Combating Corruption
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Corruption Trends in the Middle East and North Africa Region (2007-2011)
www.transparency.org www.cmi.no Corruption trends in the Middle East and North Africa Region (2007-2011) Query What do anti-corruption indexes and experts say about the levels and types of corruption in MENA countries over the last five years? What are the main areas and sources of corruption? Are there specific themes and issues that are common to a number of countries? What record do governments have in tackling corruption? Are there any examples of successful anti-corruption reforms in countries in the MENA region over the past five years? We are especially interested in country based issues - rather than regional – for Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, Tunisia and Libya. Purpose Summary This Expert Answer is to assist with developing a new anti-corruption strategy in the MENA region. In Revolutions sweeping across the Middle East and particular, the donor is interested in approaches it can North Africa (MENA) region during 2011 have shone take to reduce corruption in Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, light on widespread corruption, particularly political Tunisia and Libya. The aim is to pursue effective anti- corruption in the form of stolen assets by seemingly all corruption strategies in order to contribute to peace and the deposed leaders. There also has been widespread stability in the region. evidence of prolific patronage, nepotism, and collusion between the public and private sectors that has Content contributed to the heightened levels of civil unrest and public protests. 1. Corruption trends in the MENA region (2007 – 2011) The key anti-corruption indexes — namely Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions 2. Country specific themes, issues and anti- Index, the Bertelsmann Foundation’s Transformation corruption reforms Index, Global Integrity’s Report, Freedom House’s 3. -
Corruption Threats & International Missions
PE ACE& PEACE & CONFLICT Corruption Threats & International Missions CONPractical guidance for leaders FLICT "Corruption threatens international missions, and countering it is a strategic necessity—it’s hard-nosed common sense and militaries need to know how to do it." Rear Admiral Bruce Williams Deputy Director General and Chief of Staff European Union Military Staff Foreword Corruption is a feature of all practical guidance that can be conflicts, playing a key role in used in daily work. the power-struggle between competing groups for The considerations in this resources and power. handbook will be relevant to almost all international This places mission leaders in operations and missions. a challenging situation because it means engagement with Corruption undermines corrupt entities is frequently credibility. We have no doubt inevitable. The choice is often that, with the right whether to deal with one understanding and guidance, corrupt entity, or another even mission leaders and their staffs more corrupt entity. can limit the threat corruption poses, and have a greater In places such as Afghanistan, chance of achieving stability the Democratic Republic of and security for citizens. Congo, Haiti, Iraq, and Mali, we have seen how corruption can We hope that this handbook is threaten mission success and helpful to you. We welcome all long-term stability. Yet mission feedback and comments on leaders, national officials and how it can be improved in their civilian and military staffs future editions. charged with leading, planning, and implementing international missions often lack the understanding and skills to tackle the corruption issues that can have such a devastating impact on operational goals. -
Universal Jurisdiction
UNIVERSAL JURISDICTION A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF LEGISLATION AROUND THE WORLD – 2012 UPDATE Amnesty International Publications First published in October 2012 by Amnesty International Publications International Secretariat Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom www.amnesty.org Copyright Amnesty International Publications 2012 Index: IOR 53/019/2012 Original Language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publishers. Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 3 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................1 A. The two annexes...........................................................................................................6 B. Definitions...................................................................................................................7 -
Here a Causal Relationship? Contemporary Economics, 9(1), 45–60
Bibliography on Corruption and Anticorruption Professor Matthew C. Stephenson Harvard Law School http://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/mstephenson/ March 2021 Aaken, A., & Voigt, S. (2011). Do individual disclosure rules for parliamentarians improve government effectiveness? Economics of Governance, 12(4), 301–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-011-0100-8 Aaronson, S. A. (2011a). Does the WTO Help Member States Clean Up? Available at SSRN 1922190. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1922190 Aaronson, S. A. (2011b). Limited partnership: Business, government, civil society, and the public in the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). Public Administration and Development, 31(1), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.588 Aaronson, S. A., & Abouharb, M. R. (2014). Corruption, Conflicts of Interest and the WTO. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 183–197). Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507 Abbas Drebee, H., & Azam Abdul-Razak, N. (2020). The Impact of Corruption on Agriculture Sector in Iraq: Econometrics Approach. IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science, 553(1), 12019-. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/553/1/012019 Abbink, K., Dasgupta, U., Gangadharan, L., & Jain, T. (2014). Letting the briber go free: An experiment on mitigating harassment bribes. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS, 111(Journal Article), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2013.12.012 Abbink, Klaus. (2004). Staff rotation as an anti-corruption policy: An experimental study. European Journal of Political Economy, 20(4), 887–906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2003.10.008 Abbink, Klaus. -
