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Global Corruption Barometer PEOPLE AND CORRUPTION: MIDDLE EAST & NORTH AFRICA SURVEY 2016 Global Corruption Barometer Transparency International is a global movement with one vision: a world in which government, business, civil society and the daily lives of people are free of corruption. With more than 100 chapters worldwide and an international secretariat in Berlin, we are leading the fight against corruption to turn this vision into reality. www.transparency.org Author: Coralie Pring, Research Coordinator, Global Surveys, Transparency International Secretariat ISBN: 978-3-96076-019-1 Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY-ND 4.0 © Transparency International 2016. Some rights reserved. Printed on 100% recycled paper. © Cover photo: Flickr.com/TheOnlyMoxey Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this report. All information was believed to be correct as of April 2016. Nevertheless, Transparency International cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 4 KEY FINDINGS ........................................................................................................................................ 5 EXECUTIVERECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY ................................ FOR THE REGION................................ ......................................................................................................................................................... 64 KEY FINDINGS ........................................................................................................................................ 5 THERECOMMENDATIONS STATE OF CORRUPT FORION: THE THE REGION PUBLIC’S ................................ VIEW ......................................................................................................................................... 67 RISING OR FALLING? HOW THE LEVEL OF CORRUPTION IS SEEN AS CHANGING OVER TIME . 7 THEPOLITICIANS, STATE OF CORRUPT PUBLIC OFFICIALSION: THE PUBLIC’SOR BUSINES VIEWS EXECUTIVES: ................................ WHO................................ ARE SEEN AS MOST............. 7 RISING OR FALLING? HOW THE LEVEL OF CORRUPTION IS SEEN AS CHANGING OVER TIME . 7 CORRUPT? ............................................................................................................................................ 10 POLITICIANS, PUBLIC OFFICIALS OR BUSINESS EXECUTIVES: WHO ARE SEEN AS MOST DOING WELL OR DOING BADLY? HOW PEOPLE RATE THEIR GOVERNMENT’S ANTI- CORRUPT? ............................................................................................................................................ 10 CORRUPTION EFFORTS ...................................................................................................................... 12 DOING WELL OR DOING BADLY? HOW PEOPLE RATE THEIR GOVERNMENT’S ANTI- BRIBERY:CORRUPTION WHAT EFFORTS SERVICES ................................ DO PEOPLE PAY................................ BRIBES FOR? ................................................................................................................. 1214 HOW MANY PEOPLE PAY BRIBES? .................................................................................................... 14 BRIBERY:WHICH SERVICES WHAT SERVIC ARE ESAFFECTED DO PEOPLE BY BRIBERY? PAY BRIBES ................................ FOR? ...................................................................................................... 1614 HOW MANY PEOPLE PAY BRIBES? .................................................................................................... 14 WHO HAS TO PAY BRIBES? ................................................................................................................ 19 WHICH SERVICES ARE AFFECTED BY BRIBERY? ........................................................................... 16 PEOPLEWHO HAS’S ACTIONS: TO PAY BRIBE HOW S?CAN ................................ THEY HELP STOP................................ CORRUPTION? ................................................................................................. 1922 CAN PEOPLE MAKE A DIFFERENCE? ................................................................................................ 22 PEOPLEHOW PEOPLE’S ACTIONS: CAN HOWSTOP CAN CORRUPTION THEY HELP ................................ STOP CORRUPTION?................................ ............................................................................ 2322 CAN PEOPLE MAKE A DIFFERENCE? ................................................................................................ 22 WHY DON’T MORE PEOPLE REPORT CORRUPTION? ..................................................................... 24 HOW PEOPLE CAN STOP CORRUPTION ........................................................................................... 23 CONCLUSIONS:WHY DON’T MORE HOW PEOPL COUNTRIESE REPORT MEASURE CORRUPTION? UP ................................ .................................................................................................................... 2426 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................................... 28 CONCLUSIONS: HOW COUNTRIES MEASURE UP ............................................................................... 26 CITIZENS’ CORRUPTION SCORECARD RATINGS ............................................................................ 29 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................................... 28 DATACITIZENS’ TABLES CORRUPTION ................................ SCORECARD................................ RATINGS ...................................................................................................................................................... 2930 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................... 34 DATA TABLES .......................................................................................................................................... 30 END NOTES .............................................................................................................................................. 35 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................... 34 END NOTES .............................................................................................................................................. 35 MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA COURTS ARE THE WORST, POLICE AREN’T MUCH BETTER WHAT DO PEOPLE THINK Almost ABOUT CORRUPTION? 1 in 3 who dealt with the courts paid a bribe KEY FINDINGS CORRUPTION IS PERCEIVED TO BE INCREASING 1 in 4 people who dealt with police paid a bribe 61% VICTIMS ARE INTIMIDATED INTO SILENCE of people think corruption has increased in the last year. Only BRIBERY IS WIDESPREAD 1 in 5 Nearly 1 in 3 bribe payers report the incident paid a bribe in the last year, or around 50 million people 2 in 5 who do report corruption suffer retaliation GOVERNMENTS ARE FAILING TO FIGHT CORRUPTION Almost a third say people in the region don’t report 30% corruption because they 68% 26% fear retaliation if they speak out fear the consequences. say their government is doing badly say their government is doing well about corruption MENA_GCB infographics_DC 4 2016/04/20 1:43 PM MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA COURTS ARE THE WORST, POLICE AREN’T MUCH BETTER WHAT DO PEOPLE THINK Almost ABOUT CORRUPTION? 1 in 3 who dealt with the courts paid a bribe KEY FINDINGS CORRUPTION IS PERCEIVED TO BE INCREASING 1 in 4 people who dealt with police paid a bribe 61% VICTIMS ARE INTIMIDATED INTO SILENCE of people think corruption has increased in the last year. Only BRIBERY IS WIDESPREAD 1 in 5 Nearly 1 in 3 bribe payers report the incident paid a bribe in the last year, or around 50 million people 2 in 5 who do report corruption suffer retaliation GOVERNMENTS ARE FAILING TO FIGHT CORRUPTION Almost a third say people in the region don’t report 30% corruption because they 68% 26% fear retaliation if they speak out fear the consequences. say their government is doing badly say their government is doing well about corruption MENA_GCB infographics_DC 4 2016/04/20 1:43 PM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In far too many countries, parents are put in the impossible position of having to pay a bribe, which they cannot afford, or their child will miss out on the life- saving treatment that it desperately needs. This was the situation that Kamal from Morocco was faced with when his partially blind daughter urgently needed a brain scan. He had to make the choice between paying the exorbitant bribe that the nurse was demanding or his daughter would not be seen. This isn't a unique story, and in this latest Middle East and North Africa edition of the Global Corruption Barometer we find that 50 million adults in the region are having to pay bribes to access the basic services that they need. This is one of the findings from our survey, which aims to give a voice to ordinary citizens' views and experiences of corruption and help hold governments to account for their actions – or lack thereof – at stopping public sector graft. For the survey we are
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