't!!tt' from the Ri ght !:tr.:V(!,T$l'Id }40 n~igr:¢'t' JO:;Jeph ti .. Orow10Y', editor o f Our Slindq V~ . ;!tor .. F~bru (4"Y 2) , 1966 . ~" ~r 13, '19'38 .. ;,.';.:: ·'l'.~ ~ 18 in $':hl)lan8:,'t;lol'l 01 true de.7.0ct'llcy f.1'tld its df).J'anfl~ • • ,!19 The 500"t)CO eub~cribet't3 mo r~ceived th.$ Vi~~t~· \;101.l1 rl howe theit~ viewJS oi" the I>JropJf;;m et'is1s, highly " <»lOll'~)d by tr:1 a b ~· lJ.n d of "A1aa!'ic.m C~thoJ.;j;.e1G>'1.i • .f1 ~, !)211lV'~ Cathq;!1p ft ~«i~01.·...... 1 nle Rf1aUlt~ dii'tel'Q<'i :from t ho first. tm~oe Ptmet"s In. that i t did not fl~6 un flll'pl:ic1t Gffowt to. 11tlk O~thol ioi , 5m ~tl(: t\r.:wr lc ani ~ It. outed Moo eionJliom "unre:a~onabls tlnu un.. OhriatiilTl, fI and nt '~ te4 tl~:nt the lohurch ,~ denmed ult.r ~nutiQ n;J.iJ>m . /!:! XOl' t he cQunu-/ itS.0l£'.. i t ·.. a$ touoood on -bile pr l1ic:tpliii tlt;lt uhen :it ~t,t$ t:,l'ong it tlO\longer deu~ed tho d~ot.io..~ or its c1.t1Zetls. ''My countl"y r i ght or urOtlf1" tla~ not. an· Amt!lt'ic.:m 8errtit~C:~lt. So~ :!ng ... ,;\... ic.tnl ~~ as _a t $Ywtenl, r a tU(ll' th~ ...... -L.be oyst om., n'(\\:ld t!; 4\eziai¥£. trolll cny neC:Q:lsi t y ,to jUti:tii"y Clltholiol. SIi,l i n l'e.;.C! tiou to AIooricWSt.l 01' vice",verstl. . 'fue HiIt;lst;S; evan .had oCl-cilsionai. ki nd mrds r'01' in~ivj.du01 CoL>r':uni$tt} 1!bo bad ~J'l(nm eo!;cern over s:ome l;oc1al. i Gaue . Uni\o::." oo.t€lly 'tihG. Bss1sW, did rot real eo oontld'Jnt 1.'1 ih r01a:tivelibot' ol it~ t hat it was 'lRL!.l :1ngto takiQ' urrj' s~nd vhioh !:1i.~nt he teo unl :0t::ul,;JJi • ~e _! ·~r.dej,·~,; unlike the othl!t'"6, w,a.r~ llOt tl diocesan p ,p in 1869 i \\ St. P £~UY' . Originally i t ~at) a. OerfMln l a:r.gua !:t~ p;)per 1ntenOOQ .for C:atholic 8e-t..tl.a-G in t ho 1'!.tln0sota $ 03. It.1I fOI'm..t \ flil!l cl.!l(ftil? to'.) t~t of t~ $$oul Pll~1t' t ··an a l-elig,toM ox-g.a.'"),-. It had, during the: YClilr of ("~')te13ibe:r' l 1.936 ... 191bid", M:.!re'n 19, 1939 , .W . B. nitllfrtt, A(MQo i ll ~ ;~i t.<)r' of ,l'!1~ ~lJ!\1'~:r C.~tholtC 19 Septe!i!ber, 1939; an eY.cellentC\JtTont evente Sl:0et ion deslul1{ botb w.ltb 1rrter.. I)!lt 'tonlil. ltl'nd. {lnt1.onal i esU~;$ . Its l i"ad art.icle of ten d(Jal.t wit!), ~wm0 pre$s1n~ .. 8001.::,1 i ssue, The p.wochitd ~wrLil corMrl'Jiv,g; Catholic accieties andact 1vi- 1 03 \1Q.l3 ai ven a pl~ of' q\li fJ t seeluglon {~'t t...~ ba.ck of t.1:le paper l'Jlther than t he pl ot' prmrJ.netl(l0 on t he front page :1toccupi ed in tho otherp.'W8rn. Although not a diocesan p .ap(~f' , 'fb .~ /~~el" did 000 Uself' os tltlsvor ~~ekblg 1i'~re ,tban W~£I v.ntruetsd to Uri} by oUt' ee cl ~t.ll.a$1ticlJll ottpC':riot't'I, tl#V01" l endiojJ but' p,-"n to nnrthing t hat W,lS not in full hj~mon.r~tith t he W-ghest ideae rm.d l d631f) of CQthol1c jourrHll.ii;W-l.!)21 Da~lP1 te sllCh rumble ~tet!llnt6 .t ,!he thnderol" d1d" in fl3.l~·t . dit': er r~d1c o.1ly in iT pat's, p.'lrtieularly il"om. t n0 first three.. It held dissentinei vic,ws on thQ issues of ;mt1... F'iOIltit!~ , COt;$:lUt'lisIn ;J!d; pWlt'ticlJiarl~. on th$ fl\, .:m1sh OiYU ilal' .. 'fllese, t.hQrl; .at"e th~ £i:ve prpero dev~t with in this thesi~ .. l:'ow' a:r13 diocet;.att oo nt4.'olled'. If' Catholici., despite i ts adVsnood $OeW beliefs as r'opresant" by the -encycu.ctUs, had f ·ailod to t.y! an 1nf'luGno'O in ~ SQn%'·ch £ot a: tle:w SOCi el. ordor oecas;,oned by t he tlep.r~s:.don , pU'hRpa an atl$tIW.X' lq 1n the a.ttl tude $,.'iQ~m b:v the ~~blet. PUO! -~d t.he ...V... 1 ,. s1...' to.... ' .... ~ .Tl1e1;t" i ntAnse dedi.. cnti(1) to tl1a ¢l 3t~b11~hed orde'J' eou.ld r'lOt }}lj\!'G been l!)"lC}lc:lO!lli'f)l"t t.o tb(}$e WO ta1tJ:'I hoo 10ft'!;. in tha't orneX' . If t.h.e ae.',:1f; tWt'• r dtdnct fjUfJpOrt tha.t View, nei t.tl.'ll' did 1t tak@ a f irm stand agai,rar'i it.. For tho(> teaeMnee or the ency. eli,cue tc :ro,\,ICb the people i n t.h,e United Stat.mo:, tht!lY n.'td to t:\.ret fUter through t:le hl ~tarc~ . As :repr M~ntcd by those p~r a , tre til t~dng pro- Coos »'lS d1s.astt'()US. It w uld $e~J t;ru.'i,tha't, the CathoUc pl"~GfJ , as :t"epr(H~li! nted by fo·tlr of thO{l0- paI't!:f'S, gave l i ttle ~' r'€ll l cndauhip to a pCl'Jfll e ahGIium b;r t.~ f~lllr" 2l'lb1'l 'dQ,nd~er * , JUM 1.5, 1939. r?t;~ ~ ..~ .. ro • cf the,it' econondil) ~$t$fll j' o.l.'I1O$t o.f~ tho1:rsoe1ttoty. i.I! l Ll'b. ~uld tba er:t, ecboed, l1y:U.l th.e p l'~H~rO , 'l;.hat {(to:h ra'!;m:"n to "Cm~ ili3 tl!.M\ 3:i ViJtlg m'ld Chrbt:ltln i t1l:!t.i,,:, " tutiOh~}ft In~an wht:-"u A~t"·1" iCi3n Catholics fat;ed Europ ~an to t .alit al!·iln i~ 'tb:. able CIt: unuilUng to matcEt .nr.y t'1UbG t.anti~l G01'l '.t'ibutiong to P!1I·.;.>r5:c,,m !:'Pe1etv' t a .~ Of' dotr~iSt5. C 'eriS"j,:'J, pornap$ t h~Sf;} pt.WCi'$ could CiV~ clu'$ction to U'iOir .f~low ricafll$ tiS t hey ~u6ht to un1orst.:md tho European tutua ti~n . .", ,'. ,;.,,~ ~ 21 .( GHft.P1'rn !! 'l~ tl& I q'tiF. Oil' 'fm~ liAR fUn PQs:i t1on· of aU t ll (~ p"f)e'l"$ {;! {it'l be ~0d up." to Ii!. groawr or leuget' exwnt" by thnt of The l.-,'a.qqerof': R'~mb0:r ~rld ~t' 1., In ~zrt.tempt, to O:lVf.l tho lrlO!'ld for de mQ c:r -a c.:y~, 00 s ;;t¢t'ifieed our lllm to pr ~ sert"e notions wmoo (;Inly intC1.·~li)t W8S in r~t Ginl;l~ pp'We:t' Eltlp retltlC,jr. In 1939 as, iTt 191'" 1i:lJX'ote cmlsed 1 'ttt own trQubles bccmt$1J Qr 1.ts uncontrolled w eed. l.rd. tl1t";ir sine .. &"'Ved ~t."lOl't . Only Ifl Q han~ of ho8t"t, c. w.Ulingn@ss to gi-va up t he st;,lt!,l§ ~ a r etl,u"n to Ght'btiQ.n i t".st.1 tll't.ions ~ndCb.t'i.srthn l i ving ooul..d $ Ilktth tne I'tQbl.~,t..,id t.hQ .V!itti,1»r h~0<~ th-lt ;l t v,u$ t hl'!> ~tlft:~trl. stfi. t.lho 'IJMltod tts tc heCOOIO invol ved in III Jil'lll'Opean wat". 1'llo. l1lot 'liuS not so t)l!).. phllticilly aga1n~t 1nv'01V'~ent 1n Irul"O"",,..., f 3 :d'tnrc as tm'o t he Tabl.e.t and th V!8i:tPr .. :ttl h ot tt setl~ ffd that if the $r.erJ.\Y :bl l~u:rop-e )a,d he:an RU!:lti!1a r attl'ftl" t!'taO Qermmy> that t .he ~lo t, wol1l41havfi1 bfJ$' ro than wUl~ to~(Y',.,me :in.. Volved. AfJ t he $ituAlt1on stood. i n tM :!'all of 19;8. the Pilot ;(}dVocatad ~ralin twvElntion without b~)it1H 1l;oo prooiM aa to 'W1:mret.~!tt ended Qnd pbys1.. , cal 1ntervef'lti ol'l be ~atl . The a"Biste~ vlil.c11lated" unw11Ur:gto t~k6 a st.'Uld 'but recognit1nu tlu.t -- - $ t ho Ur.itEJd Stau.s ~ul d prQb~blq hllWG to inten'eno ~yentt1~y. In tilQtavmt" .l t.~e Rcgistmt pro\'1rl.sed 1 1;8 $1.lpport to t he \ira- e£ l'<:wt. 'I'be Re!!!:tel" oont further t h.-.n tOe f':Uo~ by a(ijv:oo ~t1ng a pn;ys1eal quarant.:i.ne as ,!!ell ~(ymoral s.met:ions .. SttUJ., i t, a,zrfH')ci wS:t.h t,h~ o1.\.Mr~ that both oidi:la \ .,~,\ ~ " 22 1-!uc11 of the 1s~l tl t1oni ,sm st%l1!1$ t o h.av~ been 1) re ~ul t of tt1f:~ u-ag10 d1smUi91omn~t ai'ter ~r'ld kltir I. J\ll 1'oughtafldfte;t the ~~ee:nn.trlet! of' tlliiAt .. AUCi1't when, ~ tm!, i<\lndf)l"tr, odd, l'allnoGli no 1o.X' undo hie GCtiilns, but 1tlMn 'the fot' ee ([)fcit'num$t·anc:e ~ belidne .t<:;) a$se'rt t t m!ll.f .. tl1'C!I . 1:'l~ .. ~$1"I});' thatmomente~ ·..n:~n the RussO ... G~~ alliance brok$ thfl bQlooce of rilO ~t' in 'CUl"0 'Oe . Once ~~in the ,t:ount.1:" 1os 1nvolved "'Xlud 3P to W that b\ll ~... '1CC . au t" The ~dc.l" ~.r pl'odi et6d, 11 A oow baa1$. or european ~'l'~c. <, __," '1 r Wlst, be so-uaht Ql1d t:"l.tU'tl/J ia no:nQ that rdll r.,r*aound UQ6lPt intm-nationil. Justtce.1I1 Until &;u."ope ~ l"()Q dy to face: tb~ tuaeesai t;( -or cl.W1ge,. the llni... t.0d $t~ tea v.euld not 'b~ Gole 'to helf~ her .. ftte T~2t. t-;)Q. bel1~ad anoth~· 'W~ l!' ~l¢l set,tl e notbitl€h "It was tbe i. only be.glJ)ts t Ol'ee. tt 'fbe greed manifonWtl in the 'rl'eaty 01' V«ra:i't:Ul~9 ~ld . endl!'t-ll lJrty flOpe o£ 8> Intl!t1ng peace afttn" th~ last 'liar. Aoother /1\"c~t.y of Ver aUloowuld follow tM~ ~ . 2 the iP1l2z. gtr,0n..11tlg a thGtle popular af'tl!t" the md of ~-brld \liar 1# talk~d ~f the econotlic ad9'$,\ntn{l;f:?s- a V4ll' brO\lt.ht. ~so:tfAe . 1ndu~t.rt.lUitJt$ ~.d tinafleiertJ.'the AmericQ'" pe.Qpl o ~e [foJpos for t:h>~o men in 1917.. 'l'hey W3t r~t tau. into t he 'S!ime tr$,'P again.. 111.. #'$ oottwl0u$ ,0 1" ~=t.v' ~ $.a~e ~U;'... peon ~mnQ.cr tW:f if 03 !be lieR$~- CQ1'lc\il't'r~ rlF,ven t h@ t'Uin 0tl;urope 01' Q Nn£i*f.bv:tet victory 18 not worth an Amet'lOral b\'>y' , 11£ e . fl4 the difficulty of {<)b 1$Olatloniat $t.and, of course, ~'Ill that it lett I.lrs,c:ntlS· unabl~ t:o oh3l't th.c oourse of ev-~'Jnt ·$ 11)wh1ch tlbq Me. not \Jet to becc~ ir'l,\IO lv~. but whi~ . if lort tQ otbc>P ~rid:t~. lIl1.eht 1tlvolve t~, aft~ . ~ Wnndtn:;~ , Augtlot 31, 3.939 . 2~ Eh"QO~t: ll Table~Nove~ t'19 , 1938 . ~ . .. I ~e, ~~~n !~lP.:!, June 2,,) 1' 39. 3tn~ 29nver9a't.1»l1e R~bte1", AUgust )1, 19)9• .':.'.' 23 Tl".e P9PCr ef' e'~lized t his, !~~ eh had its own $l)lut1on. PrUNlt" U;y these l''SVolveti ax'\Ollnd tho PO}l0t S ,call .t~;r peace lIthicn t tw p z~er(l lntl!tlTll:.~ etmd as a.. tl pl~a that manQIl f,1 ng~ t ril\rl,t" 1»ay;s " tb~t thi;,1"@ be a t'DOl" al !'e.Q1'l'l:la."IlMt mieh 'W)uld fot"'Qstall ll~f' ., As: t.lle TQb12ts~d , ItMor.!ll t;' e-~~"nt . qpiritual ~Ocgt'~.mS 1 I.m~:tY' for' l\.-"''l«Ut!O$ 3l'ld ."t'iC!U'l l.W,tU.tl, uill .sao n~ ~')'Cll p~ac~ . uS The Pope appal'ently:l.nGued hi$ first ea.U tor peace in the i'all or 19)8" Th:i.s it.l1t!.31 iltte~t Wtll£\ £01101.:00 per1Qq1callyb'J ot..'ler p~al osll$ l or llmoval l' l ~1'lt. (t 'rh~ ie'!IlJ't. ~'l' stood with t.~(!. C)t hQr papa"$ whon it pt'llisedthe 'ef!ort$ of Frmlkl1n D. Hoose\"("J.t. }i~e Cha.$herl<\\1n tmd If';douJAl''d tblud1(lf" 'ltD find ~1~ tp, P~Q'I$ , But it $tOOd wi,til th~ teo ~Mn 1 t r ei t "iltOO that tbo onl)" W:1~r to 1.3'.fttng peat'll) was tho tI:y ot Ftus l.I_ 1't"a:Y1lr.6 ~ . Wanderer stoo--d alono in it, ,bal'.ds that pr ~fJr alona ~}ilG not e~ nou.g:ll. p(~_ lItJtlld not OOl'ltf.l ~ 'tmu.tf.d·fcwt", vlthcmt dQ:t~t totlY.HJf1)%'$u..nd the, C2.U3$ of t.h$ 'Butropenn t~siOM . "thlS f~eople must be sivon ~elo & 0111 national1$t.1c ' v~nitie$ o~ ·' I4tltipllthfree-. l1 tm $:ttu'tlon wa (~ not so silllpl e M whim \thrist1':lnity tlrecd: the Moal.mns, each oine cl~11 d(tllnentad. Chris t!M)ity, arA t he laCk ot it, ~o found,- S:n 19)8',; 0.D both sides. ~ COnL.'Ui!'r Hi tler lf~~ ¥lOt nel.$sllm;'Uy W bring Ohr!" tla.n1ty, s.ne tOO!T9 prinos:'ples \!lb1()h wuld i V1 su:t'e pe,.tce tn ,tuP. tl1ture, to Europa $'f'J mot'e t fwl1 'tt) 'be a.created by biro llIO'J:ld ilialiln t he end of Uhr1'St1ard.tq,.1 A M-Maa oJ.' b~ 1i\ ;!'t~ a r eturn to praf,ol'; " t'o.rturn to God-... tbesa w \ud. be the a.~W1'S of tr1ng1ng pe~e to Europe,. One mu~t b(d.n 'Wi th ' Jith~t hsir de-st of .ill n'UWln aeto; nClll.f'... r enune1.:rUon" selr""c-mtj'U cst. • . W1 th. hem." t3 iT:eeo! .QU hatred. ~11'\)''01':l of the ~'ftet·w. . {18 , 5!hm .~lm.!.~f~t, flpr U 1, 1939 . 6'0\9 ~er C ~t.ho~~£ . R~~rj &tp*bM'29, 1938. 'rJ'lfle ~de 1"'i!l1" !{a:y 4. 19)~ . 6,lb1d,.. F~~ 4. 1939. ",\-:0" 2b rtl~ . 1·hndE'~!t' hoped that "tn the lnt,ertlst6 'Or Itrt.llU"ootiol"lQ). JUlIlttee and ¢l'dOr, too n0a (!$ ~.nt7 f)t~Oi" it1ee5and 8djus1:;.nn~nts '\dl.,l be mad('!';, u? A$ t he I~ ~p: $nt.1 ~ t , there 'W~ 1l DO oroic~" 1-f1th so tnU® & ~true t1.oo po"~iblO;t the Boston pflp4llr agrol."d with t.'le V1r.~tot that It\oJ;ltl 4U'flcult"to ~Me1Vt'!!o t aWM of ..... -.. " .,egreoaiofl whiCh can be: jUS.U.f:l.Cd. t11O Bel1e11ing tM&, tnt'> Pti~~ ~el~ emmer-lain' a peit~OO QUarto .at the titilt.a or the C~eeb.sJ . oV3ki$i cris..:ll", '& ··Y"iitt l e a.ot part.. of tm1rt'mthu~d..o .stt.te Sltpport of Ch.lll'lberl.nb'l ~i{~a b ~ s0d on their bal1."f that O$oohslovaJd.a \IllS n."t ;or1.l} '\>1."..1". ThQ TSbl "'t :r~t'1 an edi torial h'6o ~d tr~:J.t.