An Institutional Analysis of Political Corruption in Kenya
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 24, Issue 2, Ser. 2 (February. 2019) 75-85 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org An Institutional Analysis of Political Corruption in Kenya Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Gülay Uğur GÖKSEL, Osman Ibrahim ISA 1Istanbul Aydin University Department of Political Science and International Relations 2Istanbul Aydın University Corresponding Author: Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Gülay Uğur GÖKSEL Abstract: The term corruption is a term frequently used by everyone around the globe since it‟s an international problem or most preferable, an international disease. Corruption has been a main problem in our societies whereby individuals take advantage of it in order to ease their way through strict rules or closed doors. This term is known as bribery or greasing the wheels. Corruption has been a major problem in our societies whereby it‟s very hard to eliminate it since it has merged and stretched its roots to the very bottom level of our society. Corruption brings comfort to the corrupt individuals but a downfall towards the economy and the security of the country and its honest citizens. Many international organizations such as the United Nations have tried to find and create solutions on how to eliminate the existence of corruption but they have bared no fruits due to the secretive nature of how corruption is conducted. Corruption takes place or rather is conducted under very secretive rules and environment, mostly between two individuals. It‟s rather very hard to see it in action unless one is very keen and sometimes by the help of a tip off. -
Map of Corruption in Yemen: Influential Parties
Map of Corruption in Yemen: Influential Parties Dr. Yehya Salih Mohsin Yemen Observatory for Human Rights (YOHR) 2010 Contents Foreword Preface (Anecdotes on corruption in Yemen) Introduction Chapter One: Concepts and levels of corruption: Its indicators and mechanisms in Yemen - Concepts and definitions of corruption - Levels and forms of corruption - Destructive impacts of corruption - Indicators of corruption in Yemen - The foremost mechanisms of corruption in Yemen - The private sector adapts to corrupt relationships - The government and the World Bank are partners in obscuring and distorting data - The Supreme National Anti-Corruption Commission: Destructive corruption and poor performance Chapter Two: The political economy of corruption in Yemen - Yemen on the verge of failed statehood - When corruption becomes an institution - The tribal military alliance – a pillar of the corrupt authority - Absolute authority – a support for the institution of corruption - Hereditary rule and the politicisation of public service - Corruption: the great sponsor of terrorism Chapter Three: Corruption in the oil sector in Yemen - The nature of the socio-economic circumstances - The major deficiencies in the oil sector - Mechanisms and forms of corruption in the oil sector: 4 • Corruption through “additional credits” 5 • Corruption through smuggling of oil derivatives 12 • Other forms of corruption in the oil sector 16 Chapter Four: Corruption in Yemen: A field study - Numerical data from the field studies (questionnaire) - Analysis of the results -
First Name(S) Present Position Previous Positions / Relevant
Country Family Name(s) First Name(s) Present Position Previous Positions / Relevant Experience Bolivia Suxo Iturry Nardy Elizabeth Minister, Ministry for Former Vice- Minister for Institutional Transparency (Plurinational Institutional and Anti-Corruption Activities; Expert for Bolivia in the State of) Transparency and Anti- OAS-MESICIC Committee of Experts; Preparation of Corruption Activities evaluation reports on implementation of international anti-corruption instruments; Conception and formulation of policies for the prevention and combating of corruption in Bolivia; Coordination and implementation of transparency and social control strategies. Veizaga Bellido Gabriela Denisse Vice-Minister, Ministry Formulation and implementation of policies to combat for Institutional corruption, the punishment of acts of corruption, Transparency and Anti- recovery of assets, administration of assets recovered by Corruption Activities the State, awareness promotion among the general public and training of public servants; Supervision of investigations; follow-up and monitoring of judicial anti-corruption measures and proceedings; oversight of the presentation of reports; coordination and implementation of inter-institutional coordination strategies for the investigation and trial of cases of corruption; Participation in MESICIC; Former technical judge in the fourth trial court and investigating judge in pre-trial proceedings (district of Cochabamba). Camargo Ticona Carlos Fernando Vice-Minister for Formulation of public policies on transparency -
By Mutegi Njau to Ordinary Kenyans, the Reports Were
By Mutegi Njau To ordinary Kenyans, the reports were horrific: people being beheaded and skinned around the country — crimes attributed to maverick gangs called Mungiki (masses of people). The police retaliated by randomly raiding the suspected gang’s hideouts and by indiscriminately killing alleged gang members. To Kenyans aged 45 and over, the incidents were reminiscent of Mau Mau period (1952-60), when Kenyan freedom fighters brutally killed colonialists and their collaborators and drank their blood. For most of 2007, the dreaded Mungiki gangs have disrupted public transport and killed and maimed civilians in Nairobi and other major towns and villages in the Central and Rift Valley provinces. Corruption in the police and within the political circles has allowed Mungiki to thrive. The gangsters, who extort money from public transporters and commandeer public utility facilities, such as electric power and water with impunity, have police and political patronage. Indeed, even to a casual observer, there is irony in the way Mungiki operates. It was created to clean up corruption, yet Mungiki is itself corrupt and has grown and flourished because of a corrupt environment. The outlaw group was founded by youths outraged at economic decline, runaway corruption and the near collapse of family values in the late 1980s. Extortion became its modus operandi, and as it sought to bring back order, it used police officers it paid handsomely to protect its turf and businesses. Mungiki is reminiscent of the Italian organized crime operation, the Mafia, which enlisted police, judiciary, and even the political elite. Now Mungiki is the new face of corruption in Kenya. -
