1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 115

By Mr. WILSO~ of New York: A bill (H._ R. 1825) to i:~1erease PETITIONS, ETC. the pension of DaVId Parker-to the Com1mttee on Invahd Pen­ Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers sions. were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: By l\fr. ALLEN: A bill (H. R. 1826) for the relief of M. G. By Mr. ADAMS: Petition of citizens of Philadelphia, in favor of Cumby-to the Committee on War Claims. Senate bill No. 3589 and House bill No. 10108, Fifty-fourth Con­ · Also, a bill (H. R. 1827) for ~he relief of Matild~ H. Reed, of gress, regulating frate~nal beneficia~y s_ociet ies, order:s, and asso­ Iuka, Tishomingo County, Miss.-to the Committee on War ciations-to the Committee on the D1stnct of Columbia. Claims. By Mr. CORLISS: Memorial of William A. McGregor and 271 Also, a bill (H. R. 1828) for relief of Andrew Br-own, heir of other citizens of DetroH, Mich., asking for the discontinuance of David Brown, deceased, late of Tishomingo County, Miss.-to the the appropriation for the free distribution of seeds-to the Com­ Committee on War Claims. mittee on Agriculture. Also, a bill (H. R. 1829) for relief of John W. Willia~s, heir By Mr. DE VRIES: Petition of George Dougers and 52 other H. G. Williams, deceased, late of Tishomingo County, M1ss.-to farmers of California, praying that a duty of 1t cents per pound the Committee on War Claims. be placed on raw chicory-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Also, a bill (H. R. 1830) for relief ~f Ge~rge Kimberley~ heir By Mr. ELLIOTT: Petition of B. S. Mathews and other letter of M.P. Kimberley, deceased, late of Tishommgo County, Miss.­ carriers of Charleston, S. C., p!'aying for an appropriation to pay to the Committee on War Claims. judgments of the Court of Claims in their favor-to the Commit­ Also, a bill (H ~R. 1831) for the relief of Mrs. E. A. Hubl?ard, of tee on Appropi·iations. Tishomingo County, Miss.-to the Committee on War Clarms. By Mr. HEPBURN: Petition from the Epworth League of Bal­ Also, a bill (H. R. 1832) for the relief of the trustees of the timore Conference, representing 15,000 members, asking for the Baptist Church, of Corinth, Miss.-to the Committee on War passage of a bill to prohibit the transmission by mail or interstate Claims. commerce of pictures and descriptions of prize fights-to the Com­ Also, a bill (H. R. 1833) for the r:elief of Is~bella. Rowsey, of mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Alcorn County, Miss:-to the Committee on War Claims. . By Mr. HOWE: Resolutions of the Kings County. (N.Y.) Re­ Also, a bill (H. R. ·1834) for relief of eatate of Francis Whit­ publican committee, favoring thegrantingof belligerentrights to field-to the Committee on War Claims. Cuba-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 1835) for the relief of the trustees of Cum­ By Mr. McRAE: Resolution of the Western Waterways Con­ berland Presbyterian Church, of Corinth, Miss.-to the Committee vention, asking for the permanent improvement of the Ouachita on War Claims. · River in Arkansas and Louisiana; also memorial from the Cam­ Alsa, a bill ·(H. R. 1836) for the relief of the:Christian Church, den Commercial League, making the same request; also resolu­ of Corinth, Alcorn County, Miss.-to the Committee on War tion of the Arkansas Commercial Convention, bearing on the same Claims. subject-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Also, a bill (H. R. 1837) for the relief of David Ingram, of By Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana: Papers to accompany bill t.o Itawamba Connty, Miss.-to the Committee on War Claims. remove charge of desertion against George Alcott-to the Com­ Also, a bill (H. R. 1838) for the relief of Dr. 0. R. Early, of mittee on Military Affairs. Lowndes County, Miss.-to the Committee on War Claims. · By Mr. RUSSELL: Resolutions of Williams Post, No. 55, Grand Also, a bill (H. R. 1839) for the relief of the estate of Richard Army of the Republic, of Mystic, Conn., in favor of service-pen­ D. Fielder, of Tishomingo County, Miss.-to the Committee on sion law-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. War Claims. By Mr. SNOVER: Petition of Ed Heaton and 93 other citizens Also, a bill (H. R. 1840) for the relief of Mrs. Sarah M. Ozborn­ of Elkton, Mich.; also petition of R. Waggoner and 60 other citi­ to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. zens of Pinnebog, Mich.; also petition of A. L. Wright and 62 Also, a bill (H. R. 184:1) for the relief of Fletcher B. Neblett, other citizens of Badaxe, Mich., asking for an adequate tax on administrator of Richmond T. Rutledge, deceased-to the Com- Canadian cattle to protect the American cattle industry-to the mittee on War Claims. · Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. BARNEY: A bill (H. R. 1842) for the relief of William By Mr. TODD: Memorial of the Cigar Makers' Union of Kala­ J. Norton-to the Committee on Military Affairs. mazoo, Mich., protesting against the proposed increase in the tariff By 1\fr. BELKNAP: A bill (H. R. 1843) to correct and amend bill of duties on such raw tobacco material as is not produced in the military record of Capt. Alexander McDonald, of Company I, this country, and in favor of an increase on manufactured cigars- Seventeenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infanti·y-to _the Committee on to the Committee on Ways and Means. · Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 1844) for the relief of W. P. Marshall-to the Committee on War Claims. SENATE. By Mr. BROWNLOW: A bill (H. R. 1845) to amen~ the record of Capt. Thomas H. Reeves, United States Army, retired-to the MoNDAY, March 22, 1897. Committee on Military Affairs. · P~ayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. · By l\fr. CASTLE: A bill (H. R. 1846) for the relief of Charles J iliES K. JoNEs, a Senator from the State of Arkansas, appeared A. Nazro-to the Committee on Pensions. in his seat to-day. By Mr. CURTIS of Iowa: A bill (H. R. 1847) granting a pen­ The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of the proceedings sion to George F. White-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of Friday last; when, on motion of Mr. ALLEN, and by unanimous · By 1\fr. HOWE: A bill (H. R. 1848) granting a p_ension to Eliza consent, the further reading was dispensed with. J. Britton-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Journal stands approved. Also, a bill (H. R.1849) to remove the charge of desertion from MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. the naval record of William Kiernes-to the Committee on Mili­ A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. W. J. tary Affairs. BROWNING, its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had passed Also, a bill (H. R. 1850) removing the charge of desertion from the joint resolution (S. R. 7) regulating the distribution of public the military record of Charles Buchling-to the Committee on documents. . Military Affairs. The message further announced that the House had passed the Also, a bill (H. R. 1851) granting an increase of pension to Maj. following bills and joint resolutions; in which it requested the Samuel P. Dill-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. concurrence of the Senate: Also, a bill (H. R. 1852) removing the charge of desertion from A bill (H. R. 13) making appropriations to supply deficiencies the naval record of Patrick Naddy-to the Committee on Naval in the appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1897, and Affairs. for prior years, and for other purposes; Also, a bill (H. R.1853) removing the charge of desertion from A bill (H. R.l4) making appropriations for the Department of the military record of James Murphy-to _the Committee on Mili­ Agriculture for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1898; tary Affairs. A bill (H. R. 15) making appropriations for the current and Also, a bill (H. R. 1854) removing the charge of desertion from contingent expenses of the Indian Department and for fulfilling the milita-ry record of Frederick Castine-to the Committee on treaty stipulations with various Indian tribes for the fiscal year Military Affairs. ending June 30, 1898, and for other purposes; Also, a bill (H. R. 1855) granting an increase of pension to A bill (H. R. 16) making appropriations for sundry civil ex­ David C. Waring-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. penses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June ~0, 1898, Also, a bill (H. R. 1856) to remove the charge of desertion from and for other purposes; the military record of Jeremiah Cleary-to the Committee on Mil­ A joint resolution (H. Res. 25) amending a joint resolution con­ itary Affairs. tinuing in force section 2 of the act approved June 3, 1896, en­ By Mr. SNOVER: A bill (H. R. 1857) for the relief of Charles titled "An act to repeal section 61 of 'An act to reduce taxation, H. Lockwood-to the Committee on Military Affairs. to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes,'" Also, a bill (H. R. 1858) for the relief of William Manley-to which became a law August 28, 1894; the Committee on Invalid Pensions. A joint resolution (H. Res. 32) making immediately available 116 OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MAROH 22, the appropriations for mileage and statiol\ery of Senat_ors, Repre­ U.am P. Buckmaster, of St. Louis, Mo., to accompany the bill sentatives, and Delegates of the House. of ~eprese?tatives; :;md (S. 252) for the reljef of William P. Buckmastei·. I move that A joint resolution (H. Res. 33) malri~g Immediately available the petition and statement be referred to the Committee on Clrums, appropriations for the payment of certa;m employee~ of t}le HQ.ul!!e wh-ere the bill is now pending. of Representatives durmg the first sessiOn of the Fifty-fifth Con­ The motion was agreed to. gress, Mr. SPOONER presented the petition of B. E. Grinnell and sun· PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS, dry other citizens of Hammond, Wis., praying that a tariff be The VICE-PRESIDENT prese~ted petiti<:msof the ~met Cl~b, placed upon wool; which was referred to the Committee on Fi· of Bridgeport Conn.; of the SoCiety of Fnends, of Philadelphia, nance. Pa., and-of representatives of the Religious Soci~tyQf Friends~or He also presented the petition of Seery & Messer and sundry Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware, pra:YJ.ng for the ~at!ft­ other citizens of Wisconsin, praying that a specific duty be placed cation of the proposed arbitration treaty With Great Britam; upon all imported slack-barrel cooper stock; which was referred which were ordered to lie on the table. to the Committee on Finance. He also presented a petition of the Thirteenth Encampment of REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. the Grand Army of the Republic, of St. Paul, :J\.~inn., pr3:ying that an appropriation be made for the necessary reparr and mamtenance Mr. BERRY, from the Committee on Public Lands, to whom of the U.S. frigate Constitution and th;e U.S. sloop of w~ Hart­ was referred the bill (S. 3) to approve a compromise and settlement ford· which was refeiTed to the Committee on Naval AffaiTs .. between the United States and the State of Arkansas, reported it nfi.. VEST presented a petition of the Texas Live Stock,Ass~Cla­ , without amendment, and submitted a report the!eon. tion of San Antonio Tex., praying for the enactment or legiSla­ Mr. ALI:.EN, from the Committee on Inilian Affairs, to whom tion' establishing in' the _ Agricul~al J?epartment a. bureau of was referred the bill (S. 83) for the relief of the homestead settlers information and statistics concermng hve stock; whiCh was re­ on that portion of the Great Sioux Reservation lying and being in the ferred to the Committee on Agricultt1re and Forestry. State of Nebraska, formerly in the Territory of Dakota (now State Mr. ALLEN presented the memorial of W. B. Gr;iswold !'Lnd of South Dakota), and for other purposes, reported it with an sundry other citiz~ns of Lincoln, Ne}Jr.,.rell?-onstrating agru~st amendment, and submitted a report thereon. further appropriations for the free distributiOn of seeds; which He also, from the same committee, to whom was refened the was refeiTed to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. . bill (S. 82) restoring the Santee Sioux Inilians of Nebraska and the He also presented sundry affidavits and letters to acco~pany the Flandreau Sioux Indians of South Dakota, formerly known as and bill (S. 65) granting a pension to John F. Early; which were being a confede;racy of ~h~ Medawakanton and .Wapakoota Sioux refened to the Committee on Pensions. Indians, to alll'lghts, privileges, and benefits enJoyed by them and Mr. CANNON presented sundry petitions of citizens o~ Spring­ their ancestors under the treaties of 1837 and 18::>1, and for other ville Utah praying that a tariff be placed on sugar; which were purposes, reported it without amendment, and submitted a report refe~red to'the Committee on Finance. thereon. Mr. LODGE. I present resolutions adopted at a me~ting of Mr. PETTIGREW. I am directed bytheCommitteeonlndian leading citizens in Faneuil Hall, Bo~ton,_ Mass., fav

the States of Iowa, illinois, Kentucky, Maryland, New York, Mis- County, Miss., as found due by the Court of Claims under the act sissippi, Michigan, Missouri, ~ Ohio, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, of ltiarch 3, 1883; · Tennessee, Rhode Island, Texas, Virginia, Delaw~re, California, A bill (S. 1004) for the relief of Rebecca L. Bolling, administra~ 4-I"kansas, Florida, Connecticut, Indiana, and Louisiana, and other trix of Emily R. Martin, deceased. late of Vicksburg, Miss., and stockholders represented by the Odd Fellows' Hall .Association of A bill (S. 1005) for the relief of James G. Ferguson, of WarreP. New Orleans, La., for the use of, and..damages to, and occupation County, Miss., as found due by the Court of Claims under the act of its real and personal property, and aestruction of personal prop- of March 3, 1883. erty by the troops of the United States (with accompanying :Mr. MARTIN (for Mr. DA~"'IEL) introduced the following bills; papers); which were severally read twice by their titles, and referred to the A bill (S. 977) for the relief of Fanny B. Randolph and Dora L. Committee on Claims: Stark; A bill (S. 1006) for the relief of Samuel Fitzhugh, administrator A bill (S. 978) to authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to ·of Henry Fitzhugh, deceased, late of Spottsylvania County, Va., refund certain moneys collected by the United States; as found due by the Court of Claims under the act of March 3, A bill (S. 979) to carry into effect a finding of the Oourt of 1883; and Claims in favor of Mary 0. Planche, of Louisiana; A bill (S. 1007) for the relief of the heirs of the late Mrs. Mary A bill (S. 980) to pay to Marie Eliza Payne, of Natchitoches Ann Randolph Custis ~ee, of Fairfax County, Va. Parish, La., an amount found due by the Court of Claims; Mr. MARTIN {for Mr. DANIEL) introduced a bill (S. 1008) to A bill (S. 981) to authorize Charles E. Fenner, executor of quitclaim and confirm title to lots 13 and 14, in square 959, in George E. Payne, deceased, to prosecute his claim before the Washington, D. C.; which was read twice by its title, and referred Court of Claims; to the Committee on the District of Columbia. A bill (S. 982) for the relief of the estate of Michael Knight, de- He also (for Mr. DANIEL) introduced a bill (S. 1009) to author- ceased (with accompanying paper); 1 ize the Light-House Board to pay to Chamblin, Delaney & Scott A bill (S. 983) for the relief of John Rhodes and wife; the sum of $.2,125; which was read twice byits title, and referred A bill (S. 984) for the relief of th~ estate of James K. Benjamin, to the Committee on Naval Affairs. deceased, late of New Orleans, La.; He also introduced a bill (S. 1010) for the relief of the Potomac A bill (S. 985) for the relief of the estate of J. T. Strother, Steamboat Company; which was read twice by its title, and re-­ deceased, late of Louisiana, and Mrs. J. T. Strother, of Louisiana; ferred to the Committee on Clailns. A bill (S. 986) for the relief of J. A. Oubre, administrator of ' Mr. CANNON introduced a bill (S.1011) toincreasethepension Eugene Oubre, deceased, late of Point Coupoo Parish, La., as ofErikaA.Norman;whichwasreadtwicebyitstitle,andreferred found due by the Court of Claims under the act of March 3, 1883; to the Committee -on Pensio~. A bill (S. 987) for the relief of Alphonso Meuillon, adminis- Mr. DAVIS introduced a bill (S. 1012) for the relief of Dr. John trator of Antoine Donato Meuillon, deceased, late of St. Landry Benjamin; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Parish, La., as found due by the Court of Claims under the act of Committee o~ Claims. March 3, 1883; Mr. PROCTOR introduced a bill (S. 1013) for the relief of Mrs. A bill (S. 988) for the relief of Nania A. Badley, administratrix R. M. Bartleman; which was read twice by its title, and referred of Henry Badley, deceased, late of Baton Rouge, La., as found to the Committee on Pensions. due by the Court of Claims under the act of March 3, 1883; and Mr. LODGE introduced a bill (S. 1014) concerning carriers en... A bill (8. 989) for the relief of Abram A. Harvey, guardian of gaged in interstate commerce and their employees; which , w~ the children of Abram A. Harvey, deceased, late of Washington read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Educa.-. Parish, La., as found due by the Court of Claims under the act of tion and Labor. March 3, 1883. He also introduced the following bills; which were severally Mr. BERRY introduced the following bills; which were sever- read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on Claimsz ally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on A bill (S. 1015) for the relief of Charles Speare; Claims: A bill (S. 1016) for the relief of the Atlantic Works, of Boston, A bill (S. 990) for the relief of E. M. Ford, administrator of Mass.; and Richard L. Ford, deceased, late of Phillips County, Ark., as A bill {S.1017) for the relief of the Globe Works, of Boston, found due by the Court of Claims under the a-ct of March 3, 1883; Mass, (with an a-ccompanying pa-per). A bill (S. 991) for the relief of James C. Tappan, administrator Mr. CLARK (by request) introduced the following bills; which of Samuel J. Sutton, deceased, late of Phillips County, Ark., as were severally read twice bytheir titles, and referred to the Com.. found due by the Court of Claims under the act of March 3, 1883; mittee on Claims: A bill (S. 992) for the relief of the estate of Parkes & Ward, of A bill (S. 1018) for the relief of Frank Della Torre and Susan F. Yell County, Ark. (with an accompanying paper); Della Torte, heirs of Peter Della Torre, deceased; and A bill (S. 993) for the relief of R. B. Carl Lee, administrator of A bill (S. 1019) for the I'elief of Maj. William M. Maynadier, a Charlotte C. Bancroft, deceased, late of Phillips County, Ark., as . paymaster in the United States Army. found due by the Court of Claims under the act of March 3, 1883; Mr. CLARK (by request) introduced a bill (S. 1020) for the and proper official recognition of William F. Tiemann; which was A bill (S. 994) for the relief of J. W. Frazer, administrator of · read twice by its title, and refelTed to the Committee -on Military William J. Hendricks, deceased, late of Monroe County, Ark., as Affairs. found due by the Court of Claims under the act of March 3, 1883. He also (by request) introduced a bill (S. 1021) for the relief of Mr. ALLEN introduced a bill (S. 995) for the relief of George William H. Bell; which was read twice by its title" and referred M. Anderson, of the State of Nebraska; which was read twice by to the Committee on Patents. its title, and, with the accompanying paper, referred to the Com- Mr. PLATT of Connecticut introduced the following bills; mittee on Public Lands. which were severally read twice by their titles, and referred to He also introduced a bill (S. 996) for the relief of Peter Coyle; the Committee on Pensions: which was read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying A bill (S. 1022) granting a. pension to Mrs. Lily C. Kingsley; paper, referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. A bill (S. 1023) granting a pension to Jane L. Buckingham; and He also introduced a bill (S. 997) to establish a uniform system A bill (8. 1024) granting an increase of nension to Grace T. of bankruptcy; which was read twice by it.s title, and referred to Arms. - the Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. PLATT of Connecticut introduced a bill (S. 1025) for the Mr. WALTHALL introduced the following bills; which were relief of C. W. Michaels; which was read twice by its title, and severally read twice by their· titles, and referred to the Committee referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. on Claims: He also introduced a bill (S. 1026) for the relief of Richard E. A bill (S. 998) for the relief of J. R. Eggleston, of Hinds County, Hayden; which was read twice by its title, and refen·ed to the Miss.; Committee on Military Affairs. A bill (S. 999) for· the relief of Anna Hunt, administratrix of He also introduced a bill (8.1027) for the relief of Louis H. Bris~ George F. Hunt, late of Jefferson County, Miss., as found due by tol, administrator; which was read twice by its title, and referred the Court of Claims under the act ~fMarch 3, 1883; to the Committee on Claims. A bill (S. 1000) for relief of Stephen Duncan Marshall and Mr. ROACH introduced a bill (8.1028) to promote the purposes George M. Miller, executors of the will of Levin R. Marshall, of the National Conservatory of Music of America; which was deceased; read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Educar A bill (S. 1001) for the relief of Edward V. Dickens, of Panola tion and Labor. County, Miss., as found due by the Court of Claims under the act Mr. FRYE introduced a bill (S. 1029) for the relief of thePOI"t~ of March 3, 1883; land Company, of Portland, Me.; which was read twice by its A bill (S. 1002) for the relief of Martha J. Stewart, of Jefferson title, and referred to the Committee on Claims. County, Miss., as found due by the Court of Claims under the act He also introduced a bill (S. 1030) to remove discriminations of March 3, 1883; against American sailing vessels in the coasting trade; which was A bill (8. 1003) for the relief of Calvin Cheairs, of Benton readtwicebyitstitle,andreferredtotheCommitteeonCommeroe. 118 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MARcH 2-2,

He also introduced a bill (S. 1031) granting a pension to Noah States courts to the credit of the United States; which was read Pillsbury; which was read twice by its title, and referTed to the twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on Pensions. He also introduced a bill (S. 1055) appropriating money to pay Mr. BURROWS introduced a bill (S. 1032) for the relief of the claim of the Western Paving and Supply Company; which William H. Hugo; which was read twice by its title, and referred was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on to the Committee on :Military Affairs. Claims. • Mr. LINDSAY introduced the following bills; which were sev­ Mr. HANNA introduced a bill (S. 1056) to provide for a public erally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on building at Cleveland, Ohio; which was read twice by its title, Pansions: and referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. A bill (S. 1033) granting a pension to Mrs. Anna B. Lewis; and Mr. HANSBROUGH i_ntroduced a bill (S. 1057) to prevent in­ A bill (S. 1034) for the relief of James Eganson, of Henderson,. ventors and others from being deceiv~d and defrauded by alleged Ky. patent attorneys; which was read twice by its title, and referred Mr. LINDSAY introduced a bill (S. 1035) to establish uniform to the Committee on Patents. laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States; Mr. GALLINGER introduced a bill (S. 1058) to compensate which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee Sophie Kosack for injuries sustained and rewar·d her for bravery on the Judiciary. displayed in rescuing the imperiled in the '' Old Ford's Theater " Mr. PASCO introduced a bill (S. 1036) granting the use of cer­ disaster; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the tain lands to the city of St. Augustine, Fla., for a public park, and Committee on Claims. for other purposes; which was read twice by its title, and referred Mr. COCKRELL introduced a bill (S. 1059) granting increase . to the Committee on Public Lands. of pension to survivors of the Mexican and Indian wars and to Mr. McENERY introduced a bill (S. 1037) for the relief of their widows; which was read twice by its title, and referred to Mrs. Charlotte C. Leathers; which was read twice by its title, the Committee on Pensions. . and referred to the Committee on Claims. He also introduced a bill (S. 1060) granting an increase of_pen­ Mr. PETTUS introduced a bill (S. 1038) for the relief of the sion to William Wheeler; which was read twice by its title. Mobile Marine Dock Company; which was read twice by its title, Mr. COCKRELL. I present to accompany the bill the applica­ and referred to the Committee on Claims. · tion of William Wheeler for an increase of pension and sundry Mr. HOAR introduced a bill (S. 1039) granting a pension to affidavits. I move that the bill and accompanying papers be re- Alice D. Ray; which was read twice by its title,. and referred to the ferred to the Committee on Pensions. - Committee on Pensions. - · · The motion was agreed to. Mr. CARTER introduced a bill (S. 1040) tp proyide compensa­ Mr. TURPlE introduced a bill (B. 1061) granting a pension to tion for a bridge and for buildings and ot)ler improvements con­ Richard Sheets; which was read twice by its title, and referred structed by certain-persons upon public lands afterwards set apart to the Committee on Pensions. and reserved as the Yellowstone National Park; which was read He also (by request) introduced a bill (S. 1062) for the relief of twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Territories. W. R. Austin & Co.; which was read twice by its title, andre­ Mr. PRITCHARD introduced a bill (S. 1041) amending section ferred to the Committee on Claims. 4-716 of the Revised Statutes; which was read twice by its title, and Mr. GALLINGER introduced a bill (S. 1063) for the further referred to the Committee on Pensions. prevention of c.ruelty to animals in the District of Columbia; Mr. CHANDLER introduced the following bills; which were which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee severally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. on Interstate Commerce: Mr. FORAKER introduced a bill. (S. 1064) for the relief of A bill _(S. 1042) amendatory of an act entitled "An act to regu­ Harry S. Kellogg, administrator of the estate of Lyman M. Kel­ late commerce," approved February 4, 1887, and to enlarge the logg; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Com­ membership of the Interstate Commerce Commission; and . mittee on Military Affairs . .A bill (S. 1043) to protect American producers, manufacturers, l\fr. SPOONER introduced a bill (S. 1065) for the relief of E. D. and shippers from unjust discrimination in transportation charges Coe; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Com­ in favor of foreign producers, manufacturers, and dealers, and to mittee on Post-O:t'fices and Post-Roads. p~ohibit preferences to foreign merchandise over American com­ He also introduced a bill (S. 1066) granting a pension to Ole merce. Steensland; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Mr. CHANDLER introduced the following bills; which were Committee on Pensions. severally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee .1\Ir. PLATT of Connecticut introduced a joint resolution (S. R. on Naval Affairs: · 15) for the relief of William Bond & Co. and others; wl1ich was A bill (S. 1044) concerning retirements and promotions in the read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Claims. Navy; . . · He also introduced a joint resolution (S. R. 16) providing for A bill (S. 1045) for the relief of Lieut. Jerome E. Morse, of the estimate of cost of certam improvements of Bridgeport Har­ United States Navy; and · bor, Connecticut; which was read twice by its title, and referred A bill (S. 1046) providing for the use by the United States of to the Committee on Commerce. · devices invented by its naval officers while engaged in its service AMENDMENTS TO APPROPRIATION BILLS. and eover~d by letters patent. . Mr. CHANDLER introduced the following bills; which were Mr. MITCHELL submitted an amendment intended to be pro­ severally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee posed by him to the general deficiency appropriation bill; which on the Library: was referred to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to A bill (S. 1047) authorizing the purchase of that portion of the be printed. unpublished correspondence and manuscripts of President James Mr. LODGE submitted an amendment intended to be proposed Monroe known as the'' Gouverneur collection;" and by him to the general deficiency appropriation bill; which was A bill (S. 1048) for the erection of a monument to the memory referred to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be of Matthew Fontaine Maury, of Virginia. printed. Mr. CHANDLER introduced a bill (S. 1049) to provide for a Mr. HANSBROUGH submitted an amendment intended to be popular loan through postal savings notes; which was read twice proposed by him to the general deficiency appropriation bill; which by its title, and referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post­ was referred to the Committee on Claims, and ordered to be Roads. printed. He also introduced a bill (S. 1050) referring to the Court of 1\:Ir. BURROWS submitted an amendment intended to be pro­ Claims a certain claim for the use of hook attachments for fire­ posed by him to the general deficiency appropriation bill; which arms; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Com­ was referred to the Committee on Claims, and ordered to be printed. mittee on Claims. He also submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by He also introduced a bill (S. 1051) to amend the various acts him to the general deficiency appropriation bill; which was re­ relative to immigration, and to provide for the exclusion of alien ferred to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be anarchists; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the printed. Committee on Immigration. Mr. GEAR submitted an amendment intended to be proposed Mr. FAIRBANKS introduced the following bills; which were by him to the general deficiency appropriation bill; which was severally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee referr-ed to the Committee on Pacific Railroads, and ordered to be on Pensions: printed. A bill (S. 1052) increasing the pension of James A. Luddington; He also submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by and him to the general deficiency appropriation bill; which was re­ A bill (S. 1053) increasing the pension of William H. Webster. ferred to the Committee on Claims, and ordered to be printed. Mr. FAIRBANKS introduced a bill (S. 1054) to amend section Mr. VEST submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 996, Revised Statutes, as amended by an act approved February 19, him to the general d~ficiency appropriation bill; which was re· 1897, relating to the deposit of moneys in the registry of United ferred to the Committee on Claims, and ordered to be printed. 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--SENATE. 119

Mr. CANNON submitted an amendment intended to be pro- Mr. ALLISON. I understand that the effect of the joint reso- posed by him to the Indian appropriation bill; which was referred lution is to continue the committee until December. to the Committee on Indian Affairs, and ordered to be printed. Mr. PLATT of Connecticut. That is all. DEATH OF DR. RICARDO RUIZ. Mr. ALLISON. I have no objection to it. I think it is a wise thing to do. Mr. ALLEN submitted .the following resolution; which was The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present con- considered by unanimous consent, and agreed to: sideration of the joint resolution? Resolve-d, That the President be requested to send to the Senate, if in his Th b · b' t' th · · t 1 · · opinion it is not incompatible with the public interests, the correspondence ere emg no o JeC Ion, e JOin reso ut10n was considered as between the Government of the United States and the Government of Spain, in Committee of the Whole. and the correspondence between the State Department and Consul-General The joint resolution was reported to the Senate without amend­ Lee,.relative to the arrest, imprisonment, and death of Dr. Ricardo Ruiz in ment, ordered to a third readin~, read the third time, and passed. the jail at Guanabacoa, on the Island of Cuba, and also to inform the Senate ~ whether any steps have been taken by this Government looking to an inves- . EXECUTIVE SESSION. tigation on the part of the United States into the circumstances surrounding such arrest, imprisonment, and death. Mr. FRYE. I move that the Senate proceed to the considera- VICTOR H. M'CORD. tion of executive business. · . The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the following The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the con- message from the President of the United States; which was read, sideration of executive business. After four hours and fifty min­ and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on utes spent in e~ecutive session t]?.e doors were reopened. Foreign Relations, and ordered to be printed: · · COMPENSATION OF SESSION EMPLOYEES. To the Senate of the United States: Mr. ALLISON, from the Committee on Appropriations, towhom I transmit herewith, in response to the Senate's resolution of March 2, 1897, W~ referred the j?i~t resolution (H. Res. 33) making immediately addressed to the Secretary of State, a report of that officer with the corre- available appropriations for the payment of session employees of ~~cl~~foC:. in relation to the c:ase of Victor H. MacCor~ requ~sted by said the House of Representatives during the first session of the Fifty­ WILLI:.6..M' McKINLEY. fifth Congress, reported it without amendment, and asked for its EXECUTIVE MANSION, - present consideration. . Washington, March~~. 1897. By unanimous consent, the Senate, as in Committee of the HOUSE BILLS REFERRED, Whole, proceeded to consider the joint resolution. It makes The following bills and joint resolutions were severally read available from March 15, 1897, until the close of the first session twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee ·on Appropria­ of ~he Fifty-~th Con~e~s ~he approp_ri~tions made in the legis- · lative, executive, and JUdicial approp~·1at10n act for the fiscal yeai· tions: - A bill (H. R. 13) making appropriations to ·supply deficiencies 1898, approved February 19,1897, for compensation of session em­ ployees of the Hom~e of ..Represe:r;ttatives; and provides that persons in the appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1897, and· employed under those appropriations shall be paid from the date for prior years, and for other purposes; A bill (H. R. 14) making appropriations for the Department of of their actual employment, without regard to the date of their Agriculture for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1898; respective oaths of office, and at the rates per diem or per month A bill (H. R. 15). making appropriations for the current and as provided in tha~ act. . . cOntingent expenses of the Indian Department and for fulfilling The joint resolution wa-S reported to the Senate without amend­ tteaty stipulations with various Indian tribes for the fiscal year ment, ordered to a·third reading, I'ead the third time, and passed. ending June 30, 1898, and for other purposes; APPROPRIATIONS FO:S. MILEAGE AND STATIONERY. A bill (H. R. 16) making appropriations for sundry civil expenses Mr. ALLISON, from the Committee on Appropriations, to whom of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1898, and was_ referred thejoin~r~solution (H. Res. 32) makingimmediately for other purposes; available th~ appropriations for mileage and stationery of Senators, A joint resolution (H. Res. 32) making immediately available Represen~ti~es, and Delegates of the House of· Representatives, the appropriations for mileage and stationery of Senators, Repre­ reported It Without amendment, and asked for its present consid­ sentatives, and Delegates of the House of Representatives; and eration. A joint resolution (H. Res. 33) making immediately available ap­ By unanip1ous consent, the Senate, as in Committee of the propriations for the payment of certain employees of the House of Whole, proceeded to consider the joint resolution. It provides Representatives during the first session of the Fifty-fifth Congress. that the appropriations for mileage and stationery of Senators ALCOHOL IN THE ARTS. Members of the House of Representatives, and Delegates from th~ Territories, made in the legjslative, executive, and judicial ap­ The joillt resolution (H. Res. 25) amending a joint resolution con­ propriation act for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1898, approved tinuing in force section 2 of the act approved June 3, 1896, en­ Fe?ruary 19, 1897, shall be made immediately available, and be titled "An act to repeal section 61 of 'An act to reduce taxation, paid to Senators, Members of the House of Representatives,· and to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes,'" Delegates from the Territories for attendance at the first session which became a law August 28, 1894, was read the first time by of the Fifty-fifth Congress. · _ its title. Mr. PLATT of Connecticut. I wish to make a statement with The joint resolution was reported to the Senate without amend­ regard tothe joint resolution and then askthatitmaybe put upon ment, ord~red to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. its passage without reference to a committee. 'l'he Finance Com­ On motiOn of Mr. DAVIS, the Senate (at 5 o'clock and 30 min­ mittee has been consulted informally with respect to it. utes p.m.) adjourned until to-morrow, Tue'sday, March 23 1897 A joint select committee was appointed at the first session of at 12 o'clock meridian. ' ' the last Congress to consider the question of free alcohol or alco­ hol free of tax to be used in manufactures and in the arts. That NOMINATIONS. committee investigated the subject as much as it was possible to Executive nominations received by the Senate Ma1·ch 22, 1897. do in the recess of Congress, and made a report at the opening of the December term, and asked for an extension of its powers. FOURTH ASSISTANT POSTMASTER-GENERAL. The joint resolution proposed to be amended is one which was Joseph L. Bristow, of Kansas, to be Fourth Assistant Postma.Ster­ passed in January, extending the time for the committee to make General, vice Robert A. Maxwell, resigned. a report until ten days after the first session of the present Con­ COMMISSIONER OF THE GENERAL LA ~D OFFICE. gress. The only change in the joint resolution is to amend it so that the committee shall have until the next December session to Binger Hermann, of Oregon, to be Commissioner of the General conclude its labors. This joint resolution was passed by the Land Office, vice Silas W. Lamoreux, resigned. . House, and I ask that it may be put upon its passage now. AUDITOR FOR STATE AND OTHER DEPARTMENTS. Mr. ALLISON. I should be glad to hear the joint resolution Ernst G. Timme, of Wisconsin, to be Auditor for the State and read. other Departments, vice Thomas Holcomb, resigned. The joint resolution was read the second time at length, as fol­ UNITED STATES ATTORNEYS. lows: Boyd B. Jones, of Massachusetts, to be attorney of the. United Resolved, etc., That a joint resolution approved January 8,1897, continuing in force section 2 of the act approved June 3, 1896, entitled "An act to repeal States for the district of Massachusetts, vice Sherman Hoar re- section 61 of 'An act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Govern­ signed. ' ment, and for other pur-poses,"' which became a law August 28, 1894, be James D. Elliott, of South Dakota, to be attorney of the United amended so that it shall read as follows: "That the provisions of section 2 of the act approved June 3, 1896, entitled States for the district of South Dakota, vice Ezra W. Miller whose 'An act to repeal section 61 of ·'An act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue term will expire April2, 1897. ' for the Government, and for other purposes,"' which became a law August 28 1894, be, and they are hereby, continued in force, and the joint seleatcom­ REAR-ADMIRAL IN NAVY. mlttee1 heretofore appointed under said section shall, when they have reached Commodore Joseph N. Miller, to be a rear-admiral in the Navy, a final conclusion. report the same to Congress not later than ten days after the beginning of its next December session, t-ogether with such information from the 2~st day of March, 1897, vice Rear-Admiral John G. as they shall have obtained." Walker, retired. 120 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 22,