~ 1 'WHJ:.l' FOR?" C:'ie«'1s1ovatda WQG, the ?_QQ101~..u.(,d.ood.. none of t't ~ i lleal"tbt at.,ch'Udr'en ()f t h<) lG.!3t 'N.at . ll It crOQti¢tl ot t he r:-c~ ty of Ver saUlof, intended to J'l rov~nt ~s!l e~on3!on, muT'Jil a-o-o..,lled >Czee~s ;.} c tu~n1 f ...~a un10tl \d:tb, the :ttQi.ohc W1y- 1-1m-- OY,f!t' t hat oountrY. p.art1clll IIPr,aEr41S .. . i s th" h~Q.d ,ufU:'ter:J of the Grtmd Or1~at. Wt1Q!!$ ~g~n t1h ., .. bav Q re-- cOO.;V$Q: \.~rd to bl(Jeit Ui.:tl~ ~t :aU oo nttJ. f-»~e b al.oo So li} a~ ~t\tor for t he ~ativ!t1 (j S of th'3 Com1n.~. • _ • (Ill - PSI" froll. l) ':' tr~11l'lg jQ !jt ~ i n h1$ wllllng.nes$ to ~.prolllise over C ~~ .sl()'v~1;"" Ch=erl~1tt 'IlOuld e~1 ~ vm. !n hidcq \1S G t:bs-gp1on of f.'~i'1l c&. Bt' had lost It-aU an ,auPi!Ol"t. becatl S(li 01 t;he l:b!"i t i sh :i'.lpPOl't of the Lcttgtl.e of Nation8 s:.mat.wfi5Igaj,rt"t, IWy. v$ 91'ht l\~d;erttV J ll'ebrulU'Y 2), 1939 . lOour J5!d~ V~t4~r . October 9, 1938. 11100 i1;'O~lcl~ 'tablot, S0p~er 17., 19)8. 1.2lbUl.u October 15, 1936. '",' 2~ 'ibeV~i _ WpPQl"ted th1s s:taud QslQvS:ldn~i.ls b.a$ie n1.l:y Q..-m.an. The Qn1.yv~~f!!()n its di~~t:j;l':~nt tl4l:d. 1'0.. " o~!v~(loo t."ruCh at-to.ntioll \11M1 ~au~ Qf a,ait;(llti,Q1'l or:i.gin.attngfr;')t4tl.1G b:it nd qUiU'ter.s of th.~ Grtafid or1.'t'nt. ~'r~lr:ue . Jb::tcord1lle to ·t.h~V1:s:im.. tho< tJJI'~OO m . , : J . ?_ .ti .:1 OTte:nt ft;;,tVG i t$ ~p~tlkt ..' S to· d\l~Ad.il., IToo£ l>t ~:4a Vt'l.~ I':r~'I'U4 ' $ pt/$l .tlon ns a. kft1' $U$'l,Pli,et'ot muni ~/.)r),$ tQ the 6p-~ah ~iUist$.. ln, QQU:itiiil'l'l. PraIDlo ws malin fot' ittt, $1pport ¢.r Lwn mUll. ~is 'W>!lS tile I1rioori ty tihieh bad r~s1 "ted G~_. '4 action.., in Ct.ec~)elQv alt l ·a\ . TI'le1 d1d n()t deo~G our lIlup~t.OI· '001' ~atby~13 qtl$l3tiORM cO\ud isthe_.. wandetr. ol"t UilUktl 't,heoth~ PliP$1"S, ~hel" fit.1M" 'be tt>u.gtedtok~ep' tIle pe.~~. offered b;rthe C!t$c:bO$l.ov<*:1w:leQ1}\p,rom!$$" 8$ ~t 1!J.1th0l' bl'llak' his agt't.leme.nte (}1" ttwn to Rus s;i,o< tot' an .$llythflreby d~ aft'qying thl!t balilllC of' POW1i!t" in E1lr(Jp& afld 1I:'U.lll%'i b {[ !f1lo:tba' Wa:Ii' fal' tM,t:, .etCn-. t,10$fit, Fortunately" fh!4! _ ~~~ t11f' I!f't ~ 'tad, R\rsf.Ji& h .;J.o been e:xcl.uQed trot; the ~t'Uer~r!'t . A~ f 'th$ ~ttel" ~dJth~ countq ~Q~ hU!lU1.at.ed, ~d f Ji"Ql'n po\\"'Ell" 1tl tho Jt\l!'<)p~:9n (U,:plo..'!ll1ti e $~.lggl(!! . If m. U $ t' ,M!ut.!lmIlQ him 09€W~~t, Q. lmh noe Q£ pQw€'.rcoul .d be cfrl, ;;.ibli$hQd ~eh ~1)ul. ct f.~&fiJ Sr1tG1n ,a,-ld h' Ch.at'Aberla:in, '1'be. loIanoor k'lr' cop.cltldGd. It.ad '$Uo~ii)d$o{l in remorivg Kus,sb . '~ J trom fJ.lrop~an u:l!'l.\l~me ., ition'tever ol\le la f.ool1llg'$ about. Cs ~~lov6k:if~~ 'lb" watl~!' er .eoo V;tth tillllotAlO!!' PlrIP·Sl"t'l t eet1ml'1t,iQn «>£ the t~th of t~t ",. .,. " ' ! country.. "",'t!:H\l tact N:M1nedth~t lIi.t~ bad bo.. : rt Airli)l"ted. Poace will a.ti11 po,... siblll!", 1)c}~itf!, i ts ! 'ealr$ ~f fd't.leI', . fh.f'iW:an?rr~ too· t!liUP'POll'~ ~ l;.'U\Qt '$ "riw..s t.finteter.- 'l'h3,s support wa~ bQafM1 to oome Qtent 01'1 fb.$ 'ltiQtlOerEtl'" tJ beUtt£ that , ' ~ 130~!mdQ _ Vi~1~.ot:. Oot.<)be:r2; 1936 .~t'l $ \~~'O/!~ J October 6,,1938 • • •' ; .• ,_ .',7"~.~ 26 Mtler dtd not Wcm.t lvat' 4111 moro t~ l~itain 01:' fr't!' (irl~.b 'i'1:i9ib(tt.~ d. 1lAa' long al'J Chtffi1bCll"b in Mil IJaladlet.', Iii tJ.er ond· ~!u€loolin1 ho~ d tho ilelW0l" ill. f:;lJt'opo. th.or~ ~ he 00' wgr . ~ , '~ , flUitJ.6:f' hold not ~antt!d WiOr ov~ Czecho. tUovilltia and "trthe'uehr',er \fnow that by tnrflltltcn1r:g FOtl;md hG \t)ulrl a.otlally Oa\l~e t4..'lt' " btl! wtll.d cease hi,s threat$. .' • . ' 1... b ~3ceewr<»uld oot (ti,$MUt} CZeQhosl.('N,*1a so eaeily 00 tne o~t' P~Hi·.l"' . It $i)W t'ignt :md ~ng on both sic1~s of t he dispu.te • 'roo; U ltie '1'b~ ~€£; tb~, Ftff!s,t!!' .t-eal'e tho 'l'@~t f~ag aloo ,ilt1ill!'e, o.t ~~ ])l"~wJ.n"f~e t,.i Ql'l$ 'Suying, ''OUr Gnc~ is i\"otl'>vi thin-1t, h t~ Clapitnl,istiQ, btw(:)au~.. ';\t1. e'J \lOmuttmis .pa,;m pOWl" ~ eotlfor", to J.l1Jiel"'iC 4i'l: ide,ale, of demo~.;te;r. to .Il ~y~ th'e Vi$'$.tOl" ~n~e4.. t his concarrl utt.~ eonto1nibg l'''a.se1S1'l'l ~llt.'it1 00 1.1ttl& WB said u'b:l.ut thtj dans~vs of C';Q.ll1-.i$ll1?18 Why md~1 Pt.Jrtl.y beoatHJ.e,. illS tho 1'$bl.wt l tldioQtod, too~e 'f.ilo oono. t.Voll~d \1:10 c:otooa1ni.oa;tlons iMustry t.-cJ'e 6 :uIJJiumvt1e in th.eir" 't4nd$nQ:iAili ~ and ~r ath1~'$., But W(!)r"O all .in t he cO~(Ult:iona W.s1M61$ ~st $~l)thbeT$'1 ~...... ij . tS':*...... " S; _. "I ' .... ~$ . Brc. ok!m 1'~b]. " ' t , FelJru.#j" 11. 19;8. l:~ Jjt.:)l~or lea tho~lc :te!i!~!:; SGpt.nrmbeJr 24. 19.38 .. t~f# ' _!!1:.~· ~~rl~'~ .19 . 36. "";' .. '/\~ . ' Ij.'t f'\'!~bsp$ oot, bU.t thQ" "$I'$ pr1)aa.rUy J (!;;isn and tho Jtn~$ 't'Ouldnot oo~i l'.ate 'tt:.l get ~$ into rl ~ if ~eoe st.lYr.i tA:/.h.dl p thlJir brotbn :'s l b; Ot!rn:nlY-. " In Q speech (lQvet'lSd by' the 1?il';l~\~ tJm itl'S'Vot'l:rod p~ !f.. Duft.;.li' of 14iU'... .,Jtt~"l a't WI" :z:;r,c,-;I:J.l' l:uifr.qge (!.;ama !'rom. "lUcmo fl (;)liz~)d rzd neil! ties, !l frOlll a "tro~t4:tAt~ pra$f1t kept c.' .1>'ama., a~d sIJb:lidi.zcd t..~atttr6 ouned ,end con- trolled by t.he m~erfJ of l!XIJllitiona ~"l d deal.ers 1n I.icJl~th " .. ., •. 1$ 'PhI; sr;oeskar went on to point out th ::ftt;,\()r~ au~ rti-k\n v w",r~ dyi.ng <>n tho Stf!tpp,Qst'1a.... J .~;';$ tn a~'1IliJny , f;'l!lorl.cans, ho ecn't:l.nt.t\tld" tt.""-!t'~ n¢t ~llt'Q 'of' t h.' ,~ uemiim morl~ C\l booause tho}, ~e ~m'b t.rded by pr()png~d$ rroUi Jtm. r~a. ~k and ~iltr.llSton Church. ill wtl.1lo llJ~n like fr'a ther CU.:lrles ~~ . Co~in, 'Il11!l'f;! s:Uetloed. f¢'~cans h~m:'d onJ.;y ~h~t the "Ju tione1 t inanae.ooppot>U:id aRt1 ,· C~:t;hol.ie ~.4 $ltl... A}:l\ll"i.~l1 mov~t wa.nted them 1) _ ,_ . , . _ _ ~, to b$a!t' lO U !!rar:b{:J.fd.S the autblt>t: ' o.J' 'l'bG GP~ ~eh ett<1ed ~l1tb an appeJil t.i'lat ee~ ol.:i.es :road 't."loU- pFEf$)'I:l tQ'if ~ia 't11!Ue pl"C$c.ln·~.tionof the llCW'~ t he r.dseion ()! Catoolic Uouth. n+·'Ie "rha stnnd of t.'le ;l'i'lb~ctt lI!l$oot r~n(l c ted by the Q tb"I' :P~~s to tno !S;lllI!$ ~xtAnlt 0'1' bitt1Jl"nQa's., 'The ~:$a~ 'W::' d~ "' pi te its l'Gj:'~$nc~ to p.. spld- ollt pr\'lJI!)~, bl~ed the _r!can 1>d.ll1~~S $ to ~ 011 a; 'ft Elbe ~~(1me'"s$ to 'mnke thla wrld right f.c;r-d&,j~Q~·Q·QY . ellt'epean1J \>tet'u l"'a rutr to -p1sq flown G~~ I t.UliQll ~l')m.onth r-by tlWlt AMri om;l s b~ ~ 'belli gerent'l20'l'hc, \;ot)dQt;Ill" ~3G ~ e _ 1 _ in f{onerw. · e~f;umt with the il0j'Ji st$r:. nleo tending to r~jf.<;t t he ffQn~ '. ( rom.. wtth1nft t.l::temo. 'rhtl oth-ar I.lupors s.wod c1os.... x to t ho 'View of t.'le Tablot, a.lthougll theu- ant1., S~li tic bias w:.\s $u~h l ass. tn~ · Catholic p :.pars oowa te:red tM,$ demtm4 rot' 'Ut'.1 ted St;j)~~ 'P~tio1p a- t10n in tne Viii%" by r0tttl·ntn'~ to t.b~ir B~;nd t hat, (JUl' ot'll,:r 1nta:rv tin tJ.nn should 19T~EnrQ()~1l!! 'rab~ october 29" 1936. 2Ot~ ~nv(l1" C~h91.1G . neiig". " N~eh 9, 1939 • .. ~ ....; ".,~ , 2B be l;.IOl'al, not pJ:\y1il1cal .. Umt'tt' i .2t t..b!ch .o; tr~I!JSocl 12'm> t a st~' 1et :pol i~ of l i1Otl ... :tnUMt(*nt'ion ~;3;a II ~ oonbl. of .t he " oolit!l!.Wi ty ·ot trn" i'ronUy o1.~na t1ona,. ..in direct oont.\" ndict.iQn t.o tbe CO~ ~ents of cn-ar1ty gnd ;1u,(rt,1.ce. u21 /'rfT :in~onUon:, hO'-M't diu not ~ clun\a t ne i.ltJQ of Violnnce., It simply I'lUH'Jnt that IIU' th.$) iJazi l'llOOd. <:lO~;POX'&.t in tl.C~1ng lik~ m:'ldlfl ,th$ Unitmd fIt.t!'Uea and t he at-hell!' :O i)t ion. ~l oi'thewl'.l.d who {i)t Ul boU!We in or dq..r t:md detlonuy bave .a t'iltht to protect t holU$cl.v(?s by as!<'l t a'blishing a virtual ll'1Or lil. qUarau'tiM of G_m~ through t.~ $9'Y'l:H· t~[l;CC ·of dtplom.atie a.>'ld trZilde r~l nt~. o '·' 8 . 1:;:;2 the .R!ij!i ata> dis':;lg.Ve~ S01;lf.!lwhli!it. U1t1..... :f' 'WQ8¢'ur buru.rH~ao ~ llocoul.d nQt r 0llainoU,ont conc~nina the flt~&rS~ an~-J0'A&h .~O~$ oo::;t. 11 no ml.~tter 0hiit, t r.Q C O$t ~ But tJtts st·nt,ol'll'ent :i.nd1c a ~~d ota1.;y ollO ofr.t_ stlJtlds:ts t he .· 1"11s;ter nuttercd betwi\lU Q t:~C.. and unt,i .... llar aumd. It \lOul 1:.lle :N:ll~ t;, in .it $011(1.1.7 1a.>1;:tf;lioM.ot pODit..i.nn nf ~' th~ dU4tt)..ofii'man $lllance in . ~gtlst of 1173'). Untn thea it uonld vne1Uata, hwy bothered 0)1' it~ fe# t."lat t he count.l",Y 'iltlS b&1.'1Y led in to ~at' Ggaifmt its mll) not by ;i oobve'C.'oive c .mr.:un1Q9.t1one cl1 ' .~ ~ but bY' tho €tOV ~l"t'\m.j!'tlt itooU * If t,h~ UI;}rewm"t the ac~~~ pt'om1sGd to tlllPPOl" t n~sev~t,. -~J.t lmti,l. th.~.n t~ VOOPl ll badQ right 1':.0 ,lItno~i his 1f1~nt.1ons nYj to stet? in ht'S deci&io:n m*1~,* 2)rlw rilct al~ . -- .gdV'~ some- tho~)lt to tbo l)Qs~il:iil:l..t,. t.'1at, t.1l~ !~e s1dent m~qht be illIan1pula ting the pro...w;n" $coti!'f.lrlt ·., Tber&\le!"s, then, tm plo t~Q fn'/obe the ttn.1ted stutes 1n tl~ Europ ~ lim.\'" If There IfflS the tb:!llltUnit:rt-Jamsh ,lot ,p~t" r!%'otat«t t~lgb tho eO!lU'ilUnica.. tiona. $.Y Gt~ they cont!'olled. ~hercW'a$ also a Pr.em.dential pl.ot ~ lUng tola~ ~~ the ltt.ut t ..,. o1t th3,t , th. papors, \11»Q'(tel'G 221h1d.., &vomh"t' 11,.. 19,;$. 2~ ~V~ Catholic Re£ctGtr:r! flPt'1l.27f 1939. • - ... £ ~ " -~ ,,';.: .... .,?~ ~" 29 ~):t Gneh pll)t. t~11Y then, :'1.'1 t."le ~fibl, eJ il$\;;e- ~a1n.9 t t..~ o ~fUt6 :in 'NUl.en ~ 'fIQilld prob:lbJ;y hwro RU ' I~ia QS ~1 slly?2h 'rothe .1~l.~,t. tho bltlil1e for t his eQt'lld be p:ln 00,; Of) t..~ l<'rsneh mld British. '!'ho Brodd;vl'l p '.p ';)I" s aw 'sY-en 1\'lV~lt ic tUl oj>'~r$ of r efuge, tp a>lp ,ntr1- ate (}el'mI3Hfi when non@ \;or& c>Ulw ed t.:;;, t.l).e Ch:rb tirulS or " LU$i3 :U~ as " r use by which thi!'! Itnglo .. !i\;'ench l.!JUl:" fll'o~p:s would m ~1te i t awar;a" tntilt t il l;,) \ l!: ~te, d st .lli:.oS stood Yith tl l.6iil (;\.&~ 1tl$t {)taf'lrmtlY. 25 '\;~ i801(lt '€l tlw GeI'mooe tor bc5,r,g; ont1- dot",oc::'atie ~h Qn i t "' ~ £1 01o"lio\l ::1 t o !.U!1 b~lt. th-e t&Q st pr ejudi ced obcerver that !ldcooCt" 4\Uc" ll! !lU~ a Uo.l·m h;,rrd1y 'I'IlOr o .rit,tin~ C.or l?r 4111CCOr D.ri t tdn t ban t'or .tuasiu. 26 ,~e.'1 W_.~ d... flt" . • ., iilloo r , et~ed ltllth iI1.cr~~td,ng ~us tr;at.1otl .and ~g61:' to t hn ~tf:ccti~'O np!,op ~~lOO tttnc,.qitl&.Stl ot Londo.n :and P~swbiQ h :pQll!:'$Cl out publi cut i ons G'b.· ~ s d!1g tt"$) nood ror lIM tv twtt11ae-n t he l1 ':t' e~'t ~·0'-l t !kt'n 8Emto- crnc1<.>s . 1I At; 'Witll the ~ ;ibl (l< ~ !he ,i1.$Ulder er did nat bt>l!i~e any of itl(). conn.- trlos i lwol vod i n that dQsCZ'ivt i on, vit h the ~cep&tl of the Urd ted St at iUJ;t ware trol" thy or being ow.ltld d!'.!l'W cr atie. ~gland hft bonn verry eJ.eV0.l' itl (mae ~ aln PU Sh1 f\~ OM~~;my i,ntc ~'i l>'O id.tion eOl\ ~'Y to t hat 0,£ ~ United Stl;,t~t'r . U '11m' e arme.. O{l1t~r.y 'WO·.. l d once ~ ;;dtl 00 t he ~t'<&$~:t' ai<>lin...¢a 'cadata, polished Br1t~nt t he ' hoMot UrQk5t:' * ehGi'gli'd uLto. tho l!lelf ... 1Q[-osod ,f21 t .a.a.k o.f k~op ing a sembl rull» Q1' or d~r ~rount l t:1re t11oba. 1'}ten, th~ ~a1 $t.!t l oot f iiit.h in the· Brit ish and i"r(illCh fll;'(lt f1!)tat ionlJ d desireQ for poaQe . tkJU(I of th~1 P~ ~tl , hov~al", l'J 1n .Qfi A.t telflpt 'to witl b (ll;i,/ilv J!!;t's. hod, ·/ta $'.,) 0,£ ten with t ho l '.,., • J , . ' Ii::~* 2hT.:¥nX'o!.kl)'r:. ;!001.(~t. ~ovQmbcl" 19;; 19)3 f1 Z' ie?1d.) Far.l"u ex-y 2, .. 1939 •. ~6-*.bit!.v }fP£eh 11" 1939 ~ " 1'l"!~ \<, and~ » ~'Pli"n 6 1 9 3~ . . . .Q\! fIi 1 ,'.'> ..: ,;..;.,,, 30 ur the flilQ1e:b it \1::0 Path":' Co"ehU.. n- ;.IDo~ e r' Gd1Q cdr-rcl'J:lQs 'bh (>- !oo.t-?lt ,t"er~;gly, Olnd QPPl' ,'}'dn:gly~ l'~itlt.