State-Narco Networks and the ‘War on Drugs’ in Post-Transition Bolivia, with Special Reference to 1989-1993
Gillies, Allan Jack Joseph (2016) State-narco networks and the ‘War on drugs’ in post-transition Bolivia, with special reference to 1989-1993. PhD thesis. https://theses.gla.ac.uk/7742/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] State-Narco Networks and the ‘War on Drugs’ in Post-Transition Bolivia, with special reference to 1989-1993 Allan Jack Joseph Gillies Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities College of Arts November 2016 University of Glasgow This work was supported by the University of Glasgow’s Lord Kelvin Adam Smith Scholarship scheme. i Table of Contents Declaration iii Abstract iv Acknowledgements vi List of Figures & Tables vii Abbreviations & Acronyms viii Chapter 1|Introduction 1 1.1 Case Selection 4 1.2 Advancing a Nuanced Understanding of State-Narco Networks 9 1.2.1 Alternative Paradigms of the ‘War on Drugs’ 10 1.2.2 The Coercion Literature 16 1.1.2 The ‘War on -
(KTDA) – Corruption – Kikuyu Ethnic Group
Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: KEN34521 Country: Kenya Date: 16 March 2009 Keywords: Kenya – Kenya Tea Development Agency (KTDA) – Corruption – Kikuyu ethnic group This response was prepared by the Research & Information Services Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. This research response may not, under any circumstance, be cited in a decision or any other document. Anyone wishing to use this information may only cite the primary source material contained herein. Questions 1. Please provide any information regarding the directorship of the Kenya Tea Agency. 2. Please provide information on the structure and activities of the Kenya Tea Development Agency (KTDA). 3. Are there any reports of fraud charges against the management of the KTDA? 4. Is there anything to indicate that managers of tea cartels or figures prominent in the tea industry have been elected to parliament in Kenya? 5. Please provide any information on corruption in the tea industry in Kenya. 6. Please provide any information on government involvement in corruption in the tea industry. 7. To what extent is the KTDA involved in combating corruption? 8. Are there any reports of people being killed or otherwise seriously harmed as a result of advocating reform in the tea industry? 9. What steps have the Kenyan authorities taken to address corruption in the tea industry or other industries? 10. -
COUNTRY CORRUPTION RISK PROFILES Egypt
COUNTRY CORRUPTION RISK PROFILES Egypt Overview of Data Egypt presents high third-party corruption risks, with many governance indicators in the bottom third of countries worldwide. Successful FCPA enforcement actions have involved multiple cases of bribery to secure public contracts in the defense, civil engineering, and energy sectors. Corruption and Governance Indicators Egypt G7 Average Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 35 73 World Bank Control of Corruption Score 31 87 World Justice Project Rule of Law Score 36 76 Major Correlates of Corruption Nominal GDP Per Capita Percentile Rank 28 89 World Bank Government Effectiveness Score 31 89 *All indicators are scores/100 or are percentile ranks, 100=best. Some scores have been adjusted accordingly. 1-33 34-66 67-100. World Bank Enterprise Survey Responses Egypt Top 10 Countries Share of firms reporting at least one bribe request 15% 1.4% Share of firms expected to give gifts to secure government contract 14% 1.9% Share of firms expected to give gifts to officials to “get things done” 19% 1.5% Share of businesses reporting corruption is a major constraint 68% 7.5% FCPA Cases (as reported) Total FCPA Enforcement: 10 Cases ● Lockheed— Regional executives were indicted for allegedly providing significant payments to a sitting member of Egypt’s legislative assembly as a “consultant” to influence Lockheed’s USD 78M sale of transport aircraft to the Egyptian military. ● Former Bechtel Executive — An executive from a joint venture between Bechtel and an Egyptian SOE in charge of handling bid submissions allegedly established a kickback program from which he derived USD 5M by influencing more than USD 2B in contracts. -
UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Logic of Kleptocracy: Corruption, Repression, and Political Opposition in Post-Soviet Eurasia Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92g1h187 Author LaPorte, Jody Marie Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Logic of Kleptocracy: Corruption, Repression, and Political Opposition in Post-Soviet Eurasia By Jody Marie LaPorte A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Jason Wittenberg, Co-chair Professor Michael S. Fish, Co-chair Professor David Collier Professor Victoria Bonnell Spring 2012 The Logic of Kleptocracy: Corruption, Repression, and Political Opposition in Post-Soviet Eurasia Copyright 2012 by Jody Marie LaPorte Abstract The Logic of Kleptocracy: Corruption, Repression, and Political Opposition in Post-Soviet Eurasia by Jody Marie LaPorte Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Berkeley Professor Jason Wittenberg, co-chair Professor Michael S. Fish, co-chair This dissertation asks why some non-democratic regimes give political opponents significant leeway to organize, while others enforce strict limits on such activities. I examine this question with reference to two in-depth case studies from post-Soviet Eurasia: Georgia under President Eduard Shevardnadze and Kazakhstan under President Nursultan Nazarbayev. While a non- democratic regime was in place in both countries, opposition was highly tolerated in Georgia, but not allowed in Kazakhstan. I argue that these divergent policies can be traced to variation in the predominant source and pattern of state corruption in each country.