4S 'S/ .. ,- go r a' PI
AN
ILLUSTRATED HISTORY
OF
CENTRAL OREGON
EMBRACING
WASCO, SHERMAN, GILLIAM, WHEELER, CROOK, LAKE AND KLAMATH COUNTIES
STATE OF OREGON
WESTERN HISTORICAL PUBLISHING COMPANY PUBLISHERS SPOKANE, WASH.
190.(5
- WFC!PF? Pk ' ?I-'Qua2
JIACWN COUNTY LIBRARY SYSTEM M11TOOD. ONON 97501
m I , - _- I I - Noq4
70 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON.
Wool with some of the officers who echoed his Wool know that the distance from Fort Benton to the opinions, the regulars, in short, on one side, and supposed position of General Harney was greater than Governor Stevens, supported by the volunteers the distance from Fort Benton to The Dalles, and that and the nearly united people of the Territory on to obtain aid. from him would require not less than the other, was peculiarly acrimonious. We in- six months, and that an express to reach him must sert the following extract from the report by pass through the entire breadth of the Sioux? Such Governor Stevens to the secretary of war: ignorance shows great incapacity and is inexcusable. Mr. Secretary, Major General Wool, commanding When remonstrated with by Captain William Mc- the Pacific division, neglected and refused to send a Kay, in command of the company, to push forward to force to the relief of myself and party when known to my assistance, when informed of the object for which be in imminent danger, and believed by those who the company was enlisted, and that if it was not pushed were less capable of judging, to be coming on to cer- forward at once, or some other force was not sent, tain death, and this when he had at his command an Governor Stevens and his party would be in the most efficient force of regular troops. He refused to sanc- imminent danger, the general replied that in his opinion tion the agreement made between Governor Mason the danger was greatly exaggerated; that probably and Major Raines for troops to be sent to my as- Governor Stevens would be able to protect himself, sistance, and ordered them to disband. It was re- but if he could not, then Governor Stevens could ob- served for the Oregon troops to rescue us. tain an escort from General Harney. The only demonstration made by Major Raines What reply was that! A moiety of the Indians resulted in showing his utter incapacity to command now in arms had defeated a detachment of one hundred in the field. As has heretofore been said, his expedi- United States regulars. Major Raines had placed on tion against the Yakimas effected nothing but driv- record his opinion that an insufficient force would be ing the Indians into the very country through which defeated by these Indians, and my party was supposed I must pass to reach the settlements. to number no more than twenty-five men. Yet Major I therefore prefer charges against General Wool. General Wool very cooly says, "Governor Stevens I accuse him of utter and signal incapacity, of crim- can take care of himself." So, too, in the remark that inal neglect of my safety. I ask for an investigation I could obtain aid from General Harney. Did General into the matter and for his removal from command,
CHAPTER VIII
INDIAN WARS OF THE 'FIFTIES-CONTINUED.
It was in the spring of 1850 that the first that he had come to talk with them and, if possi- cloud arose foreshadowing the Rogue River war. ble, effect a treaty. Two chiefs, accompanied by That season a party of miners who had collected about seventy-five warriors, responded. A cir- a considerate sum in gold dust in the California cle was formed and Lane and the chiefs placed placers, were returning home. Reaching the themselves in its center. But previous to the Rogue river, they were encamped, at Rock Point. opening of the conference a second band of war- Here they were attacked by Indians and plundered riors, as large as the first, and fully armed with of everything of value, including the bags of gold bows and arrows, made their appearance and be- dust. It was to settle with these "rogues" that gan descending the neighboring hill upon the General Joseph Lane set out in May, (or June), camp. Quatley was ordered by Lane to come to visit south Oregon. The party comprised inside the circle and stand, with two or three fifteen white men and the same number of Klick- Indians, beside the head Rogue River chief. itats under their chief, Quatley, the determined Then the new-comers, apparently hostiles-were enemy of the Rogue river Indians. Quatley was commanded to lay down their arms and be not asked to fight, but to assist in the making of seated. The council proceeded. To them was a treaty. explained the occasion of this visit; they were Arriving at Rogue river, Lane's party en- reminded of their uniform conduct toward the camped, and he sent word to the principal chiefs white men; of their murders and robberies, and HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 71
were given to understand emphatically, that white his men, who in their haste left their sabres tied to their people were to be permitted to travel unmolested. saddles, Stuart made a dash for the enemy. They met The Rogue River chief, at the conclusion of him with equal courage. A brief struggle took place Lane's speech. a(ldressetl his l)eol)le in loud in which eleven Indians were killed and several tones: in response they raised the war-cry and wounded Stuart, himself, was matched against a ma(le a threatening display of their arms. Seeing powerful warrior, who had been struck more than this, Lane directed Quatley to hold the head once without meeting his death. As the captain ap- chief. The latter was now a prisoner and Quat- proaclehed the savage, though prostrate, let fly an ar- Iey In dh a knife at his throat. The sullen war- row which pierced him through, lodging in his kid- riors laid down their arms. Upon this prompt neys, of which wound he died the day after the battle. action on the part of Lane the captured chief had Captain Peck was, alo, wounded severely, and one not counted. He then ordered his men to retire of his troop slightly * * * While these events an(l not return for two days. A treaty was con- were in progress, both Gaines nad Lane were oi their cluded and Lane gave the Indians slips of paper way to the scene of action. stating the fact and warning white men to (1o Early on the 25th the command moved back dowvn them no injury. the river to overtake the Indians who had escaped dur- During the gold discoveries of 185o in the ing the night, and crossiig the river seven miles above Klamath valley, there was an hegira of Ore- the ferry found the trail leading tip Sardine creek, gonians thither. Despite General Lane's treaty which being followed brought them tip with the fugi- with Chief Jo, eternal vigilance was required to tives, one of whom was killed, while the others scattered prevent hostile encounters with his tribe as well through the woods like a covey of quail in the grass. as with the Unipqua Valley tribes, south of the Two days were spent in pursuing and taking prison- canyon. A young man named Dilley was treach- ers the women and children. the men escaping. On the erously mturdered, some time in May, by two 27th the army scoured the country from the Ferry to Rogue River Indians. Learing this thirty men Table Rock, retiring in the evening to Camp Stuart, of Shasta formed a company, headed by one when the campaign was considered as closed. Long, marched across the Siskiyou, and coming upon a hand at the crossing of Rogue River, At the first these Indians had been proudly killed a sub-chief and one other Indian, took two defiant. It was the boast of Chief Jo that his warriors and two tlaughters of another chief thousand warriors could keep a thousand arrows prisoners, holding them as hostages for the deliv- in the air continuously. Their pride suffered a erv of the murderers of Dilley. The chief re- fall they were htimbled and humiliated. On the fused to give up the guilty parties. Moreover, he arrival of Gaines at Rogue River he found Kear- threatened to send a strong force to destroy ney gone an(l the Indians scattered. Succeeding Long's command, which remained at the cross- in an attempt to collect them in council, a treaty ing awaiting events. They were not, however, was effected, eleven head men of the Indians molested, but an alarm became general through- agreeing on terms of peace. By this treaty the out the southern valleys. and a petition was for- Indians placed themselves under the jurisdiction warded to Governor Gaines from the settlers in and protection of the United States. They also the limp(qna for permission to recruit a company agreed to restore all the property stolen at any of volunteers to proceed against the Indians. time from white persons. Then their wives and Then the governor took the matter under con- children were given back to them. sideration, but repaired in person to the scene of In Jantiary. i8_56, Governor Stevens returne(l the reporte(l hostilities. to Olympia. On his arrival be found that the June ist ilajor Kearney began a march storm of war was in full blast from cast to west. sotuthward with two skeleton companies of artil- M\lany settlers had been murdered 1w the sound lervnmen, to take charge of government property Indians, aided by the Yakimas. The disheart- at Steilacoom., Astoria, Vancouver and The enel pioneers were arotusecl by the governor. Dalles. ArrivingT at Yoncalla, he consulted with who wvas full of courage and resourceful; be set Jamies Applegate, whom lbe prevailed upon to on foot meastires for saving the territory; assist in the exploration of the country east of eqdtippin-g an arnmx of one0 thotisand volunteers, the canyon, in which they! were engaged when organized forces of frienilly Indians, issuted scrip the In(lian wvar in Rogue River valley broke out. for meeting cxpellses and seized necessary stores Of this episode in his "History of Oregon," and implementlts. The settlers Were in need of Hilblert klancroft says: seed to plant their crops: he dispatchetl Secre- tary Mason to \Vashington to acquaint the gov1 Captain James Stuart caine upon the Indians June ernment with their plight and needs. i8th TThey were prepared for battle. Dismounting But in the midst of these benevolent efforts I'
72 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON.
the Indians, by a sudden attack, seized Seattle been wounded. Here he learned that Major and destroyed the most of it. The Washington Maxon had crossed the river with a small party, volunteers were equipped, and the second regi- was engaged with the enemy and needed assist- ment under the command of Colonel 13. F. Shaw, ance. Shaw dispatched assistance. They re- started for Walla Walla. This was in the summer turned after dark and reported that they had not of 1856. discovered the Major. but they brought in one Meanwhile the Oregon volunteers had passed of his men whom they had found in the brush. that dismal winter and spring at Walla Walla He stated that one of the Major's men had been and vicinity. In the spring Colonel Kelly re- killed and that the lasthe had seen of them thev turned to Portland, leaving Colonel T. R. Cor- were fighting the Indians. Finally Major MXaxon nelius in command. The detachment set forth returned to the camp of Colonel Shaw. Contin- 5 from their camp on Mlill Creek March ioth, and uing the latter says of this fight: proceeded to the Yakima country, meeting and J dispersing the Indians whom they there encoun- The whole command, officers and men, behaved tered and then, passing on to the Columbia, they well. The enemy was run on the gallop fifteen miles, returned to Oregon and disbanded. and most of those who fell were shot with the revolver, It is impossible I There were still in the air Indian wars and to state how many of the enemy were rumors of Indians wars. Governor Curry. of killed. Twenty-seveni bodies were counted by one in- Oregon, and Governor Stevens, of Washington dividual, and many others were known to have fallen Territory, were in entire harmony, believing alike and been left, but were so scattered about that it was in a vigorous prosecution of the war; but the impossible to get count of them. When to these we I United States regulars were entirely aloof from add those killed by Major Maxon's command on the them in sympathy of aim or action. Of the other side of the river, we may safely conclude that battle of Grande Ronde, July I7, 1856, Colonel at least forty of the enemy were slain and many went Shaw says, in part: off wounded. When we left the valley there was not I an Indian in it, and all the signs went to show that We arrived in the Grande Ronde valley on the even- they had gone a great distance from it ing of the 16th, and encamped on a branch of the Grande Ronde river in the timber, sending spies in Space does not permit us to give minute de- advance who returned and reported no fresh signs. tails of the second great Walla Walla council, On the morning of the 17th, after proceeding about and this episode is really more closely identified five miles, we ascended a knoll in the valley, from which with the history of Washington than it is with we discovered dust rising along the timber of the that of Oregon Territory. This council preceded river. I sent Major Maxon and Captain John for- the memorable defeat of Colonel E. J. Steptoe, in ward to reconnoitre and returned to hurry up the I858. The issue of this council was, compara- command which was not far distant. * * * The tively, null and void. Half the Nez Perces deter- whole command moved on quietly until within half a mined to stand by the treaty; the other half re- mile of the Indian village, when we discovered that the fused. All other tribes were hostile. Governor pack train had moved to the left. down the Grande Stevens repeated the terms of peace alone pos- Ronde river At this moment a large body of war- sible: "They must throw aside their guns and sub- riors came forward singing and whooping, and one mit to the justice and mercy of the government, of them waving a white man's scalp on a pole. They but as they were invited tindler safe conduct they desired a parley, and I sent Captain John ahead to hold were safe in coming, safe in council and safe in it. As he approached the Indians cried out to each going." other, "shoot him," when he retreated to the com- Governor Stevens naturally felt disappointed mand and I ordered the four companies to charge. at the failure of his hopes, but having done all The design of the enemy evidently was to draw that man could do, he had no cause to reproach us into the brush along the river, where from our ex- himself. Whatever impediments had fallen in posed position they would have the advantage, they no his way were due to the position of General Wool doubt having placed an ambush there. To avoid this and the officers who felt compelled to echo his I charged down the river toward the pack train. opinions. It may be very properly said here that Wright and Stepto discovered their errors soon Then occurred a sharp, running fight, and and modified their policy. Wool never did, and when Colonel Shaw's command gained the pack in the early part of i857 he was relieved of his train, he found the guard and reserve camped command, and was succeeded by General N. G. on a small creek not far from the crossing, as Clarke, who gave a "new deal" to the impatient he had previously ordered them to do. In the pioneers of the Inland Empire. charge several of Colonel Shaw's men had In May, i858, Colonel Steptoe set out with T i
1j i IJ HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 73
two lltln(lre(l cavalrymien to the Spokane country. war-horse captured. Egan was dragged front the This was in the face of the fact that those power- field by his voting warriors, but the severe wotinds ful andI independent Indlians had warned troops icceived made Egan's subsequent capture on1 the to keep away, alleging that they were neutral, and Umatilla reservation coml)aratively easy. wotild not allow either Yakimas or whites in their The first definite information of the approach territory. Colonel Steptoe began to make egre- of the Indians was brought in by Major Nar- gious and incoml)reltcnsible blunders before he cisse A. Cornover on the second day of July. lie left \Valla Walla. (O)n account of the great weight reported that while out on the John Day river of provisions and baggage a brilliant quarter- with a hunting party, he had struck the hostiles. macter conceived the idea of leazinig behind the 'I he consternation atteniding this news can hardly greater part of thl ainimmition, by way of light- be described. ( )n horseback, in wagons anil on ening the load. As Joseph .McEvoy expresses foot the settlers hastened to the nearest town for it, the force was beaten before it left Walla \Valla. protection. lPen(lleton, Hleppiner, Umnatilla, \Val- Soffice it to say that Steptoe suffered an ignomnin- lula, Weston, \Milton and Walla Walla were ides defeat at the hands of the Indians, with the ci cwdled with refugees lomnes were abandoned loss of several prominent officers. so hastily that neither provisions nor extra cloth- ing were provided. All settlements within reach of a warning voice were deserted in a day. Cattle TilE BANNOCIK AND PlyTET WAR OF 1878. and sheep men in the motintains were in a pre- carious situation. Manv were killed before they One of the most sensational episodes in the could gain places of safety. history of Oregon was its invasion in the summer P'endleton was to receive the first assault. of 1878 by the P-annocks and Piutes under the That the result would be its complete destruction lea(lership of Chiefs Bnffalo Horn and Egan. The and its outlying settlements was believed by causes tinlerIvilig this invasion have been many, while the most sanguine had but little con- strangely overlooked. Gilbert in his ''Historic fidence. Pendleton had not more than one hun- Sketches of Oregon," says: dred and fifty inhabitants, but with the refugees it probablv totaled three hundred. In one of the Biffalo florit was a celebrated warrior, who had several skirmishes before the Indians reached the the 'ear before aided the government against Chief Mlue mountains, Buffalo Horn, the Bannock Joseph anid hi> hand of hostile Nie PFrces His reward chief, had been killed, and the command of the for
74 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON
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the Savings Bank building to where the Odd Fel- this position, commanded, as it was, by surround- lows building now stands. \\onlen and children ing hills and rocks. But during all the after- were hlustlecl into Bvers' mill, anll a number of noon the remnant of this company made a stout men went there to guard them. Frank Vincent, resistance, but at last they began to suffer se- a dentist, andl brother of Dr. F. A. Vincent, re- verely for water. One of the men refused to cently mayor of iPendleton, was made captain of stand it, took a pail, and against the protestations the company organize4 for the defense of the of his comrades, left the shed, walked through the town. At Umatilla City similar precautions were zone of Indian fire, filled his bucket and returned taken. J. H. Kunzie was appointed assistant ad- unscathed. The shed was riddled with bullets jutant general by Governor Stephen F. Chad- an(l a number of casualties resulted. William wick, who hurried there and made it his head- Laamar, a school teacher, who was engaged to be quarters. That point was selected because it had married to a datighter of Dr. W. C. McKay, was the nearest telegraph office, and because supplies killed and S. I. Lansidon, A. Crisfield, afterward for troops and volunteers were landed there. Vol- a prominent merchant of Pendleton, G. W. Tits- unteers were organized and armed by Kunzie and worth, C. R. Henderson, Frank Hannah, Jacob the town was closely guarded. At that time it Frazer, J. NV. Salisbury and H. H. Howell were had a population of about one hundred and fifty. wounded, Salisburv twice and Hannah seven The stone warehouse of J. R. Foster & Company tiules. A horrible feature of the affair was the was fitted up for a fort. Like preparations were| ititilatioll of the remains of Lamnar. The In- made at Heppner, Weston, Milton and other dians cut out his heart and roasted it over a slow places which were supposed to be in danger. fire, and it was found in this condition on the So soon as Captain Wilson's company had retreat of the Indians. straggled in from Canlas prairie with the infor- I)uring the night the volunteers decided to mation that the hostiles were in force in that re- abandon their position and endeavor to reach gion and that some of their number and some Pendleton. Loading the wounded on a wagon sheepherders had been killed another company (it xvas a curious thing that all of them were was organized by Sheriff J. L. Sperry, which shot in the leg), they started, the men being in- started July 5 th for the front, with a company structed to fall prostrate the instant a gun was from Weston under Dr. W. W. Oglesby and( fired. They were fired upon three times, how- another under M. Kirk. At Pilot Rock they re- ever. an(l Harrison and Hale were shot dead. ceived recruits and were then consolidated into The rest of the company returned the fire, and a single command, constituted as follows Cap- after i few scattering shots the savages gave tain, J. L. Sperry; lieutenants, M. Kirk, William way. MX1.Blakely; sergeants, William Lamar, T. S. Up1on the arrival at Pendleton of the thir- Ferguson, J. C. Coleman, William Ellis, R. East- teen imenl who had fled from Willow Springs at land; privates, W. WV.Oglesbv, T. C. McKay I the beginning of the action, Throckmorton in- George Bishop, S. L. Lansdolu, Andrew Sulli- stantly- started to the relief of the party under van, A. Scott, A. Acton, C. R. Henderson, B. E. Sheriff Sperry, an(l they met the retreating vol- Daugherty, J. H. Wilson, H. Rockfellow, B. L. untcers soon after daylight about four miles Manning, F. D. Ferguson, 'I. P. Gerking. C. P. north of Pilot Rock. Thev were escorted back Woodward, F. Hannah, S. I. Gerkiiu' (G. WV. to Pendleton where they ali arrived safely. And Titsworth, S. W. Smith, J. M. Stone, H. 11. nowv the real defense of Pendleton began. Rifle Howell, W. M1. Metzger, W. P. Gruhb, \. L.. pits w\ere con structe(l, and mlanned by the Donaldson, J. L. Smith, S. Rothschild, R. F. regulars, anud all the soldiers were supplied with Warren, J. W. Salisbury, H. A. Salisbury, Har- I plenty of ammulnitioll. The wolmen and children rison Hale, L. Blanchard, J. B. Perkins, A. Cris- were concentratel in Blyers' mill. At this stage field, I). F. Ogle, C. C. Townseld, J. Frazier, of affairs James 11. Turner, a lawyer, suggested \\T. R. Reed, Thomas Ogle, Joseph Ogle, "Doc" the idea that the non-coilibatailts in the mill were Odeer, Walter Harrison, George Graves, P. 7. at the miercy of the In(dians should the latter at- Ryan an(ld A. R. Kellogg. tenml)t to fire that lbuilding. Thereupon Lot .MJarching from Pilot Rock for Camas prairie Livermore, Tuiner an(l James A. Drake, who the next day they stopped at Wilson Springs for ha(l seen service in the Civil war, organized a dimner. Here they were attacked in force bv the coulpaily of twelve meln, who, tn(ler Drake, as Indlialls. At the first alarm thirteen of the vol- captain, took possession of a fence east of the unteers sprang on their horses and struck out for flyers' mill and held it. Pendleton. Making a virtue of necessity the Sunday, July 7th, Howard's forces coming others tied their horses in a sheep corral and took from the east, united with Throckmorton's reg- refuge in a shed. Absolutely indefensible was ulars at Pilot Rock, and the next morning as- HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 75. sailed the Intlian camp at the heads of Butter dock with a company of volunteers from Heppner, an(l Birch creeks. This combined force was who informed him that two men had been killed there. muich nmore than a match for the Indians and A search revealed the bodies of Nelson and N. Scully. Egan's chances for victory were gone. Accord- Morrissey went around Nelson's house, when be saw ing, to Frank T. Gilbert: a piece of shake sticking up in the road, upon which was written the information that Jewell was lying The command moved in two columns, two com- wounded in the brush. Morrissey called out, "Charlie !" pailice of artillery, one of infantry and a few volunteers He received a faint response, an(i the injured man under Throckmorton, seven companies of cavalry and was found with a severe wound in his left side and his tWriLty of Robbins scouts, under Captain Bernard ac- left arm broken conipamed by General Howard in person. The Indians When Jewell had approached Nelson's place on the were encountered and driven with considerable loss night of the 5 th he had been fired upon and fell from front their strong positions, and finally fled in the his horse; but while the Inlians were killing those dirrecton of Grande Ronde valley. at the house, he hati crawled into the bushes. In the .NIeanwhile events were happening along the Colum- morning he worked his way out into the road, wrote bia, Governor Ferry hastened to Walla Walla on the his notice oi1 the shake, and crawled back again. For 7th alnd raised a company of forty volunteers under three days he had lain there without food and unable Captain W. C. Painter, that proceeded to Wallula and to help himself, when he was found by Morrissey. em-barked the next morning on the steamer Spokane He was conveyed to Pendleton and carefully nursed, under command of Major Kress. but died the next Friday. Captatn Wilkinson had the Northwest with twelve Meanwhile all was confusion at Pendleton and soldiers and twenty volunteers. These boats, armed the agency. The citizens were suspicious of the reser- itlt howitzers and Gatling guns, patrolled the river. vation Indians, fearing they intended to unite with the Tln> was the day that Howard drove the Indians hostiles. Consequently volunteers would not go to back into the mountains, thus heading them off if they the agency to defend it. Forty families of Columbias hail ally designs of crossing the river. slipped out and went to the enemy's camp, and a few There were several hundred Indtan-s that had never young Umatillas started off without permission, prob- lived oni the reservation and were considered non- ably with a similar intention treaty Indians They belonged chiefly to the U'matilla Two of these saw George Coggan, Fred Foster and antd WValla Walla tribes, lived in the vicinity of Wallula Al Bunker coming down from Cayuse station on a anid Umatilla and were known as Columbia River course that took them in dangerous proximity to the Indians. When Major Cornoyer gathered in the scat- hostiles. They rode toward the men with the in- tered bands, many of these refused to go, and were tentiout of warning them, so they said afterward, and' IOked upon as sympathizing with the hostiles and were at the same time a third Indian rode up from another stipplosed( to have joined them i'he morning of the direction. The men had seen some deserted wagons dao lioward had his fight on Butter and Birch creeks a few miles back, where Olney J. P. McCoy, Charles a ittimbier of these attempted to cross the river with a McLaughlin, Thomas Smith and James Myers had been quiantity of stock. They were interrupted at three killed. They had also passed a hand of Columbias on poirits by the Spokanes and, being fired upon, several their way to the hostile camp. Intlians and a few horses were wounded and killed. When they saw the Indians dashing toward them' All canoecs from Celio to Wallula were destroyed. from different directions they supposed them to be Captain Wilkinson on the Northwest fired into a small the ones they had passed, and concluding that their party ii the act of crossing a few miles above r'matilla time had come, began firing tipon them. The Uma- Two braves and a squaw were killed. tillas suddenly changed their pacific intentions and 'T'hedeath of State Senator C. L Jewell was ascribed commenced shooting. Coggan was killed and Bunker to Coltribias by many He had a large band of sheep wotinded Foster who hall every reason to believe on Camas prairie, anid went there with Morrisey to that lie was assailed by at least a score of savages, look after them. They encountered a number of took the wounded man upon his horse antI carried him Indi.ans, bitt succeeded in eluding them and reaching twvo miles when Bunker could go no farther. Foster the, hcrder's catbin in safety Leaving Morrissey there was then compelled to leave him, and hastened to lie returnied to Pendleton to secure arms for his men Pendleton, where his arrival created a panic Besides suh,, had dtcideed to remain and defend themselves. killing the teamster>, the Indians burned Cayuse sta- The morning of the stth he left Penelleton with several tion that day ndc(lc gitis, contrary to the advice of many friends. At this tiime newxs was received that Colonel Miles -Ic N\as cx-pected at the bitt that night but did not had been informed of Egan's movements, and had' collie determined to take the responsibility of marching to, '!li 8th Morrissey started to see if he could be the agency for IIs protection. To the exertions of fontitl Near Nelson's he met Captain Frank Mad- Major Cornoyer and those accompanying him that ---- q p
76 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. night is due the fact that Colonel Mfiles arrived in time with Five Crows. Then enstied a strtggle: but to defenid the agency anil avert the evils that wouldl Il gan was a cripple from his wounds; he soon have followed its capture, iiclundinig the inuirler of mitam fell, stabbed to the heart bv Five Crows. The people, and a po sihCl)lu1ion n of rcservatioi Illndians with latter deliberately scalped his dead enemy, and the hostiles. as one of Egan's sub-chiefs started to ride away, The troops. upoii reaching their destinlationl. pro- shot him and added his scalp to his collection. ceelded at once to eat hrcakfast, nut hefore they were Flushed with victory the Umrtatillas returned. th rough the Slnakes, Baililoc ks aiid Pitutes, fotir Il nl dred A trimphal procession of all Indians on the res- strong, were secil ridiilg dowII froni their c(L]111 A ilc ervation was formed and passeol in review before was quickly formed acros tihe flat,i aL ip1 tit e hill, ati( the troops drawn tip in line by General Wheaton, before the soldiers vwere all iil posttiton thle Indlianl begat that officer having arrived from Walla Walla anld to lire tlpOIl thl till Nearly all d(ly a ilattle was mamil- taken command. Ya-tin-i-ow-its -was chief of tatlreci with tile SoldiCrS Ingyii i ollce tit y had1 scooped the Cayuses, and bearing the scalp of Egan on in the ground to protect tlceiliseives a pole, arrived in front of the commanding offi- Finally Hi des decided to charge hit assailants, al- cer, and pointing to his bloody trophy said: though he had liut one company of cavalry alnd woul d "Egan, Egan, we give you." 'No, no, keep it, not he alde to pursue themi The Cayns>es requested xou brave man !'' exclaimed the disgttstcd officer. permission to joti in tlhe ;ight, ain d were allowel to do Defeat on the reservation, death of their so oli conditiont that they woul(] keep with the soldiers leader, return of the cavalry anti knowledge that and lnot get in advance of thetil. The comilIanld to the Colutmbia river could not be crossed, so dis- eharge was giveC1, atid the soldiers sprang froml their heartenedl the hostiles that thev began to break rifle pits and rushed tpllO1 tile euemy, vieing witil theii up and return to their own country. Chief Hom- Cayutse allies in tile onslaught The hostiles, fleeiig e-li with eighty picked warriors of the UTmatillas, to the mountails, returned lno miore. anlc thlat niiglit Cavuses and\Walla Wallas joined the troops in founld them eighteeit miles from the agency, after hav- purstuit anud kept them constantly on the move. ing finished the destruetiolln of Cayuse station by lutr- Flom-e-li reached their front the 17th, on Camas ing the harim, and tIle soldiers returned aitd went iito creek, anll when the retreating bands came along, caml) There were no casualties on the side of the charged into their mindst and killed thirty of then) troops and thi voltiteers without losing a man. He, also, captured tvetn- Before the light Uillapilne started out to do a ltttle tv-seven women antI children, and a number of work on his own accoutit. Ii, father had heeln killed horses. years helfore lby Egan, wl1o was in comalinadll of the From this time the seat of war was removed hostiles, and lie w~lted reveiage Wheil the hattle was front Umatilla county. The hostiles retreated to over Ite told Egan the Cayvns>c woutd join hitim, anid the Blue mountains. Howard, vith ten small persuadcdl the ciltef to accomilpaily hiil thie lext night colutmus, putrsued themn energetically, overtook to a poilt twelve niles from the agency to meet the then) and finally cornered thetn in Harney county, Cayuse chiefs anld arrange ilatters He theil sent word forced their surrender and marched them across to M\Iajor Corrloyer to have forty soldiers statiorned at from Harnev to Yakima. The i8th of July Gov- the appotinted pl act to capltiure or kill Egati wheii he ernor Chadwick addressed a letter to Sheriff appeared Sperry instructing hnim to arrest all Indians guilty Colonel iiles heled the same opiiloil of Ulilapile's of murder or robber>, to be tried bv civil author- loyalty tilat the citizeils (lid, and refused o seind sol- ities. This was a matter of great dlifficultv OW- dicrS Oil such an erranl. IThe Cayuiscs expressed their ingl to lack of witnesses. Bv appointment a great disallpoittnetlt to thle agent aid coiplaitle(l of tilese council was held on the reservation Atgtust 2()th, suspiciotis lie told themi the hest way to convitlce the at which General Howard. Governor Chadwvick whites of their loyalty was to go out tilemselves an(] anil others were present. The chiefs were mnadle capture Egan to utt(lerstaiid that the only vay to clear them- selves amid their tribes from blame was to sttr- On this suggestion Hom-e-li, chief of the render all that had been guiltv of wrongftil acts, Walla Wallas, anti Peo, sub-chief of the tTmatil- anid hostages were taken to insttre their doilna so. las, acted. Forty yoting braves were selected an(d Some of the Columbia river Indians vere ar- they repaired to the renulezvous between -Meach- rested, but were afterwvard released for vant of am and Cavuse station. iTmaiapine and Five evidence. Crows went to Egan's camp. and requestecl his At last bV the persistent investigatioln of presence at a conference. into this trap Egan Major Corroyer, the murolerers of George Cog- walkedl. All were mounted. Arriving in the gan were discoveredl. Fotir voting I-matillas vicinity of the proposed rendezvous Egan be- vere arrested. One of them gave evidence at camle suspicious, leaped from his horse and closed the trial in November and was discharged. WVhite HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON.77 77
Owl, Qupit-a-Tumps and Aps were convicted 1o, 1879, a company of cavalry and one of mil- and sentenced to be hanged. The first two were itia being present as a guard. A week later Aps executed in the 'ail-yard at Pendleton, January was hanged at the same place.
CHAPTER IX
OREGON: PHYSICAL FEATURES AND EVOLUTION.
The most northwesterly state in the union, every hillside, and it is rare that a square mile previous to the admission of Washington, was is found through which a crystal stream does not Oregon. it is bounded on the south by Nevada flow. and California; on the east by Idaho; on the Wkhat is called southern Oregon includes north by \Vashiington and on the west by the Pa- about one-fifth of the superficial area of the state. cific occall. From east to west the average width A small portion of this, king next to the ocean, of the state is 350 miles ; north and south, 273 has physical characteristics and climate similar miles. Its area is 96,030 square miles, or 6t,- to western Oregon, while the remainder, coin- 459,200 acres. It is as large as all of the New passed about with mountains, and being more England states with Indiana added, and greater elevated has a climate of its own, dryer than in extent than New York and Pennsylvania com- western Oreoon, yet not so dry as the climate of bined. The census of 1900 accredited Oregon eastern Oregon. lin summer these districts lie with a population of 413,536; the secretary of utnder a warmer sunll than their northerly neigh- the Exposition Board of i905 claimed the popu- i)ors. Eastern Oregon is a general designation lation of the state, by counties, in 1903, to have given to all that part of the state east of the Cas- been 595,7oo. It is situated between the paral- cade mountains, excepting the miuch smaller lels of 42 degrees and 46 degrees, IS minutes, southern portion last above described. This di- north latitude the climate and physical charac- vision embraces two-thirds of the area of the teristics are not unlike those of Virginia or Ten- state. In its general characteristics this region nessee. may be described as high andI dry, warm in suIm- Into two unequal parts the state is divided by mer, cool in wvinter, rich in soil andl fairly well the Cascade mountains. In topography, soil and supplied with timber. In a country so vast there climate these two parts widely differ from each are manly local variations from this gencral state- other. Along its western border the Coast Range ment. The average elevation of eastern Oregon also traverses it from north to south, while along is about 2,500 feet. The southwestern portion its eastern boundary the Blue MAontain range, of this section, notably all that lying south of with its various spurs, covers probably a fifth of Mlalleur river, is so tiry that it requires irriga- the total area of the state. Other lesser ranges, tion for the maturino of almost all crops. The generally spurs of those named, jut into the in- northern central portion of this eastern Oregon termediate regions, lending to the entire coun- country is much broken by minor ranges of moun- trv an extraordinary diversity of feature. tains. wvhiclh afford file pasturage: and here and The western division is about one-fourth of there are narrow valleys ulnsurl)asse(l for fertil- the state, but it contains at least one-half of the itv. The southern central section is known as arable land, including the matchless valley of the the Ilarnev Lake region, which has lono been WNillamette, w-hich is one hundred and forty by celebrated as one of the main grazing regions of fifty miles in extent. Scarcely less important the state. This mav be described as a vast, roll- than the Willamette valley is the coast district of ing table lanl, interspersed with valleys of con- Western Oregon, which borders the ocean for siderable extent, which are natural meadows of about one hundred and fifty miles. Between luxuriant anil nutritious grasses. these arable districts lie broad ranges of forest, affording a supply of timber practically inex- RIVERS, WATERCOeURSES ANi) SPRINGS. haustible. No country in the world is more bounti- For the number, size and economical distri- fully watered than western Ore-on. It is a land bution of its watercourses Oregon has, probably, of rivers. Clear and pure water gushes from no equal in the union. With the greatest rivers PART VIII HISTORY OF KLAMATH COUNTY
CHAPTER I
FROMI EARLIEST DAYS UNTIL SETTLEMENTS OF i867
Klamath county came into existence as a intermarried. It has been written and published separate political division in 1882. Prior to that in histories that the Klamaths and MQdocs were period, although it had before been a part of hereditary enemies. This is not so. At all times Wasco, Jackson and Lake counties, respectively, they were friendly. Overlapping the present the territory that now comprises it was known Klamath country in the vicinity of the Sican as the "Lake Country," or the "Klamath Coun- marsh dwelt a branch of the Snake Indians. But try." The history of the Klamath country dates the greater portion of the present Klamath coun- from many years before the formation of this try was inhabited by the Klamaths and Modocs. county and even prior to the advent of its first Through the country of these two tribes- settlers. the present Klamath country-led Indian trails This country was inhabited by the Klamath over which the natives traveled to and from their and Modoc Indians when the first small, crawling favorite fishing grounds. Nearly all evidence of wave of immigration curled over the bunch grass these primeval trails has been erased, although plains and through the foothills and mountain we know that they were in existence when the peaks-ever onward to the settlements west of first white men set feet on Klamath soil. the mountains. And this had been the Indians' And of these "first white men" they were, un- home for centuries. The Klamath Indians, then doubtedlv "the Rocky Mountain men" who known as the La Lakes, inhabited that district of visited nearly every part of the country. While the country-the vicinage of Big Klamath lake, there are no accounts of their visits here, there and north of Klamath, and west of Link rivers. remains undeniable evidence that they were here They were strange, uncanny tribes; their very on several occasions at a very early day-before language was peculiar to themselves while they, the explorations of John C. Fremont, the "Path- at the same time, also understood the universal finder. " "jargon." It was during the winter of 1843-4 that Fre- The Modocs inhabited the country south of mont's party traversed the Klamath country. Little Klamath lake, and around Tule lake, east Coming in from the north their journal shows of Goose Nest Mountain, and west of Goose that they found themselves at the Klamath marsh, lake. They, also, conversed in a language com- or, as Fremont terms it in his journal, "Tlanieth mon only to themselves and the Klamaths. In lake." This point was reached December IT. reality they were only one people. There was 1843. Here was the Indian village Ouyx, of only a slight difference in the pronunciation of a which Skidat. father of "Dave Hill," of later few of their words, yet no greater difference than (lay prominence, was chief. Observing this In- there is in the speech of northern and southern dian village on the border of the marsh, and un- white people. They were friendly tribes; they acquainted with the temper of the tribe, the
I 924 4HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON.
' Y'athlfinde.r'' discharged his cannon with the re- a native son of Oregon. wvas born two years suit that the Indians scattered in all directions later. among the willows and tules. Presently the Having macle permanent settlement in the chief and his squaw came out to meet Fremont Willamette valley, Lindsay and Jesse Applegate, and personally assured the latter of their friend- in company with thirteen other courageous men, liness. Fremont greatly admire(l the soft-voiced performed the historic feat of laying out the chief and his comely wife. In his journal he "South Road" to Oregon in 1846. The names of states that this was the first time he had known these other thirteen pioneers were: Captain Levi a woman to take part in the circumstances of Scott, John (Jack) Jones, John Owens, Henry war. The following day this chief, as a pledge Boggs, William Sportsman, Samuel Goodhue, of his friendship. piloted Fremont across the Robert Smith, Mloses (Black) Harris, John marsh and led him through the forest in an east- Scott, William G. Parker, David Goff, Benjamin erly direction to a "green savannah" which we F. Burch and Bonnett Osborn. now reco-llize as Sican marsh. Passing through the U'mpqua canyon, Rogue Fremont's party continnedl to the east until River valley, over the Cascades, through the they won their way to Sunnuer lake which they Klaniath basin and on1 the Humbolt river and to so named on account of finding the slnow all gone Fort Hall, they conducted an emigrant train to at that point, although it was in the middle of the the Willamette by that route. As they passed winter season. Hence they went in a southeast- through the Little Klamath lake, Lost river and erly direction passing the point where is now Tule lake countries, they noted the extent and situated the towvn of I 'aislev, passed around the I character of the great Klamath basin. north end of Ahert Lake. and on to Christmas We here present to the reader the story of Lake, or as it is now commonly termed Warner the selection of the South Emigrant Road, ex- lake. tending from Fort Hall to the Rogue River Val- Thus we perceive that the Klamath country, 1ev in 1846, as told in after years (about i888 or although not settled until the 6o's, had previously i890) by Lindsay Applegate, (now deceased) been visited an(l, at least, a portion of its topo- one of the party. This route passed through the graphy known, at a comparatively early period southern parts of what are now Lake and Kla- in the history of this coutntry. Only a few years math counties: later, however, an enterprise was undertaken and accomplished which, while not resulting in On the morning of June 3oth we moved along the an extensive exploration of the whole Klamath north banik of the creek, and soon began the ascent country, made a part of it very well known. This of the mountains to the eastward, which we found was the establishment of the South Emigrant gradual. Spending most of the day in examining the Road in 1846, antl which diverted a large part hills about the stream now called Keene creek, near the of ()regon immigration through the southern smmiitt of the Siskiyou ridge. we moved on down part of the present Klamath country, Let Ius re- through the heavy forests of pine, fir and cedar, and vert to a periodl three vears anterior and tell encamped early in the evening in a little valley now of the arrival of the builders of this road to known as Round prairie, about ten or twelve miles, Oregon. as nearly as we could judge, from the camp of the Axvay back in the 40's when Oregon was a previous night. We found no evidence of Indians he- wvilderness: whene even its possession Nvas in dis- inig abouti but we did not relax our vigilance on that pute between the United States and Great B~rit- accoililt. We encamped in a clump of pine in the valley ain: w\vhe no permanent :\merican settlement had and kept out our guard. been niadle on the I1)acific coast, that is, in 1843, On the morning of July ist, being anxious to know a vast train of immiig-ranlts numbering some Soo what we were to find ahead, we made an early start, people with their cattle, horses, wagons and This morilimig we observed the track of a lone hor-e household goods. left the Missouri river early in leading eastward. Thiniking it had been made by some the spring. This party gained the Willamette Indian horsemilail on his way from Rogue river to the valley after the closing in of winter-the first Kianlaath country. we ullndertook to folfow it This through wagon train. In this compalnv were the we had no trotilele in doing as it had been made in three notable Applegate brothers, Charles. Lind- the spring while the ground was damp and was very dis- say and Jesse. 'All men who became conspietlouS tinct until we came to a very rough, rocky ridge where in the history of Oregon. Lind(av was the father we lost it This ridge was directly in our way Ex- of Ivan, Lucien and Oliver Apldegate, early pio- ploring nortihward along the divide for considerable neers of the Klamath basin. Ivan and Lucien, distance without finditig a practicable route across it agedl respectfully three and one years, were jun- we encamped for the night among the pines. The ior memlers of this expedition of 1843. Oliver, next morning, July 2d, we explored the ridge south- HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON9 92.5
ward as far as the great canyon of the Klamnath. hit Colonel ireilonit, only a few days before, had having no better success than tile day before, we ent- reached this point on his way iortil'vward wheil he wias camped at a little spring (in the mountain side The ox ertaken by Lienteliailt Gillspie of the United States next (lay. July 3d, we again traveled northward farther Army with important dispatches and returned to Lower than before, making a more complete examination of the California. The Mexican War had just begun and the country than we had previously done, and at last "Pathfinrder" was needed elsewhere. On the very nigilt found what appeared to he a practicable pass 'Ntear he was overtaken by Lieutenanit Gillispie the M\Iodocs this was a rich, grassy valley, through which ran a surprised his camp, killed three of his Delaware Indianis, little stream, and here we encamped for the night. This and it is said that had it not been for the vigilance and valley is now known as Long prairie. Parker's home. presence of mind of Kit Carson, he would have suf- On the morning of July 4th our route bore along fered a complete rout. At this place we arranged our a ridge trending consi(leraiily toward the north TI'he camp on open ground so that the Indians could not route was good, not rocky, and the ascent very graduail, possibly approach us wit'rhort discovery. It is likely After crossing the summilit of the Cascade ridge. the that the excitement among the M\o(loc'. was caulsed, descent was, in places, very rapid. At noon we came more than anything else, by the apprehension that ours out into a glade (Spencer creek) where there were was a party sent to chastise theur for their attack on water and grass and from which w e could see the Iremont. We were but a handful of men surrounded Klamath river. Afternoon we moved dowxn through by hundreds of lirdianis armed with their poisoned ar- an imnmense forest, principally yellow pine, to the river, rows, but by dint of great care and vigilance we were and then traveled tip the north lank, still through yellow aile to pass through their country safely Oil every pine forests, for about six miles. wileir all at once we line of travel from the Atlantic to the Pacific there halr came out in full view of the Klamatil country, ex- been great loss of life from a failure to exercise a tending eastward as far as the eve could reach It was proper degree of caution, and too often have reckless aln exciting moment. after the mlany days spent il the and foolhardy meir. who have, through the want of dense forests anll ailong the mountains, arnd the whole proper care, become embroiled in difficulties with the party broke forth in cheer after cheer. Indians, gained the reputation of being Indiart fighters An Indian who had not ohlervei tis until the and heroes, while the mlen who were able to conduct shouting begail, broke away from the river banik a1l(d parties in safety throrigir the country of warlike savages, ran to the hills a quarter of a mile away An antelope escaped the world's notice. could scarcely have made better time, for we contirluei On the morniirg of July 5th we left our carnp on shouting as he ran and his speed seened to increasc the little creek (now called Hot creek), and continued until lie was lost to our view anmong the pines. We our course along the shores of Lower Klamath lake. were now entering a country where the natives hiad This threw us off our course considerably, as the lake seen bint few wilite people Following the river utl to extended some miles to the southward of our last where it leas es the loxver Klamthi lake, we came to a camp, anid we didl not reach the eastern shore until riffle where it seeme d pos-ilile to cross Wiliram Parker the day was far spent. We camped oil the lake shore waded in and explored the ford It was deepi. rocky and the next iroriinlg. July f6th. we ascendeld a high, tI and rapid. hlut we all passed over safely arid then pror- rocky ridge to the eastward for the purpose of imakinug ceeded along the, river andilake shore for a mile or so observations. Near the base of the ridge on the east. when we came ilto tile maia valley of the Los'er was a large lake, perhaps tverity umiles in length. Be- Klamath lake We could see cconlirnu of Sniloke risitu yond it to the east'. ard we could see a trinbered butte, il every direction. for our presence was already known apparently thirty miles distant, at the base of which to the '\lo(locs and the signal Fire telegraph was al- there appeared to ie a low pass through the nroturtaiii ready in active operation. Moving soutilward alonig range which seemed to encircle the lake basiir. It the shore wve came to a little streai. cotilllg il froIll appearing practicable to reach this pass by passing arouilil the southward. aild there folunid pieces of newspapers the north end of the lake, we decided to adopt that and other uiilnlistakalble evidences of civilized piorler route and began the descent of the ridge, hut we 9ooi1 ilaving camped there a short tulle Iefore Wle found found ourselves in the midst of air extremirely rurgge(d a place where the turf hani beel cut away, also the country. Short lava ridges ran ii every direction, whlile willows near the bank of the creek. ai(r hornes had eeri between the ill \i re caves arid cvrevices into which it repeatedly driven over tile place A. there were ilany seemed our animals were ir danger of falling head- places where horses could get avater without thi troulnle long. The farther . e advanced the worse became the some of the parties were of tile opinioln that some per- route, so that at length we decided to retrace our steps sons had been buried there anl that horses had been to the sirrootir couitry This wvas difficultt as our driven over the place to obliterate all marks and thils horrses had hrecoille separated anlroing the rocks, and it prevent the Indians from disturbiurg the dead Tihe was some tmle before we coulid get them together anlt intense excitement among the Tinliais oil our arrival return to the open ground. Their we discovered that there strengthened this opinion. one of our party, I)avid Goff. was missing., While in 926 HISTORY OF CI ENTRAL OREGON.
the lava field he had discovered a band of mouintain that evelnng we disctised the adventures of the past sheep and in pursuing them had lost his way. Some few days in this new, strange land. The cir- of the party went quite a distance within the rocks, cuinstances of the last day had been particularly iiiter- but could hear nothing of him. We decided to proceed esting. Our adventure in the rocks, the retreat of the to the meadow country, at the heatl of the lake, en- whole \Modoc tribe in a fleet of thirty or forty canoes circling the lava beds to the northward and encamp until across the lake from Goff, the singularity of the natural we could find our comrade. Wllle we were proceeding hridge. the vast fields of tule around the lake, and the to carry out this program we discovered a great nltmlber fact that the lake was ain independent body of water, of canoes leaving the lake shore tulder the blutffs, aid were subjects of peculiar interest and only inteilsifil making for what appeared to le an island four or five our desire to see more of this then wild land. miles distant. We could, also see a lone horseman July 7th we left the valley of Tule lake to pursue riding leisurely along the lake shiore. approaching us our course eastward over a rocky table land among This soon proved to be our lost friend. The l\lodocs scattering juniper trees We still observed the timbereil had discovered him in the lava ficld<, and prohaily ex- butte as our landmark, and traveled as directly toward pecting that the whole party were about to assail them it as the country would adimit This butte is near the from the rocks, took to their canoes Ile said that. state line. between Clear and Goose lakes and probably seeing the TIn(liaus retreating, lie concluded to leave distant fifty miles from the lava ridge west of Lost the rocks and ride along the lake shore, where the river, from which we first observed it, supposing it goiing was good We nooned in a beautiful mea(low to be about thirty miles away. In purstutng our course coontainling about two sections near the head of the we passed throtigh the hilly, juniper country between lake. Laugell- valley and Clear lake without seeing either the After spending a couple of hours in this splendid valley or the lake, and at iioou1 arrived at the bed of pasture, we repacked anld started on our way toward a stream where there was but little water. The course the timbered butte, but had not proceeded more than of this stream was north or northwest and appearances a mile before we came sutddeilly upon a large stream indicated that at timeies quite a voltiilie of water flowedl (Lost river) comning into the lake. We found this in the channel This was, evidently, the bed of Lost stream near the lake very deep, with almost per- river, a few miles north of where this singular >treanm pent(ictilar banks. so that -we were compelled to turn leaves the Clear lake marsh. northward up the river. Before proceeding far we Leaving this place we pursued our journey through discovered an ll(liian crottched utnder the bank and, a similar country to that passed over during the fore- strrotudilg him, maffde hit come out. By signs we noon, and encamped at a little spring aniong the indicated to hiim that we wailnted to cross the river. junipers, near the base of the timbered hillh and passed By marking on his legs an(l poilltilng uip the river lie a very pleasant night gave us to understand that there was a place above On the morning of July 8th we passed our lanld- where we could easily cross. M\otionillg hlim to ad- mnark and traveled nearly eastward, over a comparatively vaance lie led the way tip the river about a mile and level but extremely rocky country, anid iooned in the pointed out a place where an imlllenlse rock crossed the channel of another stream where there was a little r:ver. Tile sheet of water rtniliug over the rock was water standing in holes On leaving this place we found about fifteen inches deep, while the principal part of the tihe country still quite level but exceedingly rocky-for river seemed to flow under. This was the famous eight or ten miles almost like a pavement. Late in Stone Bridge on Lost rivet so often mentioned after the afternoon we came out into the basin of a lake this by travelers For many years the waters of Tule (Goose lake) apparently forty or fifty miles in length. lake have been gradually rising, so that now the beautti- Traversing the valley about five miles along the south fil meadow on which we noonned oil the (lay we dis- end of the lake we came to a little stream coming in covered the bridge is covered by the lake, and the back from the mountains to the eastward The grass and water in Lost river long ago made the river impassable; water being good, we encamped here for the night. is now probably ten feet deep over the bridge. Gamne seemed plentiful, and one of the party killed a After crossing the bridge we matle our pilot somne fine deer near the canmp From the spur of the mioun- prceents, and all shaking hands with him, left him stand- tains near our camp, we had a splendid vicw of the ing on the river bank. Pursuing our way aloug the lake and of the extensive valley bordering it on the northern shore of the lake a few miles, we came to a north. On the east between the lake and mountain beautiful spring, near the base of the mountains on ranige ruullillg nearly north and south and which we our left and encamped for the night. After using the suppose(h to be a spur of the Sierra Nevadas, was a alkali water of Lower Klamath lake the previous night, beautiful mealow country, narrow, but many miles in the fresh, cool water of this spring was a real luxury length, across which the lines of wiliows atid scatter- There was plenty of dry wood and an abundance of ing pines and cottonwoods indicated the courses of a green grass for our animials and we enjoyed number of little streamiis coming into the lake from a the camp exceedingly. Sitting around the fire ilouttain chain. A little southeast of our cantp there 922 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON
quit, lhe was first mate of the good craft Aquilla, Oreaon City, being one of the earlicst l)iOllecLrs which was later sutik in San lrancisco bav. In of that vicinity. lie was also one of the first i856, he quit the sea at San Francisco aild de- settlers of the Sutimmer Lake vallev and came t,, voted his attention to minuing until i869 when lie Silver Lake where he engaged in the niercautile journeyecl to Alodoc county and settled at farm- business. His death occurred here on Novenibei ing in the ]ig valley. There lie raised stock and I8, I904, lie beiilg theil in his ninetieth year. lie tilled thle soil unltil JulY, 1873, when lie came to was one of the substantial aiid good men of this Silver Lake vallev. He was one of the vecry first county, well knowin and beloved by all. lic men to settle here and since that time has con- was faitlhful in labor, upright and horiorable n tinned here steadily except two years spent in Al- business and a genuine good citizen and a firt- bane,, this state. WNNhen lie located, lie had some class man. lie married Christian Farris, iho is stock and hlas coniitinued in that business together also deceased. l'v her formner marriage, MArs. witll fariin'g since. In those carlv davs to run Al arshall had three childrell: Ida, the wife of to the postoffice was no sligght job as it -was one johln Hill in The Dalles MAlary, the wife of Il'. hnuidred iiiiles distant..Al kinds of sutpplics had Al. Taylor, of Benton cotulnty aiid Anna C., the to be brotughlt in over rougil mountain roads with wife of William Houi~h of Xilver Lake, all 111 great expense anid labor. Necertlieless Al r. AMar- this state. Air. Alarsliall formerly operated the- shall continued hiis good work here anid has not hotel at Silver Lake but iiowx is giving his entlrL only done well in buildillg up but has stimulated attention to his stock btisiness and farmiilg. Al r. others bv his indlutstrv and thrift. and AIrs. Alarshall are people of good standing On February 22, 1887, Mlr. Alarshall married and have maniy friends throtughout the countre. Airs. Frances A. ( Brown) Anderson, a native of 'hey have certainly done an excellent Nvork as MIissouri. 11er father, -i'dilton Brown, crossed pioneers and deserve to be classed with those whli the plains from Alissouri in 1846 and settled at have made the counltry what it is. J |
HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 927
appeared to be a gap in the mountain wall, and we Of course our enterprise was opposed by that decided to try it on the succeedrcday. mighty monopoly, the Hudson's Bay Company, whose lue of forts and trading posts on the Columbia, af- Space will not permit us to publish in full forded them rare opportunities for trade with the immi- the very entertaining article written by MIr. Ap- grants. Many of the immigrants who followed us dur- plegate. There is mah in his narrative that ing the fall of 1846 had a hard time, though not as hard bears directly on the- country west of the Cas- as they would have experienced on the other route; cadles and east of the territory embraced wvithin and some of them, not understanding the situation fully, the limits of the territory nosy under considera- became infected with the spirit of persecution, which had tion. There is, however, a great deal that is its origin with the Hudson's Bay Company, and joined necessary to complete the eariter history of Klam- in charging us with leading the travel away from the ath 'county, and this we shall continue, confining Northern Route for purposes of personal speculation. our work to such scope of country as falls within Certain members of the party were singled out to hear the perspective of our story. It was on the morn- the burden of persecution, whereas, if any member of ing of July 14th that, according to plans matured the party was animlated by improper motives in seeking at Black Rock, the explorers divided into two to open the road, all were equally guilty, as the party parties: eight men leaving in a southerly direc- was governed in all its proceedings by a majority vote tion, and seven men, including Mr. Lindsay Ap- of all of its members. plegate, laid their course to the east. The survey The efforts of the Hudson's Bay Company to put was continued until July 23 d, when thev as- down the road proved an eminent failure. Its superior cended by a very gradual route to the table lands advantages were better and better known and ap- from which they colid plainly see Black Rock. preciated every year It never ceased to be an im- Exploring the countrv about them thev fotnd portant route of travel, and a large portion of the the Rabbit Hole Springs. Continuing his narra- population of our state entered by this channel. It is tive AIr. Applegate says: a very significant fact that the great thoroughfare of today, from the Willamette to the Siskiyou chain, and The line of our road was now complete. We had thence out through the Lake country and on to the succeeded in finding a route across the desert and on Humboldt, departs rarely from the route blazed out by to the Oregon settlements with camping places at suit- the road company 42 years ago. able distances, and since we knew the source of the Humboldt river was near Fort Hall, we felt that our enterprise was already a success, and that immigrants So early as I848 an abortive effort was made would be able to reach Oregon late in the season with to settle the Klamath country. The strenuous far less danger of being snowed in than on the Colum- party who two years before had traversed the ter- ,. ritory bia route down the Humboldt and over the Sierra in "blazing" the South Emigrant Road had Nevadas. The sequel proved that we were correct in been favorably impressed with the natural beau- this opinion, for this same fall the Donner party, in ties and possibilities of that country. A number endeavoring to cross the Sierras, were snowed in, of them developed a plan of settlement of such suffered the most indescribable horrors, and about half an inviting field. The historic "Klamath Com- of them perished. monwealth," was organized in 1848; the scene was the Willamette settlement; the principal pro- jectors, Jesse AL Among other interesting events related by and Lindsay Applegate. Prepara- tions were Mr. Applegate is the rescue of a party of made to start a colony at some avail- immi- able grants en route to the Willamette valley. M\r. point in the Klamath country. Applegate says: Preparations were elaborate: all agencies were brought to bear to make the venture a success. So soon as we could possibly make the arrangements The party was a strong one; danger from In- we sent out a party with oxen and horses to meet the dians were fullv realized: the partv was heavily immigrants and aid them in reaching the Willamette armed and fully organized. Among them were settlements. For this assistance we made no demand, farmers, blacksmiths, carpenters, millers, doctors, nor did we tax them for the use of the road as was millwrights and nearly all classes of people. alleged by parties inimical to our enterprise. It had Eastward to the Klamath country thev headed, been the distinct understanding that the road should be accompanied by a long and amply guarded train free, and the consciousness of having opened better of wagons conveying everything which they be- means of access to the country than was afforded by lieved might prove necessary in a settlement out- the expensive and dangerous route down the Columbia side of all practical communication with civili- which we had tried to our sorrow, would be ample zation. compensation for all our labors in opening the South Had it not been for the discovery of gold in road. California the entire earlier history of Klamath 928 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. county wouldl, dotibtless, have read far different .\lodoc country along the old southern inmln- from what it does in the Year of Otur Lord, [go5. grant road, were attacked and butchered indis- For it should be known that this gold discovery criminately}by these painted savages; their prop- wrought dissensions in the Klamath Common- erty confiscated or destroyed; their bodies in- wealth, and this pioneer enterprise proved but humanly mutilated, and left unburied, a prey to Dead Sea apples, attractive to the eve but ashes wolves. In some cases the victims of these to the taste. The original design never reached Mfodocs were caused to stiffer excruciating tor- fruition. A portion of the community were tures before relieved by death. In some cases strongly in favor of carrying out their original girls were kept among them as captives for schemes; an equally strong opposition were de- months; to stiffer more than torture, with death termined to seek the land of gold. Leaving the only to crown their miserable existence. South Emigrant Road the whole party proceeded More than 300 immigrants are known to have to Strawberry Valley, California, when opinion-s been slain in this manner by Modoc Indians; as to the course to be pursued becoming widely facts ascertained bv actual count of their bleach- divergent, caused a complete disruption of the ing skeletons along the road, previous to the es- entire enterprise. The once brilliant plan of -et- tablishmnent of the military post at Fort Klaniath tling the Klamath country faded from view in 1863. Where the road met the shores of Tule and was abandoned. A portion of the common- lake was a favorite point of attack; it appropri- wealth proceeded to the gold fields in Sacra- ately gained the name of "Bloodv Point." Here mento ; the balance of the party returned to their were enacted tragedies of the hioodiest descril)- homes in the Willamette valley. That portion tion-tra-edies that, even at this late day, cause which decided to seek the gold fields encountered one to shuidder on visiting the scene. Here the Peter Lassen at the head of an emigrant train. A\1odocs wotild fall utpon the poor, weary and and assisted him in exploring a route to the Sac- footsore immigrants as the\ wend(le their way ramento vallev. along the point. Speaking of Bloody Point, In those parlous pioneer days it should be re- Major C. S. Drew, when in 1863, Ile recoin- membered that all "roads," "routes" and "trails" mended the establishment of a military post in of travel were dangerous. Following the comn- the Klamath countrv, said: pletion of the South Emigrant Road in 1846 bv ''Since 1846 oie hundred an(l fifty-one per- the Applegates an(l party, much of the travel to sons have been mur(lered and an estimate of the settlements west of the Cascades was made about three hun(lred other persons more or less via this route in preference to the northern route seriously woundedl by Indianls in that vicinity." by way of the Dalles of the Columbian river. Certainll, it appears incredible that the Unit- But severe was the penalty pai(l by these immni- ed States government had not before taken some grants for their choice! effective steps inl protecting this coUnntrV. Ac- The Modoc Indianis in the country along that cording to records of the war departmeiit the part of the road where it passed throutlg the government had little to do with the Modocs southern portion of the Klamath country, Ore- tintil the establishment of the post at Fort KMam- gon, and the northern portion of the present M\Io- ath in 1863. Aside from the volunteered ef- doc count\, California, earned the character of forts of settlers west of the Cascade mountains the most barbarous and blood-thirsty savages in occasionally assisting immigrants through the west of the Rocky mountains. Peculiarlv country, no efforts were ma(le to check the mur- adapted was this country to protect them in their ders committed or to putinish the red fiends who depredations, slaughter anid cruelties: to shield comnmitted them, wvith the exception of the Ben them from successful pursuit, punishment or cap- W'right expethition in 1852. ture. Following sudden and impetuous raids on Of course no idea of settling in such a coun- wagon trains, the\ could retire into the imp)reg- try was entertained by any one. Yet we find niable lava beds where nothing less than a large that when practical military protection was at and well equipped army could(ldislo(lge them from last granted. the country was quite rapidlv set- their coign of vantage as was learned later in tled-for that period inl Oregon's history. Little the Modoc war of 1872-3. .Not only were they did these inmligrants-passing westward in the able to exact a heavv tribute from the emi-rnnts. shadow of death-dreani that this countrv would but their possession of the strongholds of the ever be fit for the habitation of white men. To lava beds made it possible for the X\Iodors to them the Klamath countrv was only a land of exert a powerful influence and control of the sage brush plains. big lakes and Modoc Indians. neighboring tribes. In the spring of i852 a partv was packing Innocent ani uinoffending imnmiigrants, accomn- from Scottsbtirg to Yreka. One evening while panied by their families, passing through the caniped abotit I miles south of Cole's places
or W'illiamson River at the Mouth of Spring Creek
I
j i
i Link River
ti HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 92g on the west side of the mountains, Indians stole is only proper to state that little credence can be four of their horses. Four of these packers at placed in the poisoning story related once set out in pursuit. They trailed the Intlians to their camp, on the present site of Keno. IHlere The \todoc War of I852 took place whilst I was the packers fell upon the Indians-about i6 of away at Crescent City; therefore all I know of that them-completely surprised them and killed four is hearsay; but I know that it was generally-knowin that of the hostiles. The rest escaped across the Ben Wright had concocted the plan of poisoning those Klamath river. The packers found their stolen Indians at a feast. but that his interpreter Indian, 'horses and returned with them. Jerden -Metland Livile, had exposed the plot to them so that but few was one of the party. ate of the meat. and that Wright and his conpanxy then The same year an attack was made on immni- fell upon the Indians and killed 40 out of 47. and the grants at Mloody Point in which many of them others died of the poison afterward. There is one of were killed, and to wreak vengence upon these the company now in tihe cotUnty who gives this version, Modocs and teach them a lasting lesson, a comn- and I heard Wright swearing about Dr. Ferber. our pany of volunteers was formed at Yreka. Cali- then druggist, selling him an adulterated article of fornia, and proceeded to the AI~odoc country. This strychnine. which lie said the doctor wanted to kill company was under command of one BenWright. coyotes. That the plan was concocted before they left They rapidly advanced to the Mlodoc country, Yreka defeats the claim now made for them that and in Lost River valley, near where now stands they only anticipated the treachery of the Indians. John the town of Merrill, tlhev killed 40 Indians out Schoncliis was one of the Indians that escaped, and in of a party of 47. Of this sensational campaign a late interview he made this an excuse for not coming many conflicting stories are told. As stated bv out to meet the commissioners during the Modoc War the volunteers they met the Indians in council; of 1873 The story of the Indians corresponds so welt that treachery was apparent on the part of the with what I have frequently heard from our own people, savages and in order to save themselves they ad- before it became so much of a disgrace by the reaction, ministered the first blow. The facts appear to that I have no doubt of the correctness in its general be that a big barbecue had been arranged for. at details. At the time others, as well as myself, told which was to be served an ox roasted whole, Wright that the transaction would sometime react fear- which animal had been brought with the volutn- fully upon some innocent ones of our people, but so teers from Yreka. The whites and Indians were long a time had elapsed that I had concluded that the then to meet in friendly council and, if possible, matter was nearly forgotten by all, and that nothing come to an amicable understanding. Before the would come of it, until the night of my secon(l visit feast, however, a Modoc squaw, friendly to tlie in the cave, when Schonchis would get very excited whites, told Wright that treachery was intended talking of it as an excuse for not going out. and that at the feast all the whites were to be massacred. Ben Wright was a man who dlid not Adverse criticism of the proceedings of the hesitate to act when immediate action \vas iml- Ben Wrighlt party is nil among the pioneers still perative. Without further delay he fell upon the living who were in the country at the time the unsuspecting Modocs. event occurred. PBv their personal admissions the There were those. however, who maintained Indians for years had been guilty of most cruel that the Ben Wright party was guilty of the murders committed upon immigrants. Thev had put to death by torture those whom they had cap- basest treachery and that their conduct was a I shade darker than anything ever attempted by tured: they had taken captive white girls and savages; that Wright had no reason to believe women andI compelled them to live with them. that treachery was intended, and that his action MAanv of the Ben Wright party were relatives of was wilful and premeditated murder. those who had been mtur(lered by the Modocs. Without discussing the merits of the case, Opinion has been freelv expressed that had it we will state that then and there the lModocs been Wright's intention to poison the Modocs. as were taught a severe lesson, and one which theyr suggested. it was justified by the crimes that had' dlid not soon forget. Upon their return to Yreka been committed by the savages. the volunteers, who were miners from that The following version of the Ben Wright af- famous mining camp, were received with all the fair is given by the Alturas (Cal.) Plaindealer honors of conquering heroes. If their conduct in in 1902. dealing with these Indians was not of the best. it is certain that censure was not apparent at Somebody has stirely been ";stuffing" DeLaney home. We here reproduce a short article written (correspondent of a Portland paper). The latter says by E. Steele. a frontiersman who for many years it was Mose Hart of Malheur county. But the utter had dealings with various tribes of Indians. It absurdity of arming Ben Wright's men with Winchester 5V
, , Zs l-930 I9HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON.
rifles should have warned our friend of the hoax, as treacherous old savage than Ben Wright whipped a Winchesters were unheard of until I2 years later. The revolver from beneath his blanket and shot him dead. old Henry rifle, the forerunner of the Winchester, was He then, with a revolver in each hand, fought his way not placed in the hands of our soldiers until late in out as best lie could. The instant that the first shot I 863. rang out, the men in waiting opened with their rifles, The true story of the "Ben Wright massacre," as and then charged, revolvers in hand. This sudden on- some have been pleased to term it, and as detailed to slaught terrified the savages who, after two or three us by Frank Riddle, one of Wright's men, was in sub- ineffective volleys of arrows, fled in dismay. Many stance as follows: It must be remembered that the jumped into the river and attempted to hide under the Modoc Indians mi i85u and il I85T had committed all steep banks kinds of atrocities upon the immigrants. Hundreds They were punched out with willow poles, and shot had been massacred. Colonel Ross in 1850 had arrived while struggling in the water. Others hid in the sage from Jacksonville with a company of miners in time brush and were hunted out and shot as they ran. About to bury Ioo men, wolmen and children. He remained 185 of the savages were killed and most of them scalped in the country until the remainder had passed safely to prove to friends in Yreka that they had done good through the Modoc country. The next year John F. work. After the fight Wright and his men returned Miller arrived at Bloody Point on Tule lake just in to Yreka. Ben Wright was afterward assassinated time to save a large train that was surrounded and would by a half-breed while acting as agent on a coast reserva- most certainly have perished but for his timely arrival tion. This is the true and unvarnished story of the The Indians were fiercely attacked and severely pun- Ben Wright massacre. ished. Many were killed and the remainder chased into The two captive girls were never released. One the lava beds where they were safe from pursuit. He was killed at Hot Creek by the chief to settle a quarrel also capttired a good many of their women and children. among the Indians. The writer and Judge Bellinger These were held until the immigrants passed when they made a search and found a portion of her remains -were turned loose. - scattered about in the rocks where the body had been In the fall of 1852 news was received at Yreka that thrown. The other girl probably met a similar fate. a large immigration was coniing. Knowing the danger, Ben Wright organized a company of 32 men. They Slhortlv after the W\rright expedlition another were well armed with rifles and revolvers. Ile pro- one was dispatched, in 1853, to punish theModocs ceeded to the Modoc country and escorted the immi- for fresh atrocities. This was commanded by a grants safely through. The lesson taught the year detachment of regutlar soldiers, tinder command 'before by Miller and his men had had its effect. The of Captain 'Mack Bushy, and California volun- Indians came in and proposed a treaty. Ben Wright teers. Tlhev encotintered the Modocs in Northl- was then encamped at the peninsula. The Indians were ern California and defeated them. These Indians feasted on an ox that Wright had purchased from the wvere driven to the shores of Clear lake, where immigrants. They told Wright they had two captive thiey took to their canoes and sought refuge on an -white girls which they would surrender so SOon as they island whlere they believed themselves safe from 'could be brought in.. Several days were spent in waiting furthur pursuit. The soldiers, however, camped when Wright moved his camp to Lost river, near where near the lake, constructed boats, attacked the Merrill now stands. The Indians accompanied himi Ilostiles on their island and again defeated them. and camped close by. Days of waiting occurred, the During the very early days a few fur traders Indians all the time protesting good faith. But Wright penetrated the Klamath cotutrv, as thev did all and his men had noticed that the Indians were in- portions of the nortlmvest, One of the best known creasing in numbers. One morning he told his men of these traders who visited the Klamath countrv :that they were trapped. He bade them get ready, and was Mart Frain, and the knowledge he gained of .at a signal they Were to fire their rifles and charge with the customils of the Indians who dwelt in the revolvers. He told his men that he was going to the Klamath basin was extensive. Thle Klamath Indian canmp, would demnand of the chief the instant Falls E.xprcss of May 5, 1892, related one of delivery of the captive girls, and if refused or further Mr. Frain's experiences in Klamath land, when delay was sought, that he would kill the chief then and that country was known to onlv a few traders there. That to pay no attention to himn as they would anti explorers. as gleaned fronl an interview with all, probably, be killed anyway. Mr. Frain. The E.xpress said: Accordingly Ben Wright went to the camp 75 yards away. He told the chief he had come for the Thirty-five years ago last Saturday night, April girls. The chief said in reply that he would not de- 30, I857, Mr Frain camped out under the big ledge liver them and had never intended to do so. That he of rocks on the river bank near which Reames, Martin bad men enough to kill all the white men and would | & Company's store now stands. He had journeyed from do it. Scarcely had the words escaped the lips of the Yreka with five mules laden with beads which lie in- HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 931 tended trading to the Indians for furs. He arrived on as they journeved through the extreme southern the west bank of the river in the afternoon and on portion of the countv on their way to the set- the opposite side-the present townsite of Linkville- tlements west of the mountains and by fur traders were camped bands of Modocs, Klamath, Snake and who penetrated the country. However, we find Cayuse Indians who had assembled to trade their furs. that one or two stockmen had the hardihood to It was "barter day"-the natives never failing to con- winter stock in this wilderness during the late gregate at certain times of the moon as it was a 50's. As a matter of history it might prove in- popular belief that the fish would not come up the river teresting to know that Judge F. Adams was the if the formal gathering were not held at the regular first man to introduce a band of cattle into Klam- period. Frain swam his mules across the river and a ath county. He grazed 2,000 head where Keno squaw conveyed his beads and saddle over on a tule now stands, in the winter of i856. He was un- float, which had in the center a hole through which she (listurbed by Indians, having made terms with thrust her limbs, using her feet as paddles. By sun- Captain Jack. Judge Adams stated that the down the beads were in the hands of the Indians and winter was quite mild: the wild rye so high and Frain was in possession of 5,200 skins. The night wvas plentiful that stock came out in the spring fat devoted to gambling for the beads at an "odd or even" and ready for market. He sold iTon cattle at game, and as there was an element of science as well $8o a head at Yreka and the northern California as luck in the transactions, it was not long before a mining towns. dozen of the most expert natives owned the greater Another of these pioneer stockman was Wen- bulk of the ornaments. dolen Nus, who during the winter of i858-9 "There was one kind of pelt that I never ob- grazed a band of stock on the Klamath river, tained," said Mr. Fraim. "On barter days the richer where is now the ranch of 0. A. Stearns a few Indians brought with them for show stuffed white deer, miles southeast of Klamath Falls. Mr. Nus later the skins of which were worth from $75 to $15o apiece, went to the John Day mines, but returned to the and the Indians would rarely part with them Oc- Klamath country ill the 6b's and became the first casionally they would sell one for Indian money called settler of the county. allicochicke-a shell obtained from the Queen Charlotte Under Lieutenant Piper. in I859, a detach- islands A piece of this shell reaching from the line ment of soldiers from Fort Jones penetrated the of the palm of one's hand to the middle joint of the Klamath country. For a short period they little finger was worth $5 ; nearly every native had a camped upon the soil of the present Klamath scale of measurement marked on his arm, from the county. Lieutenant Piper was with an expedi- shoulder to the elbow, and ten pieces of shell that tion looking for stock that had been stolen by would reach from the end of the thumb to a certain Indians. For a few days he camped on the west mark on the arm were valued at $roo; the smaller and side of Klamath river, just below the present less valuable pieces were worth $25 a fathom. The site of the town of Keno, at the place known in Indians prized allicochick so highly that they would earlv days as "the cabins." Proceeding up the pay handsomely in gold for the smallest amount." river the soldiers, when they gained a point "Were your relations peaceable with the Indians?" which is now the 0. A. Stearns' ranch, saw a "Yes," answered Mr. Frain, "and would have con- band of Indians approaching them. Not know- tinued so had not the whites popped down one every ing whether the Indians were peaceably inclined now and then. That reminds me of one of their very or not, the soldiers hastily threw tip entrench- odd customs. The Indians would not revenge them- ments near the river bank. and prepared to de- selves upon the murderer of one of their number, but fend themselves should an attack be meditated. instead would kill the near relatives, beginning with the A few trees were felled and around these was father and slaughtering the whole family except the thrown up the earth. But the Indians proveti to murderer before they were appeased; their idea being be peaceable. A conference took place; Lieu- that if they killed the man who did the shooting his tenant Piper was confident that the stolen stock death would not occasion him so much grief as would was not in the neighborhood; the troops resumed the loss of his relatives. their line of march. Wendolen Nus was in the "Their burial ceremony was peculiar and lasted vicinity at the time with a band of stock. Later two days, accompanied by feasting and dancing, and at he related the incident to the early settlers. M\r. the conclusion the departed brave's squaw shaved her 0. A. Stearns afterward took up the land, and head and wore a hat, largely made of pitch, for several while one day mowing a meadow found the in- moons." trenchments at the spot described by Mr. Nus. Because of the knowletlge gained quite valua- As has been said, very little of the Klamath ble was an expedition made through this terri- country was known during the 50's, with the ex- torv in T86i. A portion of the country visited ception of what could be gleamed by immigrants had never before been explored. As a result of 932 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON.
