" THE AMFRICAN CATHOLIC PRESS AND THE I SSUES OF CRISI S, SEP m mER , 1938-SEPTEYil3ER , 19 39 : A SELECTED STUDY by Sandra Collins, A.B. A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of t he Graduate School, ~~ quette University in Partial Fulfillment of the re­ quirements for t he Degr ee of Master of Arts Milwaukee, Wisconsin May, 1966 .';' " ',f'<,~ " iJ: " ACKNG ~-J" ~J)a T~r'!V Nfl'(, It; "ol""mot ~~no ~i 1. ~ cil:;rr~ n i rll) ':; t f..'C to !): ,Jilliur. D• . 1{i..Um:', lv;.y a<...lvi - roOr en t..td.!'I l roject . '" :'It,!$ boon, as al",,,wl'J, l;t ~:ourc o of':nwl1oc·t" 01 stitlu" 1 Olt:l.on m:1dr;or al <m\)our- ~('tl'i'.o nt .. t'~>l\! t hJ.s is :u. ii'lf' timo -I:,(') (t·':::Or'~(l(,,! roy on'lt'eci' ti·in to all til "",mbr's 0; U-.G 'll:-.tot"'Y de.,m"t;:v'ot \oImG.:'9 t;'<JIi ,;tt;(;:-,p1..~ 1:,0 be tt '1.' mv.:!ul'!'lt·n,: till:> , t'.l"t,ion ro~;h h:l·-t ory h:tVa eontir:ila.Uy, "vY-"!'Ol!(,jwut this pt':)::.t' \~ , ,:o!'c-::cl :~,:? to (iltr",tch r·w mind l'It:'111,-1' than 1 tm,eht otl'.('Z",'1"o hGve done . ':'.'10:' !l:(l,'t'\,' 'or 't'le nU"''''lti ')n$' ~ . 'm"'.1 ... nm;.:~r s h('il'im'!!'l,':', X t.hin'.: , ~l lf1O !~t, ~::.:citinG of u"i.ch t ~ do nnper- i:i1 on(ll indi c: ,~ tj.'Jh ~ iitlnlly, ! \rrl.I'J)'I ttl tht!I1X t ne !1i,~t~lI'll de!,;)rtmOllt f:)f.' Hllo\'i1~t': fit' to n~'· 'i. t'J r;j.¢I'oflll"l l'lIlCh 1na~ , th~·:roh.v :.>liovd.n;· tZli, "..x)1"k to !"X'OCIY{.! rJO th I'!OT'., ,1Jic1dy .am) in fm- rOl"'O OOUl~e(~hal ~Jtmos 11 •. tow '<nuld other'uim;:, rlftVfl been T,;.' ....01····,~ .... ..., ble " '.';':.: .. ,:,,~ .. iii " TAl3U~ OF O)lI1'1'ENtS Page Aeknowledgt!l,m~nt" .' .• • • , • • .. '. • • ., • •••• .. • .. • '. •• • 11 lRtroodnetiob ,j > .. .. .. .. 1 . '. ... • •• • . - . .' .' ., " " • . Chapter I. A. Background o,£' the l?flt'i()d and the PapOl"s '. ... •• § •• .. ~ 9 Xl. The Issue otthe 'W'ar .. .) .. ••- , tit .... '••• ' •• 21 nl ~ AJlfJlr1ean C,atholies and lLlU"Op~al'l Oictat.ors .. .. ••• • • • ,.0> 32: :IV. The Mad,s" 1.'l:leJ$'If$ and tn. Amerlcan Cathc>liOs '. .. • • t • '" h2 V. Nazism. litulNatltot Democtaey ., ., ·•• .t ' . ,•• " ,· .. .... 56 Vl. $paint 1'he ~odl'My,s ~ the St:ac;! Guys I' • !to ...... " • u 66 Conclusion ••• .. .. .. .. ..' ' .. ..' ... .. .."., ~80 m.bli oS:r(llp~ .. ~ • i • • .. ". e, • • ;. 64 '. ' it • " ., . ' ,. .' • . '< .. ~... ~ ~ " 1 " D."1t'tO!1t1C'!"lOt# stud'~& of t h(l Ol'llunil:~ ,(j1),t<OD~u" ~tr'l.