CONFIRMATIONS. my remarks within the hour allotted fi9 me, but it is possible that Executive nomination confirmed by the Senate March 19, 1897. in considering some of the details I may run over for a few min­ utes, _and in order that I may not be interrupted-although I FffiST ASSISTANT POSTMASTER-GENERAL. promise the House not to take much more than an hour, if any Perry S. Heath, of Indiana, to be First Assistant Postmaster­ more-l ask unanimous consent that I may proceed withoutlimit. Genera.!. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Maine asks unanimous Executive n01ninations confirmed by the Senate Ma1·ch 22, 1897. consent that he may proceed without limit. Is there objection? ENVOY EXTRAORDINARY AND MINISTER PLENIPOTENTIARY. There was no objection. Mr. DINGLEY. Mr. Chairman, Congress has been convened Powell Clayton, of Arkansas, to be envoy extraordinary and in extraordinary session by the President for the purpose of pro­ minister plenipotentiary of the United States to Mexico. viding adequate revenue for carrying on the Government. The ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. exigency which has brought us heTe is so clearly stated in the Joseph H. Brigham, of Ohio, to be Assistant Secretary of Agri­ message of the President, and is so fully recited in the report of culture. the Committee on Ways and Means submitting the pending re­ CONSULS-GEl ER.A.L, vision of the taTi:ff for the consideration of the House, that I need . William M. Osborne, of Massachusetts, to be consul-general of not detain you repeating the story so completely within your own the United States at London. knowledge. The salient facts are these: John K. Gowdy, of Indiana, to be consul-general of the United 1. In the four fiscal years commencing July 1, 1893, and clos­ States at Paris. ing on the 30th of June next the revenue of the Government has PROMOTION IN THE ARMY. been insufficient to meet the expenditures to the extent of more than S200,000,000, or an average of $50,000,000 per annum. Maj. Henry Harrison Chase Dunwoody, Signal Corps, to be lieutenant-colonel, Signal Corps. APPOINTMENT ON MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. Henry L. Marindin, an assistant in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, as a member of the Commission provided for in the act of Congress approved June 28, 1879, entitled "An act to pro- Total deficiency----···-·-··········-···· .....•..•• -·-·-·------203,811, 'i29 vide for the appointment of a Mississippi River Commission for 2. The late Secretary of the Treasury, in his last annual report, the improvement of said liver from the Head of the Passes, near estimates that under existing conditions this deficiency will con· its mouth, to its head waters." tinue, and will reach $45,000,000 more the next fiscal year. THE PROMOTIONS IN NAVY. 1 3. ·This deficiency of $200,000,000 up to the cl.ose of the present Commander Charles v. Gridley, to be a captain. fiscal year. has been met by borro~;ng; tha~ IB, of the two hun- P. A. Engineer Edward R. Freeman, to be a chief engineer. dred and nmety-th:ree and a half milli_onsr~a~IZed from the s!Lle of Asst. Engineer Urban T. Holmes to be a passed assistant en- two hundr~d and siXty-two and on!3-~hird milhon bonds sold, m the gineer. ' last analysu~ over ~wo hundred.millions has been used to pay cur· . Ensign George F. Cooper, to be a lieutenant (junior grade). rent e~end1~ur~s m e~cess of revenue. Ensign Edward T. Withei·spoon to be a lieutenant (junior 4. This chrome defiCie~cy of revenue. and the use

:Minnesota flax are exhibited which seem to give assurance of a new have free admission to them, at least on some day, for the cultiva­ development in this direction. tion of .::esthetic tastes, it is entirely appropriate that they should DUTIES IN OTHER SCHEDULES. be admitted free; but we believe that such admissions should stop For the most part otherwise the increase of 1duties in the pend­ here and should not extend further. ing· bill to the figures of the tariff of 1890 have been in the sched­ We have also modified the provision relating to the admission ules or paragraphs covering luxuries like tobacco, liquors, silks, of clothing, wearing apparel, and personal effects of tourists. I laces, etc., which, being articles of voluntary consumption, are need not recount to gentlemen her-e the serious abuses that have always regarded as objects which will bear the highest duties. grown up in respect to these matters under the present law. The exceptions are the earthenware and glass schedule and the We believe that by the limitation here proposed we shall cover agricultural schedule, on which the duties have been placed the all that should be legitimately included as articles of apparel same as in the act of 1890, because no other rates seemed to be and necessary for immediate personal use, instead of admit­ protectiVe. ting, as has been done under the existing provision, thousands and The iron and steel schedule, except as to some advanced prod­ thousands of dollars' worth of wearing apparel and other articles ucts, has not been changed from the present law, because this of personal admnment or for the adornment of the residences of schedule seemed to be one of the two of the present law which are individuals. Under one of these paragraphs, horses and carriages differentiated from most of the others and made in the main pro­ of large value have come in as the simple, personal effects of gen­ tective. Thus, iron ore, pig iron, steel rails, structural iron, and tlemen return1ng to this country from tours abroad. most other forms of common iron and steel remain in the pending I am aware, Mr. Chairman, that there will be more or less criti­ bill as fixed in the tariff of 1894. The duty on tin plate, the man­ cism of this attempt to cut off abuses; but I am sure that the good ufacture of which was so successfully established under the tariff sense of the House and of the country will sustain the committee of 1890 by the duty of 2-} cents, has been increased from the 1! in whatever is necessary to curtail the abuses which have arisen cents duty of the present law to 1t.cents, which it is believed will under these several provisions, and to secure appropriate revenue,. prove as protective as the higher rate of 1890, now that the indus:­ while at the same time doing full justice to everything that is of try has been so successfully established.. ·- , public advantage. - _- · The same is true of the cotton schedule, which ha~ been left as Let me call your attention to the fact that under the provision it was placed in the act of 1894 for the mo!lt part, with some allowing the free importation of antiquities and souvenirs" an­ needed advances on fine goods. _ tiquity" and'"'souvenir "establishments have been setup in various In all the other schedules tho rates proposed in the pending bill partE! of Europe, l?anufacturi~g furniture in antique form, draper­ are between the rates of the tariff of 1890 and the present law. Ies, and other articles of: that kind, and these have been admitted in large quantities free of duty, while other people were paying duty TRANSFERS FROM li'REE LIST TO DUTIABLE. upon the articles that they chose to import. It is time that some There have been transferred from the free list of the tariff of of these abuses should be cut off. The original intention was all 1894 to t.he dutiable list of the proposed bill not only wool, lum­ right; but in matters of revenue it is found that when the camel's ber, salt, burlaps, bags, cotton bagging, and cotton ties, which nose gets into the tent for an appropriate purpose the body sooner should never have been made nondutiable, but also argols, crude or later follows and takes possession of the tent. opium, asphaltum, chicle, paintings, and statuary, exce_pt-wben M.r. Chairman, I do not propose at this time to discuss the imported for free exhibition by an established gallery or institu­ ·details of the pending bill, because those can be attended to bet­ tion; straw ornaments,_ etc., which under existing conditions ter in the five-minute debate. I desire to call attention to two or ought to contribute something toward the much-needed additional three things connected with the preparation of the bill. revenue. SPECIFIC DUTIES. PAINTINGS AND ST.A.TU.ARY. Perhaps one of the most important policies which has been Inasmuch as there has been some criticism of the action of the adopted in the preparation of this bill has been the attempt to do committee in transferring paintings and statuary from the free away, so far as possible, with exclusively ad valorem duties and list, where they were placed in 1894, to the dutiable list, except to adopt specific duties; or when that was impracticable, to adopt where such articles are imported for an established art gallery compound rates in which the specific element should prevail. We which has free days for the public, it is proper that the reasons have done this to a very large extent in this bill; and we have should be presented for this transfer, for when these reasons are done it not only by the advice of the administrators of the law, carefully considered the critics will, for the most part, see that the but at the urgent reque~t of the best class of importers, who change is JJ.ecessary to cut off abuses. affirm that they are unable to import goods in competition with a The subject was brought to the attention of the committee by certain class of men who have become professional adepts in the president of the Board of General Appraisers at New York, undervaluation. Therefore, in the silk schedule we have adopted, who pointed out that under the " free art" provision, so called, ~or th~ first time as to piece goods, a specific form of duty which about 84,000,000 in value of these articles had been imported free IS eqmvalent to the ad valorem of the law of 1890. In making of duty, and that not 10 per cent of them had gone into any art these duties specific we have the approval of some of the most gallery or anywhere else that the public could reach them. Gen­ reputable importers in the land. _ erally they had gone into private houses. It will be rem-embered by many gentlemen that both ex-Secre­ The committee could see no reason why a millionaire should be tary Manning and ex-Secretary Fairchild, in elaborate reports, able to import free of duty hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth urged upon Congress the adoption especially of specific duties on of paintings and statuary for the decoration of his own house, not silk goods and upon other goods so far as possible. for the cultivation of the general public taste, while every humble It is surprising, Mr. Chairman, that this country should have citizen of this country is contributing his_part toward the expenses been so backward in this direction. Every country in Europe, of the Government. Therefore, while still allowing the free im­ outside of Turkey, I believe, has an excluslvely specific tariff, portation of art articles, paintings, statuary, etc., for museums or while we in the existing law have duties that are almost exclu­ galleries or other institutions where the public may reach. them, sively ad valorem, outside of two schedules. we have so modified this paragraph as to make other importations It is impossible, from the nature of the case, in a large proportion dutiable. So far as articles of this class are, when iniported, used of goods of varying value, whose market price is not clearly de­ in such a way that the public may reap the fruits of them, your fined, to prevent wholesale undervaluation where duties are ex­ committee are perfectly willing that they should be admitted free; clusively ad valorem, and therefore the revenue not only suffers but they do not think that in the present exigency of our Treasury from the fact that the duty actually collected is so much less such articles should be kept upon the free list when they cease to be than that which is intended, but the people of the country who public educators of the ::esthetic tastes of the masses of the people. manufacture similar goods are also injured by a failure to obtain Furthermore, it is reported by the administrators of the law the protection which the law, on its face, holds out to them. that there have been abuses of an extensive character. It is the In many cases, where exclusively ad valorem duties are imprac­ testimony of the appraisers of the custom-house that under this ticable because of the varied character of goods, compound duties innocent provision, conceived for an excellent purpose, appropri­ have been devised which so minimize the ad valorem feature as to ate within its legitimate sphere, there have been imported, under take away a large part of the inducement to undervalue. the guise of paintings, fans worth from five hundred to a thou­ .A.D VALOREM COMP.A.RISO~S OF TARIFFS. sand dollars, with painted designs upon them. These have been While it is difficult to compare the rates of a tariff almost en­ admitted free on the ground that they were paintings for the pur­ tirely ad valorem, like the act of 1894, with a bill whose rates are pose of cultivating the ::esthetic tastes of the people of the country! so largely specific as the pending measure, yet the fact that verv Now, your committee believe that in the present condition of the few duties in this bill are higher than those of the act of 1890 and Treasury, all articles which are simply for personal adornment, nearly all outside of the few schedules referred to are lower, and for personal use, for furnishing thehousesof individual citizens­ that two important schedules are for the most part the same as whether these articles be called paintings, statuary or what not­ the duties of thepresentlaw, clearlyshowthat the actual average should pay the same duty as similar articles under other condi­ rates of the proposed bill are lower than those of the tariff of tiOJ?-S, but that where. these articles are to be placed in an insti­ 1890 and some higher than those of the present tariff, notwithstand­ tution or art gallery, m order that the people of the country may ing the average per cent ad valorem duty under the pending bill 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 123 on the present reduced prices will appear to be higher than the laces had borne the same duty as in the proposed bill, would have present law and a little higher than that of the act of 1890. t·eached at least47percent. The average duty under the proposed Per cent averages are always misleading '!hen estimated. on law, with the higher duties on sugars and luxuries, is estimated different bases. Thus a duty of 50 per cent Imposed on an Im­ by the experts at 57 per cent. ported al"ticle valued at 60 cents abroad and 90 centd here, making Deduct sugar alone from the pending bill, and the average ad 30 cents the difference of cost of production, becomes a duty of 60 valorem would be 54 per cent. Deduct sugar and tobacco alone per cent when the foreign and domestic costs are each reduced 10 from the pending bill, and the average would be 50! per cent. cents, but the duty is still30 cents. . . Deduct sugar, toba-cco, and spirits from the pending bill, and the Again, differen~ speci!ic or compo~nd du~ies ~pos~d by lines average duty would be 49.85 per cent. Deduct sugar, spirits, of value always g1ve a riCh opportumty for Juggling Wlth the per­ tobacco, and wool, leaving wool upon the free list, as in the pres­ centages. For example, if a duty of 50 cents is imposed on. an ent law, and the average ad valorem would be only 41 per cent. article valued at between $1 and $2, and 75 cents on the same kind THE RECIPROCITY PROVISION. of article valued above $2, and so on for higher lines, then the un­ The report of the Committee on Ways and Means has set forth candid percentage manipulator, shutting his eyes to ~he fact that the fact that the pending bill has not only restored the provisions the importer will adapt his goods so as to fall but slightly below of the tariff of 1890 as to reciprocity under which our trade was the lines erected, proceeds to declare that a duty of over 70 per so successfully enlarged, but has extended that policy. As the cent has been placed on an article valued at $1.05, when, as a mat­ gentleman from illinois [Mr. HOPKINS], who has specially devoted ter of fact, goods anywhere near _81 ~come in un~er the 50-cent his attention to this subject, will hereafter explain in detail what duty, a:p.d goods paying 75 cents duty will "I?e those valued at- about is proposed, I will leave that interesting subject to him. $2, so that in point of fact the actua~ duty 1s less than 40 _per cent. PROBABLE REVENUE. It is because of these facts that 1t has been found difficult to The inquiry naturally arises a-s to what will be the probable so compare rates under two tariffs so differe~t in character by annual revenue derived from the proposed tariff revision in case it equivalent ad valorems as to make the comparison acceptable or should become law. The only solid basis from which we can draw satisfactory. This difficulty is increased by the fact. that J?er­ inferences is that supplied by the estimate of Mr. Evans, the statis­ centage estimates are made on the undervalued foreign prices tidan, who has prepared the comparative statem·ent', which shows under the :present law. . . . _ that on the basis of the importations of the fiscal year 1896 the pend­ It is the belief of your committee, Mr. Charrman,.. that m this ing bill enacted into law would yield an increase of revenue of one direction, if in no other, there will be an unexampled increase about $113,000,000, the details of whi-ch are given in the report of of revenue through the adoption of this system of specific duties; the Committee on Ways and Means. The committee estimate, that there will be less friction at the custom-houses; and that there after making liberal reductio:p.s, that for the first year, in case the will cease to be the g1·ave injustice between the honest and dis­ bill should become a law by May 1, the additional revenue would honest importer which now exists, and that it will carry with it reach $75,000,000, and that for every week thereafter in case its protection to the industries of this country far beyond that to be passage should be defeiTed there would have to be a deduction of obtained under any ad valorem system. from one to two million dollars for wool, sugar, and other articles I desire to say a few words now with reference to the compari­ imported on-speculation to avoid the increased duties. For the son of the proposed bill with the prevailing law and with tariff second yearitisbelieved the proposed bill would yield $100,000,000 systems that have heretofore been adopted. of increased revenue. Mr. LINNEY. Before the gentleman proceeds from the point It must be obvious from any point of view that proclpt action he is just discussing, will he permit me to ask him a question? by the two Houses of Congress is indispensable to secure the Mr. DINGLEY. I will yield for a question bearing on the point revenue which the pending bill is intended to yield. The exigency I am discussing. is an unusual one. The people, without regard to party affilia­ Mr. LINNEY. I see on page 19, ScheduleD, section 95 of the tions, are asking for a-ction. Business awaits our final decision. printed bill, the following proviso is appended: With this great question of adequate revenue to carry on the Provided, That in case any for eign c.ountry or dependency shall, either di­ Government settled favorably by such an adjustment of duties as rectly or indirectly, impose upon pine, .spruce, elm, 01" ~ther saw logs, or ro~d will unmanufactured timber, pulp wood, stave bolts, shmgle bolts, or heading restore to our own people what has been suiTendered to others bolts, an export duty discriminating crown due~, ground r ents, customs during the past four years, with restored confidence in the future, regulations, or other duty or tax, when s~ch articles, or any of them, are there is reason to believe that gradually and surely there will exported or intended for export to the Umted States from such country or come back to us the great prosperity which we enjoyed in the dependency, then a duty of 25 p er

The assertions by those who profit by prohibitory tariff that the the world. We also produce 80 per cent of the raw cotton of the McKinley bill would be restored was denounced by our last na­ entire world. In short, we are now producing nearly one-half of tional convention in the following words: the staple products of the earth. We have but 4 per cent of the We denounce as disturbing to busiD,ess the Republican threat to restore population, and it will be impossible for us to continue a great. the McKinley law, which has twice been condemned by the people in natio~al progress and development unless we can open the markets of the elections. and which, enacted under the false plea of protection to home m­ dustry, proved a prolific breeder of trusts and monopolies, and enriched the world to become the purchasers of the pToducts of American toil. few at the expense of the many, restricted trade, a.nd deprived the producers [Applause on the Democratic side.] of the great American staples of access to their natural markets. In order to place this matter clearly before the members of this Mr. Chairman, a land with a few princely edifices in which House, I have prepared tables showing the amount produced by millionaires reside may impress with its splendor those who do all nations of the earth of these staple products, and I submit, not see the miserable hovels where vast populations are striving M1·. Chairman, that the problem before the American people should to eke out an existence; but a land covered with neat, cheerful be to devise such legislation as will induce foreign nations to pur­ homes is a happy land, and such can exist only where the laws chase these products. are equal and just and therefore democratic. [Applause.] Table showing the p1'0ducts of the United States, and also the products of the AMERICAN PROGRESS IS IN SPITE OF PROTECTIVE T.ARIFF. rest of the world, and the per cent of the p1·oduction of the United States oj the eight leading staples. The statement, Mr. Chairman, that the progress of the last thirly years has been due to the protective system is entirely without foundation. It is the inventive genius and enterprise and en­ United States. Ba~~fc1 of Per ceut. ergy of the people of America that have brought about this great change, this vast addition to the. prosperity of the land. It has Iron ore ______------tons __ 15,957,614 4.3, 026, 760 27.05 been accomplished in spite of the burdens imposed by the protec­ Coal and lignite ______------do __ _ 172,420,366 001, o:n, 527 29.75 Pig ii·on .... ------... do ... 9,446,308 19,421,007 32.7Z tive system. Steel _____ --- _----- _----- __ -·---_.do. __ 6, 114,&'W: 10,115,725 37.69 It was because Whitney invented the cotton gin and because the Wool .... ------______lbs._ 309, 748, 000 2, 272, 355, (XX) 12 people of the South applied their talent and energy to opening and Wheat------·------bush .. 467' 103, 000 2,085,574.000 18 putting into cultivation the alluvial lands of that rich country that Corn ______----.------..do __ _ 2, 151,139, (XX) 432, 332, 065 87 the great American staple was raised so abundantly and with such Cotton. __ ------__ -----_.-·--bales .. . 9,001,251 2,CXXJ,OOO 80 little cost as to clothe the entire world. It was this that made Average------·--- 40 us the cotton-producing country of the world, not a tariff protec­ tion bill enacted by the Republican Congress. I repeat that not one whit of benefit or aid in that direction came from any protec­ I state that outside of the United States 2,000,000 bales of cotton tive system. was produced. This is a liberal estimate of the cotton which Up to 1846 we taxed raw cotton; and in reading the speeches in finds its way to the world's markets. In 1895 Europe imported this Hall you will find that those who insisted on the continuance 1,708.4.20 bales from countries other than the United States, and of that tax maintained that if cotton were made n·ee, the price in 1896 the United States exported to Europe 6,120,000 bales, thus would fall and we should be over:flooded with cotton from every f-urnishing 82 per cent of Europe's supply. land. But the wisdom of our people viewed the matter in a dif­ The total amount of cotton grown in the world at the latest ferent light, and the policy of the Democratic party triumphed. dates is as follows: Cotton was made free, and from that moment the price of cotton rose and rose continually until1861. Table giving world's cotton p1·oduction (in 5~ound bales). Between 1846 and 1860 the cotton crops of the United States more than tripled; the crop of 1846 being 1,778,651 bales weighing Countries. Bales. Countries. Bales. 431 pounds each, and the crop of 1859 and 1860 being 4,861,292 bales weighing 460 pounds each, and the price rose fi·om 8 to 13 United States ______cents, and during that period our exports of raw cotton increased 9,901,251 Mexico ______------50, CXXJ India------2,300,400 Peru------to, 000 from 1,241,200 bales to 3,774,173 bales. China and Korea------1, 280, (XX) Turkey and Greece______16,000 Steel has become abundant and cheap enough to be used for Egypt------­ 620,00} Java:______5,2(X) 231,000 thousands of new processes, not because of any tariff bill, but Brazil------·--­ TotaL______14, !!69,529 because of the invention of new methods by which it is made Japan.------219,678 directly from molten ii·on into the best of steel-either steel rails for railroads or any other form desired. It is not due to tariff leg­ This shows that, even including the cotton grown in foreign islation that the wonderful electrical forces were applied to me­ countries which does not leave the locality where it is produced, chanical devices to exercise great power in material developments, the United States produces 66 per cent, or two-thirds, of the cotton or to give us its brilliant light. This was due to the inventive of the world. power of Edison and others whose genius has done so much for This shows that we produce more than one-third of the steel of the comfort and happiness of mankind. Yes, Mr. Chairman, it the world and alii:wst one-third of the iron ore, coal, and pig iron. was Edison and not a protective tariff bill that developed tlris great It also shows tha.t we produce nearly nine-tenths of the corn and force which has been so well applied to aid the great progress of nearly eight-tenths of the cotton, 18 per cent of the wheat, and 12 per civilization. I -challenge any man to show one element of prog­ cent of the wool of the entire world. On the average, it shows ress, one element of wealth, that has been aided or brought about that we produce more than 40 per cent-almost one-half-of the by the protective system-that has not rather grown up in spite staple products of the earth, and I repeat that as we have less than of that system. The advocates of a protective tariff-in many 4 per cent of the population. it is evident that we can not continue cases a prohibitory tariff-appear to be entirely ignorant of the our progress unless the markets of the world are open to purchase great change which our count1·y has experienced within the last the products of the toil in our fa-ctories and on our farms. fifty years, a change which has made all the arguments in favor We now make ten times as much pig iron every year as the of a protective tariff utterly impracticable and inapplicable. whole world made when these speeches were being made in that The advocates of a protective, and in many cases a prohibitory, Congress. [Applause on the Democratic side.] How can we tariff appear to be entirely ignorant of the great change which progress, producing as we do nearly one-half of the staple product our country has experienced in the last fifty years-a change which of the earth, the steel, the iron, the corn, the cotton, unless we has made all the old arguments in favor of a protective tariff open the markets of the world to the products of the American entirely inapplicable. soil? (Applause on the Democratic side.] WE PRODUCE NEARLY ONE-HALF T1IE STAPLES OF THE WORLD. I recollect, sir, when the McKinley bill was being enacted by the When Henry G'1.ay and Daniel Webster were making their Committee on Ways and Means of this House, the Republican speeches in favor of a protective tariff, the United States was not members of that committee, in answer to this argument, saying a manufacturing country. We. make now as much steel every that the iron markets were a myth, a shadow-dance-that there day as at that time the entire country made in t-en years. We was no such thing; and they 1·eiterated what was said to-day by now make ten times as much pig iron every year as the whole the distinguished chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, world made at the time these speeches were being uttered in Con­ when he said this bill was to enlarge the markets of America gress. We have, in fact, risen to be the producing nation of the and increase the purchasing powers of the people of our country. earth. But he is too intelligent a man not to know that the effect of the To-day we are producing nearly 40 per cent, nearly one-half, of McKinley bill was to close more factories than have. ever been the steel produced in the whole world. We also produce 33 per closed for the same period in the whole history of our country. cent, or one-third, of the pig iron produced by the. whole world. In order to place this matter clearly before the members of the We also produce nearly one-thh-d of the coal and between one­ House and the country, I have prepared and will publish a series quarter and one-third of the iron ore of the world. We produce of tables showing the amount of staple products produced by all 18 per cent of the wheat and 87 per cent of the corn produced by of the nations of the earth, and I submit, sir, that the problem 126 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARcH 22, before the American people is to devise legislation to induce for­ The people of this free Republic have a right to purchase what eign nations to purchase them from us. they require in the cheapest market and to sell their products in And now let me stop one moment to call attention to the great the highest market, and any legislation which prevents this or tends progress of our country. In 1790 we produced but 30,000 tons of to prevent it is vicious and un-American. steel, a mere fraction of what was produced by the rest of the When_we pass laws to prohibit the products of other countries world. Now we far exceed England or any other nation of being brought to us, we make it impossible for American products Europe in the production of steel. to be sent abroad to foreign countries. Even if foreign countries We now produce almost twice as much steel as either England were willing to send empty ships to our colmtry to carry our or Germany, nine times a.s much as France, Austria, and Hungary, products to their shores, it is evident that these ships, having but and from ten to twenty times as much as is produced by other one cargo, would be compelled to charge freight rates so far in steel-making nations of the world, and we hear Republicans cry excess of the rates charged in countries where they have reciprocal out, ''We must have protection laws to defend ourselves from the trade that t]Jat alone would put our producers to a very serious products of other nations." disadvan tage. ALABAMA'S GREAT PROGRESS. WILSON BILL G.A. VE GREATER PROSPERITY THAN .M'KINLEY BILL. Why, Mr. Chairman, the little State of Alabama to-day pro­ In answer to the unwarranted statement that manufacturing duces almost as much pig iron as Russia or France. She produces industries have suffered by the enactment of the Wilson bill, I will as much·as Austria and Hungary. It produces more iron than read a table showing the statistics upon this question. It is as Belgium. Alabama produces now twice as much as is produced follows: · by Sweden and Norway combined, and five times as much as Spain, and ten times as much as the combined total of Canada, 1893. 1894. 1895. Mexico, Africa, Australia, Japan, India, Greece, and Italy. [Ap­ plause on the Democratic side.] Production of iron ore ______tons __ 11,587,629 11,879,679 15, 957, 614: That is a production, too, that was never accelerated one par­ 7,12!,502 6,657,388 9,446,~ r;~~f~~~~;~itl~~~~:::::::::num~~r:: 137 185 242 ticle by a protective system. The Alabama mines find theil· mar­ $30,159, 363 943,729 062, 838 ExportsConsumption of iron of and iron steeL-······---·-·---- ore ______$29, $35, kets by the very doors of the iron furnaces of England, and the $13$5480, 000 $12, 235, 000 $17,253,000 last seven monthsthecityof Birmingham hasshipped 110,000tons Imports of iron ore ______---···-··-----·-- 26,951 $168,541 $5.U,153 of pig iron to-England and other European countries. [Applause . on the Democratic side.l Ah, our opponents say they are shipping their surplus! But I tell you they are selling at a great profit, and This shows that our productions of iron ore are 40 per cent they would have shipped three times the amount if they could have greater than they were under the McKinley bill. The production got shipping to carry it there. [Applause.] of pig iron is 25 per cent greater. The iron furnaces in blast are When I wrote to the furnaces and told them that a tariff bill 25 per cent greater. Our exports of iron and steel have increased was to be considered, and asked what they wanted in the way of 20 per cent under the Wilson bill, and our consumption of iron a tariff, they said, ''Tell the committee to make pig iron free." ore has increased 45 per cent. In answer to the charge that the reduction in tariff on iron ore [Applause on the Democratic side.] from 75 to 40 cents per ton would cause large importations, I will Mr. GROSVENOR. Will the gentleman allow me an inter­ call attention to the fact that the imports of iron ore in 1895, un­ ruption? der the Wilson bill, were less than the exports. Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. I can not deny my friend from The latest Monthly Summary of Finance and Commerce, by the Ohio. Bureau of Statistics, page 1008, gives the following as the total Mr. GROSVENOR. Will you publish in your remarks the let­ values of exports and imports of merchandise: ter from some iron manufacturer in your State who has made that request? Excess ex-. Excess im· Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. I will do so, and I will tell you Year. Exports. Imports. /sorts for ports for now the name of one of these writers is Mr. Maben, of the city of seal year. fiscal year. New York, who wrote to me and stated that Alabama iron inter­ ests would not suffer if pig iron was put on the free list, and that 1893 •••••• --·-·· ·····----- $847,665,194: $866, 400, 922 $18, 735, 728 gentleman has his fortune in the furnaces in Alabama. [Applause 1894: ------·------······· 892, 140, 572 654:, 994, 622 -~7~i4.~~950- ...... 1895 -····-···--·--·-···--- 807,538,165 731,969,965 75,568,200 on the Democratic side.] Why is it? Because we make pig iron 882, 606, 938 779, 724, 614, 102,882,264: ------...... 1896- ---·· -····· ------··- ---~·------there at one-half of what you make it in Pennsylvania. [Derisive 1897 * ---···· ------·-··-- 73!, 950, 525 422,471,885 312, 478, 640 ------·- laughter on the Republican side.] The exact cost of pig iron, given by the furnaces in 1895, was $5.27 per ton. In 1891 the same *Eight months. iron cost 810.70. Here is a statement showing every ingredient Under the McKinley bill the exports of iron and steel were as entering into this product, and giving the actual cost as I have follows: stated. All we want is to have the markets of the world opened 1891 ------···· ------···· -· •• --···· ------·-··· ----·· $30,736,507 to the products of our toil, so that we may compete with the whole 1892 ---···-. ------· ------···------27,900,862 world, with the labor of any country, and supply the world with 1893 ------·-·------.------·· ·------· ----··. ----- 00, 159,363 what they want, either in cotton gooas, or iron, or any other prod­ 1894 --•••• -----· -·------.----- 29,943,729 uct of America. We then enacted the Wilson bill, reducing tariff rates, and our Alabama produces as much iron as the whole world produced exports of iron and steel commenced to increase, and during 1895, when our very old men were boys. the first year under the Wilson bill, they were $35,062,838, a larger Alabama produces more cotton than was produced by the whole export than was enjoyed by the United States during the existence world a hundred years ago. fApplause on Democratic side.] of the McKinley bill. The iron furnaces at Sheffield, in the district which I have the These figures show that, contrary to the predictions and asser­ honor to represent, are exceptionally well situated for economical tions of the high-tariff Republicans, the production of the great manufacture. They are adjacent to the limerock, coal, and iron staples under the Wilson bill have far exceeded what they were ot:e of very superior quality, and, a.s they are upon the banks of under the McKinley bill. It also shows that, contrary to the pre­ the Tennessee River, they ship by water to Cincinnati, Pittsburg, dictions of the high-tariff Republicans, the importations have not St. Louis, and New Orleans. They sell their pig iron to the Pitts­ largely increased, and, more important than all, it shows that, burg iron men cheaper than the same article can be made in that contrary to the warnings of the high-tariff Republicans, the city. I have repeated the statement of Alabama iron men that exports of iron and steel were much larger under the Wilson bill they can prosper without protective tariff in order to illustrate than they were under the McKinley bill. the great advantages which they enjoy, but I beg to assure my friends from Pennsylvania and other Northern States that they WILSO BILL .ADDS TO THE COUNTRY'S WEALTH. realize the present tariff is necessary to the production of pig iron The reports from the Treasury Department also show that in in theNorth, and they do not propose to insist upon any change in 1893, under the McKinley bill, we imported 818,735,728 more than the tariff upon that article~ but they are unanimous against an we exported, showing that under that law the United States be­ increase of the duty on pig iron to the McKinley rate or to any came poorer by that amount. It also shows that in 1895, under the increase above the rate fixed bv the Wilson bill. Wilson bill, our exports exceeded our imports by over$75,000,000; We realize that we are here-to legislate for the entir~ cmmtry, in 1896 by over $100,000,000, and during the last eight months our and the people of the South have never advocated any legislation exports have exceeded our imports more than S312,000,000. which would destroy or in any way injure the prosperity of any This shows that during a period of less than two years under portion of our land, but, Mr. Chairman, we do feeJ that the Repub­ the Wilson bill we have enriched the· country simply from the ex­ lican members of the committee might have l~ft the tariff low cess of exports over imports to an amount far exceeding $400,000,000. upon bagging and iron ties for cotton, as provided under the exist­ To show that the Republicans were wrong in their statement ing laws. that importations would increase under the Wilson bill, I give the 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 127 following statisticsofimportsundertJ:efirstyearoftheMcKinley Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. The stock of that great com- bill, in 1891, and the last year of the Wilson bill, in 1896: pany-- Importations. Mr. GROSVENOR. Is worth about 30 cents. Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. It is worth about 30 cents-! think 28 cents; but there is $10",000,000 of stock. 1891.* 1896. Mr. McMILLIN. And they are shipping iron to Great Britain. ¥r·. WHEELER of Alabama. They are shipping iron to Great Silk--··-----·-·----_-···-_,_··-_--·------$37,880,143 $26,652 768 Britam, and the value of the stock far exceeds the original cost of Iron and steel manufacturing--··------53,544,372 25,338; 103 the plant. Glassware --·-·- ____ --··-· ---·------·-- _-·--- --·--· 8, 364,362 7, 435, 79"2 Now, then, the gentleman from Ohio got frightened when I commenced to talk about labor, and tried to turn me off in an- * First nine months under the McKinley bill. other line Gf argument. [Laughter. J · . This shows that under the McKinley bill our imports of silk, . In an ~ffort to show that labor in Engi.a:nd is paid much less th~ rron and steel manufactures, and glassware have far exceeded the I m America, t~ble!' have been prepared m which ti?-e wages paid imports under the Wilson bill, thus proving that in every attitude to boys and grrls ~n Engla~d have been compared ~th wages paid of the case the country has prospered under the Wilson bill far to skilled adults m America. !7he amount _received by persons more happily than it did under the McKinley bill. who ~mly wo_rk tb_ree days d~rmg the w~ek m England has been It shows that the Wilson bill added wealth to our land, and was put Sid~ by_side Wl~h those paid to American workmen who work in favor of Democratic principles, in favor of civilization, in favor the entire SIX days m the week. of reason and justice and honesty and constitutional enactments. suPERIORITY oF AMERICAN LABOR MAKES IT THE cHAEPEST rn THE IApplause on the Democratic side.] But to-day it is better still. woRLD . .L have here the latest figures, dates up to yesterday. I can not Mr. Blaine appears to have appreciated the difficulties to which read the figures, but the excess is very gratifying. Yet the Repub- I. have refe~red in obtaining accurate information about compara­ licans say to us that we have got to hasten this bill because the im- tlve wages m England and Amenca. On page 98 of his Report on ports are coming in without limit to get advantage of these low Cotton Goods Trade of the World he says: duties. Well, I say, Let them come. I twill benefit those who pur- Owing to the different arrangements of the English and .d.merican tables chase them. rApplause on the Democratic side.] of wages, it is difficult to give comparative analyses thereof which would Mr. WILLI.A.MS. Our importations from foreign countries show at a glance the difference in wages of the operatives of both countries. have fallen off as compared with the McKinley bill. Another very important point seems to have not been given Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. Ve1·y materially. proper consideration. Mr. GAINES. Is it not a fact that during the debate on the The census of 1890 informs us that the value of products in McKinleybillMr. WilliamL. Wilsonstatedthatthemanufacturers American manufa.ctures in 1890 was $9,372,437,283, and that the went before the Committee on Ways and Means and actually number of persons employed was 4, 712,622, showing that the aver- wrote portions of the McKinley bill? age product of each laborer was $1,988. Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. Well, that was done this time. I have also a statement from Mulhall showing that the product f~aughter.] It is always done by Republicans. The McKinley per hand in other countrieswasasfollows: England,$793; France Tnll was framed by that method. You just take up this bill and and Germany, $545; Belgium, 8547; Switzerland, $431; Austria, take the reports of these hearings, and tell your friend to read the 8411; Russia, $384; Spain, $368, and Italy, $267. bill while you hold the hearings in your hand, and you will find This shows that the productive capacity of American workmen that some of them are alike, verbatim. i~ two and one-half times that of England, three and one-half Mr. GAINES. In their own handwriting. times that of the_ workmen of Franc::e, Ger_many, and Belgium, Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. It is in print-the same thing. more than four trmes that of Austria, SWitzerland, Russia or The manufacturers seemed to have everything pretty much their Spain, and seven times that of Italy. ' own way. They seemed to know about all that was going on. I In order to get accurate information on the subject the State would read in the papers that such and such things were agreed Department, with the aid of the American consuls, m~de an ex­ upon by the committee. I received letters from all over the coun- haustive investigation. Numerous and detailed repmts were re­ try saying it was reported that such and such schedules had been ceived by the Secretary of State, all of which were carefully :fixed, and when I would go to my Republican friends on the com- analyzed a~d verified. T~ese reports were presented to Congress mittee and say,'' I hear thus and so; is it true?" they would be as by Mr. Blame, together With his comments and recommendations. dumb as oysters. [Laughter.] They would not say a word. In this paper Mr. Blaine gives extracts from the reports of the Our information about what was done came from the public consuls, together with elaborate tables showing the actual pay press and from men who were admitted to the sanctity of their given to operatives in cotton mills both in the United States and star chamber. They got what they wanted, and came out, and in England, and on page 98 he sums it up in these words: unwittingly told Democrats what they had accomplished. The wages of spinners and weavers in Lancashire and in Massachusetts, Mr. McRAE. They met regularly in the committee room? accoz:ding to the foregoing statements, were as follows per week: Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. They had a committee room up Spmners: English, $7.20 to $8.40 (master spinners running as high as Sl2)· American, $1.07 to $10.30. ' in the Cochran Hotel. Weavers: English, $3.84 to $8.6.!, subject, at the date on which these rates Now, of all the erroneous statements ever made on earth, none were given, to a reduction of 10 per cent; American, $4.82 toss. 73. approximate the fearful error of Republicans when they talk about The ~verage wageM