~d-\'I'l'l.o S(l!t; the ' ace of the d011uuoJiat i¢)n. A ~thGt" CouOdin lulq, it mud, U11Wll'tf'1(~d This book ~l,~t~ pubUohe.d by' t ha iri~ ah uOO dis1rwutea to too i nflli't' Circle of tbcir diplom';'lto. The' boo\!: ~ooit (!ine d "2 'ehlltptel" on prOpag,lOO U .:md Co~ :l:1'1 oQuld ~on giva ~ riP~ fic ~;}~l.~ of how t..tw$(!l mct hoda V~ q,p.Ueil in tr>0 united st "t&s ae t.hp Br:l.ti$hst!'lJggloo wget tts invol v,lf4<,i l .. n tJ'l.e Eu,... r opc 'M not only ant1.-.G&1"IJlarer, but." ft .~ iu,\"tb-or p."'Oot at Ule tA~liQitv involved here) it ,.';a$ O.ln'.atoQ by i!:dUGr'd G. aobin~~~j' IlwhQse o.ff""$)t ~.ge n.\l11'lO 1+a8 Ern &1 illlUfll ("tOl df)nbure. ,,28 :'or the 'L';ilil-Qt tho C~lIlni'3t-Jcwifth ¢O t"\" unie ltl~o-fi6 plet , wh3.ob t:l ,~S ho~'bas N~ , W.l$ 'll ~ 11"'*0(1 witU t.ho '·aglo.;'r011¢l'l plot. ThQ'S6 p.ape't!s. then, 'IiI(U"O Dll/SicaU J(1w·l.1)tion1at i n thait' ~pl'O~b $ l~urof,.e ml $1 tull tioll_ l'h~Jf '~t' e lrJol(.lt.lon1:;Jt pcea',loo t.hQy f el t t ht! l':U"!:lt ibrld t ~should have ttltigbt 1l.t;'lCrlc~s t hat t.~)y li~t'e pOWQrlMiS to cor,a mth tilB e''lil Q..'ld corrupt l»uer 'blocs of f'..urop(t. 'lb~ h'elcomed and jU!3tii~ed C... t Dcrlro.n $I gro.b tQr p~ '1C e .at Muuich". They did not tlfl1;(l art ta1n or VI:'" IJnoe U natUi'all aUios but as ancllde.'1t powQl"S no b r,tta< tililtl aermn~ or (f,untliu. A..trtC.ricl). \t~m becornitlg involvesd in th~ Ettt'oJH.l aI) ,fiIltt'~,tiOl:l ,uitf\i nst l'ltllt' \:.'\ill. ua,s b(}ine co n£u~ c (j ·ndafrom the c;)~ist~ ) who wuld Pl'e>tit from a lit.at" bt)t \.'$ ~Il'l tnG Ru:ropf'M pO ~,~r 6_ .£'l'Otl'1 til$ J(J~ vbo wonted W'lIoIo' auly abou.t their fallow l'o1igioOsls 'lbrrse t~ gro-ups cont..rolled tIJ() commniea tions induatrv. l'h~t. b t1hJ1 $Q f ew iIlllnrica,tls ha·[I __ 0' ou'tsj~dtI . ?m-t1oull..\t'ly :t:t 281'he Broold19 'l'nbl t:! ~ l~ 13, 19';J . 31 iih:.t Q:ooul d ~'IIle1."ica do in th~ :tnM Clf t.~ P ~ ' pi WHt'ft. ''''':e-1'' 1QilnO :11~l;ci110$ tt..{!a fJ;) t,Ql~ () oM'" madtJ il,M~.te of t.h€1 C::ln()t:ic-s about " l (t~'\ They ~t'~ til"rlt t'tI)torm th''J~~ves a..'1a secondly 'to r (~to "~ I.) tl:x~' 5 by '"rJli1;... h . Tha:.r sh.ou'ld ,~dvQc ,:l. 1'-:'3 th.a't /ley 1nvf)1."IJ'~ :' f:;1tlt i n E'i!.l:rcP(J 'be tttictl; toorsl and th0 l~'Os of' t "l l t t he beM~ f i*h(1ly ~4'2tt'~J 1'0 $'¥)t~tt 'Ul" {t~ to t um thl'.lj.l"' 1:H.'!C~S on t l :..~ ~tu:'op~~n sit u.ation .. As t he nSz!.tf't' ;la:! ~ "'flu> $'arr'~e GUt,y of t ho '\~iO~n pe t m:u~ roturn to t..'r).,'H'''' ho~/;o V:ll1l0a o.f Ood~ oo ~mtrl .mdmo ti:J, ~rhoo tj .. jO :r~. 'rabl ct ~ood ~ 1'I't-w. Amm"ieatl. people .I:1..aVe no a t-cleo in :Elurope. I t lSrtelood ;)nd FrQnt"~, w..nt W fight · Gf».Ji'liU.Illl " 1.$ '1; 'bh ~·t!i ,~~ 1iiO jO ~ • *'lh ~ f1l"oblem f POQ1110 ., t! 31 Ar.l1.er ;i.a.an CilthQUoD lo.t\llX'E't Ut"gi9id to tUX'*1 tbe1"t'backe... .. ~Jt f~"A' n pt,lrVO""_' l'tiey hlld 3t!¢t hcr ~ it: t;o .:'P i h~:t'o .. in -t.Ms eGluntry,. thG1 ~lU$t'bilt Ue t,rlOS'e ant.1. ... Am~ic;m for coa a."l.d occult intlu\1."lCmt; wh1i'ili t tleir proo.e, ox' $t 10 ,/Wt, t hQse papn1" St h~~ d~,nCiQ"'~l"0d in t~l:ltl11~ s& GJ1"'ch tor t he tr~th:bdd,nd t~ W'I)~ ingcD::=itllt-ant ot M!wt"1clitna 1» ¢u.usea an,d countrieS' vhiPU t1le Chtlf'Ctt, a s ga ·~ n t hrough these P~XO" £o-:.n:d ali$fl,. , . 290?'r ~nd.& "ftit1»;t'J. Apri,1. 23" 1939., .3O ~t \'4 .. Juno 18, 1929. 31;t:h0 ,lk:oqk1l!1 ,'t'e;ble~ SfJptfm!b6t' 3, 1935 . .32 .. • CHAP'I'Ea III AM ltRI C4}1 CAT.HOLICS AND ~11.flOPE I\N D:rC'l' ~:rott$ ath tile:!uPPoI't of Betrl. to Mus ~oUn1 , Molph Itt fler had l(lld RUt'ope to t.'le bril".li of WI.il%' by t he f~l1 of 1930. A year l.ub' t' that war 'i\\'Ould ~ i.nerl t (able. l! t,ne tnt el!'Vonin~ tCnthl3 did 'flO t re 41l~y offer an C}P:fJOl'tl.tn1tw for pt"c vent.tng t he de'bQole Q,£, i-tl:rld i!iur tI.. they did proMnt t,hl) U lnfll n eeOO $ ~'l7 to reey.u.uatfJ the i s!JIu e·g i nvo l..ved.. to 'take Few lIlQ.n could ;):1'Y l ongtilr avoid the "'mrlic&tion of HHlar t s anti.. flemi tte, r acist N,·, tional. C'Oc,ialisrn. Germany' s dictau,r had g.athered to h~S8lt t he worst cl eJ'1l tmt $ of . oostorn eiviU ~Hlt1()n Qntl., $0 a l'l"..ed, he- Wa~ detcrmi nf)d to 0ngillf and Of'hstroy the reWlant~ 'O fthnt oivl1eatit1'Q to an.ti9ty hia 1'1v9 p;:;p t.'I1'$ urge tt:itr.!!, to stand? It must be efl:phaet:i.zed i mttted1.at aly t hat l4ilat 1e ·tf'e tl ~d he:>", is not t oe rela tionship or the CuthoUe Chureh with JllaS80litli or Hi tlSlt. ftilther what 1s of:Ln't.<.u"$$t h~;t'c are tboaf~ Sfro$ota o!'thlilt .r ~llltiotls h:ip wioh thfl t>,.e papers cho se to emphasize. The r 'l!muU"katyle phonoMflon .boo t t.bb topic is t ha t, wi th th~ .0,xcep tJ..on of The 1IJanq",:rlSll"t t he p ;.,p~:t"B said 101,110081', 1:'.ot.I1i:ng about ItnliM F'~. f1Oism . Per.. h:lpS j,t tillS tlClt so? deadly a m.enaea aa Oerll'li'tn Nazi.sm.. \\hat is m"lndia t.sl y _Iviclent,. ho~er J 1,(3 tilGt the !i' tlf.l(li st~ IUlde little attl.m:pt to r('tstt-iet the .,<\~ ~ 33 p~ivil !ll 6es of tbe Churcb wUf;); Hitler, det.efijlinell t bat t,h~$ ~otllld bt1'l :Q'tUy onerulie1on i n ~'I1lQ I'11. intunded te silence tt16 GhU1!'cn.. COrlsi t~ t&ll l'j tl y irh~.$ . " is t he Qbjl.')otion to EiitlfJJi',. As MIl.S5011n1 ,a;tt6'~ted tC1 llI ~'}p t h$ good Will of t he c.tlut"ch, tli90e PU!pex' fl ob,jeo ~). d to bim onlyontl-.osc ocoa$.iolls ~ e 'P he tr i~d to i.'l'il1 t .rtA li1tler' a 1ilP\l%'oacn to t !lei Cat:rn,l i cs. t~t M ('Isthia: itl diG ~.t0? Slilier:li'n!ll y t 'lQ objaQti on ot toMe,. ~dnl:ittodlY' at!laU bu't fleV liilt· tf'..J;;leS$ i nfluenthl, pot't1~n of' th~ All'itH'ioan C;a tholl1e pr~. $1) to th~8 e totQl;i'l'.ar'1aniMi'it3 b o 1lse(i ah llQst .ool~ ly on t hoae go.... e r'l'll'tIetlt~ 1 il:' ~. stdetion~ of the pr 1.... U t)';gl'll s of 't>he Oat hoUc: Ohurch. Only 'l~la . t~ j&Q'OOd to thllrln. wHh any f Ol'ce .It t aU, a,s b~,d.r'g . in pr i nciple, tn1~1c~1 to the e.a ~~ ena. of Cathol1c18ill t"a tlle't' tJlan m$t' ~ly a t.l:w~;\\ t W its pt"iV' ~. hg!HlI . Ae tor bei ns :i.nindeal to the AlOOr ieani$ln r.ib1,oh .3\ lfJast thr~o of th~'HJ 6 papers G-q:;oused, thoy had alt'02dy Q$cicied t hat ano'th l!'l" tOl'Cf) , Ootltrt@lhm, woo far wore dMlg",roa8 to t heir country t han N,~ d9lll .* It 'Wa$ a ei1oie~ of t l1e les.aer of t w evils ~d, i nwr'aatinlrl :v, it w..a·~ al.~o the choj .ca o{' t,.Clat (;'iV'il tiih1eh m1~ ht, de~pitegr(',nrt!lg >Otr~de,ne ta to Ule contrary. toler at e the <:hut',,!! .• It Wflonly Th.e \·andt'lt'l'!r,' .. ~ Wilt S SO J1i'..oV9 C by pdde aoout r epol'w that t he l'OPU '4M oppostns f from )( efIc&V ~n t h!.'tugh 'fu,(j\ ~!ander~r b@lie:l1ed t.hat. puoll entj.. o n 11' .. $ e.lOme~n~t. eiven toOoflltiUmi ~ t p:rol,agilltlda. In thi s ea{f e~ OOW.l"'Ii;lr', 1'.lW l;ian~~~r thought Ken IOOst (!G,t' r eCl't !n de.picting the r~ as a t~ ... tlsted bQt U(!l' ~g 'l1n Sl t in tolollJ'Qnoo end die ta~rhip in ! tll\ly. a~ w(*,ll ~ in Oel'l'l'larlY'.l 'l'h~ re;l,SOO fot' ~he!htnder~ t s pride, of C~.Hll' E1(5 . was tll«t true FO'pfJ 'W;H) t ft1ng a $'tBnd. for priM1ple. not privllc-ge whet} h I!! opp::;fled Italy as 'Io"'e11ps (ial'tli;tlny• . True, the ot.l-ter paper$ 41d {'un oOC'Q$lonnl .ttc l. ~ e ~oout t tm Popel s oppodtion to MU$i1011n1, but t he oause of that oJ); os1t1on was quitl;) d1ffar.. an t frc>ln: that oited by'l'h!t l-!4\lnd eTtl:'~f fl4·th e:r the ilQpo $ ~e t1.()ned J'bsooU.rd lThe. hl';anderer" ~iQV9't!l:b er 3, 19)9 • . . - - , .. ;,, ~ ~ 34 becaUM he tUJ;d put St ,te r estrictions Q.n Catholio Ac tio fltp:'OUPS: in Italy. Undoubtedly this ~G a $tep to r ,lil.tl U'id'tioM on t Ot!) exptes$iofl of elisoant,. .. but t.'lO '1'~bbt ' s eoneernGl'lt'lae tl) be een , t~rGd on the rights. of the Churoll, . , , not of d1.saent. C~t1linl1 it diC+~ t e M tho. Pope M fighting atry t!,«) ~:fi 8'ted. b.il tttle againfilt tctalit ~ ian1Sla fot' it 1Uot4d him as saying Il~ :~ God, Our "Ppreciat.t on and tltaflk e €Q to t he 'Very hif!h f'.lst 19Ona.... ~ rat'lln the ilery no .. ble SO'f ~~gn and his 1noottlp.at'/,wle minlster.... t.o wbolla t h(!.y are due. • Ii • '12 'l'hEl Tab1:flt secmad to .~fJ flO i rr'0coMilabb objection to Fnaciam-...or N"d !1lll e1tb~l".. - e~rtdnly not ill the wq it tOllndOo~i~ objectionable. 1'h$. Pilot ·lIl:l.de th1~ n tti ttl ~e cpl,;toit. Regat: A "er fQulS estt'angcment betwen t htl Ital1M'l floV'errtm€lnt ~od th@ Giruroh b ~ eI boon av~~~d " Con:lltn'$ l'! tion~ betwean ~1 't' c:pr~gentativ e of t he Holy t'athcr and 21 r epro$ent ~rMJta ot t ho !Z0V('ir nlU')ut revealed t,h~0 i s not r eal h au l,,'> bi!lt~n C!)ut'cb . Too V~sitpr eq:tt1vQe (,'/jt ed t o till'll E'i~'tent tJl.a.f, .1t ,&dnd.ttad oot1per&tion ~i til Fascism CQul d be flXQU$.ed only by r~v«r't i n t~ to thal.; nnc1:plt!l that $Q,cn- ices tnust be t'l nd0 t¢ p":' ~ant greitl'tw'v $v:iJ_tl . st.ill th~ 1J lil.crifieea aeeme c 'to be t hoee 0.£ pr1nCipl~ fot" t ho sake ofpri.Vil ege . tn a. long Ql"Ue1e discussing t "te philoscrhy involved in mllidllf! $'Q,ori- rices to pr ·evcmt G1" e~ t.pr evU, the ,'11:dto1" did s,t ",t 0 that t hs- Pope oppo sed) :in pri' e1pl(t, 't.nt , i"nrscist t heor!:o8 of t!dl :J. t.~ rlsmJ nntl -S~it1 sm and e:x,ageer.ated 2b Irooltl:n ';l'ablet. Docf:tmb0r Jl, 1936. 'the aoQtol1 P ~j. JUlie 3. 19)9. UThe D.dwer ~tholi2. n~Q "*ter . Novemb ~r 10, 1938. ,?'.~ ~ ~ '/" , ,w ); nationnl1sm 'i$W~U as the goeptU. of blood and r ace. '!he bulk of the articlo, howcv~, d:l}rU. t lid.th tho stl' uggl~ 0:1.' th(l Churcil to retain h~ en tholic .lotiop, A groups. If Qn~ diG mt r¢t.iQ to t ht!} e~) (W such, was th.~ b 3si$ o£ tho Pope' s coni: Uc t with "1:lsooUtd. Obviou sly t.~ e V~ tor saw it M tne 1llOre i'!llport-atit aspect o.f' tbat oovtlie t . '1'0 questi(Hl the au thor1~ of t he Ohurch WI'l$ more aer ioua than to :{uestiop t hiS r1ghts of th(\ i ndiv idual. All t he p:Ipors l'an t:rtiQles on Plusrolini' s attempts to il'ltroGilce lat~5 , imilar t o t hose in (1erllumy, forhidding rJat"l'iBte het'iileen l1ryons ~nd oon.. ~y.m8 . The law 5'ttlted that marl'i~11iO bob~ f.' n t he two "r ace$u 'Wuld bllVdt no le,gality,. The PUot . $ tr~Cltm('tl'lt 'Was' duplicated by t,'at of ti:;e 'i'~bl€J1J ~nc the . - ia1tQr. tro the, r U~;t the i'opc objected bEle ~u se the Chtll"e.t:l:, not t he ;;t nte, decided 'what t4aa and was not a vulid ~iage . Only 'i'be . ~-m~t' e:r l ~.o h~d alr0l:ld'/ :reported the .al1:\unruent trod Il uagt"ino£ the It:.J.1al'ls on boing dosmn.atad lrt'YatlS, stressed t hat t ho POp~ l $ objection C:,llll8 prir:'li'll"'UY .from 1'11$ b"? li~t~ t hat di:f1'er-enC$ i n r :t C ~6 ¢Ouls:' not. ro~eibly d~te1" min l" the val.1d1ty of a IlR~rr1.ag", • . .. ~ . , .... _"'. __ ~uoted the P"'Pt'.J as sa)'1ng iJ ,lUlti... ~mi tism is inadmissable. 'I Once l!I'bed principle, th~ otbl'iit's privileae. But i Tnbl!l)t and V'iai.tor--wi til tOf!i Res1stt'll" r~aining tlOn- colll!'l'd.tal. on t he ·Stlbje,c t;...... vore tdUing to underplG)" t he Cbwcht s d1t'tet~ erl¢e~ 'Wi til M"Ilssol1ni. • they Wflre not... do gentle ~;",lth Hi tl~ . Still, ov~ ,,4 t il hh, tbe con,f.l.iet wasfl(}t on0 of ~~r1n'~ 1ple . They' were mor(, oritical of m.i~l~r not bl'1 catlsr> he w; ~ moredll.lboUc81 in his d1~f.?g>l:rd tor h~ ooMncy, but be .. C'lU$1$ he semed teeta~lI1.lH.'I ct to QlIlat;!"oy thu ·fffit.~bl1hhl\':$'It of Ctltholl.eimn :in armany .• tth the aception of the Re!1i aterand 'lhe lian~J'0~1 tho op~>o>sitlon to Hitler W ,;«;~ . '~" " , ..:. .7>1 ham t ho offie1..aloorrlC1l1Ulll Qf publiC $cp.oo1 )\,l'blie $otlOols. He t"'(i.f'tl oed to allG'W s 4:.udente to be ~eu$$d ~'r ,:)r.,: d..$$e/. in publio aO·hool.e to a'tt "cd r$U'oots ,or to t~O W oont>?;!tmion Ii> Th· oe tner..!es '~el"e 00. f"tently ~ei tei"at sd as ,4'Q01' of t e eVil of' mtlsr . 