} ttir0 of C lltholl E:}3.~ in ~~Jrl~~ffir0 n~i?WfJ"O . &~(il:t'. li4th f c.;w Q';r. efJp tiotHti-, t-h~HJ)~ '\~tlr'llf) deli! utt.n t fi'l& gW6~th Cit d10 <;:~' ~$f tM ' (};!l-"t ~.lop~n t oi' char! tI.1bla Ql"~t un1~u~ti~tM'; and of t t11;1 p~eb:1 1l11 ~OOC('d, ~ 1!i ~l'J) . ~~ 1t!ttltVitd1.t$l ,~:r 'ican C.w~Uea th.~!f .l,dU(i ..\U"'Q tl'ltHil!l. U,9u.­ ,SlUt l't"ica't~ or ct'(ll~~,tou!iJ, '$)/ho CQrlt<l'ib1Ji:iid t.o t h,e e:~ t~h1!t~\:t:nt of t,1llae 3t.r ud~i:· '3$ ", I tH'lgl ll4 n'~;)'!§ ~ tlb tttotle:e t~Jl1 Q.1'OO, OaUlol:ltl$~ hils b.(~(:m a grant $'I10e~&$ in 1:\!Ii ~l!'t(ta.l toon :U1 19.55 F~thtlr J,Qbn ft' i1~ ~Q.U3 de.llya:lI'~ ill :paj">e%' ~t st. IJ,) \) i~ tQ. t:..~~ Cat~, U¢ Oo.l\ll.tIlt~$iM On !ht~ll~*i;il, !iU:l.dCultw-{ll Aft,~i''$ ." His tl ~'Pe'r deal. f, 'W1~ ~!£Il' l (1.aD Cathol i c!! and tile 1t1t¢l'Ur;;e tlilal lUll! ~d 'h19 ilt~!ilt¥m~ w (Jashed a 1~8"' SU~~~ i!'!$t>$sd Ct'1ttci~ of . t riOi!itJ e~1.~~l;i fd. !:.1\r. by At.1 e.1:"1¢~t.\ r.ntJ'tl)l::i.c::t. Ellis $tl.id in p.-;t''t: th", 'Iil'Qa~~$'t; ~.~t ~ ,f t, h.1it Gbut 'on ~ this Gl))~t)1'&y U~~ in i til t ui'l ure W p¥"oduae 1'l'iiltiQ<ntlti l {ll(.lcdet'$ Qnd W ®)l. ¢o;1itt~~mlltIDdb~ itlfl ll ~l<)¢ iii'! ~,'''" teUectul\ll <1irolea" ~ l:f thb at ~. tiM t·./ixetl' t im, nUllbl'lr'~f Catbol1cl'! in tb ~~ Uei. ~ ~ *\~$ 1.3 SI~.w~~ onlq btfJ'IQae i ft ~as:tl ami I ta;}.}' ~nd th ~i1' tJ.iIi!l'brialt~'Qj:' ''tl8 ~1'~ ~~~p~a'bl:r :$UJ,ifR'i13¥' 10 ,t"J)~· of ;;\nY' o 'togt' 'branCh of t he unb'",ro.a'l. ~hut'¢:b.. '.' !hen;tnEl'~th Cetlt'<lry' ud t!lt~ 11,:rst d~~e~s .of t he- pI'eean.t. eent'Ul"Y' produ c~d an. el'fl:.iiln'tiaUy ..~te l rd:t.y tt'l~'t 'M~ little ~fllntt"i't>id' lilt i,oo¢n th$if.t" ~~. l~o~ndt.h~· uat"f'€ll$.'U$l.)"' gllln~~OU 9 l"~ . &1po.!'l~\\} iD l'!alrt~ri~l. litUl"­ t'lQ~t to C l1i ~o11:C): oaumfi1P, p:t"O ~~\\H~OO to the_ by t ho {ll~1" ftV .) 'sJOM 'TflQ,¢J! Etu. Jn~ Ji~,t' .m l.):eU~<l$ , ,!n ~1,3:l!':t:o ~n Cb·'t}l»;l.i.o,lSllt (i'!~ t,i t1Or (» Ualie.otl" 196),: V~ 6li! . .. " . ..-- . , .. .. i · 2 JUto clw..f<.~d hie 1'G110w Ct.4tJl~ics wd.-th liQi~ tJ_sa1.V<!IS to a ftft'e­ qu~ tJ.JI ael.£- mwSEl'd, gbetto j',llCtltality .,.n H~ h$lie~ tb~ answer to t he lae\it . .. Q!1. A.~Yi09n aeb1QV~nt lq l1irJ. t.heir' faU~(!) to h~v~ tlte;OOllt''Gd up t o thei1:' 1:'Mpansibj.U ties to the in() ~mpa:ra.bl .