He estimates the output of piece goods that year in British mills • .Ame1-ica. at 5,439,645,000 yards, and the output of piece goods in American Rhode Provi- mills at 2,131,580,000 yards. He estimates that the British mills Description of cloth. Fall River. Lowell. Aver- employed 500,000 operatives, while the mills of the United States Island. dance. age. only employed 181,000 operatives. And he puts the number of spindles in the United States at 10,920,000, and the number in 28-inch, 56 reed, U ~cks Cents. Cents. Cents. Cents. Cents. (60 by 56), 58 yar .... 16.82 17.26 19.96 19.96 18.50 Great Britain at 40,000,000. 28-inch, 60 reed.16 ~cks Mr. Blaine then gives the relative value of the English and (64 by 64), 58 yar .... Unknown 22.30 23.20 :?8.20 22.90 American cotton manufactures, and makes this gratifying asser­ tion: From these returns it is seen that every American spindle consumes 66 Summary of cost of manufacturing printing cloth. pounds of raw cottonhwhile each British spindle consumes only 32 pounds, or less than one-half t e American consumption per spindle. Rent, in­ It thus appears that each American operative works up as much raw ma­ Sundry terest,and terial a.s twoBritishoperatives, turns out nearly $L50worth of manufactures Place. Wages. expenses. deprecia- Total. to the British operative's S1 worth., and even in piece goods, where the supe­ tion. rior quality and weight of the American goods are so marked, the American operative turned out 2.75 yards to 2.50 yards by the British operative. Cents. Cents. Cents. Cents. SECRETARY EVARTS ON LA.l30R. Fall River •••••••..• ·-··-····-····· 6.007 3.l11 4.1183 14.1363 I will now quote from another distinguished Republican Secre­ Lowell ·····-··········-··········· 6.882 2.723 (..1183 13.'iz:J3 Rhode Island-·······-·-·····-····· 6.422 1.834 3. 7437 11.9997 tary of State. Pennsylvania········-·-·········· 6.« 5.04: 4.1183 15.5983 On May 17, 1879, the Hon. William M. Evarts, Secretary of England ... _·-·· •••.•• --····.··-··· 6. 9624 2.6256 2.572 12.16 State, transmitted to the Forty-sixth Congress a report upon labor statistics, giving rates of wages, covering, as he says-I read from page 1 The report goes on and says: Your readers will gather from the figures given in the foregoing table of The labor question in all its ~spects in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany England, Irelandt,..,.Scotland, Wales, Italy, Holland, Spain, and Switzerland costs that, in the matter of wages, America is as cheap as England. (which, with the united States, may be said to comprise the world of edu­ cated and progressive labor). OUR GREAT PROGRESS DUE TO AMERICAN CIVILIZATION. After giving numerous and most elaborate reports and various The great progress which has blessed our country is due to the kinds of evidence, Mr. Evarts says-! read fTom page 36, para­ spirit of American institutions; the American method of educa­ graph 9: tion and training; the high order of American civilization which has made the people of this great Republic superior to all others The average American workman performs from one and one-half to twice as much work in a given time as the average European workman. This is in energy, genius, courage, manhood, and individuality. It is so important a point in connection with our ability to compete with the these elements which have instilled into our people that great pro­ cheap labor manufactures of Europe, and it seems on first thought so strange. gressiveness which has enabled America to outstrip all the nations that I will trouble you with somewhat lengthy quotations from the reports of the Old World. in support thereof. It was these characteristics which made the American soldier Mr. Evarts quotes a number of authorities to sustain this state· superior in war to those of all other nations. ment, and then says: It is these characteristics which have made our people superior to all others in avocations of peace. o;'~~!e Tt~ g:: gf~~~~t:r;:s:±~~ ~:h~;::!~~~:~~~~~~Efct The great progress of the United States during the last thirty Eeld a. monopoly of the world's mar~ets, met them in their strongholds. and established the fact that American :rp.anu!actures are second to the manufac­ years has been attained in spite of the tariff laws which have been tures of no other nation, and that, with a. proper and patriotic understanding enacted by the Republican party. . between capitalist and laborer, we can command a fair share of the buying It is an insult to the manhood of Americans to say that this world's patronage, and command that patronage with larger profits to the capitalist and higher wages to the laborer than can be made or paid in any great progress and development is the fruit of the character of other country. legislation which has prevailed in the great Empire of China for hundreds of years. For centuries they have maintained a protect­ Mr.Evartsthenspeaksofthesuperiorindividualityandinventive ive tariff if possible more exclusive and detrimental than that genius of the people of the United States, and says, page 37: insisted upon by Republicans. It has brought down that nation, One workman in the United States, as will be seen from the foregoing ex­ tracts, does as much work as twoworkmeninmostofthecountriesofEurope; old in civilization as it is, to a d·egraded position among the nations even the immigrant from Europe attains this progressive spirit by a few of the earth. . yeru·s' association with American workmen. Now, it will be observed that since we passed the Wilson bill I desire to call special attention to this important and well-known our exports of cotton goods have increased more than 50 per cent fact, that immigrants, under the influence of our free institutions, and have reached a total of $16,000,000, a higher figure than they soon become Americanized, become imbued with our progressive ever reached before. spirit, do twice as much work as they did in their native land, and All will admit that the price of labor is highest when the de­ thus rapidly acquire competence. The difference between the mand for it is greatest, and therefore the best way to increase the American workman and the foreign peasant is then expressed by price of labor is to increase the demand, and the way to increase the honorable Secretary in this terse language: the demand for American labor is to increase the demand for the We have no oppressed and stupid peasantry, little more intelligent than products of American labor, and the only way to increase the de­ the tools they handle. All are self-thinking, self-acting, and self-supporting. mand for·the products of American labor is to find purchasers for those products, and the way to accomplish this purpose is to SECRETARY 'FRELINGHUYSEN ON LABOR. open the markets of the world, so that as far as possible the people I have also before me volume 25, miscellaneous documents, of the whole world will become the purchasers of the products Forty-seventh Congress, which contains a report from Mr. Fre­ of the factoTies and farms of our country. This is the theory of linghuysen, President Arthur's Secretary of State. On pages 43 the Democratic party. and 44 are some tables showing the rat.es of wages paid for weav­ The Democrntic party is convinced that the bill now before the ing printing cloth in some of the principal districts of England and House will not only fail to attain such purposes, but its effect America. will in all respects be to the contrary, and that is one reason why The report thus refers to them: they oppose this bill. As one of the latest and fullest comparisons between English and Ameri­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Alabama can manufactm·es, I believe the following tables and remarks from his pen has expired. will be found reliable. Mr. McMILLIN. I ask that the gentleman's time be extended I present these tables without any comment, except that they until he concludes his speech. go far to refute the many erroneous impressions which have been Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. I only desire a few minutes. I created regarding English and American factory labor. realize that many gentlemen desire to speak. The following is the rate of wages paid for weaving printing The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. Mc­ cloth in some of the principal districts of England and America: MILLIN] asks unanimous consent that the gentleman from Ala­ England. bama be permitted to conclude his remarks. Is there objection? The Chair hears none. Ashton- Description of cloth. under- Black- Stockport. Hyde. Aver- OPEN THE WORLD'S MARKETS TO OUR M.U.ruF.A.CTURED COTTON AND W1ll Lyne. burn. age. WOULD BE THE RICHEST PEOPLE ON EARTH. Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. I would like to enter into this 28-inch, 56 reed, Ulicks Cents. Cents. Cents. Cents. Cents. question quite deeply, but I can not do so on the floor. I will, (60by64),58lar s ..... 24.68 25.04: 25.04: 25.28 25.00 however, include in my printed speech some statistics showing 28-inch, 60 ree , 16~icks (64 by 64), 58 yar ..... zr. 10 29.06 29.48 29.30 28.88 the facts. We can make cotton goods in the South for two-thil·ds the cost they can be made for in England. England last year 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 129 exported cotton goods to the amount of $400,000,000. It is not erty, the principles of civilization, the principles of right, will surprising that she pays her labor more than we do. The demand continue to live to all eternity. [Loud and long-continued ap­ for labor in England is thirty-two times greater than it is in plause on the Democratic side.] America-I mean for labor to make cottons for export-and as the price of everything is regulated by demand and supply, it is to be Table showing the world's production of iron ore, coal, pig iron, and steel dur­ expected that where the demand is so great in England the com­ ing the year 1895, and the per ce?tt of the production of the United States. pensation should be high. Coal and Suppose that we manufactured our cotton and exported the Iron ore. lignite. Pig iron. SteeL manufactured goods; what would be the effect? We sell our cot­ ton now for $350,000,000, and if the cotton crop were cut off, which Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. brings $250,000,000 a year to this country from Europe, the Repub­ United States-----·····-·------15, 957' 614: 112,426,366 9,446,308 6,114,834: lican party and all the rest of us would go into bankruptcy. Great Britain------______12,615,414, 189, 661, 362 7, 703,459 3,359,962 [Laughter.] Suppose we manufactured this cotton; what would Germany and Luxemburg _____ 12,349,600 103, 957, 6a9 5,46!,501 3,962, 775 l<,rance ______------____ ------3, 772,101 28,236,039 2,005,889 716,931 be the effect? England one year purchased cotton for which she Belgium------·------312,637 20, 450, 00! 829,~ 367,917 paid $112,000,000. She spun and wove that cotton and exported Austria and Hungary·------2,409,584: 32,69-,711 1,1~,175 700,630 it and sold it in her own and in the markets of the world for Russia ______------··---- 2,4.87,2"l5 9,079;138 1,454,32.') 574,112 $569,000,000, an increase in value of more than fivefold. Let us Sweden ______-----···----·------1, 904,662 223, 6.')2 462,930 197,830 Spain------··-·····------·-- 5,514,339 1, 783,783 206,452 73,200: spin and weave our product, and it would sell for nearly $2,000,- 183,371 305,321 9,213 50,314 000,000, and would not only make the South the richest country on ~~;~aa-~~-_:::::::~~~=== :::::::::: 91,738 3,136,164 37,829 17,000 earth, but wouli} make all America rich, and the shadow of desola­ Cuba and other countries---··· 1,386,04.4 17,500,000 125,000 5,000 tion would rise over that land which is governed by Queen Vic­ Total ____ ------__ ··------58,984.,374 579' 4..57. 839 28,867,315 16,220,M9 toria, because her cotton-goods trade is the basis of the wealth of Great Britain. Percentage of United States ___ 27.{0 29.751 32.72 37.69 I will now read an extract from the works of that great philoso­ pher, Mr. Buckle, in which he treats of the effects of the protec­ I give below the world's production of pig iron at each decennial tive system upon all nations where it has been adopted or applied. yea-r from the inauguration of Washington down to 1880, and the Mr. Buckle clearly proves that ''no country can long remain pros­ semidecennial years from that time: perous or free in which the people are not gradually extending their power, enlarging their privileges, and, so to say, incorporat­ Table showing the world's prodtu;tion of piq iron at each decennial year from ing themselves into all the functions of the State." And in com­ 1790 to 1880, and the semidecenntal years from that time. mentin~ upon the effect of the protective policy upon nations by United Great which 1t is adopted he says: Date. States. Britain. France. Germany. Various. Tot~. It is this which induces them to retain restrictions by which their trade has long been troubled, and to preserve monopolies which in our country a Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. freer system has effectualli• destroyed. It is this whiQh causes them to inter­ 1790------· --·- 30,000 68,000 40,000 30,000 110,000 278,000 fere with the natural relation between producers and consumers, to disturb 1800------40,000 190,000 60,000 40,000 130,000 460,000 the ordinary march of industry, and, under pretense of protecting their na­ 1810------55,000 250 000 85,000 46,000 180,000 616,000 tive laborers, diminish the produce of labor by diverting It from those profit­ 1820-- -·------110,000 4.00:000 140,000 90,000 270,000 1,010,000 able channels into which its own instincts compel it to fiow. 1830------180,000 680,000 220,000 120,000 385,000 1,585,000 184.0------290,000 1,390,000 350 000 170,000 480,000 2,600,000 And the deplorable effects of the principle of protection, when 1850------560,000 2,250,000 57o:ooo 4.02,000 640,000 4,4~.000 carried to extremes, is then forcibly portrayed in these words: 1860------820,000 3,830,000 900,000 530,000 1,100,000 7,180,000 1870 ----· ··-·-- 1,670,000 5, 960,000 1,180,000 1,300,000 1, 710,000 11,910,000 3,84.0,000 7, 750,000 1, 730,000 2,730,000 2,090,000 18,140,000 When the protective principle is carried into trade, these are its inevitable 1880 ----·-···-- 1~ ------4,050,000 7,400,000 1,630,000 2,690,000 2,310,000 19,1CO,OOO results. When it is carried into politics, there is formed what is called a 1889------7,600,000 8,250,000 1,720,000 4,530,000 3,060,000 25,160,000 paternal government, in which supreme power is vested in the sovereign or 9, 44.6, 308 7, 703,459 2,005,889 5, 4.64, 501 4,247,258 28,867,315 m a. few privileged classes. When it is carried into theology, it produces a 1895------powerful church and a numerous clergy, every opposition to whom is re­ eented as an insult to the public morals. These are the marks by which pro­ tection may be recognized. World's p1·oduction of wool. (Latest dates.) Pounds. All other Asia ______Pounds. Mr. Chairman, these expressions sound like the teachings of the Australasia. __ ----·-----·-­ 643, 000, 000 35,000,000 Democratic party-the party of which I am proud to be a mem­ United States------·_----­ 009,743,000 32,500,000 ber. That party has sought, so far as possible, t-o extend the priv­ Russia, including Poland, tt~1;~~~·-~~:-~~~::~::: 29,000,000 etc------290, 000, 000 Venezuela ______15,000,000 ileges of the people, to enlarge their power, and by every form Argentina_------·---- ___ _ 280, 000, 000 All other South America. 15,000,000 of legislation to incorporate the people in all the functions of Great Britain __ --···----·- 135,000,000 All other Europe------14,000,000 our Government. Such has always been the purpose to which France ______-----·-·---· 103, 610, 000 P ortugal ______------13,410,000 this great party has been devoted. It was for this that this Spain------·------Hf2, 600, 000 British provinces ______12,000,000 Cap~ Colon.y, Natal, etc __ 93,000,000 Sweden and Norway---- 8,200,000 party sprang into existence; and its destiny will never be achieved British India ______---- 85,000,000 Chile ______---····-··· 7,500,000 until this glorious, godlike work has been accomplished. [Ap­ Turkey and Balkan Pen- Mexico------­ 5,000,000 67,500,000 Central America. and plause.] insula .. ------· West Indies ______Austria-Hun~aryRussia in Asia ______------· _ 64.,300,000 5,000,000 This party, Mr. Chairman, was born when the spirit of liberty 60,000,000 Egypt------.------3,000,000 planted this glorious Republic on this continent. This party has Germany_------­ M,358,000 All other Africa ____ ····-- 1,000,000 Uruguay----··-----··--··- (9,000,000 Oceanica ---- ____ -----·-·- 50,000 seen party after party rise and live and die while the Democratic Central Asia ______------46,000,000 ·party lived. It saw the great Federal party rise, exist, and die, Asiatic Turkey ______39,000,000 Total ______··-··-··· 2,582, 103,000 while the great Democratic party, led by Jefferson, rose and lived. World's production of wheat. (Latest dates.) The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Alabama Bushels. Bushels. [Mr. WHEELER l has expired. United States----··---·-· 467,103,000 Great Britain __ ----·---·-· 38,348,000 Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. I ask for one minute more. Russia in Europe ______376, 885, 000 Bulgaria ______-----·_-·--- 37,000,000 Mr. BAILEY. I ask that the gentleman from Alabama be France ____ ------339,1.29,000 Australasia ______------32, 461' 000 BI·itish India------· 234, 379' 000 Algeria------·----­ 24,800,000 allowed time to conclude his remarks. Hungary------·--- H6, <00, 000 Persia------·---··- ~.000,000 Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. I shall not occupy more than a Germany-----·····-·-·-·- llO, 000, 000 Turkeyin Europe ______21,500,000 minute; I do not wish to detain the House. 106, 181, 000 Belgium ______----· 18,000,000 ~~a;_~-:~:::::~~::::~::::::: 92,000,000 Japan __ ---·._----_----··-· 16, 500,000 The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Texas [Mr. BAILEY] RuSSiam Asia ______83,499,000 Chile_----· __ ----_------15,000,000 asks llnanimous consent that the gentleman from Alabama be Roumania ------·-­ 68,503,000 14,000,000 allowed time without limit in which to conclude his remarks. Is Argentina.----_--····--··· 60,000,000 ~~o-::::::::::::::::::: . 14,000,000 Canada------57,460,000 Uruguay------··-··--·- 10,000,000 there objection? The Chair hears none. Asiatic Turkey_··-···-··· 46,000,000 Mr. WHEELER of Alabania. Mr. Chairman, I shall not detain Austria ______•••••• ·····-· 41, 200,

I give below the world's production of steel for 1850, 1870, 1881, of despair; and if their words were to be taken as they express 1880, and 1895: · them, our countrymen have been, under Republican Administra­ Table showing u:orld's production of steel for the years 1850,1870, 1881, 1889, and tions, the most downtrodden and oppressed people on the face of 1895. the earth. What are the facts? Historytells the story of Repub­ United United Conti- lican success and of national and individual prosperity. The Date. States. Kingdom. nent. Total. years of Republican control in this country mark the golden period of our national existence. From 1865, when we were just Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. emerging from the most gigantic civil war of all tir!l.es, to 1893, 1850 ------5,000 49,000 17,000 71,000 mark the years of Republican supremacy in this country. Dur­ 18i0 __ ---· ----. -·--- ___ ... ---·- ___ 'iO,OOO 215,000 255,000 5!0,000 1881 ______------1,250,000 1,440,000 1,565,000 4,255,000 ing all this long period no law was enacted that did not bear the 1889 ------· 3,385,000 3,670,000 3,195,000 11,250,000 impress of the Republican party and mark the statesmanship -of 189&------6,114,834 3,376,962 6, 732,763 16,224,559 our great leaders. This period includes the first four years tha.t Grover Cleveland was President of the United States, but you I will now read a table showing the amount of cotton imported will bear in mind that duringthatAdministration the two Houses into Europe during the year 1895 and the countries from which the of Congress were Republican, so that no law was framecl that did cotton was exported: not meet with the approval of the gxeat leaders of our party. In 1865 om· national interest-bearing debt aggregated 82,881,- Table showi1~ the amount of cotton imported into Eu}·ope dttring the yea1· 1895 and the countries from which said cotton was ex-po1-ted. 530,294. When the Republican party, on the 4th day of Maroh, Bales. 1893, surrendered the control of the nation to the Democratic Am.erican ..•••• ------·------.-----.------5, 673,110 party, that immense debt had been reduced to S585,034,260; in Brazilian------_------.••..• ------...... ------·------·-· 94,450 other words, during the period of which I speak, by the ,policy pursued by the Republican party, $1,706,496,034 of the nationaJ. ::~~!~~~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:::::::: m:m debt had been paid, and that without oppressing a single individ­ ual, or without levying taxes that would disturb the prosperity of Total------·--·--- ___ .. ---·------7, 381,530 any class of our citizens. No country, ancient or modern, ca,n Russia, as we have seen, has raised a tariff on raw 'Cotton to 4t show such a marvelous record as this~ No nation, ancient or cents per pound, and is making extraordinary efforts to _produce modern, ever paid a national debt with the rapidity that these that article in such quantities that the supply from RusSian fields figures indicate, and yet, as I have said, Mr. Speaker, this period will make it independent of all other cotton countries. marks a greater prosperity among our people than any othm· period The Statesman's Year-Book, published in January, 1896, in speak­ in our history. The wealth of the nation mm·e than quadrupled ing of this effort of Russia, says: during this time. Our population more than doubled; nine new The cotton crops in Turkestan, which covered, in 1888, 214,115 acres and stars were added to our national emblem, and nine new S:tates yielded 325,148 hundredweight of raw cotton, one-half of which was the Ameri­ can and the other half the local cotton tree, attained in 1895 to 496,800 acres, sought and received recognition upon this floor and in the Senate chiefly in Ferganah (351,000 acres), and yielding over &!0,000 hundredw~:!ight of the United States. of purified cotton (2,080,000hundredweight of raw cotton). Khiva and Bok· Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. Let me ask the gentleman what hara supply annually about 322,000 hundredweight. Attempts at raising party was it that provided the territory out of which the nine cotton have also been made in Transcaucasia, the crop of 1891 attaining 2,900 .hundredweightin Elisabethpol and 200,000 hundredweight in Erivan; 9,833 States were carved whose admission added nine stars to the na· acres were under cotton trees in 1892. tional emblem? I will now read a table which shows the exports of domestic Mr. HOPKINS. The Democratic party, the same party that cotton· from the United States and amount exported to each for­ later in its history tried to take eleven stars away from that .em­ -eign country: blem, butf.ailed. [Applause on the Republican side.] During this same period our manufacturing and other industries Table showing amount of domestict;otton expm·ted to varicnUJ foreign countries. multiplied and increased in a manne1·thata.mazedourf01·eign com­ Urn ted Kingdom._ .lbs__ 1, 763,715,884: Other European conn- Germany ______do___ 752,297,5{).! tries (pounds)______125,072,479 _petitors. Our agricultural interests prospered and developed in a France ------··-do... 393,410,699 Other countries ___ lbs.. 102,688,423 manner that placed our nation first, from an agricultural sta~d­ Italy ______do... 166,327,989 point, among all the civilized nations of the earth. Villages de­ Spain ...•..•• ______do... 127,839,376 TotaL .••••.. do... 3,502, 171,787 Russia ______do.__ 70,869,433 veloped into beautiful cities, and cities small and inconspicuous in 1S65 had grown in 1893 into great commercial centers. Our .Mr. HOPKINS. Mr. Chairman, the Republican party is again manufacturing industries multiplied and diversified to such an in power. It has been commissioned by the people to againadmin­ extent that we were recognized as one of the greatest manufac­ ist.er the affairs of our country in all of the great departments of turing nations in the world, and the condition of labor kept pace the Government. It has been authorized to fm:mulate and enact with all of these other developments. The wages of mechanics legislation that will restore confidence to capital, prosperity to our increased, and as industries multiplied and greater skill and industrial and agricultural interests, and give employment to highe1· intelligence were required they improved, until to-day they labor. The message of the President clearly and most admirably rank as the first in skill, in intelligence, and in ability. They are sets forth the causes that have led to this political revolution. the best paid workmen in the world. There is nothing accidental Four years of Democracy taught all classes the utter hollowne s in the marvelous growth of our country, in the wonderful devel­ of the claims and pretenses of their leaders for supreme control, opment of our resources, and the great improvement made in the and the utter inability of that party to successfully administer condition of labor. It is the .industrial policy of the Republican the affairs of the nation. The bill which is now under considera­ party that has wrought such splendid results as I have .here but tion is framed on Republican principles and in accordance with faintly described. It was the overthrow of that policy in the great the well-known policy of om· party. It is presented to Congress Presidential election of 1892 that brought distress and want upon at this early day in response to an almost universal demand in labor and an almost perfect paralysis of all ou1· great manufac· the country that speedy action be taken to relieve our depleted tm·ing and business interests. I remember, Mr. Chairman, hear­ and bankrupt Treasury, and to again start all of our industrial ing the gentleman who opened the debate on the Democratic side interests upon the highroad to prosperity. I shall later on speak on this bill, nearly seven years ago characterize what isJmown as more particularly of the various schedules in the hill, and of the the McKinley law with as savageterms as he has indulged inhere principle of reciprocity, which has been made one of its promi­ to-day. I heard him and his colleagues claim that it was the cul­ nent features. Before, howe-ver, doing this, I desire, as briefly as mination of industrial atl·ocity, and that it meant an accumula­ I may, in view of what has been said by learned gentlemen on the tion of burdens upon an already overtaxed people. other side of this Chamber respecting the policies of the Repub­ That great measure, Mr. Chairman, has vindicated itself. Dur­ lican and Democratic parties, to review the condition of our ing the brief period that it was upon the .statute book, and while country under these different policies. the Republican party was in control, it amply justified theexpec­ I had s"Qpposed that the experience of the last few years would tatioDB of its fi·iends. lt raised a revenue sufficient to pay the teach even the Democratic leaders in this House that free trade expenditures of the Government, stimulated and encouraged labor, meant the closing of our factories and the turning of labor from and caused additional capital to be invested in the development of employment; that it meant a depleted Ifi'easm·y, business depres­ old industries and the building of new. The receipts of the Gov­ sion, and bankruptcies generally. Our experience in this House ernment under thjs law from October, 1890, to November, 1802, during the last few days has verified the old statement that a aggregated S759,456,825, while the expenses of the Government genuine Bom·bon Democrat never forgets an error and ~-arely during the same period amounted to Si31,211,184, leaving a clear learns a new fact. You would suppose, Mr. Chairman, from the surplus during that time of $28,245,641, an average monthly sm·­ harangue of one of these men, that the Republican party had plus of receipts over expenditures of S1,129,821. I have stopped brought nothing but unnumbm~ed woes upon our people; that it with November, 1892, because that is the time when the people of is organized simply to plunder and destroy. The same argu­ this country determined that free trade should be tried under Dem­ ments that 1 have heard repeatedly in this Hall for the last ten ocratic control, and no fair test of that law could be had after the years are repeated in their speeches against the measure now un­ decision of-the people in that great Presidential election. But what der consideration, with but slight variation. They are prophets marks the success of that great measure, in my opinion, more than 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 131 these figures, is the fact that during this period $40,000,000 of new inure to the benefit of the American people instead of the princi­ capital was used in the development of old industries in this cl?un­ ples of the Republican party. try and the construction of n~w ones, and employment was given In view of the record shown by the Treasm·y Department of the to 37,000 additional workmen. Government, what right have they to be heard on this great reve­ Here, Mr. Chairman, is a record that the Republican party may nue measure now under consideration? What weight should be well be proud of: a record that more than fulfills the statements of given their criticisms respecting it? Have they sho'\vn themselves the framers of that great measure when they were appealing to the capable of framing a measure that would meet the needs of the inembers of this House for snpportand indorsement, and a record Government and that would bring the smile of prosperity to the which puts to confusion the men who denounced that law as they people? They have been tried and have utterly and ignominiously to-day denounce the measure which we have presented here for failed to meet the expectations of the public or to fulfill any of the relief of our country and our suffering countrymen. It was the .pledges they made when the great charge of administering the under this law, Mr. Chairman, and a Republican Adminisb:ation affairs of the Government was placed in their hands by a confid­ that our industrial and commercial prosperity 1·eached high-water ing people. Turn where you will, 1\fr. Chairman, and you find mark. Under this law our exports and importsexceeded those of the wrecks of their control and the sad effects of their legislation •,; ~ny other period of our history, and it was during this time that and administration. It is not alone of the great industries that there was not an enforced idle man in America. In 1892, when receive protection, under the policy of our party, that I speak, but General Hanison was President of the United States, and this every industry, every kind of business, as well as labor itself, has much-abused McKinley law was upon the statute book of our received almost a deathblow as the result of their principles being country, no man sought employment in vain; every man that made a part of the laws of our country. desired a day's work was furnished it, and at wages higher than I can not find a better illustration to show the utter inability of had ever been known in this or any other countJ:y. the Democratic party to successfully administer the affairs of the Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. Will the gentleman be kind Govemment and the inadequacy of their industrial policy than enough to inform us whether it was under the McKinley law o1· to call the attention of the members of this House and of the the Wilson law that Coxey's army came here? country to the condition of the railroads of the United States Mr. HOPKINS. Coxey's army came here after the Democratic dming the four years of Democratic adiVinistration. You will party had come into power. It came here at a time when all the remember, Mr. Chairman, that when the last great Republican world knew that free trade was to be the order of the day-after measure, the act of 1890, was under discussion in this House the the McKinley law had been paralyzed by its enemies. clailn was made by the Democratic leaders upon the other side of Mr. MAGUffiE. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a the Chamber that that bill tended to build up individual interests question? at the expense of the people, and that only those who were directly Mr. HOPKINS. Yes, su·. affected by an increased import duty on articles would be there.. Mr. MAGUffiE. If all of our citizens were employed during cipientsof any benefits whatever under that law, and that all other the campaign of 1892 and immediately prior thereto; if all the cla.sses and other interests that were not specially and specifically country was then prosperous, why was the gentleman's party so enumerated in the bill would be the sufferers, and would be com­ unmercifully '' turned down" in the election of 1892? I say the pelled to pay from their earnings what, they claimed, was taken gentleman's aHsumption is incorrect; that the disaster at that from them under increased import duties and placed in the pock­ time had already fallen upon the countl·y. ets of the wealth~ manufacturers. They claimed, among other Mr. HOPKINS. I will answer the gentleman's question. It things, that the railroads of the country would prosper under free was by reason of the false pretensions of the Democratic leaders. trade, and that railroad employ-ees would also be benefited, as [Laughter and applause.] What have our Democratic friends they had pros]38red under the protective principles of the Repub~ to show as a result of their great victory in the Presidential cam­ lican party, and illustrated their position by saying that the prod­ paig:p. of 1892? ·What man among them can look to the four years ucts of the farm IIlJlSt be transported to the seaboards and that of the late Administration with pride or pleasure? What has been the imports from foreign countries here must be carried through the result to the country and to the people of their efforts to change the various States to the localities where the. people could consume the industrial policy of the count1·y and ingraft upon our laws them, and that this ind us.try would prosper better under the policy their much-vaunted principles of free trade? Their revenue meas­ of free trade, as advocated by their party, than under the indus­ ure has brought to the Government a depleted and bankrupted trial system that has been made so prominent a part of the history Treasm·y. It has brought to the people hunger and want; it has of our party. Our contention then was, and always has been, destroyed industries, interrupted commerce, and paralyzed indus­ that under a well-regulated and graduated tariff laweveryindus­ trial enterprises. It is a matter of surp1·ise to those of us who try and every citizen in all of the various vocations of life would were in the House when the law of 1894 was under discussion to be benefited; that what brings prosperity to one interest brings hear the gentlemen upon the other side of this Chamber now speak it to all. This claim has been amply and adequately proven again of that measure as though it now Ol" ever had possessed any merit and again. whatever. One of the most unfortunate days this country has Let me, sir, present to you some figures to show how the rail­ ever known was when that act became a law. It repealed a law roads and railroad employees have suffered during the four years and reversed a policy that has made this country the richest, last past. greatest, and grandest among all the nations of the earth. It re­ Since the Wilson-Gorman bill was enJlcted into law, 174 rail­ versed a :policy that has made this country the greatest industrial roads have gone into the hands of receivers. These railroads rep­ p.ation among all civilized people, and reversed a policy that has resent 26,300 miles of road; more miles of road than are possessed done more to dignify labor than any other one policy that has ever by any other country excepting Germany. These roads repre­ influenced civilized man. sent an aggregate capital stock of $692,490,479. Here are some of The measure that took the place of the McKinley law has never the fruits of free trade and Democratic administl·ation. Th~ received the unqualified approval of any man in public or private tonnage of the railroads of the United States for the year ending life in this country. It is a measure that is full of crudities, full June 30, 1893, aggregated 747,119,482 to.ns. In 1895 the tonnage of unreasonable and unjust discriminations, and one that directly of the railroads of the United States aggregated 696,761,171 tons, tends to stimulate and increase the industrial prosperity of our a decrease in 1895 as oompa1·ed with 18!)3 of 48,358,311 tons. The foreign rivals, while it destroys industries upon this side of the earnings of the railroads of the United States for the year ending Atlantic. It is a measure that has received th~ severest criticism June 30, 1893, the last year of the last Republican Administration, not only among Democratic members of this House and the Sen­ aggregated $1,220,751,874. The earnings of these same railroads ate of the United States, but is a measure that the late Democratic for the year ending June 30, 1895, under free trade, and Demo­ President refused to sign, claiming that it represented nothing but cratic administration, was $1,075,371,462, a decrease in the gross perfidy and dishonor. What has been its effect, Mr. Chairman, earnings in 1895 as compared with 1893" of $145,0.38,412. upon the interests of the country? Has it increased our revenues? Think of it for a moment. These figures seem almost incredible. Look at our Treasury reports. But two months during the four Why is it, Mr. Chairman, that so many railroads have gone into years that Grover Cleveland was President of the United States the hands of receivers and such a vast capital as r~presented by did the revenues of the Government equal or exceed our monthly them has been tied up in the courts of our country? It is because expenditures. The balance sheet shows that during these four of the fatal policy of the Democratic party. ~t is beeause the years of Democratic contJ:ol the Government expended $203,811,729 great industrial policy of our party, in a day almost, was over­ more than was received from all sources. The luxury of aDem­ thrown and the antiquated notions of a past generation reenacted ocratic Administration, with a Democratic Congress, cost the peo­ into life by the legislation of this party that was repudiated at the ple of this country on an average 84,000,000 per month more than polls in the election last November. In the d-ecrease of earnings its receipts, and every day that that party was in power, from of these railroads is a loss to millions of people, representing all :March 4, 1893, up to and including March 4, 1897, cost the people classes and conditions in life, who had their savings tied up in the of this country more than $140,000 over the receipts of the Govern­ stocks and bonds of the great railroads which span our country in ment from all sources. And yet gentlemen upon the other side of every direction. theChamber have thehardihood to stand here and insist that they But this, sir, does not represent the full force of the blow the rail­ are the genuine representatives of the people of our country and road interests of the country have received from the Democratic that the policy and principles they advocate are the one.s that will party. The results that l have briefly given do not represent the 132 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE~ MARCH 22,