5 o.tlly tWio~ did thG 1:'tlbf r.,~ publish nl" tie1es t»ucQnU.ng tr~ wtls of. Na'.!! i$\li uhieh did not t\i.l''''Ct ly cOl'lcern_ as welt, t!le Ih~i uperG(,IOLrtionll o! the Cbu:reh. t hese :at'ti cl '~ $ 'lian'if} distinotive in tlUJit t tv'Y ,;"er;lt \lith t he 1"etl'Jtl'iotion of t.~ le li\l:fl$ mld t hour,:Ms of' I.U'ti5t.S" r .a1'ntlll))',S" 'IlillSci~ne6 l'l.CllV'al.. i&t,,'9j or Germoo.J(';lIii ah tri~ndaM;, r. $ . ~y conciamnEid 8itlt:1' without the uw~ C ;~uivo Mt1C1n t."lut his m.n1st~s had hd hu wll~re h~ .ned no 1ntontion of g()- lx!g.6 The U l ot , t.?O" Qc,c.uio,ottily C'1me Qtl't :Ag:,inst N.lJd,am. on prin .o ipl (~. It pub1ishod an ,~t'tiel¢ by a Catholic jour l.liliGt tl ? and the Ghrb tian 10'11'0 d .nded by tho law of Ood and t ;'I1) l.il~A of ht'WJ.an:'t.ty . 'lhe V1s:Ho:r publiahed an elltof)l l ent qsrtiol@ in whicb it canaoroned &1 t.ot~.. t 1iri.!l,.t} l:"Or.G1$ of ROVerrll'imnt ru>t .Qnly bee au~e they ~!l ded an ult'illila'te loyalt/y "/hlon God li/.lnrle de!.H\!I"V6d, but ruo !;" ~ ljr~rm~t1cHl .ly b~ia:.n~!li!J t hey At.~ta.tl t eCl to 8 iulIDl all Qf llten' $ n(ltfOe by f ulfUang his physi e01 notlds. All, Qf t h0F.f" ~t:i Cl.e$ indU'QCtJ.y- attaCked r:a~dst.'l as itlh~ 1l"€~nt.11 in'll'al1d, but this them li'latl so rarely stress6d IitS to l)(I i neffectual. ft <') ther allot..~r 'tbe."ne s atur ~ti0d t h."'1't trea~m t oJ ~l1thr' ...... thc theme th~t (h'!l'mM Cnt.hol1as '. For ~Ulpl 'Q $' of themt aCC\l~HlttCln~ 91. 111,rmt Hitler tl~e 'tho Br~ok:l:m'l" ~o,... ~et; October 15; 11"> 36. Jun.e: 10, 1939, iiutust 12, 19, 9t ¥ S:Um'91 ng;11r.ot'., \;IOptembor 11, 19.38. 6the ?a:bJ.~~ ttt,l g1l8t $, 12. 1939.. 7~ ~&to~ .:U.o~,. tJecembet' ),1.9)6. ~ . '". 6(mr 9.1n:d!lVi 3t tor, No'vnmbe:t' 6.. 193e ~ ;'~:o-... ":, 31 CIO uld b$ good (tQt."tians it' only Hi tlc-,r W\)uld 4l1o~r :t t . Thq y.ar,ti~~.J"wiHl. t he only pnpr'l,"uhidh trJl!W'st.ad that it 'Waf;) t ne ChlU'Ch' ~ :tefll""" to eOiJf,J'1(' ate wit! A "I t l Ot" aslitUch 4S his rcf tt w to eoopOl" 'Pt'X'aaouUon. Rep.eatedly, M in a well-wrl t tllm artiole t'(;!f.(lrtir.g the N:azi a ti El~t..f:' to $ll'ppt'",asth~ '9i6hop.' s P",et.oral l<: ttorwrltteo at t he, ztulde. CQ,n-. t'ca'ene~ , '1'?n!' ~.bnu ~~ stre:)ged too~ ehnl",nt'a of t.~ Ohureh'a r$1.ationsrdp 'u ' , ...... With Hitler whioh Sh{H>ed i~ to 00 in.opPo~itiO'n to .him,. Stl:'{ing~1:f t..'"lu point;, oi' wM.oh CaUlQl1c3 sur4'}1y "hoult:! bave bIl.!$t) proud, was r.ot oo.ph t.i$1ud ~i. Iil.:ll by t ho other .P~l'Cl't) . Instead tbe utrtD ,f3s ~)V o-n t,~ Church· s wiUuJ(fnGsa to Mtr.:b11ah· u. mpgU5 v~lr~)nt.!l with HU1 ('l". 'l'h~ 'r~;\ , st"ltr;('/ t fuat 111-ro~ t hl) t"ie&tnnit!!'f, t:1I.> ElvioCQPllto ~~ ar, ~l1 ddittpooodto~Jiird deali ng with t be Ocnn:ln Obvcx'pruent. H' 't'ho v?-lot cl:ll;l$(t tQ r eprint tho~ tlX.cOt'pts frQ!)l t be !h a.~p t 1!l h~ tot'al l!\ll'tta'r 'l)j.ch prot$s~d 4%gai1'tllt t tl!'! t1a.zt Oh;.u'gtHlJ t hat, t.b.a ChtU'ea $tood t>lgainst tt.& Gf"t'tlanu, 1,.,r.lt h tbe Bol.shevitlts"Jel,;,e and Mssons.. The f tlll10141ne is ~ e>:.an)ple of the gQn~t'w. iru:l~ of t!J.o$(I/ Q,jOOfJl'l'}ts, 1.Q8't anyone rrtaht 6UKi,Iest th.,. t lilJ./lIlY of thi1SC tJ,tla't.'S"fli' 3R"d.nctiili ch WO' ~ompla;in . and towhieh lie 4.r ~ IJubjectorl, :we t ::G r ~.:jul t of sclf"... der.~~ .. yed 1Ii"l1aetion and w t he natur'."! of l".;!f,r-is.u.s because 'Wa' Oi~rJn$n !lisnops and Catholics retumrd to t .a\co p~ in t.OO nnll Reil;fh. W :r f"Pl~r as i'OH o lllH ~ Gel:"Gl~i ai!~.¢I p s clgein m'ld 'lg:.. 1n; s.nd in ao"l u.n\\! iuivoC.l1 ttUdColr!d1d manner, bsV'n m~d~ ktlQlII'n O\lr lOya,l ty to Follt$Od t'athet'l :md even under tho n!';)w forlill,. tt,.l, d ~ have fulfi llOlo (}UJi' civ;io dutie,i;; ael'Upulousl;:. + " , tue doctrine of t'ace and blood ;.." uld have 't.l. 9 believe t hnt tbe p f>r$on,u.. i ty and t be lHe: of Chti6t ~ h ,thlla" t.?UtID empblll$l:.1rl.gtho~~ G1(1l11ents of t.~ e l~t t(\'r whi ob. w(~re ac .$$1ter e . 9~ ~Of?~l.zt!:r~le t, Oetober 8, 1938. 1011)e' tioo'Wf,l :fI1lo!. Octob.!" 1, 1938 . '.';';: .,?'I,~ .... 36 enouah cl'it1e.1Mi to oaus'¢ toe Nrlziv t o c • artieularly ul);fot"'1:.unate when t"he t.'¥¢,t!lt'pts quowd l~:v tho Ft12~ ~s.~od T.Q r~ ... j~t tbQ ~l o..j t b f.l$ itt or t he Chris tim'l h il1rit-!igc Q~ P'tt't of the otf ~'t ro s tress t ho compatihi ~ lty of C.atw.ll1.eiStn antl r1 UiSl1l, lly its cboieo ·:)f emphnai.s the Pi19ttll readers wer0 aur~l y 1!:if\couraged to 'I/'iJIlw their Cntholici$l, as di"or~d f'~'om i ta 4a~ h ... ritae~ . If th..i.:e w.a cetlVonient for (}ortn1l1 CllthoHe:e, ::tt wes nl$O ecnv(ln1 ~nt for i\iStf'ltlClltl Catholics uho \""Qt'e ffll~V raRod to foll~w tho PUott a r ,"·tlwtdng thllt; t.hEt S('l14nu olet:lent in t he iln i.ted St~W!i1 \;ft,).$S, /,11:. t hlOl l.etu.wt, ~m$l'Jh lJt anWct'si'Ve. ,';1) s;')QtI in the l O!ilt ehap'Vt\r .. tn. Piloi. as well !t~ thifl -r$bl~ t al".d thtl hitd defined . Y!.e?1r't<:>- r,. J'JlIel'ic.lm.ism 00 that 1:t would be p.artteularly e~ :;,t1b1.0 ~'¢ t.h th$ir d\lf'in·i tion of O.a't-ho11cium. 1'11:\lt :1&, i t accentu :.:t~ d t.hose I1Jlotll-Gnts of Mtabl :i,shed Gathol... 1o1am which ' wre Q'U thorltari.an, «>ns ~~ l1 ti'V~ (Jl1d whi.ch nad tt 'losted Ul'tet'o$b 1n 't.ne stabls QU'OJ It the-Xl de-oided that t 'hesl!.l 'w:-re t 'lG~t3 of true _.tCiricaniam as \len Ii "s viw ed til/' tham') tbr'oo papers, too l\me);''icanJ¢'Us,.. .. at.. p po fl~tdly pl"o-u!',tr and pr~ohaJllZ.e:-",, ~ (I! !l$ -much thrr>.atatc- thn 041tlDlic &9lin1tion o1' f'1llerie an1S1ll m~ tJ'ley Her e to t,.~ 1.s f'I4if.'lt'1ct:1l,l aef:!. .n!tion ().t' Catho1.iebl1l" It WU$" t '1orafor e, conv~nlent to dis3sooc1nt'll CliJitholicism from its J-ude« base. It t.:a.!J also eoov(iuientto 7;:li!phas'-:l:8 th~ c'O~ a tlbi,11ty Q·f Catholic1mn Ql:1e Nazism (.atlI)ili(>'t' t';iluson w1l1" irQnl,y to e~s. tllCl1r cCS1sc1~C$5 ., CatholiO$ had to dlsa$ooctt\teth_~dlv (!e frem 1i!le J 'w), ~~ "~ IJU S t1 i f CathoUc'i.st\ 'Wore cor:ep,J,tible 'Wl.th lIme:rieaniOllllJ..'1d /ll13O lfJith tii;l ~ism, 1t b('ftc Cbv).oU$ t tl. 1:ihe true onamt/ of' Ni!.eriaStli1em Wll ~l oo "t. tla21i$l:t but Communi3m. 1'l:de ~ms, t.hat. 'tI~ia!'il lill~ not th~, real etl.l?1'!iy t 1id.U be 'Q"liHltllld iQ, .Q l;Q:t~rcbapt.(!l·, but. .. an a t>t '~ "'P~rs ~~lii~e t.he wll ::' 1Dgt'1~tlS of 01il~1l Ctttbolic$ toeooP('x 4:ta Viith Hitl ~i" • .-,~ .. ';" ... 39 Tbi~ -tll~ pm"'V'dtl t he ? ,~p~$ l t;t'6;.\) unent!:if th ~ Cl\I,tllol:\c "ituiJrt,1on i1'l CJ4lI'!Wl'-J1j! ~ 'lh$ t;'lblet rf"'h ()l"tt~d thst a {}~ ' ~ ;iJ:l ~hop tl;· ~tni8~{1 {k~lrilla~ C,~ t... l1(l lioG - ~ . . . ' .. " tl'l'd.ll l·el~(.d.n rSliW'l11 to t he p'",ths'l"l .Gl'ltl in t:iJ1Ul$ w<'OllU," ... ., " ~m~ t hlilt " C~h- . . ~l . . Cfl.:tcw rJ1%a,.v toJ" hl'.;e F'u~~l¥;>n:r .lI.t . . ~;V en 'lrn,e .~ 'a~u~<,~ qoo wu tlJIlt Cnrti1::nru. .of V~~nnl1 .u: aaying, "I tmvo n $V~ f~:Ut'rd to ~)p}("t)oht~ the bistor:ie,u. if,jpart&nos oj' t ho hcn.1:' \~n tftj" ho~l;lltld rert.u~G t,o tha gt!.':!llt Gr!t'llll,l.n f' ,,~ t~l.and . 'rQii,;/J''!;tl__ w:!.th thrt\ otht'1l' Of!r'ilWl C~troirl·ah 1 gave tb~nk$ .f()r ttlQ w.llJl~ Oetmm..'k atil. order"edtbBrifl{,;in,g os' t hE!. bells ~ , d,2 L::ltl?r'l'hu't r.W~l'W¢l:' __ t~~!'J;,;rk~d that. «de-. Sf'ito ihl:l ltlnd ~Cl!lt4U m,ntit"f~!:ioti Chrillrt1.ml t'aith• . a ~o <$U(;f \l'!y,~llm, could hfN't'1 h~'i;ffi @stabHli1h~d if 't1l~ H:&~i wt, t.¥~pr-_ Cond ~Wt'tly. thm , t he plI),pe.rs, i)ilIrt:te'l1l~t'ly t.he '1'z.bl~ t fAnu t.. h~ ~lo t, r~te t"~ted that. OCt"'I~'n'~ Cl.llt.J:locUelEl c>op""rill,t s.. So lonn &,",1 a posti;libiH.ty l't.'imllli nofl t hat mtl(~r might Q.Uow the ChUrch to COGlpel':..t u ~rl;th him., r!'IOs't cond~.rt.ion$ of N'c1:iililJllO ~t01f' ~ t '~l'!'r!l!ld . 'lbEJ I>'1lot rCJ.~l"'t~d 8 pri/jlnt J reoootl.1 returned frum Gel'!l)~ M nayi~ that lIitl1l"x Wlli:':! not ~Z' tb fJ~ttd.n g ti'.'l-t 'r$' tf.,ut :y of Vi'Jr13dll~:'J,.. t at! dil1~}l"' Mi$ 1t.)l\ ;;:md t.,!e oot(.i1r6GnCe: of Col\lt~1;$m .14tbe ;1$1\tipr blam1!'!.{;l 'ttlO ,crun"ent !lel~.~m beU g0l' enOtil l;)n 'f.he ~!'t'e~ti¥' of V'e,.;a5.11tr$ .and even ino't'fJ $0 en t1u.fH!l:ttt. i".()Il' ttlr-. f'a'tening'. 0er~r.7 . is· hbat about t he G'i'!;;'miiilll J1ifwa1 m t t o.:) \Ml d th0.S~ j?$pel"111 #'U'es{,i thEt comraU ... bUtty ot Ca.thoUcism with fh~i sm 'In d",;~ <>1 ~ nm~ 1 m :u 'b~eflt ot t he Jf/til$. ·~ 11... 'fu __ a ...., ... lJr... · \:,;...."'Q .... .'1l _1.;m . 1'abl!'t. nec.b l:l:t' 31, 1938. 12~ .\~nd: l'bl:"~rJ Octob~;r 21, 1938.. 1~).1d " i:kw~n1b l;'r .3. 1938. 14-nte&st.o» . Q (PU" --.;....,.o" - Sept &"fiibf~ ,,, 1938,.. lSour Sund911 Vi!d.t O'l' , n$omnb ~)r 18, 1938. ··i::~·~ ~ ~40 Antj".;$¢tllit i~ a9 ;1'ound :in a('fi;'ro :~ny I}n~} as ro.f'l tjo ted in these p :;:peX'$ will be U' Qtoo $n tM noxt ~hnpt '.~r _ 1'\'u1t 160"" :t.rrb~'l~lt$t h~U'e i~) hou t.U't'$e PI>lI1(f!"S " Vie~d thl'\ JGl'Iio.h f.r.ea'b'llen:t in (k1rflHl.tlY ;,hen t.lley were Iltte,.'t¥ttnr. to dI elmph4gi:i"0 t hn l.le:line~oj;' t'~~i$!lI .. It h ~ld to be ~nl t ~ith . hhat \J:.!S the -fOprQ.lch? The Tablot did huve an o}'tic.le which ;c-~mtm! th~ t$Xt o! t ho ,'loint it 8 ", ,,,.tr"'" <1' 0,.. tJholic M ~oteat.mti r ftgolut,i~n~(mde ;:,n1ng tl1~ He1ch persecution of JI'l'l"""' tmd 01' Chl"iatians ,16 'rhe porseml't:v>t) of the 1 Qt,t,ur'J' h::;rw:.w~r , r(llce:lv ed t.'1o """i'nt t' '¢,):'li 'hftSi s. Jcps \:et"e beirtg. p.~rs~ut~d cot't.a:tnly, but so N(,\X'-e Ca~ lies. j'j" th~ C~thoH¢11: ",')u,ld ~ltill s t}!!k a m)dM vivendi wltll the Ua~g , wt~ rr,uo;ild t.ho J ..,W!l be 00 'P~l·~iB~rrt i n re;' eottnz 8Ti1 Pt.,'lss :U:;d lity 0 ;.' .~djU1)ting 'to the1U? 'rna p~per ~ , t :lenl 6lo1ved the touehy pl'obl~Q of t !1.; ~azi t.l\ist.te'lt- r...oot of 'lihe J 6iii~ by dismissing 1.t filS an &Qig;~ ~t'.a:ted . pl"olllem.. The only tif!» tht;: .rUot , . 'i;';iblet 0 1;" ViaS, inX'- th~ Re~i."J tfJrtmd The ....iondct· er d1ti t lUCn b a t't~ on t his f,O!lll~hei4. nfflf$ 8~~n.th~~t1c tr,. the JIJw.sh plight 'W10 ~ t hey O£itl it a~ a, i'oteGh.:rdow:i.ng of what 'oi!I;).6 to (X)!!1lf:) £0'(" GI-'>.t'ma.'1 C..1tholi es .. A typS,cltl 4Pfl~Oach 'Ii1 ''N. 'c:1b lShQP of mlW4Uk~{) " Bielhop 3tt'itoh called anti... Satliti llI~ 'iUn-..godly, ~ chru:'i t(l1;)le Mld un~ Cbrj, tlti8'n" butondad by' askin;; th",t tn~ f."i,'(Jl!p to t:t!Olil M UAAS &'t)(l~j.n8 s!lp~m·t th(!J C01llT'litte fot· C,athQlio a~He€iln$ t1~nm .Qt;!r~ Q.t11 .. l 7 'Rhe F1l.ot, did lIWotion tho mrder or J~ W$ in t oo $U'eets of .i\Ustria aPd ~ . . 18 ",", too nfil~ a'tr'ocit.tf)EI b e">1ng e Ol>~'d. t t ed agu1nS't them. ..,:ts COfI(l.(Il'n, 00\]0"1 (1'1:7, ~13 notiVf):trJ.d by 1.ttr ~ltef toot fihat l-faS Or'i.ng dpfl ~ to the J~V13 then 'woulo b<'i ~,_ t - 16t l h~ ~!;,~k1m TrJb1e.J:;, ne~ O !lll!Jb'7t' 31, 19~~ . OC'fl>oor 22, 19)8. 18l1lt+".Bo~.~n PilQ~ Hq 'n t 19J9. ,?\~: ':': ..:' 41 dcm.r1l ~ the Cawl. i Q.$ l atar. 1'.(iY('htajH; the< b~3t ~~~ r.t of: tbia: t.A'{op1.r. 'tf.:t$ ·1Ul ~ tiol~ 1:1:) 1,!!'1i<:h t he ril-ot. $jJol(" 'WitnQt' ~ at s:J"mPQ.,tl!y ~~,~d tho J~~$ pligh ~ 'jt"'- j ' ' - .. bu t t',lt~!:>l~llgbad t hat trU~e :mo::rb afn let<~ p~opl>1'! in Q.ll Gifrtllliil'l1 today :itt'\'} !:lOt m~"''1tiQned "in the 31SCUl ar pI·~G"' .. 'fiH!H~I!! l'1r~z ttl) J~vilith oonv~t8 ~ Ct.rtlloliciem, t wonty ... I:i:v0 t h¢uf;!mQ os: tbtltrl. tl19 1'ht . ~::rmdiill"<:lX' W!'1.J:t ·tfl'~ O':oly p~ e:r to ea.-...ry H I!! ... rtlel(l;:; ~otlt tb ~ p~r s~'Ut;to:ns QJ;" o th('~ than C.rtJ~lie fil in G~ar:w 1<4tha IIbut.. . of OOUl" t'$ii).. ...n It $.?ef.ltl$ Ilb'.riou$ ·t):.. ~t. n~i ~r t.!us~lilli~o:l;" lli..tlr;;-r l'iticoivcd t ho con.. dbIr.n (ltwn~McbcM til 'ght. 