this trip Fort Klamath was established which William Songer, Joseph Wells, Giles Wells, Jr., made possible the settlement of the country. I. P. Chandler, Norman Lee, John McCov, Rash Lindsay Applegate, one of the two brothers who Simpson, Robert Tenbrook, Louis Hyatt, Wil- selected the South Emigrant Road, at the head liam Jaquett, D. F. Cole, G. W. Gaskell, Williamn of a company of 42 volunteers, crossed the Cas- Harris, Warren Vennoi, Mike Murphy, William cades and proceeding to Bloody Point on Tule Pittenger, Peter Smith, John Sperry, John Rob- lake there met an emigrant train menaced by inson, William Steward, F. F. Fulton, J. WV. Modoc Indians. Wallace Baldwin, of Klamath Mills, Thomas Williams, J. C. Raper, J. J. Car- Falls was a member of the party and has fur- ter, Charles Sumner, David Laughertv, J. P. nished us valuable data relative to the meeting Woodson, William West, Samuel Richey, NV. of the emigrant train at that point. The party W. Shedd, Daniel Chapman, C. F. Blake, Isaac were met by Chief Schonchin and his warriors. McCoy, Ben Johnson. They first inquired if the party had come to In the early 6o's the discovery of gold in the 'We replied that we had not,' says Mr. Bald- John Day country of northern Oregon was the win, "but that we were prepare(l for just such incentive to considerable travel through the an emergency. The Indians sized us up, counted future Klamath county. During i86i and i862 our men and evidently caine to the conclusion several different parties went from California to that their mission was, also, peaceful. Upon in- the mining districts in the north, driving stock quiry concerning the whereabouts of the immlii- and taking in provisions and mining untensils grant train that we were to meet, Schonchin by means of pack trains. Their route through maintained that he knew nothing of it. We de- the territory was by way of Tule lake, Lost river, cided to push OtI further. Instead of following Sprague river, Sican marsh, Silver lake and the road, at the instigation of the Indians, we thence to the north. proceeded by a "cut-off" trail, which Schonchin Observing more of the extent, fertility and said would. and which did, save uts many miles resources of the Klamath country on the trip, of travel. However, when we again reached the of i86i, previously mentioned, it was resolved road we found that the train had recently passed to take advantage of every opportunity offered while we had been on the trail recommended uts for opening up the country for settlement. Lind- by the Indian.s. We suspected treachery and im- say Applegate was enthusiastic in his desire to mediately set out on a forced march to overtake see a military post established in the Lake region the train. We should not have been surprised for the two-fold purpose of protecting travel on to find the immigrants massacred and the Indians the South Road through the Modoc country, and in readiness to attack our party. But such was to encourage the income of settlement. As a not the case. We came upon the immigrants member of the Oregon legislature in i862 he ad- safe, but greatly alarmed by actions of the In- vocated the passage of a memorial to congress dians w\vo were en(leavoring to approach the praying for the establishment of Fort Klamath train, as they explained, to tell the new arrivals and the negotiation of a treaty with the Klamath of our whereabouts. The immigrants would not and Modoc Indians. These measures proving allow the Indians to approach, and in this an- successful the fort was located in i863. tagonistic position we found them. They had ex- It may be stated that the establishment of perienced a severe journey, and all they had left the post was by the advice of General Alvord, to eat was a cow recentl' killed. We were well then in command of the district of Oregon. He supplied with provisions and, if I ever saw a maintained that the post was necessary to "pro- grateful party of men and women, it was that tect the emigrant roads and the frontier settle- same hand of ininli-rants." ments." Although General Alvord was in com- Anxious to see more of the Klamath country, mand of the district of Oregon, the site was se- Mr. Applegate divided his company, sending lected by Colonel C. S. Drew who made a trip twenty men with the train to Rogue river valley, into the interior for the purpose. while wvith the remaining twenty-two he jour- As we have stated Fort Klamath was estab- neved tip Lost river valley, passed near the site lished to protect travel through the Klamath of the present town of Klamath Falls, on tip the country. Up to this period there was not a set- east side of Upper Klamath lake, crossed the tler in the whole of what is now Klamath countv, Wood river valley and returned to Rogue river and the only route of travel was via the old emi- by the way of the Dead Indian country. The grant road. Why, then, was the fort established members of this party were: at its present location in preference to a point Captain Lindsav Applegate, First Lieutenant nearer the road where troops would be of some C. F. Blake, Ivan Applegate, Marion Anderson, use in protecting emigrant trains? This is ex- George Brown, Wallace Baldwin, A. J. Walls, plained as follows: HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 933
When the Oregon legislature memorialized gon Infantry, which had been recruited in Jack- congress for the establishment of a military post son county the preceding year, was stationed at in the Klamath country, no suggestion was made the post. Captain Franklin 13. Sprague was the as to a definite location. It was, of course, utn- company commander. Major W. V. Reinhart, derstood that it would be located near the road. of the same regiment, was in command of the Pine Grove was a point mentioned by many who post. In i865 the second road was built from had become acquainted with the country and Fort Klamath across the mountains to Jackson- certainly it would have been much more desir- ville. The work was done by members of Com- able than the one selected. Entering into the pany I, First Oregon Infantrv, tinder command situation of the fight was jealously existing be- of Captain Sprague. - This time a more practi- tween the towns of Ashland and Jacksonville on cable route was selected and a fairly good road the west side of the mountains. Ashland fav- was the result. The Drew road was such an im- ored a location on Lost river, or at some point possible one that when Captain Sprague took near the road. Jacksonville, per contra, realized charge of the post early in r865, he asked per- the advantage this would give its rival town mission of the government to select a route and which, being nearer, would have the advantage build a new road. This permission was granlted,. in furnishing supplies to the post, etc., and laid and with John Matliews. a mulatto, and old utn- its plans to have the post located where the ad- ter and frontiersman, Captain Spragute selected vantage would be with Jacksonville. Colonel the route, and the road was built by the mem- Charles Drew, who recommeded the site, was bers of Company I. favorable to the county seat town-Jacksonville The post received another troop of the First -and his influence prevailed. A road over an Oregon Cavalry in the fall of 1865. This was impracticable route was built from Jacksonville Troop A, of which Captain John McCall was to the site selected. The post was established commander. All these troops remained there where Jacksonville wanted it, but the folly of until the spring of T866. when the two cavalry the choice was apparent ever after. The road. troops were ordered to Vancouver to be mustered the first to penetrate the county, beside the old out of service. Company I remained at the fort South Emigrant road, was built in i863 by the until July 1867, when it was relieved and moved soldiers under Colonel Drew when that officer to Tacksonville, where it was mustered out on the was on his trip to select a site for the post. The Tith of that month. road was as bad as could well be imagined and The Civil War was now over and thereafter after the other road was built in 1865 by Captain Fort Klamathl was garrisonled by regular troops. Sprague it was not used. Captain Sprague's company was relieved by At the date of establishment of Fort Klamath Troop A. First United States Cavalry, comn- the Civil war was in progress. Regular troops manded by First Lieutenant John Snell. Cap- were all in the east: the fort was first garrisoned tain McGregor, of the same troop arrived later bv Oregon volunteers. The original garrison sta- and took command of the fort. The regular tioned at the post was Troop C, First Oregon troops at once began the erection of new build- Cavalry, under command of Captain William ings at the fort, all of which were completed in Kelly. They arrived in the fall of 1863 and(ldtir- i868; the ruins of the others may still be seen ing that winter lived in tents. In the spring on the old site. In 1870 Troop B, of the First were begun the fort buildings, all of which were Cavalry, commanded by Captain James Jackson, completed in the spring of I864. A primitive relieved Troop A, antd at the outbreak of the sawmill was installed at the fort, which prepared Modoc War Major John Green, of the First Cav- lumber for the buildings. The structures erected alry. was in command of the fort. this year, and which served until the regulars Following the M\,odoc War. Fort Klamath garrisoned the post, were nearly all built of box was garrisoned by a few regular troops until lumber, a few of logs. There were four officers' T889, when it was abandoned. In i886 the gov- quarters. the adjutant's office, a g-uar(l house and ernment was on the point of ordering its aband- arsenal of logs, a quartermaster's and commis- onment, but so many urgent protests against such sarv store house, also of logs; hospital, barracks a course were received in Washington from the for two companies in one long, double building. people of Klamath county that the order was not with two small additions, for first sergeants' of- issued. fices, stables for two troops of cavalry, the best September 28, T886. a mass meeting of citi- and most substantial of all the buildings: a com- zens was held at inkville to protest against the pranv bakery and four log houses occupied by the proposed abandonnment of Fort Klamath and the families of the married men of the troon. removal of United States troops. Countv TJudge In the spring of TS6. Company I, First Ore- G. W,. Smith was chairman of the meeting ain(l J. 934 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON
W. Hamaker was made secretary. The people troops at one post than to scatter them throughout ,were very much in earnest in protesting against the country at a number of small stations, addingfl the removal of troops and adopted the following that there was now no necessity for troops at resolutions . that point. Whereas, It is proposed by the Hon. Secretary of During the Indian unrest and occasional up- War to abandon Fort Klamath, in this county, and to risings caused by the Messiah craze througihont remove the United States troops therefrom; and, the west in i890 and i8g9, the people of Klanmath Whereas. The Klamath, Mlodoc and other tribhs county made efforts to induce the government to and bands of Indians located on the Klamath Indian regarrison Fort Klamath. Their efforts were reservation, located in said county, have always re- unavailing. The following letter from the sec- quired the presence of a strong military force in the retarv of war to Congressnman Hermann. explains vicinity of said reservation in order to maintain peace: how that gcentleman felt in regard to the matter: and Whereas, It was the inadeqnacy of the military force I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of at said post that was the cause of the Modoc War your letter of the 8th ultimo, calling attention to the of 1872-3; and defenseless condition of the Pacific coast and Oregon Whereas, T here is at present only a small frag- frontier, and stating that the buildings and cavalry ment of one company of troops at Fort Klamath; and stables at Fort Klamath are all in good repair and Whereas, owing to the present disputes between that there is a very general desire on the part of the the whites and Indians as to the boundary lines of people in that vicinity that troops should be stationed the reservation, the constant trespassing thereon (as at that place until the spirit of hostility and unrest alleged by the Indians) of cattle, horses and other disappears from the Indian tribes. animals belonging to the whites; the constant driving In reply I beg to advise that upon reference of the off of those animals by the Indian;s; the recent killing matter to the commanding general of the division of of an Indian by a white mal, growing out of these the Pacific lie reports that upon the Indian reservation, dispnte,; all these facts show that there is imminent of Oregon the Indians are actively engaged in civil danger of another Indian war unless Fort Klamath is pursuits, trying to make a living: that in his opinion strengthened by additional troops; and there is no military necessity for the placing of troops Whereas, An adequate military force is as necessary on the Klamath reservation; and that he can not to protect the Indians from trespass and injnry by recommend the re-occupation of Fort Klamath, as in whites, as to protect the whites from trespass and in- the case of formidable trouble there, the post would jury by the Indians therefore be it resolved: be of no use to the government. He adds that from First: That we respectfully and earnestly protest the numerous reports received at the headquarters of against the proposed abandonment of Fort Klamathi. that division of anticipated Indian troubles, it is and request that the order therefor be countermanded, problematical where an outbreak will occur, if aiiywhcre, or indefinitely suspended. and that the alarming reports concerning the hostile Second: That we most respectfully and urgently demonstration by the Bannock Indians have proven urge and request the lion. Secretary of War to in- to be without foundation. crease the military force at Fort Klamath to at lea-t It may be added that the reservation is now with' two companies of cavalry. all appurtenances thereon linder the control of the Third: That we heartily endorse and approve the secretary of the interior. able letter on this subject addressed by Senator John H Mitchell, of Oregon, to the Hon. Secretary of War. Fort Klamath was the most beautiful frontier Fourth : That a copy of the proceedings of this post that it was ever permitted a soldier to oc- meeting he forwardedl immediately to the Hon. Secre- cupy. Historic interest, exquisite scenerv and tary of 'War, and to each member a f our delegation in streams of crystal purity cast a charm over Fort congress. Klamath which haunts a visitor to its solitude for manv days after his departure. Though the Thus for a time the people of Klamath county soldier has left it in solitude, the eye quickens were able to postpone the abandonment of the none the less at its charm. Abandoned, the fort. Put an order for the removal of the troops btuildinigs of Fort Klamath soon fell into ruin. came a few years later. In 1889, after having Today a few of the old buildings still remain, been garrisoned 26 years Fort Klamath was uncared for and unoccupied, save by an occa- abandoned. An earnest remonstrance was for- sional companv of Indians from the reservation. warded to the authorities at Waslhingtoni. but About a mile from the buildings of old Fort this time it (lid not prevail. As an excuse for the Klamath stands the new Fort Klamath, a little aban tloument the governinerit said that it wvas village located in one of the most beautiful spots much more economical to retain a large body of of Klamath county. HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 935,
With the completion of the entire history of the mouintains on the east side of the lake; thence Fort Klamath we have taken several long strides along said mountains to the point where Sprague river ahead in the chronological order of our work. is intersected by Ish-tish-ia-wa creek; thence in a lThe vear following the establishment of the southerly direction to the stimmit of the mountain, the fort, in the fall of 1864, there occurred an import- extremity of which forms the point of rocks; thence ant event in the history of the county. This was along said mountain to the place of beginning. a treaty with the Klamath and Modoc Indialls an11d the creation of the Klamath reservation. Es- This tract contained, besides much country tablishment of the fort had been for the protec- that was considered unfit for settlement, the tion of travel through suCch a hostile country and Klamath marsh, which afforded a great food the encouragement of settlement. Naturally the supply in roots, seeds, etc., a large extent of fine next succeeding step to bring about the latter grazing land, with sufficient arable land to make condition was a treaty with the Indians in- farms for all the Indians and access to the fishery lhabitating the country. This was finally accom- l On Williamson river and the Great, or Upper plished; the two tribes cediing all their landls to lKlanath lake. The Klamath reservation, as the governmiiieit. except the reservation, on did every Indian reservation, if that on the Ore- which the Indians were to live. This treatv was gon coast was accepted, contained some of the made October 14, i864, at Council Grove near choicest country and most agreeable scenery in Fort Klamath, between Superintendent Hunting- the state. White persons. except government ton, of Oregon, A. E. Wiley, superintendent of officers and employees. were by the terms of California, by his deputy, Agent Logan, of Warm treaty forbidden to reside upon the reservation, Springs reservation, Lindsay Applegate, and tflE while the Indians were equally bound to live Klamath. Modocs and Yahooskin band of upon it: the right of way for public roads only Snakes. The military present were a detaclh- being pledged. The United States agreed to ment of Washington infantry under Lieutenant pav $8.ooo per aninumn for five years, beginning Halloran. W. C. M\lcKay with five Indian scouts. wheni the treaty should be ratified; $5,000 for the Captain IKellv and Lieutenant tndlerwood, with next five years andl $3,000 for the following five a detachment of Company C. The Indians on years; these sums to be expended tinder the di- the ground numbered i,070, of wvhon 700 were rection of the president for the benefit of the Klamiaths, over 300 Modocs and 20 Snakes, but Tndlians. The Uncited States further agreed to more tban 1.500 were represented. Huntington pay $35,000 for such articles as should be fur- estimated that there were not more than 2,000 In- nished to the Indians at the time of signing the dians in the country treated for, though Colonel treaty, an(l for their subsistence, clothing and Drew an(l F. Steele, of California. made a much teams to begin farming for the first year. As higher estimate. sootn as practicable after the ratification of the Special Agent Linclsay Applegate and McKay treaty. mills. shops and a school house were to acted as couinsellors and interpreters for the TIn- le btiilt. For 15Dxears a superintendent. a far- dians. There was no difficulty in mnaking a treaty mer, blacksmith. wagon maker, sawyer, and car- with the Klamaths. The AlIodocs and Snakes penter were to be furnished and two teachers for were more reculant. but signed the treatv which 22 years. The United States might cause the they perfectly understood. Tt ceded all right to land to be surveyed in allotments. which might a tract of country extending from the 4 4 th paral- be sectured to the families of the holders. The lel on the north to the ridge which divides the anntiities of the tribes cotuld not be taken for the Pit and TcLeod rivers on the south, and front debts of individuals. The United States might the Cascade mountains on the west to the Goose at anv future time locate other Tnidians on the lake mountains on the east. The boundaries of reservation, the parties to the treaty to lose no the Indian reservation as (lefine(l in the treaty rights thereby. are as follows: On the part of the Itlrians they pledged themselves not to drink intoxicating liquors on Beginning upon the eastern shore of middle pain of forfeiting their annuities and to obey Klamath lake at the point of rocks about twelve miles the laws of the United States, the treat- to be below the month of Williamson river; thence follow- binding when ratified. ing tip said eastern shore to the mouth of Wood river; At this great council which was atten(le(l by thence ip Wood river to a point one mile north of the ncarlv all the Indians in the basin, they asked bridge at Fort Klamath ; thence dTle cast to the stimmit the appointment of Lindsay Applegate as their of the ridge which divides the npper and middle Klamati agent. which appointment was niade dutrineg the lakes; thence along said ridge to a point dne east (uwete summiner of i865. and he repaired to Fort Klam- of the north end of the tipper lake to the sunimit of ath in October of that year with Oliver Applegate,
16'.E 936 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. his son, as clerk and interpreter, his only em- tinies observe(l on the suiimmits of the northern plovee, and took charge of the In(lians. The hills. Ivan Applegate was in charge of this sub- treaty had not vet been ratified bv the United agency until the sunimer of 1871. With One States senate anrd little coul(l he done for the bene- white assistant he built a few log buildings, or- 'fit of the people. ganized an Indian police force, fenced some land In May, i866, the ageilt. with Lucien Apple- and raised a crop of grain the summer of -1870, gate. Oliver Applegate. Saniltel D. \hitmnorc with aid of the Tndians. Duriiig the summer of an(1 a man named Reed. with a wagon drawn by 187i about twenty log cabins were erected at the four voke of oxen and laden with various articles sub-agency for the Iiidians, and other improve- for the begining of agricultural operatiolis oil ments were made. 0. C. Applegate took charge the reservation, came over the Cascades on the inl 1871. old emigrant road. Thev crossed Link river The main IKlamath agency was established at where the boom now is, at the head of the river, Ko-was-ta, at the head of Klamatli lake, MXav swimming the cattle and horses and ferrying 12, i866. A log cabin was erected and plowing the wagons and goods over in Indian canoes. at once began. Whleat, oats, rye and barley, with Knowing no way Up the big lake except the an assortment of the hardier vegetables, were rocky trail along the lake margin they supposed successfully grown that season and the feasibility the! wotild have to make the circuit arouind Lost of field culture ili the Klamath basin was demon- river gapi and dowil Sprague river to reach the strated. The Indians entered into the spirit of proposed site of Klamath agency, but a Link the new procee(lings with great zest an(l the river Indiaii volunteered his services and piloted field was fenced in a day with willows, sage them ldirectly through the mountains to William- brush and pine limbs, the interpreter, with son river, the present road from Klamath Falls thirty stalwart warriors doing the work. The to Navlox being onl the route traveled. At the next season rails were made. mostlv by the Ill- "Point of Rocks." north of Navlox. thev climbed (dianis and several miles of substantial fence to the summit of the moutntainl, thlence along the wvere ma(le. miiucl of which still stands as a summit an(l (bown the steep bluff to the ford on memorial of those initial days of enterprise and Williamson river, a few miles above the site of improvement. Aln(d long after the establish- the present bridge. They christened the Indian merit of the agency it was menaced bv the Snake gui(de Moses, for obvious reasons. fi(diaiis. then on the warpath. and the little At this point in our historv we (divert for log buildin'gs were hastily enclosed by a stockade the purpose of giving the list of agents who have an(l was for a portion of the time guarded by a served at Klamath agencv since the establish- letachiiielit of troops from Fort IKlamath. Vexa- nient of the reservation. tious (delays attended the ratification of the A gentlemain named Rogers was the first Klamath and Modoc treaty. so that operations agent, lie having served from tile time of the coul(l not le comniencedtunder it until the year treaty until the appointment of Tinlsav Apl)le- T867. In October of that year Superintendent gate. in i865. The latter served until TiS(. Mr. Huntin-ton undertook to lead in a band of beef Applegate was succee(le(l by 0. C. Knai)o, who cattle for the Indians. and several ox and horse contintle(l in charle about one year. Tolin -\Tea- teamis laden with anluitv goods. the first ill- chain was a special agent for a ver7 s1hort time. stallnient to coliie from The Dalles to Klamathi He was snccee(le(l by L,. S. Dvar who held tile po- agency. via the Wharm Springs reservation. As sitioii for a number of vears. Mattlhews wals for the Snake war was yet in progress there was no a short time agent, and he was succeeded hv F. little danger of the great train falling into the T. Applegate who continued in charge about tP o hall(s of Paulina, the war chief of the Oregon years. T.. S. Wilkensoii was acent about eighlt nonia(hs. M r. Huntington called upon the agent years. The next succeeding agecit was Tosepli for assistance and lie went at once to meet hin EFnery. who was. in T808, succe(lded( liv Captain with ain escort of five regulars from Fort Klamath O. C. Applegate whin remained ill charge until and Oliver Applegate, with his hastily organizeJ MaV T90S. wlieii IH. G. WiSlson becaiie agent. conipanv of Klamatli scouts. Two of the princi- Ihaving establislhed the ITKlamatlh Tndian pal chiefs were his lieutenants and the siUB- agency the Applegate partv proceedee(l UP ordinates consisted of the most daring and active Spragtie river and located Yainax, as a suil- of the voilng warriors. This was called the "Axe ageiicv station for the benefit of tile nians TIn- and Rifle Conlipanv." as these men guarded the dians residing in the beautifuil vallev of that train through the hostile country anld, going in qtream, being watched the entire distance bv the advance throutlh the dense black pine forests, wilder Snake and Pinte Inidians of Silver anid between the iDes Chlutes ansl Klamath, cut out Summer lakes, their signal fires being mall! the waay with their axes for the teams, mostly HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 937
along the route of the old Indian trail. This for future disagreement. The description in the great i train in November encountered a snow treaty was vague and indefinite, and the surveyor, i -storm in the Des Chutes country and for a hun- Mercer, undoubtedly interpreted it conscien- dred miles progress was difficult and trying. tiously and properly. i At the period the original treaty with the Thus the matter rested for many years. The Indians was made the reservation had not been Indians were dissatisfied with the survey of I870 surveyed, the boundaries being described by what and believed that they were entitled to the whole were supposed to be well defined topographical of U pper Sprague river valley, as they under- features. This treaty was signed in i864, ac- stood the treaty of 1864. The government hav- cepted by the Indians and ratified by the govern- ing accepted the 'Mercer survey of 1870, leaving ment. But when a survey of the reservation out of the reservation the rich lands of upper was made it was found to be a difficult task to Sprague river valley, this land was settled upon locate the boundaries: this led to complications by whites and patents to the lands were issued which were not settled for many years after. by the government. In I870 the described line was surveyed by At last efforts were made to effect a settle- Mr. Mercer, of Corvallis. He submitted his map ment of the perplexing question. As the repre- to the Indians at that time. They then claimed sentative of the Indians Mr. Ivan Applegate went that he had not included all the land which they to Washington. D. C., where he succeeded in hav- had supposed was reserved to them in the treaty. ing action taken. It xvas during the second ad- His survey cut off a portion of Sican valley and ministration of Grover Cleveland that congress the whole upper portion of Sprague river valley. authorized the appointment of a commission to i The Indians declared that all this country had investigate and report the claims of the Indians. been included in the tract reserved as they had This commission was composed of William C. t agreed upon the boundary in making the treaty: Coleman. of M\lissouri. Richard R. P. Hammond, but Mr. Mercer could not find it so in the treatv. of California and Ivan Applegate, of Oregon. The Indians then insisted that it was not written Upon investigating the case in all its details as they understood it: but the Mercer survey the commission found that the treaty provided was accepted and ratified by the government. for the whole of Sprague river valley to be in- Thus the whole land business and settlement of eluded in the reservation: that according to the Klamath county conformed to the survev as later surveys a large portion of that valley had placed upon the records. The difference be- been left out and had been setled by whites; tween Mercer's reading of the treaty and the ver- that between soo0ooo and 6oo,ooo acres of land sion of the Indians is the question as to what had thus been denied the rightful owners, the point was to he considered the junction of "Ash- Indians. Tihe commission fixed a value of about tish ' creek and Sprague river. The treaty pro- 78 cents per acre on the land and recommended vided that from a point near the head of Klamath that an appropriation be granted the Indians in marsh the line should run to "the point where paviyment. The report was accepted, but up to Sprague river is intersected bv 'ANsh-tish,' or Wax the present time the appropriation has not been creek." Now this creek after emerging from its granted by congress. although attempts to pass upper and mountainous course, spreads out, some- such a bill are ma(le at nearly every session. what after the fashion of Lost river, over a wide. The Klamath and Modoc Indians of the nearly level, marshy,.plain, which is called upper Klamath reservation all dress as whites, xvear I Sprague river valley. but does not intersect any their hair short and are well advanced in civiliza- other water course until it reaches what is called tion. While they are not what might be termed the middle fork of Sprague river. The survevor fully civilized, the elements of progress are well ran a line to this. the first point of inltersection grounded and steadily developing among theni. with another stream that he could find, and main- A stranger riding throtughi the district wvonld tained that lie could not follow the nirections never suspect that he was passing through an and do otherwise. The Tndians said they con- Indian settlement. Commodiotus residences, good sidered Nshi-tish creek as ended where it reached barns, extensive stock pastures and hay meadowvs, the valley or plain, and that the stream thence stacks of hav and good fences, with what little onward was Snragu-e river; and thev had intended live stock thev have in fine condition, show gen- to keep the whole of utpper Sprague river v.allev. eral prosperity and give it the appearance of a The treaty \yas written by Agent Huntington and coinnitunitv of prosperous white pioneers. in-eadl the boundaries were described to him by the of being amiong the Klamath and Modoc Indians, Tndians throughl an interpreter. 'Neither lie nor some of wvhomi were hostiles of the "Lava Peds" the witnesses to the teartv went over the line, troulbles of T8,72 and 1873. an(l it is not surprising that opportunity was left With the exception of the very old people
_ ' _-- Ld 938 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. I these Indians are fairly well educated, a majority wards on the Klamath reservation. At the agency J of thenm I being well advanced, and of the 200 is maintained one of the most promising Indian I whose signatures were attached to an agreement schools in the service, having an average attend- with the government in o900,95 signed their ance of about 125 pupils. As shown by statistics 1, own names. All appear to understand English, it stands only second to the Chemawa Training and most of them, both men and women, speak school, or Harrison Institute, near Salem. among the English language quite intelligently and with- the several Indian schools of Oregon, and is a out native accent so common to most tribes. permanent institution. The school buildings The Klamath Indians, in customs, education alone represent a valuation of not less then and business ability, are superior to most of the $30,000. Besides the school there are several American tribes and are surpassed by none. Con- other institutions at the agency for the benefit trast the Klamatlhs w\ith the blanketed, long- of the Indians. Early in the present decade con- haired Sioux or any of the several branches of gress appropriated $S i,000 for improvements at that tribe. The Klamaths are far in advance of the agency. Of this amount $5,700 was for a them. system of water works: $2,100 for sewers, and The government has taken good care of its $3,200 for electric lighting.
CHAPTER II
FROMI EARLY SETTLE-MENT TO MODOC WAR
W~e have now advanced to the primal settle- passed by with indifference; considered fit for ment of Klamath county. Prior to the Indian nothing but savage Modocs, sage brush, covotes treaty no thought of permanent settlement in the and jack-rabbits, was discovered to be valuable country had entered the mind of any one. To a as a stock raising country. One by one the few people only was the country known-those pioneers ventured in here and thus satisfied the who had come from the far western settlements more timid that this was indeed a fair and goodly to pilot immigrants across the mountains and pro- land-that in addition to being a good stock, it tect them from Indians; a few trappers and trad- was a farming country as well. But this latter ers; two or three men who had had the courage fact was not demonstrated until many years to graze stock upon the range; and a small force later. of troops under Colonel Drew w\ho had made an The honor of being the first permanent settler exploration of the country. But with the estab- in Klamath county undoubtedly belongs to Wen- lishment of the military post and the resultant dolen Nius, who was later killed in the Modoc knowledge gained of the country, a few stalwart War. Ae have related the experiences of MIr. pioneers ventured to build homes and wrest a Nus during the wvinter of i858-9, in the Klamath heritage from the wilderness. But this early set- country, and of his subsequent removal to the tlement was not accomplished without great dan- John Day mines. In 1866 Mr. Nus returned to ger, privations and hardships. Few and far be- the Klamath basin. With him he brought a band tween were the settlers: surrounded by wild of cattle. He located on the west side of Klamath beasts and wilder men, deprived of all life's com- lake at a point about three miles north of the forts and the conveniences of social life : they present town of Klamath Falls. Here he built a joined determinedly, in the struggle with material cabin, did some fencing and passed the winter of things. But to these pioneers the swamp and 1866-7. That winter he furnished beef for the sage plains of Klamath county presented a scene fort. In 1867 he took tup a place on the east bank at once picturesque, but unpromlising, except for of Klamatb river, abotit two miles below the pres- the sole industry of stock raising. The natural cut site of Klamath Falls. Here he built a cabin meadowvs afforded sustenance for winter, and the and ran a ferry across the Klamath river. bunch grass hills were the almost limitless pas- In April, i867, two soldiers stationed at the tures where their cattle flourished and fattened. fort, First Sergeant 0. A. Stearns and Lewellvn 'Itbus the Klamath country for so many years Colver. of Company I, First Oregon Infantrya HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 939 selected land in the Klamath country upon which in i867. At all events a cabin was built here by to settle so soon as they were mustered out of the George Nurse an(l Edgar Overton, and within service. This occurred in July, of that year, at the cabin was a store consisting of the remnants Jacksonville, and they at once returned to their of Mr. Nurse's sutler's stock at Fort Klamath. new homes. The holdings by them selected were The entire assortment could, probably, have been state lands on the west side of Klamath river, loaded on a buckboard. It consisted of trinkets seven miles southwest of the present town of which caught the Indian's eye; tobacco which was Klamath Falls. Mlessrs. Stearns and Colver more to the liking of the white man; and a few formed a partnership which was maintained for other articles generally found in a frontier sut- several years. They built one cabin and laid ler's store. As we shall in a later chapter tell of the foundation for homes. Being without means the subsequent history of this town, let us pass it they were obliged to work out a portion of each here with this brief mention. year in order to secure a "grub-stake" to start Thus we find at the close of i867, where at them in the stock-raising business. the beginning there was only one settler, a town 0. T. Brown, who had been at the fort for with something less than a dozen people and a some time previous, accompanied Stearns and few scattered settlers living in the Klamath couiI- Colver in their search for land, and about the try, aside from the soldiers at Fort Klamath. The same time located on Spencer creek. Mrs. Brown year i868 witnessed the arrival of quite a inumi- accompanied her husband and was the first white ber of new settlers in the Klamath country. These, woman to make her home in the Klamath as did those of the preceding Year, came with a country. view of making permanent homes for themselves Arthur Langell was a settler of i867. He lo- and families. Being quite doubtful of the prac- cated upon the Hot Springs property just east ticability of successful farming, they gave their of the present town of Klamath Falls. Later he more serious attention to the raising of horses sold this property and moved to the valley which and cattle. now bears his name. From the general character of the soil it soon Another settler of i867 was Dennis Crawley appeared to the casual observer that crops might who settled on land on the west side of Klamath be grown, barring the doubt entertained of the ef- river near the 0. A. Stearn's place. H. Adi. fect of severe winters and early frosts. However, Thatcher, who was a school teacher living in the the human family is endowed with an experimen- settlements west of the mountains, was a part- tal temperament, and these hardy pioneers had ner of AIr. Crawley and came out the following unlimited possession of it. year. He took land adjoining his partner. Be- The subsequent four or five years determined ing of small means these two men decided to the fact that grain by careful and expedient cul- economize in the matter of buildings and so only vation could be grown with moderate success in one cabin was erected, and that was on 'i\ r. Craw- about four particular localities, viz: the John ley's claim. They put in a crop of grain, their H. Miller and 0. A. Stearns' places, near Keno; intention being to supply grain for Fort Klam- the Reames & Martin place, near Linkville and ath. Their veuttire resulted in failure: their part- the A. J. Burnette place on the eastern shore of nership was dissolved, and each member settled Klamath lake. Grain at that time sold readily at at different points in the county. three, four and five cents per pound. Around C. C. Bailey, in the same year, settled on the these four small farms centralized the thought present site of Maylox, the place then being and experiment of the entire community in har- known as Humming Bird Spring. mony with the owners who performed the manual Another settler of i867 was A. J. Burnette, labor, the desire of the consumers being to avoid who took ul) his place of residence on the east transportation of this much needed article over a side of the lower end of lUpper Klamath lake. rugged, rocky rough and mountainous road from William Hicks, also, came to the country this Rogue River valley on wagons drawn by horses year and was employed by MIr. Langell on his and mules. These places were located on the place at the Hot Springs. shores of Little Klamath lake, or swamp sur- The crowning event of the year i867 was the roundling the lake, immediately adjacent to the founding of the town of Linkville, on Link river; natural swamp grases used for hay; the lands in the present town of Klamath Falls. The creation their wild state being covered faith small brush of the town at this time was not effected with and weeds-not the varietv commonly known as loud whoops and a brass band. Possibly it is sage brush land of wvhich the county is mostly stretching a point to say that the town was composed, but rather the intermediate between "founded" at all. But we will accept the benefit swamp and sage brush land. of the doubt anid say that ILinkville w-as founded These supposed favored localities were taxed
-.- .1 '940 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON.
to their limited capacities in an effort to supply within the boundaries of the present Klamath the demand of a rapidly increasing stock country county. This settlement of i869 was due, largely, which was being populated by migratory herds to the ending of the Snake Indian war following from every county and state on the Pacific coast the successful campaign of General Crook. To for the purpose of gaining free access to the goose lake valley there was quite an inimigra- bunch grass that carpeted the hills and plains. The tion that year, and as the route was through the stockmen were reclining at their ease, reaping Klamath county territory, many, being satisfied handsome profits from their fat herds of cattle with the country, stopped off and settled. Among and horses. A v ery large percentage of the reve- the new corners this year were George S. Miller, nue derived from the sale of stock was expended who drove in a band of cattle and located at Lost in Rogue River valley for flour, vegetables, fruits river gap; Thomas J. Brattain, who settled near an(l other necessaries of life. So commonly was Linkville that vear and moved to the Bonanza the settler seen on the road after supplies that neighborhood the following season; W illiam J. the lookers-on facetiously remarked, "There goes Horton, Anion Shook, and several sons who lo- another sage-brusher down to Egypt after corn." cated near the Stearns ranch Francis Siiiith, In i868 1\essrs. Coultas and Kuhn, with their Edward Penning and John S. Shook who took wives, settled in the Klamath basin. These ladies claims in, and nanie(l Alkali, (now Yonna) val- were the second and third white women to become lev; Bienjamiii Hall and a small party who found residents of Klamath county. In I868 J. T. Fulk- honles in Lankell's valley; Jacob Thompson, erson and MIr. Harris took up homes about ten Jesse D. Walker, who located oii the west side of miles southwest of Linkville where they built Klamathi river near Keno; IMr. Whitney who cabins. Mrs. Harris and Mrs. Fulkerson were built the bridge at Linkville; Judson Small, Den- also, among the first white women to locate in the nis Small, A. F. Woodruff, Joseph Campbell, Si- county. Steven Stukel, still a resident of Klam- las Kilgore and George Thonias, all of whom lo- ath county, settled two and one-half miles east cated southwest of Linkville. of Klamath Falls, on what is now known as the It was in i869 that the few settlers who had Mitchell place, in i868. He made his home mnade homes in the Klamath country began to dis- there until 1878 when he moved to the Merrill cuss seriously the question of a road through neighborhood. In the fall of i868 a MIr. Miller their particular section of the country. The road accompanied by his three sons, John H., Will- from Fort Klamath to the towns west of the iam and Warren settled on land on Little Klam- mountains was of no benefit whatever to those ath lake on what is now known as the Downing who had settled in the southern portion of the ranch. Robert Whittle, who for several years countv. The members of the countv court of previously had annually come from Yreka ul) to Jackson county were not, at first, inclined to the Klamath river where Keno is now situated, to grant the petition of the settlers east of the moun- catch fish which he took back to Yreka to sell, in tains for a county- road. Through a country so i868 with his son-in-law, Francis Picard, built a sparsely settled thle court could not see the wis- cabin and the two became residents of Klamath dorn of buildinig a roadway. But, eventually, af- county. Joseph Conger also came in i868, and ter two of the settlers had furnished a bond for worked for George Nurse at L.inkville for several $tooo to cover expenses in case it was not found years. Two other settlers of this year were John practicable to lay out the road, they dispatched Corbell and John Scheffbatuer. who bought the a surveyor to the Klamath country. He made a Hot Springs property of Arthur Langell. favorable report and laid out the road. This was The year i868 was, also. fraught with other all the settlers waanted; they constructed the high- events of imnportance. A sawmill was then estab- way. It wotuni(h tip along the Klamath river; lished in the territory now embraced by Klamath thence to Lost river andl down that streaii to the county. It was located on1 Spencer creek by Stukel place: thence down the east side of Tule Granville Naylor and John Hockenvoss. For teii lake to the state line. years it continell to saw lumber for the settlers Anlother event of this year was the survey of of southern Oregon and northern California. In a railway route across the countv. In the Klam- T871 this property was purchased by E. Spencer. ath Falls Express of April 20, 1893. Mr. D. B. This mill was quite a primitive one. but it an- Worthin!gton. who was a member of the survev- swerecl well the demands of that primiitive period. ing party, said of this incident: Nearlv all of the buildings in Klamath county iin the e-rlier davs were erected from hllumber sawe(l We call attention to the fact, though forgotten no at this mill. douht by many, that ITon. Jcse D. Applegate made a More settlers came in T869. At the close of preliminary survey across the Cascades in i869, which that year there were. possibly. TOO people living penetrated Klaniath county. HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 941
Applegate's line commenced near the old James very great figure so long as a sufficiently easy grade Miller place on Little Butte, following the same toward can be obtained. its head in the Cascades to Fish lake; thence southeast to Lost Prairie; thence on niearly the same course Some definite idea of the population of Klam- across the main summit to Buck lake; thence in a ath county in i870 may be gained from the fact more easterly direction to Aspen lake: thence easterly that at the election in June of that year there to the Klamath river, and crossing the same at the were cast in the precinct of Jackson, lying east old Nus ferry, about three miles below Klamath Falls; of the mountains, including the present Lake and thence in a southwesterly course to the Oregon and Klamath counties, 32 votes. California line. During the three years preceding the out- Our information in this matter is not burrowed, as break of the Modoc War, I870, '7i and '72, set- ye scribe (D. B. Worthington), was one of the chain tlement was quite vigorous, although when the bearers on that memorable expedition, and the scenes war came there were not to exceed 400 men, wo- and incidents occurring along the virgin line are yet men and children, possibly not over 250, in what I quite vivid in our memory. notwithtaanding the inter- is now Klamath county. Data is not available to, i vention of manv years This route proved to be give the names of all these settlers, but a few exceedingly rough in places, especially along Butte who lived in the county for many years and be- Creek and its head tributaries, abounding in brush, came closely identified with the county's history rocks and heavy timber, until we reached the neigh- in after vears have been brought to our notice. borhood of Lost Prairie. Then the woods became more Inl1870 came J. P. Roberts, James Taylor, Jo- I open and rocky, precipitous gorges and cliffs less fre- seph Sweigle and Benjamin Stout. In I871 W. I quent. From there onl we had no great difficulty in run- M. Roberts, John Gleim, J. F. Arant and Henry ning several miles each day, and on reaching the Kla- C. Duncan. The vear 1872 brought George Mc- math ba~ili we had plain sailing until we suddenly and Donald, Daniel Colvwell, Isaac Wilson, John Loos- quite unexpectedly ran into Captain Jack's camp on lev, Michael Hartery, J. F. Adams, Thomas Wil- Lost river, near the ol( Byec & Colwell stock ranch. son, I. P. Chandler and W. F. Arant. Here our further progress vas questioned by his high- Prior to the spring of I872, although the ness, Captain Jack, who informed us through Is In- IKlamath country was settled to a considerable terpreter, Scarface Charley. that he did not desire his extent, there had been no mail facilities. The dominion should be surveyed, as he had no intention troops at the fort secured their mail from Henley, of joining the 'Bostons' in agricultural pursuits. California, on the west side of the mountain, a, When made to understand that the survey was not soldier making the trip once every two weeks. being made for that particular purpose, but for a line The settlers got their mail as best they could. of railroad, lie was still obstinate (one of his noted But in the spring of 1872 the government peculiarities) and said that he did not want a rail- was prevailed upon to grant a mail route into road; his ponies being good enough for him and his the interior country, and a contract for carry- people. After a talk which lasted nearly through the ing the mail was let. The route was from Ash- night, costing the outfit all the tobacco it possessed and land, Oregon, to Lake City, California, via Link- nearly everything eatable, he told us we had his per- ville. At the latter town a postoffice was estab- mission to proceed to our objective point, the state lished with George Nurse as postmaster. Later line, but not to linger, as his people were 1Hiyun ulli x another office was opened at Merganser, of which copa Boston (angry at the xx ites) and he would J. P. Roberts was postmaster. not hold himself responsible for any loss of life or The contract for delivering over this route property which we might suffer at their hands. As was let to Mr. Kilgore, of Ashland, for between the redoubtable captain looked very much in earne-t $4,ooo and $5,000 a year. Weekly trips were while lie was saving this, we were not incliued to doubt made, the mails being carried by Mr. Kilgore and him in the least On the following day we connected his sons: sometimes on horseback; often in a with the state line and returned at 'double quick" to light vehicle, and occasionally they carried the Linkville with feelings of considerable relief that we mail sacks afoot on their backs. This contract i were vell out of a bad scrape. was held by Mr. Kilgore three years. To the best of our recollection this survey was In 1875 Garrett & Hatton were awarded the made at the instigation of a party of wealthy and contract to convey the mails, subletting the route prominent men of Oregon, to test the feasibility of a from Linkville to Lake City to John McCurdy. railroad line from Rogue river valley across the Cas- Then they turned their attention and energies cades to the Klamath basin. The route following the toward building up a first-class, old time stage Applegate survey is altogether practicable, though ex- route between the two first named points. The ceedingly rough in the vicinity of Little Butte; but terms of the contract called for semi-weekly a rough surface in building railroads does not cut any trips from Ashland to Linkville, which continued I I
-_d ii '1I
942 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON.
until the expiration of the first two years. Re- ing to accommodate the general public, regular ceiving nearly all the government passenger Concord coach, four and six-horse stock, was sub- traffic to and from Fort Klamath, which was stituted at great expense, and the service in- neavily garrisoned at that period, and as the creased to daily trips, running the original con- I-lamath country was beginning to be rapidly tract price up to $17,000 per year, which contin- settled tip, the staging business increased accord- tiei until the expiration of their contract. Diir- ingly. Two-hlorse stock and light wagons fail- ing the four years' service they lost only one trip.
CHAPTER III
THE MODOC WAR.
k In previous chapters we have told of the stir- the combined forces of all the -United States ring events in the Klamath country-which is troops in the country, and several companies of now the political division known as Klamath volunteer troops from Oregon and California for county-from the date of the first visit of white nearly a year. A trail of blood, ashes and tears men up to the opening of the Modoc War. It was left from Linkville to the lava beds; terror remains to detail the tragic incidents of this short, entered the hearts of every settler in the Klan- but desperate strruggle between a few score of the ilath. country. One of the fiercest Indiail wars Mfodoc Indiails, under the leadership of Captain ever fought, it attracted world-wide attention. Jack, and the United States troops and Oregon During the progress of this war, covering volunteers. i period of less than a year, nearly as many were But at the outset let us consider the status of killed-soldiers, volunteers and citizens-as were the Klamatll couintrv at the date of the outbreak lost in battle on the American side during the in the fall of 1872. Withiil the present boundaries Spanish-American war. The money expended of Klaniath county at that period were living in this outbreak by the United States was more between 300 and 400 wihite people-stock rais- than S4,oooooo. ers, mainly, in Lost river, Tule lake and Lan- Briefly the primnal causes of the Mlodoc War gell's valleys, on Link river, and one or two on was the refusal of this tribe of Indians to live on Sprague river. Within this county were two the Klamath reservation, as provided by treaty, small trading points; Linkville on the present and the attempt of the government to force them site of Klamath Falls, and Merganser, on the east to do so. bank of the river, two or three miles below Link- The main incidents leading up to the breaking ville. Each of these towns boasted of a store and out of hostilities are told in an official communi- two or three other business houses, which catered cation from Brigadier General Edward R. S. Con- to the trade of the settlers in the Klamath coun- by, commanding the department of the Colum- try. To the north of these settlements, from bia, to the assistant adjutant general of the mili- 40 to 60 miles was Fort Klamath, garrisoned tarv division of the Pacific, dated Portland, Feb- by a small body of troops. On the Klamath reser- ruary 7, I872. This communication in part was: vation lived the Klamath Indians and portions of a few other tribes who, according to the treaty of The treaty with the Klamaths, Modocs and 1864, had agreed to live there. The MIodocs, Yahooskin Snakes, was made on the 14th of October, in defiance of the treaty, occupied the old lands T864, and approved by the senate with certain amend- anti laid claill to them, levying tribute on the ments on the second of July, i866, hut not finally settlers who wished to make homes there. ratified until the ioth of December, TSfg. This long The war broke out in November, 1872. Under delay made the Indians who were parties to the treaty Captain Jack the AModocs swept throug ht the set- very suspicions, and I have been informed bv the tlements of Lost river and Tule lake valleys, superintendent that when the treaty, as amended by murdered the white inhabitants, destroyed homes the senate, was interpreted and explained to them, and, retiring into the impregnable recesses of the Captain Jack, the present leader of the troublesome lava beds of Northern California, bade defiance to Modocs, protested that it did not represent what they HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 943
had agreed to. He was, however. convinced by the the reservation. The story of the accomplishment testimony of the other chiefs, and finally assented to it. of this deed is worth preserving. The party that When they were established on the reservation they entered upon this mission were Superintendent wvent to work with a good deal of interest to build of Indian Affairs A. B. Meacham; 0. C. Knapp, cabins and enclose ground for cultivation, but were so agent of the Klamath reservation; W. C. McKay, much annoyed by the Klamaths that they complained the noted scout, and Ivan Applegate, then in to the local agent, w ho instead of protecting them in charge of the Yaimix agency. They assembled their rights, endeavored to compromise the difficulty at Linkville and preparations were made to go to by removing them to another location. At this point the Modoc camp, on Lost river, to confer with the same difficulties recurred, and a third selection was Captain Jack's band. A messenger was dis- made. The Modocs then abandoned the reservation, patched to Jack, who returned word that he did alleging that the last point selected was a trap to not recognize their authority and that he would place them in the power of their enemies, the Klamaths. not confer. However, they went to his camp. These changes were made without the concurrence As a matter of precaution a detachment of sol- of the superintendent, and I believe did not come to diers, fourteen strong, in command of Sergeant his knowledge until after the Modocs had fled from the Beard, were brought down from Fort Klamath reservation. All subsequent attempts to induce them to Linkville. Here they were ordered to remain to return have failed. while the party under Meacham went to the Mo- In the summer of last year, and in consequence doc camp. *of complaints against these Indians, the superintendent The latter party, accompanied by Silas Kil- sent cohmmissioners to confer with them, who author- gore, of Linkville, as teamster, and Chief Henry ized the M\Todocs to remain where they were until the Blowe and "Jim" Parker, Indian interpreters, superintendent could see them. This has been under- with their squaws, proceeded to the Indian camp stood as a settlement of the question until some where they met Jack's party in conference. As permanent arrangement could be made for them; and usual Captain Jack was haughty and refused to go unless they have violated some subsequent agreement, tipon the reservation. He produced letters from I do not think that the immediate application of force, white men of Yreka advising him to remain where as asked for, would be either expedient or just. They he was. It appeared as if the efforts of the should, at least, be notified that a new location has AMeacham party would prove unavailing. Such been selected for them and provision made for their was the condition when a very unexpected event wants. They should, also, be allowed a reasonable and occurred-tinexpected to both the Indians and the definite time to remove their families and fnllv warned commissioner's party. that their refusal or failure to remove to the reserva- It was after dark: the party of white men tion within the appointed time would be followed by noted a commotion in camp. Men and women such measures as may be necessary to compel them. were gesticulating wildly; the whole party was I am not surprised at the unwillingness of the Modocs thrown into the oreatest excitement. The camp to return to any point of the reservation where they was panic stricken..Some of the warriors bolted would be exposed to the hostilities and annoyances the camp; the greater portion remained a disor- they have heretofore experienced (and without ade- ganized mob. This is what had happened: The quate protection) from the Klamaths, but they have thirteen soldiers under Sergeant Beard, who had expressed a desire to be established upon Lost river, been left at Linkville, had immediately upon the where they would be free from this trouble, and the departure of Mr. Meacham's party, proceeded to superintendent informed me last summer that he would fill up on Linkville liquor. Before night they endeavor to secure such a location for them. were in a condition to imagine that all sorts of In no other respects are the Modocs entitled to much tragedies were being enacted at the Modoc camp, consideration, and although many of the complaints in which the 1\Ieacham part! was being massa- against them have been found to be greatly exaggerated, cred and greatly in need of assistance. With they are, without being absolutely hostile, sufficiently Sergeant Beard to imagine was to act. With troublesome to keep op a constant feeling of ap- his thirteen followers he set out on a lope for the prehension among the settlers. Indian country. It was (lark when they gained the camp and surprised the Modocs and the com- As stated in General Canby's report the Mo- missioner's party. Throwing his command into docs were taken upon the reservation where they a line of skirmishers Beard advanced. The In- remained only a short period when they again dians, not being able to distinguish the num- left and went to their chosen home on Lost river. ber of soldiers, and imagining that they were It was in January, 1870, when Superintendent confronted by the advance guard of an army, be- A. B. Meacham succeeded in removing them to came panic-stricken and utterly demoralized. - - - - ____ - I- - - --- __- --
'944 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON.
Having been unable to accomplish anything Hon. A. B. Meacham, before, Superintendent Meachain decided to take Superintendent of Indian Affairs: advantage of the unexpected arrival of the sol- General Canby, diers and the excitement of the Indians. Agent Commanding Department of the Columbia Knapp assumed charge of the fourteen men, and We, the undersigned, citizens of Lost and Link so disposed them as to surround the camp. Then, rivers, Klamath and Tule lake country, after suffering with some of the warriors, the woomen and chil- years of annoyance from the presence of the Modoc dren, he proceeded to Link river where they went Indians, who, through the delay of the Indian and into camp. Captain Jack, with seventeen men, Military departments, have not been removed to the had escaped and gone to his stronghold in the reservation as required by the treaty stipulations of irva beds, a thing which he did subsequently; but i864, entered into by the authorized agents of the -when the women and children were not in cus- government and the chiefs of the Modoc Indians, by tadv. as we shall show later, Captain Jack and his which all their lands were ceded to the United States following of seventeen not wishing to desert the except those embraced in the reservation, as stipulated Vomcril, soon came in to Linkville and gave them- in said treaty; but notwithstanding all the conditions selvcs tip. His whole band was removed to the of said treaty have been faithfully performed on the Klamath reservation peaceably. Here they re- part of the government, it is a well known fact that mained only a short time, soon taking up their a factious band of the Modocs of about 300 who were residence oni Lost river. parties to that treaty have, through the influence of During the closing days of I871 and the be- citizens of an adjoining state, who have been engaged ginning of I872 the Mlodocs became arrogant and in an illicit traffic with them, instigated to set the numerous complaints were made of depreda- authority of the government at defiance, and to utterly tions upon the Klamath county settlers. Among refuse compliance with their treaty stipulations, by others molested was J. MN.True, who resided not going on the reservation; and since there is no on Lost river. The Indians knocked down the longer any conflict between the Indian and military fence surrounding his haystack and turned in department, such as prevented Stib-Agent Applegate their cayuses to his winter feed. They also from bringing these Indians on the reservation, we carried off some of the hav to their own tepees. therefore make this earnest appeal to you for relief, This they did on several occasions. Other set- knowing that you have the cavalry force we petitioned tlers were, also, annoyed by Indian thievery. Sev- to be sent to Fort Klamath two years ago for this eral household utensils were stolen friomn Mr. specific purpose at your command. Doten and some halters from Mr. Whitney. From We ask you to use for the purpose for which it Mr. True the MXodocs demanded money. Captain was procured, that the departments, both civil and Jack threatened the lives of several white men, military, have not been kept ignorant of the fact that among others Messrs. Ball and Blair who lived we have been repeatedly on the verge of a desolating near Lost river. These facts were sworn to in Indian war with this band of outlaws, who, by your an affidavit made bvy _ir. True, January 3, delay to enforce the treaty, have been led to despise 1872. rather than to respect the authority of the goverinment. Conditions had become serious. The Indians Their long continued success in defying its authorities grew daily more and more arrogant and over- has emboldened them in their defiant and hostile bear- bearing in their behavior. Their threats to kill ing until further forbearance on our part would cease and burn, together with their numerous depreda- to be a virtue; that in many instances our families have tions, alarmed the settlers of the Klamath coun- become alarmed at their threats to kill and burn, until try. Iany sent their families west of the Cas- we were compelled to remove them for safety across cade mountains for safety. Those who did not the Cascade mountains, thereby suffering great loss of very shortly regretted it. Aplparently the gov- time and property. That the agent at Klamath and ernment was making no effort to better the con- commissary at Yainix, during this long delay grow- dition of the settlers, and this led to a strong ing out of this utnfortunate conflict of departments, petition signed by fourty-four residents, which have done all they could to prevent a war, and bring was forwarded to the military authorities and to about an amicable adjtitment of our troubles we have the department of Indian affairs, asking that no reason to doubt; but we ask now, since no such con- steps be at once taken to remove the Modocs to flict exists, shall a petty Indian chief, with twenty des- the reservation. Following is the petition of the peradoes and a squalid band of three hundred miser- citizens of the Klamath country to A. B. Meach- able savages any longer set at defiance the strong arm am, superintendent of Indian affairs, and Gen- of the government, driving our citizens from their eral Canby, commanding the department of the homes, threatening their lives, and destroying their Columbia, presented in January, 1872: property ? i i
Lake Ewaucan i i I
I
i i
Ii Ii
i
j
I
Lost River. Klamath's Historic Stream
I - . -.. -- - a - -"-- -... 11 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 9345
Iil1CIr removal t(o the rese rvatIion iU t11e N\ixinr Sc.a- fuling to themi Semi the ieitiilinirlg rcseriatiotis .1d1 5oil inll be ealIlyv 'cconili l)c'd bylaii Oll ;IC(1a81tC tflv heitig concenitrate(d ii a li,. they aiCtiIllY hold with them and their countri and will not reqtitre more the settlements on Lost atid Littln rivers at their merec-, force than can he fuiriishcd from Fort Klamath WNc and beiiig perfectlv a\\arc of tie fact. they tic it ti recommenid Com A (I ) I) Applegate. of )tamixi to their owvti advanitage. the consi dcration of tlie department as a su1talel anC1 to take clarge of any force or expedition to their re- But at last the lllihitar\ atuthorities took action moval Ilis long connection with the Indian Depart- for the protection of the settlers. February 16, ment. arid thoroutgh knowledge of them and their coun- 1872, orders werc isstte(l froil the hea(lquarters try, an( all facts connected with the whole Modoc ques- of the Department of tile (olutiniai, at lPortland, tior, and as a stock raiser equally interested wvith iu- ii to the cotllilan(lillg ofticcr of tile district of the their removal. point him out to us as the right nian in lakeC, at Camlip \\ artier. to estalblish a force of the right placc, in charge of this much needed expeditio n fifty or sixty cavalr Inell at sonie point il the for the removal of the band of Modocs to their reserva- threattened co1ntry 1ithia -iewv of giving protcc- tion, for which we. yotLr petitioners, will ever pray. tion to the settleri. Ihese troops were to be Signed lv I. -N. Shook, Samuel Colver, James If taken ill nearly e(ltqal propI ortiolls from Fort IKla- Calahan. Sinpsoti Wilson, Thomas WVtlson, Franik Hctf- Illathi a1d t1Canmp \arniler, a111d Y' 946 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. thoritv as chief of the Alodocs the government back, this advice from Yreka was each time en- did not recognize, had taken a small part of the countered, and it balked the efforts of the su- tribe anti, in defiance of the treat), was assuming perintendent of Indian affairs in the accomplish- control, and ownership of a country in which ment of his mission. Practically this advice from he had no right to live. With this cut-throat Yreka to Captain Jack was: "We are your element of the M\Iodocs he wvanted a reservation friends and will stay by you. The Oregon of- in the heart of a country which was settled by ficers have no authority over you. Stay where vxbites with no protection a-ainst the lawless you are on your Lost river lands and we will deeds of the Indians. Ilad a reservation been see that vou are not removed, but that your granted them on Lost river con(litions would have homes shall be there forever." remained the same as we find at this date, and These statements are not from hearsay evi- the settlers would have lived in constant fear of dence, but are matle from letters which were attack and wvouild have been obliged to suffer from turile(l over by Captain Jack wheii efforts were their thievery and threats. Aside from these matle to remove him. This advice did not come conditions the effect on other Indians would have from irresponsible parties, but from men of high i)roved unfavorable. Theey would have seen that standing at Yreka. However, there can be only *a treaty was not to be considered binding and one explanation for such advice-selfishness. Had that when they desired to repudiate it and se- the Mlodocs been removed to the reservation cure a new location, all they would have to (1o Yreka would have been deprived of a profitable would be to leave; intimidate all the settlers in trade with the h)and(. These Yreka men knew of the country to which they moved; commit a few the treaty of i864 and that the A1odoc Indians de)predations and the government, fearful of an had no legal or moral right to the lands on Lost outbreak, would readily grant them all they river. asked. So when attempts were made to remove Cap- W;\Te desire to state here positively that the plan tain Jack's band the commissioner was met by a of granting a new reservation to the Modocs was haughty chief. "My white friends tell me to stay an impossibility. In our opinion if any error was here," argued Jack. "You of Oregon have no committed bv the anti orities d(tring and preced- authority over me. I shall never go to the rescr- ing, the Mlodoc war, it was not in refusing to vatio."' Without this advice and promised sup- -rant the reservation on Lost river. port from Yreka these Indialns would have been We have previously stated that the cause of placed on the reservation with very little diffi- the Alodoc war was the refusal of these Indians cult- and( the Modoc war would have been to live upilo the Kilamath reservation, coupled averted. with the attelil)t of military authorities to remove Along the same lines was the part taken by them. To everyone that fact was patent. Put the large stockmen just over the line in Cali- the MIodoc war would never have broken out had fornia. It is the history of the west that stock- there not been another cause-a cause which it men have always discouraged settlement bv farm- is necessary to detail in order that a faithful his- ers, and these large stockoxvners of Northern torv inav be presented. This was the relation California, who ranged their cattle tip into the existing between the Modocs and certain resi- present Klamath countr\y, did not wish to see the dents of California, notably those of Yreka. For country settled. Their influence was thrown to many years while the Moodocs were living on the the side of the Indians in their contentions for lands of Lost river all their trade and business their old lands on Lost river. elations had been with the people of that Cali- This California influence was apparent fornia town. Many of the Modoc squaws had throtighout the war and the several propositions become wives of white men of Yreka. The in- to grant the i\odocs a reservation on Lost river ,dians were treated fairly by Yreka people, and -erc considere(l by the Washing-ton authorities -through long intercourse had come to look upon eriginate(l in Yreka, California. That this re- them as friends and advisors. -reliable stand taken by Yreka parties resulted Such were the actual conditions when the il a prolongation of the war, as well as beinm M\1odocs became dissatisfied with their treatv ob- the actual cause of it, is apparent. Throughl it, ligations and refuse(l to live on Klamath reser- anii the first reports of the war sent out to the vation. iIad it not been for the advice of their Nvorld from Yreka, a diecidledll wyro idea was Yreka friends they- wouold have been easilv per- conveyed. These reports wer- wired iTVp(lap1v satlalel to (lo so, (hid there aroildd /h7cv bcc;' 110 w-ho were interested in retaining the trade of the lodoc TWar. Mfodlocs and were all prepared from the Indian At the several timies wshen attemlpts were made point of view. In fact, the correspond(lemts at to -et the Captain Jack band of Indians to go 1 YYreka at the outset, had no data from whiich to HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 947 write their stories except that as told by the bring no troops. N aj or Otis took with him-i Indians themselves. Because of this the reading MIajor J. N. High ; sub-Indian agent of the public did (and were justified in doing so) believe Klamath agency, and I. D. Applegate, commnis- that the Modocs were a much abused people and sary at Yainix agency; Interpreter Donald M\lc- were fighting for a principle much the same as Kay and the four Indian scouts and proceeded our forefathers did in the War of the Revolution. to the Gap. About noon Captain Jack, with some Influence from all parts of the country wvas 35 or 40 Indians made their appearance, all brought to bear on the authorities to grant the armed. However, Jack left some of his arms Modocs a reservation on Lost river. So strong on the opposite side of the river. The council was it that this was nearly done, despite the began between Mlajor Otis, Captain Jack and better judgment of the aulthorities. No greater about 35 of his warriors. Sonic of the neighbors, mistake could have been made. settlers in the vicinity, also made their appearance. In February, 1872, Superintendent M\eacham Following is a report of the conference written sti-gcstedl to General Canbv that either Linkville 1) Edward Everett Yotnlg. the substance of or Langell's valley would be a more eligible point which was gained from an interview wvith Major for the cavalry to operate from than the other J. NT. High, wvho was at that tiie Indian agent: suggested point, Yainix. Either of these two places was only four or five hours' ride from the Jack and his warriors, who were dlivided into three Modoc camp, and with no mountains between, hands, occipied what is known aq the Tile late dis- while Yainix was some 50 or (o miles from the trict. 15 to 40 miles month and east of thle Kltimath camp and in the vicinage of a rough country. Falls. Colonel E Otis. a field officer of the United It was the opinion of Superintendent MVeacham States army, anid Major J. N lligh. the then Indian that the presence of the cavalry at either of these agent, met Ivan Applegate at the town of Linkville, places wvould have the effect of intimidating the and after consultation decided to comninincate, with hostiles and at the same time afford assurance to Captain Jack through a squaw known as "Mary." and the settlers which would not be the case were arrange for a frieidly meeting next day. the cavalry stationed at Yainix. The stuggestion The woman left Klamath Falls soon after dark on of the superintendent was put into effect; the tbis M;\a- nigpht. She rode a horse and promise(] to rc- troops camne direct to the threatened country. turn with her message from Jack at dawn the next In accordance wvith instructions from head- morning. This she did, reporting that Jack wtotld see ouarters of the Department of the Columbia, the commission that day withonit armis and( with ooly Major Elmer Otis, commanding at Camp ani equal nnuier of men. It was understood that Cap- Warner, left that point IN[arch 15. 1872, to move tain Oliver C Applegate. wlio was theii in charge of on1the tbreatened country. With him wTas a tle- tihet stb-ageiicy at Yainax, on the reservation, sliotild tachmclnt of two officers, Captain I). Perry and join them the next day and act as secretary of the comn- Second Lieutenant J. G. Kvle; Acting Assistant imission, which lhe did. With himi caime Dave hTIl, the Surgeon L. IL. Dorr: Chief Packer 'Mason Mc- Indiai, always friendly to the whiites, and one other Cov, Guide and Interpreter Donald MIcKayv twen- Inidian. These then made tip the party represeitiiig the tv-seven enlisted men and a pack train of 25 white nien and the government. which went ont on1 that mules. He proceeded first to Fort Klamath. ar- occasion to meet one of tile fiercest Indian warriors of whio n order -istory riving there MIarch 24th. On the 30th -Major ma]ke; any note Colonel F. Otis sent Guide and Interpreter Donald 'McKav, Otis, Ulnited States Armwy Major J N Highl. Govern- with four Indians, to invite the Indians to a con- ment Indian agent at the time: Captain 0. C Apple- ference ten miles from Link river, east, on Lost gate, in charge of the suo-agency at Yaiiax: Ivan river, at a place called the "Gap)." This con- Applegate, pioneer, interpreter and general] defender of ference was to be held without thle presence of the settlers: Dave Hlill, the frenadiv Klamath lnd:an troops. from the reservation April ist the command started for Link river. The party arriv-d at tie reldedvoos on time. bitt The force was augmented by a detachnment from no Indians were viil)le 'lie iieetiog place was inl an Fort Klamath as follows lieutenant Moss. Act- aibandoned dwehlinig sttiatcd in Lnot river gap, ahonti ing Assistant Suirgeon C. W. Knight. 23 enlisted teii mijiec from lere to the notlitast Fitlullv thle in- men and ten pack mules. The commaiid reached hiamis were ceen cominiig liorseback aii( folhoxving the Link river on the following day. It was met Iost river road, whtich afforded the whlites onulv a par- here by I\lcTKav an(d also by two messengers from tial view by ghinpses, tonl tite nnituihr (of liuduxlun cotild Captain Jack. Followin g a considerable "pow not be dhetermineih M\ajor High uoaiuttini that there wow" with the messengers it was learned that were 70 ill the hail, xxlithe Captain Applegatc is of the Cap-tain Jack wvould meet Major Otis at the (Ian opilliutl ticat ti ere xxcrc int iimrC tilian o. Thu ev rode to a c tolop of sinall trees in a fia:l toutd of l ost river, on1the folllowing day, April 3 d, provided lie would re I- PW_ -- ______-, 948 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. and there detailed men front their band to hold their oned mte to follow him outside. I felt sure that I horses. Later developments showed them to have been could see my finish. I went. As we passed out of the armed with Winchesters and revolvers. They left door Jack said something to Charley in their native their rides behinid with their horses, but wore their tongue, but under his breath. I want to divert here to pistols as almo did the white;. despite the former pre- say that while in the cabin and expecting that every caution. minute would be our last, I could not but observe the So soon as Captain Jack and hii; wNarriors approach- calinness and serenity of Captain Applegate, whose ed the meeting house it was obherved boy the Apple- hand never even trembled in his writing, although he gates, who understood thes;c tribees thoroughly, that knew that any scratch of the pen might have been they were hostile, and btht rudlev concealed their pre- his last. determined plan to iiiirder the entire commissioln. "Jack and I walked about ten paces from the cabin, They (lid not greet tile commission whlen they arrived when he suggested that we lie down under some small but elbowed their way into the cahin where the council underbrush. We talked there I think about an hour. I was to he held. Captain 01iner Applegate went in- was not in the best of humor, and upbraided him, charg- stantlv in among them to determine whether they bore ing that he had evidently come to a peace conference side arms. This he snoon a certaiied liv rubhilng up with his warriors instructed to murder us. He looked against them and feeling the butts of their pistols at me silently for a few minutes and then answered that through their clothing IHe quietly gave his associates ihe had come there to kill us all. He spoke fairly good to understand that Jack and his warriors were to mitr- English I began to reason with him. I asked him der all the whites anid the friendly Indians. There what he wanted; what he was holding out for. He an- seemed to be no other recourse but to proceed with the swered that he wanted for his people the Tule lake business of the peace commission, await results and district, and explained that without its grasses and fish take chances. which at best looked like certain death. At products neither their ponies nor themselves could sub- this point Major High will be introduced and allowed sist. He explained that the section in question had be- to tell his story in his own1 modest way: longed to their fathers before them; that the only way "There was only one door to the little abandoned to insure peace between them and the Klamaths was to dwelling in which wec met It was formerly occupied build a stone wall from the earth to the sky, not meaning by a pioneer named Galbraitlh. There was a little table a material one, but a legal one; one which it would be on the left of the door as one entered. On the side death for either one to cross. He grew excited and toward the door sat Colonel Otis and on the other side jabbed a stick in the ground with his right hand, re- sat Captain 0. C. Applegate. Ile was acting as sec- marking as he did it, that he would hold that country, retary for the commission, reducing all questions and meaning the Tule lake district and the lava beds or die answers to writing to be submitted to Washington. Ivan in the attempt. Applegate was the interpreter, and while Captain Jack "I tried to show him that he was taking the wrong could speak fairly good English, he preferred to speak course by deciding to murder us. I explained that I through ait interpreter on this and other similar occa- was the ag-ent of the government, and willing to treat sions I was sitting on the right of Colonel Otis and him and his people fairly; that I was not his personal nearest the door. The cabin was packed with Indians. enemy; that bloodshed would delay him in getting what They were inl aln tgly htUinor and their questions and he wanted I told him that the Applegates had always answers and general demeanor did not please Colonel been the Indians' friends when the latter were in the Otis. Finally, appearing somewhat exasperated and evi- right, and that they were the interpreter and secretary dently discouraged at the prospect of not arriving at of our commission, and that at present we could not any satisfactory tinderstanding, he gave vent to a re- present the Modocs' claim, etc., at Washington with- mark expressing his feelings, and at the same time out the assistance of the Applegates. He seemed to fol- wrenched his belt around, iringing his revolver to the low me closely, and hope began to revive for myself and front and within easy reach All the commissioners companions. I told him that Colonel Otis had never followed suit. Scar Face Charley, Jack's chief lieuten- done him a wrong, but was a field officer of the United ant, was standing near me and a little in front. He States Army, and if Jack's band killed Otis the army looked down at me, and, observing my revolver's hilt, would send enough soldiers out to surely kill Jack and asked with a sneer what I thought I was going to do his people. I promised that if he would give us time with that. I answered that they had come to kill us. but the matter would be submitted to Washington and he that some of them would die as well I told him that would be heard. I would get him the first one. "Finally he fixed his piercing eye on me and looe Captain Jack had been sitting across the room at me with an expression of disappointment and anger against the wall and his keen eve and ear had seen and which I shall never forget, and then slowly said: heard what had passed between Scar Face Charley and "'I came here to-day to kill you all, but you have myself. lHe came swiftly to us and asked us what we changed my mind for the present. You and your were quarreling about, but before I could reply beck- friends may go this time, but I'll be if I don't f, HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 949 kill the next peace commissioners who come near me. dlictory elements of character possessed by the unfor- I'm tired of this talk, talk, all time talk.' tinate Jack. He had merely given me ]Its word that I "I thanked him and suggested at once that he go should not stiffer wtile pasrmig ttronttglt Ins alleged ter- into the cabin and so inform his warriors, to which he ritory or that occiip.ed liy his- ittei, and yet lie had sent replied: otte of lik ituet to shadow me all the way and protect "X'When we left the cabin I said to Scar Face. you me from his own men Yet about seven months later not kill until I come back; so your people are safe' Jack and his men killed General Canhy and Rev. Mr. "I then understood what he had mnttered to his Thomas of the next peace commission. Jack paid for lieutenant as we passed out of the door. Our commis- his perfidy on the gallows at Iort Klaniatlt, October 3, sion returned all safe, but Jack kept his oath and Gen- 1873." eral Canrby and Rev. Mr. Thomas of the next commis- cion were murdered and A. B. MIeachamn would have With all due respect for \Iajor High, and been had not a friendly squaw now on the reservation with our knowledge of his services at the con- and known as Toby Riddle, ran in and cried out that ference, and his intention of giving an accurate the soldiers were coming. As it was Meacham was account of the event. there are a few corrections scalped, but the scalp was left dangling in the rush for which the author deems necessary to make. This safety. is in order that the report of the peace commis- "I asked Jack on that occasion if I could take my sion may stand as uniitipeacltahle history. Our wife and mother, who were sick, from Klamath Falls authority for these corrections is from a source to Red Bluffs, California, where I would reach the rail- that cannot be disregar(l ed. road. His warriors infested the mountains interven- Major High has placed the number of Indians ing, and plains, and life was not safe. He told me that present at 70: there were. probably, not to ex- he would guarantee that I could make the trip uinmo- ceed one-half of that number. We, also, believe lested. I agreed to get ready and start on a certain that Major High has considerably overestimated day, which I did. Sikes Warden drove the ambulance, I the danger to the party who cotiposed the com- and George Barge drove the wagon for its We trav- mission. While sutbseq'1uent events fairly proved eled the first day and camped the first night and saw i1o that Captain Jack an(l his associates were cold- Indians. The second night about one o'clock, I was blooded cut-tliroats, capable of the basest treach- sitting at my right front wagon wheel smoking My ery: while those present realized fully the char- wife and mother were sound asleep I looked to Iml acter of the savages with whiona thev were deal- right, and there. not three feet from my side stood an, tig while there wa- more or less danger, as there Indian warrior, tall, straight and silent as a post M} lI invariably was when in contact with this, the hair seemed to push my cap off my head. I swallowed worst element of the Miodoc tribe, the fears that my heart back a time or two, and then exclaimed were entertained bv Major High were not mani- "'What do you want here?' to which came the an- fested bv the other members of the party. We swer in English: 'Nothing.' believe that there was no more than the ordinary "I then asked. 