greatest hardships that have been placed upon our people. The want and despair. I have noticed, sir, during the discussion of railroads of this country, on June 30, 1803, gave employment to the pending bill, that ow· Democratic friends are assuming that 873,603 men. On June 30, 1895, only 785,034 found employment. they are the friends of the farmers, and that the legislation which An army of 88,568 railroad employees were thus turned out upon the they advocate is in their interest, while ours tends to oppress them. highways to seek in vain for employment, and in many instances Again, Mr. Chairman, in answer to this assumption, I appeal tg to be compelled to beg for bread for themselves and families. the facts of history. Fortl.mately for the Republican party and These men in 1893, according to the statistics which I have ob­ for the people of our country, careful records have been kept of tained from the Interstate Commerce reports, received in wages the working of the law known as the Wilson-Gorman law, and, $51,285,300. This, Mr. Chairman, is what the Democratic party the Republican law which it repealed. The records of the Treas­ has cost the laboring men in the railroad business alone. ury Department will show the amount of agricultural products But this, sir, does not measure the full extent of the loss to imported and exported during the period covered by both of these labor in this one department of the great industries of om· country measures, and statistics prepared by the Agricultural Department during the period of which I speak. The men who remained in show an accurate estimate of the condition and value of farm the employ of the railroads, according to the report from which I products of all kinds, and of domestic animals. During the last get these figures, suffered a reduction in their wages in 1895, as year that the law of 1890 was in operation the value of the agri­ compared with what they had received in 1893, of $9,800,000, so cultural products imported into this country was only $51,414,884. that the loss to railroad labor that has been brought upon them The Wilson-Gorman law repealed this law, as its advocates said, by this policy of free trade aggregates the marvelous amount of in the interest of the farmer. The Wilson-Gorman law, through $61,085,300. Is thire a railroad employee in the country to-day its low rates of duty, during the first year of its existence permitted that believes that his interests will besubserved by the restoration $107,342,522 worth of agricultm·al products to be imported into the to power of this repudiated Democratic party, or that the policy United States. You will see from this that the farmers were of free trade will bring him and his family the comforts, to say cheated out of a market of $55,927,678 during the first year this nothing of the luxuries, of life? But, sir, what is true of this great law was in force. Not only this, but during this same year there branch of business of the country is equally true of all of the were $70,000,000 worth of agricultural products less sold abroad · great manufacturing interests and agriculture as well. than were sold under the McKinley law during a like period, so I can give you an illustration, Mr. Chairman, that occurred in that the farmers of the country were injured, not only by thee~­ my own district that shows as marked a fall in the wages of labor traordinary increase of the importation of foreign agricultural as in the industry to which I have just adverted. The Elgin products, but their foreign markets were lessened to the amount Watch Company, located in the city of Elgin, in my home county, of $70,000,000, making a loss, as you will note, of $125,927,678. for years pnor to the 4th of March, 1893, was one of the largest Such friendship as this for the American farmer means his ruin. and most successful watch factories in the world. Commencing This is the friendship the wolf shows for the sheep, and the fox as it did years ago with a small capital and few employees, it for the hen. This is the friendship that has much impaired our steadily developed until, when Grover Cleveland was sworn into home markets for all kinds of farm products, and has practically office March 4, 1893, 2,900 employees found steady work in that closeQ. all European and other markets for the surplus products of great industry. The aggregate wages paid them in 1892 was our farms. These figures, however, do not show the extent of the $1,711,072.62. No finer class of workmen can be found in the loss to the American farmers under free-trade principles. world; intelligent and capable, they form a large portion of the These figures do not indicate what the fa1·mers have paid for four :population of that beautiful city. In 1896 their wages had been years of Democratic administration. The hard times that have reduced, by reason of the hard times that had fallen upon our thrown so many hundred thousands of people out of employment country, more than 38 per cent, representing in the aggregate have caused them to consume less of the farm products, and while three-quarters of a million dollars. The present condition of em­ our foreign markets for these products have been lessened, and in ployment in that industry, as given to me by•the manager of the many places closed, the home markets have been much inferior company, is as follows: There are now 1,700 people instead of to what they were during the period of Republican administration 2,900, as there were in 1892, and these employees receive wages and protective laws. It is estimated by unquestioned authority amounting to $50,000 per month as against $142,000 per month that the per capita consumption of wheat in this country in 1892 paid them in 1892. The output of this company of watch move­ was 5.91 bushels; of corn,30.33 bushels. In 1896the per capita con­ ments in 1892 was 613,428; in 1896, 319,425. The value of the output sumption of wheat iu the United States was 4.78 bushels; of corn, in 1892 aggregated 32,078,491.11; in 1896, $979,280.72, a decrease in 14.73 bushels; a less consumption of wheat in 1896 per capita, as the value of the output in 1896, as compared with that of 1892, compared with that of 1892, of 1.13 bushels; multiply this by the of $1,099,210.39. These figures tell their own story. 70,000,000 people in this country and we find that there was con­ No language can be framed that will more forcibly condemn the sumed of wheat grown in the United States, in round numbers, policy and principles of the Democratic party as represented in 80.~,000,000 bushels less tha.n there was in 1892, when everybody had the law which we seek to I'epeal, by the adoption of the bill now employment, was receiving good wages, and living well. The per under consideration, than the figures I have here given relating to capita consumption of corn was 15.60 bushels less in 1896 than it the railroads and their employees and the watch factory in my was in 1892, thus making a. lessened consumption in the year 1896, own district. But, sir, this result can be paralleled in almost as compared with that of 1892, of 1,050,000,000 bushels. every section of the United States, and almost every industry These figures are simply startling. And yet they are compiled that was in operation in 1892. The great iron and steel indus­ by reliable authority and account, in part, at least, for the harq tries have suffered quite as much as the industries to which I times that have been experienced by our farmers during the last have herein alluded, and we all know the great textile industries three or four years. This is not the limit of their suffering, how­ of the country have been badly crippled, and many of them ever, during the period that the Democratic party controlled tb.e ruined during the time that Mr. Cleveland occupied the White destinies of the nation. A comparison of the values of domestic House. Millions of men and women who had steady employ­ animals-horses, mules, cattle, sheep, and swine-during the la-st ment at 1·emunerative wages under the last Republican Adminis­ year of General Harrison's Administration and the last year of tration, by reason of the changed conditions in our country, the Cleveland Administration will give a better argument in favo1r wrought under the law which we are seeking to-day to repeal of the policy that has always been maintained by the Republican and replace with this splendid protective measure, lost their em­ party toward the great agricultural interests of this country than ployment and many of them were thrown upon public charities any of the figures which I have before given. for support. I find from statistics that have been compiled by the Secretary The story of their sufferings and privations form one of the of Agriculture that the value of domestic animals in the United saddest chapters in our history. I pray God that never again in States, namely, horses, mules, cattle, sheep and swine, aggre­ the history of our Republic may an industrial condition exist that gated, in 1892, $2,483,506,681. In 1895 their aggregate value was requires the establishment of soup houses in the great cities of the 51 ,819,446,306, a loss in three or more years of Democratic rule of country to feed and care for the poo1· and unemployed. I much 8664,060,375. Consider again these figures! Here is a shrink~ge prefer, Mr. Chaii·man, that system of legislation that will develop in the value of live stock that averages more than $500,000 per day and create new industries and give employment to these men and every working day the Democratic party was in power from 1893 women. I much prefer that system that dignifies labor by giving to 1897. it steady employment and minimizes public chalities. In this Mr. SIMPSON of Kansas. Will the gentleman allow me to in­ counb:y we are all political equals, and an industrial condition terrupt him for a question? should exist that will enable every honest man to earn a livelihood Mr. HOPKINS. I will yield to the gentleman for a question. for himself and the family that is dependent upon him for sup­ Mr. SIMPSON of Kansas. Does not the gentleman from illinois port. It is because I believe in this that I favor the speedy pas­ know that cattle are bringing higher prices now than they have sage of the measure that we have under consideration, believing, brought at any time for the last eight or ten years? as I do, that it will reopen the closed factories, that it will relight Mr. HOPKINS. Oh, Mr. Chairman, I have not the slightest the dead fires in our furnaces and give an impetus to all indm;trial doubt in the world that they have increased even since :Mr. :Mc­ interests in this country. We advocate the policy which inspires Kinleytookhisoathof office. [Applauseon the Republican side,] labor with hope and crowns it with .dignity. Our Democratic Mr. SIMPSON of Kansas. Does not the gentleman know tha"l opponents advocate that which pauperizes labor and leads it to they increased rapidly in price before he went into office at all? 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 133

Mr. HOPKINS. No, sir; I do not know anything of the kind. prosperity at least to that oppressed class of our American citi· 1\Ir. SIMPSON of Kansas. Then you ought to inform yourself zens. · No wonder, Mr. Chairman, that the farmers of thiscountry before undertaking to enlighten the House. [Applause on the have had enough of Democratic administration and free-trade Democratic side.] legislation. No wonder they desired, in the last Presidential elec­ Mr. HOPKINS. The figures I have given, 1\Ir. Chairman, have tion, to restore the Republican party to power and again secure been carefully compiled by the Democratic Secretary of Agricul­ legislation that would insure them prosperity. No interest in ture. They show the value of live stock in the country for a cer­ this country has suffered more under Democratic legislation than tain period, and then for another certain period. These figures the farmers of America; no class of our citizens deserve greater show this great farming interest shrunk in value on an average recognition or are entitled to more consideration than the tillers of over half a million dollars per day for the four years that the of our soil. All wealth springs from them. When they are made Democratic party was in power. prosperous all other industries improve. It is under the legisla­ Mr. SIMPSON of Kansas. Has the gentleman examined the tion of our party that the greatest agricultural developments have whole report? What else does it tell you? been made, and it is under Republican legislation that the highest 1\fr. HOPKINS. I have given the figures. I have shown the prices have been obtained in our home markets and that foreign value of the live stock in 1892, the last year of Mr. Harrison's markets have most readily opened and received our surplus prod­ Administration, a Republican Administration, and I have given ucts. The bill that 1s under consideration, if enacted into law, the value of the live stock of the United States as shown by the will amply and fully protect this great interest. No class of our report of the Secretary of Agriculture in 1895, which was the last citizens will profit more quickly or permanently by the enactment year of the Democratic Administration, and I have taken the one of this bill into law than the American farmers. from the other and find that the decrease in value aggregates the But, ~ir, this bill has not been prepared in the interest of any immense sum of six hundred and sixty-four million and some odd special class or any special industry. It is American in principle hundred thousand dollars. These are facts that the gentleman and as broad as the continent itself. It is intended to meet the can ascertain for himself upon inquiry. demands of the public by raising revenue sufficient to meet the Mr. SIMPSON of Kansas. But the gent1eman-- daily expenditures of the Government, and it is so framed as to M.r. HOPKINS. Mr. Chairman, I do not care to indulge in give new life and new energies to all of the great manufacturing any further remarks on this subject. These figures have been interests of the country. It is not intended as a radical measure. given from high authority, and I do not believe they can be ques­ The objects we had in view in framing this bill were, first, to tioned. raise sufficient revenue to meet the needs of the Government; Mr. SIMPSON of Kansas. Has there been any change in the second, by conservative action to restore to all of the interests of tariff duties on cattle since Mr. Harrison went out of power? the United States a fair protection, which has always been the Mr. HOPKINS. Yes, sir. policy of the Republican party. It is estimated by experts who Mr. SIMPSON of Kansas. What are they? have gone over the various schedules in the bill, that on the im­ Mr. HOPKINS. Oh, well, I will say to the gentleman that while portations of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1896, it will increase I can not undertake to run a kindergarten school at this time, I the revenue of the Government, over what is received under exist­ will furnish him ample material if he wants facts which will en­ ing law, $113,479,793. Even if our imports fall off somewhat from able him to know these things hereafter. [Laughter.] the estimate here made, the bill is sure to produce sufficient Mr. SIMPSON of Kansas. Well, I am seeking for information. revenue to meet our expenditures and still leave a surplus in the That is the reason I interrogated the gentleman. I ask, there~ ore, Treasury, as with restored prosperity and an increased business, what material change has been made in the tariff on cattle in the as we all trust will be experienced under its influence and opera­ period to which the gentleman refers? tion, the revenues will steadily increase until they reach the figures Mr. HOPKINS. If the gentleman will go to the room of the I have here given. This large increase in the revenues of the Committee on Ways and Means, I will furnish him with plenty of Government has not been taken from one schedule. You will matter to answer his inquiry and to satisfy his mind on this point; find upon examination of the bill, commencing with the chem­ Mr. SIMPSON of Kansa-s. Well, I would like to have it now. ical schedule and ending with sundries, Schedule N, that each Mr. GROSVENOR. If the gentleman wants exact information, schedule has been framed so as to yield an additional revenue. the tariff is 20 per cent ad valorem under the Wilsqn bill, which But this has been secured largely by a readjustment of the articles amounted to $1.50, on an average, per head, as against $10 per · and a change from ad valorem to specific duties. On a number head under the McKinley bill. Besides that, under the McKinley of schedules we have restored the McKinley rates, notably earths, law only a few scattering cattle were brought into the country earthenware, and glassware. The justification for this is found occasionally, while under the other-the Wilson tariff act-nearly in the history of these industries, which are destined to rival those 300,000 head came in in one single year. The gentleman from of any of the great manufacturing concerns of the world. The llliriois might suggest that to the gentleman from Kansas .in an­ metal and cotton schedules have been little changed from what swer to his question. they are under existing law. Wool has been placed back upon Mr. HOPKINS. Oh, the gentleman from Kansas knows that the dutiable list, and the woolen schedule of the McKinley law as well as anybody else. He simply wants to show himself. restored. Mr. OGDEN. Does the gentleman from illinois mean to say The farmers have been protected from unreasonable and unjust that this tremendous fall in the valu~ of the farm products of the importations of agricultural products from Canada, Mexico, and country and in cattle has been caused by the passage of the Wil­ other foreign countries. The greatest change, however, that can son tariff bill, and that there were no other causes, financial or be found in the bill is the substitution of specific rates for ad otherwise, which had any material effect in producing that result? valorem. The demand for this change comes not alone from Re­ Mr. HOPKINS. I will say to the gentleman that I take facts publicans. Honest Democrats and honest importers have unHed as !.find them. I find this statement in the Agricultural Report, with Republicans and all classes of manufacturers in asking the supplied by the Secretary of Agriculture. I see no reason to Ways and Means Committee to do away with the system of ad doubt the accuracy of the statement. valorem rates and restore specific duties, so that the system of Mr. OGDEN. His purpose was to prove the gold standard. undervaluation, by which the Government has been robbed of Mr. HOPKINS (continuing). I find that there has been an in­ millions of money, may be stopped, and honest importers placed crease in the value of the farm products during the one period. as on an equality with dishonest ones importing goods into this coun­ I have shown, and I find a remarkable decrease during the other try and placing them on our markets. period. Now, there must have been some underlying cause to What, however, in my judgment, will prove to be the chief produce that result. If the gentleman can find any other theory glory of the bill, if enacted into law, is the reciprocitJC.principla to explain the paralysis that has come upon the country and the that was made so prominent a part of the law of 1890. The reci­ depreciation in the value of aU farm products under the last Ad­ procity portion of this bill is framed on somewhat different lines ministration, he will undoubtedly have an opportunity to formu­ from that of the law of 1890. You will remember that under that late his ideas during the continuance of this general debate. law the President was authorized to enter into reciprocal agree­ Mr. HENDERSON. He might show that the Democratic party ments only when he became satisfied that the government of any has been "raising hell" all the time. [Laughter and applause on country or colony producing and exporting to the United States the Republican side.] certain articles that were then upon the free list imposeJ duties Mr. OGDEN. And you are trying to do it now by this bill. or exactions upon the products of the United States, which, in Mr. HENDERSON. We are trying to put our idle people in view of such free importations, he deemed to be unreasonable and the country to work. reciprocally unjust. In the present bill the principle of reci­ Mr. OGDEN. Give us money and we will give yon the work. procity has been enlarged and adapted to our commercial rela­ Do not try to tax the people to do it. tions with France, Germany, Belgium, and other European cotm­ Mr. HOPKINS. Mr. Chairman, I am pleased to have aroused tries, as well as Mexico and the Central and South American a little interest in my friends on the other side of the Chamber in States. It provides that for the purpose of equalizing the trade of favor of the American farmer, and trust they will study the sub­ the United States with foreign countries and their colonies, pro­ ject further and join with us in passing the bill now under con­ ducing and exporting to this country the articles named in the sideration; a bill that I trust and believe will restore a meed of reciprocity amendment, that the President be authorized, as soon 134 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSEo as may be after the pas~age of this act, and from time to time Mr. KERR. That i simply throwing off 8 per cent of the duty thereafter, to enter info negotiations with the govm~nments of impo. ed in this bill. Now, that iq the only conces ion you can those couptries exporting to the United States the articles men­ make to any country upon the sugar duty. tioned in the reciprocity portion of the bilf, or any of them, with Mr. HOPKINS. The gentleman evidently does not understand a view to the arrangement of commercial agreements in which the 92 per cent. The average on the sugar schedule, as given by reciprocal and equivalent concessions may be secured in favor of experts we have relied upon, and who I am sure are correct, is the products and manufactm~es of the United States; and it then a differential of more than one-eighth of 1 cent a pound. I am provides that when any such country producing any of the articles satisfied that that i!'l sufficient to reopen the Cuban market· but named shall enter into a commercial agreement which, in the if it is not, we have argol, which is a large product of SpaiU:; we opinion of the President, shall be reciprocal and equivalent, he ~ave wines and o~her Spanish prod~cts, which will readily shall be authorized to suspend during the time of such agreement mduce her to enter mto an agreement With us. That is the judg­ or concession, by proclamation to that effect, the imposition and ment of the men who have given the most attention to this, and collection of the duties mentioned in this act on such articles I fully concur in the opinion they hold. exported to the United States from the country named, and there­ l\Ir. KERR. Let me ask the gentleman another question. upon and thereafter the duties levied, collected, and paid upon Mr. HOPKINS. Yes. such article or articles shall be as is specified in the reciprocity l\Ir. KERR. On these articles the reduction is only about 25 portion of the bill, which is a lower rate than the one fixed as the per cent. That is, suppose you impose the duty fixed now in the regular duties to be collected. · bill, and under the reciprocity treaty you reduce the duty about We seek in authorizing the President to suspend the rates of 25 per cent. Tha~ is the conc~sion you offer to a foreign country, duty, and that thereupon and thereafter there shall be collected a and at the same time you ask m return a reduction of 75 per cent lower duty than the one specified in the bill, to make it an object in the duty they impose upon Ame1·ican flour. for countries producing the articles named in the first part of this Mr. HOPKINS. The gentleman misapprehends the entire scope reciprocity bill to enter into these reciprocal agreements, or make of this. It will average more than 25 per cent, but I will say to equivalent concessions in favor of the products of our farms and the gentleman that France, Germany, Russia, and other countries factories which enter their markets. Let me illustrate. We fur­ have this system of legislation that is outlined in the prBsent reci· nish for Germany to-day her largest market for beet sugar. :Mil­ procity feature of this bill. The differential in France averages lions of dollars' worth of this product, manufactured in Germany, just about 25 per cent, and the industrial records of that country is yearly consumed by American citizens. In framing this bill, show that under that differential she has been enabled to make in order to raise sufficient revenue to run the Government and commercial agreements with foreign countries of a very advan- meet all the expenditures that the Administration may be called tageous character. . upon to pay, we have imposed a certain rate of duty on sugar, 'fhe CHAIRMAN. The time of thegentlemanfTomlliinoishas commencing with 1 cent per pound on all sugars that will test 75° expired. by the polariscopic test, and increasing three one-hundredths of 1 Mr. BROSIDS. I ask unanimous consent that the gentleman cent on every additional degree until we reach 100' , and then adding from illinois be permitted t-o conclude his remarks. one-eighth of 1 cent per pound for refined sugar. Now, we have The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. provided in this reciprocity branch of the bill that only 92 per cent BROSIUS] asks unanimous consent that the gentleman hom Illi­ of this duty shall be collected from countries importing sugar nois have his time extended sufficiently to enable him to conclude here that enter into reciprocal agreements '\vith the United States, his remarks. Is there objection? and we believe that will be a sufficiBnt inducement to the German There was no objection. Government to reopen her markets for all of the products of our Mr. HOPKINS. I thank the gentleman from Pennsylvaniafo~ farms and factories. We, however, are not limited in the bill to his courtesy. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. sugar alone. There are other articles of German production, like WM. ALDEN S~ITH] has asked me how it is that we fixed a minimum champagne, and all sparkling wines, still wines, mineral water, rate instead of taking all the duty off. That is a reasonable ques· etc., that are produced and shipped in large quantities from that tion, and one that I am glad ho has called to my attention. Under counh·y to this. They will all have a lower rate of duty under the the law of 1890 the reciprocity featlue of the bill simply related to conditions I have indicated than would otherwise be required. It the products that were upon the free list, such as sugar, coffee, hides, is hoped on the part of the members of the Ways and Means Com-· etc., and that law authorized the President, whenever he found there mittee that the inducements we have placed in this bill will be were unjust discriminations or unreasonable exactions placed upon sufficiently strong to cause the German Government to enter into the products of our country entering the ports of foreign countries the most friendly commercial agreements with the United States producing these articles, that he should have the privilege, by proc­ and peTmit again our cattle, sheep, and hogs to be sold freely in lamation, of taking these articles from the f1·ee list and putting her markets. We trust it will be sufficient to again create a them upon the dutiable list at rates provided for in the bill. U n­ demand for our wheat and flour and other cereals raised on our der the bill now being considered, we have changed the policy farms. somewhat. We have arranged it so that if we enter into a com· Mr. KERR. If the gentleman will allow me to interrupt him mercial agreement with such countries as Germany, France, Bel· while he is speaking of the reciprocity provision of the bill, I gium, or Spain, we simply lower the rate of duty in the bill to the should like to ask him at what rate of duty can American flour figures presented in the reciprocity part of it. The reason for be sent to Cuba? that is this: Sugar il3 to become one of the great products of this Mr. HOPKINS. I will comB to that a little later. country. The investigation made by our committee has led every Mr. KERR. I should like to ask the gentleman a question in member of it to believe that under a proper protective duty we that connection. I understand that the present rate of duty on can produce in the United States all the sugar that will be con­ flour imposed by the Spanish Government is about 84.16 a barrel. sumed here as well as we can produce the cotton cloth worn by Under the 1\IcKinley reciprocity arrangement we got it in at a our people and the woolen garments, the boots and shoes, or any· duty of about 60 cents a barrel. thing else manufactured in the United States. We stand for pro­ Mr. HOPKINS. Eighty-eight cents a barreL tection first and foremost, aml we desire to couple with that the Mr. KERR. The gentleman knows a great deal more about principle of opening foreign markets for our goods; but the gen­ the subject than I do, but I understand that you can not get flour tleman can see that it would not do at all to take ali the duty nom in there at less than S1 or $1.50 a barrel; that is, that the duty sugar, because if we dicl Germany would furnish us all the sugar ought to be mme than that. Now, I ask the gentleman whether that would bo consumed here, and would destroy the industry in he expects the Spanish Government will surrender three or four . this country. We must have a maximum and a minimum rate dollars a barrel upon fiour in order to get the one-eighth per cont on all articles manufactUI·ed ancl produced in this country. taken off ·the sugar duty? That is all the concession which I Mr. KERR. I want to get information from the gentleman. understand is proposed on sugar. In other words, does the gen­ Suppose you make the duty 'i3 per cent of the present duty, llow tleman expect the Spanish Government to give up 83 a barrel much would that reduce the revenue that you expect from sugar upon fiour for the purpo e of getting so slight a reduction upon under the principle of reciprocity? sugar? Mr. HOPKINS. About $13,000,000 or $14,000,000. Mr. HOPKINS. The one-eighth per cent differential was the Mr. KERR. That is, a reduction of the revenue of $13,000,000 figm·e taken after matm·e deliberation on the part of the Ways to $14,000,000? and Mean Committee, and after we had consulted with eminent Mr. HOPKINS. France is another country that should hold authority. The gentleman knows, if he is familiar with the .:tate the closest and most friendly relations with the United States. of affairs which existed between Cuba, Spain, and the United We buy large quantities of silks, laces, wines, and other products States, under the reciprocity feature of the law of 1890, what from France, and there is no rea on.why she should not open her splendid results were accomplished. markets to the surplus prodn<~ ts of our farms ancl factories, as we Mr. KERR. The gentleman misapprehends me entirely. I do · do to her products. But unfortunately, Mr. Chairman, for the not mean the differential duty, but I mean the power given to the Ameican people, since the repeal of the reciprocity features of President to reduce the duty to 92 per cent of the present duty. the McKinley law the markets of both these countries, Germany Mr. HOPKINS. Yes. and France, have been practically closed to American products. 1897 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 135

.And what is true of them is true of Belgium and Denmark ..and my judgment, has made reciprocity a permanent feature of our aJ.l of northern Europe. We have reached a point in our indus­ tariff legislation. No political party hereafter in the revision of trial and agricultural development where, in order to further the the tariff will ever ignore this principle or repeal its p1·ovisions. continued success and prosperity of our people, we must have our It will be extended from time to time, until it will comprehend the full share of tLe foreign trade of all the groa-t countrie~, not only whole subject of our taTiff laws. in Europe, but in Central and South America. We can not ac­ In the hearings had before our Committee on Ways and Means, coml)lish this in any other manner, in my judgment, than under relative to this subject, a vast amount of testimony was taken the principles of reciprocity. The old idea that a trade means that from all cla-sses of American citizens and those engaged in all kinds one party shall gain at the ex:pen.se of the other has long since of trade and business, and the almostlmiversal judgment was that been exploded. The enlightened sentiment of this century has it should be reenacted in the present revision of the tariff laws taught commercial people, as well as aU other classes, that commer­ and its principles be extended so as to still further enlarge the for­ cial transactions can be had that will be mutually beneficial to eign markets for the.surplus products of our farms and manufac­ those concerned in the same. I know that originally, in some tories. I have not the time to quote from all of them in extenso, quarters, a prejudice existed against this kind of legislation, but but I desire to call attention to the deep interest that has been I believe that the principle of recipl'Ocity is in perfect harmony taken by the American Millers' Association, which represents, in with the doctrine of protection. Reciprocity is scientific protec­ fact, all of the flouring mills in the United States. This interest, tion. and is adapted to our improved commercial conditions and as the members of the House are well aware, is the largest manu­ civilization. It is a principle that to-day is recognized in the laws facturing interest in the United States. In 1890 the mills of the of France, Germany, Russia, and other .European co1mtries. lt United States paid $4:32,150,292 for material, and the total product has been found to work admirably in those countries. It has of that year of these mills aggregated 8573,971,474, which was given them the control of the markets of the world on many of S83,000,000 more than the total value of the iron and steel output the articles specified in these commercial or reciprocal agreements. in the United States, 8110,000,000 more than lumber, 8246,000,000 The United States, upto1890,pursuedadi.fferentpolicy. What­ more than the cotton-goods industry, and $380,000,000 more tha.n the fVer we could not successfully produce in this· country, from cli­ value of the output of the woolen mills. Thereare18,470flouring :p:Iatic or other conditions, was placed upon the free list, and no mills in the United States. They are scattered over the entire concessions were asked on the importation in our markets of any country and. in almost every Congressional district in every State of snch products. This has cost the people of this country millions in the Union. The milling industry was emphatic in asking for of dollars, not only millions of dollars on imported products, but the legislation that is provided for in this bill. I quote the fol­ it has curtailed our foreign market until to-day we find countries lowing f1·om an editorial in one of the leading papers devoted to that from geographical situation ought to be our political and this great American interest: industrial allies seek their market not here but in dist.ant coun­ The effect of the reciprocity arrangements refu1Ted to was favorable in tries in Europe and in the Orient. Let me give you one illustrar the highest degre~ to th~ foreig~ commerce of ~he United .StatE:s, and espe­ cially to that portion of 1t contnbuted by the millers. ReCiprocity met with tion to show the folly of the policy that has prevailed in this coun­ the hearty approval of all millers, irrespective of party. It was regarde-d as try in the past on the paTt of both advocates·of protection and free the most mtelli~ent aid to our foreign trade ever given it, asacommon·sense, trade. There lies to the south of us the Republic of Brazil, a coun­ businesslike policy, based on principles which were without question sound logical, and thoroughly good. Practical experience under its provisions: try second only to the United States in area and population in the made by practical business men, increased the favorable sentiment which its Western Hemi phere, a country that is destined to rank in the inauguration awoke. By its means our export trade in flour found new future with the great commercial nations of the world. The chief fields in which to expand and de\'"elop, and an enterprising and aggre-ssive exportations from Brazil are coffee, sugar, hides, india rubber, spirit was gradually extending our exports into countries hitherto unknown to t~s. The milling industry had just begun to appreciate and profit by the gutta-percha, and like articles. At the close of the war we had a reCiprocal arrangements when, by an utterly useless and seemingly unrea­ duty of 3 cents per pound on coffee, a duty on hides, india rubber, sonable move, Congress completely destroyed them. The effect of their repeal was extremely bad. It was a blow at our com­ and all these articles. Brazil was seeking to obtain more favor­ merce-unexpected, unnecessary, and ill advised. It rer:;ulted in a serious able conditions in our markets. Instead of applying the principle loss of foreign trade, with no apparent gain from any quarter. of reciprocity that is embodied in this bill and compelling that It is both expedient and adV1sable to apply the principle of reciprocity to future tariff legislation. This idea meets with the approval of millers gen­ country to permit the products of om· farms and factories t-o enter erally, without reference to party. They regard it as a common-sense and hel' markets under more favorable conditions than they were re­ busine ·slike settlement of the tarift' question, the true principle upon which ceived before lowering or taking off any of these duties, our legis­ our tradewithforeigncountriesshould be conducted. A ~Emerallaw authoriz­ lators recklessly threw away this market by placing all these Bra­ ing the President to negotiate reciprocity treaties with foreign nations as far as possible, and as soon as possible, would, in our opinion, be of immense ad­ zilian products upon the free liRt and allowing them to come here vantage to our export trade and of vast benefit to our country generally. without paying any duty whatever. Much can be accomplished by diplomatic negotiations in extending our ex­ In the last thirty years of trade between this country and Bra­ p_ort trade. Countries now closed t9 u.s by prohibitory tariffs could unques­ tiOnably ba opened by such negot1atwns. At present, as far as American zil more than 31 ,500, 000,000 worth of products of that country have flour is concerned, we have pushed our trade, industriously and with enter­ been sold in the markets of the United States, and during the same prise and vigor, in every land from which we are not barred by tariffs so period her people have taken from the people of the United States high as to be practically prohibitory. Many markets opened to us by reci­ procity have become closed by its repeal. 'l'hese might easily be recovered only about 8250,000,000 worth of our products, including mer­ by intelligent negotiation. chandise of all kinds, thus leaving S1,250,000,000, which has been paid in gold or its equivalent, to settle this balance of trade. To show you that the beneficial results of reciprocity are not Under existing laws all the products of our farms and factories confined alone to the milling industry, I quote the following from and merchandise of all kinds that are shipped to Brazil pay a heavy a statement of the general manager of the illinois Consolidated duty before they are admitted to her ports, while more than 92 Wire and Steel Company: Referring to the question of advantages to American manufacturers under per cent of the products of Brazil ex:po1·ted to this country come the reciprocity treaties, we could say that from the time these treaties were in free of duty. Why should not Brazil come to the United States put into effect with the Latin-American countries, and until their termina­ for the flour and wheat and other products consumed by her peo­ tion. ourtra?ein ~a~·b wire with: those co~ntries in.crea.c;ed rapidly and uni­ formly, and m addition to trade m barb Wire, we were able for the first time ple instead of going to Europe or the Argentine Republic? If in the history of our company, which covers more than eighteen years, to coffee, hides, india rubber, etc., exported by her find a better introduce, to a certain extent, plain wire and wire nails, and everything indi­ market here than in Europe or any of the SouthAmeJlican Repub­ cated a continued expansion of the volume of our business had the condi­ lics, why should not trade relations be established between the tions remained the same. As soon, however, as these treaties were abrogated by the ~dopti?n ~Y the United States of another tariff law, our h·ade with the two countries whereby concessions will be granted to farmers and countr.Ies :v~ch 1t a~ected became practically nothlng. A similar condition producers of this country so as to give them a better market there of affmrs, It 1s true, m a ~reater or less de&'ree, resulted with all other coun­ for their surplus produce thall" is now accorded to them under tries with which the Un.1ted ~tates hn:d srmilar arrangements. In general, we may say that the ree1promty treaties were absolutely and unqualHiedly existing laws. As long as the Government of the Unit.ed States of great advantage to American manufacturers, and we would be very glad in­ throws open the markets of this country to Brazil and submits to deed, to see either the same or similar ones reinstated, because under no other the imposition of the high rates of customs duties which are im­ known set of conditions can American manufacturers pay American prices for labor and material and successfully compete with foreign manufac­ posed upon products from this country shipped there and then turers. consents to her people going to Europe to buy most of the prod­ Hon. S. W.Allerton, representing the live-stock industry of the ucts they need, we will find the people of Brazil will consult theiT United States, in speaking on this subject, said: own convenience and profit; but if it is once established that trade Reciprocity enabled us to work off our surplus meat and find a ready mar­ mu t be reciprocal, and that coffee, hides, etc., will not be per­ ket for om• live stock. Under it our shipments abroad were much lat'ger than mitted to enter the markets of this country free unless cqncessions they are now. They were distributed under it through France, Germany, are extended to the farm and other products of this country that Belgium, Sweden, and Norway. are shipped to Brazil, a recip1·ocal agreement will be readily en­ The representatives of the live-stock industry who appeared tered into between the two countries which will be mutually ben­ before our committee were most emphatic in favoring th_e resto­ eficial. ration of the p1·inciple of reciprocity in the future legislation of The beneficial results of reciprocity upon our commerce is no the country, and expressed themselves as looking upon it as the longer in doubt. While the law of 1890 was limited in its scope, one hope for securing better conditions abroad for the sale of the the beneficial results received under the commercial agreements live stock produced in the United States. When Grover Cleve­ n egotiated under it fully justified the faith of its· authors and, in land took the oath of office as President of the United Stat.es, 136 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. ~iARCH 22,