'tu~v:e ~p~e'tt!-Q at thiG PQlnt 1,n th!ii ~)!;Wo P!'l .m el:'io'i&. It i s 4i!l~1O ol:1Viou$ thll'titttltft' rec~iv(:jd consider.;iblr ~~.I'!l Ol.' l;tici~ thl'ill did MUS9ill.:i.pi . ~"'r:>'"'1 As both t!1$l. l~(~ ~1tipi21¢ld only in ~vms: iO! u~dr at;tltlld~ to~r'd 1',00 Ch~rCh , it is p€trb~s lo~iC ;ttl th~t N!.looli n.'1. ~tw .!)l:!po~~(;d W C~ cn It; 8$ t hal:t $;t11:'lt', wuld h !ltv~ l:' ''c~lV(lta l Q~ Qr' iti c:!i.~ t.hlidl mtlQr.. Olllr7 't,;'. irJandll" '" t!:. J \:.id~ oppo$~d 'both l!ll,iluon vr~'Cl:pl~, lM('l!1 fitly $1g:n.i!i<:llllnt a.ri tL(;:i.. t3trl 1,:)'1' 1\'U$soUzl:i, The eiQpb.;;as t~011gho!\lt t he,!r tX'~ " tm O~tholie1$m ," \:lhy'i aeeatUI~ t t:tltr t!0t'f) .intoor.'1tar;i.m. oatGn$ibl y o$lleved 1n 004 ilr.d W(llt'e iSlPPQ $~ to Conllnl.nds~ . 't'h.. t !,l~a eDQuJ6bw 'flill t~~~ thlJ. SU1Y~401· t of ~t. le36t tm:· (~.1" ; . :p$h \ll~t. &le~ this ,sq fo'!' r.lS;~ll"1 CIDj Catholici~ a~ it'epre~~1t$d. by the!3e p(o}pg~8? It S$~ll$ to uq th",t. at t his tifMlot eri$is t\m ·~·ican · Cath:>lic8 \1I>\9z 19'1h~ tiomtnn rp"ot£ flO~l~l:',b '.t' r 12_ 19;8. ., .. ~.~ ., 42 " C ru.PT;~ IV ~ NAZ1S, TflE J Ei>JS .'~ D '1l'" f.Jfl~'~IC r\'til C,,,-,mLICS Gllq,nther L~lJY', in his book tlbout t i:1C C... thQlio ohureh i t: n~d Gp.rn.arW. s Communist and c cm~~ '*tlv~ OPi-l(iHlUild to t heUbtrrnlhfll of tbe ~~~ republio w!'..1eb had gone $0 f ttt" as W eive !roodo~ M a'll ·ch1..1ranea in QG rm:'i..~ . tm¥ ant1... Nd i ·sent1m€m~ 'On the part of the CatboHoe ae~d hQ!lCd on tla0.i onC}" sition tIQ t l:l& inf!· t1tu tio.naUz~d tor~. of t.M ChurCh li." Q.thmr t han on ti".ose elf! .. tll~tG' of their progt'alll "f~lch wre inh~l'1~ tly oP{'JO$ed to th~ teachlDg's ot 1 Christ 4 Gwt.ainll thh r .d.~e$, in v11:il'Sf (tf! t be lu'rbi-S0m1Umn Sl."id 50sp ~1 at 010)00 ana f'~lce" ees1Oi*1II' ~f1~~tiQn$ ~a to the billarercby Q.! va-hill') held by these ctwi®t1ans.It wll;tothm, n:o~e s...:riotltil that H1Uer closed Gati:tolie...t'tm ·sahool ~ than t.~la.!t he t'llW'der~d Jows·. Le:"" f(R~l. $ t,'hl) l)e,..,.m C~tbol1(l a t ;\lU~tl to. 0PP0f1t't tRUer aa tt"tronf'.ly Q$ tOO:l ~1ght have on tbis po.1tit be"catlse. b~leal1y, t hEW n1 ,tlle subj~ct. Wl1itlt t1!rtb.~r in 't)llilt ho pod.tl!Jd a ootl$bt~ut ;~n: ti .. ~1t1 .etl!c in C1'U"1$t1~'li1;y . Be be'U.(I!V~d thutR1tler' s "final $Olu'l';1ontl to tho Jew1Gh q'llfi!ls" tiQt;, rather than b-ej"na an aher~~t1on, we . , oultdn ~ticn e.d the Chriotian .•tti.tu d~ w 'Il.sr d tb~ J Gl>iS . :'hn sc' sp.ecuJ.~t4ld t hat the IlVJ;tt't\:lQf.l beaan ~tb Ctu-istian.tty. \ ~~,~.-...... ~... lcm<.mthe1" LQ" . '1'1w Cothol,l:c (l,'nlrcb and np,i~i,. Oftr~ (Naw ItW'I(, }<~Gr aw HUl Book GompGl~. 96Ii) .' ,~.:." "' ('~ 43 was oo't aiml,. Q nw 10m of Ju: OhriGt Qnd, tllP'r.f;e, (,1.£ delCidtl1,.2 " 'l'h1.G paper nno al~"oady eealt ..o..th t.!'}C w:UUngn0sa of 't\heae P:.l;) ~.s to .nrh auao t h& e~ntlbi1it.Y of ~fs "'1Sl1l with t.l)eit' v f.jl's1on of C.. ttwU.e1S!1l. It has. aLoo i ndic3teu t hat ,,t'e s~emed 't¢I be ll lack of 4fl'1 l.">tal co~n about the Gem an J o~ ~ J.bat., then, did th~!W P ~P~ft e«/ .:l;~t IKtltdt"s anti... iS$mi~ t1$lll os $'Uch ~lifhl'lt. if rmy., refl.eet.iQI1 .Qf 'Ul~t $ml1r, ant1... ~ i tU~ was ev1denti,n tbdJ;' CIvil :'eterenof.!s to the Ja'f>:i~1 A rew tWtielea d'~sodboo t nt.! !l<),!:" rot'e of J ~l dtsh l ifo in Naiii ('~T1'.r . 'l".fle PUo't,repr1ntf!d OM etoryoi :nucb..~e~d and l}llchau, r(,}l ilti'ng now ~1e1l.... ~, knQWl tales of nSJtht art'~$.. b¢atings, boxeat'a ana tOT(!.Qd la'bo.t".3 Alt,~ough 00 t1rt1~o accompan:t.ed t !lC photo·gr'al'b, the ¥,\eeat0r ran .n ti:'OIlt pGg (') picture o.f a ,Jewish $t»~e 'in Ger~~ 14th th ~ '001:'0 J~dt)pilU~d iM, ON ~WJ a .larrs~-f'Jl) '90d e ild.Q ~·tut'~, of t:J; J~ on ~oth~ . 'i'he, o.lj;'1t 'i cu ~c.co'!f!1p~nS the' pioture, r etid Il ll '~~gic Story Is fold."!! Other al't!elea Oondenmed anti.. Semi ti$lll as bt'tns aga!nGt Ca'tooliQ pl'ln- C:ip.1M . 'The PUo~ st~t.ed tb<~t it was ;against th~ ,,!:'i eial $"JO sitioll of the l,h\a'c~ unci t.he "{!.ri~I!" eill&d fl1tlt!l"' 9 allti:... f.amitio t1ratmS !fa dllrect attae14 ogatnat t he Omlr~h, thllt ?'ait-h, t Jle, Sible tlnd iZ..v~n Ur,,'OD ch~ S\l9 Cbr'ist,,116 Gen~ruJ.y , how~v~ .. upy d0f en!9Q of the .leNa tias fil«de WUdg1.1'lgl.y, Qi'ten sW'fiXed ",'1 th ,equivoetat.ionsas in the Vl.td. ttlr IU"t1C1o which rQund Fft tl ~l" t S ..R treatltMt of the Jew neold arbitrariness if not brutUltyt, t'!I'1en if thO'I weI:' 2Jul.eCII IsaQo, 'he 1'eQcll~a; ot . Oon~Et fN0W York, 1101t .. ~h$'t l(Illd ltl nston. 196h) ,II • ' . . , 3Th! EtostQn!1J:ot, JulY' 1, 1939. t~!!!! DetlYol' eSit~UO. Roii(Jte-~., Snp:wlUbp"r 1$" 1938. '!lie ~ston P11pt, Doo~r t lO# 1938. 6~r 3unda.y; Vl$tt~ . De<*l.ber 4, 19)8. • ,,:... i?'i·~ .~ h4 il~t1 of th~erW$ of: whl~h b~ accused tiu.?llt.1he at'ti'Cle ondod l\l;av!:ntt unco~reeted ' he l lfir4:'~ssio m thnt t bc g\.\'.U t 1:) £ the' ·J 0W9 wm~ ;incj-eed ~ po",.bi~ .. :tfQ,1 rnontionod ~ t he l a. s t eh~ter" j;!})y I'tllll ttngt'x ~.lbout. th~ tre<~tm:<.Jn t o f t he Jews in Gamany seemed to' occur <)')~i.:r when 'the p:apot' !;J l'eQo·l!.nt$9dtl:Jat. it Uli,ght ~ll be tol1cn1t'ld by $imU~ tre3.tr'l$nt for th~ C{~tholiQS. Looked ~ t ft'Oi!I t.b1 lJ'\i'i';'\tp01IJt, t.'1.e_P1,l ~ 't ~1J!lm.a·~d anti- ~..i t1$m as buing against tl~ OeellU'ation or lndl1pmld&f'-CG, the BUt .of' ilighW Md 'the oXiatetloe of God.... b l.a,ttor b '~ t.1Pt{! basi8 Qt... tlte r(!1"rQ~r legnl w't\ctvlle.on,t of, Um dig ni ty or the i.ndtvl.iual at'ld hi$ill$ Gl11int1~l 'worth. $Q V.at'lll! '\ler"t1 th~ $j" ~path1es at t he- P:$,;1et. !~blot: .tmdVts!,t..(jr for the JtlWS., .${). u~wU.l1n8 wat" f'> t hey to ra~ ' tlii.' moraladttis 1fj"/dlv~d :m their detl'd.... $uJ'port of mtlel', tb.'rt they ~M.smp ted ~ d1amus t..'l ~ p6:'se®tion Qf tb$ Jews as mitl11llal · tD comp~i.s/) tI w that of Ger!lll'.m C!l.tuQl:1ce. rhi~. of course, MI' tMPUQt put it. tJtbo per,,~ol;itit.;)o n oi' Co.t hol ic$ is not ;it 'fild t 1es$ 't'1~al than t l'm pfll"Sf'Ctrt-ion of too J l"'W&. " 'J:'h• .p~r .addod ~t,. ItA. .,'&'{I, of (!ourse, clJ.":lnot C~ a e.~ on-ina a Je1t:. &t t..~. h~'1('e ~I;llO S \ the bett.et' of it til.&'e .. Th~1' aanoot buy 111'0 nt t he price of' ttu,~it" soul$ t;Ven if t.~0i!l ~uld viM to <:b so,." file Pllq:t C-onc1l,1dedon a gel'lJ,'X'Qua note. n:ht tait'lWl'!~ . l.~t. us ll'Yti1Pathi~e w.lth aU vict.111e or 1nju~tiee . u$ ~2 ~... nder~ stood in vivid I'!-on'b-a$t. to t!>a ~oaeb of' t he 1)Uwr p llIp.ert*on tho $ubj,t!c t .. It. ran s1.'"'i6'lI'tll $Vt..icl~a @Out Atl'ti"'&1r4tiGm in Italy, si.~nifi(!~nt b~;.lUsOOOM'fW n over oot.:t- Gend t1fJ1! !,n tnit,t d:QW1tty would not have 7lbidU November 27, 1938. a The . Bo!!~,n, Pilot. p.0be~ 24.. 1938 .. 4, W.n bn!lt':{i on rc;t1· ~ t hat, it ~ Srnii'iiM._, fIb bnrbm."ima dhpl~ed by l'kIN~il'iY I1\tid rol.amd wlth ~·ell ...wd to the U'eatltent of Jews, intloeent victims of raei.ij.l U.\.itL'sCSt 1.s PQrhSPSf;71th¢ut pwallol. ill the hbtlry 'Of b.umal"l abilbo:tlon.,tl9 Aooth~ artiCle rept1l'ting t bG bur"'" ~ deeW\lc'ti.()ll or J () ~13h b!lc1uo~oo $ m V10:nna... ~~lin rind ~nicb $ong Qtil(lrl" ,eitie$, !:'t~d t1:~t theJ'([f,wa t'1&Ttt Irlitmt3.l.).y d~liv~ecl to tho stre~ t ''0$.. .. . 1) 'by UlI$is tJ~ngly 1nt £~nt on t..1w Mo:llOtOic a!Jd Gtlcial dCG'tl-.:a;tion ofJ(,'Wr".;.lO A tncmth b ter 'rbi!I Wan d~ er. &tated that f!th& i~ens~ peroocution ~r tl'li,\l JSW$ 1UOev:mltny g,t the ~e$e1'l t t.1~ b ~ tlroow ·Qolt tlb t he ~~\1'14se i n. t()leranee \d.th which t hey \lSe tn,lt&d in e.11f.O st <:Ne't7 country 1n. tite 1iIi)l"1d eelturies '0., '" ..,,1 1 ' ~'t). ':~[!'d~~ did nWf& .Ill"tiol ~sO-n the th~. so vopuln.r itl t he other P~PM'S', t hat a t1 oonspirao-y of :sUenee" JliUX'l"ound$d. Gtroo1t1(!}s /again,gt t he OhtlX"ch while J!'~'ish pt'l'$0C'J'M.ons !'eetdVe(i iront l> ~0 co~~age . 1.2 &It u.n... l::iJ.l:.e t he otiler P~l'<$, "I'pe ~ War-dflt'm' U,$80 'that term to refe;" to. therl'lU':f.l:tng .ot lIr'Qnsa Oth0f' tha'll tOO$~ :9\:d~fdN!ld by eu'b,holica. f~or"~:\lraplf,.ll it t'QU $(ffwal artiel ~ s on 1Jl0 lack of n,ca'tl 40neern abollt t he, lmg7to pl"Qblem in this e0lW..... try, drll'llling a parallel between 'sil.~fl om t hat que$tion i n th~ United: states .tllla silc~ ,on t h(!l: JfJwbh qU.e·S taO" 10 O.em«ny. 'lbe vaper 'warned that liunlGSi!J \Ie r0~unl ape0011y tQ $i)UOO oono~pta Q.f b~ brotberllOOO urt31ng not ':rel'tl C vnr.1le hw:3;,Im.sm. but tl\:lIll t b.e!tnesotWable ~ndllte of Chri3t:l~eh~lt;'I j we are hel pi ng to :prepare tlllO' gt'0".mI:J i n thfl$O Un.t t!ad S Mte~ f Qr t ..'\e 1~en'tLc31. t~ 91,he 'h~a!ldlM'~r.t )k,"fNliber 10* 1938. 10 :tp'~1l' bb'ltltl!ib.w17. 1938 . llnd,du , ~m.ber lh. 19.38 . 12Ibidv Novemo4i:' 2u, 1938. 46 oft'1101al ioto~0ltal'lee we· c.ond_n in iJitl('!l"a NJlti~"i9l $) ¢i81.1 ~r.i ~ !l13 l'W'a tb~? lbw did thetu~ Cliltbolic pllpers .1&';;1 th~, J0"WQ? All \URig... . s¢Qt'ed t )10 Popa' !;! h1.etol'io vole . ::l~ Pl'otllc1m:" 4n4 Dh::lt~lder of t ne Jn~I$ . 14 But , ~1n vQr1ou$ &qU1vQcationt; d.,flneUld tM:)B st-at$..-:aents to t tll:! extent th4l.t th~y h fild litU., df€. Often at,ato~n-t~ .cone~n1ng tb& 1'- rie ' srale {l.. W0r e uaoo ned:. to 8t.t' (l~n t b9 bond bot~n Chr1ts~~ll and J:r,"li9~ but s s a i'lC{UlS of point-ina out t he apPitl,l"ent ingrat itude of' th6J ~~I~h A.S t."* V,& OQid, !1~~nd~t4hEtt l ; er tr~e ,$po~. $ st\l.. ~n io~ !f!i:rT/ ot.her Cllul'cn idould fi ght th0 bati;lf'} .for t!10 J ews at sueh & riak" 0$p(~oiGll.y (,ri:n~ the' Holy F."t hel' l¢nQws that in t~~ paat J~g ~~ ('! aUin4 !;;ito anti .. ChM.~rbian tor~, ~r.dn$t. 'llmG Ohm-cn be th in I t411y i'.tncl in otht>1" e"()untd lA ~ •.!tlS 5.- 1'ite fi!!n8, tet_ .. ... W~~ ' oa~idm'l',I.bly 1~$9 (1~,enfti:ve:W. alltm p~lbli.shing at' ticl~a 6Poc1Cia .'as. l)R1.y lOltieu t~t tho;! ~lll d be att4loked. on tfl$ supposedly sei()llf.j.1'1c gt'oundu of r,m'CG__ t-b~ 9'Jt t ic-les tt'a~od eaz:-li« attaeka a~lilinat tho JOll.'S $Uch aa t.~ ltliddle Aeeu chAr, @, 'that tJ't.t'y weerit' 1:.1Oooy... leudolr'G :and el'l!(pMc;!1z.-edtfm~ this 'Wat';!, ,,)'h tiilll,t, title. th& onlY' prOi'(h'lS1Qtl:they ~0;illoW$d to f QiJlow'. 'l'h et'/ u~eS$ od til. ,Jeld$h cont.ributiJ;m$ ta t~stez'n aiV :i:'U.~ ation ood w~d th'it £'01' t he Gel' m Gomrn eultl:U'e a.:.t 'WQU ;i.G t or t i lt"; J&W$ ,,16 l)~~p! ~ JUf'le ii, 19 39~ l.4ror Gx~l Ft~ s~e ~ _ Br O(;)~lYll'fabl«t.. September 214 .. 19, 3. 01;1'r $mdS[ Yu:i:to:r·, <:jeptdbel' ll., 19:1. • - - lSour Sun.<;; \,v V1-sitorp September 11, 19)8 1 6~ D~v;~r O~il()lt.c R$£!1st&:r; Z1i~ ob ),. 1939 .. ",<-ot;~ ~ .' .~.. : 41 'rhe V'1~tor o;{' fer~d anoth$t' V10~O.f t UG J (;~t1~h 'ConU'i'but(Lon te l! !eS~:n ,. "' - ~l t,tU,"$. It eiallod 1!J:i~1 r'.notori.ougl1" tnt·til.lee\nd. and iiU.. kno~'tl iib()ok ... .. l;'~ru:lel"l!I, t.fiiTikalt $ ", Ii SUClb th~ 1!a~ t9~ tl»u~t tb~ m:l.ght, 'i'be . ae.=B1s ~, ill an M 1tOl:"hl et1M. t l e4 "Our Bt*oth~ t he Jeut! etdd tb.,..,t r'suon tht~~ are mt m:rtb,f or Q1:u:'ist-1an peo;ll.. s, • •. • n18 til! othel" papt?t'a, 1Wtm the Vt.:t tor, ostnlltd.bl,y' ~eed. Tho i1:l,lot. sad antt.. l:'k!m1tism . . . . - . - . W3S a O ~Ug0 f:01' IWne~ tl~£ «Ifi'ryr~ ll t;..m:tndcd AmriCIJU'l ... .. " . 11 MmU, 1't s ai d" had ,cHv1de 01J':il 'Wf;\S all great 03$ the ot h,@r .. l$ ~t}n ae tJh;oll'>, OO ~# flOne 'Of tm" papera' $ti'tnd '~. th~ .u$sticrl of anti... &m:i.ti~o:oul.d l)1J,Ve ~~ mq g;"(t~it. CQntio.lation' to t M Jor.ta. ;tho ~cr, at gr eat It'flgt.b alld: t.:ith mot'e tln'l:.husiIlStll • .01.·00 eOf\tbn.p~d _i-.Jcm'.tiG 1n t l'lll Ut)i~d St tlt0a. Vgi Ql.l s \i'l l:"t1cl.