'where are you going?' He an- danger attached to the meeting. swered, 'Nowhere' The fact that Captain Tack provided a guard "I then ventured, 'Did you come here to fight?' for the family of xlajor High in their trip out of At this he broke into a real, hearty langlh, a wild latigh the country is, certainily worthy of consideration, which rang out on the night air almost like an echo and was so regarded by himself. It was an ex- from hell. Between his fits of laugltter he finally ejacti- ception to jack's general conduct. We have lated: 'If I had come to fight yon sxoul d, not now be talked with a number of veterans of the MIodoc here to talk.' War. Some of them had had personal acquaint- "This reassured me completely I realized in- ance with Captain Jack and members of his corn- stantly that what he said was abholtttely trite He tlieit pany. Their testimony is almost unanimous that motioned me to a log a few feet away, and after as- Jack was a savage of savages: a red man who was suring me again of his friendly mission, said 'Cap- not noble: a man with no decencv of character tain Jack tell me watch vou three days an(t two itghts. ,nd without hoior : one who possessed none of Any Indian make ready to kill you I say to themn Cap- the traits with which lie was accredited bv a few tain Jack say no. I near vou all day yesterday, all people, most of yltom, however, lived east of night last ingtltt all day todlav anitd inght. Toninor,(oW the Appalachian ranlte of motlntains. I be near you all day. Tomorrow night I leave Von We present here the official report of the con- You theit be near Red Bluff' ference as made b1 MTaior Otis to the Assistant "So saving lie vanisted into the darkntss aid I \jliutant General of thie Department of the never saw him more. Again alone iii the forcst, stir- Columbia: by rointded blood-thirsty savages known to be ott the On the 3d1 of April tS72. Major Elmer Otis, First warpatlh, I sat and thoiigltt ovLr the stratige, cotitra- Cavalry, held a tall] xtili Captaiin Jack, chief of the - " I 7 950 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. AModoc Indials, at the (Gap' onI Lost river, Oregon. the evidelsce addtuced from the testimoliv of Mr. High, stib-agenit of tile Klamath agency. and Ai r MAlessrs. Poe, Bull, G. S. Miller, Charles Monroe, Applegate, coninissary at I ainax station, and abont , George _Nurse, Drury Davis, Joseph Seeds, Mitd- men of the Mlodoc tribe being present. son, Applegate, Forcythe and Trip, residetits of Major Otis informed Captain Jack that settlcrs the Klatnath country. complainl that his band frighten women and childrein (On the other hand two settlers, Henry M\iller, at their homes during the absence of the men, by going later killed bv the Indianls, and MIr. tall, xvho re- abont armed anid demanding food: that the l\Iodoc, resided respectively ten and six miles from have stolen cattle, and hay for their ponies and turnrcd the Dul\odoc camp, stated that they had not been their animials in to graze, or have tramped down the I molested, and (lid not believe that the M1 odocs grass in hav fields while in the ptirsiit of game; that had committed any of the crimes of wvhich thev the-e acts charged as committud dnriiig the past winis r. were accused. Both were friendly to Captain and still continned. Jack and accompaniedl that chief to the confer- Captain Jack was warnred that hie mni>t restraii n r ence with MAfajor Otis. punish bss men, or the whites wvonild (lo it. lIe was re- The intentions of the usilitary autshorities at minthed that the country in which lie lived did not be- tise time troops were sent to the Modoc cotuntrv long to Ihis tribe, having becin cedied by the Klamath are ShOwis by the folloWillg extract from a letter tribe, which the INlodcs signed , that his band were by eieneral Caisbv dated April 17, 1872: only suffered to remailn where t hey are tintil the presi- detit can determine the prolpricit of giving theni a I propose to Isold the Xlodocs under quiet super- stuitable portiout of land to live on apart from the Kla- visiios for tIle present, bvy kcepitig a detachmenit of cav- maths, and he was warned that lie must control Is. alry at this point, selected lby Major Otis for the pttr- mien th oro ugh ly ati prvi sent thuir ftiltuher molest s'g pose exercicx hig a saltitatry restratint tupots the Indians the settlers atid that troops o oil d. for the preseit. 1). and preventinig any collisiot between them and the set- kept in the nsighlborhlood to securc their qttiet atid good tiers. The temper of botil parties is sticls that a verxv orsler. slight cause may give rise to serious consequeence. I[ajor Otis deisiaisledl of Captain Jack that lie keep his Indiatis tapart front the cettIers, except when Nothing havinlg beets accoisplislsed by M\Iajor they delired to wvorl: that Miclieu i liced of food thiey )tis' attentpts to bring about a peaceable removal shoutld go to Camip \N.lrtiler for sictppi es. 1iit sinder 1i) of the Mlodocs in April, consditiotus remained circttt tauices go a risscsd an tipg the scttlers to deist in about the saise as forinerlv dturing tlse suttmner food or steal it. of 1872. Tile Washington authorities were wrest- Captains Jack at fir~t denied these charges. anid ling witll the qttestion of what to (1o witll the tlroutighotit the talk evaded, as far as poslisle, dlir c. Mlodoc Indiatls. At last the proposed plan of aniswers to specilic charges agastist his basid. He eil- givillg thetlm a new reservation was discardetl anld deavored to convey t(e impression tbat if these thefts iln the latter part of Novenllber, I872, F'. B'. Ode- lhii d hvnCIi comm 'itted at ill, t hey were thse acts of the neal, superitltetident of Insdian affairs for Oregon, Klatusatlis (to which tribe the IMlodocs are hostile) ( r having replaced Mr. IMeachanl, received instruc- of other Tndiais, anrd that his owin disposition, and that tions froni tlse Comm111issionier of Indian affairs of his tribe, was frietsdly. at \V ashingtoni to remove the Ahlodocs to Camp Yainax of the IKlamath reservation, "peaceably When MIajor Otis arrived in Linkville wvith if vyon possibly can, but forcibly if von must.;' his troops early in April. 1872, at the time of The superinteisdent went at once to Link river to the conference with Captain Jack, lbe interviewved arrange for a conference withj the Indian chiefs. many of the settlers there and in the vicinitv in Tlhe band wlhich werev defying the autlsorities regard to the conditions. The evidence was al- Iltibered aboutt eightv warriors all well armed. most usnanimiious. They asserted that inl i8;o Mfr. Odeneal sent I. ID. Applegate to the canmp of and I871 thev, the settlers, were either located the Mlodocs to arrailge for a conference to be ileld or seeking suitable sites for rancites in the Tost at inlk river. Mir. Applegate returned bearing river counitry, or in the nteighlhorhood of TYule a hatuglstv answer from the Modocs. Thev defi- lake that aftcr leaving the Klamath reservation antlv declined to meet the superintendent. They in T8-o, tlte MIo(locs claimed the entire countitrv in authorized Mr. Applegate to say that they did not that vicinity, anl deman tied cotpenisation for desire to see or talk wvith Mlr. Odeneal, anlt that raniclilig, or for bay cutt that they stole, coIll- they wotul not go upon the Kllamath reservation. mittC(e duepretlatios!S, aSstsnsle(l a Itostile attituttl In a commtnication to IAlajor Jolin Green, andt ex\cited such fears for the safetv of thleir colimnai(ling the forces at Fort Klamllath, ulated propert.v maii ini a fe\ ca~es fir life, so as to drive November 27. the superiutendent in accorciance theisl (the settlers) fu il'l thecontry. Stsch was I vwith his instructioiss from the cosnisiissiolner of HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 95 r, Indian affairs. called upon the imilitary aUthori- fort and subsistence, and where, by treaty, they agreed tics to force the Alodocs to go to Camp Yainax to live. Talk kindly but firmly to them, and whatever on the IKlamath reservation. The matter of corn- else you may do, I desire to urge that if there is any pelling the Aodocs to go to the reservation was fighting let the Indians be the aggressors. Fire no gun on this date transferred from the department of except in self-defensce after they have first fired upon Indian affairs to the military. The hostile In- you I D. Applegate will accompany you as my repre- dians at this tine wvere encamped near the month sentative; he will also act as guide and interpreter.' of l ost river. Just previous to the commlience- During that dark, rainy night we made onr way nient of hostilities they were in three bands, as from Linkvulle dc wn the Klamath valley towards the follows stone bridge on Lost river, where Captain Jack was Captain Jack, vith several warriors and their encamped on tle west side of the river. Ahout a third families, about three miles from the month of Lost of his forces und-r Hooka Jim and the CUrlev-Tlcaded river, on the west side. doctor and some other of his trusty licutenants were' 1-looka Jim, a petty chief, with his band, oc- encamped on the east side of the river near the Dennis cupied the shore of TYule lake, east of the mouth Crowley cabin. of Lost river, in Oregon. \\Te found it very difficult in the darkness to make The Hot Creek hand were camped on the our way through the heavy sage brtish, for we had to south side of Little Klamath lake, in California, leave the road in order to avoid being discovered by some twenty-five miles from Captain Jack's ban(d the wily Indians who doubtless were observilg its in a soutihwesterlv direction. closely ais possible every movement We followed along November 28th order 93 was issued from the foot of the chain of hills west from Lost river and Fort Klamath signed bv F. A. Boutelle. adjutant, at daybreak we were about one mile vest of the _Modoc bv order of Major Green. This was for Captain camp, which was at that point on the river bank where James Jackson, First U. S. Cavalry, with all the Dan Colwell's residence now stands. available men of his troop to proceed at once via The company was formed into two platoons and Link river, to Captain Jack's camp, endeavoring we rode directly through the village and halted upon to reach there before the folloxving norning. If I the river bank, facing the encampmlent As we came any opposition \vas offered on the part of the near the river Sear Face Charley, wxho had crossed just Modocs to the requirements of the superinteni- before we came up, fired at us from the other side delet of Indian affairs, Captain Jackson was or- of the river, shouting at the saute tme to arouse the dered, if possible, to arrest Captain Jack, Black icsping Indians. In a moinuient there was great ex- Jim an(l Scar Face Charley. His orders were to citement and comn+ciion As sooni as the men xxere accomplish the desires of the superintendent with- dismotinted and advanced in line, standing at order out bloodshed, if possible, but if the Indians re- arms in front of the horses, I was directed to eiter fused to obcv the orders of the government he the camp to see Captain Jack and inform him of our was ordered to use suich force as should be neecs- friendly mission aitl assure hli that no harm was sary to compel themi to (to so: "and the respon- intended htut that lie woullibe required to remove with sihilitv must rest on the Indians xvho defv the his people to the reservation Going from camp to authorlity of the goverimtent.1' camp T sia> not able to find Captain Jaek. As I came L aptain Jackson left Fort Klamath at nine out of one of the hinls I saw Scar Face coming up the o'clock on the mornin'g of the 28th and at once river bank. As lie passed Major Jackson. who wuas proceeded to the camp of the i\lodocs. Then en- still mounted, the major ordered him to halt, at the suied the first battle of the \Modoc War. Follo\v- same time drawing his revolver. 'l'o this Sear Face ing is a graphic report of the same, and the events paid nio attentioni. but came on into the village, all the leading up to it as related by Ivan Applegate: time haraiiguing his people and demanding that they fight to the death; telling them that if they would be At noon on the 28th day of Novemhuer. 1872. Cap- quick enough they coutl kill every soldier without tile tain Jackson with 35 men of Company B, First United loss of a man i Vith atil oa th lie rudiled past me antI States Cavalry, left Fort Klamath and arrived at the went into Bogtis Charley's tout, ainid in a tout cc t htot pioneer town of Linkville at a little after dark. Here Scar Face and Bogus appeared with their gpuis drawn he met Superintendent Odeneal and received instrtict- and called to the women atidliii cuiicit to throw them- ions as follows: selves flat oin the groundi Then I knew that they "When you arrive at the camp of the -Modocs, re- were going to fire upon us I ctimecliately started quest an interview with their head men and toward otir men, saitig, "'Major, they are going to say to them that you did not come to fight fire." At titi> the major ordered Lieutetaiit locutolle, or to harmn them, but to have them go peacca- wheo stood iii ailvatire of the oive. to take four menCand bly to Camp Yainiax on Klamath reservation. arrest the two litdnis wvho hald guns in their haids. where ample provisions have been made for their coin- A lPouticlc Iceptpedl fo%a rdl ' iit tile four tumei the . --- __ -1. 952 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. two In(lians fired. The warriors in the camps and in at the time both he and Scar Face were reported killed, the heavy sage brush in the rear (if the village, fired even by the prisoners. We had lost Sergeant Harris, almost simultAieously. Then all was din and corn- killed, and as nearly as I can remember, six men motion; melln were falling in the line; the riderless horses were mortally wounded, and several others painfully were dashing here and there and kicking among tis, though not dangerously hurt. Among the Indians but instantly came the order from the brave major, killed were Watchman and We-sing-ko-pos, leading "fire '' TIhe attack iXas ,o sunddcni aidld(ldeperate, the warriors, and Black Jim, Long Jim and Miller's Modocs rushing on to uts with demoniac yells, that the Charley were among the wounded. The loss on our men were forced back a step or two, and is seemed for side amounted to nearly a third of the military force a moment that the thinned line would yield and break. then in the field and was quite sufficientt to disable Put immediately came the order, "forward I" and it Captain Jackson's small force for the time being. Was like an inspiration. The men sprang forward under After the fight Captain Jackson sent his wounded the leadership of the brave Boutelle, delivering a across the river in a canoe, Dave Hill being the oars- deadly fire, and the Indians were forced back. Scar man; Surgeon McElderry and a few more as a guard Face's first shot struck Bontelle's revolver, disabling were also taken over and the men were conveyed to the it, and cutting through the sleeve of his blouse, passed Crowley cabin. The remaining troopers mounted their through the clothing on his right shoulder. Scar Face jaded horses and, as there was no ford in the vicinity, was knocked down by a bullet which cut through the hastily rode up toward the Stukel ford, seven miles handkerchief he had tied around his head, and Watch- distant. Before . arriving at the ford word reached man, Captain Jack's most daring lieutenant, fell, riddled them that Jack and his infuriated men had renewed the with bullets almost at our feet. Boutelle's calmness fight. Looking toward Tule lake great volumes of saved us. Speaking to his men coolly an(l confidently, smtoke could be seen arising from burning buildings. he led the charge into and through the village, driv- Dashing through the rapid, the poor horses seemed to ing the Indiauis ott, advancing his skirmih line far realize the awful situation as they put renewed effort beyond the heavy sage brush. down the river with utmost speed on the east side and 0 C. Applegate, who was to take charge of Cap- soon the cavalry rode on to the ground where the tain Jack's bandl in case they cameic onto the reserva- citizens and Hooka's men had so lately fought, but tion, rode from his station at Yainlax on November the wily savage was wreaking vengeance on the in- 28th, reaching Linkville (Klamath Fall>) late in the offensive settlers beyond the ridge, on the plains at evening. Superintendent Odeneal informed him of the the head of Tule lake. movement on foot and requesting hima to be prenuit The butchering and devastation on TaIle lake had to assist in securing, if possible, a peaceable removal already begun, and eighteen settlers were added that of the Modocs. With the Klantalli scout, Dave H ill, day to the long list of Modoc victims. The Modoc and five trusty citizens, he forded Lost river near the War was fairly inaugurated. A war, short, terrible Lone Pine that night and reached the Crowley cabi, and dramatic, but the unwritten history of which would near Ilooka Jim's camp. about daylight on the mori]- fill volumes. From the beginning until the 3d of ing of the 29th, finding there Me-senger Brown of the October, 1873, when the curtain fell upon the last scene Indian Department, Dennis Crowley, Danl Colwell and of the tragic drama, the execution of Captain Jack, a few other citizens. 'When daylight revealed the Black Jim, Schonchin John and Boston Charley for presence of the cavalry in Captain Jacks camp, tooka's the peace commission massacre, it abounded in thrill- men made a rush for their canoes, evidently to re- mg incidents anut startling adventures. enforce Captain Jack, but were prevented by the citi- zens. The object of the authorities was explanicd It is here proper to add to the above two offic- to the Indians and a few of them were in the act of ial reports made by Captain Jackson concerning giving ill their arms when the firing beglan at Captain this opening battle of the Alodoc War, November Jack's camp Instantly the i\todocs fired on the citi- 29, 1872. Althonigh each report covers certain zens and a fierce fight at close range took place, so features of the same event, the two should be that looking acros the river during the fight with read together in order to properly understand the Captain Jack, we could see another battle going oil circumstances from Captain Jackson's view point: almost opposite to tus Two citizens, Jack Thurber and William Nt\,is NXcrc killed lnd Toe Penining \vas Crowley's Ranch, Lost River, Oregoln, Novemher maiuetl for life, aind the Indians securino their horses, 30, 1872- Major-I have the honor to report that I which wescr near at hand, escaped to the long. rocky jumped the camp of Captain Jack's Mlodoc Indians ridge cast of wlhere the Frank Adams farm is now yesterday morning soon after daylight, completely located; while the citizens rallied at the Crowley - surprising them. cabin. I demanded their surrender and disarming, antd Captain Jack, with most of his best and most asked for a parley with Captain Jack. Captain Jack, desperate men, had malde good his escape. although at Scar Face Charley, Black Jim and some others would HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 953 neither lay clown their arms nor surrender, and some severlch Private Kershaw; Private Gallagher, of them commenced making hostile demonstrations severely. against us, and finally opened fire. I iinniediately pour- In haste, I am respectfully, your obedient servant, ed volley after volley among the hostile Indians, took JAMES JACKSON, their camp, killed eight or nine warriors and drove the Captain First Cavalry, rest into the hills. During the engagement I had one Commanding B Troop. man killed and seven wounded, three of the last severe- Major John Green, ly and, perhaps, dangerously. First Cavalry. The band that I attacked was on the south side of Later and fuller report of the battle by Cap- the river; another smaller band on the north side was tain Jackson; also an account of the massacre of attacked by a party of ten or twelve citizens, and their settlers and the names of the victims: surrender demanded; but when the firing commenced in Captain Jack's camp, these Indians opened on the Camp at Crowley's ranch, Lost River, Oregon, citizens, and drove them to the refuge of Crowley's December 2, IS72: ranch. One. citizen was killed during this fight, and Major-I sent you two days ago a hasty report of two others coming tup the road, unsucpicious of any operations in the field I now have the honor to sub- trouble, were shot; one (Mr Nus) mortally wounded, mit a detailed report of my operations since I left Fort and the other Joe Penning, badly. My force was too Klamath, Oregon. weak to pursue and capture the Indians that made off, In compliance with your orders No. 99! of Novem- owing to the necessity of taking immediate care of my ber 28th, I moved from Fort Klamath, Oregon, at XI wounded, and protecting the few citizens who had a. mn, with Lieutenant Boutelle, Dr. McElderry, 36 collected at Crowley's ranch. The Indians were all mnen of B troop in column and four with the pack train. around us, and apprehensive of a rear attack, I des- Guided by Mr. Ivan Applegate we marched all day and troyed Captain Jack's camp. and crossed to the other night through a heavy rainstorm, and arrived at the side of the river by the ford, a march of fifteen miles, principal camp of the Modoc Indians about daylight. taking post at Crowley's ranch, where I now am. I Forming line I moved down on the camp at a trot, need re-enforcements and orders as to future course. completely surprising the Indians, and creating great There are a number of citizens and families in this commotion among them. Halting just at the edge valley and it will be necessary to look after them and of the camp, I called upon them to lay down their protect them if they are not already killed Most of arms and surrender. I also got Mr. Applegate to in- the Indians have retired to their caves south of Tule terpret to them my intentions and ask them to comply lake, but I imagine they will soon be out in war parties. with the orders of the Indian department. Some of From the best information I can secure. Captain Jack, them seemed willing to do so, but Scar Face Charley, Scar Face Charley and Black Jim are killed or mor- Black Jim and some others kept their guns and com- tally wounded. menced making hostile demonstrations against us. The troop behaved gallantly and deserves every After repeated demands on them to lay down their praise. The fight was at close quarters. and very arms and surrender had been unheeded, and seeing severe for thirty minutes The citizens engaged did that the hostile Indians were getting more numerous I good service. I learn, and deserve much credit; but for and determined, I directed Lieutenant Boutelle to take them we x onuld have had a fire in the rear that would some men from the line and arrest the leaders if I have been very dc tiructive TIhe Indians, or their lead- possible. This order was followed by firing on the part crc. were detcrniined oii a fight at all hazards, and got of the Indians, and a general eigagemnent immediately enough of it. I think The wordt nien among them are, ensuied I poured in volley after volley among their undoubtedly, killed, not less than i6 of theni being worst men, killing most of them, capturing the canip put out of the way. I need more men. for the valley and driving the Indians to the reftige of the brush will have to be scouted to protect its citizens. The and hills, from whence they kept Up a desultory fire troops from Warner should come over immediately for some little time. I lost during the engagement, if it is intendled to pursue these Indians Please send and almost at the first fire one man killed and seven me instructions by courier at once. Dr. McFlderry, wounded and one horse killed After driving the i this niorniiig with the wounded will give Indians out of range it became necessary to take care who goes up I vou more detailed information. of my wounded; to prevent the squaws remaining in Citizens ki l1ed: John Thlucirber. Williaam Nti; camp from killing and mutilating them. Leaving a wounI(ded Joe Penning slight skirmish line in charge of Lieutenant Bontelle, Soldiers killed: Private Harris: soldiers woutinded. T took what men could be spared and had the dead Fitrzorallitzgerald. severely Corporal Cliaidler, and wounded carried to the river bank, and fronm there Private Tottcci. Piivate Dovlc: Private Ka-slhafcr. canoed acros to Crowleyvs rancl, half a mile below. i -- -- 1__ 954 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON'. I then dismantle(i the camp. capturing Captain carried down the valley, he camne back and so re- Jack's three rifles al(1 his two sad(lles. All Indian ported. guns found in camp were broken up or thrown in the That evening, November 30, I moved to the ford river. At the same time that I moved on the main to meet the supply train and prevent its being inter- camp of the M\lodocs, a smaller camp on the north cepted by prowling bands of Indians. The pack train side of the river was attacked by the citizens, among came up at midnigllt, ainIl the next mtlorniiing. December them Mr. Oliver Applegate, Mlr. Brown, Ai\r. Jack ist, the command was moved back to Crowlev's ranch Burnett, MIr. Denris Crowlevy. Mr. C. Monroe, \Mr for station, until such time as supplies sufficientt for Thurber, MIr. Colwell and others; they, also, demanded a campaign could be collected The evening of the Tst the surrender of these Indians, which was not acceded of December two citizetis, residents of Tule lake valley, to, and when the firmig commenced on the main camp came in 8an1d reported that the men of the Poddv fam- they opened on the citizens and the citizens on them. ily had been murdered right after. or duhring the fight, One citizen (Mr. Thurber) was killed, and it is be- ,by the band of Indialls who had escaped. and that lieved several Indians were killed and wounded. The the women of the famnilv hald not been molested, but citizens after the first attack, retired to A\r. Crowley's had walked across the moltutains to Lost river bridge ranch anrd kept tup the fight at long range, preventing and were then in Linkville. Licuteilanlt Botutelle with the Indians from crossing the river and attacking my a detachlllent was cent douvil with these men tlhis flank or rear. morilg, and some of the bodies of the Boddy faniily Two citizens coming up the road, not knowing of found in the timber, quite a distance from the house, the fight, were shot, one mortally and the other dan- where they had been cutting and latuling wood. The gerously wounded. Soon after the fight Mr. Applegate, detacllilleilt was proceeding on down the valley wlei Mr. Brown, Mr. Burnett and some others left to warn they were mllet luy Air Tvan Applegate, Air. L angell citizens in other places of danger, leaving but a small and some other<, who ha1( come up the valley visitinig force at the house where my wounded had been sent, the ranches oil the north side of the lake Tllhv re- and where a family resided. Mr. Crowley rode up ported the killing of the men of the Brotherton family and asked for protection at the railec. stating that the (three), two lerders and Mr. Henry Miller. Airs. Indians were preparing for a new attack. I mounted Brotherton, with her two little boys had fought the my command and moved out at a trot for the ford, Indians away from the hotise. woun(liilg soic of them. some eight miles up the river, sending Lieutenant She, with her three children, two boys and a little Boutelle with a skirmish line to clear the Indians out girl. came up with the party of citizenis aind soldiers of the sage brush, which he did effectually. It was and are at this station. Quite a party of citizeuli have between 3 and 4 o'clock whveni the troop arrived at collected here. the rancl, where we took post to await supplies and Tomnorrow quite a large force will mnove down care for the woiliided. While movilng around to the the valley to hlunt up the remains of the murdlered in- ranch some straggling Indians collected on the other hahitailts. I send you a list of those knowni or suip- side of the river and bllnrle(l a haystack and house be- posed to have been killed: longing to Mr Monroe. After this they moved out Mr. William Boddy, Rufus Boddy, Williaml Boddy, down Tube lake for their refuge in the caves and rocks Jr., Nicholas Schira, William Brothertoln, W. K south of the lake. One batld from the north side of Brotherton, Christopher. Erasmus, Robert Alexanider, the river, who had been fighting the cil7eies, moved John Tober, - Collins, Henry Ahiller. down Oni that side of the lake ditirilg the fight, and I have Reilt a detachilleilt to Clear lake for the commenced killing the uilwariled inlhabitants of Tule protect on of Air Jesse Applegate's family, and will Lake valley. move the iifantalnr von send me into Laangells valley It was not until the next morniing after the fight, and Clear lake, the only places now threateuled. A while seul(ling the wounded away in charge of the company of Klamati TIiid1lails, 36 in luullller, comlulalde(l surgeon, that I learned that there were anly inhabitants by Captain Ferre, of Klamath Indian Agency, came in near the scene of the conflict. or that they had been un- today and will go out oni the trail of the Modocs warned of approaching-g danger I immediately sent a tomorrow to litilit them tip and keep them from raid- detachment with Air. Crowley to aqc-erta:n the conlii- inig iltil the troops can move oil their place of hiding. tion or fate of these people. Tic visited the first place I think it will be necessary to make a depot of supplies (Mr Boddy's) allolut three and onie-half miles below at this point. as bci011l this, in the direction the his (f\r. Crowlev's) ranchi and fomud the houise de- Indianls have gone. wagons call liot be moved any di;- serted, but everything in order: no sign of attack tanice al(l the troops will have to depend oil a pack or murnler: no tracks around thie li-use. a dog, tied train for supplies. to the doortep taiind animaIls in the corral Thinikinig The troops behaved splendid1vy u1111er fire, altolllou from appearanices that the family mrnct have had warn a ntullhler of the rlcii were raw recruits Dr MeC- ing anld fled, ar(d believing that tle warililug had t Go Eiderry was present oil the field (lurinlg the fight. and HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 955 I take great pleasure in commending him and Lieutenant have previously showvnlwlhen in i870, Captain Boutelle for coolness, gallantry anld effic~ent service. Jack's whole bannd, wthen taken by surprise. were I am, Major, very respectfully, your obedient removeti to the reservation without a shot being servant, fired. Aondlthat, too. with a force of onilv fotir- JAMES JACKSON, teen men, and they not in the best fighting conldi- Captain First Cavalry, tion. No doubt exists in the minds of any of Commanding B Troop. those who took part in the battle that the troops MAJ. JOHN GREEN, were badlv handled and that serious blunders First Cavalry Commanding, were made. Instead of placing his men in a posi- Fort Klamath, Oregon. tion to prevent the escape of the Indians, and then making known his errand, Captain Jackson The following are extracts from a letter writ- marched his troop right into the heart of the vil- ten by Major JohIn Green, commanding at Fort lage ad linmed thein til) on the rixer batik on foot, Klinmath, dated December 3, 1872, reporting the the horses having been left some distance oil the first battle other side of the camp. They were in an exposed, perilous position. The Indians knew it. T he It was believed that the Modocs would submit latter were in their tepees, out of sight andl pro- to go on a reservation if surprised by the troops; if tected from the fire of the soldiers by the ridges not, the leaders were to be arrested if possible, in the of earth which were alwavs banked tpl) at the base hope that the balance would surrender. of the wickitups. Although, as stated by (:aiptain The troop as expected made its march, and comI- Jackson, the troop 'fired volley after volley inato pletely surprised the Indians, and could have almost the camp of the Indians," the only damage to destroyed them had it not been fair to give them a them was the wotindiling of a squaw. This is a chance to submit xvithout tusing force. * * * I ex- matter of fact, although otherwise reported. Had pect that the cavalry troop from Calup Warner will this camp been properly approached Captain reach the field of operations by the 6th or 7th instant, Jackson shotuld have been able to remove the after which, when I bear from district headquarters, iIodocs withotut a fight. I expect to go to the field in person. If the war be Without offering anv further criticism on the prolonged (and I fear it will be) it will be necessary handling of the troops at the time of the first to have a depot of supplies at or near Tile lake for battle, it remains our opinion that had the pre- the troops operating against the Indians. * * * At cedent established two years previotislv been fol- the urgent request of citizens of Linkville, I have issued lowed, after this camp had been taken anI( the 20 muskets and ten carbines, switli ammunition, for self women and children capttire(, the _Modoc War defense. I have also issued Io carbines to the Yainax could have been ended then and there. Ar mis- agency, and ten to the Klamath agency at the re- take was certainlv mnade after the battle. It is quest of the agents. I understand from Dr. Dyar, agent an error concernlilng which very little has been for the Klamaths, that hle has sent 30 or 40 Klamath written, but one which in our opinion was respon- Indians into the MTodoc country. sible for the massacre of the settlers which fol- lowed. Captain Jackson in his reports speaks of As is almost invariably the case in move- having captured the M\odoc camp and the squaws S. ments of the military, there was considerable But he makes no mention of having later released criticism of the officers who participated in and them and permitted them to rejoin the warriors. were responsible for the initial fight with the This release of the women and children \vas re- Modocs at Lost river, on November 29, 1872. It sponsible for the horrible butchery which fol- has been utrged that the soldiers should not have lowed. Is it possible that any one acquainted utndertaken the removal of the Indians with the with the characteristics of Indians believes that small force which Nyas at Captain Jackson's com- the savages wotild have entered upon their btitch- man(l. The authorities believed tiat by appear- ery while their woninen were in the hands of the ing at the camp of the Modocs utnexpectedlvy the troops It is indisputable that none of the whites latter being taken by surprise, would at once were killed ntinil after the stinavs wvere released. yield and allow themselves to be taken peace- The holding as prisoners of war of women and ftllv to their reservation. That such was not the children mnay not favorably appeal to those who case, and that maniv lives were lost as a result arc acquainted only with civilized warfare, but is, certainl,. to be deplored. The Indians out- such a course wosuld have saved many lives. numbered the troops sent to conduct them to the Captain Jackson and his troops full>' be- reservation, and were fullv arnied. lieved that in this first fight all the leaders and I But this planl. it appears to us, is not open to the worst Indians had( been killed incltudin-g Cap- grave censure. It surely had a precedent as we tain Jack. That fact was, doubtless, the reason Pr__ - ___ - I 956 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. the commander did not take the precaution to A grave mistake was no doubt committed in at- hold the camp and women after the battle. Be- tetmpting their removal before a sufficient lieving force had that he had broken the power of the been collected to secure that result beyond outlaws, the proba- the possibility of the butchery that fol- bility of failure. * * * The questions as to lowed the time did not, apparently, enter the head of Cap- and manner of applying force rested in the discretion tain Jackson. While we can, at this late day, see of the military commander to whom it had been com- that a mistake was made, we can, also see that it mitted and, while I think that Major Green was was a natural in mistake under the conditions as error upon this point, I do not think that he or the Captain Jackson then saw them. superintendent should be judged wholly by the General result. Edward R. S. Canbv, commanding If the measures had succeeded, the conception and the the department of the Columbia, who was after- execution would, probably, have been as highly com- ward killed by the Modocs, in a report dated Jan- mended as they are now censured. uary 15, I873, said: CHAPTER IV CONTINUATION OF MODOC WAR-1872-73 The massacre of the settlers which was al- be seen and the sheep were wandering luded to at the close at will of the preceding chapter, among the sage. These heroic, but was one of the horror- most deplorable incidents of the stricken, women knew that all were killed; \Iodoc War. Subsequent that to the affray between nothing remained for them but to seek their own the command of Captain Jackson and the band of safety in flight; to hide themselves hostiles among the jun- on the west side of Lost river, under iper and mahogany, in the almost Captain Jack, trackless and, the Indians led by Hooka Jim, on to them, unknown woods. Struggling the shore of Tutle lake, onward, east of the month of Lost they knew not whither, only that they river, scattered in small felt that parties among the isolated they were going away from a sad and settlements, within a radius awful of twenty-five miles, scene, soon night settled upon them among the and massacred eighteen unoffending citizens, mountain solitudes. As they shivered amid the sacked and destroyed their residences and drove snow and strove to look off their down through fears of cattle and horses. For two days lasted burning anguish toward this hellish work the mutilated forms of of butchery and pillage. Eleven dear ones and upon (desolated citizens were homes, what tongue murdered on the 29th. and seven on could tell, what pen depict the the 30th poignancy of their of November, by Hooka Jim's savages. grief. The following letter bearing This band had not upon this been approached by thq sol- massacre, was written by General diery. John F. Ross, of the Oregon militia to Adjutant Owens, dated On the fateful 29th a few miles below the Camp Tule lake, Oregon, December I2, 1872: scene of the fight, a nmtule team was seen coming toward the Boddy residence bhut no driver held There were a nnmber of families living the reins. The down the team was secure(l uinhitched an(l east side of the lake, among them, the first below where stabled bv Airs. 1Toddy. Edith apprehensive fear the fight took place being the Boddy family. she called to her About married (lataghiter, Al\rs. Schira. three miles from the battlefield Airs. Boddy and an(l hastily her the two women started toward the married daughter, 'Mrs Schira, were at the two re- woods where the men had gone that morning to spective honises of herself an( daugghter, only about fifty their accustomed work. Thev had not gone far yards apart. They say that at Jo minutes to 12 o'clock when thev saw the Indians a short distance awav in., on that day, not knowing anything of the fight anil heard the fearsonc war-N\hoop. Sooni they in the morning just above them, the daughter came uponro the looked stripped an(l imitilated body of out and saw her husband s team rnnniilug (down the hill MIr. Schira, and soon after those of -Mr. Boddv from where himself and AFr Boddy. her father and and his elder son. The v otirig(e boy who had brother had gone after wood. IHer mother and been on the plain her- below herdli-ng sheep could not self ran out to meet the feamtnli ppo ing it had run HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 957 away and perhaps killed her hullband. When they tlers of the Klamath country, in after 'ears re- reached the team they saw blood scattered on the lated this incident of the war to the Klamath wagon and followed back on the track about half a nule, County- Star of March 24, 1893 and found where her husband, Schira, had been dragged \\hel the Indians were fighting at Tule from the road about twenty yards, where she found Lake,. he said, "I met them. Each warrior had him with his face buried in the sand, with gunshot nothing on but a suit of war paint, with a ban- wound in his cheek and through the back. They saw dana kerchief round his head and one around his about this time six Indiait> and one squaw; four of leg. They told me to go home, but I went down them they knew, Hooka Jim. Long Jim. One-Eved- to California, and while I w'as gone my friends Mose, Jerry and Hooka Jim's squaw. They rode up had mle set down for (lead. Wvhen I returned I to us (them?) and asked for the other white man, and discovered that I was alive. Mvy 12,000 sheep and then rode past them. They (the women) then went 8oo head of cattle were, also, alive. I am going on and found the son. He was shot through the chill, to live ioo years longer. Whiskey can't kill me; with several other wounds on his person. They then Indians won t kill me, and my enemies are all went on to ascertain if they could find anything of the leatl. Yes, sir. I am go-ing to live another Ico father, and saw one more Indian at some distance. years and then get on to a rosy summer cloud and but did not recognize him. The indications were that sail to glorvy" there were more in the sage bruls and juniper. as they At this point we desire to deflect the thread saw two more at a great distance off They' were of our storv long enotigh to say a word or two afraid to return to their home, and made acro~s the concerning the part taken in the Modoc War and hills for Lost river "Gap," and lay out on1 the hills tile protection afforded settlers by two men still that night after a wretched trip over the rocks and sage residing in Maniath county, Oliver C. and Ivant brush. Thev had no fire and came very near freezing Applegate. to death The next day the Indians, or a part of them. To Captain 0. C. Applegate is probably due went about three mniles below the PDoddv ranch and more credit for saving the imperiled settlements killed one Alexander. who was herding sheep, anl of the Klamath country than any other man. The William Brothertoln and two of his sons who were in darkest period ever known in the history of the hills after wood. and came on to Mr. Brotherton's Southern Oregon was (lnring the AIodoc War. house, where his wife, her two small cons and daugh- His phenomenal control of the Paiutes, Snakes ter were. Mrs. Brotherton. with Spartan bravery. anti MIodocs under his charge at Yainax sub- barred the doors and made loop holes, and with a good agencv at the beginning of the outbreak doubt- gun they had in the house kept the Tndians at bay less prevented miany, restless warriors from join- from Sattirdav noon until the following Monday be- ing the hostiles. His courage and skill as cap- fore they got ainy relief Thiq point is six miles down tain of the company of citizens and picked Indian the valley of the lake below the battle ground, at or scouts organized by him for the protection of the near what is known as 'Bloody Point " A part of my settelients and for offensive operations in the command, Company A, under Captain Kelly. has been lava beds, are well known and duly appreciated very vigilant and industrious huntinig for the dead in the Klamatll country. bodies and tile Indiari-. In fact they have been in the Ivan Applegate has been referred to as "The saddle all the time srnce they left Jacksonville Yes- pioneer defender of western homes; the noted terday a squad of men iunder command of Sergeant scout of three In(lian wars and respected citizen Snyder. found the body of one of the Boddy family, of Klaiath counitxt." During the Mlodoc War lie a young man who had been herding sheep This boy mallny times took his life in his hands in order to had his throat cut from ear to ear. besides being shot. protect the settlers. W\ith a snlall body of men The body was found about two and one-half miles hle scoured a country overrun with members of from the Indian ranch where the fight was. A portion Captain Jack's band, far from the protecting aegis of the command iunder Captain Kelly today found the of soldiery, warning those who had not yet been body of Alexander about four miles below here, shot attacked anld assisting themn to places of safety. in a number of places through the body and hands. Ilnnediatelv after the outbreak he organized a They also found today the body of Henry Miller. shot force of volunteers in TLinkville for this work. through the head and body; in fact badly shot to The small company consisted of himself, 0. A. pieces, about five miles below here near Bloody Point. Stearns, John 1tirnette, 1oseph Seeds, George Those last named men were all killed on Saturday after Fiock, Charles Monroe and Jack Wright. While the fight, probably twenty-four hours or more, having the troops were anxiously awaiting reinforce- no knowledge, of course, of the fight. but being very meents, this party proceeded down Langell's val- close to it. I have ordered the bodies to be sent to ley to Clear lake anld through the Tule lake coun- Linkville for burial. try. They rescued _Mrs. Brotherton, and chil- H. H. Bleecher, who was one of the early set- dren and gave warillg to many others. Ivan - -, __ , __M 95S 8HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. Applegate served as guide and interpreter for fully inclilled. Those in charge of them attempted nearly all the early commissions which attempted to pilot the Indians to the reservation without go- to remove Captain Jack's party to the Klamath ing througih Linkville. I4ut the Indians had be- reservation,. He fought in the first battle of the come frightened ; they bolted and scattered all Lava Beds, January 17, 1873, although attached over the country. Finally they found their way to no comlmanid, and in General Miller's report, back to Yreka and were later taken to the reser- hle received special mention for bravery on the vation. field. In fact lie took a part in the _Modoc War Following the first fighlt with the Indians re- second to no man whose name falls into the warp inforcemnents were at once sent to the front from ani(l woof of this history. Camps Warner, 1Bidwell, Harney and Fort Kla- Follobwing thle outbreak and massacre in the matlh. Everv available soldier stationed at points valley settlers flocked to Linkville for protection. in the district of the lakes was soon on1 the field Accommodations of this little town were taxed to as well as two companies of volunteers. Immine- their Utlmost. Precautions were nimmediatelv diatelv after the outbreak and slaugliter of set- taken to defenid the town from an attack by the tlers Governor Grover authorize(l the mobiliza- hostiles. On the high ground north of Ilain tion of a volunteer force to assist in bringing the street, east an(l north of the present location of hostile Alodocs to time. This action was taken Baldwuins hardware store, was erected a stone on receipt of a telegran from Hon. A. J. Bur- enclosure \vherein the people proposed to con- nette, dated Linkville, November 3 oth, which told gregate and repel the Indians in case of attack. of the massacre and stated that the forces in the This wvall was about five feet high. Farther south field were insufficient to protect the settlements. the Indians had all they could attend to and (lid A mass meetina was held at Ashlan(l attended by not get so far north as Linkville; the town es- over IOO citizens at which a resolution was caped attack. At 'Mr. \Vhitney's place, the Hot adopted asking the governor to authorize them to Springs property just east of the town, a stock- recruit a force of voltelcers to co-operate with a(le was erected, pierce(l with loop-holes, and sur- the regular troops. rotiuded by a trench wherein protection was of- These Oregon volunteers were compose(l of fered those Nvho desired to avail themselves of it. Companllies A, Captain Harrison Kelly, and I, Tlhroughout the entire country people were in a Captain Oliver C. Applegate, under command of state ot panic. At lMerganser armed men pick- B1rigadier General I. F. Ross. These two coin- eted thle town and guarded it from surprise. At panies served dluring the first part of the war. a number of farmi houses settlers gathered and Their term of service began December 2, 1872, placed pickets around them. War was in the air; and thev were mustered out january 24, 1873. thle reign of terror existed for some time folloxv- Companies C, Captain John H. Hyzer; D, Cap- ing the massacre. tain Thomas INItulholland: F, Captain George R. At this dlark period all classes of people la- Rodgers, also under command of General Ross, bored uinder the greatest excitement. An incident were mustered in April T4, 1873, and served dur- is related illtistratincg to what length this excite- inm the latter part of the war. ment led some of themn. December 4th a band of The part taken by the volunteers, many of about fortv-five Mlodocs who had been living on whomn are now residents of the countv in which 1-Jot creek and who had participated in none of they fought, was important. They not only par- the murders, were rounded tip and headed for the ticipated in the battles side by side with the regu- reservation in charge of Mlessrs. Fairchild, Davis, lar troops, but thev thorouglllv policed the coun- Pall and Colver. They proceeded northward. On try of the lakes, protecting settlers and exerting the 5 th they reached Biob WVhittle's ranch on Link a strong influence over other tribes who at times river. Here they were mnet by a party of eight seemed on the point of joining the hostiles. Nor or ten settlers w1lho opposed their proceeding must we forget the point taken bIv the loyal In- further. Thev were also met bv the Indian agent (ian allies. Ivan Applegate has paid the follow- who informed the men in charge of the Hot creek ig- tribute to these allies of the whlites in an ora- h)and that a mob had congregated on the opposite tion delivere(l July 4, 1892: side of thle riVer wh\JiClh \voil(l certainlv attack the "Only a few years ago the straggling settle- In(liails should thlev attempt to nmake a crossing. mcnts ot IKlamath \Nould have been swept away The settlers appeared imuined with but one idea by the ha ifl of savage war had it not been for the and that was to \vreak vengeance for the murders noble defeulse inaide bv a mere handful of brave alreadv committed an(d were not at all particular and hardyv pioileers, nobly sutpported byv our ever whlat Indians became the victims. These INodocs loyal, ever trusty auld ever faithful friends, the had been in no \vay coniecte(l with Captain lack's Klanlathl;. andl thloce patriotic heroes. I\lodocs, led band of (lespera(loeq an( had alwavs be]en peace- hi- the old hereditary clief. Sclonchin. These T-TTtQ-lD \T (Ir r 'mnAT' r -III) 1'/ 1 th \JLI' It-.N 1IVx~AL 'J1kxhUi\. 959 people here withl us to(lay, native Americans, rocky filsures, caves, crevices, gorges and ravines, some people Nvho but a few years ago were the wild of themn one hundred feet deep. In the opiiiioii of any men of these wild forests. prove(l themselves true experienced ofticer of regulars of volunteers, i,ooo men patriots and through these trying times stood wvould be required to dislodge them from their alnost shoulder to shoulder wvith the whlite pioneer, and impregnable position, and it must be done deliberately were among the first to go to the rescue of our with a free use of mortar batteries. The Ilodocs were peojple in distress." scarcely exposed at all to our persistent attacks; they Lietitenant Colonel Prank \Vheaton, command- left one ledge to gain another equally secure. ingi the district of the lakes, at once hastened to I have been 23 years in the service of the govern- the scene of hostilities and assumlied conmmand in ment, and have been employed a greater portion of that person. He established headquarters near Crow- time on our remote frontier, and generally engaged in ley's ranch; l)reparations were at once made to operating against ho tile Indians. Iii this service I have proceed against the hostile IN\!odocs who had never before encountered aii enemny, civilized or savage, moved south to their stronghold in the Lava Beds. occupying a position of such great natural strength as These L.ava Beds, lying principally in IMlodoc the AIodoc stronghold, nor have I ever seen troops en- county, California, horderin- Tnle'lake on tle gage a better-armed or more skIllfnl foe sotith, are certainly most hideotis freaks of na- ture. Here is, in deed, a feast for the eves of Owing to the conditions those who prefer the grewsome, uncanny and re- described in the re- port none, or very little, injury was inflicted pulsive to the sublime and beatitiful. Of the lat- on the Indians. The troops taking ter the Lava Beds are the antipodes. They are, part in this bat- tlc were: Regulars-Compaln in fact, practical Gibraltars, as wvas proved in this C, 2Ist Infanltrv; Company 13, 2ist campaign vhen a mnere handful of half starved Infantry the former com- manded by Captain (. II'urton,11. -Alodocs held at bay for inany months a large tlme latter by Lieutelnant Joln force of United States troops aided by volunteers INI. Ross detachment of Com- pany F, 2ISt Infantry an(l Warm Springs Indian allies. Had the Modocs Conipanvy F, ist cavalry Captain D. Perry ; Conmap-iv heen plerntiftully supplied wvith food and ammuni- G, 1st cavalry, C(ap- tain R. F. Bernard; Conpany tion it appears quite probable that it wotild have Bl, ist cavalry, Captain James Jackson; taken twice as long to dislodge them as it (lid Comipanies A andl B, Oregon Volunteers, the Spaniards to wvrest from the Aloors the his- the former commanded by Captain H. Kelly; the latter by Captain toric Gibraltar, anil that consumed a period of 8oo 0. C. Applegate; Twenty-fourtlh vears. The intricate formation of the Lava Beds Californ ia Volun- teer Riflemen, Captain J. A. Fairchild. needs to he seen in close proximity to he dutly ap- It was estimated at the time that more than preciate(i antI it is well wvorth time and trouble to a ton of lead was pourecd into Captain Jack's strong- those seeking the outre and hizarre to visit this - hold. Yet, incredible as worl(l-famotus locality. To those who anticipate it mav appear, only one Indian was hit, while sixty-five doilng so xvc here tender a bit of advice ; provide regulars and vol- unteers were killed and wou-nled. yourself with a guide and a plentiful supply of The dead were left where they fell, but rattlesnake bite antidote: the Lava Ie(ls are cer- the wotinlded with one exception were carried out. Two tainlv the fatherland of that venemnotis reptile. men were killed in an attempt to (Irag this poor fellow' Howitzers wNere hrought in and on January to a place of safety. The spot where lie lav was if6, 1873, canip) was broken and the cavalry, iln- lost owing to the fog, and lie was, tantry antI artillery forces, togethier with the vol- perforce. left in the hands of the merciless sava-es. lie unteers, started onl their meniorable campaign of belonged to Captain Perry's the Lava Bieds. The forces tunder Colonel troop of United States cav- WNlhea- alry. ton numbered about 400, of Which 225 were reg- This battle was an ulars, and the others volunteers. Opposin them eiiiphatic defeat for the troops. Colonel Wheaton was were abont i.Mo Indians, according to Colonel forced to retreat to a suitable camp on1 Lost river. Wheaton's estimate. Btit the natural stronghold The lNlodoc in- stirrection had now was stich that everything favored the Indians. assumed a quite formidable aspect. Three htmndred more troops Colonel W'heaton attacked the IMlodocs on the were asked for by \Vheatoni. They were at ommce dispatclied Titll of Janutarv and(] lost sixtyv-five men-sixteen to reinforce him. Before thev killed and forty-nrinie wounded, accomplishing arrived orders were received! fromn the wvar very little ex\ccpt makiig- a reconnaissance (level- department to sus- pend hostilities, indicatin- a desire (p)ing the INo(odoc strentil anlld position. Tn h1i; to again re- sort to peace measures. Considerable report of the battle Colobnel Wheaton said: humiliation was felt by the troops over this order. Practicallv WX>foupl1t the Ndlians through the Lava Beds to it wvas to so p'ace the troops that they miighlt pro- thcir strongbiold, wllich is in the center of miles of tect tlue citizens, butt if possible to avoid var. The U I. 960 HISTORY OF CENTRAL 6REGON. order was received January 30, 1873, and was the fearful tragedy that ensued are told officially by first step toward peace in the endeavor to accom- Colonel Alvan C. Gillem in his report to the ad- plhsh which General Canbv and Dr. Thomas jutant general of the United States army as were massacred. follows From the date of these instructions from Washington suspending military operations Headquarters Alodoc Expedition, against the Modocs until April i I, I873, active Camp South of Tule Lake, April II, 1873. efforts were made to secure this desired peace. Sir-It is with the most profound sorrow that I Commissioners were appointed to confer with have to inform you of the death of Brigadier General Captain Jack and secure his consent to live upon E. R. S. Canby, U. S. A, which occurred today at I :30 a reservation with his tribe. To the commission- p in , about one mile in front of this camp under the ers was given great latitude in treating with these following circumstances: Indians. They were authorized to grant a sep- For a day or two commlinunication between the crate reservation if the Modocs would consent to Indians and the peace commission had been virtually lay down their arms and live peaceably. suspended. Yesterday morning an Indian (Boston General Canby, who had up to this period re- Charley) came into camp and informed the commission mained at headquarters, at Portland, acted with that Captain Jack would "talk." In order to avoid all the commissioners and at once joined the forces misapprehension, the commission sent their interpreter in the field. February I5th lhe reached Linkville. (Frank Riddle and his squaw, Winema) into the Indian The day following lie went to Dorris ranch, Cal- camp; they returned in the evening and reported that ifornia; later to Fairchild ranch and Van Captain Jack said he would not nmeet the commission, Bremer's ranch. February i8th the commission nor come out of his stronghold again until the troops was organized. It at once tried to open coin- were removed from the vicinity. An Indian returned munication with Captain Jack. During the stnc- with Riddle and confirmed his statement. This morn- ceeding few weeks there were many changes in ing, however, the Indian, Boston Charley. asserted that the personnel of the commission. For nearly two Riddle (the interpreter) had not told all that Captain months they were unsuccessful in making satis- Jack had said. and asserted that Jack had agreed to factory arrangements with the Indians. Captain meet General Canby, myself and the commission at a Jack and his followers would occasionally promii- tent that had been pitched about a mile in front of this ise to meet for a "talk", but there was, inevitably, camp. In order to reconcile these conflicting state- some excuse put forward; the proposed meeting ments the two Indians, Boston and Bogus, were sent did not materialize. During this prolonged pe- back to the Indian camp. They soon returned and said riod the military authorities Were so disposing that Jack would meet five of US-General Canby, my- their forces as to cut off all avenues of escape for self and three commissioners, at the tent. After duly the Modocs. The disposition of the war depart- considering the subject it was determined to accept the ment is shown by the following extract from a proposition I was too ill to accompany the party, and telegram from General W. T. Sherman to Gen- before leaving the interpreter brought the commission- eral Canby, dated March I3, 1873: ers to my bedside and asked me to bear witness that he had warned them that there was danger in going out; It is manifestly desired by all in auth1or-ity that however it was decided to go this Modoc affair should be settled amicably, and for At t T:o6 a. m., the party left camp. I directed the that reason I advise you to exercise considerable signal officer to keep a strict watch on the tent and to patience. * * * But should these peaceful measures inform me of everything that occurred. At I :30 p. m., fail, and should the Modocs presume too far on the the signal officer brought me information that Major forbearance of the government and again resort to TMason's camp on the east had been attacked and two deceit and treachery, I trust you will make such use of officers probably captured. (This afterwards proved to the military force that no other Indian tribe will be incorrect ) Convinced that treachery was intended, imitate their example, and that no other reservation I sent for Assistant Surgeon Cabaniss, who volunteered for them will be necessary except graves among their to take a note to General Canhy. I could not send a chosen Lava Beds. verbal message as many of the Indians understood Eng- lish. I had written hut a few words when shots were At last, on April Ir, I873, Captain Jack con- heard, and officers from the signal station brought the sented to a conference. General Canbv and three information that General Canby and the peace com- commissioners, Rev. Dr. Eleazer Thomas, A. B. missioners had been murdered. The troops were under Meacham and L. S. Dyar set fqrth to meet the arms at once and advanced. I found the bodies of~ Indians. accompanied by T. F. Riddle and in- General Canby and the Rev. Dr. Thomas about seventy dian wife, Toby, or Winema. The details of the yards from the tent M\Tr Meacham was near, severely. Klamath County Alfalfa Field Nesting on the Klamath tmath County Fruit, 4,200 feet above sea level Typical Klamath Indians :: - - - HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 96i if not mortally \wounded,; all were stripped '\r. Dyar, but the others were kind of tip im behind me, and they one of the commissioners, escaped unhurt, having a were firing and I didinot turn around to look back small pistol which he drew on his pursuer. to see who it wvab. I thought it was warm times there. The remains of General Canby and Dr. Thomas will be sent to Yreka tomorrow, in charge of Lieutenant Since the assassination of President Lincoln H. R. Anderson, A. D. C., to the general. probably no news had created Such intense ex- Very respectfully, your obedient servant, citement throughout the country as did this mur- ALVAN C. GILLEM, der of General Canby and Peace Commissioner Colonel First U. S. Cavalry, commanding Thomas by these perfidious M\lodocs. To the four Modoc Expedition winds of heaven was scattered the policy of To Adjutant General U. S. Army. "'peace." It was war to the knife and knife to the hilt. In recapitulation of what has been said concerning this fiendish deed it mav be said that In this report of Colonel Gillem we have the Boston and Bogus Charlie had come in on Thurs- bald facts. There were many sensational details day the ioth, and solicited an interview at the of this tragedy which were subsequently brought cave, a mile beyond the tent, at exactlv the same ,out in evidence at the trial of the captured as- spot where they hadl previously atteml)te(l to sassins. One of the most important witnesses entrap the commission. The members refused was T. F. Riddle, the interpreter, and the fol- to go to this place btit were willing to compromise lowing is anl.extr-agt from a portion of his evi- on the tent as neutral ground. It is undeniably dence: true that both Riddle and his wife advised the commission not to go, insisting that treachery Mr. Meachamn, then he made another speech. aiid was in the air, but they were overruled by Dr. he told Captain Jack: "Jack, let us talk like men and Thomas an(l General Canbv who could not believe not like children," and he sort of hit him on the knee that after their kind treatment of the Indians or shoulder once or twice, or tapped him-he said, 'Let harm could befall them. us talk like men and not talk like children.' He said; 'Thev are firing on the peace commission!" "You are a man that has common sense, isn't there any Such ,vas the terrible cry that echoed through other place that will do you except Willow creek and the camp and such was the fearful fact. Hastily Cottonwood?" And Mr. Meach-ain was speaking rather the soldiers responded to the long roll and swept loud, and Schonchis told him to hush; that he could talk onwar(l toward the fateful conference ground. a straight talk; to let him talk Just as Schonchis said Colonel M\iller's battery E, Fourth artillery, was that, Captain Jack rose tup and stepped back, sort of in the van, and cavalry and infantry followed, in behind Dyar's horse. I was interpreting for crossing the lava field to the scene of the affray- Schonchis, and I was not noticing Jack. He stepped a Colonel Miller and Lieutenant Learv with their few steps out to one side, and I saw him put his own men at the dotible quick, closely followed by hand to his bosom like- Major Throckmorton, commanding batteries K ***Well, he stepped hack and came, righlt uip and M\, with Lieutenant Harris taking the right in front of General Canby and said: in Indian. "All center, and Captain Wright, Comnpany E, and ready, boys-" at we-that is "All ready," and the Lieutenant Howe on the extreme left. These cap busted, and before you could crook your finger he companies followed each other so rapidly that it fired. * * * Yes, sir, and after the cap iusted, be- was difficult to determine which was ahead. fore you could crook your finger, he fired and struck Too late! That which was sought to be pre- General Canby under the eye, and the ball came outi vented had been committed. General Canby had here (showing-in the neck under the chin.) I jumped been killed by Captain Jack-shot in the eve, the and ran then, and never stopped to look back any more. ball ranging downward, emergin'g through the I saw General Canby fall over, and I expected lie was jaw an(l breaking it. He had. also, received a killed, and I jumped and ran with all my might I stab tinder the right ear, dislocating the neck, never looked back but once, and when I looked back probably, as it wvas fotind to be broken. Mr. Meacham was down, and my woman was down, Dr. Thomas was shot by Boston Charlev who and there was an Indian standing over M\r Meaeha that very morning had eaten breakfast with him, and another Indian standing over her. and some two or and had walked with him to the field of death. three coming up to Mr. IMeacham 'M\fr. Meacham was Truly a hellish deed, equalling in atrocity the sort of lying down this way (showiiig) and had one | barbarity of ancient piracy. He was shot through F of his hands sticking out. * * * They commenced the right hlng, this wotinud itself being almost in- firing all around. I could not tell who was firing ex- stantlv fatal. Having fallen he was again shot cept Schonchis, here; I saw him firing at Mr. Meacham. through the head, the ball entering rather back . 6 1 --- -7- ___ __ -- 1 I ------Z --- - - -7i 962) HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. of the apex of the crown. He was seen to throw white husband. They were legally married and tip his hands after the first shot, as he fell to his when the \lodoc War broke out she enlisted in knees, and heard to exclaim, "Don't kill me !" The the cause of the white people, as a peacemaker, second shot put an end to his life. He died however, between two races. Wi-ne-ma still without a struggle; a peaceful smile was on his lives. She resides on the Klamath reservation. lips when found. as though he was asleep. The romance of her life has passed and she now From the dead let u1s turn to the living. goes by the simple name of Toby Riddle, after Schonchin attacked Mr. 1Ieachamn. The first shot having served the white race faithfully and be- crashed through his arm and disabled it, probably yond all compensation. knocking him dowu. Aknother bullet shaved away General Canby began his military career as a an eyebrow and cut the bridge of the nose, wound- cadet at West Point in the summer of i835, grad- ing the bone and cartilage quite seriously. An- uating in 1839. He was continuously in the other bullet struck hinm at the lower lobe of the service for thirty-eight years, passing through all left ear, glancing along the skull and emerging the grades to :Major General of Volunteers, and some three inches above. An attempt had been Brigadier General of the regular army. He made to scalp him. but further than cutting a served in early life with marked distinction in' large ugly gash partly around the head, the fiends the Florida and Mexican wars, and the outbreak had not succeeded. :Meacham was taken to the of the Civil War found him on duty in New -Mex- hospital wvhere every attention was paid him. ico where, after the defection of his seniors, he re- Aside from the other injuries mentioned a bullet mained in command and defended the country ha(l shattered the forefinger of the left hand. successfully against a formidable inroad from Let us in this place consider the miraculous the direction of Texas. He was afterward trans- escape of MlIr. Dyar. He was standing by his ferred east to a more active and important sphere, horse when the first cap exploded. Instinctively where lie held various high commands, and at the alive to this sudden exhibition of treachery, like close of the Civil War was in chief command of a (leer he sprang past the rocks in the direction the military division of the west. In the cam- of the camp. He was closely followed by Hooka paign lie received a serious wound, but lie had the Jim who fired two shots at him. Dear turned and honor to capture Mobile and compel the sur- presented his derringer. The cowardly savage render of the rebel forces in the southwest. Fol- bounded away in the opposite direction; Dyar lowing the close of the war lie was repeatedly resumned his run for the camp which he gained chosen for special command. In I869, when in safety. fatigued by a long and laborious career, lie con- The advance of the troops was checked by sentedl to take conriand of the Department of Colonel Miller who, just as the bodies were found, the Columbia, where he expected to enjoy the re- had received from Major Green, commanding pose lie so muclh courted. The following tribute tete forces in the field, through Acting Adjutant to General Canby is found in general order No. lieutenant Taylor, an order to assume command 3, issued by command of General W. T. Sher- of the whole line. Just as the cave around the man, at Wkashington, April 14, 1873: was reached, where Jack had tried to get the "He responded to the call of his government bend with alacrity, and has labored with a patience conference, could be seen, three-fourths of a ,tnile away, the flying \Iodocs, some mounted on that deserved better success, but, alas! the end is from that which lie and his best friends horses captured from the commissioners. It was differenit impossible to come up with them before they had hoped for, and lie now lies a corpse in the' reached their stronghold, and as the canteens and wild mountains of California, while the light- haversacks were empty of water and provisions, ning flashes his requiem to the furthermost cor- it was necessary to return and await for another ners of the civilized world. of his fame is re- day of reckoning. "Though (lead. the record During the progress of the war Wi-nie-mna, of splendent with noble deeds well done, and no or whom we have spoken, was selected as the official name on our Army Register stands fairer interpreter by the government. She was one of higher for the personal qualities that command the brightest of the Indian tribe, the daughter of a the universal respect, honor, affection and love of his countrymen." Modoc chief. Her earlI life had been passed on the lakes of the Klamathi country and along their Following the massacre of General Canby and the shores. She used to gather with the great peace Dr. Thionias a vigorous campaign against parties on Link river, at the foot of the falls, now MIodocs was inaugurated, such an onslaught as The the present site of Klamath Falls. By her beauty should have been commenced monthis before. in early days and extraordinary intelligence. 'shilly-shally" of "peace" was now exchanged WA~i-ne-mna won the heart an(d hand of her present for the stern reality of hot and impetuous war. HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 963 Of this campaign space forbids an exhaustive ac- ing the success of the enterprise when a few count, but we shall confine ourselves to the salient shots in close proximity announced the presence features of this last, but decisive movement of the enemy. against the treacherous tribe led by Captain Jack, lthough surprised the officers immediately a name that must go down in Indian history, as sprang to action. However, a well directed fire has that of Blackbeard, the inhuman piratical from the Indians by this time caused a large monster of tke Spanish Main, in the story of the number, probably two-thirds of the enlisted men, sea. to break and fly in a most cowardly manner. The The perfidy and treachery of the savages must officers, thus deserted by their men, rallied the be punished to the fullest extent. Authorities at few brave spirits, mostly non-coinmissioned offic- Washington who had so long dallied with the ers, and fought the foe with undaunted courage. where 'peace policy," noxv forwarded instructions of no They were all found, killed or wounded, uncertain interpretation. The Modocs must be they had so nobly, but ineffiectually fought. later exterminated or captured-their power broken to General Jeff C. Davis, who a short time report the utmost. Colonel Gillem, of the first cavalry, assumed command in the Lava Beds, in his had assumed command of the forces in the field. of the affair said: "The result was conspicuous April 14th he began an advance into the Lava cowardice on the part of the men who ran away, Beds. Realizing the impossibility of taking the and conspicuous bravery and death on the part of Modoc stronghold by assault, this officer deter- the men and officers who stood." of the minied to surround the hostiles, thus saving his Major Green went at once to the scene own men and preventing the escape of the In- fighting. Captain Thomas' command was en- tirely disorganized and scattered. In the lava dians. Fighting began on the i 5 th. Mortars and howitzers played no unimportant part. During chasms were found the dead bodies of Captain Lieutenant the day the loss to the soldiers was Lieutenant Thomas, Lieutenant A. 1B. Howe, Eagan, wounded; three men killed and nine Thomas F. Wright, Lieutenalnt Arthur Cranston George NI. wotun(led. and thirteen enlisted men. Lieutenant On the i6th lines were advanced and fight- Harris, Acting Assistant Surgeon B. Swing and found wounded where ing was severe. The command was pushed to sixteen enlisted men were bodies the immediate vicinitv of the caves held by Cap- they had so gallantly made a stand. The near the scene tain Jack. A junction was formed by the com- o0 four Modoc Indians were found mands of Majors Green and Mason; the water of the fighting May supply of the Indians was cut off. During the General Davis arrived at the Lava Beds night of the i6th firing was almost continuous. 2d. It had been his intention to make another The hostiles attempted to break through the lines effort to dislodge the Indians immediately. But disaster of to procure water; they were unsuccessful. On the recent defeats, culminating in the 26th, had exerted a demoralizing influence the I th the stronghold was captured, but the April 7 to savages had fled; they were not discovered until among the troops, and General Davis decided ac- the 20th. Then they were located about four await further developments before resuming story of miles south of their old stronghold. Here they tive operations. We shall now tell the remained until compelled to come out for the rest of the campaign in General Davis' own water. No more fighting occurred until the words as related in his report: 26th. Then a company under command of me to the command of the de- Captain Evan Thomas fell into an ambuscade The order assigning was dated April I4. 1873; and was annihilated, the most disastrous event of partment of the Columbia Indiana. I at once left the war. The party consisted of six commis- it was received at Indianapolis, reached the camp of the troops sioned officers, sixty-four enlisted men and four- for the Lava Beds and them laboring tnder great teen Indian scouts, sent out by Major Green to on the 2d of May. I found winter camps, reconnoiter the position of the hostiles with a depression of spirits; their cheerless and repeated failures, had doubtless view of taking a mortar battery by pack train heavy losses confidence to a considerable through a lava bed to a sand hill, near the center, diminished their zeal and to Thomas' command Its about five miles distant from the camp. The ob- extent before the disaster very visible upon the morale of the com- jective point was reached without difficulty by effects were it imprudent to order noonday; the party halted for rest and refresh- mand; so much so that I deemed it was my desire and inten- ment. No Indians had been encountered; no re- the aggressive movements my arrival, in order to watch sistance appears to have been expected. A gen- tion to make at once upon movements of the Indians. During the few days eral feeling of security seems to have prevailed the examine into the condition of affairs, and among the officers. A signal sergeant was pre- required to re-organization of the command, made neces- paring to send a message back to camp announc- to effect a 964 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. sary under the circumstances, as well as by the arrival up which led to dissensions and final separation of the from San Francisco of Captain Mendenhall's command, band into two parties; they left the Lava Beds bitter I sent a couple of friendly Indian squaws of the Modoc enemies. The troops soon discovered their departure tribe into the Lava'Bed,. After two days they returned and were sent in pursuit. Their trails were found lead- almost exhausted from fatigue, having searched the ing in a westerly direction. Hasbrouck's command of country quite thoroughly. They reported the Indians cavalry, after a hard march of some fifty miles, came gone but recently. A few Warm Spring Indians sent tipon the Cottonwood band and had a sharp running out the next day confirmed their report. fight of seven or eight miles. The Indians scattered in Hasbrouck's and Jackson's companies, with the order to avoid death or capture. The cavalry horses Warm Spring Indians, all under command of the were completely exhausted in the chase, and night com- former, were immediately sent out in pursuit, and signs ing on, he withdrew his troops a few miles distant to of Indians were found near Sorass lake, where the Fairchild's ranch for food and forage: troops camped for the night On the morning of May Indians captured in this engagement expressed the toth the Indians attacked the troops at daylight; they belief that this band would like to give themselves up were not fully prepared for it, but at once sprang to if opportunity were offered. When given this, through their arms and returned the fire in gallant style The the medium of friendly Indians, they made an effort to Indians soon broke and retreated in the direction of obtain terms, but I at once refused to entertain any- the Lava Beds They contested the ground with the thing of the kind; they could only be allowed safe troops hotly for some three miles. conduct through the camp to my headquarters when The object of this hasty movement of the troops they arrived at the picket line. They came in on the was to overhaul the Indian,, if out of the Lava Beds, 22d of May and laid down their arms, accompanied by as reported, and prevent them from murdering settlers their old men, women and children; in all seventy-five. in their probable retreat to another locality. This object It had been rumored for a day or two that Jack's party was obtained and more. The troops have had, all things had taken a different direction from this band. These considered, a very square fight. and whipped the 'Modocs captives confirmed this report, but from them I could for the first time. But the whole band was again in learn only enough to satisfy me that he and his band the rocky stronghold. So soon as the result was made had fled in one of two directions; north, in the Pit known to me by signals, I immediately ordered the river country, or east, toward Goose lake, either course troops to he dismounted and follow the enemy on foot, endangering the lives of citizens and destruction of the horses to be sent to a safe place for grazing, and property. The mounted troops were all drawn, by never lose sight of him Water and provisions were recent operations, west of the Lava Beds, and this ordered tip also. Major Mason, with his own and band of the marauders was yet at large, probably about MIendenhall's foot artillery, was ordered to leave be- too miles from us, perhaps on the rampage, enjoying hind suitable camp guards, and to move directly through an Indianl's luxuries in the settlements outside of reser- the Lava Beds, so as to take a position as near as vations. possible to the enemy, and opposite the one assumed In order to meet this emergency the cavalry force, by Hasbrouck's command This scramble (it can not including Indian scouts, was divided into three de- be properly called a march) of fourteen miles was tachments under Captains D. Perry, H. C. Hasbrouck exceedingly creditable to the troops and commander, and James Jackson; Major John Green commanding Major Mason. the whole. All were ordered to rendezvous as soon as The Indians were now closely threatened with at- possible at Boyle's camp, east of Tule lake. This move- tacks from two sides, candxviclued but not surrounded. ment would require at least three days. To learn the All the troops by this time were much recuperated and exact whereabout of the Indians was now very im- inspirited, and I resolved to carry out my plan, formed portant, and I determined to accept of the offered services when I first arrived This was to move them, the of a 'Iodoc captive; one who up to the time of their troops, all into the Lava Beds and form a series of separation was known to be in the confidence of his bivouacs from which they could fight when opportunity chief, and could lead us to the hiding place of the band. offered, or could rest and take things easy, like the He was an unmitigated cut-throat, and for this reason Indians. The pack trains engaged in supplying the I was loath to make any use of him that would com- troops already there were ordered to be increased with promise his well-earned claims to the halter. He de- this view, but the Indians had already become ex- sired eight others to accompany and support him, under hausted in watching the forces threatening them so the belief his chief would kill him on sight; but three persistently since their fight at Sorass lake that a retreat others only were accepted and those of the least guilty or capture was inevitable. The chief could no longer ones. (Hooka Jim is the one referred to as the "cut- keep his warriors up to the work required of them; throat.") They were promised no rewards for this lying on their arms night and day watching for an service whatever. Believing the end justified the means, attack. These exactions were so great, and the conduct I set them out thoroughly armed for the services they of the leader so tyrannical, that insurbordination sprang were to perform. HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 965 Before the last of the \tlodocs were taken into of his most noted warriors were still running in every custodly. the troops were aided to a considerable direction. extent ill capturing the remainder of the band It fell to the lot of these troopers to capture Jack. by four iMlodocs who had participated in the When surrounded and captured he said his "legs had Canbv massacre. These were Steamboat Frank, given out." Two or three other warriors gave them- Hooka Jim, Bogus Charley and Schacknasty Jim. selves up with him. Though called for, no reports have They had seen the handwriting on the wall and been received of these operations from the different volunteered their services in rnning to earth detachment commanders, hence details can not be given. Captain Jack and the remnants of his band. For As soon as the captives were brought in, directions were this service they were not included in those se- given to concentrate the troops, captives, etc., at Boyle's lecteti for trial for the murder of General Canby camp on Tule lake. There the Oregon Volunteers who anti Dr. Thomas, although they were, possibly, had been called into the field by the governor, turned equally guilty with the others. We now restile in a few captives they had taken over on their side of the report of General Davis: the line. It is proper to mention in this connection that these volunteers were not under my command. They After nearly three days' hutnting they came tupon confined their operations to protecting the citizens of Jack's camp on Willow creek, east of Wright lake, their own state. Yet oil several occasions they offered fifteen miles from Applegate's ranch, to which I had their services informally to report to me for duty in gone after separation from thiem at Tule lake, to await case I needed them. No emergency arose requiring me their return and the arrival of the cavalry. The scouts to call upon them. reported a stormy interview with the angry chief. He By June 511 the whole banld, with a few unim- denounced them in severe terms for leaving him ; he portant exceptions, hail been captured and was assembled intended to die with his gun in his hand; they were in our camp on1 Tule lake, when I received orders from squaws, not men. He intended to jump Applegate's the general of the army to hold them under guard until ranch that night, the 28th, etc On the return of these further instructions as to what disposition would be scouts I immediately sent Captain E. V. Summer, aid- made of them. de-camp, back to the rendezvous at Tule lake with orders to push forward Captains H C. Hasbrouck's The Mfodoc War was ende(l. The following and James Jackson's commands to Applegate's ranch. table shows the number of killed and wounded with rations for three days in haversacks, and pack soldiers an(l citizens participating therein: mules with ten days' supply. All arrived and reported by 9 o'clock a. m, the 20th, under command of Major [Cill'd lXoWounded. Total. John Green, their veteran cavalry leader since the Officers ...... 7 4 It commencement of the Modoc War, in excellent spirits. Enlisted men ...... 39 IOo The impenetrable rocky pedregal was behind them; the Citizens ...... i6 17 desperado and his band were ahead of them in collm- Indian scouts ...... 2 2 4 paratively an open country. After allowing the animals an hour's rest the pursuit was renewed, and abotit one 64 68 132 o'clock p. m , Jack and band were jumped on Willow creek near its crossing with the old emigrant road. This Following the capture of the hostile Moodoc stream forms the headwaters of Lost river. It was a Iiltians there occurred a deplorable affair on Lost complete surprise. The Indians fled in the direction river. A banld of Hot Creek Indians, who had of Langell's valley. The pursuit from this time bn taken no part wlhatever in the war, were being until the final captures, June 3d, partook more of a chase removeti to the reservation, when they were set after wild beasts than war; each detachment vying with utlon by a party of settlers, and six of their 1un1- each other as to which should be first in at the finish. ber slain. These lildialls had always been peace- Lieutenant Colonel Frank Wheaton, Twenty-first able, hiad had no halnd in the massacre of settlers, Infantry, reported to me in compliance with his orders anil this attack oti them was entirely unwarranted. from Camp Warner, on the 22d, at Fairchild's ranch. After the capture of the -Modocs General He was placed in command of the district of the lakes i)avis at once prepared to execute without trial. and the troops comprising the iMlodoc expedition. After eight or ten of the ringleatlers, when lie received making necessary disposition of the foot troops and instrtlctiotls front WNNashington of a contrary na- captives at Fairchild's ranch, he came forward to Clear ture. In a dispatch to ( ;eleral Schofieldtdate(d lake and joined me at Applegate's with Perry's de- Tule lake, Ju'ce 5th, General Davis said: tachment of cavalry; these troops were at once sent to join in the hunt. Most of the band had by this time I had already inade arrangements to execute eight been run down and captured, but the chief and a few or ten of the rniglealcr,: scaffold and ropes were M 966 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. prepared. I was engaged in determining the exact list, harbor of San Francisco, as the place of confine- with a view to executing them at sunset tomorrow, ment. when your dispatch was handed me. I have no doubt The other four were hanged October 3, I873, of the propriety and the necessity of executing them on at Fort Klamath. Of these four Captain Jack the spot at once. I had no doubt of my authority, as de- was the only one who lost his stoical nerve and partment commander in the field, to thus execute a band failed to "die as a man." For this weakness lie was of outlaws, robbers and murderers like these, under the upbraided by Boston Charley, one of the con- circumstances. Your dispatch indicates a long delay demned. After the quadruple execution the two of the cases of these red devils, which I regret. Delay sentencetl to life imprisonment were taken to the will spoil the moral effect which their prompt execu- islawl. The other Alodocs, I53 in number, in- tion would have had upon other tribes, as also the in- cluding Scar Faced Charley, who died in Indian spiring effect upon the troops. Territory about i900, were first taken to Fort XlcPherson, Nebraska, arriving there October 29, 'That General Sherman's idea as to the proper 1873. There were 39 men, 54 women and 6o disposition of the captured Indians was in ac- children. Shortlv afterward they were all re- cord with General Davis is shown in the follow- moved to the Quapaw agency, Indian Territor'. ing communication dated Jtune 7th Near the buildings at the fort are four headboards It is to be regretted that General Davis was bearing the names of those hanged and the date interrupted in his propose(l dealing with the of their execution. Althouglh these monuments Modoc criminals, but the dispatch having been are still standing the bodies are not buried there shown to the attorney general, he thinks that no and never were, having been removed immuled- action should be taken until he has furnished his iately after the hanging. This is a fact not gen- opinion on the subject of their final disposition erallv known. to the president." TNo punishment was inflicted by the civil au- The captured M_\Iodocs were taken to Fort Kla- thorities for the murder of settlers during the math and held under military guard. Before a war, although efforts were made to do so. The military commission which convened at Fort Kla- following telegram explains itself: math, Julyv T, 1873, and remained in session until July .pth, Captain Jack, Schonchis, Black Jim, Jacksonville, Oregon, October 4, 1873. To Jeff C. Davis, U. S. A., Boston Charley, Barlclho alias One-Eyed-Jinl anld Commanding Slolick, alias Cok, were tried for the murder of Department of Columbia, Port- General Canhv and 1)r. Thomas. The members land, Oregon: of this commission were Lieutenant Colonel The hour of the execution of Captain Jack and his co-mnurderers at Fort Klamath, on yesterday, the sher- Washington L. Elliott, First Cavalry, president; iff of Jackson county was present with bench warrants Captain John Mlendenhall, Fourth Artillery: Cap- and exemplihied copies of the indictments of the Lost tain Robert Pollock, Twenty-first Infantrv: Sec- river murderers, and demanded their surrender to the on(d Lieutenant George W. Kingsbury, Twelfth Infantry. Major H. P. Curtis, judge advocate civil authorities of this state for trial and punishment. A writ of habeas corpus has Lnited States Army, served as judge advocate also been issued by Jus- of this commission. Each one of those tried was tice Prime, of the circuit court of Jackson county, commanding that the indicted murderers be brought found guilty. The sentence imposed by the con- before him and cause be shown why they are with- mission was: held fronm trial. "And the commission does therefore sentence I respectfully ask that you communi- them, Captain Jack, Schonchis, Barncho, alias cate the proceedings to Washington, and that final ac- One-Eyed-Jim, Sloluck, alias Cok, Black Jim, tion in the premises be taken by order from there. and( Boston Charley, M\Iodoc Indian captives, 'To L. F. GROVER, Governor be haugowed by the neck, until they be dead, at such of Oregon. time and place as the proper authority shall (i- This was communicated to the authorities at rect, t-wo-thirds of the iuejubers of the conun is- Wasllington, but the request of the governor of sio11 conctrring thercin.' Oregon and demand of the civil authorities were The proceedings, findings and sentences of ignored. The order had previously been issued the commnission were approved by the commanller to take the Modocs to the east and this order was of the departillent of the Columbia. Augu11St 22, in no way cllanged. Following are the names of T873 : thev were also approved bv President UT. S. the Indians indicted by the Jackson county grand Grant, who named October 3, 1873, -as the (late jury November 29th and 30th, 1873: Scar Face of execution. September Toth President Gralnt Charley, T ong Jim, Humllpy, Little Cllarlev, modlifedl the seuteices of Barncho and( Sklnk to Dave, Hooka Jim, Old Doctor, One-Eved Mose. life imprisonment, designating Alcatraz blcand, Boston Charley and Little Jim. HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON.. 967 Just thirty years after the deportation of the Klamath reservation. Their arrival was reported 153 Modoc Indians from the Klamath country to to be agreeable to the other Indians on the reser- the Indian Territory in 1873-in June, 1903- vation, and they were treated cordially and gen- forty-seven, the remnant of these, returned to the erously. CHAPTER V FROM CLOSE OF MODOC WAR TO THE YEAR 1905. Following the subjutgation of the Modocs in SPRAGUE RIVER. I873 conditions in the Klamath country again became normal. A small increase in population J. A. Stewart. ... $ 800 J. P. Gearhart....