March 4, 1893, there were reciprocal agreements in existence be­ fran'cs. Since the repeal of the McKinley law and the abrogation tween the United States and the following countries: of our agree:r;nent with Brazil France and England have regained all they lost m the way.of exports to that country and the United Country. Date treaty was pro­ States ~as lost prac.tically .all that was gained during the period claimed. ~he reCJprocal relations existed between these countries. Enough 18 he~e shown to demonstrate to every canclid mind that the policy German Empire ______------____ ------._ ___ _ February 1, 1892. of thiS Government hereafter should be establish with all com­ H0nduras ______------______------______April 30, 1892. . to Great Britain_------·- ____ ------_------February 1,1892. mercial countries of the world such reciprocal agreements. Santo Domingo ______------August 1, 1891. All of the reciprocal agreements which I have heretofore men­ Salvador_------____ ------_------____ ------December 27, 18D2. tione<;I w~re destroyed by the ~·epeal of the McKinley law and the Nicaragua ______------Marcb 12, 1892. Cuba and Puerto Rico ______------July 31, 1891. substltutwn of om· present tariff law. In every instance statistics May 26, 1892. show that the abrogation of these commercial treaties have worked ~~;~~-~-~~~-~~:'-: ::::: ::::::_-_-_-::::::::::::::::::::::::: February 5, 1891. disastrously to our foreign trade. Protests were made by Ger­ Guatemala ------______------______May 18, 1892. many and Austria and all of the Central and South American States with whom we had these agreements. These prote.:sts were I can not consume the time of the House by taking up each of unheeded by the last Democratic Administration. The3e foreign these agreements and showing by statistics the exact benefits Governments received but slight consideration at the hands of the that accrued to the American people from their successful nego­ th~n ~ecre~ry of St~te, who was not in sympathy with this great tiation. I desire, however, to illustrate this position by consider­ prmCiple of mternational trade. The result is that discriminations ing a few of the more prominent countries. I have ah;eady re­ have been made by practically all of these countries against our ferred to our important commercial relations with Germany. surplus products. To-day the most severe and unrea.·onable re­ Germany and Austria entered into reciprocal agreements with strictions are establish~d in G:ermany, France, and Belgium, and the United States, under which, in consideration of the free ad­ other European countr1es agamst all of our agricultural products. mission of their beet sugar into this country, the agricultural It is practically impossible to get any of our hogs, cattle sheep Ol' products of the United States were admitted into those countries at other live stock into the German markets, and our flour'trade has largely reduced rates of duty. The discriminations in favor of the been absolutely ruined in that country, France, and in all of United States amounted to 35 per cent on wheat, rye, hops, flour, northern Europe. and other mill products; 37t per cent on oats; 33t per cent on These markets will remain closed until this bill becomes a law game; 20 per cent on corn and lumber; 25 per cent on pulse, tim­ ~nd our _Prese~t Chief E.xecutive is c~othecl wi~h the authority that ber, and fresh meat; 15 per cent on pork and butter, and corre­ IS contamed m the reciprocity port10n of th1s bill to enter into sponding 1·ates on other articles. These ra"tes were such as to negotiations with all these countries ar:d exact from them even­ greatly increase our trade with Germany and Austria. The re­ handed just~ce. Fort~na_tely for the people of om· country, we strictions and limitations that had been placed upon our trade, have a P!es1dent who IS m perfect harmony with the principle especially on our hogs and cattle and other live stock for years upon which we urge favorable consideration of this bill. He prior to this agreement, were removed, and the American hog stands ready and willing to use the power that is contained in this took in Germany the proud position that he has maintained so measure to aid the farmers of the United States in again obtaining long in this country. Our wheat and flour trade increased in a control of the markets of France, Germany, Belgium and Den- corresponuing manner. To show you how rapidly our trade with mark, and other countries of northern Em·ope. ' Germany improved under these reciprocal agreements, I desire to M~xico ~nd all th~ 9entral a~d Soutp. Ame!·ican States, on eveTy call your attention to the item of flour alone. In 1891 our ship­ consideration of political and mdustnal pohcy, should be in per­ ments to Germany of flour aggregated 8,864 barrels. Iu 1893 it fect harmony with us on this principle of reciprocity. The mar­ had increased to 209,719 barrels; in 1894, to 286,229 barrels. ket that we furnish all of these countries for their nroducts is Our flour trade in France shows quite as great an increase. In greater and more remunerative than the markets of any other 1802 we exported to France 210,402 barrels of flour, valued at countryin the world. Their institutions, many of them, are mod­ $1,178,474. eled after our constitutional form of government, and t.hejr people When the McKinley law was repealed, no provision was made look to us for ~dance and assista!!ce. The most friendly feeling by the Democratic party, then in power, to continue these favor­ should be cult1vated between Amencans and all of these countries. able commercial agreements with France and Germany to which I hope the time is not far distant when the great international I have alluded. Mark the result. We sold 30,000 barrels of railway that was advocated by our great Secretary of State, James flour less in Germany the first yea1· after this reciprocity feature G. Blaine, will become an accomplished fact and these countries was repealed. American millers say that France, Belgium, and south of 1?-S united, not only ~Y w~ter transportation, as they are Germany, since the abrogation of these treaties, have put pro­ now, but m a manner that will umte and cement them into a rela­ hibitory duties on American flour. This is quite evident in France, ·tion as close, in a commercial way, as the several States hold with because the moment our agreement with France was destroyed each ?ther. This bill furnis~es a splendid opportunity to the by the repeal of the McKinley law, our exports in 1895 dropped Amencan people to enlarge therr commerce and extend their trade from the figures I have just given to 1,102 barrels, yalued at with all of these countries. $4.175. As Rep~blicans we have a great opportunity to demonstrate to Our trade with Cuba, under the 1·eciprocal agreement nego­ the Amencan people the wisdom of this legislation and 1·estore tiated by our minister, Mr. Foster, with Spain, shows a wonder­ that degree of prosperity for which all classes of our citizens are ful increase. In 1891 we sold Cuba 114,441 barrels of flour; in hoping and praying. Our country has a grand future. In extent 1892, under this reciprocal agreement I have just mentioned, the of_ territory, in diversity of climate, in richness of our soil, and in trade increased to 366,175 barrels; in 1893 it had increased to the m~eral r~source~we _ ~urpass every <_!Ountrythateverexisted. By enormous figures of 6-16.406 barrels, and in 1894 to 662,248 barrels. Wise aJ?-d JUSt legislat10n we shall give the people an opportunity This shows an increase in trade of 480 per cent during the period that wjll be unsurpassed for the development, improvement, and this reciprocal agreement was in force. Under that agreement extensiOn of our trade and commerce. American flour entered Cuban ports at a duty of 88 cents per bar­ The measure we have under consideration to-day embodies in rel. The moment the Democratic party repealed the McKinley principle the best features of all the various tariff laws that have law and destroyed this commercial agreement with Spain, Spain :preceded it.in the ~istory of ou: country. _It is a .measure, in my put a duty of $4.16 per barrel on flour, which in that ma-rket is Judgment, 1f speedily enacted mto law, will avoid the necessity practically prohibitive, and the result is that our market there for another issue of bonds to pay the daily expenses of the Gov­ has been ruined. ernment. It will check the flow of gold from this country to Eu­ A reciprocal agreement was negotiated by Mr. Blaine on behalf rope. ~t ~ill pu~ th~ money that is now locked in the safe-deposit of the Government of the United States with Brazil under author­ vaults m crrculation mall the channels of trade. It will give em­ ity contained in the law of 1890. The testimony taken before our ployment to labor. It will start anew the busy hum of industries Committee on Ways and Means shows a marked growth under that and will bring a degree of happiness and prosperity to the people agreement in our trade with that country. American flour was re­ of this country which has been unknown in recent years. [Pro­ ceived there under conditions that practically gave the control of longed applause on the Republican side.] the markets to Americans, and all other farm produce found a ready MESSAGE FROM THE SENA.TE. market there. Both England and France felt the effects of our in­ The committee informally rose; and :Mr. PA.RKER of New Jer­ creased trade under this reciprocal agreement. The exports of Great sey having taken the chair as Speaker pro tempore, a message Britain to Brazil in 1801 were $41,450,195. In 1894, when there­ from the Senate, by Mr. PL.A.TT, one of its clerks, announced th~t ciprocal agreement between the United States and Brazil was in the Senate had passed without amendment joint resolutions of tlie operation, the exports of G1·eat Britain to that country dropped following titles: to $37,629,930. Joint :es.olution (H .. Re.:~. 32) making immediately available the The exports from France to Brazil show a more marked decrease approl?natwns for mileage and stationery of Senators, Repre­ than those of England. In 1891 French exports to Brazil amounted sent~tives, and Delegates of the House of Representatives; and to 102,934,876 francs. In 1894 this trade had dropped to 33,612,072 Jomt resolution (H. Res. 33) making immediately available 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 137

appropriations for the payment of session employees of tlie House years to arrange reciprocity with England when she was operat­ of Representatives during the first session of the Fifty-fifth Con­ mg under the protective system. We had reciprocal relations gress. with Canada from 1854 to 1866. But that was reciprocity indeed. THE TARIFF, I want to know whether our friends on the other side want rec· The committee resumed its session. iproci~y now, or is this principle to be perverted for the purpose Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, the man who wrote probably the best of lettmg some sugar monopoly of Cuba or Hawaii get their sugar history of the tariff in this ~ountry announced that it was impos­ into this counti·y for the benefit of the monopoly? it may be that sible for him to rely upon information received from the high­ we shall have to wait to see what this reciprocity means. tariff people, and that it was equally impossible for him to rely Now, I wish to say this: With but few important and distinct upon the information received from the free-trade people, because exceptions, such as some raw materials and specific instead of ad of the fact that every time something occurred that was for the valorem duty in part, and ignoring the income tax, there is no benefit of mankind when the tariff was hi~h the extreme hi¥h· more difference between the Gorman-Wilson bill in principle and tariff men said that the tariff had caused 1t; while if anythmg this bill than there is between tweedledee and tweedledum. And disastrous occurred in the same period, the free traders always the changes are in the main against the struggling masses. Let said that the evil was caused by the high tariff. Therefore this us see about this. For the income tax, provided by the Wilson· writer said he had to pass by the politicians and the stump speakers Gorman bill in order to lighten the burden of the poor and require and the men in Congress who argued these questions. the rich to contribute to the protection of their own property, is Mr. Chairman, have we not had on this occasion a clear illus­ substituted in this bill a tax on every pound of sugar and on every tration of the wisdom of this gentleman's conclusion? It seems to stick of lumber and every sack of salt-upon everything that is me that the principles upon which tariff legislation is based have consumed. The Wilson-Gorman bill adhered to the ad valorem hardly been touched upon. What we have had has been either system in part-as much as possible-fixing a given per cent of eulogy of what occurred under a high tariff or eulogy of what duty on the value of each article, which largely inured to the btme­ occurred under a low tariff, without regard to the principles in­ fit of the poor. A specific duty with an assumed minimum cost volved. usually grinds most heavily on the poor. Now, I desire for a little time the attention of the House, not as By the tariff act of 1816 a specific duty of 25 per cent was laid a high-tariff advocate and not as a low-ta.riff advocate, but as one upon cotton goods. And, by the way, that duty was changed who desires to consider existing conditions and the tendencies of twice, and in each case the change was to make the duty higher. the times. In doing this I may be somewhat tedious, but I ask The minimum cost was fixed at 25 cents on the yard. The cotton gentlemen to follow me. cloth used by the poor soon fell to 8 cents a yard, but upon the The Populist party, of which I am a member, has taken no de­ assumption that it was still worth 25 cents a yard, the peonle who cided stand upon the tariff as a whole, because it never has believed wore 8-cent cloth paid 75 per cent duty, while the opulent who that the tariff was in fact the seat of all our difficulties. Never­ could use 25-cent cloth or even higher grades paid only 25 per theless, I think it can be safely stated that all Populists believe cent duty. That was the effect of the act of 1816, and such ha~ that while the Government raises its principal revenues by im­ been the abuse under the woolen schedule and every other schedule port duties, those duties should be spread over all of our industries in our tariff bills. in such a manner as to benefit our home products, if that can be Now, let us see what there is in common between these two done, without discrimination against any section of the country, bills. They both seek to raise the necessary expenses of operating without discrimination against anything that is called raw mate­ the Government by import duties and internal-revenue taxation. rial or anything that is called finished product. They both have in view incidental protection-! do not care by The Populist party further believes that no tariff bill is fair, what name yon call it. It is unfortunate that partisanshin and and that the system is unfair, unless you incorporate with it a the general dissemination of partisan misinformation for~ cam­ graduated income tax which provides for the wealth of the country paign purposes have so misled voters that after nearly a century paying something for the advantages it receives. [Applause.] of experience with the protective system the people know but little Our customs duties are amply sufficient to furnish a basis of such a bont the real difference between the two parties on this overwhelm· protection, and more than is necessary to preserve our wage scale ing issue. As I have said, the issue between the Wilson-Gorman if they could be equally distributed, and I take it that the war bill and this bill is largely an issue of schedules, neither party that is made upon the tariff is not a war upon the system itself, contendingfor a duty on a few lucrative revenue items like tea and but is directed against the pernicious system of giving protection coffee which we can not produce and must import-such duties to one industry or to one community and making other industries as England imposes, accompanied by general free trade between and other communities go without protection. Look at the tariff competitive articles. We have never had such a revenue act, in any part you please, and you will find that its effect is largely especially since 1816. OP And that is the distinction between a free­ to give to the densely populated parts of the country along the trade system a.nd a protective system coast the advantages of protection on their finished product3 Now, let us make an application to one of the items in this bill. wh:ile leaving the producers of the so-called "raw materials" in We observe that there is a tariff laid on carpet wool; and the gen· the interior territory without protection, thus throwing them into tleman from 1\faine [Mr. DL~GLEY] says that it is a purely reve­ competition with the whole world. nue duty, because we do not produce that particular class of wool. But our friends upon the other side say that they levy a tariff for That is free trade pro tanto by the Republican party. Now, if we the benefit of the wage workers. I say to you that any tariff bill, lay a duty of, say, 3 cents a pound on carpet wool (and that is about I care not from whom it comes, that does not contain a provi~ion the amount in this bill) or on other articles which we do not pro­ for prohibiting the free inflow of immigration from foreign coun­ duce and are obliged to import, then we simply pay the Govern· tries is oblivious of the rights of labor and is opposed to the inter- ment 3 cents by way of tax on each pound that we consume. est of all wage workers. [Applause.] . That is all there is of it. In that light the duty is a revenue duty. Now, Mr. Chairman, let us look at this tariff question without If we impose 35 cents a yard on every piece of broadcloth imported, losing ourselves in discussions of what the Democrats have done this being a competitive article, it enables the horne manufacturers or what the Republicans have done. If we follow blindly in the to push the price up 35 cents above that of foreign countries. If footsteps of our friend from illinois who has just taken his seat this additional 35 cents to the foreign article prevents importation, rMr. HOPKINS), we shaH think that the population of this country, then we buy the home product-usually at the increased price­ the births and the deaths, all stop when the Republican party goes and tbe man who makes the A.merican cloth, not the Government, out of power. [Laughter.] Let us look at the facts. The tariff gets the increased price, while the Government gets no revenue. question has been greatly obscured by the professional politician However, if the foreign goods come in notwithstanding the duty, and the stump speaker calling a tariff on imports, when made into then the Government gets the 35 cents; but we buy the foreign law by the Republican party, a '' protective" tariff, and calling the product, and the ta,riff does not protect the home manufacturer. same tariff, when enacted by the Democratic party, a "free­ If we did not buy it, the article would not come in. trade" tariff, or ''a tariff for revenue, with incidental protection," In this case of carpet wool, the gentleman from Maine says that which is the same thing under a different name. Then when the this is a mere revenue item; in other words, with respect to that Democrats put an article on the free list the Republican party item the free-trade principle is adopted. Bat the woolgrower of shouts "Democratic free trade!" while at the same time, when the interior will take it as a mm·e convenient device by which to the Repnblican wants to put it on the free list, he has a little let in most of the competitive wools under the name of" carpet scheme which he calls ''reciprocity, "but which is simple free wools,"inorder that the great woolen mills may have approx·mate trade in its most cunning form, under another name, under which free wool as heretofore. I think that is an apparent difference the Republicans sometimes even bribe other countries to join in largely between the Wilson-Gorman bill and this bill. free trade with us. [La·nghter.) The difficulty is not so much in the theory of our protective Our friends talk as if they had just discovered reciprocity. system as in its flagrant abuse and the influence of great aggrega~ Why, sir, it has been a principle of every political party. It is as tions of capital and favored industries. Protection is always old as the first tariff act. We had reciprocity with France in 1778, asked in the interest of others. Now, observe how it is asked in "based solely upon reciprocal utility and the advantages of mutual behalf of the poor laboring man-just enough to cover the differ­ commerce and just rules of intercourse." John Adams tried for ence between the European scale of wages and our own. What 138 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 22, I hypocrisy! Who ever heard of the laboring man getting rich Decemberand~ in•January 17isnowthe price atwhichworksEastand manufacturing? The statisticians clearly figured from the census West are seeking orders. And further- of 1880 that about 6 per cent on our dutiable list would cover the Says the report- difference betwe~n the European wage sched~le and ours, or that tb:e Carnegie Company has been sellinoo at $17, Chic.'lgo delivery. These sale~ a.bont 18 per cenu. ad valorem covered the entire labor cost of om· Wlll empl~y many thousand h.ands with an important decrease in the cost of hst of 1880. While the manufacturer then asked for the poor track laymg on ~enewal of ra1h·oads. laborer his 6 per cent, he got for himself at the hands of Congress ~ow, my fnends, let me ask you, was it the rising or lowering six times 6 per cent. price that emJ?lo~ed these thousands of men? Our friend Mr. Now, Mr. Chairman, that is one of the objections to the pro- HOPKINS of Ipmms tells o~ the benefits of a higher duty on iron tective system. Under the most favorable application of it there and steel. D1d tJ:.esteel-r~:t..il pool need more tariff? Ah, my friends never has been a question in the minds of statesmen or economists have not the tanff and d~honest money mllying cry been used a~ as to the innate injustice and inequality of a protective import a mask merel.y, under w~ch the great trusts of this country have ~riff tax; but it has bee~ adopted generally because of the facil- been plu_ndermg t~e pub_lic? (Applause on the Democratic side.] 1ty of the methods of gettmg adequate revenue into the Treasury The Pittsburg Times, m speaking of these commercial reports with a nominal cost for collection, and because the tax is hidden says: ' from the party paying it and silences his complaint. ';l'h~yare.~ll of e1,1couragement. The amount of exchaugein nearlyu.ll the In fact, the fear of Federal taxation in this regard threatened :~~al cities has mcreased. Thousands of men have been gi>en employ- the very consummation of the Union. John Fisk, the author of a splendid work upon Civil Government, which is used a.s a text­ '\Vhy? Beeause of :McKinley's election? No. Because of the book in many of the schools of the country, including those of prospect of the passage of this bill? No. Why?- Throu~h the impetus given in the iron n.nd stoel business by the breaking this city, has referred to this.subject. See what he says about the of the ra1l pool; and the effect on general trade which this movement was introduction of this system of taxation: bound to produce is already being felt. A chief source of opposition to the new Federal Government was a dread of Federal taxation. * * * With people in such a mood it was necessary The breaking of one gigantic trust did what the election of to proceed cautiously. * * * When the tax is wrapped up in the extra 50 McKinley and the restoration of confidence could not 1io. and ~t~oa.~dt~~tail~~h~;.~~oth, it is so effectually hidden that most people do more than the prospect of any reformation of the tariff did do Why not break all of the other trusts and thus start all the mills? Further on the same author says: [Applause on the Democratic side.] Direct taxation bears most heavily upon the wealthy people, while the tariff bears most heavily on the poor; and however it may be with the very rich That is the condition the great manufacturers do not want. people, it is probable that the poor and those of moderate means pay out much They stop rather than start mills under the present trust system. larger sums each year on account of tariff than on account of their direct Senator L.exow's c.ommittee has just shown that the great trusts taxes. that dommate th1s counh·y have made extortionate profits on . The State, county, and municipal taxes are assessed on the indi­ their r~al investments, while indivi~uals languished in poverty VIdual's property, the tariff on what he buys; the former on what and rum all .around the~.. They did th~s by shutting down a he has, the latter on what he has not but has to purchase, and the number of mills. The raismg of the tanff will enable them to tariff is added to the selling price for him to pay. shut down more mi).ls. At a meetinz in New York a few days Fmther on the same author says-and you will remember that ago .fo~· the relief of the poor,. John T. McDonough, of the labor when the original tax law was framed they put a heavy tariff on statistics bureau of Albany, sa1d among other things: whisky and on tobacco, because they thought they might expose Last night I listened to the story of mor e than fifty women, each under them to the view of the public, and say that these are luxuries, and oat~, o.f such P.overtJ: and degradation as would not enable them to live as that those who chew tobacco and drink whisky should be made ChriStians, while the1r employers .vere amassing great fortunes. to pay for the luxuries whieh they crave-this same author says: He says further: 'i'hiR excise being a tax which the people could see and feel, was very IS it any wondor .that the masses. cry out when they look into their empty unpopular; and in 1794 the opposition to it in western Pennsyl>ania grew coal boxes and realize that the actwn of four or five railway presidents can into the famous whisky insurrection, against which President Washington raise the !!rice o~

1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 139 establishing six new States in the far West, thus making the would bring manufacturers here from every other country, and prosperity of this period an abnormal one, which will never occur they would make the competition so great that there would be again upon the American continent, and that everybody that overproduction, and there would be ''lockouts" and ''shutdowns," expects it will be chasing a rainbow"? just as we have them now. At that time the trust piracy had not This is what they are saying now. This is the apology; this is invaded this land. For forty years after this Government was­ the escape from their confusion. I want to say that it is remark­ organized, until1816, we ran on free-trade lines, and every time it able that it is just dawning ou the Eastern people that they killed was proposed to raise tho tariff the laboring men and those who the goose that laid the golden egg when they destroyed the indus­ were with them said, "No, don't do it; because if you do you will tries of these six States that they were planting and making this have to cut down wages in order to compete with other countries." phenomenal prosperity. [Loud applause.] It is also sad to see And in fact, with practical free trade in this country wages were these bright stars you planted in the West now repudiating your 100 per cent higher than they were in mother England with a party. high protective system. It was not until 1840 that any serious Now, this man has stated it correctly; and when our friend argument was made coupling high tariff and high wages. comes forward to tell us how the railroad business has fallen off, 1\ir. Taussig says the idea was mentioned in the thirties once just let us remind him that the great mining portion of the West, or twice, but high tariff and high wages were never made an issue when they were permitted to mine, kept every factory in New until1840, and the contrary view prevailed up to that time. England moving, kept every railroad moving, and there is not in John Bright said that "wages in England had incl'eased 40 per all history anything that consumes so much piping, that con­ cent since the system of free trade was introduced there in 1846." sumes so many engines, so much hardware, that consumes so Wages in England have increased 100 per cent during this century. much material, as silver mining in the great rugged Rocky Moun­ Adam Smith said that wages in the United States when we had tains. where the miners have to take it up on the backs of buiTos; free trade were 100 per cent higher than in England at the same and when they use them a short season they are hardly worth time and when England had the high }Jrotective tariff system. can-ying down. This made a stream of business everywhere, and Is there any reason why a high tariff affects wages injuriously? it was the settling, as I have always said, of these great States; it Yes; by enabling employers t.o build up a vicious trust system for was the development of that great country that made your ideal the manufacturer and against the laborer. The high tariff makes era of prosperity; but you were not satisfied until you destroyed the manufactul'er complete master of the wage worker. it. I want to say to you gentlemen now that if our silver had If the manufacturers can make as much profit under a high been in Pennsylvania and the iron in the Rocky Mountains you tariff on 1 ton of steel rails as they can make on 2 under a low would never have heard of the demonetization of silver and there tariff and an extended market, would they benefit by making 1 or would never have been a whisper about cheap silver. [Laughter 2? What is the difference in giving the manufacturer a double and applause.] profit through a high tariff or through a pool? Do they ever share Why did you not tell the people before the election that these the profits of the pool with labor? No. Will they ever share the good times could not return? They have been cited to these days profits of tariff? Never. from every Republican rostrum as the legitimate results of high It takes no political economist to answer these questions. If protection and confidence, and you agreed to rehabilitate these con­ the United States manufacturers can reap twice the profit under ditions if let into power. This bill is the remedy offered. There a high tariff by limiting themselves to the home maTket and run­ are but a few crumbs in this bill to aid the oppressed farmer of the ning half time, why should they run full time and invade foreign interior, or the laborer, but thousands of things to further oppress markets? They never will. They will sit down comfortably and him. Higher sugar, higher salt, higher lumber, hig~er clothi~g, sell their limited supply of goods for increased profits, making higher manufactu1·ed products, and absolutely nothmg to raise them more than whole, while the laborer tramps the country in the price of labor-a high tariff on labor's products, limiting the search of work just as they now do under the trust system. demand for his labor by narrowing the market, but throwing the This bill will increase the manufacturer's profits on the indi­ ports wide open for the free importation of other laborers from _vidual articles, but will lessen the power of the people to buy or foreign countlies to freely compete with his work. use his ware.s. Consistency, thou art a jewel! It is the poverty of the consumer, it is the poverty of the farmer and of the unemployed laborer, that has depressed the world. The "pauper-labor outcry" is the present stay of the high-tariff It is the poverty of the buyer, not the p1·oducer, that must be system. It is inconceivable to me how the manufacturers can so relieved before things will thdve. terrorize and lash the workingmen under cover when it only pro­ The manufacturer has every facility to produce, but no facility tects the products of labor owned by the manufacturer from to sell. competition and leaves labor itself owned by the workingmen If you would break some more of these trusts, if you would les­ open to the free competition of the world. By a high tariff the sen the burdens of transportation and furnish more circulating manufacturer seeks to cut off competition from all countries for medium, then the farmer could get an increased plice for his crop ., the products of labor he owns and create such a scarcity as to and lower rates on manufactured articles and· could consume give him a high price for his goods, but leaves the ports open to something, and the wage worker could step out of the army of the free importation of labOT owned by his men from all European the unemployed into a remunerative place. countries. They say that the manufacturer's high prices enable It is the consumption that must first be stimulated, and that him to make a higher labor schedule than other countries. The will stimulate production. same law that accelerates the inflow of the products of labor "Give the American workmen the home marke~" is another when our ports are open to free entry invites laborers to invade deceptive outcry that is showered incessantly upon the ears of all labor marts where superior inducements are made until labor every voter; butyourlaws give theAmeric.an labormarket to the of a like efficiency finds a general level the world over, when the lowestresponsible bidder of the world, excludingtheChinese only. labor ports are open to free entry. As long as we have free trade in labor, the wage worker must There is a marvelous discrepancy between the statistical history be injured rather than benefited by a. high tariff. of the world and the claim of the high protectionist on the w::~ge One-third of our population a1·e farmers, and the1·e is and can schedules of the high-protected industries. R us.sia has the highest be no real lasting prosperity unless they, your chief consumers, protective system of Europe and the lowest schedule of wages. can buy. There is no way to aid this depressed class on staple Austria, Germany, and France follow in regular order, and that products in this bill, or otherwise, unless you give a bounty or one with the lower tariff in each case pays higher wages, and the lower the rates on everything they consume. much-dreaded ''free-trade England" has for forty years paid With our present facilities of transportation the price of all higher wages than any other country of the Eastern Hemisphere. nonperishable products is controlled by the world's market. Under the Walker revenue tariff wages increased 17 per cent in If you should quadruple the wage worker in the mills from our the United States. own population, the farmer would but feed the same number of Now, my friends on the Democratic side have not said, and there people, but would lessen the army of the unemployed, and if in­ is but one in a thousand who would say, that that was caused directly creased from immigrants, this would simply consume more of our by the low tariff. I claim that that was caused by the-discovery farm products here, but at the same price that our surplus wheat of gold in California and Austi·alia, and the increase of the money and our surplus cotton, which fixes the price of the whole Cl'Op, volume, and not in consequence of low tariff; and the people forgot brings in Liverpool, less the h·ansportation. all about the tariff from 1846 until1861, except for the purpose of If the whole cotton crop was worked up at :Mobile and Charles­ making it a little lower in 1857. When they went to raise the ton, it would be purchased at home for the price in Liverpool, tariff, when they attempted to make the Morrill tariff, the manu­ less the freight. The farmers have mortgaged or lost their farms facturers never asked for protection. They said they only wanted in Pennsylvania and Connecticut quite as genemlly as in Kansas, to get back to the tariff of 1846; even Senator Sherman rose to his Nebraska, or 1\1:inne ota. This bill will further distress them by feet and said the manufacturers did not want to go back to 1846, increasing the price of everything they buy without increasing but to the low taliff of 1857. the price of anything they sell. The amount of the duties would So the manufacturers said they did not want a high tariff. be conscionable but for the glaTing impartiality with which it i.s They knew very well that when they made the tariff higher it distributed. 140 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MA.ROH 22,

Why has the wool tariff of the poor sheep herder been antago­ We export petroleum, corn, and wheat because we can produce nized, or always put on under protest and to get their aid to help these staples with less expenditure than can any Europe~n coun­ the manufacturer, or put on the free list and the manufactured try. We import tea, coffee, tin, and other articles becauso Brazil, product under an exorbitant duty? Ask the great woolen mills of China, and England can produce them under more favorable COl1o­ New England. Only they can answer. ditions cheaper than we can. Therefore we are benefited both Why have lead ores been under a small duty and the finished by the export and by the import, and likewise the other countries product under an enormous one? Only the great white-lead trust dealing with us are benefited. can answer. Why have the cowhides of the poor, struggling All thrifty and prosperous nations buy, as well as sell, liberally. farmer been placed on the free list and the finished product exor­ It is only the half-civilized nations that regard selling as all gain bitantly protected? None but the great leather trust and the shoe and buying as all loss. The Orient for four hundred years sold manufacturers of New England can tell. The United States is to Europe without buying anything in return. the chief hide-producing country of the world, yet the farmer Europe bought liberally of the Orient, and sent her goods to all must compete with the cheap labor of South America and Mexico. countries, and bought in exchange such articles as could be pro· But the shoemaker of Massachusetts says that the hide of a cow duced abroad with less effort than Europe could produce them, is but a by-product. We say that the wool on a Western sheep is and paid for them in surplus European products that sho could as much a by-product, because the sheep are largely grown for produce at a less cost than she could prOtluce the ones importecl. mutton as well as for wool; but the woolgrower is entitled to a and thereby Europe ·became rich and prosperous and the Orient tariff as much as the manufacturer. But there are not enough remained poor and stagnant. cattlemen organized to wield the force either in the Ways and It is certainly beneficial to buy abroad, when articles can be Means Committee or in this House to give them the protection obtained that we have not the climatic or other natural conditions which, as a matter of justice, they should have. to produce to advantage, for products that we can produce for Why put sugar on the protected list and hides on the free list? export with greater advantage than the country ab1·oad can pro­ Every poor farmer raises a few cattle; but few grow sugar. duce them. Ah, there is a gigantic sugar trust in this country to push the sugar Foreign trade is, after all, largely an exchange of products. We schedule to the protected list, and a gigantic leather trust and the ship our surplus products to Brazil, take the proceeds, and buj shoe manufacturers of New England to push hides to the free list. coffee, rubber, and such things as she can produce to a greater We have been aware for forty years that we had as fine sugar­ advantage than we can. Our gain is reaped from the concentr~. beet soil and as suitable a climate, reaching from Virginia to Cali­ tion of our efforts on the production of a surplus of such things fornia, as they have in central Europe. Why have we not utilized we possess a superior natural advantage for, to exchange for th · it in beet growing? Because of the great amount of hand work surplus products of foreign countries where nature has blesse~ and expensive transportation required as compared with other them with a superior advantage, giving us some of the advantage~ crops that can be cultivated with machinery and fed upon the of foreign as well as domestic climatic conditions. farm. Now, :Mr. Chairman, in conclusion, it is vain for us to protes1J The growing of other crops, even at the low prevailing prices, against the passage of this bill as your cherished remedy; but we was more profitable. We have tried beet growing. We know predict that until you legislate some for the c.onsumer and laborer.; that we have in Colorado as good beet-growing soil as there is in who are powerless to protect themselves, that the masses will co9-: the world. But you can not find Americans to do as they do in tinue to go into bankruptcy, and the army of the unemployed wi~ Germany-to take thirty loads of fertilizer and with it coat an acre continue its tramp in search of work. What the people want is of land, and then have the whole family go out and weed it and the money of the Constitution, a free competition in our own coun• plow it, and loosen the roots and pull them up by hand. We will try, and a fair chance in the markets of the world for all the pea• never do that in this country. Our lands are subdivided. Why pie and fm.: all of our industries. What the masses of the people have we not supplied our mills with flax and hemp? For the want is the distribution of the expenses of operating the Govern. same reason. When our lands are so divided that the family will ment over all of our industries that may be benefited thereby, concentrate its efforts on a small piece of ground, we will not be without regard to section or industry. This bill will make t~ excelled in the world on flax, hemp, or sugar. rich richer and the poor poorer for the few years it remains on the We have tried flax raising. We have had every kind of a tariff statute books. The scramble for private interests in this bill has on flax, from 80 per cent down. We have tried to build up this blotted out the lines between fublic duty and selfish private inter­ industry, but could never do it. Why? Because it required so ests; the great aggregations o capital at the centers of populatio-q much hand work, so much that must be done without machinery, will be made complete masters of the interior of the country and that our people would not undertake that kind of labor while they of the wage earners during its short life. JApplause.] have an abundance of land upon which they could use machinery. The CHAIRMAN. The committee wi now rise. under the They never will do so until the lands are divided up--when a few order heretofore adopted by the House. · people can take a small piece of land and all of them work upon The committee accordingly rose; and the Speaker having r~ the soil. That is the way flax is 1·aised. That is the way sugar is sumed thechair,Mr. SHERM.A.Nreported that the Committee of the raised in central Europe. I say that the sugar tariff to-day has Whole House on the state of the Union having had under consid­ but little to do with building up the sugar industry in this coun­ eration the tariff bill, had come to no resolution thereon. try. Some of the great sugar trusts have manipulated this meas­ LEAVE OF ABSENCE. ure in their interest rather than in the interest of the poor farmer. By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted to Mr. I reside in a sugar-beet district. We have the proper soil; but FLEMING for four days, on account of important business. without a proper manufacturing plant, which must costhundreds of thousands of dollars, there is no man who can make sugar from RECESS. tho beets which we may raise. The SPEAKER. If there be no objection on the part of t~ It is unfortunate that the humdrum of the tariff has been sounded House, the Chair will declare the House to be now in recess untp in the ears of the people until many of them really believe that 8 o'clock this evening, and will ask the gentleman from Illinois. foreign trade is unimportant, if not a curse. Why did the break­ Mr. HOPKINS, to act as Speaker at the evening session. ing of the steel-rail pool put so many men to work? It was because There was no objection; and accordingly (at 4 o'clock and 59 the consequent lowered price for iron and steel brought most lib­ minutes p.m.) the House was declared in recess. eral orders from abroad as well as at home. Who made the mil­ lions and tens of millions of manufactured goods sent abroad in EVENING SESSION. 1896, which, coupled with our other products, gave us a balance of trade exceeding$300,000,000, the largest ever reached? It was the The recess having expired, the House 'resumed its session, with wage worker. Suppose the tariff had been prohibitive and we Mr. HOPKlNS, of Illinois, in the chair as Speaker pro tempore. would have been confined to the home market. Would the manu­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. In accordance with the spec~ facturers have made so many goods? No; but they would have order previously adopted, the House will resolve itself into the doubled their profits on what they did make; the people could not Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union for the pur­ have bought so many because of the increased price. Who would pose of considering the revenue bill, and the gentleman from New have suffered? First, the workmen, because they would have had York [.:M.r. SHERMAN] will take the chair. fewer goods to make; secondly, the consumer, because he could The CHAIRMAN. The House is in Committee of the Whol~ not have bought so many at a higher price. Who would have on the state of the Union for the consideration of the bill the title been benefited? The manufacturer, because he might have made of which the Clerk will report. and handled less goods, made a double profit, and really have The Clerk read as follows: A bill (H. R. 379) to provide revenue for the Government and to encout·age gained, as he would have had fewer to handle for the same profit. the industries of the United States. It is my understanding of foreign trade that every country ex­ ports the articles which it can produce with less effort than the Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana. Mr. Chairman-- country to which they are consigned can, and it imports in exchange The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Indiana [Mr. RoBIN• the products which its neighbor can produce with less effort than SON] is recognized for thirty minutes. is required of the consignee from some climatic or other favorable Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, this is a:ll extraor­ condition. Upon this theory both countries deal with~ profit. dinary session, not only in the technical sense of the term, bu11 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 141