~s told of CQtholiQ~\lPs , 'WOt'k:i.cntt alone a-1!"with Pt'owetittm. dl!'11OilIiaation$;, t."ilteh triad ~ $~ t.he l'ts.o lio st.Qtld ·.t!l l~f> ne!:!!!lt nlJ,tl1O~ig.. ~~S:i, $~" fl.1rcb ), 19)9. • 11~ t' s;md'l V1~1!p1" , ~lal' 24. 19.38 . laThe. . 9!lW...E CatfWU c ~A~~ J~ S, 193"" . 19~~ ~stQn, Pilot, July 1" 1939 /I 2O'l'he, kand,e%' ~l" , Dec~r' 8. 19)6. ;,:;.:: .,,:-~':' ~ liB l'oli€ionc, rvOod-ile liho snid; fI.';t'h:$. fI n~w oom~{nr:h'r.r.mt. I a1:we ~ ln to )1'Q:u ~ UtiLt ~u l ovE} ono ssnQ thElt' ati I ba"/e loved you • • , " fllb:' do l:JE} Pf' Oi~(JOO 'to OO~l'l'out' fJ€tu1ticn by 00 W Qh (1:$ II bdrsbrendth" Ul'll1.1l. thor.o v¢rscd. tn _he _ tot Hol y ~it con );)o<1;)oe $0 tlueh U$ 3 {d."1£!:le lflf"n t @j:1CO thot f ell £l:tom _ U1'$ 0.1' t he S~\l' io!' "lhleh could be const i'tutod as s;pprov,al or jt\:~tti'io~ti~n ~jf t,hoz~ersocutiof\ ot Jews;.. .. forJ the l~ !l ttel·of trurt., (If .my peopl e "mat,(lI'Iel'. 'l'hep ...perseond01'.med t ho principl e f!)f anti,..~ll1ti~. !:b.. i eYet' did ~ey tow.art1 el$O ?kbet t M The Vi."3I . t .ito _ r.,wMl~ p ~ t'l;.y in 1t$ ~tt1tude tho, Jet'l3 96 <1'* t part , fdmply to ~ r~ them ~ »\th t he Pilot and t he ~b~ e.t the pllo tt~r& in ~~whllt difi'erent.. tbt'j On necembeF 24, 19)8, Pi-- lot ..... r&n an editorial hC"u.'iod If~l l'oople Israel. U It statced 'that t he ~Jltootion ot tho Apostleship or rt"~yor ,t"or ~m~ wa& t he conversion 'Of t be Jews,. It thtm f,):uoted Q p~ ayc~ t~ tr..s J-iass of t.h.s Fr e-lIIMctifieci on Oood h-idayj apparently QS an e:t ~)l () of: Ufiy t.he J GWS m.>eded ,oonv~s1on. 'lbn pr.qer lRefa~d , to t ham ~. tlbl.:tnd J~tl4'h fl l<;chomg the Vi 1'.tl:t2r, th~ __ ;:"'_ i fteste d tt~t t.~ JeW's l"ffad t.'1:ie and othg Oooc l i'rtdnY et'ld tl;)ly Slttur<1;,w li~s1 e$ . It pl'otdsed that tttl.~o ~t U titId p,'ophe:eies which :/ll'e ob?t1ous .for~sh.ado~nf!$ of Cl1rist. " It 'a~ stranu-eto too j1J:gt tbat th~ were not. 1ntolUc~nt uT ,o~~h to $en t.h$iOO ro:re:sb. ado~g$ 'l'lhen tl1'h& lhottl:t-s ·of the Law e fhb OtsUUft$tG't' t b(1 JEl'llS \brought the Pilot. to the bri t'.l¢ Qr rej(Jotlng the Jud.it l:H\~$ of the Christi.m hEivit... llV3 . A Ml'idooey dia eu~d (i) 1~r li¢l':' :ttl this pP..p er., l"l1tbaPPG.:t"Got ~:pprov.u the paper ptlbltshod th$ deni.alof the ooto'ber 8, 19:38. b9 ~ ellbisbO:p of: ru,~ .,;) s.t a.jJ t.llat Chl:'iatia.nit;it had tin ~.t1 tim,:;. 't:.13 borl.:d '!>)it h JlJddsm. fhl) ,\rchbi!l~p 'fJal¥1 pr.otl)st:mg 'l gl'li:ne.t l;l. deor~ that t£a t~c,,'1e r:l" gi''1re np :r~J.1.. '" (P.oll3 ¢1:a 1iltf.l ~6 aineo Chr'l.ntio.nitoy ~as b+lrtod on JudalSl'j. & . pointed out " lltld the r i1o~ aC~\llled to ¢oncur, that Chr :i. ~ tt lii teuChi(1Ga 'Wer e bacea on })iviuo fi O"V'·· el~tion and not on JQldsh trndition.. 22 !\ fem l\1Ontlls l awr the Ptlo; pJ,blished !mOther ~t.1clc "itb the sallie t bQlOO" 'l'hia tlfllf>l: it l~~poJ't.ed t ilt! demuno1 Jiit1$u by tll~ Bisher€, of h'uerzburg ot ..., tl~ liqs-1';.Gt£anti¢ p1"l)paganda 1n G~nany link:i n~ Cbrbtiam. iV to Judi'.dtr.n. The .Bbhop is ,uQted ns ~H~fiull : "'l.'lw, l'eg~ d i)lW tai th ao a J Owi:'lh m"eatioll.. 'i'llia 4 fetal. er ;" or ~ •••I t 18 imp c; ssibl.~to $V alu~~ ·CbrisUl\ll".ity as a o "} , ~. "I_ f urther olution or as G. Vt\:t'1ant 05: Jur:uum.tl9 'fue f'~t soet:dtlf).y agroed. ~. $ay~ thut the l'lazi t'eferM.ee. to the f :OJ~ :.tS the 'lSUprEmO n~bbi of All Chris tbn$'/ was "oJ1e- o,'f tf:\a vll ~s t .:'l: tt(.l~9u on t ho pOtltift' by tha Na~1 $, .2k On(J, Clil!mlOt CI.$ "action ot th~ J udee l;nu~t1 o;f Clrt !~'rtirmlty floS Ma;neOur'agemcnt to an.ti.. Sell'JIe~. Se;1theV' can one .000 0Ul;\l! that editors of the ,P1lQ~ man dctdicated to the 3rt of ColltilU1.l1Q31)ion, oouid have been Un al;N(J of tho ~r :f cct on t heir r9J.tders 'Of t his. ,at,M bIde t0Wal'o th~ Jf.tW$~ pat'tl~l. .ilrly at lit; Umo ~~Mtl ;lnti.$(git:1.$rtl Wlitl) a ~:t.1.n,g thrll!$.t t.o ,t tl-/Ji ftree ~ r1Qtll!l r 1lliglculil bo1llt.lllca3t in t ht) UmtEld St .at4~ . l:f the In.lo t it.·lelf to v<"lgue but efi'ce't4va innuendoa- ;tl$8inSt tile Jew, the fabl ~t did not. The Tablet ~z;r~ntl1 concurred in the boH..,.! that t h$ J:e W~ l'l tl"l')Ued 1nt et'ti;ltiQn~ laaaee. Cotle~ · ~uently 1 t hM l i t tle ~u ~ tor tho struOO1~ot Goman J O'.i.'$ to l'ftee-t the f'1rw ~vi~ on tht?m 'by t/;J,0 tla.zi ll.toVertl'llant at'tllt" t he murd.e\l' .by 2~he; ap:l~~~ Pl!o,1?;Jatlllary lh" 19)9. 2)D;tda) Mi.\V 6, 1939. 24!b 1~ •• ,~ July 1; l~ 3~· . , .~.: " . ,::.;~ .. $'0 ~iWoe. Ao cordi~'g ;1:,o the '~t.sl'tl!l~ tln tfj.n.tihitrsim,1l'1 p:lrt 01 the ttothcch11d fort,utltr ccu;tld :t"Gn$cm all t.l-J.n Qnl"lllart .J~N~; ·.. ':i.'hl.tl Soe:Rl:r.n l~ly 1rl"f;il~"'~t stoatemel'tt. .. app::rr.:ntly it1Pl1ed that, ttl."- ,11)\':$, h!td 11(') tigbt to pro~at the injut·t1 (!~ 01 t,'10 f:!.no. 2$ morn popul~ theme l.ritb th+' T~ble! was that 01' ~l'. Ile(i Jet-dsh suprort o r COlWiunism. The rabJ,e~ rap~ -;:rtodly ~l.l'lpha~iz;erl t~.lt t~'tU0 it. might have bean (.'1.f'f1cul:t to d~eu;t~n'!';. ther J /'wisb :t"Ole in .fQl/lIJn'M.. ne tbe Coummi13t $UOv61' trion, the1r SllPf'O"(t of 't.n'i1 Oo~i,"1t. !.-oynl l et$ in tOO Spturl.ttl Q1v1.1 l; ~ hud ;;mde it ohvlo-us to JWml'icm Catbolic''8 Wl")l" C the Jews stood. 26 Indioation or t11$ connection betvc~ti tno t,~ could be found eloner to ho~~ It t ob~'iQ~ t hnt >:~jlenevt.W FathCl" Coughlin at ';..:lckec!. t ho ~tmi.ots it '~n.$ t..~~ J6irl.S!~ controlled cofmlun:tcations $y ~ ttm \.tdoh triGQ to silence him.. l'br ~ havi r;g pointed outtl'J at ~tbe1,~ t.!.e J 1tJ\-J;j ~Cl"' 0 ·too pt'om1tllfmt :tn iurt!It,1'l:'il'it: t hlf,i cause of Ltlnit)jl CoUgl.int.lM as:1{.i1od IlSol d d~ender of Nasi.8lt.t 41flcl ao OOitl.g a,nt;t,.. r~;}iti(l •. ~S$ !l ttUQ~$ ~rc QOV io',lsl y IJlIlOk e~cr .efm;$ to proteot those to w,~ f ather Cou:;Olin H::lC a th{'~nt. 2'1 fl.fI t or Z"nthcw Coughlin" , t he Tilblct r0zu1o.rly print ed t he @It.ir"O to.."tt of his r:lld1c broaocllstlQ u,.'1 d s t.'ltad t.hat; i t beliaved "Couijhl:txdsmll l'tl)ul.(! ()rt$ d~ be t ho proud looel of ~1l1.o1at fl.1'W!l'"le&na" Th~ pt:':1a~;t wae ea't., of oo\w~'lfJ ~ w.ti.. · $e~ld.tie. He G~..p11 d~oouniled all per-SI')Cut10J'ffrather tharn ':loly the 'Par$~cution in Gl'many. 'I'h1'({ 'tu9ant that he denoun.cod t."o ColtlmUnbt p0t'a&- cuti~J;1 of the C I~ th ol.1c3 jon R"5 :;10, ipain trod i~i Md, " thone dcnun.. • " ciat,1or..s iuV'olv·ed J,c"'St It "1M o:nl~f thoua J e,ws who h.Gd d!llpllt'te.ci from lit he path ~ f thoU- fntht:!!"s. PZ8thMt: Je ~lt) , ~ t t».ugh FO-b.Qbly III mi~dty, W$l"e tho ()Qntl"(dUn;,! vo-ices of t he 3od~t goveJrnni:(!nt; 'fbe 'i'a".s.t J..o)"ally baoJ!'~Oougil l in even to t.>;:o oxt cnt ot COml.D[! forth. 4t ~~l'op.riate :tr;teNnls, with i'0t' ~ 5100 Brot>¥l '.\~ r~b:t~ Novembii?.t' 2'6, 19)8. 26;rbic"tt J M.u,'1l?y 28, 193~h 27tw.,cJ,.. pryoeJltber l O, 1938 . 26 lbtdu July 29" 1939 .. .,.~.; . f~"~ ~ 51 ~nt :~ evel a.tion ~.. 11'or ~aMfil$ 1 t r a\l$$l6'd t"l~' ,0 be.1.u of ti~ Hlll.H.ia toraian o£'r:t" , ~ who had d~cl isl t'OO hb chicI' ~i'l! in H.tfl t() b~~h!l :;:t\,.,et" tl:x'ow of " thQ del'JocrnCi,e;s". WllS in, f4e t ;l J ,,},('1ntmtOd :.Q10$o~ ,4br ~ d1,<:l t he J ' ,,~;s pors0,C,llb FatL'Qt' Coughli n'? ne¢ ~tTein hill :Jrtt tll ~ to to undol'.'$t-and t.~ tound l?tJ, Q, n of t.~0 iIa,:\1 antip~~ tor 'the Jen:ro he hild un e.ll."thed t ..he1 .r 001'lr. ectie:n vith til(t C¢nilli~ni :'!r ~ . l:!G t·tl MJQ:n~ in thl:$ lt2av;, lor '!!loll-or 'Ul... foUhded r~:rott$1 th$ ()el" Jll ~n~ bll4l'r4d t he Jews for t ho ~ cial and ~ cvI'lQl1de1U$ of t ,'le F' Q , ti:l.~%·bt1d since V~)r ,$4'dl b n _ l'\':lp:.u:'entl,v th"'Z'G 1l~.$ some cl.o se roll)tioMi:li p be-t" een m e J O".rb h control of OO~"1Y f & f j.n"t,fi C»!> ~ld Co~un1nm bcc.3 u:!le N~.r. i ~ ) being ~ :re.aC;tion a~9 1~ v t Com..mun1am... bad boe-'\) forced to Gp o$'" out tlig l;linst t .'le J tliW·$-.. not bee::.mllt'l th~ M ntro-lled ~l."aum fiMW~S, b-lt becauso t!';.~y l1(l!re llCmc1!1oW r flS'tK)tH:Jible fol"Col.'!ln'ilmism bOCOliS (1 't;¢ll"G4 t to ct mnT1$ . It is not eln~ lihat thfl J D't~a .Q;8 f'inal1eilWs t;mye b ('Jo w1tlt t he J'(1oW'B s.fJ Cow.muniot$, but Co~hltns ()<:;l'fm to relf) to th~;\ tw. AVptlX'imtly ~1 ~ finano1er J'l# who ea~ $.erl Oermruw' a i'inandal troubleo 'WIlS also th~ CClf!~..1n1 et, J O\i 't;fiO '~Q.S profit.tng ftoom Gt tma."'iY t 9 fb ~'lci1l1 -t:r,ooble"", U , of cc)ut'se. (:Outlin hll\d C;lO(lOl1 'to (Jot Na2J.i~ up ;as a. rellctton to (l:emaq f a fit1 ~j, .u . dii£i;C',ult.' .0s onl y, it "Xi ul.d h,llV$ bem airii>l er to trace thdr :sntipa:tflf f or to'll} J Cllga tc the. I itlan... ciAl prominetlee ot ~ .r £· 'W~. Eat on ~ill ll t gt'oundu ~ l! ld h~ haVO th{!'tl be'I'11 able to j .Ull'lt.:if) tladum a'l.'l pral' «.nbl~ to Ootttn~m? lilO. t{3,~sm hutd ·to· b0 the rOO'.llt of' COl'irflUMsm. Cougl1n wuld p:t'Obubly h~e be-en 1 tIlo alleg n th.at trt~ J e-lIS cnu ~ed G~m c¢onota1e 1l1Q .l;ld eOflcsntl'{l te· on tt>.otJl as Comwniat,s. '1'be Na~rl.Il , h"H:n.t 0t'1 b,:tc1 flU,Idtl t he :fom~r t he. t l-." 'r!!ore prominent th~ and CeUf,blin.,. «PP«l' C/,lIl t ly, felt b& h~d to lIOrk it. in $OInl u~ . -- 29ih!id.~ AugUst $, 19)9. ".... ,;:.;~ 52 To euppox-t his tb'ilOI'Y thnt Me a.el'~alls ....e¥'f$ jU~Jti1'i , @ditl atl{ipfil, o 'til\~ Jo'w 'of ilsvtng Com!m.mh't, oc>onections, Coughlin },ublion0d a 1.:\40£ f1afJte~~t A l ondtng Commun1s t a. ~t.lll1Y. ~()b~'dlng to h18 H were J (I~'fs. Fe1"tilese Ooutthli n. lie:rtod Doit,ht:.'lo:U" Russtitlo ~'1d Je'llJ1sb 1l4lllElS . Mia information sllppo~dl;y' ca=e f rom a tlr'i.'tisb 14h'!'ttt ? s'p ~r . In aottlal tty it CiilM n-Olll !ie."lU Fahey, M rrishtn~ who had bitl'l5&£ 'PUuUsbod a Vir.. u1e:rt ::lnti- :'~t1 c book. Th"~'!!tical Sedy ot· Chr 1.3t in the lif.o OOl'tl ~ld . i'abo},l"ec(}iv5d hif.) inform ution :foom a .British publication called n"rh~ Yi'l'triotft lfthicn had, in turn, t aken the information frota a French publieatiotlcalled '!Doc~nt Ol 'th:oliQue. II It had rrubHsh~d tbe li9t in 1920, B~y:1.ng it WM balJe.Q on in1'ormatlon tl'Oln tl aecl'/,lI t An~('ican SecrQt Sel"t1co l." 6port . Not only ... ..as th$ r eport secret, t 4e /i:rll <1r:l.oan Secret S"rvice wa$ 00 secret that no one in tho Uh:i"t~d St *ltea b{)lie'Ved it $ted. The only ~i&i1ar bod1", tho United ~t.'! t~l~' ~cret Service, denied e'ter' having $\len a l1st• .30 Unfortunately it took SO!!!~ t itno to tl:nr ~lV'e.l t he lffLlCta. " By ttutt t1J\l~ J undou'bt edl.y, n;.u.oh d~ag. hall bf)on done. '1'brou~ho'Ut hh G'ler so !1lubtl.e de1lUnciaticm(f of the i.Je ffl8, Cou.ghlin re. i~r ated thnt hI) W;3~ not "lceusi"lg all .16W$, onl;y t.'hi:')S0 who \"are iIlthe1ets. fffb OId:,r dt:J ~'ll.t \Jith t.'1c;: subject at O ;;tU~8 tl>t'!t prOchlQ ~ 'fJIO, effoot l(noWf), ;)os N ~ 1;; as 11 d,eien$o 1':leOilJ4ni$ll tl{P;w:::t t he t n revelations wuld lead all Jf!'wiIth l.e.adcrs, :tnde15'd.oll good Jew$" to t'ep ud:i .. a . teth~ aiJle!stie-Comnunit:Jtt in thedJ:' Mdst., If th4\IY w.,"U'~ to tb 00; thom \/ho. unlike Oough1:1n" bl~d all J atis for the u.otioU9 of IJ· tn, wuld see hoW! wrone they "$1'''')1. ~,~""-----,, . . . 300uSt ~f!1\~' ,.e:fS" '~-Mr~~or B~otr'.i; i~ :tn ~, t,1l5.1~ st 'l't$~ . (New York. Random fi(mt8e, 19u)); PP .. .,. 2. Jt~he. nroo~l:yn 'l;'ablot, Novenbal" 20 , 19)8 . '.'; .. : 51 What did too l'a:blf~ t ba"te to $i;1 tilbou.t E'sther Coughlinte, logic? lather (hugill-Ul. "~t~ w$.t tloOut ~411ol rQt' ''bola ~'1d ff$3T'ltiss hon~~ty. " . rJ~ ~,d d oponl.y A \.1/ls'!. ;nillior.s are ~v~3"in€ in U"'il'orcli.:"l.3l'>Y conv(}l'cat:ion~ . '" •• It JU, ne f r om t r.e t' 4'l ,~ c t;ion of t ~I"'U' reil~' s ~ t l ~1'i1.'bl,p'~' l.)el1lWtJei he I!