~ 'W~¢n or 01J.th.oliC 1 ~)arl"ltn4,h Il quoti .~ hte.rVttilt'oolftt e call.tic quo$t iQn. nl$ 't b{!! f»l'l()l"iable ~d3'1l \l) tlV9, tUcNI1 Cst;ho.. l:1c t \:;t'\ll 1 11l~;t ted ~ ~flIDt'1ca' ~ td4dl~aao-, J M ~~l'lis t Catbol:i: 01$m,. pu~i.. t~ltbe(1 ff oat~1e ed, t dG~l1d:r ~t.ed~ . '. 114 ISl Us t"~1tled ~ucs tiott$ and hi$ telll)~Oa:tbQ:U¢ Urt/.i;l lsQt tla1.a: ac:rl~~ bletl to f i nd ant!l Vl!i:t'~ !< tth13rir Qb:s:e" ~ttl.')b.a u13'Q~ly, toUowdooo o.,f three gl.$ ... a·1l1th;0l~(,i$. MlUll' blatlmd t he. tH1fcc!:d. i11SCfloOl ~6i *.O tbgr$ 'bcl.l.O\' <r:~ th~ ir_gl· an-t~ ltinority 'baaki~\'.)\lnd. ot Amfi\r1~ tltj Ont.~ 1 1cS' bad eau$Gd th~ to ~k st~tu$. OOtltt01\~.:lt1 and ~ 'OeUt'it;.J wa.th thm ~m;lt that they wnt'11!, ,fo.llQ · ~rs r atltltr t h-:tm l Gad:er-s'. Still ()th€ll'"6, Thomas tl'~a tn ptw,Ucul,sr . ~m~Jm'e.d that tAl~ :tc.:tlut'0 ef ~01~ 1,ol1lD 0 ,;:; t11(111)8 'to .'!ie'hie-V0 '\faG ~a~a~d by t Mit' pGt' t1Qul~ a41ju~t , to thQ l'd!StO':r1~ Cti:tholio ticMtt!'i~ hlli!'t;~on t.'l:i $ ~iGrld arA the Ill,~t . ~ first bsm0 1st.~ olde~ .. Aa f:ar back 4llfIJ 1.9P,7,. O~l"g(t Sbl.urter. then n.8.so<d~~~ditQt' Qi 9p~l';1~a al. t ~i>tQ a l)..1e'k enUtloo1:?~C<rthu:U.e 12:U:"" i1; :w~~r1oa in ~bte h he $t.Q ted ·I I.l~.:lng the hundl"t'ld and t 1f'tiY Y{lHilt''$ 01 _~.., 'ClIDlmWp~ca;f tho. ,Q,,,tboUc· task hall hrlle\t'l to k~fi!P t he fro. 'th IlU,v~to tl1lild. ~p a !Jtoad$oot. soe..1. tyof' ptJ' .a:Cftictng~~ "':rIlil , !.Ifid to do£end ! t seU jl.. ti(tj,llst .oonst;int ®ut!"'.. Nas.Ii}S8$rlly th~ ehall'~t t)rct ~tl pt'im."il14r r$1~1Q\18 tl:d.;!}ld,t!~ bee r~0 ~ l ()fjf)ti et l'l !tith t he rll.tm,\lt t.n$t :ttl1 i';;i.nQQttet'r1ble (!()l'loIIif ,6 t~t '01' tho~~bt ilL");d loveliness h.n:o a f'ttl~d tlj;lonAme:d.. cau Ca tJlo,11ci~ , .. -Ir ..._ .' 14ltlU:8t ,~~rtt.w! qQ~h:ll~p1_ . P. 1.$7.- . .. ~lS&l",e fl. Shu~t ~r. c:n:~ 9.!l.~1;te . $p1dt 1fi~~~1ca (flew YQ't"lu l'be Dial beGS, 1921>' 'P. ~ . 116. 6lbid., P4 170. .) 'that such ;.t ,situation h~d existed i1) f.rJIil prist 'W(~~ atld~l'~rt.a.~d1ilbl.'S ... iba;t it l1J.)m.d be perp$tua.~) \\'at.f unt(j~vable' . Shust{ll" f elt th~ llent09.litq WU$ " be1r:g 1'~~t;;u~md and that tM roQt Q,'£' tMJ ~vU W~S the. tldue$tiQMl syste1l. tilt 1$ tlQt ael'~lY' th.... t th~ tr0~dons en.t.fJ.rpt"i$f3 Qf. p;woeb1al edillO:atlon n~ .. tlEl Gr.ed ~ C~tboli.e el.:ittltQ e.