also in the character of legislation ah·eady enacted, and in that tution, the other side of this Honse should not unduly criticise, whch is proposed by the pending bill. . unduly condemn. For months, during the last campaign, we But a few days ago, the country witnessed a speed in legislation heard Republican audiences applaud at the mention of his name, here, unparalleled in the history of countries, ancient or modern. and will you now, the representatives of a great party. in the The new members of this Congress were taught a system of dis­ hour of its triumphal march, be tmgrateful and erect a funeral franchisement unknown hitherto in the annals, and the people pile in the sunset of his political career? Not content, you will, as a result must bear the burden of this offspring, the progeny of by the passage of this bill, blast the cherished hope of his ambi­ the last Congress, a twin brother of the billion-dollar CongTess. tious life, by destroying the low tariffs and wiping away the free There are 148 new members here, a large majority of whom are lists from the tariff schedule. You say the fault is his; that the on this side of the House. I speak for those on this side and accord deficit is due to his Administration; that his Administration is to those on the other side an equal patriotism, an equal desire with responsible for the issuing of two hundred and sixty-two millions those on this, to discharge their duty to their constituents. of Government bonds. Passing over the fact that the Adminis­ We came here, with the needs of our constituents still ringing tration previous to his had prepared the plates to issue bonds, in our ears, to do our best and our utmost to stay the reckless waiving. the consideration that there is in the Treasury now mil­ spirit of extravagance that poRsessed the former Congress, and to lions of money in excess of what is required to maintain the gold enact such legislation as would inur8 to the benefit of the people, reserve, I charge the loss of revenue to a decision of the Supreme already too much disheartened by the oppression of the times and Court of the United States. [Applause on the Democratic side.] discouraged by the wasteful extravagance that has marked an epoch in our country's history in the last two years. INCOliE TAX BILL. EXTRAVAG ANT APPROPRIATIONS. The income-tax features of the Wilson bill were declared invalid With these motives and purposes, at the very first step in the on a painfully close law point, by a painfully close-divided court. p&rformance of our public duties, when the House of Representa­ [Applause on the Democratic side.l But we are told in the lan­ tives had not yet been two full daysin legislative session, we were guage of menace that we must not fay our finger upon the Supreme confronted with four appropriation bills, carrying the enormous Court of the land. When in the history of this Government and sum of $72,000,000, to be wrung from the people by taxation. its institutions has a creature of the people risen above its source? Every paragraph of the 353 printed pages of these four appro­ The com·ts of every State in this Union have overruled their deci­ priation bills bristled with its part of a million of public money. sions, and overruled them again and again. The people in their These bills with their tremendous import are presented to a com­ struggle for this income-tax measure rallied around the central mitteeless House without the sanction of a committee's report and pillar of a struggle for human liberty, won through their repre­ the benefit of a committee's consideration. These bills are laid sen!a_tives in Congress, but were do?~ed to disappointment by a upon the tables of the members of this House in one hour and in deCisiOn of a court nearly equally divided on a doubtful question the next the majority members of this Chamber vote to consider of law, and upon which the best minds ofthecountryhavestudied them at once. The constituents of 148 new members, represent­ and ·differed. No court on a doubtful and pivotal question of law ing over 25,000,000 people, are thus disfranchised in the sacred can bind the consciences of those from whom its powers were name of the people's interest by a rule of the majority of this derived. Rouse, dangerous in its conception, far-reaching in its baleful On what theory of government should any branch of this Gov­ influence to the people in its execution. ernment be free from moderate, fair, and just criticism? I im­ This rule is adopted, and with it restrictions limiting debate to pugn the motives of no man. I cast apersions upon no set of men, forty minutes on each bill, or one minute for every two pages, and but when the filmy gauze of doubt for so long a time obscures the otherwise stated, two minutes for every million of dollars appro­ judicial vision that it takes a change of mind to reverse. a de­ priated. And this with no chance for amendment under the rule. cision, then such a doubtful case is presented as justifies the non­ In short, the majority here seek to t each us that we have amply judicial but patriotic mind to form and express an opinion, in a performed our duty to the country when we sit idly by and watch case like this, based upon a just conception of the institutions of the people's money passing from their Treasury, without the safe­ the country, its onward march, and ultimate destiny. In all great guards of discussion, amendment, and consideration, and we the questions of the stat&, where doubt is shown, it is the right and while must console ourselves with the unhappy thought that our the duty of all good citizenstotakeaninterestindiscussing, criti­ disfranchised constituents are fortunate that the majority did not cising, and censuring with moderation, any action of any of the raise their appropriations from seventy-two to one hundred and branches of the Government, involving the sacredness and safety seventy-two millions of dollars. of American liberty and American institutions. Omitting the time taken in the reading of these bills, the House, SOLDIERS. under this rule, votQd out of the Treasury of the United States The Democratic party acted upon the sentiment of Edmund $72,000,000, at the rate of one million .every four minutes. It was ~urke and w:aged a great battle of human rights around the ques­ asked that the new members, composing nearly a quorum of this tion of taxatiOn. Incomes were taxed that those who profited in body, with a faith born of confidence, should pass without debate the safety of their property, in the issue of the war, should pay to or amendment these bills carrying this appalling sum at the re­ the Government for thos~ brave soldiers a part of the income quest of the appropriation members of the late ''billion-dolla.r Con­ derived from what was saved for them by those soldiers; and here gress, junior," nearly one-half of which House of Representatives I might say that I agroo with the gentleman from lllinois [:Mr. -have, for public extravagance or other causes, been retired from CA.J."rnON] that it is commendable to be liberal to the soldiers of the discussion of the appropriation bills in the arena of this Honse the war, and I am sure the complaint of extravagant appropiia­ and have been succeeded by new members, fresh from the people tions does not come from the voting of money to them. A coun­ whom they represent. Are the sentiments of the new members try should protect its soldiers in time of war and with a liberal of this body to be molded? Are their opinions to be formed like hand provide them against the calamities, the results of the war. clay by the potter? Are their duties to be prescribed by the late But with this sacred obligation upon us comes another:_to protect lamented Congress? . that soldier and the humble citizen by taxing those for whom and The passage of these appropriation bills, in the manner in which for whose interest that soldier fought, and protect them all against it was accomplished, is a fit accompaniment for the career of unwise extravagance. When we do this, we provide the means waste and extravagance inaugurated by the Fifty-fourth Congress. to aid thedisabledsoldier, thenaturalobjectof acountry'sbounty. Why all this undue haste, undue concern, undue extravagance? A party to an action in court must abide the decision or appeal. It is stated here to be the result of the mistakes of Grover Cleve­ From a court of last resort there is no appeal. In such a case land in failing to sign those bills. It is not denied that he exer­ involving public questions the last court of appeal in doubtful cised a constitutjonal right in refusing to sign them. So long as cases is public opinion. In doubtful cases the interpretation a President exere1ses a right given to him under the law, in the given by those concerned is always considered. So long as we light of reason. can this be nrJ ed in excuse of a denial to the rep­ have a government of free institution, so long will our people resentatives of the people, fresh from a new election, to pass upon have and exercise the right, in cases of doubt, to comment on and thosemeasures in that safe, deliberate, and sacred manner provided criticise principles in line with the genius and spirit of our insti­ by the Constitution and the laws of the country? tutions. The judiciary of the country itself sets the example. What prompted the pocket vetoes? The President may have The Supreme Court of the United States, a minority of its judges, been shocked at the extravagance, at the want of consideration, sets the example of criticism of the opinions of those who chance the hurry with which these bills were passed, their defects as a to be in the majority on a doubtful proposition of the law. result thereof. TARIFF HEA.RINGS. True it is that the duty of a new member to the people he repre­ I will now pass to the consideration of the manner of getting sents is not governed or controlled by the actions of an officer of up this pending tariff bill-some of its general features and some another branch of the Government and who held his office by of its effects upon the already oppressed people of the country. virtue of a previous election. Did the voters of the last election declare for higher taxes? The I am not here to criticise or defend the actions of the former leaders on the other side, losing sight of the paramount issue in President in respect to these appropriation bills; but this much I that campaign, say they did. In view of the knowledge on the say, that so long as he exercised his prerogative under the Consti- part of the voters, that the money issue was the one upon which 142 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 22, they voted, it ca.n not seriously be maintained that the is~ue set­ Congress that trusts are a benefit to the country; that they reduce tled the question of a return to a higher tariff basis. In every the prices of articles controlled by them. This doctrine that they campaign in which that issue has been fully and fairly presented seek to enforce will be strange news to those connected with the by the platforms of the parties and to the voters of the country a great wire-nail trust, that recently collap,sed under a decision of majority has decided in favor of moderate tariff taxation. the United States court, after having m~onified several fold the So it was in 1892. The majority of this committee presenting prices of their p1·oducts-strange news to the many people of this this bill do not profess to defend the rates of the McKinley tariff country who have been unjustly affected by kindred combines of bill. On the contrary, the chairman of the Ways and 1\feans Com­ capital to enhance their profits and to make the people pay. mittee, the gentleman from 1\iaine [Mr. DINGLEY], so far from Notwithstanding the experience of the American people on the defending the McKinley rates, says that this bill is lower than subject of trusts, one F. B. Thurber has lately invaded with his under that law and higher than the rates of the Wilson bill, a leafiats the State which I have the honor in part to represent, m edium between the two. and others in his line are presenting their arguments to Repre­ With this admission that higher tariff rates are not desirable, sentatives in this House to convince us and the people that trusts we will find to-clay Representatives who defended the McK~nley are benefits and that the people who ha•e amas ed vast fortunes measure as the quintessence of tariff requirements protecting and under the fostering care of such laws as this are public benefactors. defending this bill as the most superb handiwork of man. At one Mr. Thurber, in proof of his contention, cites the following table time they must have been wrong. to show that the Standard Oil trust has resulted in cheaper prices. The committee would have it understood that they seek to make He gives the prices per gallon, by years, of refined oil exported, as the duties as moderate as they were under the existing law, knowing follows: . that the high tariff rates had been twice repudiated by the people; bu1; the clamor of the protected industries for higher rates has resulted in mal).y rates being fixed as high as those in the McKin­ ley law, and in some instances even yet higher than that. With tm~ ~ ~ =:::::: ::: :=~ ~=~ ===:: :~:: ::]'"! I[~: ~ ~ ~~~ ==~ ~==: =~~:: =: :: ==~~:: == ]:! these trusts. this evidence of tTusts, these representatives of trusts, But he wholly fails to mention the deeline in cotton per pound, a halo of trust influence was ~hed around this committee that was as follows: well calculated to dazzle and confuse t4e rp.ost brilliant and deter­ mined minds. With the proneness of human nature to imbibe 1872_ ------____ -···-· -·---~ef~3,1876. ----- _---·- --··-- ______----~e~~ the spirit of its surroundings, is it strange that these tariff hear­ 187q ____ ------··-- 18. 8 1877--- ... ------. ------. ·------11.8 1874.------··-- --··-- ---·------11). 4 1878_ ----·--. ------11.1 ings are reflected in this tariff bill? 1875 ______------15 1879 ____ ------·------9. 9 One of the greatest minds that ever lived, whether considered as a philosopher or a statesman, Edmund Burke, said: ''Let a story He cites another instapce, the decline per poupd of granulated which is f.alse and incredible be repeated every day for a year in refined standard sugar under the old American Refining Company: the ear of a man who at first refused to give credit to it, and by the end of that tiiPe he will really believe it to be true." 1879. ----·· ------___ ?~~~~ ll&S4_ ------___ ?~~i~ ·The Republican members of the Ways and Means Committee, }~t :::::::::::: ::::=~==== :::::::: ~: ~ i~======~=:::::::::===~==== ::::: ~: rt~ wedded to the theory of tariff t.ax~tion, intensified and encouraged i::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~: ~ 11&l7 -----· ------6. 013 by their elected President, met, and without the encoura~g in­ fluence of their Democratic colleagues, gave hearings to t9-e coun­ But wholly fails to mention the decline per bushel in wheat for try 011 the various tariff schedules and invoices embodied in their the same years, which is .as follows: proposed new revision. As a result of these hearings, a. few days ago the Representa­ tives of tms House bad placed before them a form of a printed tariff bill, and accompanying it these tariff hearings, entitled ;-~ ~~~~m=m~~ ~m m~ ~~=~ ~~~~ 111 tilt=:::~~~:=~~~~==~~~~~~~:~~~:~~ $1~i and in the form of sahed.ules from A toN, with a fi·ee list in addi­ tion, a careful perusal of which latte1· will convin~e one that it is This modern economist attributes to the beneficent actions of n.ot a free list, as the people heretofore 4ave understood that term. the trusts the reduction of prices, whereas it was due to the ap­ 'fhe total printed hearings embrace 2,105 pages, of which 14 preciation of money. As was well said the other day in this House pages, Schedule L, are devoted to silk and silk goods~ and 300 pages by the gentleman f1~om Missom·i [Mr. BLAND], you are saddling to agricultm·al products and provisions. In the 300 pages devoted untold taxes on the shoulders of the laborer without fm·nisbing to bearings on agricultural products, but few every-day farmers the money with which to pay these taxes. (Applause on the have been heard; 011 the other hand, the pages are replete with Democratic side.] Still worse, you are encouraging the trusts to ingenious arguments and discussions by able al)ll dextrous attor­ levy a tri}Jute upon every man, upon every woman, upon every neys. M.en from every speculative walk of life were there. Yet, child in the land; none of which tribute so extorted ever reaches where are the toilers, the tillers of the soil, the hewers of wood,· the public Treasury. It is not surprising that self-interest should the drawers of water? Where were the smoke-begrimed men of prompt such preposterous contentions on the part of the agents of the factories and the shops? Where were the men with mortgages the trusts, that they are organized in great part out of kindness upon their little homes? The middle-toll-gatherers came in myri­ to the human family. Helvetius of old was right when he referred aful. Those who were unable to secure an audience submitted argu­ all human action to self-interest. In this day and age of the world ments in writing, ingeniously pointing out in their wisdom to the this rule is as good as it was in early days of Greece and Rome. committee how an industrious but burdened people could have Let us now take a glance at the horny-handed sons of toil who those burdens lightened by puttil}g on some more. Ah, sir, they appeared before this tariff committee; the dust-covered workmen show the common people "the steep and thorny way to heaven," of the factories and the wage earners of the shops and the mines; while they "the primrose path of dalliance tread." the agriculturists of the fields an

1897 . . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 143

members in this Chamber as an advocate of self-interest on the . Among the articles omitted from the tariff rates and on the free question of the- distribution of seeds through the Department of hst can be found the following: I read from the bill: Acorns­ this Government. this will be good news to the tax-burdened sufferers; ashes This fum appears befo;re this tariff committee in favor of higher [laughter] ; asafetida-the dying man would almost sooner die tal'iff rates, anu would thus e~hance the prices of their products, than take it to save his life [laughter]; beeswax; birds, stuffed, if which are purchased by the farmers. But be it known that these not st;titablefor millinery ornaments; dry blood; clay; coffee-for self-constituted guardians of the interest of the farmers of this this article the coffee drinkers of the country, without regard to country, in common with many of the wholesale seed men, have age, rank, or previous condition of servitude, are thankful; cut­ writhm to members of this House, have sent circulars to be signed tlefish bone; dandelion roots; dragon's blood-I have been taught by constituents and forwarded to members, demanding that the that a dragon is a fabulous animal; his blood is on the free list Government should no longer freely distribute seeds to the farmers [laughter]; eggs of birds, fish, and insects; fish skins; fossils-of of the natio;n. These people have solicited newspapers to advo­ no earthly use to the farmer; gold-beaters' molds and gold-beaters' cate their cause, and seek to join the newspapers in a common supts [laughter]; hoofs; horns; ice-as well might the committee interest with them. have put air on the free list to increase the size of the schedule­ SEEDS TO OITIZENS. leeches-it will be gratifying to the people who have these tax~ These people indulge in a peculiar tone of complaint because the to pay to know that the real live leech is on the free list (laughter Government, in its b'ounty, distributes to the farmers (the only and applause on the Democratic side] ; rags-provided that they thing they get) a few rare seeds to advance the cause of agricul­ are not otherwise heretofore taxed in the bill; silkworm eggs; ture and to lighten but a trifle the burdens of the farmer. About teeth; tobacco stems-for those who smok~; turtles-the size or March 18, 1897, they wrote to the Indianapolis Sentinel, my }lome the country th.ey inhabit not stated. State paper, that- In 1890 those who advocated the ingrafting on our system of This free gift i3 very injurious both to the large seedsmen as well as every laws the features contained in this bill made this hall vocal with country store who handles SBeds, for if their customers can get then· seeds their declarations that the foreigner paid. the taxes. This position free and make th.eil· own selection, which was contempl.a.ted in the last bill, was abandoned, as all contentions must be that are based upon it will ultilnately destroy all dealers in seeds, if the appropriation increases arguments that can be penetrated by the light of reason. The ~s steadily as it has done for the past few years. Seedsmen have been com­ pelled to curtail thtlir advertising expenditu)·es in newRpapers by this unjust consumer wants no more taxes than are necessary to run the and \lnequal competition. The free distribution of seeds is against the spirit Government administration with economy. of our Government, which should be that the ~eople support the Govern­ ment and not the Government the people. It likewise fosters paternalism The farmer does not want a law that enables the manufactUl·er and begga.riBm. of farming implements to sell to the farmers of this country for And yet these men would be not only censors of the public but one price and to the foreigner for another and much less price. advisers to the tariff committee as to what is of interest to the The laborer and mechanic only wants such discrimination as will farmer. equalize his labor with that of foreign labor. Neither wants a Still other names appear in this Schedule Gas advisers: Fruit higher price on his food and clothing, but asks only for protection 13uyers' Union of New York City, The G. H. Hammond Company, to his labor. Harvey & Outerbridge, Hanley & Hoops, Indian River Pineapple :Mr. Chairman, these classes will rise up against the inequalities .Growers' Association, International Pa.cking Company, Italian of a measure such as is proposed in this tariff bill. Macaroni and Vermicelli Company, G. A. Jahn & Co., W. M. It was not my purpose in rising to enter into a general discussion Johnston & Co., Kansas City Live Stock Commission Company, of the special featu,res of this bill, nor review the general subject Kansas City Stock Yards Company, Kansas Salt Company, Kraus of the tariff tax. The extraordinary methods resorted to for the & St.etten, Krembs & Co., Lane & Libbey, S. H. Levin's Sons, passage of this bill and the limited time for its examination pre­ Libby, McNeil & Libby, T. T. Lipton Company, Lone Star Salt clude such action. But I content myself wjth a statement of Company, Lonaine Manufacturing Company, W. H. Marvin & some of the general features of the measure as it affects the peo-_ Co .. Otto G. Mayer & Co., W. T. Mesterud & Co., 1\Hchener Bros. ple of the State which I have the honor j_n part to represent. & Co., Michigan Bean Jobbers' Association, Michigan Salt Manu­ TAX ON EVERYTHING. facturers, Moller & Bro., Monarch Orange Company, Nelson Mor­ If this measure is passed by this Congress and signed by the rjs & Co., G. B. Miller & Co., National Hay Association, National President, ~he American citizen can w~ll exclaim, in the language Starch Manufacturing Company, Nebraska Centrall\1illing Com­ of an EngliBh;man of long ago: "A tanff tax on everything that pany, New Liverpool Salt Company, Onondaga (N.Y.) Coarse Salt enters the mouth, covers the back, or that is placed under foot; Association, Reid, Murdock & Co., J. B. Rice & Co., Rockwood & taxes upon everything that is pleasant to see, Jlear, feel, smell Co., August Rolker & Sons, Salina (N.Y.) Coarse Salt Company, and taste; taxes on raw material and every fresh value that ifi memorial of New York merchants, protest from meat packers, given to it by the industry of man. A tax on everything on the Sgobel & Day, V. Spagero Company, Dan. Talmage's Sons Com­ earth and on the waters under the earth; on the sauce that pam­ pany, J. M. Thorburn & Co., P. C. Tomson & Co., Union Pacific pers man's appetite, and the drug that restores him to health· Salt Company. Wallace&Co., WaverlyManufacturingCompany, on the brass nails of the coffin, and the ribbons of the br·ide. Un~ Wean, Horr, Warner & Co., Weickel & Smith Spice Company, der this law the schoolboy will spin his taxed top; the beardleBs Wells & Ri.chardson Company, West Point Rice Company, S.D. yonth will ride his tariff-taJ:ed horse, sit on a tariff saddle and Woodruff & Sons, Worcester (Mass.) Cholesterine Company, and will guide the .animal on to extra exertion with a protected ~hip. Zerega's Sons. The dying American will pour out his medicine, which has paid This book of agricultural tariff hearings is a fair sample of all 25 per cent, from a bottle that pays 20 per cent, into a spoon that the hearings, alphabetically classed from A to N. A ,few other pays 35 per cen.t; will throw 4jm,self bac;k on his bed that pays 50 na,mes than the firms, companies, combines, corporartions, and per cent, and expire in the hands of his physician, who charges associations appear, but they are few. A great mass of these ad­ him, by indirectioll, on account of these ta;ritr duties, a larger fee visers are not the growers, but the reapers of profit. Notable for the privilege of putting him to death. But now that he is amongthenamesof individuals thatappear is that of J. A. Baigel, dead, _you say, ?-a will be taxed no more. The end i~ not yet; his who wanted a duty on goldfish; Silas F. Gibbs, who asked a duty body 1-s placed m a taxed and protected coffin, hauled in a taxed on pineapples, and John F. Brooks, who uesi.red the McKinley and protected hear e, drawn by taxed and protected horses and he duty on tallow, and several others who wanted the tariff rates is laid away and surely will be taxed no more. But the end is not raised on onions. yet. His virtues are handed down to posterity on a taxed and As_a r~sult of these hearings this tariff bill is presented, em­ protected tombstone, and then, and not till then, is he gathered bodymg m a large measure the features of the McKinley law, of to the home of his fathers to be taxed no more." [Applause on low tariff rates on many luxuries, and higher tariff rates on some the Democratic side.] of the necessaries of life, principally among which latter is £ugar. Mr. GREENE. Mr. Chairman-- The poor man who lives in his little cottage will need as much The CHAIRUAN. The gentleman from Nebraska [i\fr. flugar, this necessary of life, as he who watches over his millions GREENEl is recognized for forty minutes. and revels in his luxury. That cottager may have joined the Mr. GREENE. l\1r. Chairroan, it is not my purpose to spend a Army to fight to save the other's property and to preserve for him great deal of time in a discussion of the subject before this House. a country where he could multiply hia fortune. After the passage I have listened with a great deal of interest to the speeches made on of this bill, like the other, he will pay his increased taxes when he the other side of this Chamber, as well as to those made on this side. eats his sugar. But this humble man can be satisfied that if he I have listened to the songs sung by gentlemen on the glol'ies of desires something in the line of an exclusive luxUl'Y that the tariff Republican protection, of the beauties of Republican tariffs. I tax will not be so high, and no higher than the other pays. have listened a-s gentlemen have told about the glorious record FREE LIST. they h.ave left behind thei;n. But little relief from these heavy tariff duties imposed is pre­ Now, I am willing to grant, at the very inception of my remarks, sented in the free list of this bill. It has seemed to be the aim of that the Republican party has behind it in the dim past a record t~ commi~ , with a few exceptions, to place a tariff tax on every­ that is covered all over with glory.... Some of the grandest leaders t!llng that lS used by the people. [Applause on the Democratic that ever graced these Halls, or the other end of this Capitol, some s1de.j of the greatest statesmen who have ever lived in this country or 144 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARcH 22,

any other country, were the leaders of the Republican party. the other side to tell me how will these people buy the surplus of But, sir, I never in my life thought that it was much of a boast to the mills if you open them up, as you say you will, when they can point with pride into the dim past. If we, to-night, could bring not buy what you have already produced? [Renewed applause.] his satanic majesty from the infernal regions and stand him upon How will they do it? I saw in the campaign, and it haunted me this floor, he might, with equal grace and truth, point his. gaunt sometimes as a nightmare, a picture. You gentlemen sawit. On and blood-stained finger into the remote ages and say, "I point one side they had placed W. J. Bryan standing at the door of the with pride to my illustrious past." For there was a time, we read, United States mint, and here was a Chinaman and a Dutchman when he sang among the angels along the banks of the river of and an Englishman and a Frenchman, and a Spaniard, all com~ life. [Laughter and applause.] There was a time when he ing up to dump their surplus silver into our mint. I wondered pluckea the fruits from Life's tree, when he was a great leader. then, and I wonder now, where these gentlemen would get that But the natural inquiry would arise in the mind of every thinking surplus to dump. I thought then, and I think now, you ought to man, "Old gentleman, while you have a glorious past, what are have made a counterpart, and had a picture of Alaska and Brit­ you up to now?" [Laughter.] The question is not what you ish Columbia and Norway and Sweden going down to South have been in the past or what you have done in the past so much Carolina and dumping their bananas. On the other side of that as what you promise for the future; not what is recorded of you picture was Major McKinley with a large key in his hand. I sup· in the pages of history gone by, but what have you done in the pose that is the Dingley bill. In the background were numerous recent past, and what has been the effect of your conduct upon manufactories, from the chimneys of which smoke was rising the American people? That is the question that we ought to con­ ~eavenwar<;I. Out ~ front of the Major stood a couple of dudes sider, and we ought to consider it se1iously. 1mpersonatmg workingmen [laughter and applauseJ, with their When I read the message sent to this House by the President of hats off, cheering the Major as he was about to open the mills. I these United States but a few days ago, I was struck with the tried to get my Republican friends in the campaign to tell me how frankness of the document. Why, sir, if that document had been he would open the mills. "Oh, he would just open the mills." written by a Democrat or a Populist out in the West four years How could he open the mills unless there was a market for the ago, they would have said he was a calamity howler. At last our products of the mills? How could he get a market for the prod· President has becomeacalamityhowler. He has pointed out to us ucts of the mills by making the product higher than it is, when the dire distress, the poverty, and the misery of our people. Now, I the people have nothing with which to buy now? [Applause.] am glad that he ha.,s come to see the facts as they really exist. He Well, r got the answer, "Well, we will just open the mills.' has come to consider that, as was said by the gentleman from Maine [Laughter.] [Mr. DINGLEY] in his speech this morning, it is a condition that Why, they say they have some kind of reciprocity. I have never confronts the people of the United States and not a theory. He seen but two great examples of reciprocity enacted by the Repub· might have enlarged upon the condition of the country. While licans and a certain element of the Democratic party in their it is true that our mills are idle, that the fires have gone out and that lives. One demonstration of reciprocity was when the Repub. the smoke has ceased in the chimneys, that the spindles no longer li~an party in this House and a~ the ?ther end of the Capitol joined turn nor the wheels make music, it is likewise true, as a conse­ With Grover Cleveland and h1s allies to strike down the money quence, that thousands of our laboring men are out of employ­ with which the people bought goods. [Applause.] ment and are tramping up and down this country to the music of Again; I saw recip1·ocity last fall, when the trusts got alarmed starvation. It is not only true that the laboring men are out of and the leaders of the Republican party became scared and fright.:. employment in the mills, but it is likewise true that the agri­ ened. They went to Grover and said," You must reciprocate. cultural portions of this country are to-day depressed as they have [Laughter.] We tickled you; you must tickle us. We came to never been in the history of the country. No man can look over your aid when you were trying to strike down the great South the land and see the condition which exists to-day without feeling and West and cripple and ruin the agricultural people of this and knowing that these statements are correct. country; we joined hands with you, Grover, to help you; we are The question which confronts us, then, Mr. Speaker, is not what in trouble now; reciprocate." Grover said, "You can depend on we have done in the past, but what is the cause that produced the me." [Laughter.] The Indianapolis convention was called to condition which confronts us now. Why, we are met by our carry out that reciprocity. They did reciprocate. They helped Republican friends and their allies, and we are told it is because you to elect the present occupant of the White House, and .they of the atrocities of the Wilson bill, enacted in the reign of Grover helped to elect a number of gentlemen on that side to seats in this the First. [Laughter.] Now I say to my Republican friends, if House, and you ought not to abuse them, for they are your friends. you can possibly think less of Grover Cleveland than I do, you [Laughter.] are good ones. [Laughter.] You can not look with more dis­ When you talk about Grover I feel like saying that you have no gust or contempt upon the doings of that Administration than I right to do it. He that saith of his brother "Thou fool" shall be do, and when you say it was a failure, I feel like pronouncing a in danger of hell fire. [Laughter.] You are brethren. There is good old-fashioned Methodist amen. [Laughter.] It was. I anotheF passage in that good old Book to which I direct your atten­ want to ask you, in all candor and sincenty, was there no misery tion-the passage which tells how good and how pleasant it is to in this country until Grover Cleveland took his seat the second see brethren dwell together in unity. [Laughter.] We of the time? Was it all serenity, peace, and happiness until then? How West and South do not object to a reasonable protection of East­ is it that gentlemen so early forget the facts of history? How is ern industries. We are willing to be robbed a little. Thank God, it? I say to you, sir, that before I shall finish, if I have time, I beneficent heaven has blessed us with such a soil and climate that, will try to convince every man who will listen that everything under the sunshine and the rain, our fertile fields enable us to stand was not as it should have been even before Grover Cleveland took being robbed a little. We are willing to be, but we do not want his seat the first time. to be robbed all the time. [Laughter and applause.] There is an Now, why are the mills stopped? There is a reason for it. end to all things. There is a time when forbearance ceases to be Nothing in this world happens by chance. There is a cause for a virtue. We are willing, I repeat, that a reasonable protection every effect, and if we only know how, we may trace from the may be granted to Eastern manufacturers, but we say that we of effect back and find the cause. The mills have stopped simply the great West and of the great South ought to have some show because the owners of the mills, the manufacturers of this country, in the race for happiness, for life, and for its enjoyments. We can find no market for their goods. Will any gentleman ques· ought to have. tion this statement? If the mills of the United States could find Have we any? Is it not true that we must sell our wheat in the a market, does any gentleman think they would not run to supply open markets of the world? But my Republican friends say there that demand? So then, sir, it goes without saying that the mills is a tariff of 25 cents a bushel on wheat in the Dingley bill. Yes, do not r1m because they can not sell their goods. that is true. But will that affect the price of wheat? What did That leads us to another question. Why can not the mills sell you put it there for? You knew that the only wheat imported their goods? Why, our tariff friends say, because under the Wil­ into the United States was wheat for seed. You knew that when son bill foreign manufacturers have flooded our markets until the you put that provision in your bill. What did you put it there people are surfeited and can not buy the surplus of the American for? You knew that it would not make one whit's difference in the mills. But let me say, sir, our people are not surfeited. If gen­ price of wheat. You knew it would not raise the price of wheat tlemen on the other side would travel through the great South the thousandth part of a mill. You knew that the farmer sold his and the great West, they would find the people of those sections wheat in the open markets of the world and that the price of his of the country are not only not surfeited, but are longing for an op­ product was fixed in Liverpool. Then what did you put that in portunity to unload the goods from Eastern mills and supply their your bill for? I will tell you what you did it for. You did it to homes, their wives, and their children with the comforts of life. fool somebody. [Laughter.] Yes, you did it to fool somebody. The manufacturers of this country find a market for their goods You wanted to go out and tell these farmers how goocl you had where? Largely in the great South and West. Why do these been to them-that you had put a protective tariff of 25 cents a people not buy their goods? Not, as I said, because they are sur­ bushel on their wheat! Are we protected on corn? Oh, yes; you feited. That is not the case. . But it is because, sir, they have put a tariff on corn, too. How much corn was imported into the nothing with which to buy. fApplause.] That is the reason. United States in 1896? Not so much as we raised in one township Nothing with which to buy! f want to ask those gentlemen on in Nebraska. [Laughter.] Yet you give us a protective tariff ou 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 145 corn. What for? To fool the farmers. Did you ever read in and you propose to leave them the small pittance with which to II Samuel where it tells that Joab, when he met Amasa, ap­ buy that they had before. proached him in a gentle and friendly manner and said: "Art I want to call attention t_o another fact, and I shall be just as thou in health, my brother?" He reached out his hand and took brief as I possibly can. Under the theory and system and practice Amasa by the beard to kiss him. But Amasa took no heed to the of the Republican party, it is true that the wealth of this country sword that was in Joab's hand; so Joab smote him therewith. has drifted out of the hands of the people int-o the hands of a few. Mr. TALBERT. Under the fifth rib. [Laughter.] Why, sir, in the year 1850 the assessed wealth of this country was .- Mr. GREENE. Yes, under the fifth nb. So, Mr. Chairman, only $8,000,000,000, of which sum the farmers owned five billions. these Republican gentlemen propose to· approach the American In 1860 the wealth of the United States was sixteen billions, of farmer and laborer and say to tbem, "How is your health, breth­ which the farmers owned twelve billions. In 1870 the wealth of ren?" They propose to reach forth and take the farmers and this country was thirty billions, of which the farmers owned laborers by the beard to kiss them. They hope the farmer and the eleven billions. In 1880 the value of all property in the United laborer will not see the sword that is in the other hand. States was forty-six billions, of which the farmers owned seven Mr. MITCHELL. Do you not mean the Populists? billions. In 1890 the wealth of the country was sixty-two billions, Mr. GREENE. No, I mean the Republicans. If we had the and the farmers had but nine billions. Do you see how this gentleman out in Nebraska, we would make a Populist out of thing has been going? him in forty-eight hours. [Laughter.] They hope, !repeat, that Now, I want to call your attention to ano~het table, for I want to the farmers and laborers will not see the sword that is in the convertmyRepublicanfriend. Thewealthhasbeensoconcentrated other hand, with which they expect to thrust them under the fifth into the hands of a few people that in 1890 70 families in the United rib and let their bowels gush forth. [Laughter.l But I want to States owned 2,635,000,000; 90 families owned $1,025,000,000; 100 say to gentlemen on the other side of this Chamber that I do not families, $1 ,440,000,000; 135 families, 8968,000,000; 160 families, believe they can fool the people of the great West and of the great $1,650,000,000; 1,750 families, $4,036,000,000; 6,000 families, $7,500,- South much longer. 000,000; 7, 000 families, $4,550,000, 000; 11,000 families, 84,125,000,000; Mr. TALBERT (sittingon theRepublicanside). You are look­ 14,000 families, $3,220,000,000; 16,500 families, $2,722,000,000; 30,- ing at me, but I belong on the other side. [Laughter.] 000 families, $5,000,000,000; 75,000 families, $4,500,000,000; 200,000 Mr. GREENE. Well, I did not think you looked as if you be­ families, $4,000,000,000; 1,000,000 families, $3,500,000,000; 2,000,000 longed on th-at side. [Laughter.] I repeat, gentlemen, I do not families, $4,000,000,000; 9,620,000 families, 87,215,000,000. So, as believe you can fool the people much longer, and while I am on we keep on down, the figures continue to get larger until we have that point let me say that I have sometimes been pained to hear 9,620,000 families with only $7,215,000,000. and to read remarks of a very uncomplimentary character about A MEMBER. Apiece? the peoj>le of the great West. Gentlemen on the other side some­ Mr. GREENE. No; all the families. If my friend can not un­ times refer t o us who live out on the Great Plains as "anarchists" derstand a plain statement, I am not responsible. I have tried to and '' repudiationists." Sir, there is not an anarchist on the soil make this matter so clear that even a Republican can understand of the great State from which I come. [Applause on the Demo­ it. [Laughter and applause.] cratic side.] There is not a repudiationist within all her bound­ While wealth has been passing into the hands of the few, prices aries. But the sting comes home to the heart when we, who­ of all farm produce have been steadily falling. some of us-have gone from New England homes and from the Take two standard or staple products, corn and wheat: Middle States, and have taken up our abode and risked our fortunes C01·n. with the people out there, have heard ourselves branded by the men of our father States and of our mother States as "anarchists" and "repudiationists" because we are not willing to be robbed. Year. Production. Value of crop. No people are more long-suffering than the people of the West. No people love the old flag better than they love it. No people on Bushels. this earth are more willing to pay their debts than the people of 1873 ------·-----·------932,274,000 $44 7' 183, 020 the West are to pay theirs, and I want say to gentlemen that 1874 ------·-· ---·----·------·------850,148, 500 550,043,080 to 1875 ------·------··-· ------1, 321, 069, ()()() 555, 445, 930 the people who have gone to that country, have blazed it out, and 1876 ------· ------··-----·------1,283,827,500 475, 491,210 made it, are not only not anarchists, not repudiationists, but they 1877 ------·------1' 342, 558, 000 480, 643, 400 are among the best men and the best women on the soil of America. 1878 ------.-----.----- 1, 388,218,750 441,153, 405 1879 ----.-.------.------·-----·------1, 547,901, 790 580,486,217 rGreat applause.] We love New England. We love the East. 1880 ------.... ------·------·------·------1, 717,434:,543 679' 714, 499 :But we want to see such laws enacted that the people of the East 1881 ____ ------·------1, 194, 916, 000 759,482,170 and the people of the West and the people of the North and the 1882 ------. ··------·------·------1, 61 7' 025, 100 783, 867.175 1883 ------· ------·------1, 551,066, 895 658, 051, 485 people of the South will all be protected in their rights and enjoy 1884 ------·------.-----·------1, 795, 528, ()()() 640, 735, 560 the fruits of their labor. We want that, and that is all we want. 1885 ------·------·------1, 936,176, 000 635, 67 4, 630 [Applause.l 1886 ------· ------·-- 1, 665, 441, 000 610, 311, 000 1887 ~ ------·----· ------·----· 1, 456, 161, 000 646, 106, 770 Mr. HAMILTON. What relief do you propose for the Amer­ 1888 ------·-- -· -·------1, 987,790, ()()() 677, 561,580 Ican farmer? 1889 ·------·------·---. ------2, 112, 892, ()()() 597, 918,829 Mr. GREENE. I will tell you. The relief we propose for the 1890. --·--· --- --··------·------1, 489, 970,000 754, 4.'33, (51 1891 ------··------·- ·--· 2, 060, 15-i, ()()() 836, 439' 228 American farmer is to go back to the money of the Constitution 1892 ------·------1' 628, 464, 000 642,146,630 that you took away from us and thereby destroyed the price of 1893--··------·------··-· ------1, 619, 496, 131 591, 625, 627 our labor and our produce. [Applause on the Democratic side.] 1894--··-· ------·----·-·------1, 212, 770, 052 554, 719, 162 Mr. HAMILTON. You have told me. 1895 ---- ·------. ------. 2, 151, 138,580 567,509,106 Mr. GREENE. Yes; I have told you. That is one way to give us relief. Another way to give us relief is to keep your hands out Wheat. of our pockets, and give us a fair show, give us an open field. That is all we ask, and it is all we ever have asked at your hands. 1873 ------. ·------281, 254, 700 $323, 594, 805 Mr. HAMILTON. Whose hands have been in the pockets of 1874 ----·------·---··-- ---··------·-----. 308, 102, 700 _291, 107, 895 1875 ------· -----·------·-- --·------292, 136,000 294-, 580, 990 theWestern farmers? 1876 ------··------·------289' 356, 500 300,259, 300 Mr. GREENE. The hands of the protected m0nopolies and 1877----·-. ------.------.------304, 194,146 394, 695, 779 trusts of the East have been in our pockets. [Laughter. Applause 1878 ------.------. 420, 122, 400 326,346, 424: 1879 ---··------. --·-·------·-- 448, 756, 630 497. 030, 142 on the Democratic side.] 1880 ------___ ,_ ------·-· ------·------498, 549,868 474,201, 850 Mr. SIMPSON of Kansas (addressing the Republican side). Ask 1881 ------·------·------383, 280, 090 456, 880, 427 him another question. 1882 . ------·------·-----. ·- ----·-----·----- 504, 185, 470 4-4.4, 602, 125 A MEMBER. Hit him again. 1883 ---·----·------·--·---·------421, 086, 160 383, 6!9,272 1884 ------·------.------·------512, 765, 000 330. £62, 260 Mr. HAMILTON. Tell us how they do it. 1885 ------··- --···---·------357' 112, 000 275; 320, 390 Mr. GREENE. I will tell you how they do it. 1886 ------·------·-. ------457,218,000 314,226, 020 Mr. HAMILTON. I am asking for information. 1887 ------··------456, 329, 000 310, 612,960 1888 ------·------···----·--.----··-··- 415, 868, ()()() 385, 248, 000 Mr. GREENE. I will gladly tell you how they do it. They do 1889 ------.------.--- 490, 560, ()()() 34-2 491 707 it by putting an exorbitant tariff on everything we have to buy, 1890 ------·------. 300, 262, 000 334-:773: 678 and then robbing us of our money, so that we sell in the open 1891 ------·------··------611,780, 000 513, 472 , 711 1892 --.-----·-·------·----. ·-·--. ---.------515, !}49, 000 322, 111' 881 market of the world and get nothing. That is the way they 1893 ------·------·------·-- 396,131,725 213,171,381 do it. 1894 ------·------· - ---·------·-- 460, 267, 416 225,902, 025 Mr. HAMILTON. Is not everything that you have to buy 1895 ------·· 467' 102, 94 7 237,938, 998 cheap? Mr. GREENE. Yes, sir; everything we have to buy is reason­ The total wheat production for 1873 was, as shown above, but ably cheap. That is what you are complaining of. fLaughter.] 281,254,700 bushels, and brought the raiser the sum of.$323,594,805, You, sir, are seeking to make the things the farmer and the laborer while in 1895 the amount produced was 467,102,947 bushels, and buy higher. You say that is the object of this kind of legislation, brought the raiser only the sum of 5237,938,998.