~pl'~ssed t'h~ Vi tn..t:olot ¢:I: ~ e r-il~ go'tll.une ,\i: '1~~t. " '!Fpo, l (tlt t he tX'~ .:tt.r ..ala quot.fd "rend thnbL A. tord, S.J. 1;rfU-mml)<.1 it up, aftoE'i!;t" an 1nwrvi ~'W wlt.':l ,Fat-run" Coueb lin, C.. 1:.":Iol.1 cs s l"JOl.ld "hit. 'bl olclt at f.ro ~1&ft.t3 t~ ~t,t.ffl'tl:~r~1.l ~ ~l3e Ul" t l1;$ ChtIl'Qh.J) The P:ilot, alno GUPPO':'ted Fc.rtJ10:' -::-11110.. al thQua.~ to ~ oonSide l~ ab11 1~t1! $ ~i'f tflnt~The yi$itQ:t'!' and the RGr;:ttl;tP...... $~pwrtA1ci him not )30 tllUc.'1 f or lYhat n."! re rlid aa t or ..m~t he N~ :J-Q Oatix:ll1e priMt. Th(fq(l~l.;\1tar did dif'fa' ~d th t.hoother$ to the eJtt0tlt th.'it ~kt t1Ug~~otoo the lfl $ ~ $.u d QDQut h:!:i:.1 the batter. Tf~ j,ranQeX'~ il<')'tfflVDr, hed i tu own id{\\1l8 about Fa:th~ CO\~sh1 in . ~he.I·!'\rl(k;r. ,(~r l.lW~:ra l.'l t11 tt)Jrood ~dtn Fnit •.tlp. r Coughlin 1!men /1$ $laid tbat the· Haz';, z::rejudi:oe-s Settinat t r.e Jew!'I COl.lld no t b$ .liquiol:lted ulltil Itt h.e religi(lll$ JCl 32Itl'Ul,. NQvGmoor 26,. 10)8. )3~id . , D\!leertb,~ lO, 19 3 ~ . 34lhtd~f J.fI.rtU-at'y 21, 1'1 39" 35%~ ." Febru~ 25; 1?J9. i:-")·~ ., "';"'{ 1:",;> 4 laS roo t~dorar' ! ii.i only atawmant S\.iJj¥ Ol''t:''.mt; ii'!l,.t hl""t' Coughlin d\.l!"i'llg IGho Y~r4' . r. ~~e 't1Pical ~t'iltfl!m~l) 't. Oli CouetH~_p :r ~1 t{,d.s "J~ ~ FG'T,ll at' Coughl i n r.lig~lt " b6:rieLt in $~e tJl !,~ J0U$W01'e '{ui ,cii: t o d~l"nd a3.d .ear ~lcw w g:!. v OJ it tA:> UMtrel:'thel,)se. t he .It 't~CkB or }'llt he1' &:>lJgblin ~e.Qinat the J ews at ,g, tin}(\! tfhell ill l'idiCious f a:.tlw oucht to 6tand ~houldnt' to ®.o1l1d~t' in (l o~a aoi'enso of t.1>}e :.'em.u1nl n.. ::;: ·.r.'tlut,igos of human t"i&~ts :JC ~:\in $l. qvOl'- a roO wit h r. litt'O,"L,,'X' tllO;,l:.HU'!,) 0: obj,!'>ctivitw mid Cho.ri iiy. llJ1 .it ntIOt.'hfl' 'bitfl.tt I t!& trI¥lnS~m:tn" reprinw d ~) Qf;'tiol - . ~ " ...."':t; .. ~hich condermled t l:o C'tl 1)).00 ,s'eirl"odu-p ~ u't:!d for t h() J e~J{~ bs attlick- ing • os,d JOt.IS' ~ l'at bel" than b .., d p ",:()pl~ . T.h ." a1I'ti¢l ~ donounc~4j d1»r~ l\le cr~ooto ~grll!e " I'1dul1ltlt't.lPJfI end 1nn~n~tory t;;U',~p1e;tolm t 'tIl()$t I)f t_ utAt.:'r l v u.&J't:JU1'll:ledTl witi¢h 'WH'0 ffblllI'sf" tot'tn in ;lfl a,r}(.) t ionnl t,cmo oVt"r tJ.'li' I'8M riia 'U.>mlUiol'ltl 01: people u'Oo ate only tQo r ei1d;r 'to .Qvt\ll"loolt t he 'iU£uU'i... oa.ti()! : ~ ane di ~Hr"'(nfal$ 01' aut:l- ~:~.:1dt~ . s~ t.hat -lC\COll%p:.my th~ Pe.!} , i OMtu in (.ti.c t.;1'l,Qnto: Jamah f:fun.c·tj Gline of ,Je'W'i,(J,h Cot~u.n1 St:1.. .. • it rr38 It t~5t~ 1'Jt?re bOt tho un<~ t\dYQcnl. ooudOOlllqtt.l.onS po~d.i , hloJ thwJ Wf?-l'(}", 1t l {, M'lt.. indic ..... t i¢ns ot 3 !dlUngnen$ to rajfJct t.~et ¢.o~\!'o:r.. t,a of: (1Ptj"..~~ timn. 1'0$ 1f$l~r t'l" t1'/nn tlent , SO far :a!l W. publil1h ~n ;',l'l"t 1clo ~;r.it ten by el'~d ~t . C . Kernan, rectot' o t t h'" 'lr'in1 t:{ :f.pi sQOpil Chureh at B..1.5"On p~, '.UHf J(ff''f!J,'1'J, 01 t ~ t us t he bost annlys'W 0 r l1dil) UdC're,!1'$08 et>!l C~l·tt1.nfithe I'G.bti ~ l,:, ul.d al ~/n..i1'S bo "eh:ar'H')tc;t'i300 by p ~~e('l\l tion as lona ~~ lfIiegllided J{!".4tJ arld a~tn"!s , i n !3".1eh # $ut Dumbc:r'$,cortti !;l!1$ to fJI'OVag$1t6 t·ne dO'c'Q'inee of anti...r-'Od, ~ • • • Ii .36~El ~~erer~Rov~!lIb ~ 24, 1938 . 37~ldO ilee_er a, 1938 .• 36Md:,., ri~cet'"ber n , 15"3Bi\' ,:'1;.;" '~'I.~ , .. ~... ~:> f[ernal1 rotol'~;edt}.~~t ()thrnl" de r ~{'; t(j~ cb md:c~d• ...dc:' 1.;,,13. ... Z JO'W{J but :;>a:l$':1hz!'1) in i,he middle of title tallta m'Opp~ noy mCllt1.o'· of thC!'ii forro.,rt Z'(ls t1i.tg t1w "ml:... of' th!\ eh.:,.rc&" till}~U1 ou 'the J(i\Jo. 'lhb lone "~l'tio1o 'by r-.c:t"p'~11 :dld u. line by Ul,O ;:);nll.$$l.!l .of thil) t~lmi\il:l() ;tn C'Qus.bl ~t'l,t 0 't, ;:;1kg~ a.t tile r,,1I!:(j timr.t (J :-c9c1;iui: ar.d dcl)~o1i ~hin~ the $Upr,-osee. 1n'f s st,)t,.;)t;'l(:) p "'~39. $b~ YI;l,pd~rm~ liloo .r"'JliJI.1·~,:Wlue which ft;l:'~1rl~ and rej£let(~ d D.uy );,;os::.4.. bilitit)$ t~a'l:. tho i1·ot4(~1.~f ~,t! p.~et{$,of, [, :i:S '.n lUld al\V l.d.s~l'.ical busw.. his tlOl~ too ' ll'I~'$ t';tron~~ i~lC 'thfit hfl, h1.ril$0lf, (~ 3,cn ' t b~~.ucV";e in t han th.:rL t h.at it did !;~i'J 1U {/. 1i' t,J.a i:-c,ni,o t ',;it t \ );"· l,W1v It(..'/.:it:leu 6sed if> this dOCUllcnt "pro tl~t (»IlL bei!'.£ .rul.fi:n~ j,n th~ ,e""N'!t 9 of thn l:l"'efJoot c:r:r. but. Jlttl;~ibuted lJn.fortal!.Qt,~l'1 to tho J~)'(,(h.h pool>l.n f,l~t (i l'(!IS'Ill l. \'} l$ad~I's l silenca or ,,'Jp,' ott. of it"Clld d :t"CV¢l.ut4, :,lil;;;ry r;o1 1 ,c1~s ~md obj~ctiv~..>I~tcb m~ny JQtcl. 'br a~d $,t)d ~bett..cd in f ·,, X'('V'obtio:n .. H40 l:-':Nl. t,h ~ !11'!.t, r. t!:p'Udie~tGd thr(t 1.ndmntiotl "'i'Zail':1t t~JI.'!< JCt-.i$ a."14 (;e,.... l'lOJJnecd tbe ?~oto¢l~l$ :J $ pll':Qrism Gino fr :;:l; ,j\ ; l~nt. • 1e Pilot ;.tOnt 00· f ~ Q . . ' ttl tl\l·oli~b. ~ 'll'M.eh l;tj'tc:h wnt to$C~m p,:ri.'I'l!£ to document th ~! b ::"Okgr.oul'lG of the Pfoto ool ~ vJ. ttl t.~ imo~~tt1ofl of tJ1:zpl'o' Qllf'l~~t,iong ,of theh~ vtAl.id... it:1. bl 1~1tbe ll' di d tht Apr il 6, 1939. hO ~ , .!;:.~tdm r.1.bt ltt~, JUM 10, Vn? 4l.~ t~~l1 .J?il.q~ O,,.t;ober 29,. 1938 . ,;.<;.~ , ;.. ~.: : Sf) cl\ ,ill• •u v..lOugb t ht Of: _ ". _ _ '"< ~ ',' Pl.--e..n6. of ~l ghl 1.ni sm ~' :sg _ 1 .uU o:$.' th(~tr.:~ ItC:>t16l>i t' ar,:y oi' s:11q,mciP " If h.;;., Q.in!) which l~ fJ 115S.1!Lf.'12 lrl {iF' ¢'~ltd~ r.lozc to .an &.rlSt'i' 'lI' f et' i;,h£l Cllthol ic qU~tltiQ tl ,. !1llhy a-O r~¢h r.,t,t.r:t:ti.on e:tv~n to 'llie J tNno 1 plit::ht il'\ Oo '~m. ~n,' . tJ{:. lUt l t) tc t.il¥) C... t .. 'I>ro licti i n Sptdn or Hm c~ . A$ the TllhJ,,!lt $ aM ~ i't~ ~(J ~l' why 5:1:· i s th a'~ UH r'tl i s a. 8011(,"1;'& ,~ , ,p;' .l:'«Ja:;l on q~ t he t\lr' 'k':>t':.1! f\\ r~ ij,: ' s~~e\ltt 4in of Q\V' £lirit;)t .l..a..ns .rl."1U ,.1 J1.'t)r'!¢ni;" l)Qon :t~:(l ni ght d ... t;u M1. J.t ~ cn of t he l ':I$$o;t' ~';;'3 " c il.Mon 01' our fri ,'u'V~$ ) th J'~h·~. ·plh2 1'h£j ~~t*"i'" of iJCi·.X"f!J "'f \{;)t; Q ,w,t !\in~d i n th F,i r,.U~$til}~1 . Cer t ain}.y $ t.~ J.· ;~l) ;L />t 7gf'/lJl,ld ", tf~:tl 'Jr h"u:i 1:r;d-st :rtMt .edll the JO\~lt!. nut Btl" ' "" ~l"~ t !ibout ,t ite P1."'iost !"i 41nd t' i'!l;,tt11 o~~ k 1U~d i ll ~wJ:n ? ( At. t hi a pOin t j 'the rnz,'lb~t' Qr tho l11:'u:m~~~d 1~,'3.S 1J f,a:l.ly give.n. ) ~lt.;l t il~"'ll!t tho Chriut;J.an r:;'\lX'-tiG~(,;' n i'tna:na7 tiiJI t hq ?4lhl bt s{.l1~. i n h1lZh.. c~m'i t vmH f"Nl?- StJ) l lC'!'t 1:3 iP'Xg: Ktt!: '1~i' " m ~s '" f'J!> Y"','BLTC o ~ ,r·()!A.t"3 rr ;t7:'!iLY D'1f.OWiC'll' 1" f'r, /,'11f(' V;;" 02,1 'ISH ;i.fJ1Il.GO:iut;"" ! M '3~ '7. ,r.rr:o ('L ' m~ ~~:rmt,)' "1 4 ~il ~) 1'dE BiW1'hL ):r~ :j.<\:L 011 J!~'~~ mf.F'(J!ttlt!.mA1r.tY 1' 1~:C f'! (OT?:~n" H ~ ::l 1ID'!' D~ ~ :':lI! ';.r lYfi;iE;D '1: ) :1J~ * eLm.iS 1'~ 1il'~1 V0,'i,~' !}"t r.x'~ f~ CO! 'if:l "i"f'~D ..V}f jNt;1' THf.!: C ,\Tl.~~L~ C <:f~i'l ~~UN..," P~usine 'Or' bl'~ nth.J th~ ?r~l*t tU'fZfiJ,d pr qfll"fi _:"'or ~l victi.tltso,f por ~1j-c u tj,r.}n. !i) ! h:b lII~~ to 1)t) a. l'iI'C1U''Not p..";...... t ..;hr 1. (;~h ; ~1l1tUUy Ugl!d, Htin'oG tn, l.'!J'tt lfl.. h3"l ;e-$(!f\e .. tl'l~~t~... f~lr.. uc- trJQ l>~ S'1~ Of thi~ t.h ~'Il'.o a mti. d~.n,'r i t ~ 3 ..'n $ l1r.lOUJS t' II th(~ than ,t ...... ';1:..1 ., The ' VPJ~iQ iWi'i. f'ol l¢lt-md t.M.$ lino o! t hit)kwg-, t' l.:tnr 1.01' 00lift.}'Q:t~M !i!;r. f'f'U SSOT1':i.'10Nt .~ pnonsr Hr~ ARr;) tdHlllJ C}ln~ IAN~ st:l !~' ~n '1 44 i3l'oo!(.l,m h2'l'1:'~...,""...... "' ,«~ ... - - . -. T~::lb'-!);x,; -....t ...... • .J:)t) ~t' .3 ;: 1938 • !Ofb.~d t., ~bv ll)mb lil' 3.9, 19,8. LLo,ur ...8:J ~~ lr Y!· !!;l~!.j n,OOt!!b~r U , 1938 . ".';. H"~ .~ 57 ~$ +.;..~~ hr' :tne o~ar Onil t:lUch &tor"J *, Tho rg;>\. Eel t chI'; $~ne u~lng, nC!..;r .. !~}~i ftll'Hl.tiC:i.llll d0'$~'t""' n de~m' ~ i ty tht.m tit4J Ct.l· t;,hQl 1c~.. . rl:)"W tlut.t 0;tin~: ~ " b:l.tt~ly CO;'· t,~m A:J:tll", IIM; ~/'::n t he. ,'rflr:.flB.t"fJr tl1'getl thS1. t 'bhe ~et~ 0£' Catl'lOl1.e Pi!.l "'ll$~l t:iQrl /!In/Jul e Ot!?' ;"'P r~.;a4 'rI1 'In C (tttlOli~ and an inae.-, pt;;ndOtl-:; p::'Oi3 ~ ¢'l~re<';'1!'l1.nt~ t.he d"':1:d ~ieht :~~. d :!.iw' tJ.~ of a J "' w1~h-eontrolled p:.~esf.1 th,:: t. now Ilhri~k!1 OVOl." the OU"t.ritg<:>& in lJe~:lY '" ttlt6 C~~~tainly C .~; t~"lOl;t e$ h.. ~ d Ol:U't~,l'Otl :ill Spain ili"':d HC".d<:o. rorb~.\e was !:!o~(~ ;Jua t:l.£icJ.i..i::m::ol' t\eS. .l ' b it"~. et' neGs 3.g:dn$'t t hl!l ~- c ~lleu 0~~s ;l, v ." CO'lfOt"'eP.{i ot t..~ e ,~NliL~h tr.l'/;,t.llrt:.on :1J1 tJ~l"a 1rtJe·t:i oan (h~JI(.;rl~ . o s~ it 5UclJ}$, ut llJt!::l'u., t,h:.t the f'\ tI 1,1t1~d~$ ShO hl1 ;!J1 thi$ cn"pter ~ierQ onl y an.other 1Jj.,;u'li ft'jF,/tu ic'n ot ilrt .\l1!J :ri~~n C·;'tholiei(:;ll': \o.,nich had l:l_ ttl ~ c<.m~t'n tv ~" l)"'~ ' o did >\J't-. 1'i fJ :U1W ;I:i;::l nlll'~lf ~ incheo dcfint:1on of t~i\:H~:r t{)m ~ h.$~, Iht!ton Pilot. f-liJll'cb11. 19)9. , . -" . .. , - . p ;; • 46Tpe 11Qnd ~ r!r, l1oVe;,;.ber 17. ~9 :m • .'!;-, .: " 58 " CItAPTtit V NAZ ! :!J1'!.--l'l 13ULt'it.RF.. OF UjJ.!OCUACY ~O'ugb0ut t h1e rJ ~t· ,. whother th(> 'topic bcl s boon tiM at titude 'tbEHU;,l r:eVSt)3per'9 W W3!:"d the OO,r optuID, ct'1sie .a:$ sucn or Q utud)' 0'£ thoU' vie., o£ th9 r01at1 This 'Cbapt.er w111 e Xflll).\ne; that promb. in a'>tIU detail. ill). the pq"crs Q.t"it1eizfld both syst.4!llls,. W1id !U.l oi' ttl_ statod fJlnt. 1n t he loot analysis" it '"",,Uld ha.ve been, d1.t t;l.cul,t fof" thtWl to pt'(rr.~r oue t(Y$'tel:.'l QV' Ibt-iever', t akan, as a whol~.Qg ~ m lIitb t he exceptlo1,\ Of t he ~d(j%'er..... tnt'> itnl: Nat io·n4l Soe1.ui8tYl; ~ oh ~'U$ ouren~.1 . To convoy thi$ 1mpr«!soion it wa tl ~ Qt'I. riat'Y not only to ~et t tl!! eYil of ec,mn),lfIiOtl. but to protr~ N~sm Q . (i, ~stem not nece.~~1ty lnoom'p!:l ttbl,e Wit.."l m. thl!i'J" Nn"W'icr.utitr.h or Oa~,ho l i a1lllD. GenerallY n()n~ oi tho P~"~$ could br-in~~ theta'selVi')$ to arq an_Mol'll! good Qbout COl!tllt.~1 . .. , Ea.ch 01' the ;rapers; for e)t~ple , ran artiolaa about CoJIloo. Wfli1lt QlA'lIJptdano to con'1J'inoe tt\wS'i>llns the v $!)ou,ld attOp $.fil,Y1t'lglfTl'u!n lc God_ _11 1 ~b.ap8 todqwe can dl:sm1ss such al"'tielGs as a.t"cbd c, {'/VEIn pat.i}eUe 1n tht1r ~!:I~ooIttl.m fab~! !l' S~ t~mbl!ll" 17. 1.9)8. .:;.; .. ,~~~ .~ S9 I.ltt!Jlq)ts tc UI;Ie euob :lr t14es a..~ atl1ap,n~. of eonveytnB to t.'1eil" l"'eooC'.t' s ~ :r ttal~ 41ttQn of t oo depth o!'tbo d1~tort1o:n enlld ~I,lnism .. At 'tJlG t1m~ t " bOtfeve:r, judSift3 'by t.~tl m~l' of the;l!1e arti,M O>S, thq must MV€i b&en f ound eU~ti"le. Otoorsiri;i U~ ~rticle$ :t'@:i'ted that aU Q t.i ~ ~JlO her$ ~e btd.. ng urged to i ntwmsiJ.y thror ,ant1... rtili/.Jious ~a¢h!Pg$ , Or that a Comun1~~t~tbl.bbed it}wt'l'l"" tiol:'al. school undflr t he dlrectionot ~ oOCicty cQ.lled the u5:;lvie't ·'.Ils:ld~ Godless AssoCiation" W1llS trtl1n1ng sttl d~nt s in pt'opag,,m& teChniq,U6SW ~b/1,t. 't he mi$ri011#Y'. wwk of t~ Chri- $t1~ Qil urcht"lu . 1Jo.th 't.h$ flll>- _ le~tl · and 1;be P!i:Qt pI'e_ted 8.ooseveltta at ~t$ to establish a !e~uavlvem1i1, with t llo ftu!J ~1 0ln. S'ten cy 8Q mUd an 'lot :as sending t b_ a g'rceting on t :le ~vQ"... m:'Jl 01' thc:ir li'lWOlut.1tm. l1e dtdnot. ,.a1d, t h• .l.;~ opol.llt I rS ~ /'r e..,l leric tJns. 11,2 n. l1.1o, .f",1thf\~Uy l'~~ted tl~ re-lantlel(J$ t'rop~ o$o1Qn of the cl~,GY' and rI'il1t{ioll$ In Rlls$i.a,. M;.m. exunl:ple of' thfJ gaG1bsl evU of tba tJYst4m". :lC P$,lpl , pUbUSQod ~n _ti01.e r ~t't1ng tha:t t ho t\U s.rd.