$ was noted each successive year during the 70's, Fred Muntz . 4,110 W. D. Ferrill .... but immigration was not large. Settlers devoted J. W. Gearhart... I,082 Isaac Gearhart ... 152 their energies almost exclusively to stock-raising. S. Gardner ...... i,Soo W. M. Prine, Jr. 85 Only a few residents of supposed favored loca- R. W. Scoville .... 980 J. Brown ...... 270 tions attempted to till the soil. A large majority W. M. Prine, Sr. . 1,227 J. Smith ...... 66o of the people believed the bulk of the land worth- W. H. Gearhart.. 2,669 J. Jones ...... 3280 less for anything save grazing purposes. Thus conditions existed until about the year i88i. Then FORT KCLAMATH. an experiment was made with sixty acres of sage hrush land on what was known as the Plevna John Stanley .... $ R. Hutchinson .. .$ 864 ranch, near Keno. Thirty acres were sown to Jay Beach ...... 920 James H. Collahan 6,IOO barley with the surprising result of a yield of John Loosley . ... I,364 T. J. Goodwyn .. 1,470 thirty-six bushels per acre. The following sea- John Brannan ... son other tests were made on uplands with simi- lar favorable results. From that date onward LINKVILLE. there was annually a steady increase in cereal acreage and the ntuner of settlers engaged in J. T. Arant ...... $,765 H. S. Conn ...... 1,926 agriculture. Thomas Lang . ... I201. J. W. Conn ...... I,220 Yet for a number of years after the demon- Ben Stout ...... I,050 T. J. Ferree ..... 1,945 stration of grain growing possibilities, it was still S. B. Cranston ... 2,30I M. Powell. believe(l by many that grain could only be stuc- Small Bros ...... 8,367 Quincy A. Brooks 1,200 cessfully produced west of Linkville (Klamath W. J. Small . Jesse D. Walker.. 2,682 Falls.) Practical tests proved the fallacy of this Dennis Small E. F. Walker .... 3,455 and soon the Lost river, and other valleys, east of J. W. Hramaker Jacob Thompson . 3,520 the town of Linkville were classed as grain pro- Chere (Chinaman) F. French ...... ducing sections. M. Cody...... William Jaquette . J. S. Ball. Henry Duncan ..... 4-40 H. E. Spencer.... 2.532 TAX PAYERS OF I875. John Dick. Ed Penning ...... 475 FT. A. Spencer.... i,oio Following is a list of all the taxpayers among H1. M. Thatcher. . I,000 A. Rockafellow... i,040 Klamath county in the the residents of the present J. P. Baker ...... 1,300 C. Frafton ...... 505 assess- year 1875. as taken from the Lake county J. N. T. Miller. . i.i6o Mt. 'nlnget ...... 6o value of all m-ent roll for that year, and the gross John F. Stiller .. 1,000 Benson Walton .. T,1S the property John Kuhn ...... 150 Dan Gordon, Sr. . 1,010 James H. Hudson 235 XV P -Martin .... 555 KCLAMATH INDIAN AGENCY. S. S. Wilcox..... Stukel & Co ... i,619 R. G Galbreatlh... I,o82 S. Worden ..... $2,600 J. R. Hamnersley.$ 665 Applegate Bros . .i6,200 William Hicks .. 595 L. S. Dyar ...... 3,037 James Harer ...... 40 John Wt. Corbell.. John Kieykendall. 907 Enoch Loper .... 1,925 Jolin La Totirette. 1,898 J. L Minks ...... Ia,631 - __ __ - -- _ , - MMMMMMM - __ - 968 968HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. LIN KiVILLE-(ON1 I N T)L. of the best lands prevented settlers coming in. Joselpl Pennin~g . .$1,252 George C Thomnas $1,330 Ak history of Kiamath county devoid of mention W. F. Arant....975 N. Stephenson. 225~ of this really serious status wotild be incomplete; John Gleim . 3,305 Robert Whitftle. 876 we purpose to llresent a brief account of tbis land J. F. Kennedy .. 380 S Walker ...... 40 grabbing,,. TS0o the Dennis Crawley. .. 2.095 W. Y. Decker 291 in UnIIited States government granted Jacob Bales .... s,85o G. Shermlan . 840 to several states the swamp lands within their jJohn H. M\iller ... 1,705 John Burnette b)orders. This w-as before there were many set- 'C Pratt...... 420 C. Canton .... tlers in the Klamath country. The purpose of 'George Colnn.. . 930 Joseph Gouger.. the grant was to place these lands in the hands S. A. Eaton...... 846 A. F. Woodruff. . iso8 of thle states, who could to better advantage dis- 0. T. Brown..----3.033 J. Gordon...... 120 l)0se of them and supervise their reclamation. In the Klamath Sani CoLver....2.844 L. Goodwin .20 country very little attention was paid 0. A. Stearns. .. . 1,140 James Tabin. .1,410 to this swamlp land grant prior to 1870. Only a A. N. Smnith...... sioS Jamies Barkley 133 fewv years before the first settler had located within Thomnas MlcKay .. 470 Ben Lewis...... 330 the boundaries of the present Klamath J. Hf. Snyder .... 120 Aimerman estate. . 1,960 cotsntv. Bntt in the vear mentioned a bill was in- G. T. Baldwin... 280 George Nurs;e. .. .17,T50 troduced inl the O)regon legislature, passed, and William Forsythe. 210 I-tandy & Robert,;. 4.305 was signedl by Governor Grover making it pos- sible for much of the best land to come tinder N. Pratt...... 83 Calhy) & CO .. 119.19 the lpernicious control of the 'land grabbers." Os- LOST IoTVER. tensiblv the bIll provided for the reclamation of swamp lands inl Oregon. It provided for the fil- J J B1 Sm"ith.. -$. 95 P. TBnckmastcr ... .$ 8o ing onl swanj) lands by private parties, who were Lonlis Land... 3.175 Colemnan & Goddlard 250 to pay $t per acre for the same, twenty per cent. C Horsten...... 1.3540 Rohert Taylor . . s.400 to be paill down the balance when proof of re- MT Walter 591.s S D. Whitmor01e.. 410 clamnation should have been made and accepted. Shook & Walter. 300 NNVS Feicke .. 970 No sooner had the ink dried on the governor's John Shook .. 50 J IT C-mphcbll. 202 signature to the bill than 200,000 acres of Kla- IHenry Vinson .. 3,135 G. B. VanRiper s,82o math soil was filed upon. The bulk of this land James Vinison . .. 965 Joseph Rni;; 4,100 wvas secured by Quincy Ak. Brooks, the author of George S Aliller. . 2,630 Lonisa Boddy 726 the bill, A. J. Burnett, N. Owens and a fexv others. F. Hefling ...... 1,207 S. N H-azen. 357 I-Iat the land thus filed upon been all swamp land George McDonald. 830 C My~ers...... 320 and unfit for cultivation and pastture without re- Thornas Wilson 3,973 John F Fillkinson 3894 clamiation, there would not have been the set-back Asa A. Horrow 313 Mtattlicw Keweni.. 88,; to settlement which resulted. But much of the N. S. Goodloxv 480 Byhee & Colwell. . 2.73~6 soil thus taken was "sxvamp land" only in the J. Haywood ...... 3 70 .\rthor ILangell . . 9,2J0 mintls of the laud grabbers. Some of this land S. Nelson...... 723 J Langell...... 3500 had already been settled upon by homeseekers. Simpson Wilson 68o L.. Tliatt...... 394 )thers came and began to till the soil and raise N. Fisher ...... AMlbert Aiodie ... 00o stock on the lands which were high and dry. Williamn Lockie. .. .~_~ 1'l11 SHall...... 1.790 Then ensued a long, tediotis campaign on the J. Bnckmiaster ... iSo 1 N Shook .... 2,1T12 Ilart of the land grabbers to secure titles from the E. Kilgore ...... 8IT T). P Shook .... state. Thiey were successful ; then began the D. C Kilgore .. 200 \ Shook ...... 200 contest between the settlers who had taken claims James; .. Kilgore 350 W~illiam Roberts. 3. 9 antI the state wlaieh had given axvav the lands to M. Hartley...... 710 WV It. Horton . s64o the land grabbers. The restilt was extended liti- S. W. Kilgore . . 350o I P Chsandler.... 868 .-ation. the -state attempting to wrest from the set- H 'White ...... 3.203~ 1. At M~c\hartonl 298 tlers the lands upon which the)' were building honses. It was not a contest between the land It is tndlotsbtedlly true that the settlement of grlabbcrs antl the settlers, but the responsibility -the Klamathi country, during the 70's and So's was awl expeiise of dloiiig this was placed upon the ,greatly retarded by, land grabbers, colloquially shoulders of the state. The land grabbers were known as "swamp angels." In mnany instances- emllloved b- the state to prosecute the eases. M\,ost far too nsany-they forced settlers to leave the of the settlers gave uip in despair and moved to cotintry antI, by their high-bawled and presumnp- othier plarts of the countrv. They had tilled the ttiotiss attemlpts; to secure possession of too mutch s;oil anld eng-aged in tile stock business, trving to HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 9693 build themselves homes. Intending settlers present were in favor of such division. A resolution steered clear of the country where such strife was also passed requesting the secretary to furnish a was going on and where they were led to believe copy of their proceedings to the Ashland Tildings for the titles to all lands was clouded. The few who publbcation. fought for their rights to a finish-some fourteen or fifteen in Klamath county-won their cases in ;Quite naturally the people of the eastern side every instance. But the litigation produced a de- of Lake countv objected to the dismemberment of leterious effect on the country and retarded its their couiit!-. Still, this opposition was by no growth as did no other cause. means intense or bitter. They were weilling to al- Those who have read the preceding chapters low the slicing of their county provided "the of this volume have learned of the various county western end had taxable property enough to sup- formations of Oregon. For the benefit of those port a county- organization." and they argued that who have not it may he well to state that in 1854 this was not tile case. all that portion of ( )regon between the Cascade The caml)aign of the "west-enders" was anti Rocky mountainls was formed into WN~asco va-ged spiritedly throughout the spring and sum- county, with the seat of government at The Dalles. ner oft882. During the months of July and Au- \ little later the present counties of Lake and gust a petition to the legislature was circulated Kliamath became a part of Jackson county. Then asking for the cutting off of the Klamatll basin, ill 1874 that part of Jackson county east of the Langell and Sprague river valleys, to form the Cascades comprising the present counties of Lake newv county. This petition was liberally signed anti Klamath, was formed into Lake couintv, with and found its way to the legislative halls. The Linkville as the county seat, the seat of govern- bill was introduced by E. C. Mason, a resident of inent txvo vears later being removed to Lakeview. Goose Lake valley, and in due time passed both The next count\ remodelin-g was the creation of hotises andl was signed by the governor Oc- Klamath coumt- from the western portion of Lake tober 17th. county; this brings us Up to 1882. The population of Klamath couinty at the time Klamath is a name of aboriginal origin, and of its organization was, probably, about 700 or is the name of a tribe of Indians which has occu- Boo. At the general election held in June, 1882, pied the country since and before the advent of the precincts of Lake, which were afterward white men. The Inlian name. besides the now foruled into IKlamath county, polled 258 votes. A authentic spelling, has been spelled Clamet, Kla- proper multiple to be used for that period in de- met, Tlemath and Tlamatl. terminlg population from the voting strength was Agitation for the formation of a new county not over thlree, which would give the proposed from the western portion of Lake, began before new couniltx a poiiulation about as stated. Fol- the i88o session of the legislature. 'The mlloving lowiing is the IKlamath couintv enabling act: of the count- seat to Lakeview in 1876 had the effect of making a division desirable so sooti as Be it enacted liv the legislativc Asseml)ly of the theJpoptilation would warrant it. Although sole State of Oregon though1t the tiie, had arrived in T880, the effort Section s. That ill that portion of the State of along this hue was not united and the matter was Oregon embraced within the following boundary lines not brought before the legislature that session. be, and the same is hereby created and organized into lBut in the wvinter of t88i and 1882 a united effort a separate count- bv the namne of Klamath, to-wit: Be- was put forth and continued until Klamath ginning on the south botindary line of the State of Ore- countv was created in the fall of 1882. Mass gon at its intersection with the line between ranges meetings were hleld at various points in the west- No l5 and i6 east; thence due north to the south line ern part of Lake count-v to obtain the sentiment of township number 32 south: theice iduewest to the of the people and to tlevise mieans to carrv their line between ranges No Ts and T2 east: thence due desires to a successful termination. Followving north to the south line of town-sip No 22 south, being are the iproceedielgs of one of these meetings as the south boundary of Wasco counilty; thence clue reported by the Ashlalnd Tidings of Dcember T6, west to the summit of the Cascade mountains; thence 1881: qotitlerly along said csummit to its intersection with the line between ranges No 4 anld 5 east; thence clue Purs;uant to notice meeting was; called to order at south on said range line to the south boundary line of 2 o'clock p. in., P Price being chosen chairman anid the State of Oregon, and thence cast along said bouridiary iT. J. Goodwy-n. secretary After a somewhat leingtiy hine to the place of hcginininlg discussion of tile bridge question, the propriety of divid- Scc. 2 The territory embraced within said ing Lake county and forming a newr county w as iil- boundarv lines shall constitute a county for all civil initted to a vote, when it was determined that all and military purposes, and shall be subject to the 970 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON same laws and restrictions and be entitled to the same Sec. 8. The county of Klamath is hereby attached rights and privileges as other counties of the state. to the first judicial district for judicial purposes, and Sec. 3. The county seat of Klamath county is the terms of the circuit court of said county shall hereby located at the town of Linkville, in said county, commence on the third Monday in May and the fourth until otherwise located, as provided in this act, and Monday in August in each year. the county court of Klamath county shall not expend Sec. 9. The first term of the county court of any of the funds of said county for the erection or Klamath county shall commence otl the second Monday construction of county buildings until after the first of after this act becomes a law, and thereafter the regular July, A. D., 1884. sessions of said court shall commence on the first Sec. 4. The county clerk of Lake county shall, Mondays of March, June, September and December within thirty days after this act becomes a law, make of each year. out and deliver to the county clerk of Klamath county Sec. Io. It shall be the duty of the Governor, so a certified transcript of all deeds or other records per- soon as convenient after this act becomes a law, to taining to real estate in Klamath county, or to any appoint for Klamath county, from among her resident right, title or interest therein, together with a transcript citizens, the several county officers allowed by law to of all liens and mortgages upon real or personal prop- said county, which said officers, after duly qualifying erty in said Klamath county, which said transcript when according to law, shall hold their respective offices until filed in the office of the county clerk of Klamath county their successors are duly elected and qualified as pro- shall have the same effect as original records of the vided by law. county; and the expense of making said transcript Sec. iI. Until otherwise provided by law the county shall be paid by Klamath county. judge of Klamath county shall receive an annual salary Sec. 5. It shall be the duty of the county clerk of two hundred and fifty dollars, and the county treasurer of Lake county to make out and deliver to the county an annual salary of one hundred dollars. clerk of Klamath county, within thirty days after this Sec. 12 At the firt general election after this act act shall have gone into operation, a transcript of all becomes a law the question of permanently locating taxes assessed upon persons and property within said the county seat of Klamath county shall be submitted Klamath county, and which shall remain unpaid on to the legal voters of said county, and the place which the day that this act shall become a law, and said taxes shall receive a majority of all the votes cast at said shall be paid to the proper officers of Klamath county. election shall be the permanent county seat of said Sec. 6. It shall be the duty of the county judges county. of Lake and Klamath counties to ascertain the amount Sec. T3. As the citizens living within the boundaries of indebtedness of Lake county on the day that this of the proposed county of Klamath labor under a great act becomes a law; from this indebtedness shall be de- inconvenience in the transaction of necessary business ducted the value of the county buildings of Lake at their present county seat (Lakeview), this act shall county, as estimated by said county judges; also the take effect and be in force from and after its approval amount of all state taxes assessed in Lake county and by the Governor. remaining unpaid, together with all money then remain- Approved October 17, I882. ing in the hands of the county treasurer of Lake 'county, school funds excepted. Two-fifthis of the remainder Monday, November 6, 1882, the official, ma-- is hereby fixed as Klamath county's proportionate share chinerv of Klamath county was set in motion. of said county indebtedness, and when said propor- On that (late, in the little town of Linkville, the tionate share shall be ascertained as aforesaid, the same comilmissioners' coturt convened for the first time shall he paid without delay to Lake county out of the and formally- or--inized the county governnaent. treasury of Klamath county. And it is hereby made At this meeting there were preseiat Hon. WN.S. the duty of the county treasurer of Lake county, within MIoore, county jtudge: Stephen Stukel and 0. T. thirty days after this act becomes a law, to pay over Brown, commnissioners; Charles Putnam, sheriff, to the county treasurer of Klamath county, upon the and W. C. Hale, clerk. The business transacted' order of the school superintendent of said county, all at this initial assemiblv was the approval of the school funds then in his charge belonging to the several bonuls of the several county officers; the mnaking school districts in Klamath county. of arrangement;t for county records and the ap- Sec. 7. The counties of Klamath and Lake shall pointment of precinct officers. constitute one representative district, and the legal The first assessment of Klamath county, voters of said district shall be entitled to elect jointly T88,, disclosed the fact that the taxable property one representative to the legislative assembly of this in the new political division was $499,013. The state; and the counties of Lake, Klamath and Wasco first tax levy was as follows: Countv purposes, shall constitute one senatorial district, and the legal TO12 mills: state, 1,; school, 4: total 20 mills. voters of said district shall be entitled to elect jointly The countv court found it necessary to raise. one senator to the legislative assemibly of this state $5,800 tipon the assessment roll of i884. The HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 97I amount of taxable property was $56i,536. The math county. According to the Oregon state cen- levy was: County purposes, IO 4-10 mills; state, sus of that year the population of the county \Xas 5 5-Io mills; school, 4 mills ; state university tax, 1,222. The Klamath Weekly Star claimed that I-io mill. Total, 20 mills. the population was double what it had been the The new county began its career in poverty. year before, as was the actual wealth of the At first no effort was made to provide county count-. This was, probably, an exao-eration but buildings; nothing very elaborate was required. wonderful advancement had been made. The Whenever the countY officials had need of a tem- assessed valuation for the year was $630,915. The porary office they generally found a way to pro- entire indebtedness of the county on July 3, of vide the same without cost to the county. Finally, that year, was $4,774.76. however, a court building became an actual neces- The first header for Klamath county, owned sity. July 8, i884, a structure for this purpose by Naylor & Townley, made its appearance in was leased from G. W. Smith for $20 per month. i885, and its advent mae be nio'ted as a new era There was a steadily increasing demand for a jail. for this country. While it was standing in the In August of the same year the county purchased streets of Linkville it brought fresh to memory of W. J. Nichols lots 3 and 4 of block 23, for the earlier days of California and the first one $200. A contract was let to Paul Breitstein to that was brought to that state, and that, too, erect a jail building at a cost of $8oo; before the when it was by many thought doubtful whether close of the year the county had provided a cage the growing of grain in northern California could for its jail birds. be made a success. While immigrants were settling-in some other The taxable property for i886 was $709,236, portions of Oregon quite rapidly during the early and this was increased the year followN ing to '80s, Klamath county being so remote from $i,oi5,559, showing that the country was rapidly transportation and trade centers, was overlooked. developing. The Star of M\iay 13, i887, said: There was, practically, no increase of population "The assessed value of property in the county tup to 1884: in tact there was no immigration today will more than double that of 1884. The up to that time. Beginning that year, however, acreage seeded to grain this season will, also, settlers began to come in and locate within the double that of any previous year in the county. boundaries of the new county. Even so late as Today we see our valleys dotted here and there 1884 when there was quite a settlement in the with comfortable homes, decorated \ith green county, there were few who considered the lo- fields of growing grain. The mighty lakes and cality capable of producing crops, mainly on ac- rivers, by the hand of industry, have been made count of frosts. This year, however, quite a to contribute to the dry sage brush plains a con- number sowed crops and Thomas Martin erected tinuous stream of water converting them into a grist mill on Link river, just above Linkville, ever green meadows for the benefit of man." the first one in the county and a pronounced suc- In September, I887, the county court pur- cess. chased grounds in Linkville, and decided to erect V nile irrigation projects in Klamath county a court house at a cost not to exceed $7,5oo. The are now working wonders in the development of lots were bought of Mrs. Lizzie Brooks for $500; this section, it is not a new undertakin-. In 1884 bids were solicited for the erection of the building William Steel came to the Klamath country from at a cost within the amount above stated. At the Reno, Nevada, and undertook to irrigate a large session of November 25th the contract for this tract of land. He bought for himself and son-in- building was let to W. S. Moore & Company for law, George W. Wilson, several hundred acres of the sum of $3,500. County Judge G. W. Smith land, secured a right of way and built an irriga- strenuously objected to the action of the county tion ditch. taking water from Big Klamath lake. court at this time. Upon the commissioners' This enterprise brought many settlers and land journal of 'November 2ith appears the following: which could be supplied from this ditch at once "C. WV. Smith, county judge of Klamath increased in value from $1.25 to $Io per acre. county, hereby refuses to take any part in letting Others undertook like enterprises. Vanbrimer a contract to build a court house for Klamath Brothers expended thousands of dollars in bring- county under either of the bids or specifications ing water from Little Klamath lake for a like pur- now on file and being considered by the commis- pose, reclaiming quite a scope of otherwise value- sioners, as he does not believe either reaches the less land. The latter enterprise was incorporated wants of this county or is agreeable to the tax- in January, I886, as the Little Klamath Water payers to build such a structure as is represented Ditch Company. by either bid : and in signing the journal of this The year 1885 was a prosperous one for Kla. day's proceedings I wish it distinctly understoodd -7 972 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. that I object to any order going on the journal tc I895, by the Oregon state census, was 2,3i8, a let said contract. decrease from the census of five years previous. ( Signed.) "G. W. SMITH, In I896 the total taxable property listed was "County Judge." $i .589,440, but in 1897 this had decreased to Notwithstanding this protest the other com- $X.496,822. In i898 it had gained to $I,529,398. missioners let the contract. The building was Emerging from the "hard times" period Kla- erected and occupied July 2, i888. It is the same math county once more came to the front as one building now in use for county purposes. While of the leading interior counties of Oregon, and it answered all purposes during those early days prospects appeared to favor the possibility of it has now outgrown its usefulness and is today a her no longer being an interior county. Early in disgrace to the rich county of Klamath whose November, i899, the Oregon Midland Railroad people generally take great pride in their public Company was formed to build a railroad from buildings. It is a question of only a short time Klamath Falls to a point on the Southern Pacific when the county's capital building will be one to at, or near, Klamathon, California, a distance of which its citizens can point with some satisfaction. about sixty miles. The incorporators were George The gross property value of the county ac- T. Baldwin and R. S. M\Ioore, of Klamath county; cording to the assessment roll of i888 was David Horn, of Ž,skiyou county, California, and $1,392,929. The net taxable property valuation L. W. Van Horn, W. J. Woods and J. A. McCall, was $988,566. of Jackson count'. The capital stock was fixed at The contract for a new jail building was let $r ooo,ooo, divided into io,ooo shares of $ioo M\arch 8, i889, to L. Biehn for $3,500. This was each. Preparations were at once made to build erected upon the same grounds on which the the road; surveyors were placed in the field and court house stands. September 5th. the jail build- for several months worked on1 the proposed line. ing was accepted. The population of Klamath Nothing, however, eventuated. county according to the United States census of During the year i899 the price of real estate i890 was 2,444. Of all the counties of Oregon advanced fully ioo per cent. More transfers of only two, Sherman and Curry, had less popula- property were made this season than in any other tion;. This was an increase of over ioo per cent. year since 1891. During 1899 there were erected over the population of i885-doubling in five in Klamath county in all 52 dwellings, 23 barns years. The total assessed property in i891 was and i6 stores, with a total valuation of $64,050. $i,i86,635; in 1892 this was reduced to For this year the total taxable property was $1,080,323. $1,483,443. During i892 an effort was made to secure a According to the census of i900 the popula- railroad through Klamath county. Considerable tion of Klamath county was 3,970. During the interest was aroused; the people as an inducement previous ten years the county had gained 1,526 offered a fair bonus in land to the proposed rail- people, an increase of 62 per cent. For the entire way company. It was announced that the South- state of Oregon the gain had been only 31 per ern Pacific Railway Company offered to build a cent. Klamath had eclipsed all neighboring road to be finished by December, i893, for $ioo,- counties; Crook had gained 746; Harney, 37 and ooo in land and cash. April 29, i892, there had Lake 243. Jackson county gained about 17 per been collected $10,I53, in cash, and 2,497 acres of cent. Following is a comparison by precincts; land. But the railway company abandoned the project; the money and lands were returned to the Precincts. 1900 1890 donors. In truth the people of the county were Dairy ...... 221 231 unable to raise the large suim demanded. Other Klamath Lake ...... 52 59 railway projects subsequently resulted in failure. Langell Valley ...... 9 Then followed the "hard times" prevailing Lo4t River ...... I87 363 generally throughout the country between 1893 Lakeville ...... 852 787 andl 1897. The growth and prosperity that had Plevia ...... 239 prevailed during the preceding nine years was S1now ...... TS33.. 340 checked. Practically the county was at a stand- Poe Valley ...... 6 T41 still and in common with the rest of the United Tile Lake ...... 336 T94 States waited for the unfolding of the silver lin- Sprague River ...... T45 T19 ing withain the cloud. Wood River ...... 278 2T0 In 1893 the total valuation of property was Klamath Indian Reservation ...... TT.36 $1,476,393. In 1894 this was increased to $1,558,709. The population of the county in 3,970 2,444 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 973 corner of the county. This road The population in i901 was estilnateti at 5,ooo southwestern in May, 1903. Assessed valuation for i901 was $2,299,169, was completed to Pokegama been a most pros- about $8oo,ooo more than in igoo. While the year I902 had one for the county of Klamath, t903 com- In ibot a correspon(lent of the Portland Orc- perous it. Day by day increased the o-oiiiai wrote of Klamath county conditions as pletelv distanced numuber on the ground. New stage lines were follows added and the old ones increased their equipment. the hotels of the sev- Klam ath coo 1 \ in e viioylliga growth in improve- Filled to overflowingg were b11elit Uinprece(lented in its historv. The Influx of new eral towns. Various were the causes which pro- settlers was never so great. Of late all stages coming duttcetl this rush. Some came to secure the little ; others here, besides many private conveyances, have been loaded government timber land that remained in with hoomeseekers. timber ineii and others ill quest of sought investments and business opportunities different investments * * * The rtish for timber the towns. The total value of taxable property has begun. Dozens are alreatv in the woods, sonie to in 1903 was $2,756,690. locate new claims and others to inspect large tracts In the spring 1904 the Klamath Canal Coin- owned by individuals for eastern buyers Reliable in- pa1\1 began operations, utndertaking to irrigate formation states that hundreds of people, hitherto quietly an extensive tract of land with water taken from waiting on the outside for the snows to disappear from 'lpper Klamath lake. This company was incor- the moiuntains, will soon augment the scramble for lporate(l in San Benito county, California, May Klamath county pine. Tile growing demand has ad- i6, 1904. The capital stock was $i,000,000. vanced the price somewhat. Tile spirit of improvement W'illiam K. Brown was the attorney in fact and is rife everywhere in the county The most important general agent. Tile officers were Charles N. is that of enlarging irrilgatinig canals and building new Hiawkiils. president: Pauil F. Brown. vice presi- ones Tile pay-roll of the Klamath Falls Irrigation dent : John Peterson. secretary ; Bank of Hollis- Company. whose canal is being widened. is $i,ooo per ter. California, treasurer. The directors were week. Work is progressing on two ditches near Illy Paul F. Brown, Charles N. Hawkins, Frank E. and there is assurance of two more in tile viciniity of Shore, 'I'homnas S. Hawkins, Nash C. Briggs,. Bonanza this season Stirveys are in progress for the all of Hollister, California. In the spring of i905 proposed irrigating ditchies for Klamiath reservation. arrangements were ma(le for a sale of this plant Preparations are being made for the tuildinlg of electric to the government, as was the case of the other light, water works and sewerage systems for the agency, two large irrigating projects. appropriations for wviichl were made at the late session This irrigation scheme of the government's, of congress. Work of construction will begin soon involving a contemplated outlay of $4,400,000, is and be pushed as rapidly ai possible destined to work wonders for the Klamath cotin- trv. During the past sunimer ( 1904) govern- The vear 10)02 was another era of prosperity menlt engineers were in the field and it was esti- for Kilamath cotintv. "Times were good : the mated bv them that the amount of land to be re- only complaint voiced was that there was more claimed will be in the vicinity of 320,000 acres. work to be done than coult he accotuplisheti by Nearly all of this land is of the best quality and the limited number of laborers. Mlonev was plen- well adapted to the growing of grain, alfalfa, tiful anti good wages prevailed. In various ent- potatoes and all varieties of vegetables. terprises was capital invested. Hutndreds of mnc This is, probably, the cheapest and greatest and(l won1en. dtltring- this year, went into the nmoun- irrigation enterprise undertaken by the govern- tains between Klamnath and Goose lakes to take ment in the west. In the Klamath basin it is up yellow pitiC timber land tinder the timber and rapidly assuming substantial form. The people stone act. of the region are thorotighly enthused over the -November 13, Igor. work was begutn on the project and all conflicting elements have been only railroad which so far penetrated Klarnath swelpt away with the purchase of private inter- county. This road was built bv those interested ests in other canal projects. T. H. Humphries in the Pokeegama Lumber Company . The Offi- is the engineer in charge of the work. Mir. Hol- cers of the road who were also memhers of the gate represents the legal department of the gov- above namedl company, were George Mason, ernment in all its proceedings. These gentle- president; Hervey Lindley. vice-president, and men have been to California where they asked general manager: J. E. Coffin secretary and Dean that state to cede to the government all its unsold Mason, treasurer. This line was named the swamp land in the basin. The same request Klamath Lake Railroad, and was built from was made to the Oregon legislature and granted. Thrall, California, to Pokegama. in the extreme Before the government drains the lakes and' F= -- -1--.1-- - -- I I 1- - - , .974 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. marshes contemplated in a portion of the tract vicling a basin that wvill impound 2000ooo feet it wants title placed with it so that the land may of water. Its drainage basin is also ample to be sold as homestead as soon as the work is com- furnish this volume .A canal fifteen miles long plete. The state of Oregon holds title proper will distribute the water from this reservoir, it under the old swamp land act. The tule lands reaching the east side of the Lost river valley, adjacent to the lakes have already been sold to and the Clear lake canal on the west side of the private interests, and now all of these acquiesce same valley. These two canals will water three in the government plan. areas, known as Langell valley, of i5,ooo acres; Upper Klamath lake will be used as an im- Alkali valle-, of 20.000 acres an(l Swan lake mense storage reservoir for which its situation valley of 30oooo acres. The government experts is admirable. Two other lake beds will be util- estimate that the two reservoirs will be equal to ized for storage reservoirs for which there will this task, with a marain of water to spare. have to be dcams, but this work will be at a low A channel will be taken out of Link river im- figure as the sites are wvell adapted to the pur- nmediately below its origin in Upper Klamath lake. pose. Upper Klamath lake is at an altitude of This ditch will have a length of 40 miles and 4,142 feet above sea level. It has an area of water an area of 6o,ooo acres in what is known as 65,ooo acres, and there is marsh and tule land Klamath River valley: To,ooo acres north of Tule at the head covering 75,ooo acres. This vast lake, 50,ooo acres in Tule lake basin and 84,000 swamp is remarkably level, and by lowering the acres in the loxver Klamath lake hasin. The water level of the lake three feet the swamp will be that can be controlled in the upper lake is good drained sufficiently for agriculture. When the for 6oo,ooo acres, so that this canal when made 75,ooo acres of marsh is drained it will be irri- sufficiently large, will be ample to fructify the gated, from Sprague and a sister river, which entire region indicated. havesuifficient volume to irrigate all of this land The secondary reclamation scheme mentioned and fill the great lakes for the irrigation work which is not conected with the main project out- in lands below. lined, is in the Butte Creek valley, where 25,000 Lower Klamath lake covers 84,ooo acres, acres of good land are found. The engineers the water being of but one to twelve feet in believe that Klamath river mnav be made to pumpl) depth. Tule, sometimes known as Rhett, lake and sufficient water to irrigate half of this tract, lift- situated near Lower Klamath, has an area of ing the flow i5o feet, and that storage reservoirs 94,ooo acres, wvith a depthl of from ten to twenty- mav be constructed so as to irrigate the other five feet. Clear lake is within six or seven miles half. However, this enterprise is not to be of Tule lake. Lost river running out of the for- pressed until the other larger work is finished. mer, circulates about ioo miles through tlh The canal begins from Link river, near the country and returning to Tule lake keeps it re- head, and is to tap the upper lake half a mile east plenished. Lower Klamath is but 56 feet less of Klamath Falls. Since the government entered altitude than upper lake. The river running the field the people who have made contracts with through the valley near Lower Klamath has cut the private canal coml)anies seek to have them a channel i6 feet deep, and at Keno there is a fall release them and many who had signed with of 50 feet in a mile. The government purposes these companies have signed with the govern- cutting a channel from Keno down until the falls ment. are destroyed, giving 12 to I5 feet drainage for During the summer of 1904 there was an- Lower Klamath lake, which will leave that basin other stir in railroad circles, and it is still quite entirely dry. The water of Clear lake will be a live issue. In June, 1904, it was announced reservoired and then used for irrigation, the that the "Weed" railroad was to be constructed waste being diverted so that it does not reach to Klamath Falls. At this time the road was the Tule lake basin, and by the natural process being built in the direction of Klaniath county, of evaporation it will soon become dry. in California, bv the Weed Lumber & Railroad I Drainage will be built to expedite this process Company, the personnel of which was: Abner if necessary. Clear lake will be restrained with a Weed. president; B. F. Brooks, secretary: G. H. dam 30 feet high. This basin will be made to im- Wendling, San Francisco, G. E. Bittinger, Los pound 5oo,ooo acre feet of water which will be Angeles; E. S. Moulton, Riverside; M\r. Martin distributed bv a canal fortv miles long. The and others, directors. watershed for Clear lake comprises about 400 For some time there was much speculation square miles, and will be ample to store it during concerning this enterprise. Surveyors were in the wet season. Another basin is near Clear lake, the field. Early in Jantuary, 1905, a definite prop- known as Horse Fly valley. A dam 70 feet high osition was snbmnittedl by the owners of the Weed will be built across one end of this valley, pro- road. They agreed to have a road built into i HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 975 Klamath Falls, from Weed, California, by M\Iarch erty in the county for the past year (1905) is 3I, I907, providing the people of Klamath tie greatest in its history. It has reached a county would secure a right of way from the total of $3,163,955, above a valuation in 1904 of California line, in addition to a bonns of $i00,000 $2,755,690, or an actual gain of $506,965. The to be paid upon the completion of the road. The financial condition of the county is excellent. It citizens of the county at once became active and probably ranks with the best in the state. While set to work to meet those requirements. In the it is nearly four vears behind with its warrants, summer of i905 the $ioo,ooo was raised, all be- vet it has the fuil confidence of the commercial ing subscribed in Klamath county with the ex- world, for its largest warrants, when they can be ception of $i5,ooo raised by San Francisco peo- obtained, are selling at a premium immediately ple. This indicates that this road is a cer- upon issuance. tainty. And now we bring to a close the history of While the attention of the people of Klamath Klamath, the favored county of Oregon. In countv is riveted to the building of the Weed the earlier days it was the dreaded Mlodoc coun- railroad and the irrigation project. there is an- trvy now it is the county of happy homes. Where other enterprise that will prove of great benefit once resounded the blood-curdling war-whoop of to the county. This is the proposed road to savage Indians, now live a contented people at Crater Lake by the Medford & Crater Lake peace with all the world. And yet this county Railway Company. The first sod in the construc- is but in its infancy. Could we be permitted to tion of this road was turned early in April, go95. read a history of Klamath county from i905 to At present the plans are to build into the timber I950, what wonders would be revealed. But belt west of the mountains, but in time it will it is quite certain that it would be a record of be extended into the Klamath county. peace and prosperity; not of war and pioneer The increase in valuation of assessable prop- hardships. CHAPTER VI CITIES AND TOWNS. Within the boundaries of Klamath county stores, sawmills, etc. There are nineteen post- there is only one town that has reached a stage offices in the county as follows: Bedfield, Bly, which may be termed "important." This is Kla- Bonanza, Dairy, Forest, Fort Klamath, Keno, math Falls, the county seat, a town of iIoo or Klamath Agency, Klamath Falls, Langell's Val- I,200 people. It is the trading center of a large ley, Lorella, Merrill, Odell, Olene, Pelican, Poke- territory; it is rapidly becoming one of the prin- gama, Royston, Vistillas and Yainax. towns of southern Oregon. cipal KLAIfATII FALLS. Two other towns in the county have won their way to municipal government and have been The capital of Klamath county lies in the granted charters by the legislature. These are great Klamath basin at the mouth of Link river, Merrill and Bonanza and rank second and third near which point the extensive irrigation canal in importance. Besides these three mentioned will receive its water to irrigate 300,000 acres are the villages of Fort Klamath, Keno and lying in Klamath couniIty and northern California. Dairy, each eligibly located and surrounded by It is situated on Lake Ewauna, which in Indian rich farming sections and a country abundant lore means "Elbow," the lake at this point assum- with resources. With the general advancement ing that form. Sheltered on the north by a low of the countv these are keeping pace. Each has range of mountains it is seldom extremely cold a good school and a few business houses to supply here in winter; the breeze from many surround- the immediate wants of the people in the vicinity. ing lakes contribute to make it a delightful place Aside from the points mentioned are a number in summer, The elevation of the town is 4,169 of country postoffices near some of which are feet above sea level. - - - - , z-, - 976 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. Klamath Falls was originally called Link, river, at the point where it broadens into the ville, and it is as Linkville that the greater por- Little Ewaulia Lake. Securing a "permit" from tion of this history will treat it. Although the the governmnenit in the spring of 1867 he ran a town is an old one it has but recently put on a new ferry across Link river, now spamnned by the coun- appearance and is now forging rapidly to the ty bridge, at the foot of MXain street. This work front. Adjacent to the town are a number of was done under the supervision of AIr. Edgar hot springs famed for high temperature and me(li- Overton and was begutn in March. Nelson Ste- cinal qualities. While at present Klamath Falls vensoln, a carpenter. (lid most of the work in has an electric light plant and water system, thev building the ferry boat. are to be greatly enlarged and improved to meet Under the direction of Overton, who appears the demands of a growing city. The town has to have been interested Avith Mr. Nurse in his one of the best equipped telephone systems in the adventures, lumber was rafted down from the interior. At present Klamath Falls is 33 miles fort that summer, and the pioneer building in from the nearest railway point which place is L-inkville, a little box lumber cabin was coii- reached by stage. The present route to Klamath structed. It was built on a rocky point on the Falls is via the Southern Pacific Railwav to river's bank, the site of the Brick Store Com- Thrall, in northern California, thence by the pany's building- AbouLt the same time, or pos- Klamath Lake Railwav to Pokegamna, and thence sibly a little later, a second cabin was put up just by stage. There are also dailv stage lines from across the stret where the Lakeside Inn is now Klamath Falls to iterrill, Fort Klamath, Lake- located. Into this building Ml\r. Nurse moved view and all intermediate points. The Lakeview the remnants of his sutler's store and opened a line passes through Dairy, Bonanza and Bly. The business whichi he conducted utntil 1883. Al- Methodists and Presbvterians each have substan- though Mr. Nurse has always been given credit tial edifices at Klamathi Falls and large member- for founding the town there was associated with ships. The Catholics are preparing to build a him in nearly all his enterprises Mar. Alexander church and school. Fraternal societies are rep- M1iller. Mr. Miller had been his old time part- resented by the Masons, Odd Fellows, K. of P., ner in the sutler business, and when the changc A. 0. U. W. and W. 0. W. was ila(le to Linkville, 'Mr. Miller was, also, a The pioneer selected this spot by instinict and partner in the venture, although all the business experience as the natural trade center of this re- was transacted in Nurse's name. gion on account of its striking location and here Of all the frontier stores established in Ore- pitched his tent. In later years the keener busi- gon this was, unldoubtedly, the most picturesque ness man and close observer cast his lot here and primitive. The "trade" at first was almost willing to bide his time. One bright, sunny after- exclusively with Tildianls: the ''stock" carried noon in the year i858 a solitary individual might consisted largely of articles that appealed to the have been seen winding his way up the steep natives. These were exchanged for furs. Grad- mountain side fringing the town on the west. On ually, however, as settlers flocked into the coun- gaining the summit he accumulated two piles of try Nurse added to his stock until in time the brushwood and lighted them almost simutltan- store assumed fair proportions and "Uncle eously. Two columns of smoke rose in the air- George's store" became a distributing point for a the signal for barter-which met an almost im- large territory. The lan 1 upon which Mr. Nurse mediate response from the Lost river hills. In built Ilis store, and that adjacent thereto, he se- less than an hour's time native riders and their cured from the state. His idea from the incep- horses reeking with sweat, had gathered about tion seems to have been to found a future M\/lart Frain-pre-emilnentlv the first white trader town at this spot, as be at once platted the site to visit the present townsite of Klamath Falls. and placed lots on the "market." This early plat- Linkville, Klamath county's first town, was ting, however. was verV informal and never ie- founded in i867. George Nurse, its founder, had corded. Later, in T878. the townsite was re- had for some time previously business relations platted and recorded the original plat was de- with the troops at Fort Klaniathi. Ever since the es- clared void. tablishment of this post he had had dealings there, Appropriately enough the town was named being post sutler, carrying a small stock of goods L-inkville by Nurse because of its location on Link to sell to the soldiers and trinkets for the Indians. river, the stream which connects Upper Klamath Here he remained for some time, but at last de- lake with Lake Ewanna. Thus came into exist- termined to leave the fort and establish himself ence the future metropolis of the Klamath coun- at another point in the Klamath country. The try. During the four years following the estab- location he selected was the site of the present lishment of the store a few other buildings were town of Klamath Falls, on the east bank of Link erected. On nearly all of these the carpentry I Kl amatha Falls, County Seat of Klamath County HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 977 was done by 0. A. Stearns and William Angle. and as a result a few more business houses were In i868 or 1869 a saloon for James Barclay and a added to the town during the next few years. blacksmith shop for a Mr. Coultos were built. In Among other enterprises was the establishment 1869 a carpenter's shop was put up by Nelson of a hardware store by George T. Baldwin, who Stevenson and a residence by James Barclav. brought in a stock of goods in 1875. Mr. Bald- This same year the ferry was replaced by a win still conducts the business here and his is thet wooden bridge across Link river. It was built oldest commercial establishment in Klamath by George Nurse at a cost of $I,200 or $i,500. Falls. Although the Linkville townsite had been-. .lns structure served until the bridge that now platted previously by George Nurse it was not spans the river was erected by the county in the until February 26, I878, that an official plat was middle '8os. In i869 or the year following, two made, the former platting not having been made. cabins were erected on the xvest side of the river according to law. The true plat was recorded in for Dave Durvall and another party. This was the office of the clerk of Lake county January 27, the beginning of West Klamath Falls. The Link- 1679. The townsite comprised 40 blocks, extend- ville postoffice was established in I872. George ing from Link river to Ninth street, east and Nurse was the postmaster for 12 years. As west, and from High to Klamath street, north stated in a previous chapter in the spring of this and south. Following is the acknowledgei-ent ylear a contract for carrying the mail from Ash- made by George Nurse February 26, I878: iand to Lake City, California, via Linkville, was let-the first mail facilities that Klamath county This is to certify that I, George Nurse, am the had secured. In the fall of 1872 the United original owner and proprietor of the land on which States land office was located at Linkville, quite the town of Linkville, Lake county, Oregon, has been an event in the history of the little town. George laid out; that said town is situated on section 32, town- Nurse was appointed receiver but did not qualify. ship 38, south of range 9, east of the Willamette The receiver and register who opened the office Meridian, and that the above is a correct plat of said were George W. Conn and Judson S. Small. This town. All former plats of said town made by me are office remained at Linkville until I879, when it hereby revoked and cancelled, the same not having been, was removed to Lakeview. recorded as required by law. Block No 12 is dedicated. Quite slowly grew Linkville during these to common school purposes, and is hereby granted to the days; it was not until 1872 and I873 that its school district in which said block is situated. Wit- name became immortalized in history's pages by ness my hand and seal this 26th day of February, the occurrence of one of the bloodiest Indian wars A. D. 1878. that ever crimsoned the land. At the time of (Signed.) GEORGE NURSE, the outbreak of the MIodoc War, in the fall of Proprietor. i872, Linkville was a town of, possibly, 40 inhab- itants. There were the store and a postoffice, a This acknowledgement was made before J. hotel, a blacksmith shop, a feed stable, and a few W. Hamaker, notary public. West Linkville, on residences all close to the river at the foot of the west side of Link river, was platted by George what is now Main street. Later a drug store Nurse and H. AM. Thatcher. The survey was was added to the business enterprises of the little made July 6, i88o, and the plat was recorded in town. In previous chapters we have told of the the clerk's office at Lakeview on October 2, i8go. war and the part taken by the citizens of Link- Nichols' addition to Linkville was platted by ville. It was from this point that most o tVie W. J. Nichols and Quincy A. Brooks, October 5, war news was sent broadcast throughout the i885. The plat was recorded in the count v length and breadth of the land; the name of clerk's office at Linkville, November 20, I885. Linkville was upon the lips of every one who read Klamath addition to Linkville was platted of the bloody deeds enacted in that short, fierce September 4, 1900, bv Christine I\itirdock, Hiram struggle. Linkville was advertised in blood; the F. Murdock, Charles E. Worden, Emma Wor- most catchy advertising ink in the world. den. J. G. Pierce and Edna F. Pierce. The next event of nmportance in the chro- Fairview addition was platted December 23, nological history of this little frontier town was 1903, by Charles E. \Vorden and A. L. Sargent.. the creation of Lake county in i874, and the East Klamath Falls xvas platted by I. A.. naming of Linkville as the county seat. This Duffy, May 3, 1904. honor she held only two years; the seat of gov- Mountain View addition was platted by erinent being moved to Lakeview as the result Charles E. W~orden, July 20. 1904. of the election of November, 1876. The first addition to Klamath Falls was plat- Following the close of the MAXodoc War the ted by G. H. Woodbury and L. B. Yaden, De- surrounding country became more thickly settled cember 17, 1904. 62 F-- - - i ____ -, I - 978 hISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. Lakeside addition was platted by Paul Breit- Graves were named in the act as inspectors of the enstein, January I7,I905. first election which was held on the first Mon- North Klamath Falls was platted by George day in March. IUnfortunately the early records lliehn, March 9, i905. of the town of Linkville are lost and the names Fairview addition No. 2 was platted by G. W. of those who first served the town in an official White, February 6, i905. capacity cannot be learned. Following are the Shive's addition was platted by W. T. Shive, nanles of the citizens who have served as town April 5,I90o5. officers from i89i to I905, inclusive: By i88o we find Linkville grown to be a town i89i-Trustees: G. W. Smith, C. S. Ser- of 250 people, according to the United States gent, R. W. Marple, A. M. Peterman, Wallace census taken that vear. Two years later we find Baldwin; treasurer, T. F. Miner; recorder D. C. it a county seai, Klamath county having been Brownell. created in 1882, an(l the metropolis named as the 1892-President of council, G. T. Baldwin; capital city. lip to 1884 the growth was slow. trustees, A. M. Peterman, B. F. Van Brimmer, In the year above mentioned two events occurred John W. Siemens; treasurer, Alex. Martin, Jr. which had an influence for good in the little town. recorder, C. L. Parrish. One was the establishment, May ioth, of the coun- 1893-President, A. L. Leavitt; trustees, G. ty's first newspaper, the Kilamath W[Vlely Star. T. Baldwin, J. D. Fountain, C. S. Moore, C. S. The other was the building of the county's first Sergeant; treasurer, W. E. Bowdoin; recorder, grist mill on Link river, just above the town, by C. L. Parrish. T homas Martin. During the succeeding few i894-President, R. WV. 'Marple; trustees, years the town enjoyed a steady growth and there NWallace Baldwin, J. F. Goeller, C. S. i\Ioore, C. was considerable business activity. S. Sergent; treasurer, W. E. Bowdoin; recorder, Linkville's first church, Presbyterian, was C. L. Parrish. erected in 1885, being dedicated November I5 th, i895-President, J. D. Fountain; trustees, Revs. S. Sayers and Robert McLean officiating. Joseph Conger, R. S. Moore, E. R. Reames, B. Its cost was $2,810.79. In the spring of i886 we F. Van Brimmer; treasurer, John W. Siemens; find Linkville's business houses to consist of recorder, C. L. Parrish. seven stores, four saloons, three hotels, three I896-President, WNilliamn M. Shellabarger; blacksmith shops, a brewery, three livery and feed trustees, Wallace Baldwin, John V. Houston, stables, a flouring mill, sawmill, sash and door Henry F. Schallock, A. L. Leavitt; treasurer, factory, harness shop, butcher shop, LT. S. tele- John W. Siemens; recorder, C. L. Parrish. graph office, four doctors, four lawyers and one 1897-President, A. L. Leavitt; trustees, newspaper. In the fall of I886 the Star claimed Wallace Baldwin, J. V. Houston, H. F. Schal- a population of 6oo for Linkville, which was, lock; treasurer, John W. Siemens; recorder, C. probably, an over estimation. Several business L. Parrish. houses were built this vear. The lack of banking 1898-President, A. L. Leavitt; trustees, facilities was a great annoyance to the business Wallace Baldwin, H. Schallock, John V. Hous- men. The cost of building improvements this ton; Joseph G. Pierce; treasurer, John W. Sie- year totaled $35,800. imens; recorder, C. L. Parrish. The growth of Linkville had been so favor- 1899-President, R. W. Marple; trustees, A. able in the past few years that an attempt was D. Carrich, Joseph Conger, Marion Hanks, Wil- made to secure municipal government. In Janu- liamn Terrill; treasurer, J. W. Siemens; record- ary, 1887, a bill was introduced in the Oregon er, C. I.. Parrish. legislature to incorporate the town of Linkville. i900-President, J. G. Pierce; trustees, W. This measure, however, was defeated, and a city WV.Hazen, Otto Diedrich, S. Ed. Martip, H. government was not established until two years F. Schallock; treasurer, John W. Siemens; re- later. At the legislative session of i889 a city corder, C. L. Parrish. charter was granted to Linkville, going into effect i9oi-President, Otto Heidrick; trustees, C. February 25, i889. The last section of the act C. 1\laltby, George Humphrey, A. C. Beals, W. granting municipal government reads: W. Hazen; treasurer, John W. Siemens; re- "Inasmuch as improvements are very much corder, H. W. Keesee. needed in the town of Linkville, and said town is I902-President, J. G. Pierce; trustees, greatly in need of municipal goverilment, this George R. Humrn, A. C. Beals, NWilliam Terrill, act shall take effect and be in force from and J. B. Campbell: treasurer, John W. Siemens; re- after its approval by the Governor." corder, H. F. Schallock. W. S. Moore, W. C. Hale and Charles 1903-President. NV". F. Shives; trustees, A. HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 979 C. Beals, E. B. Henry, Frank Ward, J. B. Camp- "Isa Leskeard, who has been in Portland bell; treasurer, John W. Siemens; recorder, most of the time since last summer, thinks the Fred Schallock. name of this town should be Klamath Falls. I904-President, Alexander Martin, Jr., That name advertises the fact that there are falls trustees, Frank Ward, George R. Hurn, B. St. here, and thus gives the town an advantage fully George Bishop, L. F. Willits; treasurer, John recognized as such by other towns similarly sit- W. Siemens; recorder, C. C. Brower. uated, though provided with names of the falls I905-President, Alexander MIartin, Jr., at which they stand. 'There is' he said, 'a great trustees, L. F. Willits, Frank Ward, B. St. deal in the name of a town situated by a heavy George Bishop, Fred Schallock; treasurer, John cataract,' and we are inclined to think so, too." W. Siemens; recorder, C. C. Brower. In December, i89i, a petition addressed to On the morning of September 6, I889, oc- the first assistant postmaster general was drawn curred Linkville's "big fire," which destroyed up by Attorney NV. C. Hale, of the firm of Cogs- almost the entire business portion of the town well & Hale, setting forth reasons why the pres- and entailed a loss estimated at $5o,ooo. The ent name was objectionable. This petition was commercial houses at that period occupied that placed in the hands of County Surveyor Isa Les- portion of Mlain street extending from the keard, Town Recorder D. C. Brownell and Real bridge to the bend of the street. On the east Estate Agent Robinson, and names solicited. side this was solidly built up as was the greater December i8th the Star said: part of the north side. Both sides of that por- "There is an argument of one or two dry- tion of the street were entirely destroyed. The mouthed old settlers that Linkville is well fire broke out at two o'clock, a. in., the blaze enough known by its present name. But the continuing for two hours. Furiously the citi- more spirited believe that the town is not and zens worked to subdue the flames, but all efforts never will be known by her present name as she were unavailing. The only fire protection af- ought to be." forded by the town was a hand pump, and this The prayer of the petition was granted. The was, practically, worthless against a blaze of first assistant postmaster general sent to Post- such magnitude. Everything was quite dry and master C. H. Withrow the following communi- burned readily. The bridge across Link river cation which was received March i6, i892, and caught fire, and this was the only structure it is self-explanatory: saved. A severe blow to the little town was this fire; insurance was light and rebuilding did not Washington, D C., March It, I 892-Sir: The post- afterward progress rapidly. master general has changed the name of your post- For many years Linkville, and as it was af- office from Linkville to Klamath Falls, in the county terward known, Klamath Falls, supported a of Klamath and state of Oregon. The new name, how- troop of the First Cavalry, Oregon National ever, must not be used until the beginning of the next Guard. This was troop B, and was organized in quarter, nor until you have executed a bond and been 1889. John W. Siemens, formerly a soldier at commissioned under the new name Fort Klamath, was selected captain, which po- Q. G. RATHBONE, sition he held during the life of the organization. First Assistant Postmaster General. At the time agitation for incorporation began there was a disposition among many citizens to ILinkville postoffice officially became Klamath change the name of the town. P Klamath City" Falls April I, 1892. Although the postoffice had was a name proposed and met with popular ap- been known as Klamath Falls since April i, proval. Linkville was not distasteful with the 1892, the incorporated town was still Linkville exception of the diminitive termination. The and remained so until February 7, 1893, when a town was growing; its citizens expected it to new charter was granted the town and its official rapidly increase in size, and considered that a name became Klamath Falls. At the last stroke name with "city" attached to it would be more of 12 on MXonday night, February 6, i893, Link- appropriate than one terminating with "ville." ville ceased to exist except in memory. However, when the bill incorporating the town Klamath Falls was again visited by fire on was passed, "Linkville" was the name used. The the morning of April 8, 1892, when tlie Grand change in name to Klamath Falls was brought Central block, in which was conducted a general about by Isa Leskeard. It was suggested by store, hotel, barber shop and saloon, was burned, him in i891. The first mention of Klamath with a loss of between $20,000 and $30,000. Falls as the name for the town made in print A considerable business portion of the west appeared in the Kalmath County Star of April end of the town was consumed by fire Monday, i0, 189i, as follows: July 2, 1894. The losses were: L- __ -A FE ----- _1"" 980 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. Howe & Parrish, $5,ooo, insurance, $2,800; its population having nearly tripled in the past T. E. Clapp, $4,600; insurance, $3,500; J. D. five years. It will, in all probability, five years Fountain, $3,000, insurance, $1,500; Dunn & from this date, be a city of 5,000 people. A rail- Ammerman, $2.500, insurance $i,5oo; F. E. roadc is coming, right of way through the city Robinson $2,500, insurance, $i,000; Kv Taylor, having been granted; a franchise for a street $200; Troop 1A, $2,000; Athletic Club, $i5o; C. car system has been secured; new enterprises S. Sergent, $6oo, insurance. $6oo; M. H. Dag- are being started on every hand; the town is tak- gett, $X,ooo, insurance, $500. ing on the airs of a city. The business portion A census of the town of Klamath Falls taken of the town is principally built upon one street in April, i895, gave a population of 452. Dur- -a street a mile long and almost solidly built ing 1896 an electric light plant was placed in up. Adjacent to the street and along its whole commission and a svstemi of water works in- length, is the residence part of the town, in stalled. Although the city had not entirely re- which are beautiful homes, surrounded by hand- covered from the business depression incident to some lawns and shade trees. that period several business and residence houses Thirty-eight years ago, in the summer of were erected in i896. During the "hard times' I867, when George Nurse opened his "store" which held the whole country in their grasp at the point of rocks, with his ambition to estab- from 1893 to 1897 Klamath Falls suffered in list a town at this spot, did he imagine that such common with all other towns. Practically, the would be the conditions in 1905? Can we imagine citv was at a standstill; business was dull; en- what Klamath Falls will be forty years hence? terprise stifled and the town simply existed, waiting for the promised better times to come. MERRILL. With the revival of business conditions through- out the country Klamath Falls emerged from its The town of Merrill, on the historic Lost comatose state an(l again resumed its place as river, twenty-two miles southeast of Klamath one of the lively towns of southern Oregon. The Valls claims to be the second town in importance streets were crowded with teams and the stores to the county seat. It is located in a beautiful with people; the general animation to be seen vallev four miles wide and from ten to fifteen on every hand was such as to make the heart miles long. The town was named for N. S. glad and the pocketbook full. Merrill, who laid it out a number of years ago. The year i900 was a prosperous one for The valley is to receive the benefits of govern- Klamath Falls. Good crops were havested, ment irrigation, and its fertile soil will add ma- good health was the rule, and favorable rail- terially to Klamath county's great output. The road prospects (which did not, however, at that site is ideal; its buildings are substantial, and the time materialize) made the town a lively one. surrounding heights, with Mount Shasta's The population this year was 447 according to hoarv head in the distance, combine to present the federal census. During the few years fol- most picturesque and attractive scenery. Merrill lowing conditions were about the same. There has now one flouring mill, a large sawmill, two was no big rush, but the growth was steady large department stores, two hotels, two saloons, brought about by the increasing settlement of two blacksmith shops and a livery stable. The the surrounding countrv. town has no bonded indebtedness, but on the con- Then came the first intimation that the gov- trary is in excellent financial condition. It is, ernment was considering a big undertaking for with justice that Merrill boasts of her public the Klamath country, the irrigation of nearly school. It is a most substantial building, and 300,000 acres of land. This was in I904. To the number of pupils enrolled is 67. At present illustrate the growth of the tow-vn it mav be said the town numbers between 200 and 300 inhab- that at the beginning of 1904 the assessable itants, although one of the youngest towns in property within the corporate limits of the city Klamath county. Previous to, and for some time was $I67,820. At the opening of i905 it was after, the founiding of the town there was a little $23I,179, an increase in the year of $63,359. At place called Gale, about one and three-quarter this writing, summer of i905, the irrigation pro- miles northeast. At Gale was a postoffice, a ject is assured, and the effect on the business store owned by James O'Farrell, a blacksmith conditions of Klamath Falls is highly favorable. shop conducted by Mr. Woodcock and the Pion- We stated at the beginning of this chapter eer hotel. With the founding of Merrill, hox- that Klamath Falls is the favored town of the ever, Gale moved into the new town. interior of Oregon. We wish to repeat and em- Merrill is located upon land the patent to phasize that statement here. Klamath Falls is which was issued to Benjamin Van Brimmer at today a town of between i,i00 and 1,200 people, quite an early date. It was not until I894 that e I HISTORY OF1 CENTRAL OREGON. 98i any serious efforts were made to build a town years since its founding it has been a trading here. It was platted by N. S. Merrill -May 22, post and supply point for a rich agricultural I894, an(l recorded May 28th. The number of country. Now it has aspirations to become a acres platted was eighty. The original enter- city. prise was a grist mill built the same year by F10'RT KLAMIA TH. Martin & Brandon. The building of a mill is a better initiative for a town than the selling of 4 nis place is 39 miles north of Klamath Falls, many lots, and during i894 quite a little village at the junction of Wood river and Anna creek, appeared. The mill people built a residence, the near the head of Upper Klamath lake. It is lo- second building on the townsite. This was fol- cated in a romantic place, and here was once the lowed by the store of James O'Farrell, black- seat of government of the reservation. It was simth shop of James Stobie arid a number of a lively miltarv post when garrisoned-especial- dwelling houses. A school house ' 24x40 was lv lively and business-like during the Modoc erected in i895. The money for this purpose War. Here, also, was enacted the closing scene was secured by subscription in Merrill and the of that dark tragedy. the trial and execution of surrounding country. In 1896 a postoffice was the chiefs of the rebellion. But now most of the established with H. E. Momi re as postmaster. bulil(dings of the fort have been abandoned and The town was incorporated May I8, I903, and are rapidly falling to decay. A writer describ- at that time the town board comprised F. S. ing the location of Fort Kilamath has written Brandon, George Jory, H. E. Smith, W. P. that "It looks like an Edell whose first inhabitants Rhodes and George Offield. S. Ed. Martin was were struck with sluggishness for daring to oc- recorder, M. E. Hutchison treasurer and A. cupy the land before acquiring a patent from the Schortgen, marshal. Kingdonl of Glory." 'the elevation of Fort Klanlath is 4,200 feet BONANZA. above sea level. At present it has two general ulerchandise stores. While the site of the fort This town claims to be next in importance to was the first spot occupied by white people in Merrill. It is 26 miles east of Klamath Falls on Kilamath county, the town of Fort Klamath is Lost river. The town draws a trade from a ra- a new one, having been established only a few dius of i5 to 20 miles, and lies in the heart of a years ago. It was platted June 19, 1902, by rich country, including Langell's, Poe, Alkali \Villianl T. Shive. and Lost river valleys. Its products consist of cattle and horses, grain, hay, fruits and vegeta- KENNO. bles. These valleys are a portion of the field for the great government irrigation projcet, and with the This is a small-sized town twelve miles south- thousands of acres now lying idle, placed in cul- west of the county seat, on Kilamath river. Be- tivation, Bonanza is destined to become an im sides the business houses necessary for the trade portant town. Already it has two stores, two of that section, it is the shipping point for the hotels, two blacksmith shops, a hardware store products of two sawmills. Tlie town is eligibly and two livery stables, a daily mail by stage line located on Klamath's big streaml and where its east and west, an Odd Fellows andl Rebekah waters cease their tranquility and go roaring and Lodge. It has also a Methodist church and a foaming down miles upon miles of canyon. The good school. Bonanza is an incorporated town, site of the town is a novel and pretty one. Kiss- in good financial condition, out of debt and with ing the border of a dense forest on the south, it a surplus of $5oo on hand. The school has an has for its northern bountlary the Klamatll river, average attendance of 45 and the school property which at this point is broad and deep. Across is valued at $i,ioo. This town was founded in the river is a substantial bridge. 1876 by J. P. Roberts, at which time he opened a Keno has two sawmills, tvo general stores store and conducted it twelve years. The town- anld a hotel an(l two blacksmith shops. On the site, comprising eleven blocks, was platted by site of Keno was erected one of the first grist Benjamin Price May i6, 1878, and recorded in mills in the cotnty. but it was not until 1887 the clerk's office at Lakeview. The first addi- that the towin of Keno came into existence. tion to Bonlanza was platted March 30. I88S, by March 23. J888. the Star said: "Keno now has J. Q. Hamaker. At the opening of I888 the all the requisites necessarv to make a first-class town had two general stores, two hotels and a towni; one grocery and dry goods store, one ho- blacksmith shop. True, Bonanza's growth has tel, one blacksmith shop and a saloon, besides been slow, but at the present writing the town other attractions. Keno will surely become is coming rapidly to the front. During the many quite a town at 110 distant date." 982 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. October 19, the same year, the Star added: school, government sawmill and blacksmith "The town of Keno, although but one year shop, and one general merchandise store. W. old, has a long street on which are two large, Huse who visited Klamath agency in the sum- freshly painted hotels, a large mercantile estab- mer of i90I, had this to say of the village in his lishmelnlt, blacksmith shop, livery stable, saloon, paper, the Klaniath Republican: wagon shop, stage station and private resi- "This is an elegant little town and under the dences." energy of Captain Applegate is rapidly growing. DAIRY. During the past year it has had fine systems of waterworks, and electric lights, a large and sty- This town is located 2I miles east of Klamth lish school building, a well arranged hospital, Falls. It has one general store, two hotels, a skillfully conducted by Dr. Heinenway and harness and blacksmith shop and a saloon. Du- many other appropriate improvements in the wav ring the year i885 about 25 families settled in of streets, shade trees, gardens, etc. In good looks this vicinlity and a little village named Dairy the agency reminds one of an old eastern village came into existence. At the close of the year where the good taste of citizens has been for there was a general store conducted by Mr. years at work adorning their homes and sur- Purdutm, a blacksmith and carpenter shop an(l roundings." a halting place for travelers where accommoda- Yainax is a sub-agency of the Klamath res- tions could be secured. Dairy townsite, consist- ervation, on Sprague river 42 miles northeast ing of only four blocks, was surveyed by Rufus of Klamath Falls. Here is located the Yainax Moore March 24, i886. The plat was dedicated Inl(lian school, a store and a blacksmith shop. April ipth, the same year, by William Roberts, A postoffice was established at this place in 'May, the owner of the townsite, and recorded the (lay 1894, with Frank Terry as postmaster. following. Soon after this a number of lots were The only railway town in Klamath county is readily disposed of. lPokegama, in the extreme southwestern portion of the county. It is 36 miles southwest of Kla- I'LIY. math Falls. It is the terminus of the Klamath Falls railroad which runs from Pokegama to This is a postoffice on Sprague river 54 Thrall, California, on the Southern Pacific, 2. miles north of Klamath Falls. It has two g6n- miles southwest. The town is built on a mountain eral merchandise stores, two hotels and a saloon. and is surrounded for miles by a dense forest. Mly is near the east end of the Klamath Indian This place consists principally of tent buildings; reservation, but not on the reservation. The pre- but has a hotel, good school, telephone service cinct at the last election cast I50 votes; this and is the present terminus of the Oregon Stage would indicate a population of about 750 in the Company's line from Klamath Falls. The town precinct. The products of the valley consist of derived its name from the Pokegama Lumber horses, cattle, mules and sheep), although the lat- Company. We first hear of the place in a letter ter are few in number. ' At least i,ooo head of written in i90i, when work was commenced on cattle, ioo head of horses and a like number of the Klamath Lake Railroad. At this time the unIles are sold annually from this valley. The company purchased the I,5oo acre "Virginia soil products are oats, red clover, Alsike clover. Ranch" on which to lay out a townsite and upoil timothy and natural meadow hay. At least 5.oo0 which to build their terminal station. tons of hay are cut annually. The schools are Lorella lies 38 miles southeast of Klamath good, there being two districts in the valley. J. Falls. It is a country postoffice having a 'Meth- 0. and J. S. W\atts, under the name of Vatts odist church and a sawmill. Formerly Lorelia Birothers, are coin(dlucting a large merchandise was known as Havnesville. It is located otn business at Mly, dealing also in farm machinery what was recognized as the "Simp Wilson" do- and implements. W. F. Reed is postmaster, also main. Havnesville came into existence in 1887 proprietor of a hotel. J. W. Wells is a large prop- at which time a postoffice with F. K. Haynes ertv owner and a worker for the interests of lly. as postmaster was established. Soon afterward a In the summer of i888 Blv consisted of one store store was opened by J. L. Truett and AIr. Havnes an(l a hotel combined. started a blacksmith shop. February I7, I888, the town was platted by Simpsoni O~lson. OTHER TOWNS. March 14, I895, it was announced that the name of the postoffice had been changed to Lorella. Klamath reservation, the seat of Indian gov- The reason for this move was that "Haines" erminent, is on1 the Williamson river, 31 miles and "Haynesville," Oregon, were so near alike north of Klamath Falls. Here is an Indian that the one was often mistaken for the other. I HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 9833 Whitelake City, on the shores of White lake, same distance from Pokegama. It is on the about three and one-half miles from Merrill, is Pokegama-Klainath Falls stage line and has known as Klamath county's newest town, al- a daily mail. though considerable history has been made there. Bedfield is a postoffice on Lost river, i8 miles It is a "boom" town and its most enthusiastic southeast of Klamath Falls. L. Pfannstiehl is supporter can not deny that. Early in Septem- postmaster. ber, I904, J. E. Loy, president; L. G. West, vice- There is only one "dead" town in Klamath president and F. T. Cook, treasurer of the Okla- county. That was Merganser. Only the earlier homa & Oregon Townsite Company, came to settlers of the county remember the town of Klamath county to select a site to lay out a town Mlerganser, at one time the rival of Linkville. It under their scheme. They at once secured an was the second town founded in the county option on1 350 acres of land belonging to C. N. and for several years was a place of consider- F. Armstrong, on Lower Klamath lake, south able importance, especially during the Modoc of Merrill. The purchase price was understood War of I872 and 1873. The townsite of Mler- to be $io an acre. The town was platted May ganser was on the west bank of Klamath river, i5, i905. The drawing, or more properly, the about two miles below the city of Klamath assignment of lots took place June I, 1905, at- Falls, and the town came into existence' in tended by about 250 visitors. For some little i870. The cause of the founding of the town in time previously lumber and tents had been ship- such close proximity to the village of Linkville ped in and a few temporary buildings had been was that the proprietors of the older town site run up and a few business houses, on a small did not offer inducements to people to start in scale, opened. business in competition with lilies already es- Altamont, about four miles east of the me- tablished, and it was impossible to secure lots tropolis, contains a general merchandise store and Upo11 which to conduct business which would in a postofhice. It came into existence in the spring any way interfere with the few lines of business of i895. Judge Smith officiated as the first post- there represented. It was this fact that led to master and conducted a small store. founding of IMerganser by J. Roberts and Albert At Olene, a postoffice on Lost river, about Handy. For a time this neew town was known as i miles east of Klamath Falls, is a sawmill, Lakeport, but shortly after the name Mlerganser store, hotel and blacksmith shop. It is on a was given it. The naming of the town was stage line and has a daily mail. brought about in a peculiar manner. Two Langell's Valley, a country postoffice on Scotchmen named Elnnes were one dav at the lit- Lost river, is 43 miles southeast from Klamath tle town and in the vicinity sllot a merganser Falls, and contains a sawmill. Although small (luck. The question of a suitable name for the it is a historic location in Klamath countv. town was being disctissed when one of the Vistillas, a postoffice, lies 6o miles east of the Scotchlmen suggested "Merganser," which was county seat, and 35 miles west of Lakeview. It at once adopted. The foull(ling of the towvn has a semi-weekly mail. The postoffice was es- dates from 1870, when the first business house I tablished in the spring of 1892. was established, a general merchandise store, Odell postoffice on the Des Chutes river, is bv J. P'. Roberts and Albert Handv. Followillg i IO miles north of Klamath Falls. The office a short delay a postoffice was secured, the second was established in I901 an(l was supplied by in Klamath county. Mr. Roberts became post- special mail from Rosland. Eva Al. Graves was master. The new town did not enjoy a nush- the first postal official. room growth, although the store did a fairly In May, I902, Representative Tongue se- good business and Merganser became a favorite cured the establishment of a postoffice at Odessa, trading point. MAr. Wallace Baldwin, who re- and Blanche Griffith was postmistress. sides at Klamatll Falls, visited at a time duhrinig t'eiican is a summer resort and postoffice on the Modoc War at AMerganser, and has told the Pelican bav, of Upper Klamath lake, 31 miles writer that at that time the town consisted of northwest of Klamath Falls. the store of Roberts & Handy, the postoffice, a Royston postoffice, 48 miles northeast of Kla- blacksmith shop and the residence of Joseph IPen- math Falls, is on the stage line to the latter point. ning. iO miles east of Blly and about five miles east of Following tne close of the war the town took Keno springs. MIrs. Laura E. White was ap- on new life and other business houses were es- pointedl postmistress at the time of the establish- tablished. Joseph Penlinig laid out a townsite ment of the office in February, 1893. iil 1875. It was surveyed July i by E. C. Mason. Forest postoffice is on1 Klanath river, 17 The plat was filed for record in the clerk's office miles southeast of Klamath Falls, and about the J of Lake county August 3, 187.5. The town's .- 7 ---- - _ 11 I I - , I - I 984 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. business houses were increased by a harness shop) ganser ; the blacksmith shop elsewhere and the of Robert T. Baldwin, and a large hotel built by brewery closed down. The last business estab- John Gleim. A bridge was constructed across lishment abandoned the place and the town Klamath river. A little later Paul Breitenstein passed away. Now it remains only in the mem- began the brewery business in the building which ory of pioneers who lived in the country prior to had been occupied as a harness shop. Mr. Bald- the '8o's. The bridge which spanned the river win having moved his business to Linkville. But was left to rot and fall awav, and the last of this this rival town was doomed; Linkville was des- was only a few years ago torn down when the tined to become the only place of importance in first steamboat was placed in commission on the the county. The Roberts & Handy store at last river, the old structure impedinig navigation of secured a site in Linkville and moved from Aler- the stream. CHAPTER VII DESCRIPTIVE. "A river ran through Eden and watered the stead of -Mount Ararat, it was the antecedent of Crater -gardlen." -Genesis. Lake on which the ark landed after the freshet of The rough outline of Klamath countxy may several thousand years ago, B. C. We would suggest easily be traced on a map, but there is no skill- that it was amidst the verdant foliage and picturesque ful word-painting so deft that it will portray the beauty of old Fort Klamath set the pace and in- beauty, wonder and grandeur of that which na-- augurated sin by surrounding some forbidden fruit- ture has within these four cold w alls to the north, probably vegetables in the shape of turnips instead of the east, the south and the west. And vet, no apples This presumption is suggested by climatic con- man who has resided there a quarter of a cen- ditions. Therefore Babylon and a few other important tury can truthfully say that he has seen more towns were strung along Williamson river instead of than a portion of these creations of nature. the Euphrates. Then Sprague river should have the Lofty mountains, dressed in stately timber, place of the Tigris in history. Klamath Falls, doubtless, are seen everywhere below, everywhere above. succeeded to the old site of Jerusalem and Klamath river Broad and attractive lakes sleep here and in reality is the river Jordan. and so on All the there, catching the glint of the noonday sun, ancient patriarchs and others mentioned in the scriptures or lying silent, bathed in the moonlight and were Indians. That is about the way the first Indians -reflecting the shades of the heavy shadows of this country had the situation figured out, and is a above. Rivers, nearly ice cold, from the Cas- version of sacred history quite novel to most of us. cades and as clear as the air above them dash through canyons and gorges, to afterward Manv residents of Oregon even regard the meander dreamily throtglh flowery prairies to Klamath region as a vast stock range, encom- lose themselves in the lakes ; hot springs, warmn passed by the seclusion which that term im- springs, antl cold springs are on every haud. All plies-a place memorable in the annals of the in all 'tis a delightful couintrv. The natural re- state for the 1\lIodoc massacres an(d the fortunes sources wonderful; game and fish are in abun- that sturdy stockmen, defying isolation, have dance. There are mue(icated hot springs, sol- made there during many successive years. fatara or hot earth, fossiliferous deposits and vol- But a visit to the count- dispels all this. Vis- canic formations. Such, in general is a not ions of vast sage plains and foot-hills tenanted overdrawn picture of Klamath county. The only bv stock, covered by waving bunch grass Klamiath Republican in i900 said: fade before this showing, or are rounded out into a variety that is at once pleasing to the imagina- It is said that the early Indians of this country tion anl suggestive of prosperity, real and pos- cherished the belief that Klamath county comprised sible in a material sense. -the only and original holy lands with the settlement IKlamath county is situated in Southern Ore- of Noah and his descendants thrown in Hence, in- gon, east of the Cascade mointains and is among HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 98.5 98 the largest counties in the state. Its mean or math county. All the hardier vegetables flourish plateau altitude is about 4,200 feet above sea here and are of a flavor and crispness found in level. It comprises an area of 5,854 square miles, but a few other localities. Potatoes yield bounti- 3 732,480 acres divided as follows: I,2o6,ooo fully and are never affected with pests or other acres of agricultural land; 1,ooo ooo acres of unsoundness so comnion elsewhere. Sugar beets grazing land; I,250oooo acres of timbered land grow well and contain enough saccharine mat- and 276,480 acres covered by lakes and marshes. ter to justify their culture for sugar making. The county is larger than the state of Con- Apples, pears, plums, prunes, cherries and necticut. in Klamath is limited on the south by the some localities peaches and berries are success- south boundary of the state; on the east by fully raised. All kinds of grasses do well here, lake county: on the north by Crook and nut the main ones used are the natural grasses on the west by Jackson, Douglas and Lane and alfalfa. Flax is native of this county counties. but It is her boast that she has the cultivation of tame flax has nexer been tried. more sunny (lays in the year, hardier range Oregon marshes would furnish a wonderful cattle and sheep and greater forests of soft revenue if prepared for cranberry culture, as pine than any other section of America. One the location and general characteristics are ideal such feature would make anv locality worth liv- for the raising of that berry which has made ing in; but with all three anjd manv minor ones many a millionaire in the eastern states. this On county has a future before it of great the dry uplands alfilerilla, sain foin, sand vetch wealth, great population and great industries. and other productive forage plants have been The main deterrent to immigration into this in- successfully cultivated and if more extensively land plateau so richly endoxved by nature, has planted would become a valuable source of rev- been the lack of transportation facilities. But enue to the stock raiser. Hops, though not -before many more months the great civilizer and raised for the market, are grown somewhat and foundation of agricultural and commercial ad- never fail to yiel(l abundantly. vancement-the railroad, will have pushed its January i, 1905, the government land opened way into this beautiful upland of fertile valleys, to settlement in Klamath county was 399,I91 large, navigable lakes, crystal streams of cold acres. water and forests of the grandest pine trees that The climate is all that can be desired, the ever reared their tops to the blue sky of a cloud- temperature ranging from 95 degrees in summer less heaven. to zero in winter in the plateau section and the There is every indication that at some former average annual precipitation is I9.76 inches. period this country was hemmed in by the Cas- There is none of the hot, dry, enervating weath- cades and Siskivou mountain ranges, until some er of the more southern regions and none of the convulsions of nature of volcanic origin rent the severely cold weather of the east. It is in fact mountain barriers on the west and permitted a climate that conduces to the highest develop- the waters to escape toward the Pacific ocean menlt of man and the most perfect development through the rocky gorge now known as the chan- in the animal and vegetable kingdom. Quite the nel of the Klamath river. *Succeeding ages have largest percentage of the precipitation occurs obliterated many of the land, or rather water- from October to M\av, the snowfall varying marks, made bv the wash of the angry waves of greatly, some winters being from three to four this ancient sea: enough, however, remains to feet and others not exceeding six inches. At no trace its former boundaries. And the deposits time of the year does rain fall in torrents or in of fertilizing material have formed the basis of very heavy showers, but it is usually a a soil gentle rich in all the elements of plant growth. downfall lasting for several hours. The ages of accumulated vegetable mould ; the During the summer the wind, or gentle wash of disintegrate(l volcanic rock, and pomice breeze, as it might be more properly called, and deposits of lime and chalk combine to form prevails from the north and during the winter a variety of soils according to the preponder- from the south. No cvclone or blizzard was ever ance of the several materials that are not only known to occur in this region, nor any severe pro(luctive of a varied class of agricultural pro- drouith, flood or other unusual climatic occur- ducts, but are verv easily subdued by the plow rence. From the records compiled by the a-n(l respond hand(soinelv to Ore- intelligent culture. gon BWeather Bureau for eighteen years are The cereals of all kinds are produced in taken the following average laws in Klamath abundance. Oregon flour has fame for superior- coullty: itv wherever introduced. The first prize for Average mean temperature, wheat awarded 45.6: average at the WNorld's Fair in Chicago maximum temperature, 59.3: average minimum ill 1893, went to wheat on1exhibition from Kla- temperature, 31.9: highest temperature on rec- I .