XXX-10 146 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 22,

In other words, in 1895 our farmers produced 185,948,247 more Mr. GREENE. I decline to be further interrupted, if it is to bushels 'Of wheat than they did in 1873, and received $85,655,907 be taken out of my time. less for it. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman declines to yield further. This is not only true of wheat, but of oats, barley, cotton, and Mr. GREENE. I will answer all questions that gentlemen in fact all other products of the farm. want to ask, if they are not to be taken out of my time. Now, Sir, our people can never buy either the products of our own or can any man look over this record and still say we had glorious fol'eign mills or manufactories while this condition remains. times? Why, sirs, go with me back even as far as 1873. Do you While the people are so depressed, to whom are the manufac­ remember when the country was full of tramps from one end to turers to look for a market? You might as well talk of corking up the other? Was Grover Cleveland responsible for that? Cer­ Vesuvius with a corncob as to talk about "opening the mills." tainly not. You can look over the record, and from the first By looking over these figures anyone can see (and it does not moment when you struck down one-half of the metallic money of take a very astute mind to discover it) that the wealth of the this country ruin set in and stalked abroad aU over this land. country ever since the Republican party came into power has been Prosperity never came back unti11878, when that money was drifting away from the masses into the hands of the few. And partially rehabilitated. Ruin never set in in this country again while proteotion has enriched the manufacturer, the price of until you joined with Grover Cleveland and his forces to again American toil has steadily fallen. Tell us why that is so. Why, strike it down, in 1893. Now you turn arm.md and curse Grover sir, all this time they have been singing the siren's song to the because you helped him do the identical thing th.at he commanded. laboring men. Why; sir, that old book, the Bible, tells about Mr. TALBERT. Turning state's evidence. those persons who in the last days will come as angels of light Mr. GREENE. Now they are turning State's evidence on Grover. and, if possible~ deceive the very elect. These gentlemen have And they are particeps criminis. [Laughter.] deceived the people until they have swept from them the wealth Now you ask how to bring prosperity. Let me tell you. The of the country-until140,000 people in the United States own 75 only way to bring prosperity is to bring plenty to the home of the per cent of its wealth. Yet these gentlemen say they are acting consumer of the products of your Eastern mills. The only way to in the interest of the people. bring plenty to the home of the consumers of the products of They tell us that they are going to give prosperity by this bill; Eastern factories is to 1·estore to this country that thing which in they say they are going to bless the American laborer. The gen­ every age of the world, in every civilized country on the face of the tleman from Illinois [l\1r. HoPKI.L"'l'S] who occupied the floor this ea1·th, and in every stage of the nation's history has made prkes afternoon in the discu sion of this question said that under Repub­ high or prices low in proportion to the volume among the people. lican protection in 1891 and 1892 every man who wanted employ­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. ment had it. A marvelous statement! I want to call attention Mr. BELL. I move that the gentleman be permitted to proceed to a few figures to determine whether or not we have had this until he finishes his remarks. remarkable prosperity. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will state that he has parceled In 1 81 we had in this country 929 strikes and 9lockouts. In out the time for the evening except ten minuten. If the gentle­ 1882-remember the Republicans had this Government in both man desires the other ten minutes to complete his speech, the branches and also the Presidency all that time, and the laboring Chait: will1·ecognize him for that further time. men were happy, you know-in 1882 we had 1,105 strikes and 42 Mr. GREENE. I will finish in the ten minutes. lockouts. In 1883 we had 2,755 strikes and 117lockouts; in 1884:, You gentlemen talk about laboring men out of employment. I 2,364 strikes and 357lockouts; in 1885, 2,284 strikes and 183 lock­ remember that following the repeal of the purchase clause of the outs; in 1886, 10,053 strikes and 1,509 lockouts; in 1887, 6,5 0 Sherman law the trains on the Burlington and on the Union Pa­ strikes and 1,281lockouts; in 1888, 3,506 strikes and 180 lockouts; cific were all covered with laboring men getting out of the great in 1889, 3,786 strikes and 132 lockouts; in 1890 9,434 strikes and mining districts of the West. Who closed them? Did Grover do 324 lockouts. In 1 91, when, as claimed here, all the laborers it? Yes; and you helped him do it. Who sent those hundreds of were employed, we had 8,116 strikes and 546 lockouts. In 1892, laboring men down these great thoroughfares begging bread and when the McKinley bill was in the full blaze of its meridian hunting soup? Why, the gentleman from illinois rMr. HOPKlNS] glory, we had 5,540 sh·ikes and 716 lockouts. In the two years of talked about Cleveland erectjngsoup houses. God bless your dear Mc.Kinleyism-I want to impress this fact upon you-in 1891 and souls, we ereeted them all along the line of the Union Pacific and 1892 we had 13,652 strikes and 1,262lockouts. [Applause on the the Burlington to feed your progeny as they got away from the Democratic side.] ruined mines. (Applause on the Democratic side.] Restore that Mr. LACEY. Will the gentleman answer a question? money to us. Open up the great mines of that countJ:y and thou­ Mr. GREENE. Yes, sir. sands of laboring men will leave the Eastern shops and seek em­ 1\llr. LACEY. Why do you not bring your list down to date ployment in the great West again. Replerush the circulating and show whether we have been having strikes during the last medium of this country and the farmers' produce will rise in four years? price. When it rises in price, the farmer will buy more of the Mr. GREENE. If you want the records down to this date, you products of the woolen mill and of the cotton mill with which to can readily find them. clothe his wife and his children. He will buy more of the shoe­ Mr. LACEY. Has or has not the Wilson bill substantially maker·s goods to keep their feet from the f-rosts of winter. He done away with the striking business? will buy more lumber to buHd him a comfortable home. Then Mr. GREENE. No, sir. And I want to say that with the we will take the surplus from the mills. Then peace and prosper­ British gold standard prevailing in this country you never will ity will come back to this country, and, thank God, will be dwell­ stop the strikes rapplause]; you never will stop the lockonts. ing East and West, N OTth and South, under the Stars and Stripes Mr. MITCHELL. Will the gentleman yield for a question? alike. That is what we ask. That is what we will have. Let me Mr. GREENE. Yes, sir. say to you now, we will have it! (Applause on .the Democratic Ml·. MITCHELL. As the second Administration of President side.] Cleveland approached, the strikes increased in number, did they Mr. BUTLER. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a not? question? Mr. GREENE. No, sir. 1\Ir. GREENE. Yes; if it does not come out of my time. 1\Ir. MITCHELL. I understood the gentleman to say that there 1\fr. BUTLER. Is the gentleman in favor of this revenue bill were 13,000 just about that time. or against it? Mr. GREENE. That was in the two years that I named. The l\Ir. GREENE. I want you to pass it. We dare you to pass it. greatest number of strikes that we ever had in one year was in l\1r. BUTLER. Will the gentleman answer my question? 1885, when we had 10,053 strikes and 1,509lockouts. . Mr. GREENE. I have answered your question. No; I am l\Ir. MITCHELL. That was about Grover's time, too, was it against it. It is a robbery. [Applause on the Democratic side.] not? It is a robbery of the American people. We dare you to pass it. 1\lr. GREENE. And that was the time when you gentlemen · We want you to pass it. We expect you to pass it. said Grover was all right. f Applause on the Democratic side, 1\Ir. BUTLER. If you live until the 31st day of this month, you and derisive laughter on the Republican side.] will see whether ws will pass it. Mr. BUTLER. Did the Republican party say in 189JthatGro­ 1\Ir. GREENE. Iwanttosayto you that when you vote ''aye" ver Cleveland was all right? on that bill you will be sounding a requiem over your coffin. l\1r. GREENE. '\Vhy, you have indorsed everything he did. 1\Ir. MITCHELL. Then we shall be angels. 1\Ir. BUTLER. Oh, no. In 1895 what measure did the Repub­ 1\Ir. GREENE. No; you will not be angels. If so, you will be lican party indorse? angels of the other gentleman, some of you. [Laughter and ap­ Mr. GREENE. I will say that when you met at St. Louis last plause on the Democratic side.] year you indorsed the actions of Grover Cleveland's Administra­ Mr. BUTLER. Then we shall be singing under our coffins. tion and adopted the single gold standard which he recommended. Mr. GREENE. Now, then, I want to protect the American [Applause on the Democratic side.] laborer. I want him honestly protect-ed. I want protection that Mr. BUTLER. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him an­ will protect. I want protection that will furnish a market for the othet· question? products of Ame~ca. I want to furnish a consumer; that must

- • I

1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~HOUSE. 147 come before they buy the products of the mill. That will protect Throughout the campajgn you appealed to all classes opposed t;he manufact'luer; it will give employment to the laborer, and it to bimetallism to lay aside their differences on other questions ru1d will bless the consumer as well. We want that. unite with you in maintaining and perpetuating the single gold Mr. BUTLER. What is the remedv? standard. Yet, while the din of the great conflict is still echoing :Mr. GREENE. I have been telling you half .an hour, and if through the land, before the smoke of battle has lifted from the you do not comprehend me, I am not 1·esponsible. [Laughter ~nd stricke_n field, the newly elected President hastens to call Congress applause.l That is the great trouble. I had that trouble last fall. together in e.xtraordiuary session and tells us that the Wilson bill [Renewed laughter ancl applause.]_ If01;n;t.dthat I could ~otpound is the source of all our troubles and a high protective tariff the anything into them. I worked with them. I labored Wlth them. panacea for all our woes. During the campaign you told us that Mr. BUTLER. You did not lack steam. the industries of the country were pal'alyzed by the dread of _ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair begs to call the attention of "cheap money"-by the dread that the Democratic party would gentlemen to the fact that there is but one way to properly inter­ pass .a law to diminish the purchasing power of the · • poor man's rupt a gentleman who hu.s the floor, and that is to address the dollar." You now propose to calm those fears by increasi~;tg the Chair and ask the gentleman if he will yield. The Chau· begs that prices of the necessaries of life and, to that extent, diminis)liiJ.g gentlemen will not otherwise interrupt a speaker. the purchasing power of every dollar in the country. [Applause.] :M:r. GREENE. It does not inter;rupt me at all. If the gentle­ But, Mr. Chairman, there is one thing that should be said with man gets any comfort out of it, I am willing. [Laughter.] Now, respect to the protectiYe-tariff policy of the Republicau party. It then, I say that is the kind of pl'otection I want. It is the only recognizes the existence of an actual evil and the necessity of a honest protection thel'e is. I want the laborer protected. I want remedy by legislation. It is an evil, too, that was not wrought by him honestly protected in New England and in New York; I the Wilson bill nor by the Demom·atic party, for it was recognized want him protected on the great plains; I want him protected in by the Republican party to be in full force and ope1·ation when the great mines; I want him protected in the farm, in the work­ that party was in control of ev-ery branch aJ!d department of the f?hop on land and on sea, wherever he may be. I want this great Government. It is the -evil of falling prices and the inevitable Gov~rnment to reach out its strong arm and say we will give dep1·ession and demora,li~ation of industry that resl,llts. This is equal rights to all and special privileges to none. That is all we the evil which the Republican party has vainly sought to re.!lledy ask fLoud applause on the Democratic side.] th1·ough its protective legislation. The CHAIR.:HAN. The gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. CAR­ In 1890 the Ways and 1\Ieans Committee, of which Mr. :McKin­ MACK] is recognized. ley was chairman, conducted au investigation, which showed that :Mr. CARMACK. Mr. Chairman, in the short time during which there had been a general fall in the prices of commodities of about I shall claim the attention of this House I shall not attempt any 14 per cent in the preceding eighteen months, and in the report elaborate discussion of the principles of tariff taxation, and still that accompanied the McKinley bill its author declal'ed that there less shal! I attempt to review in detail the features of the pending; was widespread depression, eapecially in agTiculture, frankly bill which members on this side of the Chamber have ba1·ely had avowed that falling prices was the great evil that afflicted the in­ the' time to hastily read. The most hasty reading, however, is dustries of the country, and that it was the purpose of his bill to sufficient to show that it is a bill to exorbitantly increase the rate arrest this downward tendency. If, in the campaign which fol­ ot tariff duties and to pile higher and heavier the burdenof taxes lowed, the Republicans were able to show in some cases that prices en the shoulders of the people. The precipitate manner in which had not advanced in proportion to the increased rate of duties, it this bill was prepared and the unseemly haste with which it is be­ was simply a confession that a law avowedly intended to raise ing pressed on toitspassageseem toindicatethat gentlemen on the prices was not strong enough to resist the force that was pulling other side of the Chamber believe that they have been commis­ them down. sioned and inst1·ucted by the people to pass this pa.rticular measure Mr. Chairman, I agree with the gentlemen who framed and without the slightest modification or amendment. In no other reported the McKinley bill, that falling prices must inevitably way can we explain the manner in which this bill is being tele­ depress the industries of the country; but this is an evil that can graphed through this House and the lack of consideration shown not bereaehed or remedied by tariff laws. The economic law that to members on this side of the Chamber. the prices of commodities are determined by the volume of money Whence comes the dema~1d for the passage of this bill? I as­ can not be repealed or reversed by any statute or any Congress . .sert, Nr. Chairman, that there is absolutely nothing in the his­ The most that can be done by high-tariff laws is to aggravate the tory of the late campaign to justify the assumption by that side evil by suspending the downward tendency as to a few selected of the Chamber that the people of this country approved, intended, articles while leaving it in full force and effect as to all others. ()r expected the passage of such a measure. It seems to me that So far as the great body of the people, and especially the agricul­ in the prominence now being given to the tariff question by the tural classes, ru·e concerned, no amount of sophistry can bring Republican party they are making an issue here that was not an them under the alleged benefits of this or any other protective issue in the carnpajgn. We see here repeated, with variations, the meastue. The farmer must sell his products in open and free history of the campaign of 1892. In that contest the taTiff ques· competition. The price of every bushel of wheat and of every tion, so far as the Democratic and Republican parties were con­ pound of cotton sold in this country is fixed by the price of the cerned, was the leading, the all-absorbing issue. Both the great surplus in Liverpool and by the competition of the most degraded rival political organizations agreed to put the money question pauper labor on earth. No tariff law can prevent the competition aside with a few soothing platitudes and propitiatory generalities of the Russian peasant, the Indian ryot, and the Egyptian fellah and to make ·' rugh tariff" and "low tariff" the shibboleths of with the American producers of the field and farm. The farmer, the campaign. while thus compelled to sell in open competition with all the In that contest the Democratic or low-tariff party achieved a world, must buy the necessaries of life in a market where protec­ great triumph, and Grover Cleveland, called to be an apostle of tion laws exclude competition from abroad and trusts and com­ tariff reform, was elected President, with a Democratic Congress bines .have strangled competition at home. He is thus ground at his back. But, Mr. Chairman, hardly had he been inducted between the upper and the nether millstone of competition and into his office .before he forgot that the tariff question was living, monopoly, and crucified between the foreign pauper and the and proceeded to call Congress together in e.x:traordinary .session American thief. [Laughter and loud applause on the Democratic to legislate in favor of the gold standard. The legislation that side.] followed and the policy of the Administration fol'ced the money It is vain, Mr. Chairman, to talk to the American farmer about question to the front and made it the great issue of the campaign. the great blessings of the "home market" \vith the fact of his That was the issue upon which the people divided and the oppos­ growing dependence on foreign markets constantly before hinl. Do _ing forces came together in conflict on the 3d day of November. gentlemen on the other side think to delude the farmer with t_he In that contest free traders and protectionists fought side by hope that by this proposed law you can give him a market at home side for the gold standard; free traders and protectionists fought for every pound of his cotton and every bushel of his wheat? Sir, side by side for the free coinage of silver. l\lr. McKinley and Mr. we have had this blesSBd system of protection for nearly forty Cleveland marched shoulder to shoulder under the same flag, and years, and year by year we Ree a great and increasing surplus of the distinguished Speaker of this House and one of his predeces­ our products going abroad for a mru·ket; and there are millions sors, Mr. Carlisle, kept step to the same music, slept under the of .acres of land yet to be subjecteLl to tillage and to pour their same blanket, ate in the same mess. I say to you, Mr. Chairman, wealth of wheat and corn and cotton into the markets of the that Mr. CleYeland, Mr. Carlisle, and all that class of free traders world. did not vote nor intend to vote for a high protective tariff when Is it possible, 1\Ir. Chairman, for any sane man to even hope for they helped to restore the Republican party to power. The result the time when all our agricultural products will be bought and of that campaign was not a victory for protection, nor was it a de­ consumed at home? By what process is this to be accomplished? feat for fi·ee trade. It was simply a defeat for the cause of bimet­ Gentlemen tell us that by "fostering American industries," by allism and a victoryfor the single gold standard. It was the gold encouraging the building of mills and factories, we will increase standard and not the protective tariff that brought to your help the number of consrli:ners of American farm products. But there ~n the hour of your peril the money power,_not only of this coun­ is a limit beyond which we can not pass in this matter of creating try, but of the world. consumers by developing manufactures. The manufacturers 148 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. themselves must find consumers for their products, and when~ tion of adamant, rests the fabric of free government and the hope ever they reach the point that they can find no more they have of free men. But let me ask, How do you protect the workingman reached the limit of their own capacity to consume the prod­ by a system t~:tat breeds trusts and combines, which enthrones ucts of others. I believe it is true that in nearly all the great monopo~y, whu~h straD:gles cm;npetition, which arbitrarily restricts branches of industry in this country there is a capacity to pro­ production, which demes to him the full employment of his energy duce in six months more than the American people can consume and his faculties by restTicting him to a market that can not con· in twelve months. Sir, American industry has already grown so s~me the products of his labor? Start up all your mills and facto­ great that it can grow no more until it breaks down the walls that !les! let them run on _full time and at the top of their capacity, and confine it to one country and goes out upon the sea. [Applause.] 1~ su months you Wlll have glutted the American market, and for We are sometimes told, Mr. Chairman, that we are unpatriotic su months more the American workingman will have nothing to or un~American, in that we do not fully appreciate the greatness of do but to walk the highways and meditate upon the beneficence of our country and its ability to live within itself. Those who say a protective tariff. [Applause.] this themselves underrate the mighty force of American genius Sir, this country is not large enough, theo wide world is none too when they seek to bind it to a single continent. larg~, to give ample scope for the genius and enterprise of Ameri­ The people of this count1·y are indeed great to consume; but can mdustry. The greatest protection to American labor is that they are incomparably greater to produce. If there are 75,000,000 ~hich. the Amelican ~orkingman has within himself-his supe· mouths to be fed and 75,000,000 bodies to be clothed, there are nor skill and productiveness, his energy, his intelligence, his in­ 150 000 OOOhandsto supply the clothing and the food. Our" home­ dustrial prowess, which make him more than equal to any com­ ma~ket" friends are fond of telling us of the greatness of this petitor the ·world can send against him. I remember once sit­ country of its 75,000.000 people, of its vast expanse of territory. ting in the gallery of this House and listening to a speech by a Mr. Ch~irman, this is a great country; it has a vast territory; distinguished advocate of protection. In that speech he drew a but vast as it is, it is not vast enough to contain the victorious picture of the American workingman-strong, stalwart, intelligent, ene;gies of the American people. [Applause.] As I have said, in full of spirit, of energy, of hope; rejoicing like a strong man to almost every branch of industry the productive capacity is far run a race. Then he pictured his European rival and competi­ greater than the capacity of all the American people to consume. tor-a poor, miserable, ignorant, half-starved, and hopeless crea­ Thus we have shut-downs. Thus we have lockouts. Thus we ture; and next he made an eloquent appeal to the House to pro­ have mills and factories running on half time, and thus we have tect the stalwart American against the assaults of his miserable American industry working with one hand tied behind it, lest and decrepit rival. Put the two in the same arena; pit them one with both hands employed it produce more than it can sell or con­ against the other-the trained and clever athlete against the puny sume. Sir trusts and other forms of monopoly to limit produc­ and stupid starvling-and which of them needs a shield and buck­ tion and ar'bitrarily fix prices and a constantly increasing number ler against the other? Mr. Blaine demonstrated a great truth of idle workingmen are the inevitable result of a system of laws when in his Report on the Cotton Goods Trade he showed that, that confines the industries of the country to a market too narrow while the American operatives received a higher wage rate, they for their capacity. . . turned out more goods for every dollar they received than any Mr. Chairman, as I have shown, the American people, desp1te other workingmen on earth, and that, iu fact, their labor was the proud boast of the ''home marketers," are large exporters of cheaper to their employers than the labor of European operatives. staple farm products, and must continue to be. If the protection­ The same is true in practically every branch of trade and industry. ist dream could be realized and every product of foreign labor Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield for should be excluded from our soil, let me ask who would buy our a question? exported products and how would they be paid for? Do you sup­ Mr. CARMACK. Certainly. pose they could be paid for in gold? Why in a few years it would Mr. MITCHELL. Granting all that you say about the Ameri­ drain the gold of Europe down to the last dollar. If for six can workingman's ability, will you kindly give us your views on months, or three months, the people of Europe were compelled to the question how we can get the necessary money to run this ship us gold to pay for our exports, it would cause a financial col~ Government without a protective tariff or without a tariff? lapse that would shake the industrial world from center to cir­ Mr. CARMACK. A protective tariff does not coin money. cumference. There is not gold enough nor money enough in Mr. MITCHELL. I do not say that it would. Europe to pay for the exports of this country if they could only Mr. CARMACK. So far as that is concerned, I will say to the be paid for in that way. How are they to be paid for? They can gentleman that the law now on the statute books, the Wilson Act, not be paid for in money; they can not be paid for in gold or sil­ is yielding ample revenue to meet the needs of the Government, ver. The exported products of this country can only be paid for and there is a surplus in the Treasury. It does not necessarily in the products of other countries; and whenever and to whatever follow that your protective tariff law is going to produce the rev­ extent you restrict the right of other countries to sell to us to enue you expect. The :McKinley Act was a measure of much the that extent you limit their nower to buy from us. Every restraint same character as this, and it reduced the revenues so largely upon the importation of foreign goods is a restraint upon the ex­ that the Government was on the verge of bankruptcy, and had to portation of American goods. resort to the expedient of sta.ving off its obligations and asking its It is urged, Mr. Chairman, that we should enact this law in the creditors to call again next Saturday. [Laughter.] And the interest of American labor. I do not wish to be uncharitable, but plates had already been prepared for an issue of bonds when Presi­ I can not help feeling a trifle suspicious and a trifle incredulous dent Harrison went out of office. when 1 observe such manifestations of tender solicitude for the Mr. MITCHELL. Oh, no. poor workingman on the part of those who have wrung their Mr. CARMACK. Yes, sir; that is true. I heard it asserted on ill-got wealth from the tears and bloody sweat of their toiling the floor of the Senate by Senator Blackburn at the extra session countrymen. Mr. Chairman, there was once a historic character of 1893 and admitted to be true by Senator Sherman. who, upon a notable occasion, expressed a like solicitude for the Mr. LENTZ. And Secretary Foster admitted the same thing. poor. It was when Mary came to pour her precious ointment at Mr. CARMACK. Yes, sir. Mr. Foster, who was at the head her Saviour's feet, when all the disciples were gathered around, of the Treasury Department at the time, admitted it; and, in fact, and when every eye was wet and every heart was touched by this there is no shadow of doubt about it. How does the gentleman simple act of womanly devotion. All but one. A certain Judas know, when he goes back to McKinleyism, that he will not have Iscariot was there, and he said, "Why was not this ointment another McKinley deficit in the revenues? To the extent that a sold and the money given to the poor? " Ah, Judas, does your tariff law is protective, it checks imports and thereby destroys heart really ache for the sufferings of the miserable and the un­ revenue. This was the avowed object of the McKinley bill. At fortunate? My friends, the Bible tells us that "this he said, not that time we had to deal with a surplus revenue, and the very title that he cared for the poor, but because he was a thief and carried of the .McKinley bill was "An act to reduce the revenues." The the bag and bare what was put therein." Republican party in its national platform had declared in favor of Now, I do not mean to say that the protected manufacturers are reducing the revenues by making the tariff so high that it would thieves, but I do say that they carry the bag, and they bare what cut down importations-to diminish the revenue of the Govern­ is put therein. [Laughter and applause.] Every dollar that is ment by increasing the taxes of the people. It carried out that taxed out of the pockets of the American people for the pretended object so well that it swept the Treasury clean and deprived the benefit of labor goes first into the pocket of the protected manu­ Government of the means to meet its current obligations. Yet facturer. He carries the bag, and I seriously doubt whether he gentlemen on the other side of the Chamber continue to charge would evince so much tender sympathy for the poor workingman the Wilson bill with destroying the revenues. . if he did not carry the bag. [Laughter and applause.] Mr. Chairman, I am no apologist for the Cleveland Administra­ Sir, whenever and wherever my voice is raised I shall speak, in tion, and especially am I no apologist for its scandalous bond an humble way, as the champion of all the producing masses of issues. But there is this to be said in extenuation: When the this country, whether in the field or the factory, the mill or the Cleveland Administl'ation came in it inherited from it predecessor mine. They more than all others deserve the highest consideration an empty Treasury, a deficit in the revenues, and the plates on from the lawmaker, for their toil creates the wealth of the world, which to print a lot of bonds. The Republican party was like a and on their honesty, patriotism, and intelligence, as on a founda- maJ.icious person defeated in an a-ction of ejectment, who, before ·. 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 149 vacating the premises, proceeded to burn the fence rails, to poison the honor to represent in this Congress, no less a personage than the the horse pond, and throw a dead cat in the well. [Laughter on late Hon. Roswell G. Horr, came to Washington in connection the Democratic side.] When the new Administration came in it with an honored citizen of Saginaw, another Republican, the late had to repair the waste of its predecessor. It had to rebuild the Judge Edget, and through their influence in behalf of the indus­ fences; it had to drain off the horse pond; it had to fish out the cat. tries of the Saginaw Valley got that tariff rate reduced from S1.50 rLaughter.] So far as the question of reyenue is concerned, Mr. to $1 a thousand. . Chairman, you can levy a tariff that will not foster monopolies, With a retaliatory clause similar to the one found in this Dingley that will not breed trusts, and will yet supply an abundant reve­ bill. Now, what is proposed to be done to-day? You take the nue for the needs of the Government. standing pine of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, and they Mr. MITCHELL. Will you kindly give us your ideas of that are owned by corporations or individuals that you can almost kind of a tariff? · count upon your fingers' ends. The men who own the factories Mr. CARMACK. My friend, I can not undertake to draw a do not in a majority of instances own a stick of standing pine tariff bill in a speech. But if I were going to draw a revenue bill, trees, and they compete with one another on the saw bill. The I should levy revenua duties. . men who own the pine trees let the contract of logging, let the Mr. COCHRAN of Missouri. I was going to suggest that gen­ contract of driving, let the contract of sawing, and when the lum­ tlemen on the other side of the Chamber took pains that we should ber is piled upon the docks they then convert it into money. Who have no time to draw any bill except this one. [Laughter and are the men that they engage in these industries? Do they dis­ applause on the Democratic side.] crhninate between American citizens and the pauper labor of Mr. CARMACK. That is quite true. But I would say that if Eluope? By no means. To-day, my friends, it is a fact that I were drafting a revenue bill, 1 should as nearly as possible levy there are nearly as many mills running upon the Saginaw River duties for revenue only. and giving employment to men-mills sawing Canadian logs, 1\fr. CALLAHAN. And you could levy an income tax. towed across the lake and up the river-as there are mills on the Mr. CARMACK. Yes, I would do that if I could; and I would river cutting American pine; and now they come here and ask put a small duty, such as would not materially add to the cost to Congress to place a tariff of 82 a thousand on hunber. the consumer, on coffee, tea, sugar, and otb.er articles not produced, Who will it benefit? It will not benefit the man that is operat­ or produced only to a limited extent, in this country. I would put ing in the woods as a jobber. It will not benefit the man with just as much of the tax into the Treasury as I could, and put just cork boots driving the logs down the river, or the men who oper­ as little into the pockets of protected favorites as possible. In ate in the mills, because there is free and open competition in the short, Mr. Uhairman, I would not farm out the taxing power to labor market of the Saginaw Valley and with Canada. Do they favored classes and suffer them to levy tribute on the people for pretend that by placing this tariff of 82 a thousand upon lumber their own private gain, but I would use it only to supply the needs they are going to pay the American laboring man higher wages? of the Government, economically administered. I would, if I could, I stand here and state it as a fact, and it can not be contradicted, raze to the ground every barrier to peaceful commerce, I would that the wages paid in the Canadian pineries are equal in amount strike every shackle from the limbs of trade, and I would leave to the wages paid jn Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin pineries. American genius and enterprise free to adventure forth to the There are to-day as many native-:born Americans working in the uttermost parts of the earth. [Applause on the Democratic side.] Canadian pineries as there are Canadians working in the Ameri­ rHere the hammer fell.l can pineries. Who will this benefit? It will benefit no one but 'l'he CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Michigan [Mr. the men who own the pine trees. Who are the men who own the BRUCKER J is recognized. pine trees? A few men, as I say; you can count them upon your :Mr. BRUCKER. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the commit­ fingers' ends. This legislation is proposed in their interest, and at tee, it certainly would be an imposition upon the House should I at a cost of S2 a thousand to the American consumers, without add­ this hour undertake to go into.any general discussion of the merits ing a dollar or a farthing to the American workingmen engaged of this bill as-a whole. I simply want at this time to call attention in this industry. of the gentlemen upon the other side and of my colleagues upon Now, in addition to that, human nature is human nature, the this side to one or two features of the bill. It is rather amusing world over. I have said that a large number of the mills along to me to hear the gentlemen upon the other side of the Chamber, the lake front and on the Saginaw River are operating to-day upon and especially the gentleman from illinois [Mr. HOPKINS], talk logs that are cut in the Canadian pineries and are towed across the about ''the dear laboring men," and how this proposed bill is going lake and up these rivers. I will tell you what these gentlemen are to benefit them. Now, so far as I a.m concerned, I desii·e in the after--these men who own the few standing pine trees that are still brief time allotted to me to undertake to demonstrate that that left in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. There is a retalia­ feature of the bill which I shall address myself to, if enacted into tory clause in this bill providing that if Canada puts an export law, will not rekindle a-single furnace, will not give an additional duty upon her saw logs, the import duty shall be increased upon day's labor to the laboring man, and will not add one penny to the sawed lumber over and above the two-dollar rate. These men amount that he will receive per day. I refer partic:ularly to the want Canada to do that very act. Let Canada place an export duty wood schedule, and that portion of it which undertakes to place upon her saw logs, and it will stop one-half of the mills upon Lake a duty of-$2 per thousand on rough lumber. Huron and the Saginaw River from operating, because they do not Now, I come from the portion of Michigan known as the Sagi­ own the pine trees in Michigan, but are dependent upon Canadian naw Valley, which has perhaps produced more lumber and more logs as a source of their supply. salt than any other portion of this great country; and in this uill In this day anq age of enlightenment and invention the men it is proposed to place a tariff upon lumber of 82 per thousand, who operate these large lumber limits and these mills, with all ostensibly for the purpose of benefiting ''the dear laboring man." their improved machinery and all their facilities for doing busi­ In the Saginaw Valley to-day we are peculiarly situated. The ness (and they are all wealthy men or corporations)-these men great pine industry of Michigan is practically gone. The stand­ come before the American Congress and say what? Let us be ing trees, the natural wealth of this country, years ago were gob­ honest and fair about this matter. They say: "We have acquired bled up by speculators, bought at Government prices; a tariff put the natural wealth of the country-these pine trees. No man ever upon lumber for the purpose of protecting the operators in the grew them or produced them. Nature produced them and we woods, upon the rivers, and in the mills, ostensibly; but the men have got them. Whether we bought them at speculative prices, who purchased and acquired that timber, the men who converted or how we got them, makes no difference. We own them now, it into lumber, and finally into money, after they had come to the and we are here before this Congress to say that, with all our cap­ American Congress and got their protection of $2 a thousand upon ital, with all our improved machinery, and all om· facilities for the lumber, went back home and into Canada and advertised in cutting this timber and manufactlu-ing it into lumber with abso­ Canada, "A thousand men wanted in the American pineries;" and lute free trade in labor, we can not do it unless this great Repub­ they came and glutted the labor marlmt of Michigan, and they lic steps in and gives us a protective tariff of S2 a thousand to employed these men, the pauper labor of Europe, as they termed protect us against the Canadian who pe1·haps owns the pine trees them, imported for the very purpose of competing with the dear upon the other side of the lake!" They ask this upon the plea of American workingmen whom they professed their tariff bill was protecting the American laborer and paying him higher wages. intended to protect-absolute free trade in labor during all these I stand here to say that I have had fifteen years of practical ex­ years. perience in those mills-- Now, I say to-day, look at the situation of affairs. In 1890, Mr. SIMPSON of Kansas. Will the gentleman permit a ques­ when the McKinley bill was enacted, they did not ask for the tion there? exorbitant rates that you find in this Dingley bill to-day. The Mr. BRUCKER. Yes, 8ir. pine industry then was on the wane. The highest rate asked for Mr. SIMPSON of Kansas. I presume you are from that district at that time was $1.50 a thousand upon lumber. They got it in where they manufacture this lumber? the House; but when it went over to the Senate, what happened? Mr. BRUCKER. Yes, sir. I state it upon authority, and I know whereof I speak, that a gen­ Mr. SIMPSON of Kansas. Have you any idea that they VTill tleman who heretofore represented the district that I now have divide this extra $2 a thousand among then· laborers? 150 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 22,