¥l8 had ;r~;ru ood to, a~ ~rl t the Mendel1a."l l aw e:1:' F: e n ~Uc#", l'1lfJl IiUot c»ooludod t ha't llpos'$ibl y ( . tbosflt studenb oould rJ$l$cnt tbo' l! X'Q£r-11t c:d on11 in th.d~hum.miz, ati¢n. of its· lll_A:lert 'til:ilS indd.c~t..od l;f' t~ r o-, port of t he fom~ pl~ e$icont of &~1co . 4nl, f,lllblbh.ed by th" PUot, ths:t bEln in ~'I Std. bad lOst t.'lo1v SttX\lal identity, uana proetitut1on u , • tlleans of 6tlppl1ment 1r.g auo...Uv1n0~e !J e~l"ned by pour l~ e tlflr.n t.h '-'be: RfJSister, \4th ~o l1 eider ll.bly ~t'e 1ntriebt . S:lW that Qussu . ,~ god- 2~ $r~O!%$ . ~a~10t .. ttovMlber 19, 19)8" 31'he B0aton Pilot" Ju!:w 24, 1939. ~ - " ,- - ~ ...... 4Ib! d ~ J~ii)uQX"Y 1« 19)9., ,:(1.," : " !;" ~ 60 l~~oneG's \laS dPriaSs-ed more in their lQCk or r6~~ t .for lndf.'Tidtli1l dig,nity t.~an In th~1l' umdll1ngne$s toso,y ['thank god . ~$' 'tbitl 'WlW mt the bll11'1lt$\ eoDdem~ tton 0·1' the oth0r p~o:rs ~ Rather than b:o~ $fi'I() tionaL nnd a~l:tmtic 11:. waa ~ l' ,~.M¢ned and 8!l1Ver~ Ol"lt!C,iSl'Jl wMeb, t'lGll'tW thtless, l.til>ft Qp Gltl t,he poa$ib111~ of future OOllllllUill.c.ation bet 'W, the t~ o;r~l 'tm ComnlUli,ra. If ~11lIUUn1f,® yorIO to beQom~, Q $yotem whl~b: di d re(lQ~i;ze tbB dig... nity of :the ind1"1rt.f.klal, ituot;l.d then eonootveb~ 'b;s. p¢~$ibl. ter' U~ enmity ~1.Wt'lll the tn.) phllos-ophie$, to- 1~a 8en ~~e t'hl1r or not tho Ru ss.hns drop-ped tboU' Y ~UI1tt')d a,tbe1Mil·. 0tuI· f l;}!Jb tdth th~ other- papeli's thllt too sitUation ,m; t he oppotdte. Ttl"lt i ~l if t.\oojJe RUfi 1.'i;:anS :l!'t.'inst.at tld t :te pewe of th~ clwsy t hey Ululd be ~r>'t;.abl Gl whet her Q,f' cour~etho 'P 3P~f"S also er1t1cit;ed the g()Ql..e$!}n~ $!'l in: l~ iilzi$llt1 un.. fort\iD;)telTon exaotly the samo !lup ,~rfiG'd.al level. tha:t they (Wi t\,oued it 1n ·\t,ls'ua • . Mo G't of the p::q>o.:ra ~10~lly r~rttd that jwen.ile cr1tl1e in ~~l1lany tladit!<:t'M$ed. "fotu.~ fold inthe four Y f!$.t' psriod ot l:iG,$\, edu0.:;ti on. 1f t lut :i. s. dtWing t he f,)0rlod Whf:\l1 t hn CM.hQ,lioa no longer d 1r() et~cl the ~ue~ tiOl'litS$':lta. A$ ti'ie ;f'11ot pointed out. thb risE)' t.tt$ t.b~ t Qotllt of the re j e<~tionot the concept of s1n o:nd: penitQ.'1.eG ~d t-..'joll:'}L~ejt)et:l()n of tb:c author i ty of t he e'lggy in ftQ'!::t~s, ot eduoatl.on.6 .\gain tl~e n..isti!!lr ~k t!l; toof'e :r en~sO'ned st.md1 e::m.¢et'~ oot luth the ¥'ejection oJ: the authodty of ttle ehl'lW hut . r a,t,her wit h t be re ~h~ctl()!l of kt'lQ >11ifM'l.ge 1t$~l.1 . Wh€l ar't:tcle DOted the deeline in t ho P'Ilmb Ell" or uni'Vel" ... s1.ty $ttldents, t.~e 8lI'eat ostloeses be1n& in e~lgirwSl'1ngal'ld tba natural ad.- ences" ACCOrding to t ho RZSistol:'" t he 'ta~ohin,g or tb(JJ()r~ticuil ooiene$, ~Q1 .. ology 4ind phllosopily was ni that" r\!t$iirlotcd or f'm-bi¢don. ItUow many lleils" 11 ~ne, l)~or CQt~l-1c R ~;5tlJ)r, s~pt&~'(\r 29, 19l5. 6~h! f1?,!toJ); i'Upt" July 8" 19'J9 . 6), tho P3Ptil" asked, ItdoOtlt. it take to balancE) such 10':"lSCS?fl1 Botb, ~Yl1Jit,em.'3'l t?~n . ~il w.eali.'n(-!!SsllIfJ, ot' APt'1c:t.fi Still it) theory, as stated .at t he t;ecinrd.ng of th(ll 01:l "'both c:t"e ~t1 ... 0hr'1,,'!t1u!i'lj uttQdy r lltl1lMI1 znd cynical J!lt'ld dWo t.~)d to tho 8 'bd1et tl1$lt arJY U' ';;' O~1 is jnst;1t"rlea by t he end. " . t the: CoTlnun;;'s ta Q.Cc(jflltili slu~d 'by' ~~$ an deO'r:fi!'l o at1on~ tho &",1011 aCQCtllfl ished by oore subtle a:i1!ii . '1'be too t:~!'e el.om).ly rehtod" The aUGeiM gov !ilr~ t oled its b1.rth to t he a~mar: general ~ft ~.fll..:i.oh t f'.3.MpQrtl"A Eohhi't"!lik agent9 tc ltusaia. O!':~~ ' $ b~~t cn&toml1):t' .f'ot· tiitenniC:1U o l u1~nt wa$ ftU ~Hli(iJ Rtl$si4*s host C\u:!totl'lftJ" t or 1'~W- tt)' \\'tet'i.us wa ,,-'1\'41l1Y. .\e cording to thr '1'ltbl'.- 'flt blldr ide-- (l o:;!./)W' 14U:l1'nl.OO ~t ::!d$ntll1bbl . ... fhe r1 1 10,~ .agr~d tha-t tt~ w~a little di:tt~!"an c0 be'tt.-ecrt the t 'WO tJ.Yt1t~ts .. Ifaet~~t'l n th~ t.aoiioG l),f Co~8tll ;,md tl:fU+rind of' t~.na /JIne p ~.,. :St~eution of til., Church i n AUgt:cl.il. t ho-c hoi ee is nat't'o'Oj inOeOO. Peasibl'" thm N/izi eo® 1n ~ littlo tosa en'Vll\~cl, "till, the 6di'toriAl oo'1Clu&!Jd, a vc: ,1:lu ro.bl~ C~Ci n o ~u be !I'I1.1do b tho$$ 'li/ho nt'iituil!O th0/t t he dav~loped N~l!lil and t M ooepl ;)w Co w unist ar"e tbe $~ ,soenc.0, ttlO 'Tbn ~61$t;$t; eo.bC'lU'~ elll U ng both isms @e AUguGt 21. 19». 7~- t) i!t' . .~. . t!!tc ' _.Catholi. o_ _ ~£i1i~•• f. 81'h$, Bl.'\:)-(lldt"D ~ble"! >t:;ep~l" ) . 1938. 9 tbl~u June 11. 1..939,. l~ ~no$1p~ F~;1, Ol': toMt' 22, 1.938. lllh~ ~£ . C"~lie a"gi ,$t&r:. K;)rcli 2. 1939. ..'" ... ,<'i~" 62 vkl,nd~~ , . too" tQt1."'lO therti funclrunent.::tlly t oe s ~me ; Tll$r~ ~e ; of' OO\l1"5i)" :1~po rt~1lt di.f:f.4.l X'MC(lS. !Yilt ~t1hei:) tl~)· al'e 9l'U~ l:y~ed th0)"Qre SePt! to ~ . l ess e S 5l61!:l,t;l al to the &\V 'stem thlin the sir.lilOl"i,.. t106. COml!lUJli&.~ nit.ls '\t (j!'stroying l"f:'ligion, privat0 'P'opm:-ty, fro Moom of U" Tne papers, t~ , .Md in theory 'bOat Cotilmlln1sm .Il1ld N a~!sm 'Io'l'}re ft 1 uall~· evil. The :r:'t~.a ched oomo ) 0, 000 p«Ipl(; p Ol' week , t..ne, V:iGi 't!>.x: 1' -'ao by apprt»){ir!)ately !;)OO; OOO, depioted Co ~illl)tJi sm QS an eVil :!() grMt. thGt ~\~en Na?lis)); ~()G .1u ~ tified it i t ltoed QS an enom;,y of tb.1A t ayst.em" Sat'l y i n 19)9 the Sund h~lrl a r ally at Madison Squw.e Garden. hhUe ,eond(}mning its ~mt1-Semit le platfor m, t he 'r~b10t label~d ;'e ~tlall y olbri1'er .. Cttlt'l" ( :.I.PP4l'enU.y a popu.l4lJt t(W,m <1t the Ulna) the ri.ot s tlut side t tl.. GAr den. '!h$l;lt') ni akr;tnrs" Vlhom tl~ flre, ~ O For its p:!U'~, t b~ Y~lo It str~a ~ed t he l (ack ot honor a1r.ol~ S tilo Rue$1,;)tls t.ho could not b$ ~ :')\lnt~d on to p£rtJpec t tblJldr cov~n 12The Wande.ll', r , J ul y 21, 19 :17 . 1 3~ lb;-ooldzn Tllbll')t, f' (!bru(u·y 2$; 19.39 . lu.l'i'.s SoSW13 Pilat , June 3" 3ul)'!' 29, 1'1.39 .. .!;.; . ,?'i.~ ." 63 t he Nllda !lperh~r. bQC '~us yt th~ d+.Ii!'~~ %".ot, f! ·wr·i! not rtUning p~~ple up ~ga1t'l$ t the w~l.l in t :ypi0.U S';ovi..,t fapttiQnD (j;\I'en if tn~, ~1i' ''' utdng tu0 ol.d Cot~n:t st " "i.c tic at tryUlg tc el" e.a t,1! a eh~.l$m b(Jtween t h:s prieots Imd the ~'-6ople by say.. in£'! that !)rie~t!i w r e l'll:'lt truly (!t)ne~.rned with tlJC aoci: The Visi,tor,wlle no G 'JIIN1·~1" of Nazi,m, u$9l!'tb&le:ss '4farned its r ~ i~ lle:r s t~ bMil I'lr'e of thoM '<:1M dl1lhOllnQil)d rJadm.,. fh~S6 pt'lople might lIJell ita Iftmdet"W'V~J' rA.~ filnttJo:f ilu$(d,,1.m Cot\'ll(lUn1t.mt. It R41tli.er tban U stfming to sncb l'H!Opl Q, thEt V1s1t¢r ' arMd~ s ~.:e:r$ <>,d:Vbed to "tUfe O(nlt s ~eIilfJOl'1e and tmerioan w"'ar-ons t() b.attl.e Communit"lm~ b1'i1!U~J .l"aacism and kel'lp A.~d¢l& God' o GOlmt'rv. u A ~tt'uggle .by &hsl.\d" but, , iilho~'1ng SOli'lOMhat l'J)Qf'e c0rt.aln'ty than Abr aham l.b·... eoln did tifhen ccnll'.on~d with the qU~$ti"n of Which side God ~upF;Or!tJE)d , the Viti!C£' calmly pred1.Qte-d f!b~eaugl!7 God h on our ,eiM, t.he battca: Will be won. "l£) i-hlle t his $t1."'uggl e \!Ould be ~lJirlst t"a$ciSYll: and \'Io&ba ali! ·"1cl.l ~s Comur-..isro, the Vi~tor Qdmltted that the situllltion could have been ~rG O if Germany, JapM ..tid Italy bed g/,')'M Co!tl!'b'llnil.lt t'" t'M r than F~ne:i. tlt-N lltl. thad 1$'3 th~.sA $y$ums 'IiIer., theY1oN!'ire a bulw:.a-k QgQin:!:ft Oot3rJlUm.SiIl. fI I!Vm'$'WcliM:' e. • N-aZi .. ,FliIsd.m1i Qril'ftl~ after, and. tHl! e aUS ~1 of ~ a threat of Communism .. Everywhere Col~:UU$l!l h t he pl"U1llry enemy, 'N:~\Z , 1 .. fa·se1,lD ~ seconrlt!il'y one. IllY In, acoord witit ttd(3thel¥!tI, tllat N~rlam was C3U$OQ by Oomun1$lll, the l'ahltt~ WtiN1ed thllt if war ~~e to come, :i,t would be the CQmmu.nbts 'Iiilo e l)llaed it.. Who tfnfited u::w? the f.".'tllH'lr 1.1 sk.d.Orily haguf) ( hQiilf>! af t Ile Orand Crhnt), Moscow, and· B,ltcelol'la. lJel"Jt~ was blurting" S1lfY W~ lS not :r 6~ly IJtrong Illil itari1.y. It that e~unttoy oooqroe invol~ed in w4\r 1t ~ld b~ pr~o1p~ted. the , 'l'~el pt'GPMohlld, by ./j, t. alliance of brown bolM0'V'i,s-ti.c ~1"lMlnyund :r'l!d 15,lb1du Febru:ax'y 11, 19)9. 160\11" $und£l'Mitf;ir. SBptOrt.\)Cl1" 4, 19)8" 17Jll1tj., October 2, 1938. 1 ..'~., ..: 'i"~ .: '.... 64 SoVi ~t Russin. • • .1116 A. t ~;th It()st of tJ~ o'thtill" P$p(i!t" ~ . t hfa ...T {l04hl!t . , argued. 'that ~'a eC1e1fil 1<1.1 " " born of C::!TrlI'!Ut'li.. C>alfletor} ,J .•, fittyes hrHl .:lpptwentJ,y sbt~d t h at C~l:te I.d. ... ltIDC:c concf1rnin8 7aee :S.S''I) oonv~tJ d the inlpl"MflJion, which h~ aGEtJt!!Gd ~il "\ f lllse, that t hE! C!:ithoUQIlt f $.Vorttd it o'\fer ~mun1~ to ltlieh tb0Jl g1;l\I'~ SQ~ueh ori- Ueiem. '!'lle 'I'.;l".!.e-!r'eplied that Ha:Y'(I)s WI1~ quite r 1ght in t.he i r!ljJr esaion he ~d reeaiv-$d " Catholics uta fi.n:d Fascism ltt~!'l !.d.niat~ th."!tl Oo ~tnlln b1'll ~ & YCla ' $'t;ii te ~tm t t hat thi'! appcsl. te WS IJ t ll"'ua W!39 nlltbli'l? pr~ 5tet:"OllS . If T(lt tnmr;:O Ol~e h a. , ;;t ~ t_tIh t ~$i$ muttt l.'lQva f:HlI t)n (lquatj,l;'tg to . t.!;u:it~1i1X'JiS1il 'I>tl.. t h :!i' .... C:iem. 'l'lv'lre W3 S . bOW'ler, only OM to tlllihri~ gO'l(!lrTlli't6l'lt 1.'l the world-. 8u ,!H~ilil ., 1-lith l'fui.ld.co £ol.lo1dng clo ~oly b~hind . 1.9 fat" tt+Ol'!! bdr.g t he prlmtq thl" N~t to Am!U'i04J N~1II1m 1iI1.l$ only a Il d~.fense m~ e..l:\ru:t:12m ~ea.1IJlst CommUniSl'lf. n Abr.ont as an asiQe" the To;'ol et $t :~ted t hat, as l!I il:py J ~~a nad i<.orbd for t he Sll O'CftH>$ of Co"'JI~t:U:'d. Sf;l in Oarl.ltlilll1, t he:; were tb~6~Ve3 repo!isibl (!l for tilt) type of ~<>'V e l"OOIen t whieh dfveloped. a.n ~lll ti ", &>.mlt1$lll;1$ atl Q U.t~·owth o.f ita: basi c ' rI_ ...... 2.0 t ~-\NlUmul~ ·SJU. 'i'h!WQn,Qer~~ agJ'ee :ld~ Cl'ac1I.'HJtI and FasC'1 $1'n " l't d;1d Sf}~ , Jff.tzi§ ~t..ni%l8 ill purpose by ohl1!cnng t.~e"Pre ad Qf C:~_un1~ alth:'Hlllfn't Ilpol 1t:tortlly, culturally land sp.1x'.:it ually Na~iMl undoubtedly ecneti bItes a tn6MnQol> to Ute democraci fl s It. !i9:as S:UPl O!3$d: to pr otect ~j9 MtU ;at;' to t he Ool!fllUni~ it 'AlUI supr,o, ed to combat .. 'fhe· ~JjU;lw de~"t, ho1>MVe:t" , was cot jastHy1.ng N~ld $l'!.t t'l:a· snlch.. Its SlI'niC$ to deml3craoy Ot.tltle etrictly t r om its g l!!or'.r · ~!"hlo .ll 1 lGeatiol1" Xhe ~ ndei"6r bel1l'Vea. t he CQ~i9t$ wollld profit trom a t'l,lt' because ttu,\y l' 1.8fhe~kll! Tabl!'t. J nnuQl"Y 21# 1939 . J.9:.tt>,a.d,v 11eeebl!i!x' 17, 19.38. ZOIbid •., JUtle 10. 19.39. , ;.<; .~ , .. !.... : 65 ~::.t 31 H.es,tbey wttld h~ w'I!lo)med a :rt;~,r t be 'vtll' into t ha countties ot SQ. t'(.'Jpe ¢lOIl~fi t tc thl."ll'A wM eflw~r~. b~t'~~~ ~ t.iI1!a' -Wt1.t' ) \contt'Olled b~r G~t'm;m;y . Uf~ " th'i' ,good WiU ~.u'ned \::1)" trud . ~ OPfOs:tt.i.on to t,he Oorma...,~, the it1J'n~.~ns would thrlr p-,$ition 4lnil, p~rhap a" l!W ()n t:.>.ke OV~J: ' ot,b""r ap:~m~ia$ . QtI:111t1ng tbt(li;. th1.n rrd.ght happen, '1'he t;lanclcrel.' Wl'lS wUl1ng to l ~ve fa t-.ler' alotltJ ~19 +.,:.l-J.& l ~p;t'H' <:I f two evil }] 1:11 t h.otlr;h 1. tetiiph a t'l1~ed thiit ev~n if the Nav.!' i:1 did s"rve t.hf.i pt,rf~ Otlf!1\f Qf t.ne de'rocr!i! oi t;$l ~ it. ~n. o, not ecmp.eti blel \\l1. t~ t bmn. n 1'he Wnln~l"~r W~ ~ t3lld 'l'icient1.y botll.c t"~d by t h:ifll eOIltIWOl'ltise to . l?!! . _;J , ". ~ . • p'ropo.s~) otl'l"r ~&U:()ds of ootl)battineCOll'!\"lUniSlll: .!),"> t hi.lt tb~ d emo C!"aci~& ~ould nat; h ~v() t o be d~,;mndQ!tt on N:.'I9:ism. The tL1ficr i1U!ctgested 'that cmmtruO+..1ve c1a1 te~bing accol"d1~g 1',0 S\l e€e~~ti$ m.ad$ 1.n t ht',) p il'pal ~ncYeliculs 'tll)uld be t hl! ,~nt e£fec ti~ ""'fAY of ending t he atu"f1cticn of Co r::~'1l\U11l'im t or-the 'teo conC4tltr 3~ too 'IlI'I!lCh" lid The , ~'\~~i'. on (No~.di~g ~l. naa:-... .t' ~Wf aLso a :ro~otio n tofrllileh To 'ooneentrat.e on the l a.ttr