- - T - " --- - -1 -1 - I -- 986 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. ord, 95; lowest plateau temperature, I5; aver- The countv of Klamath is so extensive, the age precipitation, 19.76 inches; average number resources and conditions of different sections so of days clear each year, ii2; average number of varied that a general description of the county, days partly cloudy each year, i58; average num- covering all points is impossible. We will en- ber of days cloudy, 95; average number of days (leavor to describe the county by sections, pre- each Year on which one-one hundredth of an senting a brief description of each. Our atten- inch of precipitation fell, 84. tion will be first directed to agricultural sections Mean temperature andl precipitation at Fort which are located in the different vallevs. These Klamath from i863 to the time of the abandon- sections are the valleys of Lost river, tule lake, ment of the fort as observed bv the U. S. Hos- Sprague river. Lanigell's, Swan lake and Poe, the pital corps and the U. S. Weather Bureau: fertile lands bordering Link river, Lower Kla- math laka and Wood river valley. Year. lcaa TernT . Prccipitation Lost River Valley, as it is generally termed, 1863 ...... 4 ... comprises the territory between Klamath Falls i864 ...... 42 4 and Lost river as far south as the head of Tule 30.o6 Lake valley. It averages about five miles wide i866 ...... by 20 miles long and by reason of its txventv- 1872 ...... mile irrigation system which has been in opera- I873 ...... 44.2 tion several years, early settlement, great extent 1874 4,3 2 18.05 and proximity to the county seat is one of the 1875 45.0 best knowNn and most improved. It produces 1876 44.6 19.90 abundantly of grain, alfalfa, potatoes, etc., there 1877 44.4 22 72 being some 4 000 or 5.ooo acres irrigatedl. It 1878 442 20.02 lies so that 5oooo acres of it can be irrigated 1879 42.4 26.40 and at present this is one of the main feeding i88o 40.0 grounds of the county. I 8I 40.9 27.24 Tule Lake Valley lies from the California 182 39.2 23.15 line about five miles north and is some i,5 miles 1883 43.4 II 94 in length. Its principal town is Merrill and its 1884 42.2 22 42 chief pursuits raising grain, alfalfa and cattle. I885 The soil ...... 45 7 22.61 is sandy and peculiarly adapted to the I886 ...... 0 ...... 44 7 27.08 raising of alfalfa. The principal irrigation sys- 1887 44,3 23.45 tem is known as the Little Klamath Irrigation 1888 43 5 23.59 Companyr-or locally the cladams Canal. The water is taken from the Little Klamath lake by two lines of canals, the length of one being fifteen At Klamath Falls the temperature is much miles and the other warmer than at Fort Klamath, and the southern 28 miles. Combined they have a capacity to irrigate I.,ooo acres of land. part of the county is milder still than at Kla- This company claims that its irrigation system is math Falls. BY months the mean temperature the most complete in the -United States. and precipitation at Fort Klamath for the period Poe Vialley, which is about four miles wide, above tabled was: begins at Lost River Gap and runs in a south- easternlv direction for about ten miles. It is Month Alean 7Tem. Precipitation quite well settled and the residents devote their January ...... 25.3 3.72 attention to the raising of farm prodluce and cat- February ...... 28.3 2.85 tle, the latter having good range on the surround- March ...... 3.3 2.84 ing hills. The Klamatlh Canal Company's sys- April ...... 414 1.42 temn extends through this valle-, and when in May ...... 48.8 1.19 operation will cause this to be one of the most June ...... 55 9 -94 fruitful areas in the county. July ...... 62.0 .46 Langell's Valley is about five miles in width August ...... 60 2 .30 andl extends eastward from Bonanza some four- September ...... 52 6 -55 teen miles. It is cssentiallv a valley of stock- October ...... 43 3 1.57 growers, owing to its ample range and large November ...... 35.1 3.25 areas of natural grass land. It lies quite level December ...... 292 366 and is watered through its entire course by Lost Annual mean temperature, 42 9. River and its tributaries. MIuch irrigation is Annual mean precipitation, 22.60. done here in a small wa-, but it remains for pub- HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 987 lic enterprise to establish canals which will bring nature has provided irrigation. It is surrounded out the fullest values of the lands of this valley. by plenty of range for cattle and fine, large tim- The floor of this valley is quite level and is wa- ber. tered throughout its entire course by Lost River Wood River Valley in which is located the and its tributaries. town of Fort Klamath, is one of the most beau- Sprague River is very extensive, most of it tiful valleys in Oregon. It is notetl principally being in the Klamath Reservation- and therefore for its fine beef and dairy products. After mak- of interest to the homesteader when the reser- ing a trip to the Wood River country in the sumn- vation is opened for settlement. Its course runs mer of I9oi, Mr. W. Huse published the follow- for fifty miles through the county, ranging in ing in his paper, the Klamath Rcpiblican: width from half a mile to a dozen or more miles. It has a magnificent range for stock adjacent to From all we saw we feel ready to maintaii that its whole length and the valley is a veritable the Wood River country is one of the most favored wonderland of natural meadows. spots that nature ever siniled upon. And the tune will Sican Valley is a tributary to Sprague River come not long hence when that country will be crowded valley and through its forty-five miles, ranging with people, and Wood River and Big Klamath lake in width from half a mile to ten miles, the will be celebrated as summer resorts by tourists every- stream meanders in and out of rich meadows and where. large flats of agricultural lands. It is devoted at present to stock raising by the Indians, but Klamath River Valley which lies along the some day will be a great and wealthy stock rais- north and west side of Klamath river, is from ing section. one to five miles in width and extends from NVilliamson River Valley extends from the Klamath Falls along the river for twelve miles. mouth of Williamnson river, where it empties into There is much natural grass land and its inhabi- the Upper Klamath lake, for fifty miles to the tants devote their attention to both stock-raising northeast and with its various tributary valleys and diversified farming. forms a large system of fertile agricultural, The Odel country has been declared by the meadow and natural grass lands, supplemented editor of the Klamath Republicani as the "Dark- by excellent range on the surroun ding hills and est Klamath Land." And yet Odel is the largest mountains. The valley varies from half a mile and remotest school district in the United States. to fifteen miles in width and contains the vast This Odell precinct, a rich belt of country, of fer- Klamath marsh of some 6oooo acres. tile valleys and magnificent forests, practically Horsefly and Barnes Valleys are in the up- unknown to the remainder of the county, is over lands of the eastern part of the county and are ioo miles from IRlamath Falls and is gained devoted to the raising of cattle, a very extensive by trails and circuitous routes. From IO to i I days range falling under the control of these small but are required for a letter mailed at Odel to reach well-located valleys. the county seat. While the vote of Odell precinct Swan Lake Valley lies north of Lost River is only 17, yet the exact results of an election valley, a range of high hills intervening. It is are invariably delayed for days and even weeks, about six by ten miles in extent and has a lake until Odell can send in her returns. This pe- on the east side which by its overfloxv produces culiar precinct lies at the extreme north end of large areas of grass landl. This valley is well the county on the headwaters of the Des Chutes watered toward the tipper end and is surrounded river, and it is claimed that it was discovered to by an exceedingly large territory of valuable belong to Klamath county only a few years ago. range land and timber. The residents devote Charles Graves wrote in the Klamatlh Replibli- their attention to stock raising. can, February I6, i9o5, as follows: Yonna Valley, which is about twenty miles east of the county seat, is some ten miles long Arriving here on the Des Chutes a few years ago a beautiful river and such and four miles wide. It is well watered and pro- I was astonished to find stich duces much natural grass on the overflow lands. fine forests of yellow pine mixed with sugar pine on It is surrounded by good timber and plenty of the higher ridges. This river has many rapids and with range for cattle, which is the chief industry, al- its high rock walls, dam building is easy and inexpensive. though considerable grain is raised and general The continuous descent gives opportunity for as good farming done. Alkali lake is located in this water power here as there is in the world. Walker valley and is one and one-half miles wide by Basin, the principal valley, is sixty miles long and three miles long. This lake is fed by isnow and, averages from six to twelve miles in width Mluch of by the numerous large springs flowing from the this basin is good agricultural land, and where tried sides of the mountain. Thus it will be seen that produces timothy and red clover to perfection; also k-i 1-_1 -1-t I -I I 988 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. wheat, barley, rye, oats and vetch, yielding an ex- Yellow pine largely predominates in quantity over any ceptionally good crop. other timber in the county, and it is probable that three- Many eastern people have timber claims here and fourths of all timber in the county is yellow pine of no doubt will now take agricultural land as it has some variety, for I class the so-called "bull pine" as been restored to entry. This 1oart of Klamath county a species of yellow pine, with, however, a thicker has only recently been discovered. Two years ago the sap and of smaller and younger growth than the finer assessor found it and pounced down on two or three body of the true yellow pine, which also grows best settlers who had discovered the region and located here on the Jenny Creek plateau, but is found in more or less hoping to elude him The sheriff also discovered it about quantity all over the county. Pacific coast yellow pine six months ago Odell had a school district containing is a much better wood than the best yellow pine of the two schools. The teachers say that the county school Southern states, being softer, closer grained, and freer superintendent has so far been unable to find or even from pitchy substance. locate the district. This. however, is not to be wondered Red and yellow fir are fairly abundant in Klamath at. The district embraces I,554 square miles. January county and in some spots high up in the mountains t, 1902, the district contained $4,095 worth of taxable predominate over all other timber, notably in the property; March T, j9o4, there was nearly $350.ooo, and Dead Indian region, where a large portion of a body by March i, this year it will reach, or even exceed a of fir ranks with the best fir on Puget sound in quality half million dollars in value. There is one postoffice in and yield per acre. As a general thing the fir which the district-Odell. It receives mail twice a week from grows among the pines of Southern Oregon is not of Rosland. A letter to reach Klamath Falls must go so good quality as the fir which abounds in the moister north to Rosland, thence southeast to Silver Lake, thence climates of Northern Oregon and the Puget sound to Lakeview, and thence west ito miles to the county region of Washington. There is sufficient good fir in seat town, a total distance of 295 miles which requires Klamath to round out the other and more valuable eight to eleven days for a letter to reach its destina- timber and to enable the mills to fill general and tion. This is rather inconvenient for settlers and re- mixed orders for heavy and long framing sticks and tards the development of this portion of the county. structual timbers to which pine is not well adapted. Strangers will not settle where the mail facilities are The red cedar of the Cascade range ins Southern so poor. A ganging station has been established at Oregon is not of much value, due to the peculiarly Odell by the United States Reclamation Service. hot, dry summer seasons, which climate, however, is just adapted to the superior growth of sugar and Aside from its splendid farming and stock- yellow pines. The Klamath red cedar will answer raising facilities Kilamath county contains the very well for shingles and fence posts, but the dry finest timber belt in interior Oregon. It is con- rot which enters nearly every tree, even in the grand servatively estimated that there are at least i5,- Jenny Creek section. renders this cedar of little value 000,000,0oo feet of pine now standing awaiting for timber. The larch and white pines of the Klamath the logger, the mill and transportation facilities slope grow together in one place only so far as the to carry it into the outer worlt where it is so writer knows, high tup on the summit plateau of the badly needed. This timber, consisting of both Cascades, hut readily accessible to the river or to the yellow and white pine, is of stiperior qtuality. Ten Upper Klamath lake. The quality of both woods is years ago Charles H. Pierce, of Seattle, wrote fine, htt the quantity is rather limited, especially the as follows concerning Klama th cotinty timber: white pine, of which there is, all told, less than 25,000,000 feet scattered among the other timber. The principal varieties of timber for commercial Larch has been used and highly commended as a value in Klamath county are sugar pine, yellow pine, furniture and finish wood by firms in Portland and red fir, yellow fir, red cedar, larch and white pine Oregon City. Of larch there is not probably to exceed The area covered by sugar pine in any appreciable 250,000,000 feet in Klamath county, confined within the quantity is very small, that timber being confined almost radius of six miles of the natural point for operations, alone in Klamath county to the Jenny creek plateau, in places the heaviest stand of timber in all Southern which extends from Lake of the Woods south to the Oregon, and equal to almost everything on the coast. California line, and from the summit of the Cascades Tii general figures even, it would be very difficult for eastward to the Klamath river. The sugar pine of the best timberman in Oregon to even approximate the Klamath county is apparently of as good quality as any amoluntt of saw timber tributary to the Klamath lakes on the coast, and of very healthy. clean growth and the tipper end of the Klamath river. But I have Notwithstanding the small area to which the growth little hesitation in saying that I think when sawed, it of sugar pine is confined I houild estimate the total will aggregate more than 5.ooo,oooooo of feet. stumpage of that timber in Klamath county and that I T have estimates on nearly every 40 of timber on small strip in Jackson county which lies on the eastern the Jenny creek plateau, including everything north slope of the Cascades at not less than 400.oo0,ooo feet | as far as Lake of the W\oods, made by competent HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 989 cruisers, and on that great plateau alone I am prepared fall fishing for salmon, salmon trout and silver to state emphatically that there is three billion feet of side trout is exceptionally fine. The most noted merchantable pine, yellow pine, fir, larch and white of all the fishing streams are Spring creek and pine. The balance of the county and that portion of Williamson river, celebrated for their exception- Jackson county which drains toward the Upper Klamath ally gainev rainbow trout weighing from a half lake must surely contain as much more timber, though to fourteen pounds, and Pelican Bay which teems the average yield per acre for the balance of the county with lake trout. is much less than for the Jenny creek plateau, and the Deer are plentiful along the summit plateau of timber surrounding the lakes is shorter bodied and of the Cascade range and spurs east of the lakes, and smaller growth. Assuming that five billion feet of mer- bear and elk are occasionally found. In the way chantable timber now stands tributary to the lakes and of lesser game may be mentioned pheasants, upper portion of the river, what does it mean ? It grouse, sage-liens, prairie chicken and rabbits, probably means that lumber of such quality, when while the great marshes of the lakes abound in worked up, including the dressing of the same, yield swans, pelicans, ducks and geese. Snipe shoot- on an average $12 per AI. at the mills, assuming that ing about the lakes has long been a favorite sport the value of Klamath's timber will enhance much be- with the sportsmen of Klamath Falls. fore it is half cut off, and that of this $r2 about $8 It is now ours to describe in a humble way for every thousand feet manufactured will come to and some of the wvon(lers of Klamatli county-or be spent in Klamath county in some form or other, rather attempt a description-for some of them or counting it as a basis of exchange. This means are indescribable. These wilIJ include its rivers, $40,000,000 certain revenue for Klamath county at some lakes, springs and last, but not least, its famous time in her history, almost incredible figures, but wvhich "berry patch." The magazines and newspapers will, I firmly believe be borne out by the facts. of the country have told of the beautiful scenery of Klamatli county'. Crater Lake, one of the most For stock raising Klamath countv is emni- famous productions of nature, is here, and com- nently fitted. Buyers from all parts of the coast prises a portion of a panorama of grandeur which come here and purchase cattle. The number of has been converted into a national park and to comntnities more or less isolated from the great which thousands come annually to visit. commercial markets of the nation have never had Upper Klanuath lake is forty miles long with a greater factor in producing prosperity and ac- an average of ten miles in width and is navigable quiring a reputation for industrial success than its entire length and breadth. It is fed by two the dairving indtustrv. When hav and other agri- large rivers and numerous smaller streams, and a cultural prodlucts woul(l not pav to ship they' were number of these are navigable for smaller craft, fed to cow's and the products-butter and cheese into which the man with rod and gun may pene- -vielded a profit that was distributed through- trate and en'jov unexcelled sport. This lake is out the entire commultinitv, creating a prosperitY connected with Lake Ewatuna by Link river. The that always comes from frequent paynments of two lakes are one mile apart, and the river is a honestly earned cash, so this county, should any- gradual fall, the water boiling over the rocks thing occur to cause an overplus of hay, can (1o with a roar. At the foot of this stream is the likewise with every factor to secure a successful town of Klamath Falls, the capital of the county. competenci'. From Lake Ewatnna flows the Klamath river into The fishing grounds of Klamath counltv are the Lox('er Klamath lake, another vast body of extensive an(l embrace a large variety of game water lying in Oregon and California, which is, fish than any similar resort on the coast. In the also, navigable. Indeed, Lake Ewauna, Klamath Upper Klamath lake and Link river seven varie- river and Lower Klamath lake are all used at ties of the steelhead trout have been caught, rang- present for navigation purposes with Klamath ing in weight from a few ounces to sixteen pounds Falls the market for the products of the country I which raise to the flv readily during the summner adjoining them. It has been a perplexing ques- months, take the spoon in the spring and fall and tion where Klamath river begins. In reality its the minnow at all seasons of the vear. The fa- source is Lake Exvauna and the head of the river mous Dolly Varden trout are found in Cherry and is at Baldwin's Islan(l. The following story is Sun creeks, Seven mile creek and other streams given as a tradition among the Cahroe Indians: which flow into the Upper Klamath lake. In Lost river, which flows within ten miles of Klamath The Coyote went at length on his tour of inspection Falls, there is an annual spring run of mullet of to the country of the Klamath river and found the I such an extent that a cannery has been established people there in the most destitute condition. The river I at the point of vantage. In Klan'ath river which had had an abundance of salmon. but three Skookums flows from Klamath Falls to the Pacific ocean, the at the month of the stream had constructed a dam so I -7 Ii A 990 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. that they might get all the fish, and thus prevented the the stirring times of war the nearby thunder of ascent of the customary food supply. By this self- rushing waters mingled with the Modoc tongue fishness of the Skookums he was much incensed and in a large cavern occupied by the savages for vowed that before many days so much fish should come refuge and council. In this chamber Captain Jack up the river as to give all the men, women and children, and his band, sipping from chips of ice and im- and even the dogs, all the food they could eat. provising seats from the bones of prehistoric an- He went to the mouth of the river and found the imnals, would plan to frustrate the federal sol- house of the Skookums, and entering as a homeless diers. coyote began his observations. Although he was hungry Link is really the upper course of the Kla- and whined for some of the fine fish that the Skookums math river, and is a stream of considerable vol- had, he was not noticed, and his fast was unbroken, ume. Upon leaving Upper Klamath Lake the even with the smell of delicious salmon in his nostrils. river plunges over a succession of rapids, de- He saw, however, where the Shookums kept their key scending about one hundred feet in the course of for the gate of the dam, and the next morning, when two miles, and providing a fine water power. At one of the three women started down to open the trap Klamath Falls it broadens out, forming a lakelet, and let out a fish for herself, he darted out of the and then flows placidly through the level plains lodge and running between her feet succeeded in trip- until joined by the stream from Lower Klamath ping her, so that she fell and threw the key out of her lake. Here it begins its turbulent descent hand. Seizing this instantly the Coyote went to the dam through the grand and picturesque gorge of the and opened the gate, letting the swarming salmon pass Klamath. It has an average width of three hun- through, and up to the country of the Cahroes He dred feet. In a distance of a trifle over a mile then broke down the dam and since that time the fish it has a fall of between sixty and seventy feet, thus have gone every year to the tupper stream. providing power sufficient to turn the wheels of all the machinery that could be located along its One of the most important and historic banks. Geographers have made the mistake of streams in the state of Oregon is Lost River. saying that Link river connects Upper and Lower Some of the best ranches in Klamath county now Klamath lakes. This is erroneous, Lower Kla- lie along this stream, though in the early days it math lake being a dozen miles from the place was the battle groutndl of the Indians. It was where Link river terminates. It connects Upper here that more immigrants were slain than at any Klamath and Ewauna lakes. A few times within other point in the countrv, and here it was that the memory of white men Link river has been Ben Wright and his famous twenty-three wreaked drv, not from the usual causes, but owing to heavy vengeance upon the savages by attacking a whole winds driving its waters back to their source. On band and killing and scalping the men, women and each occasion this phenomenon has been preceded children. The river runs through a level plain, for a number of days by strong south winds. "losing" and "finding" itself alternately. It rises Sprague, which flows into Williamson river, as a vast spring and after flowing a long distance a few miles from its motith, rises in the eastern it disappears in the sands, but emerges again with- portion of the county. With its tributaries it in a short distance and one may watch its course forms an immense valley nearly one hundred and easily determine that it is the same stream. miles long. This section of the country is de- Hence the name Lost River. Along its banks the voted almost exclusively to the industry of stock- soil is fertile, and where the Indian once laid in raising, the range grasses and natural meadows wait for the weary, travel-stained immigrant who being practically inexhaustible. sought the water of this stream, after crossing Williamson river is a wide and beautiful the plains, for himself and team, and to pass a stream fringed by treel on both banks. It flows few days in this, at that time the great oasis in from the northern part of the countv and de- the Oregon desert, now well-to-do and prosper- bouches into Upper Klamath lake. It is equal to ous farmers and stockmen dNvell in peace and its tributary, Spring Creek, as a fishing stream, comfort, antl the latch-string of their homes is but it is not so clear and cold, the temperature of always out to the weary traveler. Spring Creek being 38 degrees the year round. Lost River is one hundred miles long, and The latter stream is about six miles east of the averages eighty feet in width. Through the Klamath Agency, and its surroundings are as lava beds, noted as the stronghold of Captain peaceful and glorious as the sylvan dells and Jack and his Modoc confederates, the stream has shaded retreats of the Rhine. It derives its name a subterreanean channel. The ice caves which from the many springs whTiclh may be seen bub- refreshed the Indian warriors of 1873 add to their blinpg Up out of its white, sandy bottom. In many *stores by seepage from this famous stream. In places in the bed of Spring Creek are patches I HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 99I of water balls of a greenish brown hue, filled of Mount Mazama was the crowning event in the vol- with a gelatinotus liquid. They present an inter- canic history of the Cascade Range, and resulted from esting picture. a movement similar to that just noted in Mount Thiel- 'The waters of \Vood river are deep, clear as sen but vastly greater in its size and consequences. crystal and cold as ice. The streams flowing into T his volcanic activity culminated in the development of the northern end of Upper Klamath lake are a great pit or caldera, which for grandeur and beauty Wood river, with its tributaries, Fort, Crooked, rivals anything of its kind in the world. Cherrv. Anna and Sevenimile Creeks. The rim encircling Crater Lake, when seen from a Rogue river rises just within the boundaries distance from any side, appears as a broad cluster of of Klamath county and the famous Des Chtutes gently sloping peaks rising about i,ooo feet above the heads in the northern end. The principal lakes general crest of the range on which they stand. A of the county are -Upper and Lower Klamath, good view is obtained from lhe road along Anna creek, Tule, Lake of the Woods and Crater. Aside where the southern portion of the rim appears as shown from these there are Davis, Odell, Crescent, Sum- on PI. Ill, B. Here Castle Crest and Vidae Peak are mit, Fish, Aspen, Wocus, Long, Round, Buck, the most prominent features, with the canyon of Anna Two-Mile, Four-MXile and Diamond. Creek in the foreground. The topographic prominence Of these lakes the one that looms highest on of Mount Mazama can be more fully realized when it the horizon of natural scenery is Crater which, is considered that it is close to the head of Rogue, Kla- with its surroundings, presents a most magnificent math and Umpqua rivers. These are the only large and marvellous spectacle. The geology and pet- streams breaking through the mountains to the sea be- rography of Crater Lake National Park have tween the Columbia and the Sacramento, and their been described by Joseph Silas Diller and Horace watershed might be expected to be the principal peak Bushnell Patton, and their work published by the of the Cascade range. To one arriving by the road government ill 1902. From their report we take at the crest of the rim, the lake in all its majestic beauty the following excerpts: suddenly appears upon the scene, and is profoundly impressive. The eye beholds twenty miles of unbroken Twenty years ago Crater Lake was unknown to cliffs, the remnant of Mouint Mazama, ranging from the general public, but since then a knowledge of its re- over 500 to nearly 2,000 feet in height, encircling a mnarkable features has been spread abroad through the deep, blue sheet of placid water in which the mirrored press, and Congress recognized its worth as an educa- walls vie with the original slopes in brilliancy and great- tional feature and made it a national park by the act ap- ly enhance the depth of the prospect. The lake is about proved May 22, t902. 4 4 miles wide and 6'4 miles long, with an area of As defined by the bill the park is "bounded nearly 2 0o/2 square miles. north by the parallel forty-three degrees four minutes From the wooded slope a shirt distance within the north latitude, south by forty-two degrees forty-eight rim at Victor Rock, an excellent general view of the minutes north latitude, east by the meridian one hundred lake may be obtained. The first point to catch the eye and twenty-two degrees west longitude. and west by the is Wizard Island, lying nearly two miles away, near meridan one hundred and twenty-two degrees six- the western margin of the lake. Its irregular west- teen minutes west longitude, having an area of two ern edge and the steep but symmetrical truncated cone hundred and forty-nine square miles." in the eastern portion are very suggestive of volcanic A great impetus to the spread of information con- origin. We cannot, however. indulge our first impulse cerning Crater Lake was given by Mazamas of Port- to go at once to the island, for the various features land, Oregon, who held a meeting at the lake in August, of the rim are of greater importance in unraveling the i896, which attracted many visitors. The principal fea- earlier stages of its geological history. tures in the history of the lake has previously been made On the left is the western border of the lake, with out, and the Mazamas, recognizing the fact that the the Watchman, Glacier Peak. and Devil's Backbone great peak which was nearly destroyed in preparing opposite Wizard Island, and Llao Rock beyond. * * the pit for the lake had no name, gave it the name.of * * * On the right is the southern border of the their own society. Upon the rim of the lake are a lake Castle Crest, Kerr Notch, Scott Peak, Senti- number of small peaks, each having its own designation. nel Rock and Cloud Cap appear mi the distance along The term Mount Mazama refers to the whole rim en- the rim. The boldest part of the southern rim is cut circling the lake. It is but a mere remmant of the once off from this view of Castle Crest * * * T here are lofty peak, the real Mount Mazama, which rose far three types of lavas in M\Iount TMazama-andesites, into the region of eternal snow. To get a basis for re- dacites and basalts The immediate rim of the lake is constructing the original Mount Mazama it is necessary made up wholl) of andesites and dacites, chiefly the to study in detail the structure and composition of its former; the basalts are limited to the outer slope. They foundation, now so attractively displayed in the en- came from the smaller vents around the base of the circling cliffs of Crater Lake., * * * The wrecking larger cone. I - ---_ - - -.- _ -A __ - IF k t I 992 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. The theory of magmatic differentiation, so ably ad- above tile surface of the lake. In places the wall is vocated by Professor Iddings and others in this coun- nearly perpendicular, and a rock dropped from the high- try to explain in differences lavas erupted from the est poeit, tuind, 110 obstacle ii the way for at least one same volcanic center, accords well with the course of thousand feet, and with three bounds strikes the water events in Mount Mazama. Its eruptions began with three thousand feet below. The writer tried the ex- and long continued to be composed of lava having in- periment. Lying flat, his face beyond the brink, he termediate composition. This lava was followed first dropped a stone from his hand and as le watched it by less siliceous lava, the basalt from a number of rapidly sink down, down, down, was taken with an al- small vents on the flanks of the great volcano, and iilot irresistible imipiilse to follow The sensation was finally by the dacites, which closed the petrographic too unpleasant for repeiitioii cycle. It is possible that the basalts and dacites may The character of the scene imay be better understood have been il part conteniporaneons, btut the last erup- by the reader who is conversant with high mountains, tion from the great mountain was of dacite. Then if he will imagine a lofty peak 14,000 or I5,ooo feet came the great engulfment, and a new petrographic cy- highl, with 5.ooo or 6.ooo feet of tile top taken off, and cle began with the andesite of Wizard Island. the insidie hollowed out to the diniensions given of With the above scientific and reliable descrip- Crater lake. Toward the west side is an island 1,500 tion of Crater Lake as an introduction let us con- feet high, having a hollowed place o0l the top which tinue our story of this marvelous and picturesque is usually tilled with snow. Ihis mountain is evi- sample of nature's handicraft along less scien- dently the last chimney of the old volcano, which judg- tific yet, possibly, more attractive lines. In i902 ing from the character of the rocks composing it and Governor Geer wrote: the timber occupying its sides, has slept for ages and "The crater which holds the lake, including to all appearances will sleep on to the end of time. There the 2,000 feet of walls above it, would easily hold is but one place where it is possible to make the de- Mount Hood as it stands today. In fact if Mount sceuat to the water, and there is great caution required Hood were inverted and dropped into Crater lake to avoid an accident. At this point a track or cause- it would make a very happy geological fit.' way has been worn through the cliff by the rolling of In i88i there was published at Lakeview a rocks, which have ground and battered down these paper called the State Line Herald. A writer in natural battlements and left ii their stead rock dust that journal thus describes a "Trip to Crater and ashes into which the traveler silks ankle deep as lie Lake :" slowly winds his xsay downward. This causeway is about i00 feet wide, and in places has walls from two The only means we have of determining the grand- to four hundred feet high. It is perfectly straight and eur or magnitude of an object is by comparison, using about 1,500 feet in perpendicular height above the water, some other as a standard. But where we can find no the angle inclination varying from twenty to forty-five suitable standard for comparison, the mind is for a degrees from the perpendictilar. We amused ourselves time absorbed with contemplation, until by degrees the for a time rolling rocks down this pathway, and were reality is unfolded, and in the case under consideration, astonished at the velocity they obtained. Huge bould- the greatness of the I Crater Lake Threshing Scene in Klamath Valley Pelican Bay, Upper Klamath Lake HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 993 waters have ingress to and egress from this giant basin. maddened flames played, and in liquid flashes darted This theory is confirmed by the fact that Anna Creek, their fiery tongues heavenward. Here the awful thun- which flows into Klamath lake from the north, emerges ders belched forth terror to the inhabitants of the sur- in a body from the side of this mountain and about one rounding country, and the frightened Indian crouched and one-half miles from the summit, and coming from in fear beneath the shelter of neighboring mountains, the immediate direction of this lake. Rogue River, or fled before the mighty avalanche of burning lava also, though its course lies to the west and finds its that poured down from the devil-possessed heights. way directly to the ocean, has its source in Crater lake. Here, alone in this loneliest of spots, with the waves It, as does Anna creek, flows in a body from the side fire-begrimed and time-scarred battlements of nature, of the mountain and about two miles from the summit. dashing madly against the shore, surrounded by this While investigating the curiosities to be found and the clouds resting upon its summits, and apparently wonders to be seen about the banks of the lake, a storm shutting us in from all the world alone; where the of wind and snow came upon us. None except those seething fires of hell seem once to have held high car- who have been on high mountains under like cir- mnval and, cancer-like, to have devoured a mighty cumstances can easily imagine the effect of a snow mountain, we were seized with a feeling that in this storm among the clouds. Here, p,ooo feet above the awe-inspiring solitude some of the minons of Beelze- ocean, we found ourselves suddenly enveloped in clouds, bub might still lurk to punish the presumption of sin- which seemed in a body to roll along on the surface ful man who should dare to invade even this deserted of the mountain, while we, thus surrounded, were al- sanctuin of his Satanic Majesty. most suffocated by the blinding, whirling flakes as The Indians of this section of the country have a, they were deposited among the rocks and peaks about tradition that this lake is the abode of evil spirits, and, us. Within five minutes the waters of the lake were that to him who had the hardihood even to look into hidden from our view, and our party were forced to its silent depths, the penalty of death will surely be seek the shelter of trees near at hand. meted out. Hence they do not come near it, and have The writer had a curiosity to descend to the water warned the whites of the danger of incurring the dis- and view the appearance of Crater Lake in a snow pleasure of these spirits. storm. No one else seemed inclined to attempt the de- The water of Crater Lake is nearly pure, very cold scent under the circumstances, so providing ourselves and incomparably clear. Objects are seen at a great with a staff we started alone. The trip down was made depth, but no one has yet succeeded in ascertaining in a reasonably short time, and standing there we looked how deep the waters are. Our curiosity was soon sat- about upon the surging billows and then around at the isfied and, in dread of the task ahead, we commenced towering walls that hedged us in. It is difficult to the toilsome ascent. At every step one sinks ankle give an idea of the effect upon one's nerves. There deep in the loose deposits of ashes and pulverized ptim- we stood, apparently in the bowels of the earth, the ice and the journey becomes tedious and tiresome. To clouds formed a complete covering and seemed to rest avoid excessive fatigue we turned from the cause- on the top of the mighty wall. Those of the party at way and attempted to clamber up among the rocks, the summit, though they declined to accompany us, where it seemed we might find firm footing; but we stood upon the bank, though they could not be seen came near being the victim of an accident which would from the bottom. The wind had lashed the lake into have thrown another young widow upon the world.. fury and foam, and the waves wtre running four and With great difficulty we regained the causeway and after five feet high and beating the shores as if in a mad- an hour of laborious climbing rejoined the party that dened effort to break their prison walls and give free- was awaiting our return. dom for the lake. The old skiff lay upon a rocky shelf, The clouds had passed away and old Sol again il- and that we might claim a solitary credit we pushed luminated the deep recesses of these rugged moun- it into the water and in a minute more were afloat upon tains, and gave a more cheerful prospect for our in- the stormy waves. We did not venture far, however, vestigation. We climbed to the summit of the highest- and breathed freely when again on terra firma. peak, and from that point saw one of the most inter- From this point a splendid view of the towering esting and extensive landscapes it has been our pleasure cliffs could be had, and in that lonely spot alone we, to behold. in imagination, saw re-enacted the terrible convulsions The following short description of Crater- of nature that once held headquarters near and trans- Lake is from the pen of W. S. Parrott, written in, formed the country for hundreds of miles in extent. i892. Mr. Parrott is an eminent artist and The walls seem at that time to have been in a semi- painted a picture of the lake which he visited molten state when old Vulcan with the power alone about that time: vouchsafed to him, belched forth the missles of war, fire and lava, throwing boulders of tons in weight with such What a grand spectacle in mid-winter when swirls force as to imbed them in the plastic wall where they of frost driven by Arctic storms howl through the still cling, an evidence of volcanic power. Here the splintered crags of Castle Mountain and sigh among 63 .. . _-1______11-., ,_ I -I - '994 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. the sturdy hemlocks-a mass of knots and twists- overtopping all intervening ridges, forms the that hang in the almost sunless caverns of perpetual most prominent features of the landscape. winter! This hardy specimen of the vegetable king- Of irregular outline are the shores of Upper doin is almost immortal, for it will grow on the crests Klamath lake; they are, mainly, steep and rocky, of toppling pinnacles which seem held intact only by and a few small islands dot the surface. Several the network of roots which fetter iyt to its drossy en- large streams flow intod the northern part, and at vironment. Again it may be seen at the base of some the southern end the waters discharge through dizzy height from which it has been hurled hundreds Link river. This is the only large lake in Ore- of feet through the open air, but still clutching some gon that overflows. of its native soil in its cancer-like grasp, continues to Lower, or Little Klamath lake, is of small grow on as though transplanted, and year after year size and only a portion of it (some nine miles) comes forth from a grave of ten months' snow as lies in Oregon. It is navigable and steamers ply fresh and green as the arbor vitae of our gardens. its waters from Klamath Falls to various points Now wander back in fancy to the ancient crater on the lake. Lake mountain and for a moment revel in the handi- Rhett, or Tule lake is a fair-sized body of work of the furies as they paint the stormy panorama water, but properly it belongs to California, only through unreckoned ages of chaos, written only in the about four square miles of its area lying within hieroglyphics of crumbling walls and sunken moun- the boundaries of Oregon. Rhett, Tule or Wright tains. But with a Dante's ambition to transcend, in lake as it is variously called, is a body of water search of a terror inferno, may we through burning known to fame. On its southern shore lie the firmament descend to the war of primitive nature where celebrated Modoc lava beds. tableaux of vanishing recreation linger for a moment, Lake of the Woods, some five miles in length, then vanish in the fierce maelstrom of unchained ele- surrounded bv dense forests and green meadows, ments; at last the furies, their work complete, join is situated about ten miles west of Pelican Bay, hands in their wrath and the troubled earth rises to of Upper Klamath lake. It is near the western mid-heavens, a Plutonic throne of fire to light the sur- boundary of the county. It has a beautiful peb- rounding world-but, alas! a temple of time, it fell bly shore, and is among the handsomest of lakes. hack with a crash that shook a continent, to slumber For over thirty years Klamath Falls (Link- forever 'neath the lake ultramarine. ville) has stood on the shore of a little lake now Nature's wreck and man's glory, may you on canvas known as Ewauna. Until lately it had no name, and in poet's pen forever live! and was referred to locally as simply "the lake." The name Ewauna, according to Captain 0. C. The most picturesque of all the larger lakes of Applegate, was conferred upon it by the Indian's, ,Oregon may be said to be Upper Klamath. Theo- and signifies "elbow." -retically, this lake, with the Klamath marsh, the South of Lake of the Woods five compara- plains in the vicinity of Klamath Falls, and the tivelv small lakes, in the midst of a vast field of basins of Lower Klamath and Rhett lakes, were lava, lie at a great altitude, surrounded by a dozen all formerly submerged under a single sheet of lofty peaks, constituting what was known in ear- water of great size. This prehistoric lake, it is lier days as the '.Snowy Cluster." supposed, was drained off at the period when the There is in the immediate vicinity of Klamath gorge of Klamath river hadi been cut down be- Falls a "nest" of hot springs. Some of them con- low its level. Comparatively speaking the present tain medicinal properties; some of them do not. lakes are only pools of water left in the deepest They vary in temperature, one of them running parts of its bed. exceedingly high, so high in fact that it has been At the base of the Cascade Range lies Upper named the "Devil's Tea Kettle." Throughout Klamlath. lake. Over 4,000 feet above sea level is eastern Oregon some of these springs are used its elevation; its area is about 130 square miles. by ranchers and butchers for the purpose of scald- To.uour knowledge its depth has never been as- ing hogs; in earlier days they were utilized by certained. It is hemmed in by magnificent, im- Indians for boiling their meats. But the "Devil's posing mountains. On the west rise the densely Tea Kettle" is too hot for all practical purposes. wdoded slopes of the Cascades, some of whose Near this place, also, is the famous hot earth, loftiest peaks are mantled with perpetual snow. or solfatara, a spot-an acre or so in extent- To the east are bare, rocky acclivities, of no slight situated on a hillside, at least 150 feet above the elevation. Especiallv fine is the view from the big hot spring, or "Devil's Tea Kettle." By bor- hills at the south end of this lake. To the north- ing down seven feet into this hot earth the tem- ward, sleeps the lake, framed in mountain peaks, perature was ascertained to be 2i0 degrees. It is 'wbjilefar to the southward the summit of Shasta,. claimed that this hot earth, when applied to the HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 995 parts affected with lumbago, acts like magic. To about the place, and the numerous camp fires send up relieve pain in cases of rheumatism, neuralgia, their smoke by day, and shoot farther their light by sciatica and paralysis, this treatment is said to be night and the mountain is made merry for twenty equally efficient. miles by the shouting of children and song and merry Of Klamath county's big berry patch the making. The berries begin to ripen in August and Morning Oregonian of November, i900, pub- picking continues until snow flies, generally the latter ilshed the following account: part of November. One person usually picks five or six gallons a day, which when sold bring $1 a gallon Along the side of Crater Lake and Pelican Bay, in in the town. Most of the berries, however, are put up Klamath county, there is a great wonder which is vis- by private families for home consumption. The ber- ited by thousands of people annually, that is seldom ries here picked and saved annually run up into the mentioned and but little known outside of southern hundreds of thousands of gallons. Oregon. The great huckelberry patch of Oregon is Visits to this section are marked by both pleasure situated 75 miles from Klamath Falls, in a northerly and profit. Every kind of amusement is carried on. direction, and eight miles from the famous Crater There are music, dances, Sunday schools and preach-' Lake. At least 3,000 people visited the place this year, ing. Besides berry picking there are other features and from 3,000 to 5,ooo people journey thither every of attraction. Although the bear is practically driven, year. They do fiot visit it as sightseers, but strictly from this, his desirable home, a number are still killed with a business motive. every season while stealing in to make a meal from In earlier times it was the home of the bear and the the lucious berries. Deer are plentiful and hundreds, great storehouse of the Indian. Here the different of them are killed annually. Fishing is good in all the tribes met on friendly terms and picked the berries lakes and mountain streams, and the place is an ideal' and dried them for winter food. Now the bear have spot for the romantic pleasure seeker as well as families almost entirely disappeared and the red man and the who desire to replenish the larder for winter. white man meet on equal terms and pick this fruit from nature's own orchard. We cannot more appropriately close this de- This remarkable huckleberry patch covers an area scriptive chapter of Klamath county than with a i o-f land 20 miles long and from four to five miles wide. short quotation from J. W. Howerton, who pub- The bushes average from three to five feet in height, lished the following in the "Farm and, Irrigation and are literally loaded with the fruit every year. A Age :" failure of the crop has never been known. The "patch" "This great county, with its healthful climate, lies galong the summit of Huckelberry mountain, a its vast area of irrigable land, its numerous beau- peak of the Cascades, at an altitude of 7,000 feet. The tiful lakes and rivers, so happily situated to be of berries are blue-black in color, about the size of a tame the greatest service to man, the mountain reser- cherry and are of delicious flavor. Besides the Indians voirs, the great extent of mountain grazing lands. and Whites of southern Oregon, the inhabitants- of the great herds of horses, mules, cattle and sheep, northern California *and western Idaho flock to this its marshes, with an abundance of natural' hay, place every year. The berries are picked and canned, the beautiful alfalfa meadows, its enormous body or dried on the ground, and taken home ready to be of choicest timber, the adaptability to all staple stored for winter's use: In early days the Indians dried crops of its fertile valleys, the cheapness of land them exclusively, but now they have learned the white and the possibilities of irrigation, invite to its man's ways. shores all good people less favorably situated, to During the.htickelberry season the mountain resem- assist in developing these wonderful resources atnd bles a city. From 3,000 to 4,000 people are camped to secure a happy home." A _440 CHAPTER VIII POLITICAL. Since its organization Klamath county has in its Rogue River lodging. He won his way to, made few mistakes in the selection of men to the fort two days before the expiration of his transact the county's business. Only once in her furlough, and expressed himself as glad that he political history, from 1882 to 1905, has a county did not have to repeat this experience. official betrayed the confidence of the people who When Lake county was formed, in 1874, con- placed him in office. Up to a few years since the ditions were materially improved, but in i882 the county was sparsely settled and those who were Klamath country was granted a county govern- candidates for office were known personally to ment of its own, with the seat of government at nearly all the voters in the county. Thus the the little town of Linkville. people have been enabled to select honest, When the countv machinery was put in mo- capable and conservative officials with but very tion at the initial meeting of the commissioners' rare exceptions. court, November 6, 1882, the following were the Prior to the formation of Lake county, in 1874, officials who took the oath and served as the first the territory which now comprises Lake and Kla- officers of Klamath county: W. S. Moore, county math counties was a part of Jackson county. At judge; Stephen Stukel, commissioner; 0. T. that period, aside from the soldiers at Fort Kla- Brown, commissioner; W. C. Hale, clerk; Charles- math, there were few settlers in southern Oregon Putnam, sheriff; Evan R. Reames, treasurer; S. east of the Cascade mountains. What few there C. Sumner, coroner. With the exception of were, however, occasionally took part in the po- Treasurer Reames these gentlemen were all Re- litical matters of Jackson county. The incon- publicans and were appointed by Governor veniences this interest in matters political occa- Moody. sioned is illustrated by an event which occurred It was not until a month later, December 6, in i866. 0. A. Stearns was then a soldier at Fort 1882, that a school superintendent was chosen. Klamath, and was selected as a delegate repre- He was selected by the county court and his sal- senting that part of the county east of the moun- ary was placed at $ioo a year. C. H. Dyar, a tains in the county convention held at Jackson- Republican, was the one appointed to this posi- ville. He was granted a twenty days' furlough tion. J. W. Hamaker's bond as county surveyor in which to perform this service. For the trip was approved at this meeting of December 6th. he was denied the use of any of the horses in the J. H. Clark, Republican, was the first assessor. government service and was compelled to accept June 6, I883, he resigned and W. C. Clark was the proffer of a decrepit, feeble pony on which he appointed to succeed him by the court. determined to make the start at least. After wad- Klamath county's first election occurred June ing through snow, mud and slush for nine days, i, i884. At that time there were six voting pre- the destination was reached, and Mr. Stearns was cincts. The precincts and judges of election of on time to participate in the deliberations of the this first political contest were as follows: convention. Plevna precinct-E. Riggs, John Connolly, C. He left the pony on the eastern slope of the H. Withrow. mountains after about half the trip had been ac- Linkville-John F. Miller, D. J. Ferree, J. L. complished. Here he fell in with a party who Hanks. offered the use of an unbroken mule to ride, Lost River-I. D. Applegate, G. B. Van which offer was accepted. He made the return Riper, Ira Chandler. trip on a mule that belonged to the government Tule Lake-R. Hutchinson, D. Van Brimmer, and which he had been requested to conduct to E. Whitney. the fort. But for all its utility to him, he says, he Sprague River-William Robinson,. James would not have disturbed the long-eared animal Barnes, M. Obenchain. HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 997 Wood River-George Loosely, George Nully, For Joint Representative-S. J. Studley, Rep., Sr., WV. J. Tuhoer. 321; S. P. Moss, Dem., 380. The following were the officials elected: G. W. For County Judge-N. F. Hilderbrand, Dem., Smith, Dem., county judge; Mat Obenchain, 297; NV. S. Mloore, Rep., 382. Rep., commissioner; R. Hutchinson, Dem., com- lFor County Coommissioners-N. S. Goodlow, missioner; W. C. Hale, Rep., clerk; Charles Put- Dem.. 267; WX.1'. Grubb, Rep., 321 ; L. B. Kes- nam, Rep., sheriff; J. 0. Allen, Rep., surveyor; ter, Rep., 342; XNV.C. Crawford, Dem., 427. Evan R. Reames, Dem. treasurer; M. D. Childers For Sheriff-I. C. Johnson, Rep., 329; M. D. Dem., assessor; C. R. De Lap, Rep., school su- Childers, Dem., 350. perinten dent. For Clerk-XW. XV. Smith, Dem., 328; A. L. At this election the vote did not exceed 350. Leavitt, Rep., 351. At the June election of i886 the vote of Kla- For Assessor-J. 0. Hamaker, Rep., 248; math county totaled 596, a gain of 265 since June, John Smart, Dem., 433. I X884. The election was quite hotly contested, and For Treasurer-NT. C. Hale, Rep., 30I the Democrats secured a majority of the countv Charles Graves, Dent. 379. officers. The result: For School Stuperintendenit-J. S. Orr, Rep., For Congressman-N. L. Butler, Dem., 304; 320: L). L. Fountain. Dem., 359. Singer Hermaun, Rep., 292; Robert A. Miller, lor Surveyor-S. B. Low, Rep., 336; J. B. Dem., 2. Griffith, Dem., 348. For Governor-Svlvester Pennover, Dem., For Coroner-H. Kossler, Dem., 329; J. W. 326; Thomas R. Cornelius, Rep., 267; J. E. Sieniens, Rep., 347. Houston, Pro., i. The returns for the presidential election of For Circuit Judge-J. R. Neil, Dem., 158; L. i888 are not obtainable hut the number of votes R. Webster, Rep., 427. cast in Klamath county Tuesday, November 6th, For District Attorney-W. M. Colvig, Dem., for the presidential candidates were about 750, M . 310; H. Kelly, Rep., 277. with a Democratic majority of 89. For Joint Representative-John F. Miller, There was a small gain in the spring vote of Dem., 200; Robert McLean, Rep., 336. 1,90 over that of i888. The Republican county For Commissioner-John Conolly, Dem., 223; ticket fared somewhat better than usual. The John A. Wells, Dem., 390; R. A. Emmitt, Rep., Republicans elected the county judge, sheriff, 327. clerk and treasurer. Thev also carried the county For Sheriff-M. D. Childers, Dem., 310; for Hermann for congressman. The Democrats Charles Putnam, Rep., 241. carried the state andldistrict tickets. The official For Clerk-Charles P'. Hughes, Dem., 242; vote: W,. C. Hale, Rep., 403. For Congressimaii-Binger Hermann, Rep., For Treasurer-George T. Baldwin, Dem., 381: R. A. Miller, Dem., 361. 353: scattering, 4. For Governor-D. P. Thompson, Rep., 3i6; 1oor School Superintendent-W. E. Greene, Sylvester Pennover, Dem., 425. Il Dem., 277; H. M. Thatcher, Rep., 272. For District Attorney-W. M. Colvig, Dem., For Survevor-J. B. Griffith, Dem., 275; Ru- 386: C. B. Watson, Rep., 351. fus Mloore, Rep., 276. For Joint Representative-G. W. Smith, I'or Assessor-R. B. Hatton, Dem., 286; W. Dem. 369: A. Snider, Rep., 336. F. Araiit, Rep., 261. F or County Judge-J. S. Orr, Rep., 458; H. John Wells. Democrat, who was elected W. Keesee. Dem., 267. countv commissioner, failed to qualify, and James F-or County Commniissioner-Charles T. Sil- L. Hanks, Democrat, was appointed in his place. vers. Dem., 395 : Dan Cronemiller, Rep., 3I9. Over 700 votes were cast at the June election For Slieriff-E. W. Gowen, Rep., 369; H. L. of i888, a gain of more than 0ooin two years. Webb., Dem., 355. Again were the Democrats successful in securing For Clerk-A. L. Leavitt, Rep., 452; J. F. a majority of the county officers. There were Kertchem, Demi., 274. Democratic majorities, also, for candidates on For Treasurer-W. E. Howe, Rep., 420; H. state andl district tickets. The official vote: Kessler, Dem., 308. For Congressirian-Binger Hermann, Rep., For Assessor-J. H. Smart, Dem., 486; G. 336; John M. Gearin, Dem., 369. D. Horner, Rep., 289. For Prosecuting Attorney-William M. Col- For School Superintendent-P. L. Fountain, vig, Dem., 4i6. Dem., 435; J. G. Walker, Rep. 289. For Joint Senator-C. MI. Cartwright, Rep., For Survevor-W. B. Simpson Rep., 350; 313; C. A. Cogswells, Dem., 385. Isa Leskeard, Dem., 373. . . - -- - -1 11- I I I 998 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. For Coroner-J. T. Forbes, Dem., 37I; scat- of the county offices. Each party, the Republi- tering, 69. cans, Democrats and People's Party, had a full There was quite a change from the regular ticket in the field and were of almost equal Democratic victories at the spring election of strength, which resulted in a close and interest- I892. At this contest every Republican on the ing contest. For the head of the ticket 765 votes county ticket was elected with the exception of were cast. The official vote: the candidate for assessor. On the district ticket, For Governor-William Galloway, Dem., also, the Republican candidates carried the i86; James Kennedy, Pro., 9; William P. Lord, county, failing only on the member of the state Rep.. 294; Nathan Pierce, PP., 276. board of equalization. The People's party had a For Congressman-Binger Hermann, Rep., ticket in the field for the first time and polled a 312; John D. Hursh, Pro., 4; Charles Miller, very respectable vote. The total vote was about PP., 267; J. K. Weatherford, Dem., 172. the same as that of i888. The official result: For Joint Representative-Virgil Conn, Rep., For Congressman-Binger Hermann, Rep., 273; Bernard Daly, Dem., i99; R. K. Funk, PP., 373; Winfield T. Rigdon, Pro., 5; M. V. Rork, 288. PP., 129; R. M. Veath, Dem., 234. For Prosecuting Attorney-Abe Axtell; PP., For Joint Senator-C. A. Cogswell, Dem., 264; Henry L. Benson, Rep., 328; William H. 317; A. Snider, Rep., 361; Roscoe Knox PP., 47. Parker, Dem., I70. For Joint Representative-B. Daley, Dem., For County Judge-C. S. Moore, Rep., 315; 253; 0. A. Stearns, 321; W. L. Welch, PP., i6i. G. W. Smith, Dem., i89; H. Snogoose, PP., 256. For Member State Board of Equalization-V. For Sheriff-I. D. Applegate, Rep., 239; A. A. Dunlap, Dem., 464; George W. Dunn, Rep., A. Fitch, PP., 276; J. H. Smart, Dem., 250. 179; S. H. Holt, PP., 97. For Assessor-J. A. Chastain, Dem., ii9; J. For Circuit Judges-W. C. Hale, Rep., 432; A. Hill, Rep., 270; A. T. Wilson, PP., 359. H. K. Hanna, Dem., 444; P. P. Prim., Dem., 236; For Treasurer-Alex M\artin, Jr., Dem., 259; I. P. Wakefield, PP., i88. J. 0. McClellan, PP. 257; C. S. Sergeant, Rep., For Prosecuting Attorney-H. L. Benson, 241. Rep., 347; W. C. Edwards, PP., 130; S. U. For Clerk-O. H. Harshbarger, Dem., 250; A. Mitchell, Dem., 275. L. Leavitt, Rep., 297; William Terrill, PP., 2I7. * For Sheriff-H. 1B.Compson, Dem., 249; T. For County Commissioner-S. W. Kilgore, M. Durham, PP., 149: E. W. Gowen, Rep., 329. Rep.,' I92; Fred Melhase, Dem., 244; John Wells, For Clerk-P. L. Fountain, Dem., 220; A. L. PP., 314. Leavitt, Rep., 433; W. W. Norton, PP., 77. For School Superintendent-W. T. Butcher, For Treasurer-George T. Baldwin, Dem., Dem., 246; C. R. De Lap, Rep.,242; Mrs. C. N. 333; W. E. Howe, Rep., 370. Gordon, PP., 269. For Assessor-A. H. McClellan, PP., I17: C. For Surveyor-Fred Beck, PP., 323; A. L. Parrish, Rep., 296; John H. Smart, Dem., 317. Castel, Rep., 408. For County Commissioner-J. T. Henley, For Coroner-R. G. Galbreath, PP., 679. Rep., 333; R. Hutchinson, Dem., 2II; N. S. Mer- The election of June i, i896, found the three rill, PP., 172. parties, Republican, Democratic and People's For School Superintendent-C. R. De Lap, again in the field with full tickets, and with nearly Rep., 339; W. R. Hendricks, Dem., 208; A. T. equal strength. On the county ticket the Popu- Wilson, PP., i8i. lists elected one candidate, the Republicans three For Surveyor-A. Castel, Rep., 424; Ira and the Democrats four. There were cast 796 Leskeard, 279. votes, the largest poll in the county's history up For Coroner-J. W. Siemens, Rep., 638. to that period. The official vote: The presidential election of 1892 was a great For Congressman-N. C. Christenson, Pro., victory for the People's party in Klamath county, 9; J. Myers, Dem., i90; T. H. Tongue, Rep., 342; the Weaver electors carrying the county by a safe W. S. Vandeburg, PP., 236. plurality. The official vote: Republican electors, For Joint Senator-O. C. Applegate, Rep., Harrison, 270; Democratic electors, Cleveland, 339: B. Daly, Dem., i89; J. Gaston, Peo., 235. 76; People's Party electors, Weaver, 324; Prohi- For Representative-V. Conn, Rep., 265; J. bitionists, 7. Total vote 677. L. Hanks, Dem., 213; J. A. Larrabee, PP., 288. - The election of June 4, I894, was one of the For District Attorney-G. W. Colvig Rep., most interesting and exciting ever held in Kla- 337; J. A. Jeffrey, PP., 266; S. S. Pentz, Dem., math county. The People's Party which had 163. made such a good showing at the previous elec- For Sheriff-W. F. Arant, Rep., 254; A. A. tion, had made gains, and now secured the bulk Fitch, PP., 308; 0. H. Harshbarger, Dem., 224. I HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 999 For Clerk-C. H. Withrow, Rep., 365; D. F. For Commissioner-H. T. Anderson, Union, Driscoll, PP., 330; R. W. Marple, Dem., 8i. 4I5; J. W. McCoy, Rep., 394. For Assessor-J. I. Donnell, Rep., 242; A. T. For School Superintendent-P. L. Fountain, Wilson, PP., 247; Charles Horton, Dem., 264. Union, 4I3; D. A. Presley, Rep., 389. For School Superintendent-Charles Pattee, For Survevor-W. T. Butcher, Union, 354; Rep., 232; W. F. Chase, PP., 2X8; P. L. Foun- E. B. Henry, Rep., 451. tain, Dem., 3I3. For Coroner-S. Hemenway, Rep., 473; Joht For Treasurer-J. W. Siemens, Rep., 298; Hunsacker, Union, 326. William Nail, PP., 2i2; Alex. Martin, Jr., Dem., The People's party was eliminated at the elec- 266. tion of i900, and again the two old parties were For Commissioner-R. M. C. Brown, Dem., the only ones in the field. The contest was close i8i; George McDonald, PP., 267; William and each party elected a portion of its ticket, the Davis, Rep., 320. Democrats having a shade the best of it. There For Surveyor-W. B. Simpson, Rep., 23i; was a falling off of the vote, there being only a Fred Beck, PP., 229; W. T. Butcher, Dem., 306. few over 8oo cast. The official vote: For Coroner-L. Biehn, Rep., 330; J. Hun- For Congressman-Thomas H. Tongue, Rep., sacker, Dem., 349. 389; Bernard Daly, Dem., 343. In the fall election for president November 2d, For District Attorney-A. E. Reames, Dem., Bryan carried the county by a plurality of ii6 408; C. B. Watson, Rep., 391. over McKinley. The official vote: McKinley elec- For Joint Senator-J. N. Wiliamson, Rep., tors, Republican, 347; Bryan electors, Demo- 4X3; A. S. Bennett, Dem., 397. cratic, 463; Levering electors, Prohibition, 8; For Joint Representative-R. A. Emmitt, Palmer electors, gold Democrat, 8. Rep., 544; George T. Baldwin, Dem., 441; Harry The election of June 6, I898, was hotly con- C. Liebe, Dem., 28I; T. H. McGreer, Rep., 362; tested and resulted in a pronounced victory for A. S. Roberts, Rep. 335: G. Springer, Dem., 224. the Republican forces. The Democrats, Popu- For County Clerk-James H. Driscoll, Dem.,, lists and silver Republicans joined forces and 433; C. L. Parrish, Rep., 364. placed a union ticket in the field. They succeeded For Sheriff-S. T. Summers, Dem., 393; A.. in electing only two candidates on the county Kerchner, Rep., 39I. ticket. There were cast 837 votes for the head For Treasurer-H. H-I. Van Valkenburg, of the ticket, a slight gain over the vote of two Rep., 453; Alex. i\lartin, Jr., Dem., 336. years previous. The official vote: For Assessor-Jasper Bennett, Dem., 456; W.. For Governor-H. M. Clinton, Pro., I5; T. S. Hoagland, Rep., 336. F. Geer, Rep., 439; W. R. King, Union, 342; For Commissioner-Fred Mellase, Dem., 431 John C. Luce, PP., 41. S. E. Gardner, Rep., 360. For Congressman-J. L. Hill, PP., 6i; L. For School Superintendent-C. R. De Lap, H. Pederson Pro., i2; T. H. Tongue, Rep., 443; Rep., 425; George W. Offield, Dem., 366. R. M. Veath. Union, 318. For Survevor-W. B. Simpson, Rep., 574. For Circuit Judge-H. L. Benson, 470; J. L. For Coroner-R. W. Marple, Dem., 490. Bachelor, PP., 51; H. K. Hanna, Ind., 397; J. Following are the returns, official, of the pres- A. Jeffrey, Union, 269; E. C. Wade, Union, 184; idential election of the fall of i900: McKinley J. Tressler PP. 28. electors, Republican, 428; Bryan electors, Dem- For District Attorney-A. N. Soliss Union, ocratic, 324; Woolley electors, Prohibition, io; 285; C. B. Watson, Rep., 459; J. B. Wells, PP., Barker electors, middle of the road Populists, 4. 75. There were cast 915 votes for the head of the For Joint Representative, Klamath and Lake- ticket at the June election of 1902, a considerable J. B. Griffith, Union, 397; W. A. Massingill, gain over the two years previous. The Demo- Rep., 408. crats elected the greater portion of the county For County judge-C. T. Silvers, Union, 347; ticket, while the Republicans carried the county L. T. Willits, Rep., 465. for the state, congressional and district tickets. For Clerk-M. E. Hutchinson, Union, 257; The official vote: C. H. Withrow, Rep., 551. For Governor-George E. Chamberlain, lFor Sheriff-A. Kershner, Rep., 413; W. D. Dern., 4r4; W. J. Furnish, Rep., 50I. Woodcock, Union, 399. For Congressman-Thomas H. Tonguie, For Treasurer-Marion Hanks, Union, 344; Rep., 523; J. K. Weatherford, Dem., 349. H. H. Van Valkenburg, Rep., 448. For United States Senator-T. T. Geer, Rep., For Assessor-W. S. Hoagland, Rep., 449; 484; C. E. S. Wood, Dem., 361. Charles Westlotorn, Union, 352. For Joint Representative-R. A. Emmitt, qlqq i 000 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. Rep., 584; N. W;healdon, Rep., 452; I. N. Bur- For Circuit Judge-H. L. Benson, Rep., 7i6; gess, Rep., 476; P. B. Doak, Deii., 366; L. E. E. B). Dufutr, Dem., 259; H. K. Hanna, Rep., M\lorse, Dlem., 325; Earl Sanders, Dem., 313. 562; J. R. Neil, Dem., 334. For Clerk-A. Castel, Rep., 389; J. H. Dris- For District Attorney-E. M. Brattain, Rep., coll, DIem., 569. 434; WNJ. Moore, Dem., 57I. For Sheriff-J. W. Siemens, Rep., 407; S. T. For Joint Senator-J. A. Laycock, Rep., 542; Suimlers, Dem., 539. NV. A. Booth, Dem., 438. 1lor Treasurer-George Wiv.Bradley, Dem., For Joint Representative-R. E. L. Steiner, 469; 11. 481. H. Van Valkenburg, Rep., Rep., 477; John S. Shook, Rep., 458; J. A. Tay- For Judge-George T. Baldwin, Demi., 535; lor, Dem., 34I; J. B. Griffith, Demn., 568. L. I. Willits, Rep., 339. For Ciomniissioner-N. S. Merrill, Dem., For County Clerk-George Chastain, Dem., 5o6; XV. P. Rhoads, Rep., 493. 497; 0. A. Stearns, Rep., 429. For Sheriff-Charles For Surveyor-W. T. Butcher, Dem., 503; A. Horton, Dem., 488; Silas Obenchain, 524. C. Lewis, Rep., 424. Rep., For Coroner-R. W. Mlarple, Dem., 353; F. For Treasurer-R. I. Hammond, Dem., 407; D. Reames, Rep., 567. L. Alva Lewis, Rep., 476. There was a special election held June I, For Assessor-D. G. Brown, Rep., 435; J. P. 1903, for the purpose of electing a congressman Lee, Dem., 517. to succeed Congressnian Tongue, deceased. The For Cominissioner-J. W. McCoy, Rep., result in Klamath county was as follows: Binger 462: Fred Melliase, Dem., 496. Hermann, 387; A. E. Reanies, Dem., 273. For School Stuperintendent-C. E. Fox, Dem., There were cast 962 votes for the head of the 373: J. G. Wright, Rep., 589. ticket at the spring election of 1904. Neither For Surveyor-E. B. Henry, Rep., 682. party could claim the election, each securing a For Coroner-H. B. Hargus, Dem., 438; G. portion of the ticket. Politically Klamath county W. Merrvmaan, Rep., 524. was quite close at this period. The official vote The presidential election of 1904, November of 1904: 5th, resulted as follows: Republican electors, For Congressmian-Binger I Iermann, Rep., Roosevelt, 553; Democratic electors, Parker, 208; 562; R. M.. Veatch, Dem., 351 11. Gould, Pro., Prohibition electors, Swallow, io; Socialists, 17; B. F. Ramp, Soc., 32. Debs, 29; People's party, Watson, 8. CHAPTER IX EDUCATIONAL. It was not until the fall of 1870 that the juve- the county court. Mrs. Chauncey Nye taught the nile population of the Klamath country reached a second term. nuiibher making it necessary to provide a school The second school in the county was not far for their education. This initial school was at behind the Linkville institution and was estab- that time established at Linkville. From the lished near the present town of Bonanza, in the county no funds could be obtained for school Lost River settlement. purposes, but this fact did not deter the citizens The third school was in the Plevna district, from raising an amount of money sufficient to southwest of Linkville. Three patriotic settlers pay a teacher and rent a building for school pur- furnished $75 each and about 1877 erected a poses. A gentleman by the name of Nail was school house. School commenced with four -secured to teach, and Klamathi county's first pupils. school was in full swing. From its inception the Such was the educational genesis of Klamath attendance was fairly good, including many half- county. Other schools wvere established in the breed children. After this school had been con- Klamath country, and by 1883, just after the or- ducted three months it was possible to secure ganization of Klamath county, we find that there ,county aid; the Linkville school was organized by were 345 children between the ages of 4 and 2i PROPERTY OF rPrFpfl PUBLIC JtJBRARY HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. IOOI years, of which i64 were enrolled. The average Falls for the founding of a high school. This dailv attendance was 131. was continued until the high school became a The following table shows the number of chil- fact, as it is now being erected, the contract price dren from 4 to 20 years old in the county, the for which is $29,500. Previously students were number enrolled and the average daily attend- compelled to go outside the county in order to ance in public schools each year from the organi- secure a higher education. The act providing zation of the county up to and including I903: for the founding of a county high school was passed by the Oregon Legislature and approved rv. Dail) bv the governor February 26, i9oi, and under No. Children. No. Enrolled. Attend. this act the people of Klamath county proceeded 1883...... 345 164 13I to make their plans. It was necessary to put the 1S84 ...... 417 Igo 220 question to a vote, which was done at the general 1885 ...... 474 236 '33 election, June 2, 1902. The result was, for high i886...... 582 249 162 school, 597; against high school, i6r. January I187...... 630 318 I94 I2, 1905, the county court made a six-mill levy to I& ...... 792 384 245 secure funds with which to erect a county high I889...... - 911 437 277 school to cost $25,ooo. This will be a handsome I 890...... 76 55I 330 structure with all modern improvements and up 1891...... 907 609 36o to date in every respect. However, the contract 1892...... 927 625 380 price for the high school building is $29,500. 1893...... 964 573 409 The latest available report of Klamath county 1894...... 988 624 388 schools is that of 1903: I895...... 1028 650 442 ..... 1052 701 511 No. of children between 4 and 20 years of age. 6 i68 I897...... io65 758 505 No. pupils enrolled ...... 8i8 1898...... II41.. 752 490 Average daily attendance ...... 475 189...... 1107 758 492 Teachers employed during the year ...... 67 I1900...... 1900 ...... 1033 736 474 Teachers holding state certificates or diplomas ... 13 190I ...... I73 728 405 Teachers holding first grade certificates ...... 13 1902...... I072 765 433 Teachers holding second grade certificates ...... 20 1903...... II68 Si8 475 Teachers holding third grade certificates ...... 5 Teachers holding primary certificates ...... I Educational facilities in Linkville during the Teachers holding permits ...... ' 3 early days were limited. School was held in a No. of organized districts in county ...... 31 little, primitive wooden shack, crowded with No. of school houses ...... 30 scholars. It was a disgrace to the otherwise thriving town. A writer in the Star of July 25, Following is a roster of the teachers of Kla- i88. said: "No citizen of pride would, if he math county for the year 1903: could avoid it, point out our excuse of a school Mrs. Myrtle Weeks, Merrill; Elizabeth Y. house, east of town, to an eastern man, as our Dix, Pokegama; Mrs. G. D. Brown, Crystal; institution of learning.o Miss Gertie Van Meter, Bedfield; Miss Evelyn At last the people of Linkville, ashamed of Bunnell, Klamath Falls: AIMiss Elizabeth More- the public school facilities, called a mass meet- land, Pokegama; Gilbert D. Brown, Crystal; Miss ing. December 1, i885, and took steps toward se- Alice Swift, Beswick, California; Miss Nett R. curing a suitable building to cost not less than Drew, Dairy; Dora A. Eglington, Bedfield; E. $.0ooo. Still no progress was made, although Rav Fountain, Klamath Falls; Miss Nora Keith- numerous other meetings were held. lev, Dairy: Miss Restora French, Klamath Falls; Finally a building was erected, but at a cost Miss Dora Goss, Bonanza; Maril Elsie Grey, Kla- much less than the original sum suggested, the math Falls: Miss Anna Maxx, Merrill ; Mrs. new school house being erected for $i,550. Up Tames Worlow, Fort Klamath: Miss H. F. Gan- to the present writing this building has been in iere. Klamath Falls; Daisy Pattison, Bonanza; U. commission, but otherwise educational interests S. Worden. Klamath Falls; Mrs. Helen Gav Sun- are keeping abreast of the times. Saturday, May walt, Tule Lake; Miss Louise E. Sargeant, Keno; 28, 1904, District No. i voted to issue bonds to W. R. Dilley, Olene; Miss Stella Campbell, Lo- the amount of $IT,500 to erect a public school rella; Miss Minerva C. Cal, Klamath Falls; Miss building which edifice is now in process of erec- E. V. Cogswell, Klamath Falls; Miss Alice Ap- tion and will be a credit to the county seat. pegate. Klamath Falls: W. H. Musselman, Kla- Late in i9oi agitation was begun in Klamath math Falls; Kitty C. Wells, Fort Klamath; Miss I002 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. Emma Bussey, Lorella; C. E. For, Lorella; Miss |Klamath Falls; Mrs. Jennie M. Kearns, Evely R. Jennie L. Cartwright, Odessa; Miss L. L. Dick- Applegate, Mrs. Lou Norris, Gertrude Richard- son, Fort Klamnath; Miss Edna Wells, Ashland; son, Beagle; Ida C. Grigsby, Klamath Falls; C. : D. A. McComb, Klamath Falls; M\iss Joyce Arant, C. Brown. i 12' lt'e BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES KLAMATH COUNTY THOMAS H. WILKERSON is well and fa- of Irish extraction and our subject's uncle, Matt- vorably known in Klamath county. He resides hew Dale, lived to be one hundred and ten years one mile southeast of Lorella where he has an of age. The brothers and sisters of our subject estate of two hundred and forty acres, well im- are named as follows: John, deceased; Wiley, proved and in a high state of cultivation. He in Monroe county, Missouri, Sarah, wife of handles considera6le stock and is known as one of Alexander Clemens, a brother of the famous the prosperous men of the community. His birth Mark Twain, and they now live in Monroe coun- occurred in Monroe county, Missouri, on January ty, Missouri; Ross in Monroe county, I\Missouri; 17, I842. The father of our subject, William Wil- Mary, deceased; Milton in Monroe county; and kerson, is a native of Kentucky and an early pion- Nancy, deceased. Our subject was the fifth from eer to Monroe county, Missouri, arriving there the last. He grew up on a farm in Missouri, at- about i8i9. In 1850, he crossed the plains with tended school in the little log cabin of the day, ox teams accompanied by his three brothers. Af- being obliged to walk many miles even for that. ter working for some time in the mines, he In the spring of i862, he started across the plains started home in i852 and was taken sick on the with Dr. Hugh Glenn's train who was afterwards Isthmus of Panama. From that place he was a noted land owner of California. Mr. Wilkerson transferred to the Island of Cuba, where he died drove a band of mules across the plains and then the next year. His father, William Wilkerson, mined in California for some time. He was at the grandfather of our subject, was born in Eng- Virginia City in i867 and returned via the Pana- land and came to the United States when quite ma route to New York city, whence he journeyed young being one of the early settlers of the back to Missouri. He had been very successful county. He was well acquainted with Daniel in the west and in Missouri engaged in farming Boone, served in the War of I8I2 and was a and stock raising. captain in the Black Hawk War. He did a great On September II, I873, Mr. Wilkerson mar- deal of scouting in Virginia and once was cap- ried Julia Hardwick, a native of Monroe county, tured bv the Indians, who held him for three Missouri. George Hardwick, her father, was born years. His death occurred in Monroe county, in the same county and died in Yamhill county, Missouri, when he was aged ninety-two. The Oregon, in I895, being then sixty years of age. mother of our subject, Margaret (Dale) Wilker- His father, John Hardwick, was born in Madison son, was born in Tennessee and came to Monroe county and was one of the early settlers of Mon- county, Missouri, with her parents when she was roe county, Missouri. Many of the ancestors of a child, it being about 1827. She made a trip this family were in the Revolution. Mrs. Wilker- to Oregon with our subject in 1875 and two son's mother, Mary A. (Sisk) Hardwick, was years later returned to Monroe county where she born in Alabama and most of her ancestors came died in I878. Her father, John Dale, was a lieu- from North Carolina. She died in Missouri. The tenant in the battle of New Orleans, and a captain brothers and sisters of Mrs. Wilkerson are in the battle of Tippecanoe. He was captured named as follows, she being the oldest: Jethro, there by some Indians but as they were taking of Portland, Oregon; Lucy, deceased; John, of hiim away, he struck one into the wafer with a Marion county, Oregon; Clementine, deceased: paddle and so escaped. He was known as John George T.; and Mrs. Dollie Leveatt, both of Dale, of Tippecanoe fame. The Dales were all Yamhill county, Oregon. In the fall of 1875, our- I. "II 1004 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. subject started west with his wife and family, sides. It consists of two hundred and eighty being accompanied by his mother and his wife's acres, two hundred of which are agricultural land. father and family. They headed toward Oregon Three fourths of this land is under cultivation and in due time arrived on the Pacific coast and and eighty acres are seeded to alfalfa. The en- located in West Chehalem valley. There lie was tire alfalfa field is irrigated from large springs on engaged in general merchandising for eleven his farm. Mr. Lewis has improved the place years. Not being especially successful, he sold with his own hands and has splendid buildings, out and came to his present place in June, i886. an orchard of all varieties of fruits and other He took up a homestead and engaged in stock things needed in the carrying on of his farm. raising and farming. Few settlers were here He formerly handled considerable stock but now then and the hard winter of i889-90 swept near- has sold the stock and gives attention to raising lv all of his stock away. Since then, however, grain and hay. he has been prospered and has gained a nice hold- On June 2, i90i, Mr. Lewis married Miss ing of property. Ills residence is a fine two story Caroline Stockwell and to them one child, Leon- eleven room structure, which is surrounded with ard, has been born. Mr. Lewis is a member of the fine iniprovements an(l makes a beautiful place. A. 0. U. W., and is a well known and substantial The children born to this family are Nora M., man. He started here with no means whatever wife of James lrogue: Ella L.. wife of Clarence and took hold with his hands to carve out his for- Walker; Eugene NV.; William L.: Clemeentine M., tune. So well has he succeeded that he is now wife of Charles Wiley; Geneva A., a school rated as one of the well to do citizens of the coun- teacher; Mary, Lultu and Kenneth C. Ella used tv and bids fair to be one of the wealthy men here to teach school. The children are all located in the near future. near by and the two oldest have ranches in this vicinity. Our subject and his wife are consistent n.+ members of the Christian church and also two of their daughters belong to that denomination. CEORGE W. COPELAND, an industrious Thev are known as substantial, upright, and good farnier and stockman of Klamath county, re- people and fully deserve the generous confidence sides some two miles east of Lorella. His father, an(l esteem bestowed upon them by their fellows. William H. Copeland, was born in Ohio in 1852 and came west about thirty-five years ago. Set- tlement was made near Portland, Oregon, and in i885 he came to Klamath county and located in CHARLES C. LEWIS is one of the younger Langell valley. He took up general farming and men of Klamath county, who has demonstrated stock raising and no1w owns an estate of some his ability to make a financial success in general four hundred acres, which is well improved with farming and stock raising as is evidenced by all necessary buildings, machinery and so forth. his present holding. He resides one mile south In addition to this fine estate, he also has a nice of Olene and his birth occurred on MAlay 27, 1875, band of cattle. The mother of our subject, Mary in Custer county. Colorado. His father, Leonard L. (Nesmer) Copeland, was born in Arkansas. A. Lewis, was born in Indiana and served in the Her parents had crossed the plains in early days. Civil War. He came to Colorado, where lie did The other child of the family besides our subject farming an(l stock raising anid in i885, journeyed is Mrs. M\fartha Al. Abbaloose of this county. v.est to Klamath vallev. He settled on Round George W. was born on August 17, 187I, in Co- Lake first and later went to Elamath Falls. That lumbia county, Oregon, and came to this county was his home until a short time previous to his with his parents in 1885. His education was re- death, when he went to Eureka Springs for his ceived in the various places where he lived dur- health. There in March, 1902, lie passed into ing his boyhood days and as soon as he became of the world be\yond. Ile had married Mary A. age le began farning for himself and took a Bruner, a native of Iowa who survives hini and homestead where he now resides. He has added is now dwelling iln Klamatli Falls. Our snibject a quarter section more and improved the place accompaiiie(l his parents on their various trips with good residence, barns, orchard and so forth. and received the balance of his education in the The estate is cropped almost entirely to hay for agricultural college at Corvallis. Owino to his his cattle, of which he owns a goodly numnber. father's ill health, he was obliged to stop the (in June 17, 1902, Mfr. Copeland mnarried course ai(l in iSo6 lie came homue and engaged in Mliss Bessie McChlung who was born in Cali- stock raising. He pJurchiased the old homnestead fornia, the daughter of Carter and Marv Mc- and operated there tntil 1900 when lie sold his Chlng. Two children are the fruit of this property union, and purchased a farm where lie now re- Floyd L. and Flossie Marie. Mr. Copeland has HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. I005 not seen started for himself in' 1904, accompanied by his wife, who had the distinction of having years, he means and gained his entire her parents in Illinois for twentyeight this county with no fair and the fruit of his own industry and sa- journeyed east and visited the world's property by both of his wife's and his He is a modest, unassuming man and one the old farm places, gacity. trip was fraught with of the solid, substantial citizens of our county. own native home. The many pleasures and is one of the prominent in- * . cidents of Mr. Anderson's life. On November 30, 1877, Mr. Anderson mar- was born in Per- HENRY T. ANDERSON was born on April ried Miss Mary Crawford, who the daughter of Jacob J. and 9, i85o, near St. Louis, Missouri. He now re- rv county, Illinois, from Merrill, where he Eliza (WViedon) Crawford, natives of Tennessee si'les five miles northeast is estate and gives his attention to and Kentucky, respectively. MXIrs. Anderson owns a good Her and stock raising. His father, Richard the oldest of a familv of twelve children. farming valley in I876 was born in Virginia and came as a people moved to the Sacramento Anderson, occurred. The children to the vicinity of St. Louis and served as and there her marriage pioneer Anderson are Frank, mar- in the confederate army. During the bat- born to Mr. and Mrs. a soldier of this countv; Charles I., Prairie Grove, one of his legs was shattered ried to Grace Sims, tle of and Gladys E. In ball. Nevertheless he fought all through Herbert E., Dora Mr., Pearlie, by a to Klamath county, battle and died from the effects of the wound. 