l!ir. BRUCKER. I was just going to say that I had had prac­ the year 1890 there was no laboring man in the woods whore­ tic-al experience in that line. Gentleman talk about the dear ceived less than $26 a month? laboring man, and about giving the manufacturers protection so Mr. BRUCKER. I know as a positive fact that as early as 1888 that they may look out for the laboring man and his interests. As men were working in Michigan pineries for as low as$18 a month. I say, I have had fifteen years' experience in those mills, and that Mr. MORRIS. Then the condition of affairs was different from experience leads me to the conclusion that the only friend in God's what it was in Minnesota. world that the laboring man has is himself. The rule is: "Every Mr. BRUCKER. I know what I state to be a fact. man for himself and the devil take the hindmost." [Laughter.] Now, I say it is a sad commentary upon the intelligence and That is the experience of the laboring man on the Sagmaw River. business ability of these men, owning as they do this natural Mr. MITCHELL. May I ask the gentleman a question? wealth, which is disappeaTing in these great States of Michigan, Mr. BRUCKER. Yes, sir. Wisconsin, and Minnesota, that they should at this day come down Mr. MITCHELL. Did yon own the mill in which you say here begging at the hands of the American Congress to be pro­ nobody looked after the interest of the laboring man? tected agajnst the Canadian manufacturer of lumber. Mr. BRUCKER. No, sir. I never possessed wealth enough to Mr. SIMPSON of Kansas. Will. the gentleman allow me a ques­ own a mill. I was at work for one of these very institutions who tion? are asking for this additional tax of $2 per thousand. [Laughter. Mr. BRUCKER. Certainly. Applause on the Democratic side.] Mr. SIMPSON of Kansas. As I understand from the gentle­ 1\".Ir. MORRIS. May I ask the gentleman how long it is since man's argument, this bill will give an opportunity to rob the the duty on lumber was $.2 a thousand? American consumers to the extent of $2 a thousand extra on the Mr. BRUCKER. I think that was the rate under the Morrill lumber they consume. tariff. Mr. BRUCKER. That is my judgment; that is the conclusion 1\Ir. MORRIS. Up to what dattl was the duty $2 a thousand? which I have reached in case the duty is placed so high that im­ Mr. BRUCKER. It was reduced by the McKinley bill, I be- portation is practically prohibited. lieve, to Sl a thousand. :Mr. SIMPSON of Kansas. l: think you aTe right. [Laughter 1\fr. MORRIS. The duty was $2 up to 1890, was it not? and applause.] Mr. BRUCKER. Yes, sir. 1\fr. BRUCKER. The tendency will be at the same time to nag Mr. MORRIS. And then it was made $1? Canada into putting an export duty.on logs, so as to pl'event the Mr. BRUCKER. Yes, sir. logs from coming over here and prevent the mills that now use Mr. MORRIS. Prior to 1890, for many years, the people in the those logs from operating. Then these men will have the exclu­ Saginaw Valley were sawing their own pine, were they not? sive markets, except what Canada may ship under the higher rate. Mr. BRUCKER. Yes, sir. I shall, when the proper time comes, offer an amendment to I'e­ ~11'. MORRIS. What was the duty on lumber while they were duce the rate of duty on sawed lumber of aU kinds from S2 to Sl. sawing then· own pine? Some gentlemen may ask, "Why do that? Why not ask to have 1\Ir. BRUCKER. I think it was 82 a thousand from 1874 to the duty entirely removed?" Well, while this plunder is going 1890. around all over the coun~ry I am not selfish enough to stand up Mr. MORRIS. Was not theii- own pine nearly all sawed out and argue that our people or a certain portion of our people should by 1890? not have a part of it. [Laughter.] 1\Ir. BRUCKER. All the Michigan pine? There is another feature of this bill to which I wish to call at­ l\11'. MORRIS. All the pine in the Saooinaw Valley. Was it tention. These aTe the rebate clauses. There is a tariff on salt, not nearly sawed out by 1890? which I shall support. And then there is a rebate in that section Mr. BRUCKER. No, sir. permitting whom to do what? Permitting Phil Armour and the Mr. MORRIS. Was it not, about that time, fast approaching great meat packers and curers of fish to import their salt practi­ the point of being sawed out? cally duty free-men who can afford to pay a duty upon any arti­ Mr. BRUCKER. I should say that the pine industry in the cle. The salt is imported and the duty paid in the first instance Saginaw Valley had reached its height about the year 1886-87. by Phil .Armour & Co. But if afterwards he or one of his agents Mr.l\IORRIS. And it was then rapidly diminishing, was it not? makes an affidavit that that salt was used in the curing of meat or Mr. BRUCKER. Yes, sir. fish for foreign exportation, the duty under this bill is to be re­ Mr. MORRIS. It was about that time that the Saginaw lum­ funded. Now, why pick out Phil Armour and these great corpora­ ber manufacturers were acquiring every limit they could in tions to receive this special privilege? Canada,.was it not? Mr. LITTLE. They "put up" during the campaign. [Laugh­ Mr. BRUCKER. I presume that is a fact- ter.l Mr. MORRIS. Will the gentleman answer my question? 1\!r. BRUCKER. Yes, sir; they "put up" during the cam­ Mr. BRUCKER. I ha-ve answered the gentleman's question; paign. but if he is under any impression that I am here representing any There is another clause, the rebate upon lumber-lumber, for Canadian interest, or any Saginaw manufacturer, or the interest of instance, imported by the Standard Oil Company. Go to the anyone else who owns Canadian limits, I wish to say I do not look at Treasury Department and find out who are the individuals who that selfish side of the question. My proposition is this, that human take advantage of these rebate clauses under our tariff laws and nature is human nature the world over; and if, after we place a the amount of money that they take out of the Federal Treasury. duty of $2 a thousand on lumber, Canada should retaliate by Under the provisions of this bill the Standard Oil Company can plaCing an export duty on logs, Canadian logs being now the import lumber into this countTy, pay the duty on it in the first source .of supply of many of the mills on the lake front and the instance, then use it in boxingtheii· forejgn exports, and afterwards Saginaw River, that supply would be cut off. make affidavit or certificate that the lumber has been so used and Mr. MORRIS. Will the gentleman permit a further question? then they can draw back the money which they paid as duty. Mr. BRUCKER. Yes, sir. Why did you make an exception of these individuals? It is un­ 1\Ir. MORRIS. It was about that time, was it not, that that in­ doubtedly because they contributed very heavily to the late cam­ dustry, through its representatives, came down here and had the paign fund. [Applause and laughter on the Democratic side.] duty reduced to 1? And I shall at the propel' time offeT amendments striking out these Mr. BRUCKER. In 1890? rebate clauses. Mr. MORRIS. Yes, sir. Now, I would not stand here and urge eitheT of these proposi­ Mr. BRUCKER. Itwasdone&t theinstanceof gentlemen from tions if I did not think they were for the interest, not only of my the valley who had the best interests of the future of the Saginaw constituents, but for the interest of the toiling millions, the con­ Valley in view. sumers in this country. I say that a protective tariff of $2 per ~ir. MORRIS. Now, is it not a fact that most of the lumber­ thousand upon lumber to-day is an outrage. I say the lumber men in the Saginaw Valley get all their pine from Canada? industry does not need it. Talk about it being an infant industry, Mr. BRUCKER. No, sir; it is not a fact, though they get a needing the helping hand and encom·agement of this Government! large portion of it. I do not see how men can have the cheek and hardihood to come Mr. MORRIS. Is not most of their lumber in the Saginaw Val­ here to Congress, come before the Committee on Ways and Means. ley obtained from Canada? knowing the condition of the pine industry of this country, and '1\Ir. BRUCKER. No, sir; they do not buy any lumber from ask for a two-dollar protective tariff on lumber t-o-day. But they Canada. ha\e all been here. I hold in my hand Schedule B, "Wood and 1\Ir. MORRIS. I mean their logs. manufactures of wood, tariff hearings before the Committee on Mr. BRUCKER. Yes, sir; a quantity of the logs now sawed Ways and Means." The manufacturers have all been before this in the mills of the Saginaw River come from a-cross the lakes. Committee on Ways and 1\Ieans. They have had their day in court. Mr. 1\fORRIS. They come from Canada? Now, you would naturally think that if the laboring men of Michi­ Mr. BRUCKER. Yes, sir: from Canada. gan, of the Saginaw Valley, were interested in a two-dollar taTiff :Mr. MORRIS. That is what I supposed. Now, will the gen­ upon lwnber, or any tariff upon lumber, if it was going to better tleman permit another question? Does he not know that up to their condition, to add to the amount that they would earn per 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 151

day, you would naturally think that some of the great labor unions ~. a bill (H. R. 1886) to amend the act of Congress approved of the Saginaw Valley would have been representeq before this May 14, 1880, entitled "An act for the relief of settlers on the committee, would have at least sent an application or written a public lands "-to the Committee on the Public Lands. letter to this committee, asking it to put a tariff of $2 per thou­ By Mr. CURTIS of Iowa: A bill (H. R. 1837) to promote the sand upon lumber to benefit them. Read the hearings through, purposes of theN ational Conserv-atory of M usic-:to the Committee read the petitions that were sent, read the letters that were sent, on Education. .and you can not find the letter or application of one laboring man By Mr. GROSVENOR: A bill (H. R. 1888) to amend the act of in that whole State of IDchigan that e-ver asked this Committee January 16, 1883, entitled "An act to regulate and improve the on Ways and Means to put a two-dollar tariff rate upon lumber. civil service of the United Sta-tes "-to the Committee on Reform I thank yon for your attention, gentlemen. [Applause on the in the Civil Service. Democratic side.] By 1\Ir. CONNOLLY: A biTI (H. R. 1889) to provide for the The CHAIRMAN. The Chair would like to inquire if any other purchase of a site and the erection of a public building thereon at gentleman desires to be heard this evening. · The gentleman from Oarlinville1 in the State of illinois-to the Committee on Public South Dakota [Mr. KELLEY], who was to speak this evening, has Buildings and Grounds. notified the Chair that he does not d-esire to speak. Tbe Chair is By Mr. BERRY (by request): A bill (H. R. 1890) to obtain more ready to recognize any gentleman who wishes to speak now. silver and gold currency for farmers through international ar­ Mr. MITCHELL. I move that the committee do now rise. rangem-ents-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. The motion was "!-greed to. By Mr. GILLET of New York: A bill (H. R. 1891) for the erec­ The committee accordingly rose; and Mr. HoPKINS having re­ ti-on of a public building at Elmira, N. Y.-to tbe Committee on sumed the chair as Speaker pro tempore, Mr. SHERMAN, Chairman Public Buildings and Grounds. of the Committee of the Whole Rouse on the state of the Union, By Mr. BUTLER: A bill (H. R. 2053) to adjust the pensions of reported that that committee bad had under consideration the those who have lost limbs or were totally disabled in them in the bill (H. R. 379) to provide revenue for the Government and to late war of the rebellion-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. encom-age the industries of the United States, and• had come to no By Mr. McRAE: A joint resolution (H. Res. 3i) proposing an resolution thereon. amendment to the Constitution of the United States-t-:> the Com­ And then, on moti-on of ~h. SHERM.AN (at 10 o'clock and 35 mittee on the Judiciary. minutes p.m.), the House adjourned tmtil to-morrow at 10 o'clock By Mr. MORRIS: A joint resolution (H. Res. 35) declaring tbe a.m. lands within the former M.ille Lac Indian Reservation, in ]'}finne­ sota, to be -subject to entry under the land laws of the United States-to the Committee on the Public Lands. PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS Also, a joint resolution (H. Res. 36) to extend the time of pay­ INTRODUCED. ment to settlers on the ceded agricultural lands of the former Red Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials Lake Indian Reservation, :Minn.-to the Committee on the Public of the following titles were introduced and severally referred as Lands. follows: By Mr. CHARLES W. STONE: A joint resolution (H. Res. 37) By Mr. BARLOW: A bill (H. R.1866) to repeal an act entitled authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to make experiments to "~1\..n act to repeal timber laws, and for other purposes"-to the determine the best material for minor coinage, and to submit to Committee on the Public Lands. Congress new designs for coins-to the Committee on Coinage, By l\Ir. MAXWELL: A bill (H. R. 1867) changing the time to Weights, and Measm·es. an earlier date wh-en the first regular session of each new Congress By Mr. TODD: A resolution (Honse Res. No. 22) of inquiry rela­ shall begin-to the Committee on the Judiciary. tive to delay in payment of pensions to veteran soldiers at Detroit, By MT. GIBSON: A bill (H. R. 1868) to secure the safe trans­ Mich., and to prevent delay of the public business-to the Com­ mission of public documents-to the Committee on the Post-Office· mittee on Invalid Pensions. .and Post-Roads. • Also, a bill (H. R_ 1869) for the relief of tobacco grower.s-to PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS INTRODUCED. tb.e Committee on Ways and :Means. Undercla.use 1 of Rnle XXII, private bills and resolutions of the Also a bill (H. R. 1870) to facilitate the payment of pensions­ following titles were introduced and se-verally referred as follows: to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. B.A.RTHOLDT: A bill (H. R. 1892) for the relief of Also, a bill (H. R. 1871) to auth-orize personal payments of pen- Michael Dittlinger-to the Committee on War Claims. sions-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. · By Mr. BERRY: A bill (H. R. 1893) to remove the charge of Also, a bill (H. R. 187'2) to pension disabled teamsters-to the desertion against John Crawford, etc.-to the Committee on l.Iili­ Committee on Invalid Pensions. tary Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 1873) to restore widows to the pension rolls Also, a bill (H. R. 1894) for the relief of John Riley-to the ., " in certain cases-to th13 Committee on Invalid Pensions. Committee on War Claims. · • Also, a bill (H. R. 1874) to do justice to the widows of our sol­ Also, a bill (H. R. 1895) to remove the charge of desertion diers and sailors-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. against J.ames Mm·phy and to grant him an honorable dischru.·ge- Also, a bill (H. R. 1875) to do justice to all Union soldiers and to the Comm.i ttee on Military Affairs. sailors who were confined in rebel prisons-to the Committee on By Mr. CLARK of Missouri: A bill (H._R. 1896) to increase the Invalid Pensions. pension of Clark W. Harrington, late sergeant of Company I, Also, a bill (H. R. 18'76) to gTant a pension to all Union soldiers Ninety-third New York Infantry-to the Committee on Invalid and sailors in certain cases-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 1877) to incr-ease the pensions of all helpless By Mr. EVANS: A bill (H. R. 18:97). granting a pension to Mrs. .. soldiers and· sailors-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Sm;a;n A. Huber, Louisville, Ky.-to the Committee on Invalid Also, a bill (H. R. 1878) to amend section 4716 of the Revised Pensions. Statutes of the United States-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ By Mr. GIBSON: A bill (H. R. 1898) for the allowance of oer· sions. tain claims for stores and supplies reported by the Court of Claims Also, a bill (H. R. 1879) to do justice to pensioners by _quieting under the provisions of the act approved March .3, 1883, and com­ their title-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. monly known as the Bowman A.ct, a:nd for other purposes-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 1880) to prescribe the pleading., practice, and Committee on War Claims. proo~ in prosecmting pension claims-to the Committee on Invalid Also, a bill (H. R. 1899) to increase the pBnsion of Jordan A. PensiOns. Li-vely-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 1881) for the relief of the N ationaJ Guards of Also, a bill (H. R. 1900) for the relief of the Presbyterian Church East Tennessee-to the Committee on Military Affairs. of London, Loudon County, Tenn.-to the Committee on War By Mr. HEPBURN: A bill (H. R. 1882) authorizing the Secre­ Claims. taJ.·y of the Treasury to effect an adjustment between the United Also, a bill (H. R. 1901) for the relief of S. 111. McGuire, of States and the Sioux City and Pa-cific Railway Company in rela­ Whitepine, Jefferson County, Tenn.-to the Committee on Wax tion to certain bonds issu-ed by the United States in aid of the con­ Claims. struction of said railway-to the Committee on the Pacific Rail­ Also, a bill (H. R. 1902) for the relief of Michael Low-to the road. Committee on Military Affairs. .Also, a bill (H. R. 1883) to incorporate the Columbia Telephone Also, .a bill (H. R. 1903) to carry out tb.e findings of the Court Company-to tbe Committee on the District of Columbia. of Claims in the case of the estate of Robert Mcintyre, deceased­ By l\1r. MORRIS: A bill (H. R. 1884) for the relief of sBttlers to the Committee on War Claims. on the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation, in Minnesot~to the Com­ Also, a bill (H. R. 1904:) for the relief of Calv-in 1\Iallacote-to mittee on the Public Lands. the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 1885) to amen-d an .act entitled "An act for Also, a bill (H. R. 1905) for tQ.e relief of John B. :1\Ialone, of the relief and ci-vilization of the Chippewa Indian.s in the State of Union County~ Tenn.-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Minnesota," approved January 14, 188:9-:tothe Committee on In­ Also~ .a bill (H. R. 1906) for the relief of Sarah E. Massey, of dian Affairs. Sevier County, Tenn.-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. •

152 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 22,

Also, a bill (H. R.1907) to correct the military record of William Also, a bill (H. R. 1947) grantin~ a pension to Mary A. Bird, of B. 1\falone-to the Committee on :Military Affairs. Fox, Sevier ..County, Tenn.-tothe Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 1908) to grant a pension to Robert A. Mee­ Also, a bill (H. R. 1948) to increase the pension of Darius :M. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Acuff-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 1909) to grant a pension to Elizabeth H. Also, a bill (H. R. 1949) granting a pension to Andrew L. Melton, of Loudon County, Tenn.-to the Committee on Invalid Anderson-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 1950) for the relief of the trustees of Holston Also, a bill (H. R. 1910) for the relief of Herman J. Miller, of Seminary, at Newmarket, Tenn.-to t}fe Committee on War Union County, Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 1911) to restore the pension to Robert W. Also, a bill (H. R. 1951) for the relief of James W. Holt-to the Mills-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 1912) to grant a pension to JosephS. Morris, Also, a bill (H. R. 1952) granting a pension to Mary Chambers, of Morgan Cotmty, Tenn.-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of Scott County, Tenn.-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 1913) for the relief of Robert E. Newman, Also, a bill (H. R. 1953) to grant a pension to Rebecca L. Cham­ late a second lieutenant in the Ninth Tennessee Cavalry-to the bers-to the Committee on Inv11lid Pensions. Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 1954) for the relief of William C. Chandler­ Also, a bill (H. R. 1914) for the relief of Wesley C. Owens-to to the Committee on Military Affairs. the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 1955) granting a pension to Ann E. Chap­ Also, a bill (H. R. 1915) for the relief of Kate K. Parsons, of man-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Mayo, Knox County, Tenn.-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Also, a bill (H. R. 1956) for the relief of the personal represent­ sions. atives of Mitchell J. Childress-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 1916) for the relief of the heirs of W. H. H. Also, a bill (H. R. 1957) to increase the pension of William P. Price, deceased-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Cooper-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 1917) for the relief of George W. Quails-to 4Iso, a bill (H. R. 1958) to grant a pension to Narcissa Coving­ the Committee on Military Affairs. ton-to the Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R.1918) for the relief of JohnL. Rhea, executor Also, a bill (H. R. 1959) for the allowance of certain claims re­ of Samuel Rhea, deceased, and John Anderson, administrator of ported by the accounting officers of the United States Treasury Joseph R. Anderson, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. Department-to the Committee on War Claims. · Also, a bill (H. R. 1919) to pension Nancy A. Robbs, of Roane Also, a bill (H. R. 1960) for the relief of Dr. Thomas J. Coward­ County, Tenn.-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 1920) for the relief of David Hampton Rosier­ Also, a bill (H. R.1961) for the 1·elief of H. T. Cox-to the Com­ to the Committee on Military Affairs. mittee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 1921) for the relief of Miller E. Rosier-to Also, a bill (H. R. 1962) for the relief of Mrs. Sarah E. Cox-to the Committee on Military Affairs. the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 1922) to pension A. D. Rutherford-to the . Also, a bill (H. R.1983) for the relief of E. B. Crozier, executrix Committee on Invalid Pensions. of Dr. C. W. Crozier, of Tennessee-to the Committee on War Also, a bill (H. R. 1923) to restore the pension of David M. Sar­ Claims. tain-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 1964) to grant a pension to Mary E. Daugh­ Also, a bill (H. R. 1924) for the relief of Philip Schlosshan-to erty-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 1965) for the relief of R. A. Driskill-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 1925) to restore the name of Pleasant Sharp Committee on Military Affairs. to the pension roll-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 1966) for the relief of Isaac A. Duncan, of Also, a bill (H. R. 1926) granting a pension to William H. Shil­ Jefferson County, Tenn.-to the Committee on War Claims. lings, of Roane County, Tenn.-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Also, a bill (H. R. 1967) for the relief of Warham E:.tsley, of sions. Grainger County, Tenn.-to the Committee on "\Var Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 1927) for the relief of Milton Shootman-to Also, a bill (H. R. 1968) to increase the pension of John W. the Committee on Military Affairs. Fielden, of Newmarket, Tenn.-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Also, a bill (H. R. 1928) for the relief of William Stephenson sions. Smith-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 1969) for the relief of JacobS. Fritts-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 1929) to pension Elizabeth Smith-to the Committee on War Claims. Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 1970) for the relief of Samuel E. Gass-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 1930) to grant a pension to William Cecill, of Committee on Military Affairs ...... :. .. Scott County, Tenn.-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 1971) to grant a pension to James J. Gibbs, Alse, a bill (H. R.1931) for the relief of William Cecill, of Scott of Knox County, Tenn.-to the Committe~ on Invalid. Pensions. County, Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 1972) for the ·relief of William M. Goforth, of Also, a bill (H. R. 1932) for the relief of the trustees of Carson­ Sevier County, Tenn.-to the Committee on War Claims. Newman College, at Mossycreek, Tenn.-to the Committee on .Also, a bill (H. R. 1973) for the relief of Jason R. Gossett-to War Claims. the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 1933) to pension Giles M. Caton, of Sevier Also, a bill (H. R. 1974) to grant a pension to Amon Gross-to County, Tenn.-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 1934) to gra,nt a pension to William B. Cald· Also, a bill (H. R. 1975) to grant a pension to Martha M. Hel­ well-to the Committee on In valid Pensions. ton, of Sevier County, Tenn.-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Also, a bill (H. R. 1935) for the relief of William B. Caldwell­ sions. to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 1976) for the relief of Jacob Henry-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 1936) for the relief of James H. Bunn, of Oli­ Committee on War Claims. ver Springs, Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a biU (H. R. 1977) for the relief of James C. Hodges: of Also, a bill (H. R. 1937) to correct the military record of Thomas Jefferson County, Tenn.-to the Committee on War Cln,ims. Burnett-to the Committee on Military AffaiTs. Also, a bill (H. R. 1978) for the relief of P. C. Culvahouse-to Also, a bill (H. R. 1938) for the relief of Joseph A. Brown, of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Anderson County, Tenn.-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 1979) to increase the pension of Harvey N. Also, a bill (H. R.1939) for relief of John C. Buckner, of Union Dail-to the Committee on Pensions. County, Tenn.-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 1980) for the relief of the personal represent­ Also, a bill (H. R. 1940) for the relief of Ellkenney Broglin-to atives of Michael Staples, deceased-to the Committee on War the Committee on Claims. Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 1941) for the relief of John T. Brown-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 1981) to do justice to the survivors· of the Committee on War Claims. shipwreck of the Sultana-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 1942) for the relief of the personal repre­ Also, a bill (H. R. 1982) for the relief of Col. Jesse H. Strick­ sentatives of Horace L. Bradley, deceased, of Knoxville, Tenn.­ land, Eighth Tennessee Cavalry, United States Volunteers-to the to the Committee on War Claims. Committee .Qn Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 1943) for the relief of Eli H. Bright-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 1983) for the relief of J. T. Taylor-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 1944) to grant a pension to Sarah A. Blazer­ Also, a bill (H. R. 1984) for the 1·elief of Alexander L. Taylor­ to the Committee on Invalid Pensio:::1s. to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 1945) to pension John S. Boling, of Sevier Also, a bill (H. R. 1985) to grant a pension to George .A. Til­ County, Tenn.-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. lett-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 1946) to restore to the pension roll the name Also, a bill (H. R. 1986) to correct the military record of George of Mary F. Barker-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. A. Tillett-to the Committee on Military Affairs. 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 15!l

Also, a bill (H. R. 1987) for the relief of George Tucker, of Jef­ By Mr. SLAYDEN: A bill (H. R. 2026) to pension Sarah A. ferson County, Tenn.-to the Committee on War Claims. Halter-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 1988) to grant a pension to George Tucker~ By Mr. SAMUEL W. SMITH: A bill (H. R. 2027) to correct to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the military record of Lewis F. Morgan-to the Committee on Also, a bill (H. R. 1989) for the relief of Thomas J. Wear, of Military Affairs. Sevier County, Tenn.-to the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. STRODE of Nebraska: A bill (H. R. 2028) for the relief Also, a bill (H. R. 1990) to pension Jane Turner-to the Com­ of Stout, Hall & Bangs-to the Committee on Claims. mittee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. STUR'fEVANT: A bill (H. R. 2029) granting a pension Also, a bill (H. R.1991) to authorize the investigation by the At­ to Julius M. Bates, late first lieutenant Company A, Two hundred torney-General of certain claims alleged to be due the late proprie­ and eleventh Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry Volunteers-to tha tors of the Knoxville Whig for advertising, and authorizing the Committee on Invalid Pensions. payment thereof-to the Committee on Claims. By Mr. TERRY: A bill (H. R. 2030) for the reHef of the estate Also, a bill (H. R. 1992) to increase the pension of CreedeN. of Henry W. Long-to the Committee on War Claims. Welsh, of Mossycreek, Tenn.-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Also, a bill (H. R. 2031) for the relief of the estate of Reese sions. Pritchard-to the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 1993) to grant a pension to Hugh Kline-to Also, a bill (H. R. 2032) to remove the charge of desertion from the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Robert Logan -to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also. a bill (H. R. 1994) for the relief of R. S. Wilshire, of An­ Also, a bill (H. R. 2033) to correct the military record of John derson· County, Tenn.-to the Committee on Claims. Tyner, John Chitwood, and T. W. Butts, of Logan County, Ark.­ Also, a bill (H. R. 1995) for the relief of Henry B. Jones-to the to the Committee on Military Affairs. Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 2034) for the relief of the widow of Patrick Also, a bill (H. R. 1996) to pension John Alexander Kelly, of P. Burton-to the Committee on Claims. Knox County, Tenn.-to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. VAN VOORHIS: A bill (H. R. 2035) to remove the Also, a bill (H. R. 1997) to increase the pension of John Houk­ charge of desertion from t.he military record of George Anderson to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Casedy-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 1998) to grant a pension to Dicey Jones-to Also, a bill (H. R. 2036) to remove the charge of desertion from the Commit.tee on Invalid Pensions. the military record of Alfred Hall-to the Committee on Military By Mr. GREENE: A bill (H. R. 1999) for the relief of George Affairs. M. Anderson, of the State of Nebraska-to the Committee on the By Mr. VEHSLAGE: A bill (H. R. 2037) to authorize the Secre­ Public Lands. tary of the Navy to remove the charge of desertion as to Thomas Also, a bill (H. R. 2000) granting the incorporated town of Val­ Dunn-to the Committ€e on Naval Affairs. entine, CheiTy County, Nebr., certain lands, and· for other pur­ Also, a bill (H. R. 2038) granting a pension to James Laird-to poses-to the Committee on the Public Lands. the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. GROSVENOR: A bill (H. R. 2001) granting a pension By Mr. WALKER of Massachusetts: A bill (H. R. 2039) grant­ to Robert D. Stewart-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ing an increase of pension to Cutler D. Sanborn-to the Commit­ Also, a bill (H. R. 2002) granting an increase of pension to Mrs. tee on Invalid Pensions. Cornelia I. Skiles-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky: A bill (H. R. 2040) for the By Mr. GROW: A bill (H. R. 2003) for the relief of the legal r~lief of Joel A. King-to the Committee on War Claims. representative of Samuel Tewksbury, deceased-to the Commit­ Also, a bill (H. R. 2041) to increase the pension of 0. M. Jen­ tee on War Claims. kins-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. JENKINS: A bill (H. R. 2004) for the relief of George W. Also, a bill (H. R. 2042) for the relief of H. Wilhite-to the Harbaugh-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Committee on War Claims. By Mr. JETT: A bill (H. R. 2005) for the 1·elief of David Also, a bill (H. R. 2043) for the relief of John M.. Higgins-to Morgan-to the Committee on Military Affairs. the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. KNOX: A bill (H. R. 2006) granting a pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 2044) for the relief of the estate of .Aman Lvdia G. Cate-to the Committee on P ensions. Price, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. ·By Mr. LAMB: A bill (H. R. 2007) granting a pension to Hen­ Also, a bill (H. R. 2045) for the relief of J. H. Stovall and rietta B. Lee-to the Committee on Pensions. William Hughes-to the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. LENTZ: A bill (H. R. 2008) granting a pension to Wil­ Also, a bill (H. R. 2046) for the relief of K. Battoe-to the Com­ liam H. Zombro-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 2009) to increase pension of Mrs. Rhoda A. Also, a bill (H. R. 2047) for the relief of Benjamin B. Rhodes­ Connell-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. MAGUIRE: A bill (H. R. 2010) for the relief of Mrs. By Mr. YOUNG of Pennsylvania: A bill (H. R. 2048) for the Celia Ford-to the Committee on Claims. relief of Samuel H. Sentenne and Paul Boileau-to the Committee By Mr. MIERS of Indiana: A bill (H. R. 2011) granting a on Claims. pension to Isaac A. Chandler-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ By Mr. BOTKIN: A bill (H. R. 2049) for the relief of Stalnaker sions. Marteney-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 2012) granting a pension toRobertT. Davis­ By Mr. COWHERD: A bill (H. R. 2050) for the relief of J. C. to the Committee on Invalid. Pensions. Irwin & Co. and Charles C. Perry & Co.-to the Committee on Also, a bill (H. R. 2013) granting a pension to Cook Burk-to Claims. the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 2051) for the relief of the heirs of James Also, a bill (H. R. 2014) granting a pension to Leander Wood­ Bridger, deceased-to the Committee on Claims. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 2052) to increase the pension of William A. Also, a bill (H. R. 2015) granting a pension to Elisabeth Lane­ Warner-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. BUTLER: A bill (H. R. 2053) to adjust the pensions of By Mr. MOON: A bill (H. R. 2016) for the relief of John Red­ those who have lost limbs or were totally disabled in them in the den, late of Company D, Tenth Tennessee Cavalry Volunteers-to late war of the rebellion-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 2017) for the relief of Julius C. Kloenne-to the Committee on Military Affairs. PETITIONS, ETC. By Mr. MORRIS: A bill (H. R. 2018) for the relief of Anna W. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers Osborne-to the Committee on Claims. were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: Also, a bill (H. R. 2019) to remove the charge of desertion stand­ By Mr. BURTON: Petition of pro

By Mr. CLARK of Missouri: Resolution of Mexican war vet­ against the proposed duty of 2 cents per pound on pineapples· erans of :Missouri, praying for the placing on an equality the older which was referred to the Committee on Finance. ' class of soldiers with those of a younger generation who partici­ He also presented a petition of General U.S. Grant Command, pated in the late war between the States-to the Committee on No. 18, Department of Michigan, Union Veterans' Union, of De­ Pensions. troit, Mich., praying for the enactment of a per diem service pen­ Also, communication of Cigar Makers' Union, No. 44, of St. sion law; which was referred to the Committee on Pensions. Louis, relative to tariff on cigar wrappers-to the Committee on He also presented a petition of General U. S. Grant Command, Ways and Means. No. 18, Union Veterans' Union,. Department of Michigan, praying By Mr. GROW: Papers to accompany bill for the relief of for the enactment of legislation to enable all the survivors of the Samuel Tewksbury-to the Committee on War Claims. late war to file with the Pension Bureau, during their lifetime, By Mr. LACEY: Resolution of the Iowa commandery of the the necessary proofs of maiTiage and a record of their minor chil­ Loyal Legion of the United States of America, indorsing the bill dren; which was referred to the Committee on Pensions. to establish a national military park to commemorate the cam­ M.:.r. GEAR presented a petition of sundry citizens of Iowa, pray­ paign, siege, and defense of Vicksburg-to th~ Committee on ing that an appropriation be made for the payment of the judg­ Military Affairs. ments of the Court of Claims in favor of letter carriers; which By Mr. LOUD: Petition of Mack & Co., of San Francisco, Cal., was referred to th~ Committee on Appropriations. favoring a law granting a 1·ebate tax on alcohol used in the arts He also presented a petition of members of the Society of and compounds-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Friends of Philadelphia, Pa., praying for the ratification of the By Mr. McCALL: Petition of the Boston (Mass.) market gar­ proposed arbitration treaty with Great Britain; which was ordered deners, regarding duty on onions, potatoes, and cabbage-to the to lie on the table. Committee on Ways and Means. Mr. MORRILL presented a petition of members of the Society Also, memorial of the American Labor Protective League, with of Friends of Philadelphia, Pa., praying for the ratification of regard to immigration legislation-to the Committee on Immigra­ the proposed arbitration treaty with Great Britain; which was tion and Naturalization. ordered to lie on the table. By Mr. McRAE: Resolution of business men's convention of Mt·. TURPIE presented a memorial of the monetary convention Arkansas, regarding the permanent improvement of the Arkansas held at Indianapolis, Ind., January 12 and 13, 1897, relative to the River; also same request from Arkansas Improvement Conven­ history of the movement for the monetary convention and the tion-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. report of its proceedings; which was referred to the Committee Also, papers to accompany House bill No. 1429, for the relief of on Finance. Lucretia Curtis-to the Committee on Pensions. Mr. CULLOM presented petitions of the Wilson Grocery Com­ By Mr. PERKINS: Resolution of Sioux City (Iowa) Cigar Mak­ pany, of Peoria; of B. H. Hoopes & Son, of Bloomington, and of ers' Union, No. 150, relative to tariff on tobacco-to the Commit­ Coppersmith & Welch, of Chicago, all in the State of illinois, tee on Ways and Means. praying for the passage of the so-called Loud bill, relating to By Mr. TODD: Memorial of William Wrigley, jr., & Co., of second-class mail matter; which were referred to the Committee Chicago, protesting against the proposed duty on gum chicle-to on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. the Committee on Ways and Means. He also presented a petition of the Woman's Christian Temper­ By Mr. VAN VOORHIS: Petition of Spurrier & Yocum and ance Union of Payson, lll., praying for the adoption of an amend­ others, of Chesterhill, Ohio, protesting against the free distribu­ ment to the Constitution of the United States, granting suffrage tion of seeds by the Government-to the Committee on Agricul­ to women; which was referred to the Select Committee on Woman ture. Suffrage. By Mr. WANGER: Petition of Ellwood Lee Company, of Con­ He also presented a petition of the Young People's Society of shohocken, Pa., Telative to granting a rebate of the tax on alcohol Christian Endeavor of the First Presbyterian Church of Rockford, used in the arts and for compounds-to the Committee on Ways lll., praying for the enactment of legislation prohibiting the sale and Means. of intoxicating liquors in the Capitol building; which was referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. He also presented a petition of sundry letter carriers of Bloom­ SENATE. ington, ill., and a petition of sundry letter carriers of Elgin, Ill., praying that an appropriation be made for payment of the judg­ TUESDAY, March 23, 1897. ments of the Court of Claims rendered in favor of letter carriers; Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. which were refeiTed to the Committee on Appropriations. The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. He also presented a petition of the Raymond Lead Company, of Chicago, ill., praying for an increase in the tariff on manufac­ UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD MORTGAGES. tured lead goods; which was referred to the Committee on Finance. Th.e VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communication He also presented sundry petitions of citizens of illinois and from the Attorney-General, transmitting, in response to a resolu­ New York, praying for the passage of the so-called antiscalping tion of the 19th instant, certain information relative to the fore­ railroad ticket bill; which were referred to the Committee on closure of any mortgage against the property of the Union Pacific Interstate Commerce. Railroad Company in which cases the Attorney-General has He also presented the petition of Dr. Charles W. Zaremba, of entered an appearance for the Government; which, with the ac­ Riverside, lll., praying for the retention of the tariff on Mexican companying papers, was referred to the Committee on Pacific oranges; which was referred to the Committee on Finance. Railroads, and ordered to be printed. He also presented the petition of I. Lawzar, of Chicago, ill, ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED. praying for the adoption of a high tariff on leaf tobacco; which was referred to the Committee on Finance. A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. W. J. He also presented the memorial of Berriman Bros., of Chicago, BROWNING, its Chief Clerk, announced that the Speaker of the TIL, and the memorial of Cigar Makers' Union No. 71, of Elgin, House had signed the following enrolled joint resolutions; and ill., and Cigar Makers' Union,No. 243, of Chicago Heights, TIL, they were thereupon signed by the Vice-President: · 1·emonstrating against an increase of the tariff on leaf tobacco; A joint resolution (S. R. 7) regulating the distribution of public which were referred to the Committee on Finance. documents; · He also presented the petition of Sydney Richmond Taber, of A joint resolution (H. Res. 25) amending a joint 1·esolution con­ Chicago, Til., and a petition of the Women's Club and sundry tinuing in force section 2 of the act approved June 3, 1896, enti­ citizens of River Forest, Ill., praying for the ratification of the tled "An act to repeal section 61 of 'An act to reduce taxation, to proposed arbitration treaty with Great Britain; which were provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes,'" ordered to lie on the table. which became a law August 28, 1894; He also presented sundry petitions of members of the Methodist, A joint resolution (H. Res. 32) making immediately available Presbyterian, Baptist, Free Methodist, United Brethren, and the appropriations for mileage and stationery of Senat~n·s~ Repre­ Congregational churches, and of the Salvation Army, all of Har­ sentatives, and Delegates of the House of Representatives; and vey, Ill., praying for the enactment of a Sunday-rest law for the A joint resolution (H. Res. 33) making immediately available District of Columbia equal to the most efficient State Sunday law; appropriations for the payment of session employees of the House which were referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. of Representatives during the first session of the Fifty-fifth Con­ He also presented the memorial of J. Rossat, of New York City, gress. remonstrating against the proposed tariff on Italian wines; which PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. was referred to the Committee on Finance. Mr. WALTHALL presented a petition of the Mississippi Bap­ He also presented the petition of Koch Sons & Co., of New York, tist State Convention, praying Congress to forever prohibit the praying that photograph albums, autograph albums, and scr&p­ sale of intoxicating liquors in the Capitol building; which was books be provided for in the pending tariff bill, and inserted m referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. the paragraph relating to the manufacture of paper, subject to Mr. McMILLAN presented the memorial of Dwyer & Vhay such ad valorem duty as may seem most advisable; which was re­ and sundry other merchants of Detroit, Mich., remonstrating ferred to the Committee on Finance.