1882 Mr. Crawford came the and finally returned to this His father was Richard Anderson, the grand- then went to Ashland died in 1897, aged sixty-six. father of our subject, and was a prominent plant- county, where he and owned many slaves. Our sub- His widow resides with her children. er of Virginia are good, substantial ject's mother, Eliza (Brand) Anderson, died Mr. and Mrs. Anderson esteemed and their when he was a small boy. He was the second of people, well known and highly have won for them much family of three, the others being Mrs. Emma B. labors and uprightness a friends. Albin, of Chico, California and Robert C., near success and many Merrill. Henry T. was reared on a farm and educated in the public schools and in the spring He finally landed in Sac- of 1870 started west. the and went to work for wages. Af- CHARLES H. HOAGLAND is one of ramento valley Klam- rented a farm, then journeyed to prosperous farmers and leading citizens of terwards, be of California. In 1882, he moved ath county. He resides some three miles east Colusa county, in Coles and wrought on the S. P. railroad. Bonanza and was born on March 9, i863, to Ashland Hoag- of 1884, he came to Klamath county county, Illinois. His father, Henry W. In the spring then went to his present place as a homestead. Here land, came to California in 1852, and took returned to Illinois. Again has resided since. He also took a timber cul- Oregon and afterward he times with ox teams, ture and then bought a quarter section, which he crossed the plains, both of four hundred the last time being in i865. He settled a second gave him the generous allowance to is all fenced and over time in California, and finally, in I879, came and eighty acres which The in cultivation. Among the im- Klamath county, where he died in i890. three hundred acres who is is a seven room, two story house, mother of our subject is Jane Hoagland, provements, Oregon. There were barn, plenty of outbuildings, a good well now living in Central Point, large Our subject came and wind mill, orchard and other accessories. ten children in the family. across the plains to Napa Some two miles east from Merrill, MIr. Anderson with his parents in i865 and eighty acres of choice county, California, then moved to Merced county owns three hundred valley in the plow. Two hundred and and accompanied them later to Langells farm land all under father alfalfa and the other I879. Few settlers were here then and his twenty acres are producing taken in and sixty, grain. He has a nice large purchased the first place that had been one hundred at this time. cattle, some horses, and a good many of the valley, which our subject owns herd of of land in well bred. When Mr. Anderson started It is one of the most valuable pieces them on the bottom. he had no means and he has labored here the county, being very fertile, and here, and stock raising present holdings and is to be com- The father engaged in farming to gain his and had much land menided for the success he has achieved. He has and became very prosperous all except this quarter before won many friends and a popularity in the county, and stock but sold in i898, when he was he died. which was demonstrated Miss- countv commissioner on the Democratic On July I, I884, Mr. Hoagland married elected Jackson coun- For thirty-four years he had been absent Margaret Burzan, who was born in ticket. and her moth-- from his old home near St. Louis and in May, ty, Oregon. Her father is deceased - a, - - . 1- -1 F t : i oo6 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. er is living in that county now. Six children have his home place since. He has a nice eight room been born to our subject and his wife, Bird, wife residence, barn, other outbuildings, shade trees, of Levi McDonald of this valley, Georgia, Emma, and so forth and the place is one of the best ones Lewis, Fernie and Grace. of the county. Forty acres are bearing alfalfa Mr. Hoagland is a member of the A. 0. U. and the entire estate is good land, producing hay W. and has the distinction of having gained his and grain. Mr. Pope also owns one hundred and entire property through his own efforts of in- twenty-seven acres just east of Merrill, half of dustry, since he started here with no means what- which is producing alfalfa and the balance is ever. used for grain and pasture. Mr. Pope makes a specialty of raising choice Shorthorn cattle and has been favored with splendid success in the en- FRED L. POPE. Among the enterprising terprise. men of Klamath county, it is with pleasure that On March 27, I892, Mr. Pope married Miss we are privileged to mention the gentleman Dora 0. Ballard, a native of Modoc county, Cali- whose name appears above. He is a progressive fornia. Her father, James L. Ballard, was born farmer and stockman, residing some three miles in Illinois and came as a pioneer to California. He east of Merrill and was born on September I5, was a skilled carpenter and wrought on the state i86i, in Hillsboro, Iowa. His father, James W. capital at Sacramento and in many other im- Pope, was born in Highland county, Ohio, and portant places. As early as 1872, he brought his was an early pioneer to Henry county, Iowa. His family to Modoc county and there died in I902. father, Samuel Pope, the grandfather of our sub- He was a millwright as well as carpenter and built ject, was a native of Virginia and one of the ear- the first sawmill in Hot Spring valley. He mar- ILest pioneers in Ohio. He died in Iowa at the ried Serilda Thornton, a native of Missouri who, age of ninety-three. The mother of our subject is now living in Modoc county. Mrs. Pope's was Eliza J. (Stephenson) Pope, a native of In- brothers and sisters are Simeon T., Charles A., diana. She came to Iowa where her wedding oc- Nora E., Anna H., James T., Jesse L., John R; curred. Her father, Dr. Samuel Stephenson, was and William. She is the third child. To our born in Ireland, came to Indiana, then moved to subject and his wife five children have been' Iowa, where he died at the age of eighty-four. born, Leslie B., I. Leland, Marjorie D., Wanda The brothers and sisters of our subject are men- M., and Fred L., Jr. tioned as follows: Elizabeth D., Edgar B., Mrs. When the time came for Mr. Pope to start in, Fannie B. Kane and Mrs. Margaret Thopmpson, life, his father was not in a position to assist him twins, and Mrs. Bertie Auble, all of Modoc coun- with any capital, consequently with his bare ty, California. Fred L. was the oldest of the fam- hands and a good stout heart, he began the bat- ily and was much associated with his father in tle alone, and everything that he now owns is the the various occupations in the different places result of his own labors. His mother taught where they resided. In I864, the parents crossed 'school a great many years and was successful the in plains with wagons, being members of a very this calling. Being the oldest of the family and large train. They came direct to Yreka, Cali- much of the time on the frontier, he had little fornia, and until I870, the father followed team- opportunity to gain an education compared with ing and freighting. Then he came to Stone Coal the youth of today, still he has made himself a valley in Modoc county, being the first man that well informed and well trained man mentally. took a claim in that valley. A short time there- He is enterprising and progressive, has many after he removed to Hot Springs valley, a dis- friends and is considered one of the leading men tance of seven miles, where he secured three hun- of this part of the county. dred and twenty acres of land. Since that time, he has made that place his home. For a while he was postmaster at Canby but his attention has been largely given to stock raising. At this time MAJOR JEROME WHITNEY, a native of; he is about sixty-eight years of age. Our sub- Klamath county, and now residing two miles ject's mother died in 1887. He grew up on a ranch southeast of Merrill, was born in the house where and worked at home for wages until he rented the he now lives, on October 29, I875. Davis The old ranch, where he engaged in farming and homestead owned by his father is now owned by stock raising, and where he made his start in life. him and his brother, Johnson. The parents of In November, i898, he sought out his present our subject were Elkanah and Mary A. (White) place and bought it; it consists of two hundred Whitney, who are named more fully in the and sixty-five acres. In June of the following sketch of another son in this work. Our subject year, he moved his family here and this has been grew tip in this county and received his educa- I i i I HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. I00o7 I tion from the public schools. Early in life he be- subject grew up in Missouri and there received ii gan to work for himself. In the spring of i898, his education. In i879 ,the came west to Redding, in company with his two brothers, Albert and California accompanying his parents and later i; Daniel M\., he started to Alaska, sailing from they journeyed by wagon to Josephine county, !I Portland, Oregon, with the intention of mining. Oregon. The father died April 4, i88o, and the II. They later turned from this intention, owing to family moved to Ashland. The mother is now I the discouraging reports, and stopped at the living at Vancouver, Washington in her eigh- Islands of Karluk and Kodiak and were engaged tieth year. Our subject traveled over various por- in the salmon fisheries there during the season. tions of California, Oregon and Washington. In the fall, they returned to San Francisco and Finally in i885, he came to Klamath county. He i thence journeyed home. Much of the time until wrought here at various places and did farming in Ii 1I his father's death, our subject was associated Barnes valley. Finally, in May, i899, he came to with him, then later purchased the homestead Merrill and since that time has been one of the with his present partner. Before that, he was in active builders of this county. He now owns a partnership with all his brothers in the stock bus- good residence and eight lots in Merrill, also sixty, iness and they prospered well until i900, when acres of valuable land, one-half mile south of the they divided all their holdings. They still hold town. The agricultural land is all under culti- a large band of sheep altogether and are recog- vation and well improved. Mr. Irvine gives his i nized as among the leading stockmen of the attention amost entirely to his hotel and oversees county. The place where our subject resides is a his other interests. [1 quarter section, half of which is growing alfalfa On December I5, i896, occurred the marriage I and the balance grain. The two brothers have a of Mr. Irvine and Miss Florence Gibson, a native, a fine band of cattle and horses all well bred and of Arkansas. She came with her parents to, the farm is stocked with everything needed to Oregon when a child. One child has been born handle it in first class shape. to this union, Erle M. On August i6, i900, Mr. Whitney married Mr. Irvine is a member of the W. 0. W. and I Miss Emma Shuck, a native of Canton, Illinois. a good progressive man. I She came with her parents, S. A. and Cornelia ff Shuck, to the Rogue river valley when- a child. Later, they came to Klamath county, where her mother is now living. The father died on the GARRETT K. VANRIPER is to be classed ranch near Merrill in 1902. Mrs. Whitney's as one of the pioneers of the territory now em- i brothers and sisters are Charles, near Merrill; braced in Klamath county. When he came here, Mrs. Edith Warren of Canton, Illinois; Mrs. it was Jackson county, later Lake county, and Clara E. Bush, deceased; Lora E. and Lois E., now Klamath county. Thus; he has lived in living with their mother. Mr. and Mrs. Whitney three counties without moving from his farm; have one child, Chester Leroy. It speaks well of His residence adjoins Bonanza on the west. ' He the industry of our subject when we know that was born on June 20, i863, in Douglas county, he started in life without any means and owing Oregon, the son of Hon. Garrett B. and Sarah to sagacious management of, the resources placed (Cozad) VanRiper, native's of New York and I in his hands, he is now one of the well-to-do citi- Pennsylvania, respectively. The father was zens of Klamath county. He is a man of unques- 'reared in Michigan and in the spritii of I850, tioned integrity, surrounded by a wide circle of came across the plains in wagons to Douglas admiring friends and is to be credited with doing county, Oregon, and took a donation iclaim and f a great deal for the upbuilding of the county. engaged in farming. In T870, he came to Poe valley, this county and built the first hotis6 in that 4*. yalley. While in western Oregon, he had partici-.' oated in the Rogue river Indian war. The Modoc OSBERT E. IRVINE is one of the substan- War broke out after he settled in Poe valley and tial and well known business men of Merrill. He realizing the danger he hurried his family to a is operating a first class hotel and owing to his place of safety, just in time to escape the ravages skill and sagacity as host has met with a very pf the savages, for they burned his house and de- gratifying patronage. He was born on July 27, stroyed all his property but a few hours after he I 1862. in Buchanan countv, Missouri, the son of had left. After the war, he built another house" John M. and MTalissa (Gibson) Irvine, natives of and in I885, moved to Bonanza. Later, he set- Misouri and Virginia, respectively. The father tled in Ashland and there died in 1902, aged sev- is a veteran of the Civil war and for many years enty-three. He had always lived on' the fron- of his life was engaged as an educator. Our tier and was a genuine pioneer. In I874, he was .-. _,. 71-- - m I oo8 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. , a member of the state legislature, this then being Linn county, Iowa. The parents were Joseph and Jackson county and he was instrumental in get- Indiana Nichols, natives of Virginia and Indiana, ting Lake county organized. It embraced this respectively. The mother died in Linn county, territory. The ancestors are traced back to the Iowa, in I852. The brothers and sisters of our Mayflower and come of Holland Dutch extrac- subject are Mrs. Eliza Cochran, died at Yakima, tion. The mother's ancestors came from France. Washington; John, died near Bonanza; Mrs. She now lives in Ashland, aged sixty-nine. The Elizabeth Lewis, died near Prineville; Amos, died other children of the family besides our subject in Kansas; William, living near Viola, Washing- are Mrs. Anna Walker, in Langell valley; Mrs. ton; Mrs. Sarah J. Payne, residing near Denver, Fannie Hughes, of Poe Valley; Mrs. Ida Crane, Colorado; Nathan, of Union county, Oregon; of Sacramento, California; Gard P., of Ashland. Taylor living near Bonanza. Our subject is the Our subject grew up on the farm and received third from the last. He lived in Linn county. his education from the earlv schools in the vari- Iowa, during the early days and remembers well ous places where he lived then graduated from the hostility of the Indians and frontier life on the old normal school at Ashland, Oregon. He the prairie. In August, i862, he enlisted in Com- has been engaged in stock raising most of his life pany F, Thirty-eighth Iowa Volunteer Infantry and has made several trips with stock to Cali- and was in the department of the Gulf of Mexico. fornia. In 1885, he located his present home as a He participated in the siege of Vicksburg, the homestead and here he has remained ever since. capture of Fort Morgan and Mobile and saw He now has one-half section, well improved and much hard service. He was injured at Vicks- mostly under cultivation. A good barn, wind- burg and for several months languished in the mill, pump and various other buildings are in hospital. During the siege he was obliged to evidence, while his residence is a very comfortable work four nights out of each week. He contin- dwelling. Mr. VanRiper pays especial attention ued in the service until September, i865, being to raising hay and cattle and also handles some then honorably discharged. M\Iany times he was fine horses. on short rations and on the verge of starvation On June 13, i888, Mr. VanRiper married and was in many trying scenes where his com- Miss Nellie Patterson, who was born in Butfe racles were falling all about him, yet he escaped county, California, and for the past eighteen years with his life and the consciousness that he had has lived in this vicinity. The children of our fought well for his flag. Shortly after his dis- subject and his wife are Garrett K., Jr., Jessie H., charge, he! went to Lawrence, Kansas and in Lillie and Josie. Mr. VanRiper has always taken i875, came to Placer county, California. The a marked interest in political matters and the ad- following winter his father joined him and in the vancement and development of the community fall of I878, they came to what is now Klamath and especially in educational affairs. He has county. Mr. Nichols located his present place, given of his time and served on the board and is a which is one and one-fourth miles north of Bon- very enthusiastic supporter of everything for the anza, as a homestead and his father took one ad- benefit of the county. joining. The latter lived there until his death on November i8, i898, being at that time one hun- dred years, nine months and twenty-nine days old. Mr. Nichols now owns a half section of land, two JOSEPH NICHOLS, a farmer and stock- hundred acres of which are under cultivation and man of Klamath county, came to this section when the estate is all fenced and well improved with but few settlers were to be found and since that good residence, barns and so forth. He raises time has labored with a display of energy and en- grain and hay and handles some cattle and terprise, both in building up the country and in- horses. creasing his own exchequer. A sturdy and capable On October 27, I872, Mr. Nichols married frontiersman, a substantial and good man, he has Miss Mary A. Griffiths, a native of Missouri. Her not only won success in his labors during this time father is deceased and her mother is living in but has also won many friends and a fine stand- Lawrence, Kansas. Her brothers and sisters are ing. When he landed here in the fall of 1878, he named a follows: William T., of Douglas county, was without means and had a family to support. Kansas; Mrs. Lizzie Hughes, of Lawrence, in Consequently there was much arduous labor and that state; James of Auburn, California; and many trying experiences to pass through but he Mrs. Lou Davis, of the same place. To our sub- and his family have weathered all and he has ject and his wife, nine children have been born: become one of the prosperous and well-to-do men Clara, wife of Edward Wallace of Merrill; Nellie, of the country. the wife of George Moore, of Mabton, Washing- Joseph Nichols was born on April I, i844, in ton; Harry; Lou, wife of Charles Wallace, of HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. I oo9 Antelope, Oregon; Eva, wife of Alax Bradburn, present place as a homestead an(l here they have of Antelope, Oregon; Homer: James; Charles; lived ever since. Out of the quarter section of and Myrtle. land, they have one hundred acres in cultivation, Mr. Nichols has always dwelt on the frontier a good house, barn, and orchard and plenty of andl has always shown himself an enterprising and other improvements. Mr. Short turns his atten- progressive man. He has endured his share of tion almost entirely to raising grain and pota- the hardships of life and has overcome them in a toes, in which he has made a good success. He good manner, being now one of the respected and has one son, Burrill, owning half a section near substantial men of the county. the home place, two hundred acres of which are under a ditch and one hundred acres planted to * .* alfalfa. They handle some stock, mostly cattle. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Short, are DANIEL F. DRISCOLL is a member of the Burrill W., married to Elizabeth Rothley; Robert Driscoll Mercantile Company, dealers in general C., married to Inez Turner; Mary E., wife of merchandise, farm implements, etc., of Bonanza, James Dixon; and Samuel P. Oregon. He was born Jutne 25, i868, in Nevada Both Mr. and Mrs. Short are members of the county, California, the son of John and Catherine Baptist church and are very substantial and re- Driscoll. both natives of Ireland. spected people. Mr. Driscoll was married in February, 1894, to Grace C. Kuhn, a native of Lake county, Cali- fornia. She was a daughter of John B. Kuhn, CLYDE BRADLEY, who resides five miles deceased. and Sarah E. Kuhn. The family of northwest from Merrill, is known as one of the Mrs. Driscoll were among the early pioneers of substantial and progressive agriculturists of Kla- Lake county, locating twenty-five years ago. math county. He was born on February 13, i86i, Three children have been born to Mr. and in Grayson county, Kentucky, the son of Creed Mrs. Driscoll, Mary Agnes, Johanna Frances, and Naoma (Preston) ) Bradley. His childhood and Viola Alethea. days were spent in Harden county, Kentucky, where he received his educational training. In 1884. Mr. Bradley journeyed west to Lewis county, Missouri, and in i886 he went to Solano JOHN ANDREW SHORT, a prosperous county, California. Two years later, he came farmer and stock man of Klamath county, resid- thence to Klamath county and entered a pre- ing seven miles southeast of Klamath Falls, was emption where he now resides. It is all fine sage born on December 24, 1850, in Moore county, brush land, fifty acres of which are under the North Carolina. His father, Burrell H., was also ditch and seeded to alfalfa. The balance is all in a native of North Carolina and was killed in i862 cultivation and produces grain crops annually. He in the battle of Richmond, being in the Confed- has the place well improved,, with barns, fences erate army. He had married Mary Cole, a native and other accessories. When Mr. Bradley first of North Carolina and now deceased. The chil- came here, the country was all sage brush and set- dren of this family are MIrs. 1\artha England, of tlers were far apart. He has done his part in Venos, Texas; Pleasant, of Greensburg, North building up the country and in making it the pros- Carolina; John A., who is our subject, and James perous place that it is today. Since coming here, of this county. Our subject grew tip on a farm he has taken a trip to California and also one to and was educated in the public schools. In i864, Kentucky. his mother was called away by death. In Union Fraternally, be is affiliated with the Klamath county, Georgia, on December 31, I874, Mr. Falls lodge of the I. 0. 0. F. MAlr. Bradley is still Short married Miss Clementine Odom, a native a bachelor. He has one of the finest places in the of the same county. Her father, Washington county and is a highly respected man. Odom, served in the confederate army and par- ticipated in many battles. He was wounded and his death occurred in Georgia. May, 1903, being in his seventy-fourth year. The mother of Mrs. NATHAN S. N1\ERRILL, who resides at Short is Mary (Chastain) Odom, a native of Merrill, was born August 22, 1836, in Hillsbor- Georgia and now deceased. There were three ough, county, New Hampshire. His father,, children born in this family; WMrs. Martha Neece, Nathan Merrill, was also born in New Hamp- of Sunset, Texas; M\rs. Short and John W.. of shire and his father, WNilliam, the grandfather of Lake county, Oregon. In i885, Mr. and Mrs. our subject, was a native of that city. They de- Short came to Klamath county and took their scended from three brothers who emigrated from 64 Tomo HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. Paris and landed in the New World about the On October 26, i86o, in McDonald same time county, as the Mayflower. These men settled Missouri, Mr. Merrill married Miss Nancy J. in the vicinity of Boston and from them came the Newland, who was born in Washington Merrill county, family. The mother of our subject was. Arkansas. They are representative people Julia and A. (Merrill) Morrill, also a native of New are widely and favorably known in this part Hampshire. of Her father died in service in the the state. The knowledge, wisdom and progress war of 1812. Our subject was the oldest of the manifested by Mr. Mlerrill in his career here have children and the rest are named as follows: done much to build up the country and William to further R., of Calusa, California; John A., of its prosperity. In addition, his integrity and up- Redding, California; Charles H., of Merrill, rightness have won him a place among the people Oregon; Morris A., of Willows, California; and which is very gratifying. Airs. Henrietta Scruggins of Calusa, California. Our subject came west with his parents to Kane * a, county, Illinois, in I846 and was well educated in the common schools. In the fall of 1857, he and GEORGE W. BLOOMINGCAMP resides his parents removed to McDonald county, Mis- on a stock ranch three miles north from Bly, souri, and in the spring of i862, he returned to Oregon, on the north side of the Sprague river Kane county, Illinois, and in the fall of i869, valley. He and his brother, Edward, are in part- accompanied by his wife and his father, our nership in the cattle business, the firm style tinder subject came to Calusa county, California. There which the operate being Bloomingcamp Bros. he engaged in farming until I88I, when he emi- George W. Bloomingcamp was born at Eureka, grated to Chehalis county, Washington. In that Siskiyou county, California, December 23, I879. vicinity, he gave his attention to agricultural His brother was born at the same place February work until the fall of i890, when he came to his 13, 1877. They are sons of John present F. and Adeline home place, which is in Merrill. He pur- Bloomingcamp, both natives of Germany. The chased a ranch and in the spring of I894, he laid parents came to California during the 6o's and are out a portion of the town of Merrill. The town now engaged in the stock business in Siskiyou occupies eighty acres of the farm and Mr. Mer- county, the father being now seventy-one years rill owns two thirds of the townsite. He has five of age and the mother five years his junior. Our hundred acres adjoining the town and all of it is subject is a member of a family of ten children, in cultivation. Two hundred acres of this are in equally divided at to sex. alfalfa and the balance produces grain. It is all Our subject engaged in the stock business on tinder ditch and Mr. Merrill owns an interest in Sprague river in i890, and seven years later the ditchl He has a nice two story, eight room formed his present partnership with his brother. house, a barn sixty-two by one hundred and six- He started in the business with no means, and teen feet, and two acres in orchard, having all today the firm is in a state bordering on wealth. kinds of fruit in this lot. In addition to this, Mr. The brothers have on Sprague river a tract of Merrill has improved the place wonderfully by twelve hundred and forty acres, most of which artistically arranged shade trees and other im- is choice hay land, and in the Klamath basin they provements, so that his is one of the best places own four hundred and eighty acres of good real and one of the most beautiful homes in the county. estate. They make a specialty of raising hay 1902, Mr. Merrill's name appeared on the Demo- which they feed to their large herd of choice cat- chatic ticket for county commissioner and he was tle. Having been born and reared on the frontier, promptly elected, carrying the Merrill precinct by and trained from infancy in the handling of stock, three to one. His term was for four years and they are eminently fitted for their business and he has given entire satisfaction in this position as are making it a signal success. he brings to it a wealth of experience and saga- city that have made him the successful business * * man that he is today. Mr. Merrill was the first man to sign the charter of the Klamath Falls CALEB TOWNSEND OLIVER is the Lodge, number 137, I. 0. 0. F.. and is past grand owner and operator of one of the finest livery of that order. His wife is a member of the Re- barns in southwestern Oregon. It is located at bekahs. He has withdrawn from that lodge, Merrill, while he also has one at Klamath Falls, being a charter member of Tule Lake Lodge, No. and they are certainly a source of pride to the 187, and noble grand. He has always been very county. Being a practical horse man and es- active in every, enterprise to build up and im- pecially endowed with talent for the business, prove the country and is one of the leading men Mr. Oliver has made a success in his enterprise, of this part of the state. which is very gratifying and bespeaks both his I I HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. IOI I ability and his industry. In addition to general al years and was a very prominent educator. Her livery, feed and sale business, wherein he is most father, John D. Gatch, was born in Baltimore, re- careful in every particular to provide for his moving to Virginia and later settled in Ohio. patrons everything first class, he also has taken They were descendants from Godfrey Gatch and a great interest in breeding fine horses for the came from England in 1727 and settled in the betterment of the county stock. iIr. Oliver has vicinity of Baltimore. The colony established eight as fine stallions as are to be seen in south- was known as the Gatch settlement and the Meth- ern Oregon, everyone of which is registered, and odist church was organized by them which was everyone of which is a choice prize winner. His known as Gatch chapel. One of the noted mem- barn is next his Mascot stables and his stallion, bers of the family was Rev. Philip Gatch, who Mascot. is one of the finest horses in the west. was a powerful speaker and one of the noted pio- At this writing, he is a little over four years of neers of Ohio. He did very much throughout age and when four years of age weighed exactly Ohio and especially in Clermont county, preach- twenty-two hundre(d pounds. When he has fin- ing the gospel, being a fervent and devout Mleth- ished his growth, he will weigh at least twenty odist. He attended the first conference ever held five hundred pounds. He is a cross between a in America, which was in 1773. He kyas ap- registered Clyde and a registered Percheron. He pointed the first judge of Clermont county in is one of the most beautiful draft horses to be i8oo and represented that county and the first found and certainly the stock men of Klamath constitutional convention ever held in the north- county are to be congratulated that through the west territory, it being 1802. After that, he gave untiring efforts of M\r. Oliver, have been brought his whole life to preaching the gospel and was a to Klamath county such magnificent stallions. noble and successful man. He was born in I751. Mr. Oliver owns choice driving horses and has During colonial days, many of the Gatch family some of the best roadsters in this part of the had titles of honor for various works that they state. His driving teams are known all over and had done. They are a very prominent and strong some of the finest rigs to be found on the roads American family. Our subj ect's father taught come from his barns. He takes great pride in in various places in the west then came to Santa securing the comfort and safety of his patrons Barbara county, California ini873 and was prin- and altogether is one of the most successful gen- cipal of the public schools there until i88o, when tlemen and up-to-date business men to be found he moved to Los Angeles and engaged in the in Klamath county. real estate business. He is still operating in this Joseph C. Oliver was born in Iowa. With capacity and is one of the very successful men of his parents, he went to Ohio when young and that state. The children of the family are Nel- graduated from Miami university. He was then lie. a teacher in the schools of Los Angeles; retained in the college as an instructor, continu- Caleb T., who is our subject; J. Scott, a writer ing there until the breaking out of the Civil War. of considerable merit now on the St. Louis Globe- Then he enlisted in the Eighty-ninth Ohio In- Democrat; Byron L., a graduate of Ann Arbor. fantry as private and was soon promoted to a and a leading attorney of Los Angeles and a noted captaincy. He served under General Thomas orator; Myrtle G., wife of Professor Frederick and at the battle of Chickamauga was taken Stien, who is teaching in the Philippines. Our prisoner. For three months he languished in that subject was well educated and from a child infamous den, then with three companions, dug showed a marked talent for handling horses. his way out. They were six weeks in getting Early in life, he gave himself to this and the re- away and finally when they reached their own sult is that he is today one of the most success- lines, they were almost naked and had traveled ful horsemen in the state of Oregon. He worked barefooted through snow and over the frozen with horses in various places in California and ground. He then took part in Sherman's march came to this county in 1884. He was handling to the Sea and was in command of two companies. horses for a firm on salary for a time and finally He participated in many hard fought battles and located some sage brush land near Merrill and in numerous skirmishes and served in all four commenced raising horses for himself. He had years. Then he received his honorable discharge come to this country on horseback from southern and since has been very prominent in G. A. R. California. He succeeded very well until i890, circles. When the war ended he returned home when a hard winter swept away all his stock. and again took up teaching and later was prin- He restocked and stayed with the business until cipal of the public schools in Champaign, Illinois. 1904, at which time he owned two hundered of At Goshen, Ohio, he was married to Martha the finest horses and cattle in Klamath county. Washington Gatch, who was born at Mulberry, Then he sold the ranch and engaged in his pres- Ohio. She had followed teaching school for sever- ent business, commencing in a very modest way. a- IOI2 HISTORY 'OF CENTRAL OREGON. The business has grown continuotisly since under examination, he spent three years in teaching his wise guidance and he stands today one of here. Then he purchased a ranch and has added the representative men of this part of the state. since until he has the amount mentioned, which He early began bringing in pure bred stallions is all first class agricultural lands. One half of of different breeds that he could purchase and the it is under cultivation and he produces alfalfa result is that Klamath county has come to have anti grain. In i90i, Mr. Offield accepted a posi- some of the best horses to be found in the west. tion as bookkeeper of the Whitney Mercantile On October 21, i890, Mr. Oliver married Co., of Merrill, which position he still holds. His Miss Frances Gertrude Brown, a native of Wood- residence is a nice six room cottage and he also land, California and born August 20, I873. Her has other property besides which has been mend father. John T. Brown, was-an'early pioneer to tioned. California from Minnesota. He had married On October i, i899, Mr. Offield married Miss West Anina Lvle. To Mr. and Mrs. Oliver, one Winifred Brown, who was born near Pueblo, child, John Joseph, has been born. Colorado, the daughter of Rice and Mary Browni Since the above was written, Mr. Oliver has the latter deceased. Mr. Brown was a native of purchased the Exchange stables of Klamath M\lissouri and immigrated to California in early Falls, and is handling them in connection with day and about twenty-two years ago, came to those at Merrill. The stables in both places are Ashland, Oregon. In i886, he settled in Klam- named Mascot Stables, and they are to be numi- ath county and is now living some nine miles bered with the very best in the entire Northwest. west of Klamath Falls. Mrs. Offield has one Mr. Oliver named his stables from his magnifi- brother, Madison, of Billings, Montana. Three cent stallion Mascot, which, undoubtedly, is as children have been born to our subject and his fine a horse as can be found on the coast. wife, Elda Rubv, Lester Clifford and Vera Viola. He and his wife are members of the Baptist church and are highly esteemed people. Mr. GEORGE WASHINGTON OFFIELD is Offield is serving his second term as justice of well known in Merrill where he has resided for the peace and also is in his second term as mayor some time. He owns about three hundred acres of the town of Merrill. In i900, he was nomin- of choice agricultural land besides a fine resi- ated by the Democratic party for county super- dence and eight lots in Merrill. He was born on intendent of schools but as the county was Re- January 14, i868 in Parkersburg, Coos county, publican, he lost the day by a very small majority. Oregon, thus having the distinction of being a native Oregonian. His father, John L. Offield, *.- came from English ancestry. He married Amanda E. Vance, of French extraction. Our WALTER F. REED is the proprietor of subject grew up in his native place and spent his the Pioneer hotel, and is postmaster at Bly, Ore- time between laboring on the farm and attending gon. He is a native of Plymouth county, Iowa, the public schools until he was sixteen years of born September 2, 187i. His father, George age. Then he started out for himself, working Reed, now a cabinet maker at Paisley, Oregon, at various occupations, on the farms, in the stores was born in the province of New Brunswick and and so forth all through western Oregon and came to Massachussetts in i865. Five years northwest California. At the age of twenty- later he went to Iowa and from Iowa to Colo- seven, he discovered that it would be more rado in I872. From the latter state he went to to his advantage for him to be skilled in educa- Wyoming and in 1887 he came to Oregon and tional matters, consequently he began studying settled in Ashland. Two years later he came to in a private business college at Bonanza, Ore- Lake county, where he has since lived. Mr. Reed's gon. In addition to the business course which mother is Anna E. (Mitchell) Reed, a native of he completed in due time, he had made special New Brunswick. The family is composed of progress in various other branches and came from the father, mother and three children, of which the institution fairly skilled in an ordinary Eng- our subject is the second in point of age. He lish education. After quitting the course, he has a brother, Herbert E., residing near Paislev; took the Civil service examination under the gov- and a sister, Mrs. Maud E. M\IcCormack, who lives ernment for bookkeeping and secured one hun- in California. dred as his mark, a very remarkable standing. Mr. Reed grew to manhood on his parents' Later, he took another examination in other stock farm. The family was the second that branches and secured ninety one per cent. In lived in what is now Sheridan county, Wyoming, i886, he had come to this county 'and after his where they remained eight years. Sheridan county HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 1013 was at that time included in Johnson county. The tled in the Sprague river valley in i88i. Here Reed home was situated only about forty miles he died eight years ago. The mother is a native from the scene of the historic Custer massacre. of Germany and is now living in Jacksonville, The family experienced no trouble with the In- Oregon. clians while in Wyoming, but while living in Colo- Our subject grew to maturity on a farm and roda the savages were otl the warpath and made was educated in the common schools of Jackson- life for the settlers decidedly disagreeable. Large ville. He is now engaged in the cattle business game, such as deer, elk, antelope and buffalo, and is making a success. was plentiful at that time, and AIr. Reed can re- Mfr. Obenchain was married June 8, i898, to call the times wvhen he has watched his father Carrie A. Wendt, daughter of Henry and Marie stand in his door and shoot the later named Wendt, both natives of Germany. animals with his rifle. Mr. and AIrs. Obenchain have two children, Our subject attended school at Ashland, Ore- Mlinnie Mlarie, and Madison. go-n, and at the age of twenty he engaged in the They are prominent and well-to-do citizens sheep business with his father and brother. They and enjoy the respect and confidence of a wide also farmed to some extent and did a great circle of friends in southern Oregon. aamount of contract work, (luring harvest time, harvesting hay. Mr. Reed was always success- fil in what he undertook and as a result is now in well-to-do circumstances. He owns near THOMAS JEFFERSON OFFIELD is a I 'aisley one hundred and sixty acres of land. well known business man of Klamath county' 1 he farm where he resides consists of a quarter where he has won splendid success in the finan- section of well improved land and may be irri- cial world. He was born on January 23, 1870, gated by a ditch, 'in which he is heavily inter- in Coos county, Oregon. His father, John L. -ested. He purchased this in I903. The farm ig Offield, is a native of Indiana and came of English known as the Bly ranch. In Bly, Mr. Reed owns extraction. His father, William Offield, the the Pioneer hotel, as has been stated, containing grandfather of our subject, participated in the twentv rooms, andl he is also the proprietor of a War of i8i2. John L. Offield came across the large livery and feed stable, and keeps the stage plains in i850 with ox teams and while en route, station for the Klamath Falls & Lakeview stage his mother died. He settled near Oregon City company. andl later was appointed assessor of Clackamas On September 25, 1892, M\r. Reed was mar- countv. He moved to Coos county after some ried to Mattie 1'. Mtulkev, a native of Missouri time and to Klamath county in i886. Three and (laughter of Willis J. and Alary E. Mulkey. years later he journeyed to Lane county and then Mr. and MIrs. Mlulkev came to Oregon eighteen went to Ellensburg, in Washington in Iqoo, where years ago and are now engaged in running a hotel he died the following year. He had married at Eugene, Oregon. Amanda J. E. Vance, a native of Missouri. She To Mr. and Mrs. Reed have been born five came to Oregon in I850 and is now living in children, Archie AM., Helen M., Bennie A., Rich- Ellensburg, Washington. The children of the ard W., and Violet B. family are William H., of Tacoma; George W., In addition to the property already enumer- of i\lerrill; Thomas J., our subject; Lafayette V., atedlMr. Reed owns the town hall of Blv, a build- Arthur L., Walter and Nellie, all in Ellensburg. ing twenty-six by sixty feet in dimensions, ()ur subject lived with his parents in the various known as Reed's Hall. This hall is used for pub- places where they dwelt until i886, when they lic entertainments and social gatherings. came to Klamath county, then he began riding the range and in I890, engaged with Geber brothers, 0 M0 wholesale butchers of Sacramento, on their ranch. Five vears later, he was appointed as foreman and FRANK OBENCHAIN is a prominent stock had charge of their business, shipping cattle, until raiser residing on Mlerrill creek near the north the fall of T903. In the winter of i895, he took hank of Sprague river, ten miles northwest from a lay off which continued for six months, during 'I!y Born January i9, i877, in Jacksonville, which time he traveled all over the states of Cali- )regon, Air. Obenchain was the only child of fornia and Oregon, then resumed his work. On A\ladison and Minnie (Crah) Obenchain. Ore- May 22, T895, Mr. Offield married Miss Laura gon pioneers. The father was born in Buchanan Alaxiim, who was drowne(l the following August countv, Iowa, and crossed the plains to Califor- while in bathing. On Mlay i9. i899, Mr. Offield 1mia (luring the early days. After one year in that married Mrs. Elizabeth Dorris of Yreka, Cali- state he came to Jackson county, Oregon and set- fornia. She is a near relative of the late Senator 11 I - _ A 2 10I4 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. Vest of Missouri. In i890, AIr. Offlield pur- county and state as was he. The mother died chased one hundred and seventv-four acres of there in the month of April, i900. The father land one mile north of Alerrill. He now has one made his home in that county until the fall of hundred and fifty acres of this in fine alfalfa and 1903, when he sold out and came to Flv. He is in 1903, he purchased one hundred and forty now sixtv-eio-ht years of age and makes his home acres more which lie expects soon to seed to al- with the subject of this sketch. falfa. When he quit the Geber ranch, he engaged Thomas W. Garrett is now serving his third in the hotel business at Merrill and now owns term as constable for the Sprague river precinct. the two story, Riverside hotel which has a fine He is a man of wide acquaintance and of great bar in connection. He personally conducted the prestige in Lake county. hotel until July, 1904, then rented it to Thomas A. Balis, still retaining a half interest in the bar. In addition to this, AMr. Offield has a mercantile establishment, which is under the charge of his JOSEPH STUKEL is a native of Klamath wife. He also owns several lots and buildings CoUIItV, having been born in Klamath Falls, on in the town of Merrill and has a fine band of cat- Aiarch 17, I873, the son of Stephen and Delilah tle on the range. His time is given largely to (Perdue) Stukel. He is one of the prosperous attending to his real estate and stock interests, young men of the county and has demonstrated although he superintends his other business mat- himself possessed of excellent ability. His labors ters. have all been along the line of stock raising and 1Ir. Offield has shown himself a thorough and farming for himself and in everything that tends talentedl business man and has won a success to build up the country in general. He is widely which is very gratifying. He has the esteem and known as a successful, substantial and capable confidence of all who know him and has shown man. The other members of the family are a generous antl progressive spirit in the upbuild- Frederick: Ollie, wife of S. Al. Heller, in Iowa; ing of the country. Alamie. wife of G. NW. Wilson of Alerrill: Amy, wife of Bert Davis of Alerrill; and Stephen, at home. A\Ir. Stukel resides some four miles north- west of Alerrill on Lost River. The farm is TIHIOMAS \V. GARRETT is a stock raiser beautifully situated at the foot of Stukel moun- residing three fourths of a mile northwest from tain and the bridge across Lost river at this point Fly, Oregon. He was reared on a farm in St. is known as Stukel bridge. NA/hen our subject was Francis, county, Missouri, in which county and about four years of age, he came with his parents state he was born October 24, i8is. In lay, to this location, worked with his father, and '884, he came west to the San Joaquin valley, gained his education, meanwhile. California. Here he worked on a salary until On November 4, I893, he married Florinda the fall of i886, when he came to Goose lake A. Booth, who was born in Iowa, the daughter of valley, Oregon, an(l procured employment on a Shannon and Laura Jennings Booth. She had stock ranch. In 1889 he took a homestead near recently come from Iowa at the time of her mar- Goose lake and afterwards purchased a quarter- riage. He brothers and sisters are Olive, wife of section more of land adjoining. He sold his G. W. Jory: AMamie, wife of Frederick Stukel homestead in i895, but still owns his remaining Ella, wife of Carl Robley: and Harry. To our one hundred and sixty acres. He came to My1v subject and his wife, two children have been born, in the fall of i895, and for two years thereafter Goldie Olive and William Charles. In the spring managed the Pioneer hotel at this place, after of 1903, Mr. Stukle and his brother Fred pur- which lhe purchaseti his present home. He has chased the home ranch where he had spent his in all two hundred and eighty acres of land, a days after he was twelve years of age and to- good portion of which is valuable for agricultural gether they are now operating the same. The es- purposes and well improved. Mfr. Garrett also tate consists of five hundred and thirty-three owns an interest in the irrigation ditch which acres, all fenced and all good land. Four hun- runs through that section and can irrigate a dred and fifty acres are under ditch and the bal- great portion of his land. He is engaged exten- ance will be irrigated from a new ditch now being sivelv in raising hay for his large herd of cattle. constructed. This makes it an especially valu- Air. Garrett was married October 27, 1889, able place. It is well improvecl, with all build- to May Alillis, who passed away September i6, ings needed, having three barns, residence and so 1903, leaving no children. forth. They give their attention largely to hand- Air. Garrett's parents, William and Susan C. ling stock and raising hay for the same on this (Grider) Garrett, were both reared in the same valuable ranch. They grow some horses but- HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 1OI5 mostly cattle, of which they have a large band In i900 he sold his cattle and three years at this time. The Stukel estate was one of the later invested in a flock of sheep and has been first places taken in this part of the county and engaged in the raising of wool ever since. His it is considered one of the best ranches of its sheep number some thousands and he also owns size in this portion of the state. a thousand acres of fenced land, a few hundred acres of which is hay land and well improved with a large twelve-room house, two barns and other outbuildings in proportion. His dwelling EDWIN CASEBEER. Born near the town is one of the largest and finest farm houses in the of New Philadelphia, Ohio, August i8, 1849, state of Oregon. His home lies three fourths of Edwin Casebeer was the son of Josiah and Eliza- a mile east from Blv. beth (Miosier) Casebeer, and the fourth mem- On October 28, i889, occurred the marriage ber of the family of five children. The following of Mr. Casebeer to Mrs. Caroline H. (Owen) are the names of his sister and brothers: Mrs. Watts, a native of Clark county, Missouri, and Mary M organ, Kansas; William Casebeer, (laughter of James and Susan F. (Tull) Owen, Colorado; George, in Kansas; and Jacob M., at natives, respectively, of the states of New York Ashland, Ore-on. and Kentucky. Mr. Owven removed from the MUr. Casebeer's father was a native of Penn- state of his birth to Hancock county, Illinois, sylvania. who, as a youth, emigrated to Ohio. where his parents both died, after which he went SFrom Ohio lie removed to Buchanan county, to Clark county, Alissouri, being an early pio- Iowa, in about the year 1854, traveled extensively neer of that county. The brothers and sisters of over the United States and finally settled in the Airs. Casebeer are: John S., Haden Hill, Cali- Rogue river valley, Oregon, in i873 and died fornia; iAirs. Mary L. Kilgore, Langell's valley, seventeen years later in Ashland, Oregon, aged Oregon: Mrs. Margaret EF. Long, Susalnville, seventv-six years. The mother was a native of California-; James H. Owen, residing near Ply; the state of New York and died during her and George W. Owen, Ashland, Oregon. eighty-seventh year in Ashland, Oregon, in the Mrs. Casebeer's father started across the year 1903. plains as a member of a large train of emigrants The first eighteen years of M\r. Casebeer's bound for California. He had with him his wife life were spent with his parents, after which he and five children and experience(l many hard- went to Sedawick county, Kansas, where he en- ships in making the jotirney on account of the gaged in the stock business, and upon attaining hostility of the tribes inhabiting the plains. On his majority he took a homestead. Kansas was one occasion the entire train narrowly escaped comparatively a wild state at that time and Mr. a massacre. His family were among the first to Casebeer can recount many a buffalo killed by settle in the Sacramento valley, and lived in many him almost from his door-step. In i871 he came places in California before coming to the Sprague to California and to the Rogue river the year river in 1878. Here AMr. Owen engaged in the following. Here he engaged in ranching and stock btisiness, and followe(l that occupation fruit raising until 1879, when he came to the until his death in iyof. The mother died tenI Sprague river valley and again engaged in the years previously. stock business. He brought into the country Mirs. Casebeer was living in Aden, Iiodoc the first band of Hereford cattle to be imported county, California, during the M1\odoc war, and into the Sprague river valley, and at the same several times during that struggle between the time he imported a start in the mule raising busi- red men an(l the white she was a witness to the ness, which he has since successfully followed in Indian war dance. In 1870 she was married to conjunction with his cattle raising. In April, S. Watts, now deceased. She has two sons, I898, he took a band of mules into Alaska for John S. and James 0. Watts, who are merchants sale. He went throuighI British Columbia over of Ply. the old Telegraph trail andtup the Frazier river Air. and AIrs Casebeer have two children, to Glenore, on the Stehikin river, where he (lis- Edwin J. and Stisie May Casebeer. posed of his animals at a profit. From that point he went via dog sledge to SkagwaN, whence he took a steamer for home. While on this trip Mr. Casebeer suffered many hardships, such as IVON D. APPLEGATE. The name Apple- frequently befalls travelers in the far north. On gate is in(lissoluble from the history of Ore-on. one occasion his supply of provisions became ex- No mention of the early history of this state to hausted andl he was compelled to sustain life for any extent can be made without including the several days on a diet of badger meat. labors of different members of this leading II I,- '11 IO t6 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. family. It is our purpose to deal particularly by Superintendent Huntington in charge of the with the gentuleman whose name stands at the comimlissary in the Indian departmient of the head of this article and had xve the full data, it state. While in this position, he acted as in- wvouI(l be very interesting to mention more fully terpreter of the Snake Indians and took charge regarding the other members of the familv as of that trip, bringing them to the reser- well. vation. He established Yirnax agency in i869. fvon D. Applugate was born on January' 25, In 1870, Ile settled in Swan lake valley and laid 1840, in St. Clair count\y, Missouri. His father, aside public duties, preferring to devote him- Lindsay Applegate, was a native of this county self to stock raising. The next year, however, an(l marrie(l Elizabeth Miller. As early as 1822, he received a special appointment from the gov- he settled in .\1lissouri and there was married. ernlnient as special representative to the Modoc In 1843 he crossed the plains and settled in the Indian camp on Lost river and while in this Willamette valley Oregon. The history of that capacity participated in the first battle of the most wonilerful trip in which these brave pio- Lava Beds, one of the first battles in the neers with their families wended their way western Indliali warfare. The personal bravery through the unbroken regions of deserts and of Mr. Applegate is shown in that lie went with mountains, beset with wild animals and wilder six men in the very heat of danger to secure the men, forms an epoch in the history of this great bodies of some citizens who had been slain. IHe country an(l Lindsay Applegate with his brothers was a man who knew no fear and owing to this took a very prominent part along with Dr. Whit- was most successful in handling the savages for man. They were men composed of the right ma- the government, which has resulted in untold terial for such an enterprise as a calm review good to the pioneers. Mfr. Applegate was among of their acts indicate and their subsequent lives the verv first settlers in this county. and has done prove. A limited account of that journey would a lion's share ill developing it and stimulating fill a volume ill itself an(l has been mentioned in others to worthy effort. In addition to his estate, other portions of this pulilication. In due time, lie has a fine residence in KIlamath Falls where AIr. Applegate reached the Willamette valley lie is making his home at the present time. an(l with his brothers, settled near what is now On July 14, 1871, in Jackson county, Mr. Ap- Dallas, in Polk county, being among the very plegate married Miss Mlargaret Hutchinson, a first settlers there. FSrom this time, until Ore- native of Pennsylvania and the daughter of Rich- gon assullle(l proportions of a prosperous terri- ard and Anna Armstrong Hutchinson. Airs. Ap- tory, the Applegates were moving spirits in assist- plegate came west in 1869. To this marriage, ing emigration, in opening tip the country, in five children have been born, Alice A., who fighting the savages and in all movements for the gralulated from the state normal school at Mon- general good of the people. Their efforts were mouth and has been retained as a member of the not confined to anly local section but were as facultv in the training department, and later was broa(l as the state itself and their influence was transferred to the Ashland normal as principal always for the good. Lindsay Applegate and his in one departlilent. afterward was principal of the brother, Jesse, located the south road through Klamath Falls public school and is now assistant the Tule lake country to the Willamette vallev principal of the Klaamath Falls high school; Ada in 1846. Thus they were among the first pio- F., deceased, who was the wife of J. c. Pierce and neers of what is 1ow Klamath county. In 186i, was also a graduate of the state normal school; Lindsay Applegate was captain of the volunteers Aloray Lindsay, who graduated from the state anl lie came through this vicinity again. Our normal school at Alonitotith in 1896. Following subject was with hit at that time and was ap- that lie matriculated in the state university at pointed Indian agent anl(l helped to establish the Eugene and in 1898 enlisted in the Second Ore- Indian reservation. The father (lied in I891, g~on Volunteers an(l served eighteen months in aged eighty-threc, Swan lake being the place of the Philippine wars. He w-as with Company C his demise. Our suliject was with his parents an(l participated in the principal campaign in that oil their memorable trip across the plains and conflict. Froni the fourth of February until the lived with them in I olk county and received his following Junie lie was in alnost constant fighting education from home training an(l the primitive anil in 1898, lie returned to the universitv and schools of the country an(l il 185o, weit with gradlnate(l with honors in 1o90. In the fall of theil to Doug-las couinty. In 1859 they journeyed that -ear, lie returned to Manila and was ap- to Tackson county and in 1862. lie enlisted ill the Pointe(h assistant to the Superintenident of Public militia as captain. In i864, he was appointed Instruction in that city. He continued in that recruiting officer. blv Governor A. C. Gibbs and capacity u11itil T902, then leas with the ethniologi- stationed at Eugene. In 1868, he was appointed cal sturvey. After that, he w-as collector for the HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 10I7 Philippine exposition for the world's fair ex- Afterwards, lie was in the famous Mleeker massa- hibit and directed that work until everything cre where every pack and train mule was killed. was completed for the exhibit. Later, he returned He was among the few survivors and escaped the to Klamath county and now expects in the near Indians. Following that, lie was ordered to Fort future to enter the stock business with his father. Bridger, where he was promoted to the position Lena L. was educated at the state university and of wagon master and was then sent to Salt Lake is now the wife of Dr. Hargis of Klamath Falls. City. Later, he bought a ranch in Arizona and Jessie is still at home. raised stock some but continued in the employ of Mr. and Mrs. Applegate are leading people the government. When the Spanish-American in Klamath county and as stated before, the Ap- War broke out, he was ordered to Washington, plegates are leading people in the state of Ore- D. C. and reported to the quartermaster general. gon. Our subject is a man of unquestioned in- He was sent to Savannah, Georgia, then to Tam- tegrity whose life has shown forth self sacrifice pa, Florida, to break mules to be used in Cuba. and uprightness and whose labors have been most Returning to Savannah, he there remained until excellent in bringing about the development of the stock began to return from Cuba, when he the county and the state of Oregon. He has took charge of the same. Later, we find him at the been a great benefactor to his fellow men and re- Jefferson barracks, Missouri, and then he was ceives what is right, a most generous compensa- sent to the Philippine islands. He had charge of tion in esteem, respect and love. the pack train known as number thirty-eight and took part in numerous battles. At the battle of Niac, the pack train was cut off but the thirteen packers were enabled to hold their stock although the goods were all pierced with bullets. Next, CHARLES NEWTON MEYER, a farmer he was ordered to 1\lanila but being taken sick, and stock man residing three and one-half miles was sent back to San Francisco. When able to southeast of Klamath Falls, is one of the sub- be out, he was ordered to Portland, reporting to stantial residents of the county. Although he has Major Jacobs. Then he was sent to China on the not been in this particular section as long as some transport Lennox, being in charge of three hun- of the early pioneers, still Mr. M\Jever is to be dred and seventy cavalry horses and one hundred classed as a leading pioneer of various sections of pack mules. On July 6, i900, they started on the the country. His life has been filled with ad- expedition with the allied forces to suppress the veilttire and extensive service and all will be in- Boxer uprising and rescue the foreigners at terested in an account of the same. Pekin. He was in the entire pack service and Charles N. M\ever was born on September 4, saw the downfall of Yangtsun, Hosiwn, Tung- T850 in St. Louis, Missouri. Charles W. Meyer, chow and Pekin. Following that, he returned to his father, was a native of New York and was in the United States in the transport Packling, hav- I the governilent employ during the Civil War, ing been gone eleven months. He returned to giving his attention to buying horses. He had Portland and received horses there for the gov- seven brothers who were killed in the service. He ernment for a short time, then resigned, having wvas one of the starters and promoters of the been in the employ of the government for twen- Union Stock Yards in St. Louis and his death ty-one years. During this long service, lie had occurred in that city, in i868. He had married traveled to various portions of the country and Mi;ary Shannen, who was born in Mayo county, had wide experience in nailv lines. He finally Ireland and is now deceased. Our subject had came to Klamatll county and selected the place one sister, Irs. Tames Brennan, whlo is deceased where he now resides, making settlement ill the an(l one brother, John, a business man in Chicago, summer of 1902. \11r. Meyer is exceptionally both being older than he. After receiving a good well pleased with the climate and the resotirces of education, our subject went to Cheyenne in the this part of the cotiltrN anli expects to make fall of 1870 and in the spring of the following this his periallnent home. Being a manl of great Aear he commenced to clerk for the government. economy, he was enabled to save dturinlg the long He occupie(l that position for two years, then as service for the government, a nice Stll1 of iloney, packer for the government, first operating in the so that nowv in the later y-ears, lie has abundailce Black Hills. After that, he was in the Big Horn to make life more pleasant. country and was on the ground where Custer In T884, Mr. MVeyer married Tennie Wilson, and his forces wvere massacred and saw the re- wllo died, leaving one soil, James. Just as Mr. mains of that terrible conflict. Then he took Meyer quit the service of the governmeilt, his son part in the Rosebud Indian fight and later, re- died. OIl June 1, 1904. Mr. Meyer married iMrs. turned to Collins in the vicinity of Cheyenne. Charity E. Leafdalll, \vllo has one adopted daugh- - V IOI8 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. ter, Delia. Air. and Mrs. Mlever are representa- Linn county, March i6, i865, the son of tive people of Klamath county, have a beautiful Albert and Catherine (Brinker) Alford. The andl pleasant home and have ma(le many warm father, a native of Missouri, born May 4, I833, friends during their residence here. settled in Linn county on a donation claim in 1850. He was, at one period, a volunteer in the Rogue River Indian war. In i869 he removed A-ith his family to Jackson county, Oregon, ROSCOE E. CANTRALL, one of the most where he has a farm near Talent. His father, extensive and prosperous farmers in Oregon, re- Thomas Alford, crossed the plains in company sides upon a large and beautiful agricultural with him, and lived to the advanced age of ninety- ranch five and one-half miles southeast of Kia- two years, dying in Limn county. He was a native math Falls. He was born July 14, 1872, in Jack- of Tennessee. The parents of our subject are son county, Oregon, the son of John and Sarah still living in Jackson county. They have four (Newland) Cantroll. The father, a native of children, viz: Russell A., our subject; Mloses L., Illinois, was one of the earliest of California of 1ledford, Jackson county ; Mrs. Alice Willets Argonauts, crossing the plains with ox teams and Alrs. Ollie Watters, of Talent. The latter in 1849. Arriving ill Oregon he soon afterward was educated in the public schools, and, also, at- settled in Jackson county securing a donation tended the acadtemy at Ashlanti. claim where he lived until his death, which oc- Mlay 9, 188o, our subject was united in mar- curred in i89i. The mother of our subject is, riage to Jennie Neil, born in Jaskson county, also, an early pioneer of Oregon, and is now liv- the daughter of Clayborn Neil, who crossed the ing in Jackson county. plains from Tennessee in 1852 and located in In the latter county our subject was reared Jackson county. Mir. and MIrs. Neil were the and received his education in the public schools parents of nine cmildren most of whom are at in his vicinity. He pursued the twin industries present living in Oregon. of farming and stock raising, anti in i900 came It wasin i885 that our subject went to Sis- to his present home in Klamath county and, in kiyou cotinty, California, where he secured a partnership with his father-in-law, Henry homestead of one hundred and sixtv acres of E. Ankenv, purchased one thousand two land which he still owxns. To Klamath county huntiretl acres of land, nearly all of which Oregon, he came in i890, and soon afterwartl is copiously irrigated bi an extensive ditch. leased his present ranch and became interested About four huntireti and fifty acres of this land in the stock business, mainly cattle. Since re- are devoted to alfalfa the remainder to grain moving to Oregon, ir. Alford has been quite and pasture. It is all level, one of the best successful in all of his business enterprises, and ranches in the valley and produces two thous- reaped the rewards usually attendant on indtts- and tons of hav and twenty thousand bushels of try and ability. He owns also, a substantial res- grain annually. The principal crops are alfalfa, idence ill Klamath Falls. wheat, barley, oats anti timothy. Two children have been born to AMr. and September 21, i898, Air. Cantrall was united Mrs. Alford, Albert C. and Llovd R. Fratern- in marriage to Nannie Al. Ankelnv, born in the ally, he is a member of the A. F. & A. M., his Willamette valley, the daughter of Henry E. lodlge being at Klamath Falls. His band of cat- and Cordelia (Striker) Ankeny. Her father is tle is at the present writingc quite an extensive a brother of Senator Levi P. Ankeny, of Walla one, including a number of thoroughbred Here- Walla, Washington, junior United States Sen- fords. ator from that state. AIr. and Mrs. Cantrall have three children, Edward L., Howard S. and Cordelia A. Fraternally he is is a member of FRANK H. DOWNING, an enterprising the I. 0. 0. F., the A. 0. U. NVTand the United stock raiser of Klamath county, resides on his Artisans. ranch nine miles south of Keno. He was born June I, i864. at SSusanville, Lassen county, Cal- ifornia, the son of George W. and Margaret A. RU-SSELL A. ALFORD, residing six miles (Elliott) Downing. The father, a native of In- southwest of Klamath Falls, Kilamath county, diana, removed to Missouri, antI served a short Oregon, is a prominent stock-raiser and general period in the Civil War, and was discharged business manl of that community who has oxving to poor health. Following this event he achieved success commensurate with his enter- crossed the plains in i862, locating in Lassen prise, indlnstrv a nd( superior business sagacity. cointv, California. The mother, a native of Vir- He is a native Oregonian, having been born in ginia, is now living in Oakland, California, Ir I I i HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 1IOI They were the parents of six children; Thomas large farm in Spring Lake valley, some thirteen J., a commercial man, of Oakland, California; miles south of Klamath Falls. Here he gives his our subject, Frank I-I.; Ulysses S. G., now en- attention to stock raising anal general famina gaged in the hotel business in British Columbia He is a member of the A. 0. U. Wk'. The brothers i\rs. J. L. Smith, of Oakland; Lucy, of Oak- and sisters of our subject are Charles J. and Mrs. land and James P. of Tonapah, Nevada. Elizabeth Ransby, of Klamath Falls, John II. at With his parents our subject removed to Merrill, Alay and Maude at home. Our subject Santa Barbara county, where he attended the grew up in the various places where his parents public schools in that vicinity and grew to man- lived and received his edtucation from the coim- hood, having received a practical business edu- mon schools and at the Medford business col- cation. In i890 he went to Siskivou county Cal- lege. He thoroughly learned the miller busi- ifornia, where he engaged in general business, ness in all its branches and was associated with remaining there until the spring of I903 when, his father until the latter retired from business. in partnership with his oldest brother, he pur- Mr. Martin owns one-third interest in the mill chased his present home and they engaged in at Merrill, where he resides, also a third interest in the stock business. They have over one thous- the one at Klamath Falls. His brother, Charles and, two hundred acres of land, all fenced, quite owns a third interest in each plant and the father a large band of cattle, the land being mainly de- owns the other third in each one. While our voted to hay and grazing purposes. subject handles the one at Merrill, his brother is This property lies about three miles west of in charge of the one at Klamath Falls, being ex- Miller Lake. MNIr. Downing has won his nn- an experienced and skillful miller. Our subject doubted prosperity by a continued career of in- has owned his interest in the Klamatb Falls mill dustry and superior business sagacity in the con- since i895 and the Merrill one for four years. duct of whatever enterprise he had in hand. He In addition to the business mentioned, Mr. i\lar- be-an with practically no means at his command tin in company with his brother Charles has I an(l has achieved success in the face of many dis- opened a general merchandise establishment in hearteninig obstacles. Today he is one of the Merrill. This was in June, 1904, and it is now well-to-do citizens of the community in which he one of the substantial business enterprises of the resides. His home comprises an excellent house, county. They own a large building and have a fine orchard, substantial barns and an abundance fine and complete stock of (Iry goods, hardware, of water in his immediate vicinity. clothing and gents furnishing, groceries, farm Fraternally Mr. Downing is a member of implements and so forth. The mills are each the order of the Eagles, his lodge being at Yreka- of sixty barrel capacity per day and in addition California. to what has been mentioned, Mr. Martin has a fine residence and other property. On May 21, i899, Mr. Martin married TMliss S. EDWARD TMARTIN, a responsible and Mvrtle B. Ramsby. a native of Oregon. Her leading business man of Klamath county, is re- parents are Ephraim and Sophia (Woodcock) siding at Merrill. He was born on December Ramsby, the former an early pioneer of Oregon 7, T874, near Otterville, Illinois, the son of and the latter born in Oregon, and both now liv- Thomas and Thirza (Pattenmore) Martin, both ing at Klamath Falls. To Mr. and Mrs. Martin, natives of En-land. They came to the United two children have been born. Vera and Dorotha States in 1872, and dwelt in Illinois. Six years E. He is one of the substantial men of Klamath later they journeyed to Phoenix, Oregon, where county and is well known all over this part of the father followed his trade of milling. In the country, where be has hosts of friends. I884, thev came to Klamath Falls and the father erected the Linkville flour mill which was the first completed in this county. He erected it at first as the burr system but since then the roller HARRY H. VAN VATAKENITURG. an en- process has replaced the former. In partnership terprising farmer and stock raiser, resides four with Frank S. Brandon. he erected the roller miles southwest of Klamath Falls on the Poke- mills at Merrill. These two places are the only gama road. He was born March 4, i866, at milling establishments in Klamath county and Rockford, Illinois, the son of George VanValk- have been instrumental in building tip the coun- enburg. The latter was a native of Illinois and try. Mr. I\[artin was among the early pioneers enjoved tile distinction of a splendid war record here and has always been a very enterprising serving with the federal forces four years and and progressive nian. Two years since, he re- being wotinded five times. Having received a tired from the mill business and moved to his promotion to a first lieutenancy he was sent home I - ,_J 1020 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGONT. invalided from a wound, and died in i867. He WILLIAM S. HOAGLAND, who is a was a descendant of an old and distinguished farmer and stock raiser, residing some nine niles Holland fahily. southeast of Bonanza, has certainly shown hlin- The mother of our subject, Josephine (Bil- self to be an active builder in the great common- lick) Van Valkeuburg, is also, a native of Ill- wealth of western United States. He was born inois, and is now the wife of Ky Taylor, of on March 6, I837, in Holmes county, Ohio, the Klamath Falls. Our subject has one brother, son of Arod and Margaret (Anderson) Hoag- L. G. Van Valkenburg, of Sumas, Washington. land. The father was an early pioneer of Illi- After the death of his father, our subject ac- nois then came in I844 with his family to Coles comipanied his mother to Poweshiek county, county, being among the first settlers there. Iowa, where he was educated in the public Later he moved to -Moultrie county in the same schools in that vicinity, and subsequently worked state and there remained until his death ill 1854. on a farm. It was in i88i that he removed to Our subject accompanied his parents to Coles the far west, and in I882 came to Klamath county and in that frontier place he was reared county, remained on the ranch till i890 then vis- and received his education. The schools were ited Washington and Montana. Returning to very primitive and he had to travel four miles Klamath Falls in i895, lie engaged in the jewelry to a little log cabin where his studying was done. business. In this he continued until the spring of He remembers well the days when they traveled 1904. Soon after his arrival here he studied fifty miles to mill. On July 7, i86i in Douglas telegraphy and had a telegraph office in his jew- county, Illinois, he enlisted in Company H, Twen- elry store. For a while, also, he had the tele- ty-fifth Illinois Infantry as regimental wagon phone office in connection with the telegraph master. They were transferred to Missouri in- system. mediately and he participated in the battle of Entering the political field in i898 he was Pea Ridge. In I862 he was at the evacuation of .elected county treasurer on the Republican tick- Corinth, Mississippi and then was with General et, and was re-elected in i900, and again in1902. Buell at Louisville, Kentuckv. He was at the In the last named election he was the only Re- battle of Crab Orchard and through exposure publican candidate elected on the ticket which was paralyzed before but he continued was defeated generally by a majority of one with his command until they got to Crab hundred and fifty. This is a political record ot Orchard and there was discharged on ac- which M\ar. Van Valkenburg may certainly feel count of disability in October. 1862. In proud. During the spring of 1903 he purchased i864 he was engaged by the government as his present place of one thousand, eight hundred wagon master for a supply train at Raleigh, Mis- acres, about half of which is farm and hay land, souri. After this he took up farnling, then sold and the other half grazing range. The entire his property and moved to Barber county, Kan- ranch is fenced and provided with a comfortable sas. in 1883. In the spring of 1889 he journeyed house and commodious barn. This land lies west again and came this time to Klainatlh along the western bank of the Klamath river. It county and in I897 he purchased his present was in July, 1904, that he disposed of his store place. He has a quarter section of good land. and removed on to the ranch where he is now one hundred acres of which are in cultivation profitably engaged in the stock business, and also The place is supplied with a good residence. owns some property in town still. large barn and Mr. Hoagland makes a specialty November 14, 1897, our subject was married of raising grain and hav and also handles some to Emmnia M\cIlmoil, a native of Marysville, Cal- cattle. He is a member of the G. A. R. and also ifornia. She is a daughter of R. H. MIcIlmoil, of the I. 0. 0. F. In i898 he was elected as- one of the early pioneers of the Pacific slope, sessor on the Republican ticket and served txvo who same here in I852. In 1884 he came to Kla- vears. In December, I899, M\r. Hoagland mar- math county, but removed to Phoenix, Arizona, ried Miss Frances Bear. in 1900. A point of early history in his life is of inter- Twelve years ago. with practically no means, est and we append the same. In the spring of our sulbj ect returned to Klamath county, and 1859 he started from Illinois journeving svest to worked for one dollar a dav on the same ranch Atrhiso4n. Kansas. There he joined a freighlit that he now owns. He is a member of the A. outfit and wvent as far as Salt Lake City with F:. & A. AM., and the A. 0. IT. W., both lodges themr. The train consisted of thirty-one wagaons, of IKlamath Falls. In the spring of I904 Mr. eacrh of which was supplied wvith six yoke of oxen. Van Y'alkenburg was a (elegate to the state con- He drove one of the teams but at Ogden, he vention at Portland, and ij Mi'e'1 er *f the st-te parted companv with the freight outfit and en- Republican central committee. gaged to assist in driving a band of cattle l iI I' I I HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 1021 through to California. Later he returned via ifornia. Mrs. Burnham came with parents the Panamia route to New York Citv and back to via New York city and the Panama route to Illinois. Mr. Hoagland had considerable exper- San Francisco in 1867. Her father settled in ience on the frontier and has also shown himself Butte county, California, and is living there now i an industrious and substantial man. aged seventy-two. Her mother died there on December 9, I885. To our subject and his wife i three children have been born: Ernest Horatio, in Butte county, California, on October 9, i886 HORATIO HILL BURiNHAM resides Hall Harrison, January 30, I894; Hazle Patter- i nine miles northwest of Langell postoffice in son, September io, i895. I Langells vallev. He owns six hundred and Mr. Burnham is a member of the A. F. & fortV acres of land, four hundred acres of which A. MI., having joined that order in i868, and of i are good for agricultural purposes. The place the I. 0. 0. F., while his wife belongs to the is utilized for pasture and timber. He has three Rebekahs. hundred acres under the plow at this time which It is of interest to know that MIr. Burnham annually raises bounteous crops of the cereals started here without any means whatever and and hay. His farm is provided with everything has gained his entire property holding through necessary for its successful operation including his efforts of thrift and industry. He stands well three fine barns, good house, splendid orchard in the community and is a man who has many with bands of stock, as cattle and horses. He warm friends. has a very fine spring on the place which irri- gates his garden and orchard. Horatio H. Burnham was born in New l Brunswick, Canada, on April I, I847. His father, JAMES B. MOORE, one of the successful Enock B., was a native of the same place and and enterprising stock raisers of Klamath coun- came to Minnesota where he remained until his ty, residing three miles southwest of Klamath death. He married Mary H. Hall, also a native of Falls, is a native of Washington. He was born New Brunswick, where, also, her death occur- near Walla Walla, March i6, i862, the son of red. The brothers and sisters of our subject Joseph Moore. The latter is a native of Muncie,_ are Mrs. Julia Smith, Samuel and Mrs. Mary Indiana, who crossed the plains in I850 and lo- WilKenson. all of Minneapolis. Horatio H. is cated in Washington territory, near Walla the third of the children. At the age of sixteen, Walla, where he engaged in general farming having acquired a good common school educa- and stock raising. Twenty-two years ago he tion in his home place, he journeyed to Maine, came to Klamath county where he continued to and there learned the tanner's trade. In Sep- make his home until recently. He has just re- i868, lie sailed from New York city and moved to Fresno, California, where he expects tember. i journeyed via the Isthmus of Panama to San to make his permanent home. He is about sev- Francisco and went thence to Santa Cruz. In enty-six years of ago, a devoted member of the I 1870, he went to Butte county, California, and M. E. church, in which he does church work engaged in mining for two years. His next in the line of preaching. The mother of our sub- venture was to purchase a sawmill which busi- ject was Elizabeth E. (Morris) Moore, a native ness employed him until i889, then he sold his of Tennessee. She died in 1902 at the age of propertv and came overland with teams to seventy-five years, a devoted and consistent Langells vallev, settling on the place he had pur- member of the M. E. church, a noble woman and chased the winter before. He had one hundred one without enemies. The brothers and sisters of our subject are iI and sixtv acres of unimproved land and went to 0 work to build a home and make a fortune. He Joseph M., of Klamath county: William E., Ma- now has the fine estate mentioned above and is dera county, California; Lvydia A., of Madera Ii, very prosperous. county: Mrs. Martha F. Sigler, Klamath Falls; i On November 26, I885, Mr. Burnham mnr Mrs. Alice Norton, Woodland, California. ried Sarah Patterson, who was born in Coles In i868, at the age of six years, our subject county, Illinois, the daughter of John W. and accompanied his parents to Davisville, Sacre- Louisa (Weaver) Patterson, natives of Indiana mento county, California, remaining there one and Pennsylvania, respectively. Mrs. Burn- year, subsequently removing to Lake county, in ham has the following named brothers and sis- the same state. A few years afterward the fam- ters: Harmon and Samuel. of Oroville, Califor- ily located in Yolo county. Having passed sev- nia; Myles. of Durham, California: Thomas, de- eral years in the public schools of California ceased; and Mrs. Lucy Strong, of Paradise, Cal- our subject went to Mendocino county and in ,we = l 1022 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. I883 came to Oregon and located in Klamath was united in marriage to Rosa Wolf, who was county. He secured a homestead in Poe valley, born in the Williamette valley. Her parents were made a number of trips to California, and lived among the earliest pioneers of Oregon, her fath- at Red Bluffs four years. Two years ago he lo- er now living near Falls City, Oregon. Her cated permanently on his present ranch of nine mother is dead. Eugene F., M\lary E. and Agnes hundred acres, where he is profitably engaged M. are the three children of Mr. and Mrs. Mc- in stock-raising. Two hundred and fifty acres Cornack. of this land are under cultivation, the ranch is all The extensive ranch owned by the 2McCornack fenced, he has a good house, barn, and all neces- Brothers comprise nearly twelve thousand acres, sary farming implements. His stock consists mainly hay, swamp and grazing land. They are of cattle and horses of which he has a fine band. engaged in raising cattle, sheep, and horses, and January I, i899, our subject was married to have quite a considerable herd of stock, princi- Nettie F. Lewis, daughter of Leon and Mary pally cattle and sheep. Our subjcet has witness- Lewis. To them have been born three children, ed many of the vicissitudes of life, and endured Nellie L., James 1\M.and Lola E. 1\Mr. Moore many of life's hardships. At one period, he came to Klamath county with only a horse and worked on ranches for others where the remuner- cart, and was compelled to work for wages ation did not rise to over fifty cents per day. And among the neighboring ranches. During three this experience ran through a number of well and one-half years he drove a team for the late remembered years. He came to the community Judge G. W. Smith. He was one of the early in which he now resides, with very limited settlers of Klamath county, endured many vicis- means, and his unqualified success is due to the situdes and hardships, but today he is recognized sterling qualities of industry, energy and super- as one of the successful and enterprising busi- ior natural business ability. ness men of the locality in which he resides. Mr. and Mrs. McCornack are members of the Presbyterian church. Politically, he is a Republican, a progressive citizen and highly es- teemed by all with whom he has business or FRANK H. McCORNACK residing five social relations. miles northwest of Klamath Falls, is in partner- ship with his brother, Eugene P. McCornack, and together they own one of the best bands of .stock in the vicinity. Our subj ect was born LUCIEN B. APPLEGATE is well known January 31, i869, near Eugene, Oregon. His in Klamath county. His residence, one of the father, Alexander McCornack, was a native of finest in the county, is eight miles northeast of Scotland who came to the United States when Klamath Falls in the Swan Lake valley. There quite young, settling first in Illinois. In I852 Mr. Applegate has a magnificent estate of five he crossed the plains with ox teams extending thousand acres, a considerable portion of which his journey through to Puget sound. A short produces alfalfa, timothy and grain. He has time afterward he came to Lane county, Oregon, commodious out buildings, besides a large ten and located on a donation claim. One of the room two story residence, well supplied with all earliest pioneers of Lane county, he enlisted as modern conveniences. Mr. Applegate gives his a volunteer in the memorable Modoc War, and attention to farming and stock raising and has *soon afterward was killed by a runawav team. prospered very much in these endeavors. Each This sad accident occurred near his home, in winter he takes his family to California, both for Lane county. the purpose of improving his life and giving The mother of our subject was Maria (Ea- his children first class educational facilities. kin) McCornack, a native of Ireland. She came Lucien B. Applegate was born in St. Clair to Illinois where she was married and crossed county, Missouri on April 24, 1842, the son of the plains with her husband, dying in I902. Our Lindsay and Elizabeth (Miller) Applegate. subj ect is the youngest of a family of twelve These worthy pioneers joined the first emigrant children, all of whom are living with the excep- train that ever wended its way through the wilds tion of the oldest. Reared on the Lane county' to the Pacific coast, it being led by Marcus Whit. ranch, he was educated in the public schools in man and made that journey with their infant his vicinity, and, also, attended the state uni- son, in 1843. Whitman has often been credited versity, at Eugene. and the business college at with bringing the first train of emigrants across Salem. Oregon. He removed to his present lo- the plains to the Pacific coast, but he followed cation in T891, where he at once engaged in the the train which Mr. Applegate was conducting, stock business. ihe same year, December 25, he overtaking them when they were nearly through. HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 1023 him and he has so wrought that his efforts have After that he rendered valuable assistance in emigrants of the Applegate train resulted in much good besides the accumulation furthering the of his fine fortune. and those with him. Fremont, also, followed Upon the outbreak of the Rebellion, Mr. Ap- overtaking them. The the Applegate trail until plegate was commissioned by Governor Gibbs, first ones had a very hard time as they were major of the Oregon volunteers. Mr. Apple- called on to clear much of the way in hard places gate has always taken an active part in politics, the Willamette valley Settlement was made in Dut never would accept office for himself. where our subject was reared. Owing to the fact that school facilities were very limited he was obliged to study at home under the instruc- tion of his father. In those primitive days, the JOHN I. DONNELL, a farmer and stock light for the student was the flickering glare of raiser residing fourteen miles northwest from the fireplace and the dim blaze of the wick lying Bonanza near the head of Alkali valley, was born in a vessel of oil, and despite all these drawbacks, on January 15, i844, in Westmoreland county, he received a good education, as did also the Pennsylvania. His father, M\poses D., was also a other brothers of the family. His father owned native of the same county and followed black- a toll road across the mountains from Oregon to smithing. He remained there until his death in California and at one time owned a large por- i862, being then sixty-two years of age. He tion of the land where Ashland is now situated. had married Miss Sockman who was also born Our subject was engaged in the mercantile busi- in that county. She died in i866, aged sixty-two. ness when he arrived at manhood's estate and Our subject was the youngest child in the fam- was also interested in the woolen mills. He ily, the others being named as follows: Mrs. came with his father to help locate the Klamath Margaret Neville, of Dayton, Pennsylvania, agency. After that, he was superintendent of Mrs. Susan Gormin of Burr Oak, Kansas; Char- farming there and in i869, located in Swan Lake lotte, deceased; William, who served in the Civil valley. The valley received its name from the War and is now deceased; Thomas, of Madison fact that numbers of these noble birds were county, Arkansas, who served three years in the found on the lake. He engaged in stock busi- Civil War. Our subject grew up in his native ness and this has been his home ever since. His county and in addition to receiving a good ed- means were very limited when he started and sc ucation from the common schools, learned the well has he conserved the resources to be found blacksmith trade from his father. In September, that he is now one of the wealthy men of this i86i, he enlisted for three years in the Union part of the state. Army being in Company C, Fourth Pennsylvania On June 7, i866, Mr. Applegate married Cavalry. He was transferred from Harrisburg, Miss Margaret E. Grubb, who was born in Io- Pennsylvania to Washington, D. C.. then was sent wa and crossed the plains with her parents in to the Army of the Potomac tinder General George 1852. Her father and mother, Samuel and B. McClelland. His first fight was in the Seven Elizabeth Grubb, were early pioneers from Iowa Day Battle of Richmond, then he was at An- to the Rogue river valley. To our subject and tietman, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, after his wife six children were born, named below: which he participated in the awful struggle at Elmer Ivan, married to Esther Ogden, who was Gettysburg. He was in the battle of the wilder- a special student in botany in Stanford Univer- ness, of Spottsylvania and took part in the strug- sity and was for two years professional botanis gle of Petersbturg. He was in much other fighting in the employ of the government covering the and in all was in fifty-two battles. He was in country from California to Washington but is constant service and although in the hottest of now secretary of the Klamath Water Users As- the fights where scores of men were shot down sociation in the government irrigation project; around him, he never received a wound. His Minnie A., wife of C. C. Chetwood, of Klamath clothing was frequently pierced by bullets and Falls, and she is well educated and a talented art- he was, as it would seem, at the very cannon's ist; Fred L. married to Myra VanBrunner; Eve- mouth, but providence decreed that he should lyn R., a graduate of the conservatory of music in escape uninjured. He had two horses shot San Jose, California: Bessie B., a student at down tinder him and he was in many, inany -stanford; and Elsie T., studying music in San trying places. He never was in the hospital Jose. and although sometimes sick, he never was Mr. Applegate is a member of the A. F. & so disabled but that he always reported for A. M. and the A. 0. U. W. He is a man wh duty. The result was that Mr. Donnell receives the esteem and respect of all who knoA experienced a terrible and trying time, dur- 1-b __ i . -0 1024 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. ing the years of his military career. His cup York. In Winnebago county he secured land of hardship and arduous service was filled to upon whichl he resided until I853, when the stir- the brim but he showed himself a staunch and ring times on the Pacific coast attracted his at- capable manl and a brave soldier, whose actions tention an(l he made the perilous trip across the in defense of his country, gained him a higher great plains, accompanied by his family, a wife command. After being mustered out, he re- and five children. Six months and four days from turned to his home in Pennsylvania then travel- their departure they arrived in the Rogue River ed around for several years and finally, in i870, valley. He secured a donation claim, and then located in Jewel county, Kansas, where he en- found himself with but limited means at his com- gaged at his trade. In I883, he came to Ogden. mand. Potatoes were selling at twentv-five with wagon train, whence he journeyed by cars cents per pound, and flour at thirty-three dollars to San Francisco and shipped to Coos Bay, per hundred pounds. Here the elder Stearns Oregon. He worked at his trade for the Coos traded a two-horse wagon for one hundred hills Bay Coal Company until the fall of i885, when of potatoes-and dug them himself. He was he came to Dairy, in the Alkali valley. He op- accompanied across the plains by three brothers erated a shop for a time there, then sold out and and two sisters, Myron N., Samuel E., Avery P., opened a general merchandise store. After this, Mrs. \elina A. W illiams and M\rs. Charlotte E. he was appointed postmaster which place he held Pengra. \\ ith the exception of Mrs. Pengra for about twelve years. Then he removed to his they all settled in the Rogue River valley. With ranch and engaged in farming and stock raising. her husband, Blyron Pengra, she located near He owns one hundred and sixty acres of land Eugene, Oregon. He was one of the founders and raises mostly hay for his stock. He has a fine of the town of Springfield, Oregon. With the barn, residence and other improvements while exception of the two sisters the family is now de- his place is especially well provided with water. ceased. David E. Stearns died in 1878. Mr. Donnell is a member of the A. 0. U. W. The paternal grandfather of our subject, On Iarch 3I, 187I, Mr. Donnell married Har- John Stearns. born at MXfonkton, Vermont, April riet Bl. Harrell, born in Westmoreland county, 14, 1778, accompanied his son, David E., across Pennsylvania, and was living in Ralls county, the plains. At the advanced age of ninety-two Missouri, at the time of her marriage. She died on years he passed away in the Rogue River valley May 22, I902. Seven children have been born in )Iay, 1870. The mother of David E. Stearns, to this union, three of whom died in Kansas. The died in Vermiont at the age of one hundred others the Blanch, the wife of Loren Bailey, years, and his grandmother died in Winnebago of Lakeview, Oregon; John H., Myrtle L., and county, Illinois, June 9, 1852. A great-grand- Cora M. father of our subject, Ebenezer Stearns, was a Mr. Donnell is a reliable and substantial man native of New Hampshire, and was captured by and is one of the good citizens of Klamath coun- the Tories during the Revolutionary war. A ty. Since the above was written Mr. Donnell genealogy of the Stearns family has been pub- died at his home near Dairy, January II, 1905, lished in two volumes, and it contains more than and was buried at Bonanza cemetery. eighteen thousand names, all descendents from three brothers who came from England to Amer- ica on the shipArabella, in i630. They settled in Watertown, Massachusetts. HON. ORSON AVERY STEARNS, the Our subject had five brothers and sisters, pioneer settler of Klamath county, is of long and viz: Oscar L., deceased, Newell D., deceased, honorable record and a decendant of one of the Mrs. Arminda Purves. of Rogue River valley, most distinguished families in the United States. George A., deceased and Emily M., deceased. At present he is engaged in general farming and In i864 our subject enlisted in Company I, First dairying, and resides seven miles west of Klamath Oregon Infantry, his being the first name on the Falls. He is a native of Winnebago county, company roster. Illinois, born January 9, I843. His father, He saw service in Oregon, and was stationed David E. Stearns, a son of Vermont, was born at Fort Klamath. but was in various parts of the February ii, i8o8, and subsequently became one state at different times. Some comrades in his of the earliest settlers of Winnebago county, company discovered what is now called "Crater going there in I835 and casting his lot with the Lake." Our subject named this body of water ancient tribe of Winnebago Indians, that is, re- Majestic Lake, and by that name it was recog- siding in a locality entirely surrounded by them. nized two years. It was later renamed Crater By trade the elder Stearns was a carpenter, and Lake by James Sutton, editor of the Oregorr built.some of the larger buildings in Buffalo, New Sentinel, who published the account of a discov- Orson A. Stearns Charles D. Willson Louis Hessig III -- M - HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. I025 ery of a crater on an island in the lake. In July and took up the grocery business in the spring of 1867, he was mustered out, being a member of I890. He was not very successful at the start one of the last companies to be discharged after but has since become to be one of the wealthy men the war. The present townsite of Linkville, or of Klamath Falls and is doing an extensive busi- Klamath Falls, was the first location in the ness. He is a member of the Elks in Portland, county. Two weeks subsequently our subject and the Foresters in Klamath Falls. When he secured his place, and a man named 0. T. Brown landed in this county, he had very limited means took the third place, on Spencer creek. For hut at the present time, he owns much valuable thirty-seven years Mr. Stearns has made his business property in Klamath Falls, has a fine home in one place in Klamath county. He par- two story, ten room residence and several hun- ticipated in the Mvlodoc war. dred acres of choice timber land. MIrs. Willson In Sacramento, California, MIay 17, I873 was born in Phelps county, Missouri. Her father, our subject was married to Margaret J. Riggs, Leonard B. Ally, was a wealthy citizen of that born in Ray county, Missouri. The wife died county and later moved to Oregon where he re- M\ay I7, 1895, on1the twenty-second anniversary mained until his death. He married Miss Lou of their wedding. To them were born three chil- Love who is now living in Portland. To Mr. dren, Leslie Orrin, Blanche Alice, wife of George and Mrs. Willson, three children have been born, Ager, and Eva May, wife of Theodore Bryant. Thomas, deceased, Della and Arthur. January 10, 1897, our subject was again married, his bride being Luella M. Sherman, daughter of Salsburv Sherman, a second cousin of William Tecumseh Sherman, the distinguished union LOUIS HESSIG is a well known merchant general. They have one child, E. Orson Everett at Fort Klamath where. he has a fine business es- Stearns, born September i, i898. Our subject tablishment and is favored by a good trade. He was the first justice of the peace in Klamath was born on Jthne 27,, 1843, in Galena, Illinois. county, and in I88o was elected representative His father, Jacob Hessig, a native of Switzer- onl the Republican ticket. land, came to Illinois in earlv days and was a pioneer miner at Galena. He was also one of the first copper miners of the copper district and in i849, crossed the plains with ox teams. He met CHARLES D. WILLSON, a merchant in with much opposition from the Indians and had Klamath Falls, was born on November 6, i862, a hard trip, twelve of the party being killed by in Clinton, Iowa. His father William N. Will- the savages. B'eing one of the earliest pioneers son, was born in the state of New York and to 'he Golden State, he assisted to hew many of came with his father, Daniel Willson, the grand- the first trails throtugh the country. His trade father of our subject, to where Clinton county, wvas carpentering and he followed that in various Iowa, now is. He was one of the first settlers mining mills and erected a quartz mill at French there. Daniel Willson later lived in Root county Gulch, where he was interested. He was in most and followed his profession, that of physician, of the leading camps of the state and continued there for many years. He was a member of the last in the business until his death in 1862, which oc- territorial legislature and the first state legisla- curred in Shasta county. He was burried by the ture of that state. Mr. William Willson married Royal Arch Masons. He had been a good and Miss Sarah Tupper, the mother of our subject. upright man and had many friends, during his She was born in Sheboygan, Michigan. Charles life. He had married Miss Rosa Versell, a native D. has one sister, Mrs. Ballard, of Klamath Falls. of Switzerland. After his death she married Mr. Our subject left home when a boy and was en- Francis and is now living with one of her grand- gaged at various occupations, and in 1883 came children in Edgewood, California, aged eighty- to Cassia county, Idaho where on July I2, of the four. She has one brother, Joseph Versell, who same year he married Mav D. Alley. They were is a pioneer of Rock Island county, Illinois, and the first couple married in Cassia county and served as assessor of his county for twenty-two came thence to Columbia county, Oregon, where years. He is now ninetv-five years of age, hale his parents were. Mrs. Willson, the mother of and hearty. Our subject is the oldest of three our subject, died there and her husband is now children. His brother Jolin, who was a promising living in Klarnath Falls, one of the prosperous young man, was slain by the Indians in i864, and wealthy men here. In i888, Mr. Willson while mining at Hay Fork, Trinity county, Cali- came to Klamath county. He first engaged in fornia. He was then aged nineteen years. Mary, the stock business, afterward he moved to town the sister of our subject, is now deceased. She 65 I. W . - - I - ] 026, HISTORY1 OF CENTRAL OREGON. was the wife of Dave Gibson. who was one of land. They migrated to the United States in ;the fortvniners of California and the first man in i844 and made settlement in Vermont, where this the Humboldt country. He got there about i850 laughter wvas born. Later they removed to Burn- andl reniaiue(l until i885, the time of his death. ham, Maine, where they reside at this time. Ile was there when the Laura Virginia came into port, the first ship that ever entered Humboldt lay. AIr. Gibson was conducting the first pack ALFORD MlELHASE, residing about four train into that country an(l one dav when out of miles southwest of Fort Klamatlh, Klamath camup was shot by the I ndlians, one ball entering county, Oregon, is one of the most extensive his bodi' and an arrow his groin. As he came and prosperous ranchers in that vicinity. He was staggering back to the camp, he was mistaken for born June 7, i858, in Prussia, Germany. He is an Indian an(l his friends shot him with a charge of a family of seven children, viz: Fred, our sub- of buckshot. However. he survived it all and lived ject, Richard, Gustave, Emmna, Clara and Bertha, until i885. It is interesting to note that while deceased. handling this pack train, one of the hands, an old When ten years of age our subject came sailor, expressed himself as not understanding from Germnany with his parents, sailing from why they unshipped their cargo every night. Hamburg and landing in New York city. This Our subject came via the Panama route in 1854 was in i868, soon after the close of the Civil to San Francisco, arriving there on April 2. \War. From the metropolis of the Empire state They immediately went to French Gulch to join the family removed to Hannibal, Missouri. There his father, but later went to Weaversville, where still residing with his parents, lie grew to man- he attended school. After that, he followed hood. In i889, at the age of thirty-one years, packing for years in Humboldt county, then was Mlr. MIelhase removed to Oregon. locating first engage(l in the general merchandise business with at Klamath Falls, where he resided two years. his brother-in-law. David Gibson, for fourteen At the close of that period he came to the vi- years. After that perio(l, he went to Siskiyou cinity where he now resides and, in a small way, county and took up stock raising. During all engaged in the stock business. He confesses these years, Mr. Hessig was well acquainted with that lie experienced periods of ill fortune, and pioneer life. being out in the camps in snow and "went broke" a couple of times. But in I896 storm and enduring all sorts of hardships while the clouds broke, exhibited a silver lining, and lie performed his arduous labor. He also showed since then lie has accomplished a great deal in the true frontiersman spirit and overcame many the way of acquiring a competence. In that year obstacles that seemed utnsurmountable. Finally, he purchased three hundred and twenty acres of in 0oo0, he came to Fort Klamath and opened a land, to which he subsequently added until lie merchandise establishment. He now has a nice now has seven hundred and twenty acres, all store, a good residence, and enjoys a liberal pat- natural meadow land and well adapted to the ronage. He still owns a stock ranch in Siskivou grazing of sheep which is his principal industry. county, California besides other property. Mir. 1Ielhase also owns seven hundred and six- Fraternally, lie is affiliated with the A. F. & tv acres in another tract which is mainly hay and A. I\1., having joined in 1876. swamp land. He also has a half section neai On May i, 1872, Mr. Hessig married Miss Klamath Falls. On his original homestead he Charlotte Keer, a native of Denmark. After sev- has a fine seven room house, two large barns. enteen years of happy life, Mrs. Hessig was supplied with all the conveniences necessary for called to the worl(l bevond, leaving a devoted successful sheep growing, and lie is, in short, husband, three soils and a daughter. She was a one of the most substantial sheep growers. And member of the ]Eastern Star an(l was a lady be- all this prosperity has come to him since i896- loved by all. The children are Harry, Herbert, a trifle over eight brief years. He has a large 'John Humboldt, Joseph and Mfrs. Salmona Jos- band of sheep and quite a number of cattle and ephilne Farewell, of San Francisco. The two horses. voulgest bovs are gradllates of Heald's business June 13 i88i, M\r. Melhase was married to colle.e, of San Feracisco. Dora Brummer, a native of Cincinnati, Ohio In 1895. I\r. Hessig contracted a second mar- She was reared at Hannibal, Missouri, where riagc ,rs. Mlarv Bridget Francis Butler becom- her parents are both living. Mrs. Mlelhase has ing his wife at that time. They are both highlv one sister, Marv, w\ife of Richard M\felbapse, resspected people and have won the confidence of brother of our subject. Six chil(lren have been all. born to our subject annd his estimable wife. viz: AIr. Ile.sig is the (laughter of Patrick and To11n, Delia, Eimma, William, Edna, and Daniel Elizabeth (M\lcCormic) Sulivan, natives of Ire- W. HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 1027 Our subject is a member of the A. 0. U. NV. first winter. During the evenings he kept tip his of Klamath Falls. He is one of the pioneers of studies and the next Xcar he followed teaming the conimunity in which he resides, and this was in Virginia City. In the fall of i863. Mr. Shook not his first experiece in the west, as, in 1875, walked from Virginia City to Susanville and he went with his parents to Humboldt. California, used all the money lie had to start a store with. where they lived three years, returning to Han- In the fall of the next year, lie sold out and went nibal. lie is enterprising, broad minded anc to where his parents had located in l'hleeiix. progressive, and takes a lively interest in educa Oregon, they crossed the plains in 1864. In the tional work. His father died a few years since spring of i869, lie started out to find a first class his mother is still living. stock location and lighted on Yoniia valley. ili what is now Klamath county. Such excellent grass, fine water and other favorable things as \vere evident there induced him to locate and he HON. JOHN SAMUEL SHOOK is one of succeeded in getting his people to come there too. the first settlers within the precincts of Klamath They bought a few head of stock and went into county. His residence is one and one-half miles business. Very few people were in the country south of Dairy and he was born on February 26, then and much danger was experienced from 1847, in Ripley county, In(liana. His father, hostile Indians. During the Modoc War, Mr. Anion Shook, was also a native of Indiana. John Shook enlisted as scout in Company B, Oregon Shook Sr., the father of Anion, came from State Militia and was chosen sergeant. He did Baltimore, Alarvland to Indiana, settling in excellent service, was in nianv trying and danger- the Miami bottoms in early da-s. There ous places, assisted to quell thle savages and when he lived until aged eighty-four, the time of the war, was ended returned to his ranch. Later his death. Our subject's father came on lie located a sawmill at the Big Springs, which to Iowa in early days anid in i864 crossed he afterward called Bonanza where Bonanza is the plains to Jackson county, Oregon. In i869 now located and furnished the lumber to build he located in Klamath county and remained there the first school house in Bonanza. After comn- until his death in 1903, lie being then eighty- pleting it, lie taught the first term of school there seven years of age. He had married Catharine then later he dropped the lumber industry and Yost, who was born in Jennings county, In(li- turned his attention exclusively to stock raising, ana. Her father was born in Germnany. Her being in partnership with his brothers, Isaac N. grandfather on her mother's side, Saiiiuel Glas- and David P. In '887, Isaac N. Shook sold his gowv was born in Pgelnsylvania and lived to be one interests and the firm has been confined to the hundred years of age. He camne from Scotch two brothers since. Thev are known among the ancestry. Mrs. Shook is still living, her hone leading stockmen of this part of Oregon and being that of our subject and her age eighty- have bands of cattle and horses besides three three. Her children are MIrs. M\Iary J. Sutton, thousand acres of land, two thousand acres of near Dairy; M\rs. Hattie Parker, of Los Angeles, which are mostlv meadow. At one time, the California; Mrs. Fannie Schumann, of Guata- Shook brothers had about two thousand head of mala, Central America; MIrs. Ada Rueck. near cattle on the range, besides a great many horses Dairy: John S., who is our subject; Isaac N., and mules. They have been very prosperous in of Ashland, Oregon; David P., a partner of our their business and now their extensive meadows, subject; and William H., of Klamath county. dotted with great hay stacks, their fine bands of M\lr. Shook canie with his parents to Davis well bred cattle and horses, and their other prop- county. Iowa, when a child. Schooling facilities ertv proclaim them leading and substantial men. were verv limited but he was determined to have In addition to the dangers from Inidians they an education so spent his evenings studying be- experienced considerable trouble with cattle and fore the hickory bark fire of the old fashioned horse thieves, but were instrumental in putting fireplace. At the age of fifteen, it being in the the latter entirelv out of business. In the spring spring of i862, he left home and took up the of 1904, _Mr. Shook was elected to represent the weary journey across the plains with a larga twentv-first district of Oregon in the state legis- emigrant train of ox teams. At American Falls lature, being joint representative of Klamath, on the Snake river, they were attacked by In- Lake, Crook and Grant counties. He is a man dians and ten of their party were killed while of experience, of ability and force. and will, with- fourteen were wounded. Coming on, he landed out doubt, conserve carefully the interests of his in Susanville, California, where our young trav- constituents. Mr. Shook is a member of the eler worked for fifteen dollars per month for the state stock association of Klamath county and 1028 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. was delegate to the national live stock associa- present time is raising cattle almost exclusively. tion at Portland in January, 1904. He was also On October 14, I875, Mr. Hanan married a delegate to the Republican state convention in TMiss Harriet C. Gilliland, a native of Putnam April, 1904. \Ilr. Shook has always shown a county, Illinois. Alexander B. Gilliland, her marked interest in getting the country settled father, was born in Brown county, Ohio, of up and developed and in making it prosperous. Scotch ancestry. He married Mary T. Willis He has done a lion's share in this noble endeavor and in the spring of 1853, with a family of three and is to be commended for his generosity and children they started across the plains to Oregon. progressiveness. He was a charter member of Mirs. Hanan was then four vears old. It took the Klamath Falls lodge, I. 0. 0. F. and also a them nine months to reach Douglas county and charter member of the Bonanza lodge when it the trip was arduous and trying. Mr. Gilliland was organized. Being a pioneer, he has endured took a donation claim and was one of the sturdy much hardship, performing a great deal of trying pioneers to build up that county. A few years and arduous labor, but despite it all, he is a man before his death, which occurred in I884, he re- well preserved, vigorous, forceful and has the tired from the farm to Roseburg. He was aged confidence and esteem of all the people. sixty-four at the time of his departure. The O(l April 20, 1904, M\r. Shook married mother died in i896. In i9oi, Mr. Hanan Cora (Jones) Blake, who was born at Cedar- brought all his cattle from west of the Cascades ville, Ohio. In addition to their stock business, to Klamath county. He has an estate of one the Shook brothers have taken great pains to thousand three hundred and twenty acres, where show what the country will produce and they he now lives, which produces abundance of hay have orchards in which some of the trees are over for his large herds. He has over four hundred twentv y-ears of age and in the fall of each year, head of cattle with horses enough to handle the these magnificent trees bend to the earth with enterprise. their great wealth of luscious fruit. They have Mr. Hanan is a member of the A. 0. 'U. W. fine vegetables and produce some of the choicest lodge and is a progressive and good man. They to be found in the country. Altogether they are have four children, George Mar, Ariel, deceased; known as thrifty, progressive and substantial Myrtle and Wren. MIr. Hanan is the fifth in his men. family and his brothers and sisters are named as follows: John C., William J. and Henry, de- ceased; MIrs. Ella, widow of A. C. Marks; Jeffer' EUGENE R. HANAN resides four miles son D., deceased; MIrs. Belle Fenton; and Rich- west of Fort Klamath and is one of the leading arcl E. Mrs. Hanan's brothers and sisters are stock raisers of Klamath county. He was born Lyle W., Mrs. Margaret Smith, Cyrus B., Rob- on January 10, I857 in Douglas county, Oregon. ert 0. and Cassius C. deceased; lnez, the wife George Hanan, his father, was born in Ireland of T. B. Foster and Lillie, the wife of John and came to New York with his parents in I844. Jamison, both of Portland. Mr. Foster is with They crossed the plains with ox teams in the sec- the First National Bank there. Mirs. Hanan was ond train that ever made the trip. They landed the second child of her father's family. in Oregon City and he there followed shoemak- ing. Afterward, he came to Garden valley on the Iimpqua in Douglas county and secured a do- nation claim. That was his home until his death JAMES G. WIGHT has the responsible po- in 1876, being then aged sixty-five years. He sition of county superintendent of schools for was a verv active and progressive man and did Klamath county. His residence is at Bonanza. very much to open and build up this thriving The birth of our subject occurred on April 27, countrv. He served as treasurer of Douglas i859, in Ontario, Canada. His father, James county and was a leading man there. He mar- W., was born in Scotland, a son of William ried Miss Eliza Evans, a native of New York Wight, who was a soldier in the Napoleonic city. The wedding occurred in that city and she wars. The mother of James G., Agnes (M.- accompanied her husband across the plains. She Kinley) Wight, was born in Scotland. The pub- is now living at Lewiston, Idaho, aged eighty- lic schools of Canada contributed the educational one. Our subject grew up on a farm in Douglas training of our subject then he studied in variols county and received his education from the early other lines. In 1879 he came to the United schools. He continued on the fArm until eight- States and settled first in Solano county, Cali- een years of age and then took up stock raising. fornia, where he gave his attention to studying He has handled both cattle and sheep and at the further. It was i885 that Mr. Wight came to HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. I029 Klamath county where he took up teaching. union, whose names are given below, Charles After that, he took a course in the state normal D., Walter S., Richard M., who is our subject, school at M\onmioutih, Oregon, graduating in Mark P., William H., Mrs. Elizabeth Morrison, 1896. Then he was principal of the high school and Mrs. Mlary C. Pankey. Our subject grew department at Carlton, Oregon, and now is up in Jackson county and came with his parents teaching his fourth term in the public schools of to Klamath county, in i889. He took a home- Bonanza. In the spring of 1904, he was elected stead on Anna creek and worked out for a time on the Republican ticket as superintendent of the to get means with which to improve it. Then countv schools and has given his attention to he began raising stock and continued there until that, together with his teaching. He is a very 1903, when he sold out the entire property and *efficient and thorough educator and has the con- bought his present farm. It is a fine place and fidence of the people and the good will of all. AMr. Morgan has prospered in handling it and in Mr. Wight is a member of the Methodist church raising stock. and is an exemplary citizen. He has a farm ol On 'May 30, i895, MIr. Morgan married Miss two hundred and forty acres of land in Yonna Tessie Scott. a native of Pennsylvania. She valley some twelve miles northwest of Bonanza came with her parents to Oregon twenty-two ,all of which is good land and a portion is in cul- years since. Her father and mother, Joseph and tivation. Jennie (Foster) Scott, now live in Medford, be- ing retired from active life. The father fought through the Civil war. Mrs. Morgan has two RICHARD AM. -MORGAN has done a good brothers, William and Thomas. 1Ir. Morgan work in Klamath county and is now one of the is a member of the Foresters and a man of first leading and representative stockmen. He re- class standing. They have three children, Floyd sides about a mile west from Fort Klamath, N., Jennie and Rydal B. where he has a fine estate of one quarter section of choice meadow land. The same is under irri- I 0 gation and produces abundance of forage for his bands of stock. He was born on September 2I, ALBION H. BOOTHBY is one of the prom- i868, in the Rogue river valley, Jackson county, inent and successful stock men of Klamath coun- Oregon. Edwin Morgan, his father, was born tv. He resides about four miles northwest from in England and came to the United States when Fort Klamath and was born January II, 1841, in a boy with his parents. They settled in the state Athens, Maine. His parents, Bradford and Re- of Nlew York and in 1850, he crossed the plains becca (Leman) Boothby, were also born in that with ox teams and on the journey had several state. The father's ancestors were English and severe fights with the Indians. They finally two brothers of them came to America with the landed in San Francisco all right and he drove very first colonists. They were stanch Amer- the first stage from Sacramento to Carson City. icalis and fought in the Revolution. He died He followed mining in the various camps about sixteen years since, aged seventy-five. The throughout the state and in the early fifties, came mother came from Scotch-English extraction to Oregon. He was a volunteer in the Rogue and is now living at South Livermore, Maine, River War and fought in several battles. He aged seventy-five. Our subject went to see her finally settled in Douglas county and took a do- some four vears since, after an absence of thirty- nation claim, but later, he came to Jackson coun- five vears. He is the oldest of five children, the ty and in i889, cettled in the Wood river valley, others being Adneyv Loretta, deceased, Edwirt where he remained until his death in February, and Mrs. Clara E. Howard. Our subject grew i896, being then sixty-five years of age. He was ul) in his native Place and there received a good a stanch and enterprising pioneer and had blazed education and also taught school for severaf the way into many regions that are now pros- terms. On February I8,T862, be started from perous places. He was an upright and good manl New York city on a steamer, via Panama. t@ and won many friends. In fraternal circles he San Francisco. landing at the Golden Gate about .fflliated with the I. 0. 0. F. He married Mliss the middle of 'Alarch. For a short time he fol- Lucretia F. Odin, a native of Missouri. She lowed mining then in the fall of T86a came to crossed the plains with her parents in I852, with Jackson county. Milling occupied him for a o-x teams and came direct to the Willamette val- time then he taught school and finally turned his 4i Icv. After the death of her husband, she went attention to sawmilling. On August T3. 1871, to Tackson county where she died in 1904, aged in Tackson county, Mr. Boothby married Miss sixty years. Seven children are the fruit of this Margaret J. Noland, who was born in Portland, I -44M I1030 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. Oregon. her father, Henry Noland, was a na- Shaw. Our subject had an excellent opportun- tive of Kentucky and came to Oregon as a pio- ity to gain an education in the Corvallis college neer. He died in Pendleton. His wife had diet and improved the same well. On December 17, when -Mrs. Boothbv was a small child. Our sub- i886, he married Miss Etta Matthews, whlo was ject lived at Prospect, in Jackson county and the born at Fort Lapwai, Idaho. Her father, Cap- last few tears spent there were occupied in rais- tain Jack Matthews, was a pioneer to the coast ing stock. In July, I903, he came to his present and a soldier in the Rogue River \Var. He rep- home where he secured a half section of fine land resented Jackson county in the state legislature Part of it is hay and part timber. Anna creek, a and at one time organized a company of Volun- beautiful mountain stream, clear and cold, crosses teers in Oregon to fight the Indians and was through the place and supplies abundance of stationed at Fort Lapwai. His death occurred water for irrigating purposes. He has a nico in Albany, Oregon, in i88o. He married Hen- band of stock and is well prospered. He owns a rietta Worth, who is now deceased. AMrs. Emery quarter section of land near Prospect, Oregon is an only child. Mir. Emery came to this county and also a hotel building in that place. Mr. and in i889 and engaged in farming and stock rais- Mrs. Boothbv are devout members of the M\Ieth- ing near Klamath Falls. In i896, he located at oclist church and are substantial and upright peo- his present place. He has a quarter section of ple. They have seven children : Sarah R., wife of fine hav land with a large band of stock. He has Joseph lBuck of Jackson county; Edwin M.. sold a good deal of stock and now gives his atten- Clara Al., wife of Chauncey F. Arant; Charles tion largely to dairving. When he landed in W. ; Albion T.; Ida I.; and Elfa A. Klamath county, he had no means whatever but by his industry and thrift has accumulated a fine competence. He is a member of the A. 0. U. W. and has JAMIES Al. EM\ERY, who resides about one served his third term as justice of the peace. To half mile north from Fort Klamath, was born oi. MIr. and MIrs. Emery, five children have been November i3, i865, in Gilrov, California. His born; Charles M., who is attending the agricul- father, Rev. Joseph Emery, was born in Pennsvl- tural college at Corvallis; Earl; Hazel, who has vania seventy-three years since. He was edtu- developed a fine musical talent; Edith and cated in the Washington and Jefferson college as Juanita. a Presbyterian minister and has followed preach- Mr. and MIrs. Emery are substantial people, ing and school teaching during all his life. He have won the confidence of all who know then. came west via the Panama route in i85o, to Cali- and have done much to build tip and advance the fornia, did mining for a couple of years then interests of the county. continued preaching. In i868, he came to Cor- vallis and was installed as professor of mathe- matics in the state agricultural college there. For eighteen years he held that chair, then was ap- DANIEL B. NICHOLS, who resides some pointe(l Indian agent by President Cleveland for three miles southwest of Bonanza, and devotes the Klamath agencv. At the second term of MIr. himself to stock raising and farming, was born Cleveland, he was reappointed but was finally let on February i6, i852, in Linn county, Iowa. out under President MIcKinley, then he returned John Nichols was his father, and he was born in to California, where he expects to pass the bal- Indiana and came as an early pioneer to Linn ance of his days. After comnig west he united county, Iowa, and to Shasta county, California. with the M\lethodist church, Soutth, and has affil- About 1879 he settled in Poe valley and there- iated with that since. His home is in Hollister. remained until his death in I902, being then aged California, and although he has passed his three seventy-six. His father, James Nichols, who is score years and ten, he is still in good health and the grandfather of our subject, was born in Vir- rugged. He married Sarah E. Finley, a native ginia in 1798. He lived on the frontier all his of Ml issouri. She same across the plains with life, split rails where Indianapolis, Indiana, now her parents when a small girl and her wedding stands and died in the vicinity of Bonanza in occurred in Carifornia. She is now sixty-three i900, being one hundred and one years and eight years of age. Her brother, Mr. Finlev is cor- months of age. His trade was that of the mill- oner of Portland. Our subject is the seconu wright and he was a sturdy pioneer and substan- child in a familv of nine children, the followint tial man. Our subject's mother was Anna rarne-I owres Wing still alive; W. G.. Mrs. Bertha (Lewis) -Nichols, a native of Indiana. She' lake, Mrs. Lilian Vanderhurst, and Mrs. Lull. came with her parents to Iowa in early days and HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 103 f is now living near Bonanza. aged seventy-two. old timers. He was a volunteer in the M\odoc She is the mother of nine children and the only Indian War and at the time of the Caynse War one of the family who is deceased is the father, in 1847, he enlisted at Vancouver andi was dis- mentioned above. The children are Daniel P., charged honorably at Fort Walla XValla, after who is our subject; Simeon L., of Leavenworth having participate(l in the heat of the struggle. countv, Kansas; iNrs. Eliza E. Wise, of Lake He was in the mining excitement in California county. Oregon Benjamnin F. and John A., near in 1849 and operated one of the first pack trains Bonanza: Mrs. Malinda, of Merrill; Mrs. Alice in the state. Finally in i884, he came to this Parker, of Josephine county; A. Abram of Al- county and engaaed in the stock business. After mira, '\ ashington ; and Norman, of Bonanza. that, he sold out and is now retired, being cighty- For fifty years no death occurred in the family, sCeven years of age. His father, the grandfather so far as is known, it being a most remarkable of our subject, died recently in Illinois at the age record. Our subject went with his parents from of one hundred and four years. The mother of Linn to Fayette county, Iowa, when a child and Jefferson was Rebecca (Coplalitz) Kirkpatrick. when sixteen went with them to Douglas county, hoe came west when young and (lied in June,. Maine. There, on January i, 1874, he married 1900, at the age of seventy-eight. There were, Julia A. Warren, a native of Missouri. In the ten children in the family of whom the follow- fall of that year, he came to Shasta county, Cali- ing named are living, our subject, wxho is the fornia, and followed teaming in the mines, re- oldest, Esther A. Steele, Charles, Algernon, An- turning the next year to Kansas. In 1877 he gress, Orlando and Willis. Our subject accorn- came back to Shasta county and in September, paniied his parents twice on trips to the west and 1879, came to Poe valley. He selected a place spent most of his younger days on a stock farm andl since has remained here, engaged in stock in California and this state. He was educated in raising and farming, with the exception of a the public schools and in 1882, came to Klamatli short time spent in Crook county. The country county. He entered a pre-emption claim near was very new and wild when he came and his Fort Klamath and was among the first settlers finances were soon depleted and having his fam- in this vicinity. He took up stock raising, and ily to support met with much hardship. In I882 conducted the same until 1903, when he sold his Mir. Nichols was called to mourn the death of ranch and entered the feed business in Klamath his wife, who left two children, Edwin D. and Falls. He purchased property here and is doing Bertha, wife of Hugh Clopton, at Bonanza. On a nice business in the lines mentioned. Fratern- September 2i, 1904, Mir. Nichols married Mliss ally, he is affiliated with the A. 0. U. W. and is Mildred J. Frazier, who was born in Harrison a man of good standing. county, Iowa. The daughter of Daniel R. and On September 24, 1883, Mr. Kirkpatrick Matilda (Inther) Frazier, the former living in married Miss Alfaretta Pearsons, who was born Douglas county, Washington, and the latter de- in Ottumvwa, Iowa. Her father, Jerry Pearsons, ceased. MIrs. Nichols has one brother, Kenneth died when she was small. Her mother, Eliza E., of Douglas county, Washington. 'Mr. Nich- (Watkins) Pearsons, is now Mrs. Gray andr ols has a good farm, half of which is in cultiva- dwells in this county. One child has been born tion and a fine band of well bred horses and to Mr. and Mrs. Kirkpatrick, Maude Ray, olre mules. He is a charter member and past grand May 20, i900. of the Bonanza Lodge, of the I. 0. 0. F., and also belongs to the Rebekahs. DR. JOHN ALEXANDER CHASTAIN, *.- who is now living a retired life in 13Bonanza, was born on April 3, 1834, the old home place being JEFFERSON KIRKPATRICK is operating situated one mile above Blvthe ferry at the mouth a hotel, feed store and butcher shop at Fort of the Hiawasse river in Meigs coullnt, Tennes- Klamath and in company with G. S. Hoyt also see. His father, William Chastain, was born ill conducts a general merchandise establishment. Simpson county, Kentucky, on February I i He was born on July 27, i859. in Uba county, S809. When twelve years of age, he accompan- California. His father, John Kirkpatrick, crossed ied his father, Rev. Joseph Chastain, to Mcigs the plains with ox teams in 1847 to Oregon, county, Tennessee. Joseph Chastain, who was where he was engaged in mining for a number of the grandfather of our subject, was a noted Bap- years. Then he settled in Uba county and took tist preacher, the son of John Chastain, one of the up the stock business. He made several trips French Huguenots who came over from France across the plains to the west, has traveled over on account of religious persecution an(l settled irt a large portion of California and is one of the South Carolina. He preached for the Baptist 4 AA 10o32 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. church also an(l was known as the nine shilling vision in i86o. On March 3, i86i, the day be- bell manl, owing to the fact that his powerful fore Lincoln's inauguration, he married Miss voice could be heard as far as the nine shilling >arah T. Boyd. On August 29, i862, a son was bell. He was well known all over North and born to them and the mother died the following South Carolina, Georgia and( adjacent states. morning. The child is William Chastain, now a 0ose)h Chastain was with General Jackson in the farmer in Douglas county, Oregon. On Novem- War of I8i2. Our subject's father grew up in ber 29, i862, the doctor left his boy with an aunt \eigs county, Tennessee and there married Miss and organized a company of men for the confed- .,.arv Ann Frie, the third daughter of John and erate army. He was clerk of the brigade in the Ahagail Frie. She was born in Blunt county, commissary department under General Shelby Alabama and came with her parents to Meigs and in the fall of i863, he went into the ranks, be- county, Tennessee when thirteen years of age. In ing- appointed regimental quartermaster. Resign- 1837, William Chastain enlisted in Captain Ver- ing from this, he was recruiting officer and gath- non's Company, IUnited States Volunteers for the ered a company of seventy-four. In August, purpose of gathering the Cherokee Indians and i864, he was elected captain of Company C, in placing them on the territory reserved for them Colonel J. T. Caffrey's regiment. This company in the Cherokee Nation. It was then that the was left at Bateville on provost duty and part Hiawasse purchase was made. He was mus- of that year he was detailed as recruiting cor- tered out of service in July, I838. In October poral. In the fall of i864, he was appointed on a of the same year, he moved to Lawrence county, special duty to make a map of the country pre- Missouri, twenty miles west of Springfield, which paratory to making a raid that was planned. His was then a mere hamlet of four or five houses, work was so favorably received that he was and farmed there for sixteen years. Then he sold recommended to Richmond to be appointed as anl moved to Howell county. When the war inspector general of Fagan's cavalry, of the broke out, he enlisted in the confederate army in, trans-Mississippi department. The commission General McBride's brigade, under Price but was issued but owing to the close of the war, it afterward was transferred to Marmaduke's bri- was never received. On June 8, i865 he was pa- gade. At the breaking out of the war he had roled at Shrevesport then went to Baton Rouge mUch property but it was all destroyedl or con- and at Balls Bluff bade his company farewell. fiscated. Later, his family moved to Oregon Among other things, the doctor stated that he county, Missouri where he died on January 24, was forced into the war and he made as good a i8f6i6 in his fifty-ninth year. The mother died in soldier of himself as he knew how. Now he pro- 1879, ill Arkanlsas in her sixty-sixth year. They posed to return to private life and make as good were the parents of six children, three of whom a citizen of himself as he could. He was in thir- are living, Joseph and Elizabeth, both of Baxter teen engagements and many skirmishes. During county, Arkansas, and our subject. He grew much of the time, he was sharpshooter and ll) with his parents but his schooling facilities though in many close places and though his cloth- were meager. He studied by the open fire place ing was pierced by many bullets, he never re- and by the light of the old dip candle at home so ceived a wvound. He saw many men shot down thoroughly that when twenty years of age he se- at his side and endured all the hardships of a cured a certificate to teach school. His first term soldier's life. After the war, he went where his was taught in Jasper county, Missouri. He also father was living in Oregon county, Missouri and taught in various other places and engaged then engaged in farming, having lost everything dur- iln buying horses and mules to take to Louisiana. ing the war. He had lost trace of his son but While teaching, he studied medicine and in i856, found him later in Cooper county, Missouri. went to Yell county, Arkansas and studied under On March i, i866, Dr. Chastain married Miss the note(l Dr. Ward. Then he drove a team west 1\ary J. King, who was born in Greene county, an(l later returned to the lead mines of Missouri Illinois. She had moved thence to Tennessee and where he dealt in mining property successfully. later to Howell county, Missouri, accompanied by After this, he was salesman in a store, bought an her parents, Wilsey P. and Eliza P. King. The interest in the same but owing to a lawsuit, lost father was a soldier in the army and died in Kla- all. Then again he turned to medicine, stud-ing mnath county March 17, 1904, aged eighty-four. un(ler Dr. James, in Granby, Newton county. He The mother had died in Howell county, Missouri handled a drug store in Jasper county, then sold ten years ago. In the fall of i867, Dr. Chasfain out and went to Neosho river, Cherokee Nation, moved to Izard count)-, Arkansas and engaged in where he took up the practice of his profession. the mercantile business. After that, he raised Returning to Jasper county, he was appointed cotton and later moved to Boone county, Arkan- deputy sheriff and took the census of that di- sas w'here he was editor of the Boone County I HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 1033 Record, at Bellefonte, Arkansas. He fitted up math Falls. Then he sold out and purchased the two wagons with ox teams and on April 28, 1875, ranch where he is now residing, which consists of started with a train of emigrants across the plains three hundred and eighty-five acres. He turns his to Oregon. At Cheyenne he sold one outfit and attention to farming and stock raising and has a in due time reached Moonville on the Rogue nice band of well bred cattle, besides some horses. river. He located on October i5, on a rented Just recently, Mr. Hanks sold his farm for twelve farm and began the practice of medicine. He thousand dollars but he is still residing upon it. soon was very busy, riding forty miles in every He owns his cattle and personal property and will direction. Finally, we find him at Phoenix, Ore- soon secure a new location. He has made a splen- gon, where be had a large practice and also oper- did success in financial matters and is considered ated two drug stores. Later, the doctor sold out one of the leading men of Klamath county. and moved to Williamsburg, Oregon, continu- Fraternally, he is affiliated with the A. 0. ing his practice, then returned to Phcenix. Finally U. W., has filled all the chairs and has repre- in April, i888, he came to Bonanza and here took sented his lodge in the grand lodge. ul) the practice of medicine. He had all he could On September 24, 1903, Mr. Hanks married do and his family handled a hotel and feed barn, Miss Amelia Hedrick, who was born in St. Louis, and also conducted a farm. In i90i, the doctor Missouri, the daughter of Otto and E. E. Hed- sold the hotel and barn and moved to his ranch. rick, natives of Germany. Mrs. Hanks came to Later, he traded that for town property and re- Portland, Oregon with her family when a child. tired from business. He is now comfortably fixed The year following, about 1876, they came to in Bonanza while he and his wife are enjoying the Klamath Falls, where the father remained until competence that their labor and skill have pro- his death. To our subject and his wife two chil- vided. The doctor has filled various positions, dren have been born, Eva and Leona Fern. as, justice of the peace, notary public, was mem- Mr. Hanks is a reliable and esteemed man ber of the first council in Bonanza and president and is one of the leading citizens of the county. of the board, and is now town recorder. For forty-six years he has been a Mason and a mem- ber of the Baptist church. He was baptized by his grandfather, Rev. Joseph Chastain. Mrs. STEPHEN HERLIHY resides at Naylox, Chastain is also a member of the church and of which is eleven miles north from Klamath Falls the Rebekah and Eastern Star lodges. To the on the east bank of Klamath Lake. He was born last marriage of the doctor ten children have been on October i6, I870 in the county of Victoria, born: Charles, deceased; George. married to Effa province of Ontario, Canada. His father, Jere- Sutton. at present clerk of Klamath county; miah Herlihy, was born in Canada and came of Cora, Price, and Adah, all deceased; Ann Eliza- Irish parents. Later in life he moved to Roch- beth, wife of A. T. Langell; Etta, wife of R. I. ester, New York, and there remained until his Kilgore; Claude, clerk in a store; Sarah J., wife death. He married Miss Katherine O'Shea, a of Robert L. Goss; and John K., a harness maker native of Canada. Her parents were born in Ire- in Bonanza. The doctor and his wife are hearty, land. At the age of seventeen our subject left genial people, highly respected and substantial. home and came to North Dakota. There he Thev have educated their children well and are worked some in handling horses and finally went happily located in that all live near by and are to Itasca county, I\Iinnesota and entered a home- prosperous. stead in the timber. Being an expert hand in handling a threshing machine, he used to go each vear to the wheat districts where he received MARION HANKS, who resides about one seven dollars per day with the threshing crew. mile north from Klamath Falls, was born on July After a while, he took a stone and timber claim 28, i865, in Douglas county. Oregon. His pa- adjoining his homestead which gave him a full rents, James L. and Mary J. (Perdue) Hanks, are section of fine timber land. After the election of mentiolled in another portion of this work. Ma- 1\IcKinley in I896, owing to the protective tariff rion remained with his parents in Douglas county on lumber, Mr. Herlihv sold it at a very fine price, tuntil I873 being then eight years of age, when reserving the land for himself, which he still the family came to this county, then included in owns. He had endured great hardships and did Lake county. He received his education in the much arduous labor but reaped a good reward for public schools and grew tip here so that he is it all. Then he took a trip to Rochester, New practically a product of this county. After York to see his people and in i900, he determined school days, he learned the butcher business and to see the Pacific coast. He purchased a ticket followed the same for about eight years in Kla- to Seattle but stopped over in Spokane where he 103-1 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. fell in with a party who told him about Klamath four years of age. The mother of our subject, county. Becoming greatly interested, he traveled \larv Ma dalene (Cook) \lorine, was born in thither and after viewing the country over thor- (iermain-, came to St. Louis when a child and ouglhly, he purchased his present place. This died soon after coming to the Pacific coast. The was known as the Captain Frie station as that children of this worthy couple are Mrs. Henrietta gentleman had built a toll road in early day and Woodliff, deceased; George W., who is our sub- kept here a toll gate. It was a very famous camp- ject; Albert, of Jackson county; Charles E. and ing place for the Indians in early (lays and by 1 rank twins, a farmer in Jackson countv and a them was called 'amlox, which means daylight. farmer in Bonanza, respectively; :Mrs. Eliza M\ir. i-ierlihlv ownls a half section of fine meadow Lurch, of Red Bluff, California; and Mrs. Cvn- land, a large two-story house and considerable thia V. Reeves, of Oakland, California. Our stock. He has two large barns and plenty of subject accompaiiied his parents across the plains other outbuildings and all other improvements in T852 and was with them until thirteen years nee(led an(l in addition to his general farm and of age. At that time, his mother died and then stock raising, keeps a hotel and a feed stable. Be- he began work for himself. He worked in a ing on the main traveled road, he keeps a large blacksmith shop until he had mastered the trade number of guests. Mlr. Herlihy is so well pleased and at the age of twenty, started a shop of his with this country that he is determined to make own, this being in Colusa count>', California. For this his permanent home. several years he beat the anvil there, being well On May 24, 1903, occurred the marriage of known and highly respected. In i88i, he came Mr. I-erlihv and MXiiss Elanore Garlarneau, who to Central Point, Jackson county and opened a was born in Portland. Her father, Charles Gar- shop. There and in other places he wrought at larneau, was born in Canada and came to Ore- his trade, being one of the best blacksmiths in the gon thirty-five years ago. lie has been a resi- state. In I898, hexcame to Fort Klamath and (lid dent of Klamath count>v for twenty years. He blacksmithing and stock raising until 190T, when married Eliza Rvan, a native of Ireland. MI rs. he sold out and removed to Bonanza. Here he Herlihy graduated from the state normal school purchased a hotel and livery barn and since that at Ashlanld and tauglht for some time in Jackson time has been successfully operating these enter- county, before her marriage. Mr. Herlihy started prises. His barn is sixty-five by seventy-five feet, rn life a poor boy and everything he possesses has supplied with water from living springs near by been won bv hard labor and wise management and equipped with good rigs and horses. His. and it is very gratifying to know that from his hotel is a seventeen room structure, well furnished modest start, he has won his way to competence and providecl with the best the land affords. AMr. and wealth. He is one of the substantial men of Morine secures his share of patrons both in the the county and is considered a leading citizen. livery barn and hotel and is a popular manl in this part of the county. In i88i, Mr. Miorine married rMiss Addie Clift, who was born in Canada. She came to GEORGE WASHINGTON IMIORINE. Jackson count>, Oregon with her parents when a Since thirteen years of age the gentleman, of child. Six children have been the issue of this whom we now have the pleasure to speak, has union; Alice, wife of Charles Conrad of Aurora been doing for himself and although having trav- Grandle Henrietta, a clerk in a shoe store in Klla- eled a great deal and been in various enterprises, math Falls: Silas F. Mabel and Harold and' his financial ability has been such that he has Harry, twins. The last named died at Fort Kla- never been witlhout money. He was born in St. mnath. Mr. 1Iforine is a member of the I. C). 0. F. Louis, IMissouri, on December 6, 1848. His and is a very enterprisiug an(l substantial man. father. Antoine Mlorine, was born in Toronto, Canada, of French ancestry and came to St. Louis in early day. He resided in that portion of St. Louis known as Frenchtow'n, until the spring JA-MES LOUIS HANKS, who resides about of 1852, when he started across the plains with three miles north of Klamath Falls on the east his family. His team being a part of the very bank of Klamath Lake, was born on February 14, first ox train that made its way to Hangtown, 1820. His native place was a farm near Decatur, later known as Placerville. There he took up Mlacon county, Illinois. His father was [ohn mining and also followed it in various places. His Hanks and his mother, Susan (Wilson) Hanks. death occurred in Jackson county, Oregon, in She was born in Grayson county, Kentucky and i896, he being then in his eightieth year. His came from English ancestors. Her death oc- mother lives in St. Louis, being one hundred and curred in i863. The father's father, William. HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. I035) Flanks, the granldfatlher of our subject, came from at Springfield, Illinois and bid his cousin, Abra- Ireland to Virginia before the Revolution. He hamn Lincoln, good by, anti this was the last he and two of his brothers served in that war, one of ever saw of himn. After reaching California, lie them being Colonel Bernjamnin Hanks under Gen- spent some time in mining, visiting nearly every eral \Washington. William Hanks was a brother prominent camp, and finally in i859, canie to of Nancy -lanks, w\ho married Thomas Lincoln. Douglas county, where hle mined. They were the parents of President Lincoln. This In Douglas count\y, on September 25, i86T, makes our subject a second cousin to that great M\r. Hanks married Mary J. Perdue, wvho was manl. The Lincoln farm adjoined the Hanks born near St. Joseph, Missouri on iFcbruary 14, estate in i.lacon county and as John Hanks was a 1845. Her father, John Perdue, wvas a native of first cousin to Abraham Lincoln, they became very Virginia and came from German alncestrage. They intimately acquainted. He was born on Febru- came across the plains in I852, settling in Doug- ary 9, 1802 in Nelson county, Kentucky and for las county, Oregon where he lived until his death, a while lived in Grayson collnty, that state. He in 190I. He had imarried Mary F. Aillis, a native was a few years older than Abraham Lincoln and of Virginia. She died in 1902. They were aged the latter made his home with John Hanks for eighty-two and eighty-four, respectively, at the many years. These two young men used to split time of their death. Mr. Hanks did considerable rails together and in company made several freighting in the earl)' days through southwest trips down the Ohio and DMlississippi rivers in the Oregon and was also out during the Modloc war old time flat boats. In I828, he moved to De- when it was very dangerous. le endured manx catur, Macon county, Illinois, and on the trip hardships and performed much arduous labor. In passed by the home of Thomas Lincoln in Indi- the spring of 1873, he located where he now re- ana. Mr. Lincoln requested Mr. Hanks to in- sides, taking a homestead near the site of his quire what kind of a country Illinois was and present dwelling. He was among the very first as the report was favorable, the Lincolus moved to settle here and since that time has been a pro- on out, settling near the Hanks farm. They gressive and enterprising citizen. He now has were very hard working people and when the three thousand acres of fine soil. mostly under Black Hawk war broke out in I832, John Hanks cultivation. His crops are grain and hav and he and Abraham Lincoln enlisted in the same com- owns a large threshing outfit besides all machini- pany, the latter being captain of the company. ery necessary. His residence is a good eight Being thus together so much, they became in- room, two story structure, while three large barns timately acquainted and in i86o, wxven Mr. Lin- and various outbuildings, orchard and many other coln was nominated for president at Chicago, Mr. things are in evidence on the place. He has made Hanks had the distinction of carrying one of the his farm one of the finest in the country and an rails split by Mr. Lincoln. At the commence- air of thrift and taste pervades everything. In ment of the Civil War, John Hanks enlisted in the addition to general farmiing, M\r. Hanks handles Twenty-First Illinois as wagon master, although considerable stock and has a fine herd of regis- he was about sixty years of age, and served faith- tered Durhams and Gallowavs. He also has a fully for two years in Missouri, Tennessee, Ar- nice band of horses. In i876, Mr. Hanks was kansas, Alabama and Mississippi, until he was elected county treasurer on the Democratic incapacitated by an attack of rheumatism, when ticket. In I878, he was elected sheriff and( was he was honorably discharged at Winchester, Ten- twice re-elected making six years in that office. nessee, in i862. He had made the trip across After that, he was chosen county commissioner the plains to California in I850 and returned to which completed ten years in constant service for Illinois later and there made his home ufitil his the county, in all of which he showed unswerving death in i889. The brothers and sisters of our integrity and uprightness so that he has w'on the subject were eight, five of whom are now living; esteem and confidence of all who know him. He Mrs. Emily Loomis of Bloomington, Illinois; brought the same -wisdom and good practical Grayson A., of Maysville, \Iissouri; Mrs. Mary judgment to bear in the discharge of his duties E. Manon, of Humliboldt county, California; and that he did in his own affairs and the result was Levi, of -Alacon, Illinois. Our subject grew up on of much benefit to Klamath county. the farm in Illinois, was much with Abraham Mr. Hanks is a member of the A. F. & A. M. Lincoln in those (lays, and in the spring of I85o, and has been for thirty years. 1le is also a came across the plains to California with his charter member of the kliamath lodge. father and two years later, they returned via the To MIr. and Mrs. Hanks, ten children have isthlmus. In the spring of 1853, Mr. Hanks been born, named as follows: John, of Red started from Decatur, Illinois, and crossed the Bluffs, California; MN'arion, in this county: Mrs.. plains with ox teams the second time. He stopped Ella Eastwood of Monio county, California; Ma- -a F 1036 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. linda, deceased; Emma, deceased; Jessie, at home; district. He preached in Langell and Yonna val- Mrs. Effie Hill, of this county; Louis, of Califor- leys and is very earnest in this labor. Soon after nia; Edward, deceased; and William, of Klamath coming here he entered into partnership with his Falls. brother, Elijah W., and they went to work by the It is interesting to note that when Mr. Hanks month to get a start. They invested their earn- came to Klamath county, he had very little means ings in cattle and gradually became more deeply 'but at the present time, he is one of the wealthy engaged in the stock business, purchasing land citizens of the county, all of which has been betimes and increasing their herds. They now gained by his owxn labor and wisdom. own over seven hundred acres, two hundred acres being natural meadow and about two hundred 4*. acres in cultivation. They also have four hundred' acres in the Klamath Basin under the ditch and REV. JAMES T. ROBERTS is well known eighty acres are seeded to alfalfa. They own a in Klamath county and adjacent sections, being fine band of cattle and horses, having gained their both a stockman, farmer and a preacher of the entire property holdings by their own industry gospel. He resides in Poe valley near Bedford and excellent management. They are hard work- postoffice and was born on January 9, I853, in ing men, highly respected and upright. Washington county, Arkansas. His father, Joel (Lee) Roberts, was born in Kentucky and went 4*. with his parents to Indiana. Then they removed to Illinois, later to Missouri and finally to Ar- FRANKLIN PIERCE VAN 'METER is kansas. His mother was a sister of Gen. Robert one of the enterprising men who have made Kla- E. Lee. During the war he went to Arkansas math county the prosperous political division she but had to return to Missouri as a refugee, and is today. His residence is in Poe valley, near there enlisted in the union army, being a member Bedfield and there he owns a fine estate of two of the state militia. In i886 he came to Poe hundred and forty acres, half of which is under valley, this county, where he engaged in the cultivation. He was born in Lasalle county, Illi- stock business. Here he remained until his death nois, on August 9, I854. The father, Jacob R. in September, 1903, being at that time in his sev- VanMeter, was born in Grayson county, Ken- enty-ninth year. He was a devout member of the tuckv and came to Illinois in 1852. Five years etho(list church, South. He married Malinda later he moved to Kentucky and was a veteran of Spencer, also a native of Kentucky, who is now the Mexican War. The mother of our subject living with our subject and his brother, Elijah W. was Rhoda (Hacklev) VanMeter, a native of She is seventy-five years of age and has been a Kentucky. She died in Redding, California in life long member of the Methodist church, South 1893, aged seventy-six. The children of the fam- and is a devout and honorable Christian woman, ily are named as follows: Dr. Abraham, a prom- highly esteemed by all. Our subject is one of inent physician at Lamar, Barton county, Mis- eleven children, six of whom are now living, souri and who followed his profession four years named as follows: Mrs. Julia M\iarsh, of Salem, in the Civil War: Isaac L.. now deceased, who (Oregon: John J., of -North Yamlbill, Oregon served his country four years in the Rebellion, James T., who is our subject: Elizabeth J., the being corporal; James H., deceased: Dr. Miles wife of Hiram Roberts, he being the same name E., one of the most prominent and skillful physi- but no relation, and now residing in Poe valley: cians and surgeon in San Francisco, California, Elijah W., who is the partner of our subject; and being also a lecturer on surgery and medicine; i\lrs. Rosa Taylor, of Olene, Oregon. At the Franklin P., who is our subject; Marion L., a age of eleven. James T. went with his parents to mechanic and farmer of Poe valley: George W., Mlissouri and later learned the barber trade, which a machinist in Los Gatos, California; John H., a he followed for fifteen years. During this time farmer and stockman in Poe valley; Charles E., he was rather a wild y;ouing man, paying little a leading machinist of San Francisco whose skill attention to the claims of God and his soul, pre- brings him a salary of two hundred and forty ferring rather the pleasures of a season to re- dollars per month; Airs. Sarah E. McClure, de- ligious ways. In i890 he came to Poe valley, ceased; and Mary, deceased. Our subject grew where his parents and brothers were living, and up on a farm in Missouri and also learned the en- soon thereafter he was led to grasp the faith of gineer's art. His education was received from the Scriptures and turned his attention to their the common schools andl he made the best of his study. He soon was licensed to preach, having opportunities. In I876. he went to Colusa joined the South Metlhodist church, the (late of county, California and engaged in engineering. his first licentiate being June, '896, in Roseburg Two years later, he returned to I\lissouri and on HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 1037- August 13, 1878, there married Miss Maggie A. McConnell, a native of Tennessee. Her parents Carter, a native of Linn county, Missouri. Her were born in Ireland. Our subject was raised father, Collin T. Carter, was born in Kentucky in Tennessee until the close of the war when the and came to Missouri in the earlv forties. In the family removed to Hart county, Kentucky, where spring of I862, he joined a wagon train for Sac- the father was drowned. Our subject received a ramento, Mrs. VanMeter being one of the chil- good education, was graduated from the theo- dren then in the family. In 1867 the family re- logical course under the auspices of the Methodist turne(l to Linn county via the Panama route and church south, and then, in 1875, entered the min- in all, thev made five trips across the plains. He istry of that church. lW died at Springfield, Missouri, in i900, aged sixty- On December 23, i869, Mr. Bryant married six. He came from Irish extraction. The mother Miss Sarah N. DeWitt, who was born and reared of M\lrs. VanMeter was Emily M. (Sandusky) in Hart county, Kentucky, where also her wed- Carter, a native of Kentucky, who died in I872, (ling occurred. She was a daughter of the Rev. in Linn countv, Missouri. The other children of Nelson C.. DeWitt, a native of Bedford county, the family are Williamn S., of Greene county, Mis- Virginia. He was a teacher for years, was as- souri; Lee D., of the same county; MIrs. Emily sessor of Hart county sixteen years and preached Adams, deceased: and George, deceased. In the locallv for the Methodist church south. His spring of 1882 Mt r. VanMlter came to Colusa father, James DeWitt, served in the War of 18I2 county, California and engaged as a stationary and his grandfather in the Revolution. They engineer. For three years afterward, he was came from an English family. Mrs. Bryant's foreman on a ranch and in the spring of I894, he mother was Henry Ann (Markham) DeWitt, came to Poe vallev and located a homestead. He also a native of Virginia. Her father, John Mark-, soon brouight his familv here and a careful invoice naam, was in the War of 1812 and her grandfather of his capital showed that beside his wild land, he was a patriot in the Revolution. Her family had only five dollars in cash in all his holdings. also is from English ancestry. Mrs. Bryant was He had very little else to do with, but undaunted, educated in the public schools and in the sem- Mr. Van-Meter took hold with his hands and has inary and taught school for thirteen years while made a splendid success financially. His farm is her husband preached the gospel. In March, well improved, having a house, barn and other i889, they emigrated to Klamath county, Ore- accessories. He has a good band of cattle, some gon and for a few years, Mr. Bryant was engaged horses, plenty of implements for the ranch, and in preaching. Next we see him in Applegate and altogether he is one of the prosperous men of later in Medford. After that, he united with Klamath county. He has labored assiduously the Congregational church at Ashland, Oregon, since coming here and has shown himself a man and held various pulpits in Jackson county and of uprightness and unswerving integrity. The other places. Then he was Sunday school organ- children born to this family are Roy L., Gertie, izer in Jackson county, Oregon, preached in Cal- and Clara May-. Roy L. is raising stock and ifornia and also in various other places. His home farminig in Poe valley. Gertie holds a first-class for eight years has been constantly at Klamath certificate and has taught school throughout the Falls but he has made trips to the various fields county. She possesses a fine talent in drawing of labor. In the latter vears, Mr. Bryant has and is an artist of considerable note, having been retired from, regular pastorate work, al- made some very excellent pictures. Her people though he frequently holds different pulpits still. justly take considerable pride in her labors and To our subject and his wife, the following give her the eiicouragement that she so thor- named children have been born: Mary, the wife of outghlv ierits. Mr. VaniMeter has been a great Robert Williams in this county; Emily, wife of traveler, having grossed the plains five times, and Henry Farrer of Klamath Falls; James L. and is a man of wide experience and good ability. William N., deceased; Theodore J., who married He comes from a strong family and he and his Eva Stearns of Klamath Falls; Elijah C., de- wife are among the most substantial and progres- ceased; Ella, the wife of Leon Lewis of Klamath sive people in this part of the country. Falls; Sallie W. and J. F. DeWitt. Mr. Bryant is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and the A. F. & A. Al. Mrs. Bryant is a member of the Rebekahs and holds the position of noble REV. JOHN WALLACE BRYANT resides grand. in Klamath Falls and was born on July i9, 1847, Mr. and MIrs. Bryant have a comfortable resi- in Wilson county, Tennessee. His father, Elijah dence with six lots in Klamath Falls and in addi- L. Brvant, was a native of Tennessee and came tion own a choice quarter section of land under- from English ancestry. He married Mary A. the ditch, which is very valuable for agricultural 11 PM ,- , Z I - - a. 1038 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. purposes. They also have a five acre tract of land beeves besides other animals and has made a in Medford, Oregon, well improved. They are good success in this enterprise. Such a life of highly respected people and have labored faith- activity as Mr. AicClure has led has not been fully for the benefit of humanity, during many without muich hardship and adversity yet be has years. overcome all and is now well-to-do, owning two hlndred and twentv acres of land well improved besides other property. At this present writing, WILLIAM HENRY MIcCLURE. Klamath Mr. MfcClure and his wife are enjoying a trip to county has many vigorous and enterprising men the worl(l's fair at St. Louis whence they expect but few of them have been more active and pro- to return to their Klamath count- home and for a gressive than the gentleman whose name appears time at least, retire from active labor, renting the at the head of this sketch. He is a farmer and property. Five children have been born to this stockman in Poe valley, his estate being near union, Georgia Gertrude, the wife of Benjamin Bedfield postoffice an(l an epitomized review of Johnson, James E., Virgile, Charles Amos, Plos- his career would be interesting to the citizens of sie. Air. McClure landed here without capital but this county. has made such a good success that he is rated W. H. McClure was born July 24, i862, in among the substantial and well-to-do men, with Linn county, Missouri, the son of James F. Mc- plenty of means to enjoy the good things of life. Clure, a native of Kentucky and born about I842. He is a good and respected citizen and has hosts The father came to Linn county, Missouri when of friends while lie and his wife have alwavs la- a child of six years and later served in the state bored for the upbuilding of the country and the militia. He remained there until his death. His advancement of its interests in such a manner that ancestors were of Irish extraction and he mar- they have accomplished a great deal, both for ried Sarah VanI!leter, a native of Illinois, who themselves and theirs. died in Alissouri. Our subject has three sisters who married brothers, Airs. Mattie E. Foster, Airs. Laura E. Foster, MArs. Rhoda Foster. Will- iam H. grewx up in Linn county, Missouri and JOHN FRED GOELLER, who came received to a fair education and when eighteen years Klamath Falls in very early days, is one of the and five months of age, on December 24, I880, wealthy men of the county. He has been an ac- married Miss Irene Roberson, who was a native tive business man here during all the intervening of the same place as her husband. Her father, years and is personally very closely connected Ed Roberson, came from Virginia, being one of with the upbuilding of the country. He stands the pioneers of Lincoln county and a highly es- at the head of a large manufacturing plant and teemed citizen. He married America Easley, a has shown himself a man of ability and enterprise. native of Virginia and they are both now de- His plant embraces machinery for the manufac- ceased. In I88i our subject with his wife came tutre of lumber, of all kinds of building material via San Francisco to Portland, experiencing three add is one of the most important instifutions in wrecks on the railroad and a severe storm at sea the county. It is a large two-story structure without lo- any loss of life. Being of an active and cated on the wharf, is provided with the roving latest disposition, Al r. McClure always desired and best machinery and is conducted in a manner to see the place just ahead and he has traveled that demonstrates AMr. Goeller's ability as a ma- with his wife over almost all the United States. chanist and manufacturer. He has followed They con- have visited every principal city and it is tracting and building in connection with his man- with no small pride that he can remark that he ufacturing work and all of the larger buildings has made of plenty of money for all their journeys. this part of the state, show his handiwork. A They de- have made two trips to the Atlantic coast, tailed account of Mr. Goeller's life is an import- have been seven times to the Mississippi valley ant part of Klamath county's history and with and traveled nine times up and down the Pacific pleasure we append the same. coast. His wife has acompanied him on all these John F. Goeller was born in Winesburg, Tus- trips an(l he has followed numerous occupations carawas county, Ohio, on January 22, i86o. His ini various parts of this great Republic. Finally father, John Al. Goeller, was born in Sandusky ill T887, he selected a place in Klamath county county, Ohio and his father, the grandfather of and here he has resided every since. He immue- our subject. came from Germany. John diately Al. gave his endeavors to stock raising and Goeller was a butcher and now resides at Beach farming and also in the past eleven years has City, O1hio. He married Barbara Woener, a na- been doing butchering, selling the meat over the tive of Ohio, and a descendant from German countr-. an- He has slaughtered over two thousand cestors. The brothers and sisters of Mr. Goeller HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON1 I039 arc John. a jeweler iln Payette, Idaho; George respectively. The father emigrated to Alissouri and William of Pratt county, Kansas; Charles in early days and at the time of the Civil War, an(l Caroline of Beach City, Ohio. Our subject went to Kansas where he served as a teamster in received a goodl common school education during the army. The mother came to Kansas with her the first eighteen years of his life and was ap- parents when a girl. Mr. and Airs. Sawyer are prenticed to learn the carpenter trade. While now living at Fairview, Kansas. The other chil- working at that in the day, he spent his evenings dren ,of the family besides Mrs. Goeller are: in studying at a business college. At the age Clara B., deceased; Mrs. Lula Rutherford, de- of twenty-two, he bent to Nemaha county, Kan- ceased; Bertha E., who has the degree of D. 0). sas and followed his trade there for eight years. and presides in Ashland, Oregon; Cyrus H., In i890, we find M\fr. Goeller in San Francisco, Walter M., Lawrence I., Daisy A., all in Brown later in Santa Rosa, then in Alameda, following county, Kansas. Airs. Goeller was well educated his trade in all these places. Finally in Sep- and had prepared herself for school teaching temiber, i891, he landed in Klamath Falls, Ore- prior to her marriage. T'o our subject and his gon and soon purchased a half interest in a plan- estimable wife, three children have been born, ing mill and door factory, his partner being A. Harry E., Hazel M., and Barbara F. A\. Peternian. The firm name was known as Air. Goeller is a member of the I. C. 0. F. Peterman and Goeller. In the spring of 1892, in Klamath Falls, is past grand, and was dele- Air. Peterman sold his interest to C. A. Dillon gate to the grand lodge in Oregon in I902. He and the firm was known as Goeller and Dillon. also belongs to the encampment. He and his Later, C. H. Witherow bought Air. Dillon's in- wife are members of the Rebekahs, she being terest and the firmi was known as Goeller and past grand of that order an(d in I903 was dele- Witherow. He later sold to 0. H. Harshburger gate to the grand lodge. Mr. Goeller belongs to Me .and the firm was known as Goeller and Harsh- the A. 0. U. W. and he and his wife also belong burger. Finally in i896, AIr. Goeller bought his to the order of Washington. partner's interest and since that time has handled the entire business himself. He is now doing a 4.* large business, both in building and in the manu- tacturing field and is one of the leading men of CHARLES IRA AN\DREWS, a well known the country. In addition to the property men- merchant at Olene, was born October 9, i867, in tioned. AMr. Goeller owns two and one-half sec- Mower county, AMinnesota. His father, Webster tions of fine timberland, has a quarter section of Andrews, was a native of Maine and emigrated agricultural land, has a large number of fine busi- to Minnesota in early days. He served in the ness lots and a beautiful residence situated in a Seventh A\Iinnesota Infantry until vwounded then plot of ground one hundred and sixty by two lay for many weary months in the hospital at hlundlred feet. The same is beautified by trees Memphis. After the war, he came to Lincoln an(l so forth, while the dwelling is one of the best county, Kansas and took a homestead. Later, he in the couinty. It is a ten room structure of mod- moved to Ellis county at Fort Hayes and was ern architectural design, supplied with all the engaged in farming and in the livery business. conveniences of the dlay. He has the house heated In i88i, he traveled across the plains with a large by a fine furnace, lighted by electricity and ace- emigrant train of some three hundred families. talene gas and everything bespeaks a man of In AMJarch, they left Fort Hayes and journeyed ability and culture. Mr. Goeller handles in addi- via North Platte where they saw Buffalo 1lill, tion to his business, a large stock of builders' and then on to Fort Laramie. Under induce- hardware, paints, oils and so forth, and does a ments of the railroad company', that they would good trade. Politically, he is an influential man receive high wages in the west, the emigrants and always takes a keen interest in all the cam- shipped their stuff to Ogden but were unable to paigns. He was elected chairman of the Demo- secure the employment and the company refused cratic central committee for the county and has to give them their goods until they would secure served in the city council. He has always shown the company by a mortgage upon them. This himself a man of progress, public spirited and they refused to (1o and a pitched battle ensued. ready to assist in any line for the building up of The company called the soldiers to their assist- the country. ance. Finally a settlement was made and the On September I, 1887, at Garden City, Kan- company carried the emigrants on to Pocatello, sas, Air. Goeller married A\Iiss Alice Sawyer, who Idaho. Again they had trouble and thirty of was born near Boyle, Kansas, on JanlarV 21, the train got away with their outfits and contin- i868. Her parents are Cyrus A. and Delia F. ued the journey. Later, they were overtaken (Hull) Sawyer, natives of Kentucky and Ohio, by armed men sent by the company and the emi- ___- _ P r 1040 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. grants disarmed their assailants and sent them town of Klamath Falls. After attending the back empty handed. In crossing the desert, they common schools until he was twenty years of age, paid as high as three dollars per barrel for water. our subject thirsted for more education and ac- Finally, they reached Portland and the father se- cordingly began to work his way through the cured a farm, twenty miles east of that city. state agricultural college at Corvallis. After There he remained until his death in i89I. 'line four years of arduous labor, paving his own ex- mother of our subject was Cyrena Andrews, a penses by his labor entirely, he graduated with native of Maine. She died in i885. There were well earned honors and returned to Klamath nine children in the family. Our subject grew county and took tip the stock business. After up on the farm and received his education from operating here for two years, he went to Clack- the common schools and as early as sixteen, went amas county and began raising teasels for the to logging. Later he got the contract of carrying woolen mills. For three years, he did that suc- the mail from East Portland to Eagle creek and cessfullv and then came back to this county and continued it for six years. He secured eighty again embarked in the stock business. Since acres of land near the home place and improved that time, he has continued uninterruptedly in that it well and in i89i, came to Klamath county. Here industry. He handles cattle and horses and is he did logging. In January, Mr. Andrews mar- fast breeding his cattle into thoroughbreds. He ried 1\liss Georgia Cottrell at Klamath Falls. makes a specialty of full blood Herefords and She was born in Milwaukee.county, Wisconsin, Shorthorn cattle and is very successful. His the daughter of George and Carrie Cottrell. They estate consists of three hundred acres of choice farmed here and later lived at Ashland, Oregon. meadow land three miles out from Klamath Falls Three children have been born to this union, on the Klamath river. It is a very valuable place, Carrie C., Clyde C., and Alta A. Later, Mr. An- producing abundant returns of hay. In addition drews returned to his Portland farm but owing to to this, he has one hundred and sixty acres, fif- ill health came again to Klamath county. He still teen miles southeast from town on Lost River. owns the Portland property. In i90i, Mr. An- He also owns valuable property in Klamath Falls. drews took a homestead near Olene and later For two years, he has been conducting the City bought a small tract of land in town. Upon this Meat Market and has won for himself splendid latter he erected a nice store building and has a returns. good stock of general merchandise, including dry On M\la' 25, 1899, in Clackamas county, Ore- goods, groceries, hardware, boots, shoes, gents' gon, Mr. Lewis married Miss Iva M. Sawtell, furnishing and so forth. He is doing a fine busi- who was born in Clackamas county, November ness and best of all his health is fully recovered 8, T875. She spent two years at Corvallis in in this excellent climate. He and his wife are college when her husband was there. Her father, substantial and highly respected people and are A. J. Sawtell, was of English birth and was one among the leading citizens of this part of the of the well known pioneers of (oregon. He died country. in September, i90i. Her mother, Eliza E. (Dib- ble) Sawtell, crossed the plains with her parents in early days and was a pioneer of. the state. To ARTHUR C. LEWVIS, a prominent stock- Mfr. and Mrs. Lewis, two children have been man of Klamath county, also owns and operates born, Rollin 0. A., and Ruby Ollis. a city meat market in Klamath Falls. He does Fraternallk, we find Mr. Lewis affiliated with a general wholesale and retail business in meats the NV. 0. W. and A. 0. U. W. He and his and is one of the prosperous and entergetic busi- wife are members of the Presbyterian church and ness men of the town. He was born on Septem- are leaders in society here. ber 5, 187i at Bedford, Iowa, the son of Leon- ard A. and Marv A. (Bruner) Lewis, natives of Indiana and Iowa, respectively. The father was DANIEL GORDON, SR., is a retired busi- a veteran of the Civil war. Besides our subject, ness man residing at Keno, Klamath county, they had the following named children, iVIrs. Nel- Oregon, who has seen a great deal of life in the lie Moore, Charles C., L. Alva, C. Leon, and east and far west. He was born September 13, Lester and Leslie, twins, deceased. Our sub- i8io, on the bank of the St. Lawrence river, St. ject came with his parents to Greenwood, Colo- Lawrence county, New York, the son of John raclo in I873 where the father engaged in stock- and Jerusha (Barnett) Gordon. The parents raising until I885. In that year they came to were natives of Scotland, the mother dying while this section and followed the same business until our subject was quite young. The father lived his death in M\Iarch, 1902. The mother is still to be over one hundred years of age. living on the old home place which adjoins the It was but a limited schooling received by the Mr. and Mrs. Arthur C. Lewis Daniel Gordon Mr. and Mrs. 'William P. Whitney Mr. and Mrs. )vVilliam, P. Rhoads I I .- -1-1-- HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. I04I subject of this sketch, but he improved his op- and expect to sow at least one hundred and fifty portunities and by working around mills and acres niore as they have five hundred acres of machinerv became a most expert machanic. He level land under the ditch. They own aii interest constructed wool carders, spinning wheels, in the irrigation ditch besides having a very fine looms, etc., and becoming an expert niillwright equipment for general farming and stock rais- constructed saw and grist mills. In I829 Ile went ing, including a first class steam thresher and to New Orleans and was in the employ of the everything needed in their business. Mr. Whit- government for two years. Here he saw his ney was born on January i8, i865, at Cottage first railroad and enjoved his first ride on the Grove, Lane county, Oregon. His father, El- cars, going from the Crescent City to Fort Pike, kanab, was a native of New York aiid came a distarke of five miles. In I83I he was engaged across the plains in the early fifties. He settled in carpenter work in Buchanan county, Missouri, in Lane county, being one of the pioneers there and established a shop where he manufactured and wrought until i87i, when he journeyed to wagons and plows. Following a visit to his old Klamath valley. He lived near Klamath Falls for home in New York he went to 'Muskingum two years, then came to where Merrill now stands, county, Ohio, where he became acquainted with settling first near the California line. He was a his future companion in life, anti they were soon prominent man and sturdy pioneer. His death afterward married. The name of the bride was occurred in i898. He came from a strong Amer- Sarah Castle. Remaining there four years the ican family. John Whitney came from London to couple then removed to Buchanan county, Mis- the colonies in i635, being the first American souri. The spring of 1852 he sold out his busi- progenitor. The V mitney family took a prominent ness, purchased several yoke of cattle, wagons, part in the Revolution and have always been etc., and journeyed across the plains with aii im- stanch Americans. The fatjier married MIary A. migrant train. Six months later thev arrived at White, a native of indiana, who crossed the plains Yreka, California. Here lie engaged in dairying, with his parents in the early fifties and settled and subsequently built a saw mill costing $13,000. in Lane county. She died in i896. The children During the Alodoc war he served as a volunteer born to this worthy couple were Albert, of Mer- citizen with his three sons, fighting the Indians, rill, William P., who is our subject; Daniel M., and then although over sixty years of age, saw the partner of our subject an(h now living with some active service. It was in i873 that our sub- him : Mdrs. Caroline Ball, of lower California; ject came to Klamath Falls, and built a saw mill Major J. and Johnson, in Merrill ; M\irs. Martha near where Keno now stands, the first one in A. Brandon anti Rosana, of Merrill. Our sub- that part of the country, as was the mill at Yreka ject was but six years of age when he was the first in that district. He now owns one hun- bh ought by his parents to the Klamath valley dred and sixty-five acres of improved land; one- al(l the rest of his career has been spent in this re- half farm land, the balance timber: He also owns gion. Ile has seen the country grow from an al- valuable property in IKlamath Falls. At the age ilost unsettled wvilderness to its present prosper- of ninety-four our subject is in fairly good oils condition anld has materially aided in building health, except some inconvenience from an injury tlp and developing the sanie. His education was by being thrown from a horse in I902, and he is gained in the public schools here and with his the oldest inhabitant in Klamath county. -Mrs. three younger brothers, he has spent the time in Gordon died in i899 at the age of eighty years. ranching and in raising stock. His first work for Seven children were born to them: Jane, widow money was done whlen he was about sixteen or of the late Newton Pratt; Mrs. Adeline Sherman, seventeen, when he herthed sheep for thirty dol- deceased; AIrs. _Mary Hamacker, deceased; John, lars per month and continued for twentv-four deceased; Daniel, in Kiamnath county; Alexander, months in that trying occupation. The brothers deceased; and -Newton, a former deputy sheriff all worked together until the spring of itoi, when of Klamath county, but now an attorney of Yreka, they divided their property anti our subject anli California. Daniel Al. entered into partnership. They now possess the property that has already been meil- tioned and in addition thereto, in i90i, they pur- WILLIAM PERRY WHITNEY is a promi- chased a two-thirds interest in a general mercan- nent farner and stockman residing two and one- tile establishment at Merrill. The business is in- fourth miles south and one and one-fourth miles corporated under the style of Whitney1Mercan- east from Merrill. With his brother, he owns tile Company and is one of the best in this city. over eleven hundred acres of choice land, part of They owvi a commodliotls building and well se- which lies in Oregon and part in California. Thev lected stock of all kinds of goods used in this part have three hundred and fifty acres seeded toalfalfa of the country. The four brothers are interested 66e I I - I . - - - Z-, - ; - _- I - I - U 1042 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. in a large band of sheep. It is very interesting He was accustomed to hard labor previous to and instructive to know that the Whitney broth- this, however, as he had earned all the money ers all started in life without capital and each one that paid his expenses in college. Among other now is a wealthy man and a most respected citi- mills, he worked at Port Blakely mill and became zen. All this has been gained by their integrity, a first class sawyer. Being economical, he saved industry and sagacity. The two brothers have his wages and soon bought an interest in a saw- plenty of horses and cattle besides their other miil. This was burned later and resulted in a stock and many implements. total loss as they had no insurance on it. Again, On June 6, 1901, Mr. Whitney married Miss Mr. Rhoads went to work for wages and later Augusta Kattenhorn. who was born in Nevada. came to Medford, Oregon. There on September Her mother is now residing at Merrill. One child 15, 1893, he married Miss Mattie Boussum, who has been born to this union, Myra Augusta, now was born in the Willamette valley. After that, deceased. we find Mr. Rhoads in the American Bar mines MIr. Whitney is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. on the Klamath river, laboring for one year. Then and one of the leading citizens of Klamath he was appointed foreman and held that position -county. for four years. In i898 he came to Merrill and leased a ranch. Some time thereafter, he bought a sawmill and in March, i900, erected it on Stukel WILLIAM P. RHOADS is an enterprising Mountain. Since that time, he has given his un- basiness man of Klamatb county. He resides in divided attention to the operation of his mill and Merrill where he has a choice eight-room dwel- has met with splendid success. He has shown ling and where the family lives during the school himself one of the substantial and progressive men year. His business is sawmilling and he owns of the county and is public spirited and bright a fine plant on Stukel mountain, some seven miles minded. Three children have been born to Mr. north from Merrill. He has been operating it for and Mrs. Rhoads, Beulah C., Robena R., and some years, with good success. In addition to this Donovan A., deceased. hie owns four hundred and eighty acres of fine In fraternal circles, Mr. Rhoads is affiliated timber land and is becoming a prosperous and with the I. 0. 0. F. In the spring of 1904, he well to do man. The fact that he came to this was nominated on the Republican ticket for clerk county recently with his finances well depleted of Klamath county but owing to the fact that and has secured the fine property mentioned in a the county is Democratic, he was defeated, yet short time, speaks very flatteringly of his ability only by thirteen votes, which demonstrated his as a business man. po°Iularity. W. P. Rhoads, the father of our subject, was born in New York and went to Minnesota in very early day. He was there during the terrible New ANTONE CASTEL is to be classed as one Ulm massacre and although in imminent danger, of the earliest pioneers of Klamath county and he escaped with his life and fled to Iowa. His he is now one of the leading citizens of Klamath father, the granfather of our subject, was killed Falls. in the Mexican War. The mother of William P. On January I7, 1859, in Cologne, on the was Hannah (VanCamp) Rhoads, a native of Rhine, occurred the birth of Antone Castel. He Pennsylvania. Her father was also killed in the received a good education in the schools in his Mexican War. The children of the family are native country, learning during that time, the Charles T., William P., who is our subject, Mil- English language. When fourteen, he shipped ton and Mrs. Anna \Vnestney. Our subject re- as a deck boy on a merchantman and before mained in Iowa until fourteen years of age and twenty years of age, had visited every leading there received his primary education. Then he port in the world and had circumnavigated the came with his parents to the bead of the Elkhorn globe as well as becoming acquainted in river in Nebraska where his father was engaged many places. In 1879, lie landed in New York in the cattle business. There also his mother died. city an(d quit the sea. After that, we find him in In the spring of T888. the father came to Win- Chicago and for the next three or four years he lock. Washliington. and later settled on Vashon was an extensive traveler in the United States, Island, where lie is now living, aged seventv-fouir. visiting- nearly every state and territory in the In T88q. our subject came on to the sound coun- union. Finally in 1884, he made his way to ,try and soon entered VTashon College, where be southwest Oregon and selected a location at -completed the commercial course. After gradtu- Klamath Falls. He had made a study of stlrvey- ating froih that, lie went to wvork in the mills at ing during his navigation and in i892, was elected dlifferent places and soon was a skillful mill man. to the.-position of county stirveyor. He was re- HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. I 043 elected in 1894 on the Republican ticket and in held that position for three years. His wife was They re- 1897, was appointed postmaster at Klamath assistant teacher in the Indian school. Falls. This position was held for five years. In signed, owing to the change of administration and they opened a I902, he received the nomination on the Repub- came to Klamath Falls, where take lican ticket for county clerk but owing to the hotel. A few years later, Mr. Lee decided to where county being Democratic, he was defeated. From up the stock business so secured the estate 1889 to 1892, Mr. Castel was engaged in the liv- he now resides and has given his attention to this raises ery business. In 1903, he erected a brewery in since. He has a -fine meadow farm and Klamath Falls and is now owner and operator good stock. plant. He has a nice establishment, a On December 3I, i867, Mr. Lee married Miss of this Jef- good trade and has shown commendable wisdom Dellie Davis, a distant relative of the noted in the conduct of the same. ferson Davis. She was born in the same vicinity union the following On May I, 1894, Mr. Castel married Miss as her husband. To this T., mar- Alpha Engle, who was born in Pittsburg, Penn- named children have been born: William sylvania. To this union, one child has been born. ried and following general merchandising in Han- B., on June 6, i895. Mr. Castel has a fine ford, California; Emma, wife of F. H. Mills an Alfred of home in Klamath Falls and has won many friends attorney of Klamath Falls; Minnie, the wife Falls; during his life here. He is a man of enterprise E. B. Henry, a merchant of Klamath and ability and has always taken hold to assist Aggie; and Louise. in building up the country. Mr. Lee has been a member of the A. F. & A. M. for forty years. He and his wife are mem- bers of the Christian church and are highly re- spected people. In June, I904, Captain Lee's as- CAPTAIN JOSEPH P. LEE a popular name appeared on the Democratic ticket for and leading citizen of Klamath Falls, is now sessor of the county and although the county is holding the responsible position of assessor in his strongly Republican, he was elected by a hand- county. His residence is ten miles south of Kla- some majority and makes a very efficient and re- math Falls and in addition to the public business liable officer. he discharges, he oversees his farm and stock in- terests. Joseph P. was born on November i5, of a thriv- 1840 in Maiury county, Tennessee. William T. JOHN V. HOUSTON, proprietor opera house in Lee, his father, was a native of Virginia and a ing restaurant and the Houston first cousin to General Robert E. Lee, who traces Klamath Falls, is one of the prominent and well his ancestry back to colonial days. He died in known business men who have achieved a marked cabin Tennessee at the age of seventy-seven. He had success here. He was born in a little log Point in married Elizabeth Aldmond, born near Peters- near South English, formerly Houston's His father, James H. burg, Virginia, who lived to be eighty-five years Keokuk county, Iowa. married in Iowa of age. This worthy couple has seven children, Houston, was born in Indiana, and in very early only one of whom is living besides our subject, and settled in Keokuk county He participated in the- named Dr. J. G. Lee, a prominent physician in day, came to Oregon. county in Tennessee. Our subject Rogue river Indian war and later returned east the old home Eng- opportunities to gain an education but and followed the hotel business in South had limited an in- the best of them and at the age of fifteen lish, Iowa. Then he came west and bought made Klamath in the drug business with his brother, terest with his sons in the business in engaged until his death. He continuing there until the war broke out when he Falls, where he continued J. Tate, a native of enlisted in Company H, First Tennessee Infan- had married Miss Elizabeth try. He responded to the first call and for three Indiana. parents to Nod- was captain of his company. He served the Our subject accompanied his years where his mother died, Confederacy faithfully and participated in the away county, Missouri with his father to Leadville, Col- tattles of Sheep's Pass, Shiloh, Corinth, Perry- then he came Chickamauga. Atlanta, jonesborotigh and orado in 1878 where the former engaged in min- ville. a fine common others. In addition to this he was in verN ing. Our subject had received man- began to learn service in skirmishing much of the time. school education, and then he arduous first on the Lead- He was xvounded three times and once very se- the newspaper business, serving years he xvas engaged on verelv. After the war he returned to Tennessee ville Herald. For eight then with his partner, Hon. James took charge of his father's place and in i886, that paper, and Meeker Herald at Meeker, decided to come west. He was appointed to take Little, established the car being 1885. They bkilt up a charge of the farm on the Klamath agency and Colorado, the - I1044 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. good circulation and made the sheet very pros- to this county and in i898, he opened a livery perous, then he sold to his partner and was ap- business in Klamath Falls. He has one of the pointed postmaster at Meeker. Later, he en- largest establishments of the county and does a gaged in the printing business, but owing to ill general sale, feed and livery business and has his health, sold his entire interest and came west. place well stock with rigs and horses, He finally landed in Klamath Falls and here en- He gets a good share of the public business gaged in business with his brother, Jabe A., under and is a favorite with travelers, owing to the care the firm name of Houston Brothers. This was in and pains he takes to make everything comfort- 1894. His father came on west, afterwards able and safe. In addition to his business here, bought the brother's interest and the firm was Mr. Hazen has a nice residence, well located, sur- changed to J. H. Houston and Son. In I897, routnded by laxx n, shade trees and so forth, be- they erected the Houston Opera House and on sides owning other property. the death of his father, on December iS, i9oi, he He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and is took entire charge of the business and has suc- past grandl,while he and his wife belong to the cessfully continued it since. He has a fine large Rebekah lodge. He is past grand of that order property well located in the center of the town anl captain of the Rebekah team. and owns other property, including the opera On September 23, 1895, M\r. Hazen married house recently erected at M\Ierrill, Oregon. He is Miss Hattie Arant, who was born in Douglas one of the prominent citizens here and has been county, Oregon. Her parents were early pio- a very faithful laborer in building up the country neers to this state and are now deceased. To and bringing in the prosperity that is enjoyed here Mr. and Mrs. Hazen, one child has been born, at this time. M\r. Houston is a public spirited Sears N . man and takes a keen interest in politics and everything that tends to build np and forward the country. IRA R. HANSON is one of the enterprising On December 24, 1882, in Leadville, Colo- stockmen of Klamath county and resides on Peli- rado, Mr. Houston married Miss Mae McClarren, can Bay just one-half mile southwest from Peli- a native of Ohio. Three children have been born can postoffice. The bav is a tributary of Klamath to this union, Thomas Merle, Edna May and Lake and is in one of the best locations in Kla- Elizabeth Ellen. Mr. Houston has one sister, math count). Ira R. Hanson was born in An- Mrs. Celia B. Roberts, of Mklullan, Idaho. glaise county, Ohio, on September 25, i862. His father, James Madison Hanson, is a Methodist 4 * 0 preacher and is now dwelling in Kansas, where he is active in his profession. He was enrolling WILLIAM W. HAZEN, the owner and op- officer during the Civil War and his brother, erator of the Klamath Falls livery barn, is one AAmaziah, was at one time state treasurer of of the enterprising business men of the town. He Ohio. Thev trace their ancestors back to one was born in Linn county, Iowa, on March 8, John Hanon, who was very prominent in the i857, the son of Sears N. and Martha Hazen, colonies before the Revolution, being president natives of Pennsylvania. He has one brother, of the united colonies. James Hanson, the grand- John P., of this county and one sister, Mrs. Nancy father of our subject, was a veteran of the War of Cameron of M\odoc county, California. Our sub- 1812 and lived within thirty days of being one ject crossed the plains with his parents in i863, hundred )ears of age. Our subject's mother, coming with ox teams to Sacramento county, Cal- Rosa (Welch) Hanson, is now deceased. Her ifornia. Six months were consumed on the jour- grandfather was one of the five charter members ney which was about the ordinary trip of that of the order of Od(d Fellows in the United States. kind at that time. Later, they came to northern The organization was effected in i8I9 and he California and in 1873, the family, with the ex- w\as influential in it. Mr. Hanson has one ception of the mother, who had died in Califor- brother, Albert, and two sisters, -Mrs. Elva Arbo- nia, settled on Lost river. It was then in Jack- gast, deceased and MIrs. Jenette G. Copeland, who son county, Oregon. Later it was situated in died some ten vears ago in this county. Our Lake county and is now in Klamath county. The subject wvent with his father to Bates county, Mis- father is now living near Merrill in this county. souri and there commenced his education. Later, Our subject was reared on the ranch and edu- he went to Fort Scott and completed his training cated in the public schools and in boyhood days, in the schools, then went to Anderson county, rode the range for several years. Then he went Kansas. In i886, we find him in New Mexico, in the stock business for himself and later took a whence he journeyed to Arizona and did rail- trip through Wyoming. Afterwards, he returned roading for a while. During this time, he HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 1045 learned the engineers trade and operated an en- valuable and beautiful. He has always taken an gine for some time. He traveled over various por- interest in the affairs of the county and has lab- tions of California and finally in I893 landed in ored hard for its prosperity. In i88i, he came Klamath county. In 1897 he came to his present to Reno, Nevada and shortly thereafter journeyed place and engaged in the stock business. He has bv stage to Aden, California. There he bought a fine quarter section of hay land and an unlim- a team and wagon and journeyed overland ited to range for stock. He owns now one hundred Portland. Later, he visited other points of the an(l fifty head of cattle besides a lot of horses and west and northwest and on May 2i, 1882, has been prospered land- exceedingly. Coming here ed in Klamath Falls. For a short time without he followed funds and starting in to build a home he farming and stock raising then removed has to town succeeded so well that today he is worth fif- and engaged in the barber and confectionary teen thousand dollars at least. Air. Hanson is ac- business. He closed out the store later and con- tive as a guide for home seekers and has the satis- tinued in the operation of the barber shop ever faction of having established many a good lo- since. Klamath Falls, it was Linkville, then, was cation. a very small hamlet and but few settlers were On April i I, i896, 'Mr. Hanson married Mrs. in the county. Air. Taylor has not only witnessed Hopy (Dodson) Wilson, who was born in Yam- the growth of the county and town in these years hill county, Oregon, the daughter of Robert and but has very materially assisted in their pros- Mary L. (Roy) Dodson, The father is deceased perity and upbuilding. and the mother is nowv living with this daughter. ()i November 26, 1871, Mr. Taylor married The parents crossed the plains with ox teams in AMrs. Josephine A. Van Valkenburg, of Dutch an- I847 and settled in Washington county on a don- cestry. By her former husband she has two sons, ation claim. They came in the same train but Lunian G., a prominent mining man were not of Surnas, married until after thev arrived in Ore- Washington and Howard H., a gon. AIrs. Hanson's leading stock- former husband, Thomas nnn of Klamath county and also ex-county \\'ilson, was of Washington county, Oregon and treasurer. to them five children were born: Chloe, wife of Air. Taylor is a member of the Masonic fra- John Linn, in this county; Clay, a miller in Wash- ternitv and also the A. 0. LT. W. He and his ington county; M\1ary, Burke, and Thomas B. wife are highly respected people and are good Mr. Hanson is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. substantial citizens. in Klamath Falls. He and his wife are substan- tial people, well known and highly respected. JOHN L. JONES, who resides about seven miles northwest from Klamath Falls on Long Lake, was born on April 2, i854, in England. His KY TAYLOR, a tensorial artist of excel- parents, Inigo and Agnes L. (Lemmey) Jones lent skill, is handling a thriving establishment are now deceased. At the early age of eleven, in our 1Ilamatlh Falls. He is a genial and good manl stibject left home and went to sea, shipping on and has won the confidence and friendship of all the sailin- vessel, Maggie, bound for Mediterran- who know him. Mr. Taylor is a respected and sub- ean ports. After a voyage of nine months, be re- stantial citizen and one of the pioneers of this turled to England and shipped as an ordinary part of Oregon. He was born June 6. 1850 in seaman to Calcutta. Then he went to China and I'oweshiek county, Iowa. The parents were Hi- later to San Francisco and in I871 went to the ram and IMIargaret (Severns) Taylor, natives of niines at various points in California. Two years ()hio and early pioneers to Iowa. They are now later he went to South America and worked in deceased. Our subject is the only one of the famn- a saltpeter mine for five years. After that, he ily living an(l was left an orphan when eleven again waiit to sea an(l held the position of mate v ears of age. Since that time, he has been entirely oil various vessels and traveled all over the on his own resources. He gained a good education globe. Three times he has sailed around the by industrious effort and in i868 entered an ap- globe and every port of any importance in the en- prenticeship with a barber, and since that time, tire world has been visited by him. During this lhe has followed his trade at different times and long career of thirteen years on the water, he was places. He has a fine establishment in Klamath shipwrecked twice, both times in the English Falls and owns a half interest on a fine business channel, and on those occasions it was only by corner the and a store whichl he rents. Ai\r. Taylor utmost exertion that his life was saved. In also has a very i88o nice residence in one of the choice ie quit the sea at Ptget sound and journeyed locations of the city and the place is well im- (down to Yamnbill county, Oregon where he did proved with shade and fruit trees, making it farming for seven years. Then he raised hops I % _ __ __ - _0 _ ___ _ -- 10004 p I I046 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. until 1897, after \vIicli lie sold out in Yamnhill Here lie took to sawmilling and operated a mill county and came to Klamath county in i899. He at the agency in addition to one at Klamath Falls. located on Long lake, as stated above, where he He was also postmaster for several years at Link- oxyins somnething over a half section of land part ville, now Klamath Falls, and was appointed the of which is fine meadow and part timber land. first judge of Klamath county. In i888, he was It is well located for stock business and he has elected again to that position but resigned to considerable stock at the present time. In addi- move to Portland, in i890. He then built and tion to handling his farm and stock, Mr. Jones operated a mill at Gladstone, but later lost his is logging for Moore Brothers on Upper Klam- health and died in i899, at his house in Port- ath Lake and has been so engaged for a long land. He married Miss Margaret 0. M\eldrumi, time. He is one of the successful men in this also a native of Illinois who crossed the plains business and is also a leading and a substantial with her parents with an ox train in 1845. They citizen. made settlement at Oregon City where her On October 23, 1884 in Yamhill county, Ir. mother is now living, aged eighty-six. Her fa- Jones married Miss Mary E. Wood, who was ther passed away in i890. They were well known born in Nebraska City, Nebraska. Her parents and highly respected pioneers. Mrs. Moore is are Ora and Mary E. (Lake) Wood. The father still living, aged sixty-eight. The brothers and is deceased. To this union thirteen children have sisters of our subject are Charles S., treasurer been born, eight of whom are living, named as of the state of Oregon, Mrs. Estella 0. Bellinger, follows: Agnes L., wvife of F. Z. Hawkins, Inigo, Mrs. Frankie Hammond, Mary B., and Hen- Lorenzo T., Edith I., Frank Ml., Marv E., Lillie rietta E. M. and Richard V. Our subject attended the public schools in the Mr. Jones is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and Willamette valley then finished his education in is well and favorably known. He takes a great the Willamette Ulniversity, perfecting himself in interest in politics and in everything that tends surveying. He was in the employ of the United to upbuild the country. While Mr. Jones has States government, as United States deputy sur- traveled all over the world, he believes that veyor, for a good many years and surveyed all Klamath county is one of the best sections he through the state of Oregon. He came to has ever visited and is thoroughly in love with Klamath county in 1877 and since then has made the country and the climate. It is interesting this his headquarters. In 1887, he and his to note that while Mr. Jones has been in all kinds brother Charles S., went into the sawmill business of company in his long and extensive traveling, at Klamath Falls and thev now handle a large he has never acquired the habit of using tobacco business. They purchased the property owned or intoxicating drinks and has set an example by their father and in addition have several thou- wortny to be copied by his associates. He has sand acres of timberland. They do all kinds ot the following named brothers and sisters: Richard wood manufacture for building and are one of the V., Isaac, Mrs. Catharine Chapman, deceased; large establishments of the county. Inigo; Lorenzo W.; Annie; Thomas; Perinella. On July 7, i900, Mlr. Moore married Alfiss Those living are in England. Our subject is the Clara A. Shaw, who was a resident of Portland, eldest of the family. Since coming to Oregon, Oregon. Politically our subject has always taken Mr. Jones has shown commendable industry and a keen interest in the campaigns and in i900 was enterprise and is one of the substantial men here. delegate to the national convention which nom- inated McKinley and Roosevelt at Philadelphia, $ .- in i900. MIr. 1\oore is a man of ability and enter- prise and enjoys the confidence and esteem of RUFUS S. MOORE, a lumber manufacturer his fellows. of Klamath Falls, was born March 7, I855, ill Marion county, Oregon. He came from an old and prominent family of colonial times, many of DA'NIEL X\I. GRIFFITH lives at Odessa whom distinguished themselves in fighting for about twenty-eight miles northwest from Kla- their country. His father, Judge William S. math Falls. He was born June i9, i86i, in Moore, a native of Illinois, came from Scotch- Franklin county, Virginia, the son of Captain S. Irish ancestry and crossed the plains with ox H. and MIary (Campbell) Griffith, both natives teams in 1849 to Oregon City. He took a dona- of the same county. Their children number ten, tion claim in the Willamette valley and also fol- six boys and four girls and nine of them are lowed his trade of 1\Iillwrighlt. He wrought on living. The father was a prominent man in his the Oregon City plants and also built a flour mill county, having been sheriff for some time and at Salim anmd in 1873 lie came to Klanmath Falls. was quite wealthy at the breaking out of the I HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. I1047 Civil War. He enlisted in the confederate army extensively and is highly educated in English, as captain and fought through the entire struggle, German, and French, speaking all three of the oniy to find then that his property was all gone languages fluently and is a great student of books and he was a poor man. He came west to Shel- and nature. With her other accomplishments, by county, Missouri, and there died about fifteen she is a first class stenographer, but instead of years since, aged seventy-six. His father, Dan- seeking the busier marts of the world is far hap- icl Griffith, the grandfather of our subject, was pier in this sequestered spot. It will certainly a veteran of the Revolution. Daniel M. learned repay every tourist to visit Odessa on 'Klamatli the printer's trade after receiving his education Lake, Oregon if it is possible. for them so to do. and at the age of fifteen came west to Gunnison, There is a spot of land adjacent to the spring Colorado. For twenty years thereafter he was called 'Squaw's Garden" which had been tilled engaged in mining and has been in all the prin- by the Indians for over one hundred years be- cipal camps in Colorado, Nevada, Arizona, Cali- fore the white men secured the place. MIany fornia and Idaho. Also, he has operated a great spots in the vicinity have historical interest in deal in Oregon. He has been superintendent of connection with the aborigines and many beauti- some very large properties and is a very success- ful tales are told in connection with these of In- ful and thorough mining man. For a good many dian lives and Indian loves. years he made his home at Sumpter, Oregon, and Mr. Griffith has erected a sawmill and was the owner ol the Griffith placer mines there. owns several thousand acres of timber land and In igo9, Mr. Griffith purchased the place where in addition to handling the same is doing a fine he now resides and two years later, moved over lumber business. He owns the steamer Alma from Sumpter. The place was formerly known and makes regular trips from Klamath Falls to as the Poplars and is one of the choicest nooks Odessa. He also handles stock and owns a fine that nature has made on the Pacific coast. The large dairy. 1 he new steamer "Winema," also great Klamath lake lies in front, a magnificent makes regular trips to Odessa. sheet of water. To the back and west rise the In Victoria, British Columbia, on February Cascades among whose towering peaks is Mount 5. i897, Mr. Griffith married Mary (Thompson) Pitt, capped with snow throughout the year. The Claye, who was born in Derbyshire, England. By springs are as fine as can be found anywhere her former marriage, she has one son, Robert and lie one half mile west from the lake. So Clave, who is a student in the State university in large is the flow of water from them that the Idalho and is captain of the cadets in the miltary steamboat is enabled to make its way right up department. into the springs. The water is nearly ice cold Mr. Griffith belongs to the Masonic fratern- and on the banks stands the beautiful hotel that ity, while he and his wife belong to the Eastern Mr. Griffith has just completed. The country Star and the Episcopal church. Mr. and 1\Irs. adjacent for miles in every direction is beautiful Griffith are very extensively known although in scenery anl filled with all sorts of game, as they have been here but a few years and are bear, elk, while the lakes and creeks swarm highly respected people. with trout and aquatic fowl. The steamer makes regular trips from Klamath Falls to Odessa and the summer tourist sees the delights of the moun- tains with the comforts of civilization right at RICHARD I. HAMI'MOND, one of the leati- hand, having the choicest spot for his outing. ing merchants of Klaniath Falls, was born July Mr. Griffith has planned great improvements and 4, s851, in St. Louis, the son of William antI Isa- every year sees the banks of the lake and the bella Hammond, both natives of Ireland. The spring, white with the campers' tents. For those father located in St. Louis at an early day, where who prefer the accommodation, he has provided he followed the profession of an architect and the best in his hotel and also a large number of builder. He died when our subject was but two separate cottages, all of which may be secured months old. The mother subsequently marrie(l at very reasonable rates. Boats of all descriptions Robert T. Baldwinl, with whomn she came to Ash- are at hand and everything to make life pleasant land, Oregon, in the early '7os. Later they re- an(l happy for the city sick is to be found. Mrs. moved to Klamath Falls where she died in 1897, Griffith, a most estimable lady, with her mother, in her seventy-sevelnth yvear. personally supervises the hotel and attends to Our subject attenletd the common schools every detail that may bring her guests comfort. and, also, the Christian Brothers College in St. They are both ladies of culture and provide a Louis, receiving a good business etlucation. In hearty welcome for those who may find their way 1872 he came to Ashlantl, Oregon, with his moth- to this pleasant place. iMrs. Griffith has traveled er, where he obtained a position as a clerk. During r 1048 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON the -Modoc Indian War they took refuge in Fort 0. U. AC. Airs. Hammond is a member of the Klanlath, where they witnessed the hanging of Degree ot Honor, of which she is past chief, a number of 'Modoc Indians. In 1878 1Ir. Ham- and in 1902 was representative to the grand mon(l settled in the Tule Lake country, Klamath lodge. She is also a member of the Rebekah de- county, where he engaged in the stock business. gree, and has served two years as financial sec- It was in i88o that he came to Klamath Falls. retary. November i5, 1882, in Linkville, now Kla- In 1904 AMr. Hammondxvwas nominated on math Falls, he was united in marriage to Miss the democratic ticket for the office of county Frankie S. Moore, born at the place where Mt. treasurer. He was defeated by a very small ma- Angel now stands, in Marion county, Oregon. jority- the county being strongly Republican Her father, Judge William S. Moore, was born andl his oppoiieilt a cripple. in Belleville, Illinois, April 24, 1829. By trade he was a millwright, and in 1849 came to Ore- gon City, where he assumed charge of the con- struction of a large flouring mill. This was in ERRAN ROGERS REAMIES, one of the lead- the spring of 185o, and the mill is still in opera- ing capitalists and bankers of Oregon, resides tion. In 1870 he was elected treasurer of Marion in a beautiful home oil the banks of Klamath county by a large majority. In 1878 he was ap- river, Kialllath Falls. The place of his nativity, pointedIpostmaster of ILinkville, and at the time is Litchfiel(l, Montgomery county, Illinois, hav- of the organization of the county he was ap- ing been born April 5, i85o, the son of Wood- pointed county judge, and was elected to the ford ani(l Alatlllda (White) Reanles, both na- same office in i888, but resigned in i890, and re- tives of Hlart county, Kentucky. Woodford moved to Portland. For several years before Reanles was born April 4, i81i; his wife, April his death June io, 1898, he was a confirmed in- 2, 1825. valid. her mother, Margaret 0. (Meldrumn) The paternal grandfather of our subject, Moore, was a native of Illinois, and crossed the Aharon Reallles, although living in the south and plains with her parents, settling at Pacific City, being a large slave owner, was found firmlv on near the mouth of Columbia, on the NNWashilngton the Union side when slaverv became a national side. She was married in i854, and is now living issue. He then emphasized his sincerity by lib- in P'ortland, Oregon, at the age of sixty-eight erating those wvlo had toiled for his personal suc- years. The brothers and sisters of MArs. Hammondl cess in life. Probably of Scotch descent his an- Etta E. Moore. Mrs. Hammlnond received an ex- cestors settled in Virginia, whence his parents cellent education, and taught school four years in move(l to Kentucky, wlhere lie was born. Dur- Klamath county. Mr. and Al rs. Hammond have ing the Civil War lie attained to the rank of col- three daughters, Mabel K., Bessie M\[. and Ber- onel in the Liion army. Aaron Reames was tha AlS. They take a profound interest in the the father of nine children, anld lived to an ad- education of their children. vanced age. Our subject has engaged in various occupa- Woodford Reames, the father of our subject, tions. During five years he clerked in the Link- in his vouth learned the blacksmith trade, work- ville Hotel, and in i890 removed to Portland, ing at the same in Kentucky and, also, after lie where he remained fifteen months. On his re- had remove(l to AMlontgomnery countv, Illinois. turn lie was appointed postmaster and conductcd In April, I852, when Evan R. was two years of the office in connection with a small store. I n age, hle crossed the plains accompanied by his Alarcli, 1903, lie was burned out, sustaining a loss wife and four children, and a long train of many of about five thousand dollars with no insurance. other emigrants. i ne family tarried one winter Nothing daunted hie rebuilt on1 a larger scale, and at St. Helens, Columbia county, Oregon, and the nOw has a handsome and commodlious store build- following spring \Voodford Reames located about ing, in which ihe carries a complete stock of gen- one mile south of Phoenix, Jackson counltv, eral merchandise. Ore- In additioii to the store build- goin, wihere lie secured a donation claim of three ing, he has six roomis in which his familv are hllun(lre(l and txventy acres. On this land lie illade most comfortably hotused. He is agent for the maIly- iilprovemenlts, and in connection with his Wells-Fargo Express Company and the Oregon fa rlilng operations conducted a blacksnlith silop. Stage Company. During three years he served this being one of the first in the neigllborlloo(l. as a ilember of the school board. Fraternally Having erected a small log cabin and cleared a he is a member of Klamath Lodge, No. 137, 1. patch of ground which lie sowed to grain, lie '0. 0. F., also encampmeilelt. the No. 46, of which removed his family to Talent, and thence to he is treasurer, and Linkville Lodge No. ii0, A. Fort Wagner. In each of these places the set- -I HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. 1049 tiers had erected stockades to protect themselves many positions of honor in the community. At from the hostile Indians. Following the Rogue the organization of Klamath county he was ap- River Indian War, assured of greater safety, pointed treasurer by the governor, succeeding they returned to their land and resumed their himself at the following election. He has served improvements of a "home in the wilderness." several terms in the city council, and has ever About i879 he removed to Jacksonville where been recognized as a broad-minded and public- he lived a retired life until his death in 1884. His spirited citizen. He is a member of Klamath wife survived him until i890. They had a fam- Falls Lodge, No. 77, A. F. & A. M., the Knights ily of six children, the two youngest being born ±'emplar and the Royal Arch Masons. in Oregon; Thomas G., a banker in Jackson- October 3, 1873, near Jacksonville, Oregon, ville, Oregon, who died in March, I9oo; Martha, he was united in marriage to Jennie E. Ross, a widow of Joseph Rapp, of Talent, Oregon; native of Jacksonville, born in i855. She is a James R., a farmer on the old homestead at Phoe- daughter of General John E. Ross, one of the nix, Oregon; Dora, the wife of Oliver Har- best known Indian fighters in the northwest. hatigh of Jacksonville, Oregon; Richard, who They have one daughter, Molette, an accomplish- (lied in infancy; and our subject, being the fourth ed and very popular lady, the wife of 1?. of the family. W. Jennings, of the firm of Reames & Jennings. The latter received a fair education in the public schools of that pioneer period and at the 4*, age of nineteen entered upon a six-year clerk- ship in the store of Major James T. Glenn. At ISAAC A. DUFFY, who stands at the head the breaking out of the Modoc Indian War he of the Duffy Mercantile Company of Klamath promptly responded by enlisting as second lieu- Falls, is a well known business man of accred- tenant, Compay A, First Oregon Volunteer Cav- ited ability, whose labors in this county have, alry. This was on November 26, 1872. He for years past, won a success which is gratify- served until April, I873, under Captain Harris ing, indeed. He was born in Belmont county, Kelley, and was detailed to service in southern Ohio, on January 12, t86o. His father, Barney Oregon and northern California. In his first Duffy, a native of Ireland, came to the United important battle he received a flesh wound in the States when a boy and married Miss Elizabeth leg. Returning he again assumed his old posi- Hess, a native of Pennsylvania, of German ex- tion in the store. In i88i he was in partnership traction. He is deceased but his widow is still with his brother, Thomas G., in a general mer- living in Macon county, Missouri. When a child chalndise store, with a branch store at Klamath our subject accompanied his parents from his na- lFalls, then called Linkville, of which Evan R. tive state to West Virginia, thence to Missouri, took control, removing here the same year. In in which place lie grew up and received his edu- i886 he disposed of his interest in both stores and cation. Then lie engaged in the drug business, turned his attention to stock-raising. His ranch continuing the same for twenty years. At ! he comprised two thousand acres, two miles south end of that period, he determined to try the of Klamath Falls. He engaged two years in west and accordingly made the journey to Ore- business in San Jose, California, chiefly on ac- gon. For a while the stock business employed count of the superior educational advantages of- his energies, his headquarters being on the fered for his daughter. Owyxhee river. After that, we find him at Gray's In i890 Mr. Reames engaged in the hard- Harbor in the general mercantile business. Then ware business with George T. Baldwin, at Kla- he moved to various sections urd finally located math Falls, but in i898 disposed of his interest in Palouse City, Washington. In 1897 he jotirn- and inaugurated a general merchandise and eyed thence to Klamath Falls and being iii- banking business, in company with Alexander pressed with the location, opened a small general Martin & Sons. lie purchased Martin's inter- merchandise store. From the beginning he was est in two years and has since conducted the successful and trade rapidly grew. Finally in 9go0 same uinder the firm name of Reames & Jen- he organized the Duffy Mercantile Company and ningis. He is one of the promoters and stock- erected a fine new building in one of the best lo- holders of the Klamath Falls Electric Light & cations of the city and stocked the same with a Water Power Company, and is treasurer and full line of (Irv goods, clothing, groceries, shoes, owner of a quarter interest in the Midway Tel- gents Turnishings, crockery and hardware. The ephone & Telegraph Company, and is, also, vice- trade has increased in a remarkable degree and president of the Klamath Countv Bank. Polit- Mr. Duffy is considered one of the most skillful ica1ly Mr. Reames is independent and he has held and enterprising merchants of this part of the A0. ------I - r, I 010 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. state. In addition to this business he is inter- Sheriff Obenchain owns two hundred acres ested in the boats that navigate the Upper Kla- of land, with a substdintial house and all neces- math lake which are doing a good business. In sary improvements. He has, also, a small band every way Mr. Duffy has shown himself to be an of cattle and horses. In June, 1904, he was elect- enterprising and progressive man and has la- ed sheriff of Klamath county, on the Republican bored assiduously for the improvement and up- ticket, and is now serving in that official-capac- building of the country. Every enterprise which ity. Fraternally he is a member of the A. 0. U. is for the betterment of the country and the W., an enterprising and progressive citizen and bringing in of improvements has been fostered one highly esteemed by his numerous friends and and favored by Mr. Duffy. He stands well in acquaintances. the community and is a public spirited man and one of the leading citizens of the county. JOHN W. BRANDENBURG, an esteemed citizen of Klamath Falls, is now living retired having passed a life of activity. He was born on SILAS H. OBENCHAIN, sheriff of Kla- November I4, i840 in Richland county, Ohio, math county, resides at Klamath Falls. He is the son of John W. and Lydia J. (Sisney) by birth an Oregonian, having been born at Cen- Brandenburg, natives of Maryland and Ohio, tral point, Jackson county, September i8, i863, respectively. The father's father, William Bran- the son of Bartlett and Nancy (Morse) Oben- denburg, was born in Germany. He was the son chain. The father is a native of Virginia; the of Solomon Brandenburg, who was a wealthy mother of Pennsylvania. Bartlett Obenchaill and influential military man and left Germany crossed the plains in i86i, accompanied by his owing to some supposed insult to the Richstag. wife and three children. One winter they tar- He came to America in 1770. This man was de- ried at Marysville, California, coming thence to scended from the old and influential Branden- Central Point, where he was one of the earliest burg family, who has at one time owned the settlers. He located a homestead upon which, walled town of Brandenburg. Our subject's with his wife, he is still living, in his seventy- father came to the coast in 1850 and settled in seventh year. His estimable wife is sixty-nine Linn county and there remained until his death years of age. Besides our subject they had seven in I864, being aged sixty-one. The mother was children, viz: Meldoran M., of Gold Hill, Ore- a granddaughter of Colonel Conine, who was a gon; George E., of Klamath county; Mrs. Alice commissary officer under General Washington, A. Lindsay; Mrs. Jennie Wilson; Mrs. Sarah in the Revolution. She crossed the plains sev- Pankey; Mrs. Nannie Pankey, and Mrs. Minnie eral years after her husband and died at the home Penniger. of her daughter, Mrs. M. J. Countiss, at Port- On the Jackson county farm our subject was land, December 4, 1904, aged eighty-two. The reared, receiving a common school education other children of the family besides our sub- in the public schools of his vicinity. He came to ject, are Otho S. and George, the former in Har- Klamath county in i885, but subsequently re- risburg and the latter in Portland, Oregon; Mrs. turned to Jackson county. During the spring Martha Countiss, in Portland; and Mrs. Annie of i886 be secured a homestead in Klamath Kiehlmeyer, of Tacoma, Washington. Our sub- county, in the Langells valley, but continued to ject went with his parents to Ottumwa, Iowa, in work for wages, while at the same time saga- 1845 and his oldest sister is the first white girl ciously improving his ranch. For seven years he born there. In the spring of 1859, he crossed the was in the employment of Gerber Brothers driv- plains with an emigrant train and settled near ing beef cattle. He also worked the same length Petaluma, California. Later, he came to Limn of time for Swanston & Son, both firms having county and took a normal course in the academy headquarters at Sacramento, California. For at Lebanon. After his school davs were finished them he, also, purchased and sold cattle. he made a trip to the Cariboo mines in British June I5, I904, Mr. Obenchain was married Columbia in i862. and the same year, came to to Emma Grohs, a native of Placer county, Cal- the Santiain, where he discovered, with five other ifornia, where she was reared and educated. Her prospectors, a year later, the Santiam mines. parents were Fred P. and Mary L. (Brendeau) at Quartsville, which caused a marked excite- Grohs. Both of them are deacl. She has a ment. For a time, Air. Brandenburg served as brother, Frank P. Grohs, of Klamath county, and deputy sheriff of Linn county. three sisters, Mrs. Minnie 1\artin and Mrs. On July 8, i868, at Albany, Oregon, he mar- Lollye Foster, of San Francisco, and Mrs. Jewel ried M\elissa Cooper, who was born in Adams Carpenter, of Sacramento. county, Illinois, on December 3, 1849. Her fath- HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. I051 er, Wiliam H. Cooper, was born in Kentucky, the father a native of Ohio; the mother of Ken- in i8i2 and was one of the early settlers in tuckv. Adams county. Ile came to California in I849, 1 he ancestors of Rev. Henry L. Benson were and returned in four years to Adams county, of Scotch-Irish descent and early pioneers of and then went to Putnam county, Missouri. Ohio. It was in i852 that Henry C. came to Later, he was in Texas and in the spring California as a missionary for the Methodist of i862, crossed the plains with ox teams. Set- Episcopal church. He followed preaching and tlement was made in Lane county and later, editorial work on various religious journals in they removed to Linn county where his death California and Oregon, until a few years before occurred in i88o. His father was an officer in his death in i897, having been fifty years in the war of i812 and was of German ancestry. active work. He died in San Jose, California, The mother of Mrs. Brandenburg was Mary in his eighty-third year. The mother of our sub- (Job) Cooper, a native of Indiana. Her father, ject was a granddaughter of the late Earl of a Baptist minister, was a native of England. She Warwick. She was reared in Indiana and was was the granddaughter of Emily Little, who married to Rev. enry C. Benson at Greencastle, lived to be one hundred and fifteen years of age. that state, during the period when he was pro- Mrs. Cooper is now living in Albany, Oregon, fessor of ancient languages at Asbury, now aged seventy-eight. Her children, besides Mrs. DePauw University, Bishop Simpson being at Brandenburg, are Mrs. M\Jartha Elson, Mrs. Nan- that time president. Mrs. Benson died at San cy Burkhart, Mrs. Sarah Arnold, and Otho. Mr. Jose, California, in December, i9oi, about eighty Brandenburg served seven years in an official years of age. To them were born a family of capacity at the state penitentiary of Oregon, com- twelve children, nine of whom are now living, mencing in 187i, and was a very faithful and viz: Sanford G., city editor of the San Jose Daily trusted officer. Later he had charge of a por- Mercury; William W., a merchant; our subject; tion of the asylum at Salem. In 1887, he came Frank W., an attorney of Roseburg, Oregon, to Klamath Falls Indian reservation and took and president of the Douglas County Bank; Fred charge of the Indian school, conducting the same T., a farmer, near Salem, Oregon; Mrs. Emma for six and one half years, his wife being matron. E. Goodell, whose husband is an attorney in Later, he had charge of the industrial school at Alaska; Mrs. Susie P. Carpy; Mrs. Gail E. the agency and was disciplinarian. In this last Perkins, her husband being assistant state treas- position he served six years. In i899, they urer, at Salem, Oregon; and Mrs. Clara Tonkin, came to Klamath Falls, determined to live retired living at San Jose, California. and there purchased a beautiful home place. It In i864 our subject came to Portland, Ore- consists of two acres of choice fruit and garden gon, with his parents, but in i868 returned to land, a nice residence and other improvements. San Jose. There he was matriculated in the He also owns ne hundred and sixty acres of university from which he was graduated in i873 land near Merrill, a nice tract adjoining the with the degree of A. M. Subsequently he re- state grounds near Salem and a quarter section ceived the degree of Doctor of Literature. He of timber. then studied law in the office of Judge Herring- Mr. Brandenburg is a member of the A. 0. ton, of San Jose, and was admitted to practice U. W. and is a very popular and substantial man. in all courts in I878. For two years he followed The children of this worthy couple are Altha, his profession in San Jose, coming to Roseburg, the wife of Mr. Pogue, an attorney of Salem, Oregon, in i88o. Here he devoted himself to Oregon; Clyde K., of Klamath Falls; Maude teaching, and, for a period, was principal in a M., wife of Horace W. Cox, Indian agent and private academy. It was in i886 that be went to officer at Quinault, Washington; Floyd K., of Grant's Pass where he practiced law, and in Klamath Falls; Grace E., Mabel E. and Earl R. i892 he was elected district attorney for the First The last three are deceased. It is of interest to Judicial District of Oregon, embracing Jose- note that Count Brandenburg, who was prime phine, Jackson, Klamath and Lake counties. In minister of Germany in I848, was of the same I896 Judge Benson was elected to the Oregon family as our subject. Legislature and was chosen speaker of the house. In i898 lie was elected as one of the two cir- cuit judges for the same district in which he had JUDGE HENRY L. BENSON, residing at served as district attorney, on the Republican; Klamath Falls, was born July 6, I854, in Stock- ticket, and removed to Klamath Falls. He was ton, California. His parents were Rev. Henry re-elected in I904, bhy an overwhelniing majority. C., D. D., and Matilda M. (Williamson) Benson, September 7, 1876, our subject was united in; -- W . - . - - .~- -~ _ , -- 1052 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. marriage to Susie E. Dougharty, born in Lafay- the same. He is also deputy grand master for *ette, California, July I4, i858. To them have this district. Politically, he is a very strong and been born six children, viz: Rea W., married to active Republican always taking a keen and very Grace Cook, a bookkeeper in San Francisco; lively interest in the campaigns as well as in every- Arthur S., department clerk in the supreme thing that is for the building up of the commun- court, Salem; Clark, deceased; Gail E., Harry ity. Owing to the fact that Mr. Wheeler had G., and Louise R. Two children have been born little opportunity to gain an education, he is to Mrs. Cook, Cyril and Elwood. greatly interested in educational matters and not Fraternally Judge Benson is a member of the only is providing the best means for the educa- Masons, Elks and A. 0. U. W. tion of his daughter but is an ardent worker for the betterment of all school facilities. Mr. and Mrs. Wheeler are highly esteemed people and have very many friends in the country. JAMES HENRY WHEELER, one of the leading citizens of Fort Klamath and a well known business manl, was born in McHenry county, Illinois, on May I, i863. His father, MARK L. BURNS, a widle awake and pro- James Wheeler, was a native of Vermont and gressive real estate man of Klamath Falls, was a veteran of the Civil war, dying in the serv- born near the old Spanish grant on Sand creek, ice of his country when our subject was an in- Tulare county, California, on _March 9, I873. fant. He had married a Mrs. Anna Holda Two years later he came with his parents to Whiteman and after her husband's death she Wilderville, Josephine county, Oregon, and was married Dr. Wentworth and resided in Kansas raised on the farm, receiving a good education until her death, which occurred in I877. James from the public schools of Josephine county. Henry had a very poor opportunity to gain and Also he studied three years in a private high education but made the very best of his chance school conducted by Prof. John H. Robinson. and was largely thrown on his own resources, He was contented to remain on the farm until being but nine years of age when he left home. he reached life's majority, at which time he as- He worked his passage to Wadsworth, Nevada, sumed responsibilities for himself, taking up at such things as washing dishes, herding cat- mining as his first venture. He operated on the tle and anything that he could find to do. Final- Illinois river in his home county and succeeded lv, he desired to see the countrv on west and in in locating some fine old channel diggings and company with some companions of the same worked on the same for two vears successfully. mind, journeyed from Wadsworth to Tule Lake, He was variously engaged until i900, when he selected Klamath Oregon, where they embarked in stock-raising. Falls for a business point and came here in charge He has been in Klamath county since and has of a large band of cattle which lie took to Fort Klamath and sold. met good success in his labors, being now He en- one of gaged in the mercantile business there for a the substantial property owners of the county. while, then sold out and located in the He has considerable town of property in the town of Fort Klamath Falls. At first he opened a butcher Klamath and one of the finest residences there. shop but sold the same in I903 and engaged He has just completed in a large hall which is used real estate and insurance and is now handling a for lodge purposes and also owns considerable very excellent business. He is the agent for the other property. i\lutual Life Insurance Company and has made On March 4, i896, occurred the marriage of a marked success in that line. Mr. Burns is an Mr. \s heeler and Miss Gesine Janssen. the daugh- up-to-date man, full of energy and believes in ter of Cornelius and Marie(Olfs)Janssen, natives going right after business, which is the secret of Germany. Mrs. Wheeler was born April 6, of his success. tie is a genial manl, social and I878. Her father died in Germany in T882 and kindly disposed and the result is, he has won she came to the United States with her mother, many friends. His close application to business making settlement first in Iowa. Later, thev and perseverance, backed by good natural abil- came to Kliamath coutntv and the mother is re- ityv have brought him the business he has sidilg here. Mr. and Mrs. Wheeler have one sot'ght for and he is considered one of the most child, Grace Marie, who was born January 6, successful men of the town. In political matters, I897. MIr. Burns is a Democrat and takes a keen inter- Fraternally Mr. Wheeler is a member of the est ini the campaigns as well as in every move- A. O. U. W. and the Foresters. He is past chief irent that tends to build ul) the countrv. Al- ranger of the latter order an(l is now director of though his residence has not been so long in l HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. I053 Klamath county as some of the pioneers yet he preaching. He is a member of the Methodist has so thoroughly identified himself with its in- church and a devout and earnest Christian. Our terests that no work purporting to mention the subject's mother was a native of Tennessee and leading men coul(l with impunity omit his name. died in 1902, aged seventy-five. She also was He has accumulated a nice property both in Kla- an ardent and consistent Christian worker and an math Falls and in farm holdings and is one of estimable and honorable woman. James M. the well to (1o men of the country. Moore received his education in the common The father of our subject is Francis G. schools of Lakeport, California and came with Burns, a distant relative of the noted poet Burns, his parents to Klamath county, where he took andl was born in Ohio, whence he removed to a homestead which he disposed of. He has been l\licbigau, where he received his education. At constantly engaged in freighting from dif- the age of seventeen he crossed the plains to ferent railroad points to the interior of Klamath Tuolulmnne county-, California, and engaged in and Lake counties for some fifteen years and he placer mining, which occupied him for some hauled the first load of freight from Pokegama time. Later, he married Miss Caroline, the to Klamath Falls. daughter of James and Susan Woody, pioneers On February 22, I883, occurred the mar- of Oregon. Later he and his wife removed to riage of Mr. Moore and Mrs. Ella A. Wilson, at Grant's Pass, Oregon, where they now reside. Cloverdale, California. Mrs. Moore was the They are parents of the following named chil- daughter of Benjalmin and Amanda Wilson, na- dren: Sarah L., James T., Mark L., who is our tives of Iowa. They followed farming and are subject, Robert G., Wiley, Mary J., Caroline, now both deceased. Mrs. Moore died at Rea Frank, William J., John S., and Harvey. The Bluff, California, in I893, leaving two children, last named one is deceased. Joseph 13. and Lena Campbell, who are now both At Grant's Pass. ()regon, on February 25, deceased. Mr. Moore owns considerable valu- i894, Mr. turns married Miss Emma S. Long- able property in Klamath Falls and is a citizen enbaker, the daughter of John and Margaret of influence and excellent standing. He has Longelnbaker. natives of Germany, who came to many warm friends and is kown as a good man. this country before the Civil war. Mr. Longen- baker is a veteran of that struggle and now re- sides at Grant's Pass. Oregon. To Mr. and Mrs. Burns, the following named children have been ISAAC W. BLURRISS, proprietor of the born. Lena At., Raymiond L., Elsie M., John F., Linkville Hotel at Klamath Falls, is one of the Albert. Caroline and Marie. leading citizens of the town. His house is a Mr. Burns is a member of the K. 0. T. M. favorite with the traveling public and is known and in that as in everything else he undertakes, as one of the best places of entertainment of the he is an enthusiastic and ardent worker. He and county. It is a commodious structure, with a his wife are highly esteemed people and have fine dining room, office, bar and so forth, vuith many friends in the places where they have plenty of sleeping apartments. Mr. and Mrs. dwelt. Burriss are skillful and up-to-tlate hotel people and have made themselves very popular with all. Isaac W. Burriss was born in Paris, Missouri, JOSEPH M. MOORE was born in Wasco the son of Isaac and Eliza A. (Foreman) Bur- coulnty, Oregon, on1June 29, i857, and now re- riss. The early progenitors of the family sides in Klamath Falls, Oregon. His father, were Welsh people. Three brothers came Joseph Moore. was a native of Muncie, Indiana, to the colonies and settled in Virginia. They an(l crossed the plains in i850, locating near were patriotic and staunch men and did their Walla Walla, Washington. where he engaged part to make this country free. The father in general farming and stock-raising. He later learned the trade of the hatter, then removed removed to Wasco countv and then to Red Bluff, from Virginia to Kentucky, and later returned California. In 1883 he journeyed with his fam- to Virginia. He finally came to Paris, Missouri, ily to Klamath county, and located in Poe val- where he died a few months before our subject ley, taking a homestead. It is claimed that he was born. The mother was born in Virginia raised on that place the first wheat ever grown and was married in Kentucky and after the death in Klamath county. He made his home there of her first husband, married A. L. Chapman, a until recently, when he removed to Fresno, Cal- blacksmith. He came to California in 1859 and ifornia, and there he expects to dwell. He is two years later returned to Missouri and in I852 seventy-six years of age and devotes much time took his family across the plains with ox teams and attention to church work and does some in company with Lane brothers, who became _ 1i - 1 *1I-~ 7-Now r 1054 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. famous and wealthy minlers in California. They kersfield, California, and engaged in the settled in Stockton, California, sheep and in i854 went business. He was successful and operated in to Andrews county, later to Solano county and the various places finally to in the state until I879 when Santa Clara county. There he re- he closed out the business mained until and came to Ashland, his death in 1902, being then ninety Oregon. There he years of did business about twenty age. He was one of the prominent pi- years and in i9oi, he came oneers of California to Klamath Falls and and was a Knight Templar took charge of the Hotel Linkville, which Mason. I\Irs. Chapman he has is still living in Santa operated since. Mr. Burris has a one hundred Clara county, in her ninetieth year. Our sub- and sixty acre farm near Merrill besides other ject was the only child born to the first mar- property. On February 29, 1883, at riage. To the second Ashland, were born Mrs. Fannie Oregon, Mr. Burriss married Miss Fracina Horn, Mrs. Lucy Lane, Mrs. Erb, Mattie A. Proc- who was born in Illinois. She crossed the tor, and Mrs. Susan Lampkin plains of Santa Clata, with her parents in I864. Three children are and Asa, deceased. When a the mere lad, our sub- fruit of this union, Warren E., Lois E. and ject began prospecting. but made his headquar- Hazel. ters at his home. In i863 he went to the Boise Mr. Burris is a member of Basin and the I. 0. 0. F., made some money. He then return- the encampment and A. 0. U. *ed to California W. He is one and engaged in farming. In of the early pioneers of the Pacific coast i872, he went to and is Modoc county, California, and intimately acquainted with all that country took up the sheep be- business, having over two sides having endured much personal hardship thousand head. The hard winter following in those early days. swept away By way of reminiscence, all his sheep. During that time the we note that in Indians 1854 he purchased a hat from a were on the war-path and he had much Mexican which he fighting wore several years and then in company with the soldiers, to subdue preserved as a relic, the savages. having it still, as much his- Later, our subject returned to Ba- tory is connected with it. ADDENDA CHAPTER I PRESS OF WASCO, SHERMAN, GILLIAM, WHEELER, CROOK, LAKE AND KLAMATH COUNTIES. A most potential force is a well-written, ness proposition, requiring that wonderful com- lively, up-to-date country newspaper. True, the bination of financial, literary, diplomatic, mechan- journalist who strenously labors for the best in- ical and, eftsoons, pugilistic genius. We come terests of his locality and the general good of now to chonicle the varied histories of the news- humanity, is, as a rule, poorly compensated for papers within the counties mentioned above. his toil and effort. But he stands for something; he represents something tangible; he poses in WASCO COUNTY. no reflected light; he is, perforce, compelled to have opinions of his own and, oftimes, he gives April i, I859, the first newspaper in Eastern them free ventilation; but he is several pegs Oregon made its appearance at The Dalles. This ahead of the colorless, negative, non-trenchant was The Dalles Journal. It was established by money-grabber, bounded by the narrowest social Captain Thomas Jordan, then in command of the horizon of any man on earth. The daily laborer garrison at Fort Dalles. Mrs. Lord states that on a daily newspaper-or weekly-will per- this semi-official journal was "edited by two chance, find himself beset by hornets and made educated soldiers," and it is to be presumed that the victim of bitter revilings. But he who has they, also, set the type. One year subsequent to no enemies has few friends, and in the long run the appearance of the Journal, April i, i86o, the the average country editor is proven in the plant was purchased by W. H. Newell, and the right as a progressive and hustling advisor. name changed to The Mliountaineer. Of Editor Quite often the pioneer journalist is editor, com- Newell, Mrs. Lord says: positor, reporter and pressman. Once each week must his paper appear, as a rule on time, even Mr. Newell was an able writer, but extremely deaf. though the overburdened toiler is compelled to His office was on the corner of Main and Union streets, work eighteen or twenty hours a day. Never opposite and west of the new Columbia hotel, where must he neglect to accord full meed of praise Victor Trevitt owned store rooms with those high, where praise is due; if he fearlessly administers square fronts. rebuke where rebuke is merited, he is likely, One day there was a very high wind, and this being north, south, east or west, to be suddenly and an exposed corner, the wind caught the front of the unexpectedly confronted by the proverbial "bad printing office and whirled it away. Some one seeing man with a gun." it go ran over to the office. There stood Mr. Newell But the theme of editorial routine is, in these composing and "setting up" his editorials at the same early days of the Twentieth Century, a trifle time, which was his habit, as he seldom wrote them trite and threadbare. His weal and woe are first. They shouted to him: more familiar to the reading public than they "Don't you see the front of your office has blown were in the times of old, when even a tinge of off ?" mysterious romance ching to the smut-stained, He replied in the quietest tone imaginable: inky. Drinter's devil. Even country weekly jour- "Well, well; I thought I heard something." nalism is, nowadavs, a hard, matter-of-fact, busi- I want to explain that the ground where those build. -. ,n------______- 1o56 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. ings stood has caved away, and Mill Creek has cut one. In a trifle over a year a new press was down so much that it looks nothing like the original installed; increasing patronage demanded an en- place. larged paper. June i, i88i, it appeared as an In i862 The Mountaineer was issued daily eight column folio. and so continued until June 23, i866, when the In July, 1882, R. J. Marsh disposed of his weekly edition only was printed. These four interest in the printing business, and on the i8th successive years of daily journalism in the his- inst. he left The Dalles. Mr. Michell then be- tory of The Mountaineccr comprised a period of came sole publisher and shortly afterward The most exciting mining operations in Idaho. It was Tizzes was consolidated with The Mountaineer, in i866 that Mr. Newell was succeeded by and he became publisher of The Times-Moun- Messrs. Cowne & Halloran, who assumed charge taineer, a nine-colutmn folio. August tpth the of the columns of the paper. In i867 Mr. W. paper said M. Hand purchased The Iollontaineer and con- This issue is the first since the consolidation of tinued at the helm until his death, September i9, The Times and The Mountaineer under the editorship i88i, aged forty-seven years. During Mr. Hand's proprietorship of the paper he labored of John Michell. We are too well known to our read- assiduously to build up and develop the country. ers to require any extended introduction in assuming He was a manl loath to give offense to any one, editorial management of The Times-Mountaineer. In and so conducted his journal that it incurred no politics, as heretofore, we shall be Republican, but shall man's enmnity. By his genial affability in business criticise the actions of members of our party as well affairs he Won a large circle of friends. as those of the opposition. * * * * Our constant A stray copy of 7Tle Mllountaineer, printed aim will be to make The Times-Mountaineer a me- dium of news, local and general. Mar 12, i869. shows it to be a six-column folio. The rmuprilng head-line reads "Vol. IX. No. 34." Following the death of M\Ir. Hand The Moun- The Tiines-MIountaineer became a nine-col- taineer passed into possession of a joint stock umn folio. The original press of this paper was company by which it was published a short time an old Potter press, and was brought here from onlv. Colonel T. S. I ang was the editor, in San Francisco, California, and on which the which position he continued until its consolida- Alta-Califorsnian, the first paper in California, tion with The Dalles Times. This event took was printed. place Ai-tigst 54, 1882. We will now consider The first issue was an evening paper, but it the history of the Tines which was established was at once changed to a morning edition. This it will be remembered, was the second time the April 27, T88o. by R. J. Marsh and John MIich- ell. At its inception it was a seven-column folio, paper was issued as a daily. September I, i895, Republican in Politics. Its salutatory appeared J. H. Douthit bought The Timzes-MoInntaineer, April 2 th: and continued as editor and publisher until its 7 suspension. November 30, i900, The Daily With this issue appears Volume i, Number I, of Times-M1fountaileer suspended. The editor said: The Weekly Times, a journal devoted to the interests of the community, and the publishers by their honest For five years the present management has en- and earnest endeavors to promote the welfare of Wasco deavored to make The Daily Mountaineer a welcome county, hope and expect to receive a share of the pub- visitor to its many readers, and we believe our efforts lic patronage. We do not think this is asking too much have been appreciated. but we do not feel justified in of the citizens of our county as we intend to make continuing the publication of a daily paper at a loss. The Times a live paper, taking note of everything To the many patrons of The Daily Mountaineer we de- in our columns which may be of importance and inter- sire to express our appreciation of their patronage and est to the whole county in which we have lived for request that it be extended to the Weekly Times-Moun- nearly fifteen years, and thus giving our readers an taineer. equivalent for their patronage. In politics The Times will be Republican because November I2, i90i, The Tihnes-Mountain- the predilections of the publishers are in that channel. eer began the publication of a semi-weekly edi- * * * To the newspaper fraternity in general we tion, a six-column folio published Tuesdays and shall try to be courteous and gentlemanly. Fridays, until its suspension, September 30, 1904, MARSH & MICHELL, when the following valedictory appeared, writ- Editors and Publishers. ten by Editor Douthit: From the first The Times was successful, This is the last issue of The Times-Mountaineer financially, and the publication was an excellent I under the present management, and probably the last HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. I057 paper that will ever be issued under the above name. mienced July 6, 1878, and was suspended Decem- Conditions are such that I have found it impossible to her TO, I880. Its editor, Air. T. B. MXlerry, was continue further the publication of the paper. an able writer and well known throughout Ore- For three years past The Times-Mountaincer has gon and the whole Pacific coast. He became the been losing money, and the drain has been suich as to first editor of the S'unday Oregonian of Port- consume former accumulations. The party holding a land. It was a seven columni folio and politically mortgage on the plant has insisted on a settlement democratic. and the only means of settlement is to turn the plant The [IVasco Weekliy Sun was presented to over to the mortgagee. the public of The Dalles June, 4, i88I, with T. September T, 1895, I bought and assumed the pub- Draper as editor. Stubscquently it fell under the lication of The Thiies-Mountaineer, and during thepast management of C. Y. Draper, and August I, nine years it has been my endeavor to publish a paper i882, it passed into possession of Lang & in the interest of The Dalles and Wasco county. Ilow Marsh. with Al r. Thomnas S. Lang as editor. far such efforts have succeeded only the reader can It rapidly grew in poplllar favor antI assutmed a judge. It has been my aim to give my patrons the worth promninent position in the political and historical of their money, and at the same time to help build affairs of Wasco county. April 23, 1884, the up the community. dailv edition susp'n(lend publication. A\ir. Floed To those who have given the paper a loyal support, was for a period editor of the journal, butt he I desire to say that their support has been appreciated, severed his connection with it and returned to and I thank them for it. And while I am forced to his home in Roseburg. He was succeeded by say good-bye to my readers, I assure them that it Professor NV. S. WVorthiington, and the latter's is with the profoundest regret that this step is neces- successor in the editorial chair was Colonel T. sary. J. A. DOUTHIT. S. Lang. January 23, 1884, the Stun plant was dauaged by fire to the extent of $5oo. January T, And'so passeti out of existence the oldest pa- T887, The Times-jlountaincer said: paper in Eastern Oregon, the paper which, as The ll1ountaincer had been greeting the people of T. S. Lang, Esquire, who has been the soul and Wasco county, daily, semi-weekly or weekly, for brains of the Son since it passed under its present man- over forty years. At the time of its suspension agement, severed his connection with that paper last it was a semi-weekly, six-coltimn folio. The WX-dnesday. As a writer on political econoniy he was editors of this paper had been successively Cap- a forcible advocate of protective tariff, and never missed tain Tordan. WN.H. Newell, Lieutenant Halloran, an opportunity to speak in favor of this doctrine. In his Lieutenant Catley, Henry Miller. George B. articles on stock and agricultural industries he displayed Curry, Colonel Thomas L. Lang. John M1dichell a practical knowledge possessed by few, and in his ad- and J. A. Douthit. Among its correspondents vocacy of internal improvements was on the side of the it had had Joaquin Miller, Mlinnie MyIvrtle Miller, people. The paper did not state on whom the mantle of Al. Aubrev Angelo and other well-known literarv editor would fall, but we presume this will appear in celebrities on the Pacific coast. due time. However, the second paper to be published in \Wasco countv was the one named The Week/vl April i5, i887, articles of incorporation of which was issued a short period in i86o, at The The Dalles Publishing Company were filed Dalles. Comparatively little of its history can with the clerk of Wasco county. The object of be traced. The third paper to liven up tinmes at this incorporation was the publication of The The Dalles, but one of which very little can be Suni. The capital stock was placed at $4,000, di- learnetl, xvwas the Daily\ Journal, published during vid(led into 400 shares, no one persol)l being per- the "boom" mininig times of 1863-4-5. It was a mittedl to subscribe for more than five shares. five-columni folio and Democratic in politics. It The namnes of the incorporators were: is thought that, for a timie at least, its editor was George H. Knaggs. 0. S. Savage. N. H. Hubert Bancroft, the historian. Gates, R. F. Gibons, J. L. Story, J. October 28, 1875, M. H. Abbott issued The 11. Jackson, George Herbert and A. S. Bennett. Dalles Tribunc and continued at the head of the In October of this vear the San was sold to paper until July 7, 1877, when it was (iscontin- certain representatives of the Deumocratic party. ued. and the plant removetl to La Grande. In September, I8go, F. C. Aliddleton assumed It was a six-columni folio, a weeklv, the fourth editorial charge of the Sun. He had been pre- paper in The Dalles, and was democratic in poli- *ceded by Mr. Morgan. Air. T. H. Ward followed tics. Air. AMiddleton as editor, and his valedictory ap- The fifth paper to be published at The Dalles peared Alay 20, T89i. He was succeeded by was the Inland Empire. Its publication was corn- George P. Alorgan. The latter resigned in Sep- 67 U - r -1058 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. teniber of the same year. Meanwhile the paper editors of The Dalles Chronicle have been: J. H. wvas published by Campbell brothers. January Cradlebatugh, Hugh Gourlay, D. C. Ireland, S. 6, 1882, we find that Mr. Morgan had again L. Brooks, F. W. Wilson, J. H. Cradlebaugh, R. lbecome editor and business manager of the pa- J. Gorman, Miss Rose Atichell, Hugh Gourlay, per. In February, of that year Campbell Broth- Miss Rose Michell, John Michell, and, again, ers severed their connection with the Sun as Mliss Rose Alichell, the present editor. publishers. November 5th, we are informed The publication of the Hood River Glacier, a James V. Armsworthv began editing the Sun. seven-columnn weekly, was begun in June, i889, In Miarch, 1893, D. C. Ireland accepted the man- by Judge George T. Prather. The earlier issues agenient of the W asco Sun. The paper, how- w'ere edited by John H. Cradlebaugh, and the ever, never resumed publication after the great paper was printed in the office of the Sun, at flood of 1894. '\r. Ireland was the last editor The Dalles. At its inception it was a five-col- of the paper. umnin journal. In September of that year Mr. The OreC-oni DJeinocratic Journial came into Cradlebaugh secured a printing plant and per- The l1alles journalistic field October 2, 1884, mnalnently established the Glacier at Hood River, with A\l. H. Abbott as editor. It went out of enlarging the paper to a six-column folio. AMr. existence in the latter part of the wear i885. With Cradlebatugh continued in possession of the Gla- Air. Abbott was associated Charles Craig. cier until July, 1894, when the paper was pur- The Trade Jourval with Mr. T. J. Simpson chased by Samuel F. Blythe. A six-column as editor made its appearance April 2, i896. folio with patent outside, continued to meet the lIhis paper, it was claimed, was placed in the demands of the community until August, i899, field for political purposes and was continued when the paper was enlarged to seven-columns. onlv three or four months. In 1902 the Glacier was published by S. F. In March, i889, appeared at The Dalles, Vol- Blythe & Son. 1111n i, Number i, of tlhe Economist, published May I, I904, Arthur D. Moe purchased the by Dr. Wingate, and issued as the organ of the Glacier and changed it to a seven-column quarto, American Progressive League. This was a an home print. In January, i905, he installed monthly. priute(i in The Tuines-Mountaineer of- a simplex type-setting machine, and now has fice, and was in form a four column octavo. It the most complete office and publishes the best was continued about one year. and largest weekly newspaper in Wasco county. In i890 the only paper published in The Dal- Arthur D. Aloe was born in Princeton, Wis- les, a city then of 5,000 inhabitants, was the consin, August 31, i865, and attended the pub- 'daily and semi-weekly Chronicle. Alone it oc- lic schools at Beaver Dam, that state. In t88r *cupied a field in which so many periodicals had he was inducted into the printing business at been born, only to pass away in periods of time Princeton, and continued there until i89i, when ranging from a few weeks to forty-five years. he went to St. Paul, Minnesota, and started the The Chronicle was born December io, i890. It South St. Paul Daily Reporter, which he sold was put on its feet by a stock company and was to Swift & Company in i892. He then went to a result of a municipal fight concerning the Grand Forks, North Dakota, and with W. Alur- water question. J. H. Cradlebaugh was the first phy, of the \linneapolis Tribune, bought the teditor. At the time of its organization the prin- Daily Plaindealer. On May I, 1904, Mr. Moe cipal stockholders of the company were: D. M. purchased the Hood River Glacier and is still French. J. W. French, Robert Mays, B. F. editor and publisher. Laughlin, W. Lord, Max Vogt, Hugh Glenn, The Glacier is exclusively a paper for Hood 1. C' Nicholson. A. S. McAllister, S. L. Brooks. River. It aims chiefly to furnish its patrons with The capital stock was $j,ooo, of which the five a resume of local happenings, served in a style incorporators, D. Al. and J. M. French, Mays, that makes it all wholesome reading matter, and Brooks and MicLauglHlin, subscribed $500 each. with the intention to give outsiders a truthful The initial manager of the paper was B,. F. pen picture of what Hood River offers to the Laughlilln. It opened for business as an evening industrious home seeker. The paper is read by daily. For a period AMr. Cradlebaugh was edi- nearly every one in the valley, and offers an ex- tor, and he was succeeded by Air. Hugh Gour- cellent advertising medium through which to lay. wlho printed his salutatory February 26, reach the attention of Hood River people. - 1891. It appears that D. C. Ireland was editor Under the management of the Blvthes the of the paper for awhile, resigning early in the Glacier was, politically independent. When Mr. -year T893, and accepting the editorial manage- Moe assumed charge it became a Republican 'went of the Wasco Si,,,. Since its event the journal. The Glacier is the only paper ever pub- IIISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. Io59 lished in Hood River, with the exception of the of his interest in the IDispatch to A. J. Douglas, Sun, and which was only for a brief period. and the daily edition was discontinued. Under The Baptist Sentinel was established at The the new ownership Id rs. Edith Douglas became Dalles in 1894 by Reverend Miller, then pastor editor. M\laV 2, i899, Hisler & Temple became of the Baptist church at that place. It was a the publishers and December 22d, the same year, religious journal and was continued until i897, the property was disposed of to Henry Menefee. when it was removed to North Yakima. September I, i9oi, the Dispatch was purchased In the latter part of April, 1894, the Re- by Charles H. Reed, and Febrtary 27, I903, it foraner was first issued at The Dalles and con- was enlarged to a six-column quarto. For some tinued in existence about a vear. This was an time previous four pages had been "patent," and organ of the People's Party, and edited by H. D. this is the form in which it is now issued. March Joey. January 9, i897, The Dalles Chronicle cowI- ist the publishing firm became Reed & Shepherd. mented thus on the demise of another ambitious February 24, 1905, Mr. Reed purchased his organ at The Dalles. partner's interest and is now sole publisher of "The Dispatch is dispatched, turning up its the paper. The Dufur Dispatch is a neat little little toes this morning. There never was room paper, loyal to the town in which it is published for it here; in fact there is not room for the and the town is loyal to the paper. papers already here, and that it was doomed to The only newspaper in southern Wasco an early death every person who knows any- county is the Antelope Herald, published by thing of newspapers 'was well assured. * * * Max Luddemann. It has an extensive field Miller made a hard struggle to keep it going, and is prosperous. It was established July 22, but it was a task neither he nor any one else 1892, by E. 'M. Schutt; a six-column folio. It could accomplish in The Dalles under present was, politically, independent. October 29, I897, conditions." Mr. Schutt disposed of the Herald to M. E. Mil- G. J. Miller the editor, conducted the paper ler and went to Heppner where he started an- about six months. The Dispatch was a daily, other journal. During the summer of i898 Max and Republican in politics. Luddeman took the Herald over from Mr. Miller. The Hood River Sun, a seven-column folio, This was shortly after the fire at Antelope. Sep- weekly, published at first by Sloan P. S. Schutt, tember 29, i899, E. C. Goodwin became asso- rose on the journalistic horizon in i899. Mr. ciated with Mr. Luddemann in the publication Schutt three weeks later sold it to E. R. Bradley. of the Herald, the firn name being Luddemann The paper lingered several months when it was & Goodwin. November I, i900, the partner- discontinued and Mr. Bradley confined his at- ship- was dissolved, Mr. Goodwin retiring. In tention to a job office. the spring of 1905 the Herald was increased in November 28, i89I, the material for a new size to a seven-column folio. H. G. Kibbee pur- paper, the Dufur Dispatch arrived at The Dalles. chased the Antelope Herald of Max Ludde- Mr. Brooks, the prospective editor, removed this mann and is now acting as editor and business plant from Monmouth to Dufur. Shortly af- manager. terward the paper was issued, a seven-column One attempt only has been made to publish folio, and it was filled with interesting local a journal in Antelope in opposition to the Her- news. In his salutatory Editor Brown said: 'It ald. This was the Republican the initial num- will be a country paper, giving its attention ber of which was issued in July, i900, by A. M. mostly to Dufur and vicinity, kindly permitting F. Kircheiner. The Republican suspended in the president and congress to run the United Uctober, 190i. States; Democratic by proclivity, and independent In April, 1900, the plant of the Moro Leader by force of circumstances." was purchased and shipped to Shaniko. Arthur The Dufur Dispatch was continued for Kennedy, of The Dalles took charge of the jour- about a year when it was discontinued. Then nal, William Holder being the owner. The new Dufur was without a paper until the spring of Shaniko Leader made its appearance April IO, i896. At that time H. S. Turner moved a plant i900. The paper suspended publication in 1902, to Dufur, and May 8, i896, he issued the first and the plant was removed to Crook county. number of his paper which he called, also, the This was the only newspaper ev.er published in Dispatch, and headlined the paper Volume 2, Shaniko. No. i, thus making it a continuation of the The latest paper to make its appearance in Brooks publication. It was a six-column folio, Wasco county is the Tvgh Valley Bee, establish- enlarged November 26, I897, to seven columns. ed in April, 1905, by E. 0. Shepherd, formerly In October, i898, Mr. Turner began the publi- one of the proprietors of the Dufur Dispatch. cation of a daily. January 6, i899. he disposed The Bee is a four-column quarto. - 1__----1_ I -.1 . . __ , - r- 1 o6o HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. e SHERMAN COUNTY. county seat at the election one year away. To the paper Aloro promised liberal support. Fol- Four weekly newspapers are being published lowing its removal to Moro C. E. Jones became in Sherman county at the date of writing. They interested with Mr. Hosford in the publication are the Sherman County Obscrver, published at of the Obscrver, but in July, i892, he retired and Moro by D. C. Ireland & Son; the Wasco Niews the paper was in the sole charge of Mr. Hosford. of Wasco, by J. W. Allen; the Grass Valley Jour- In November of that year the latter sold the nel, of Grass AValley, by W. I. Westerfield, and paper that he might devote himself exclusively the Kent Rccorder, at the little village of Kent, by to the practice of his profession as a lawyer. Foor E. H. B'rowns. There is, also, a quarterly, a short period the Observer appears to have been The Occidcotal Mlagazinc and Parishioners in charge of E. M. Shutt, as it is recorded that G(;idc, a Catholic publication edited by he retired June 1, 1892. Rev. Al. J Hickev, and printed at the However, F. M. IBixby assumed editorial office of the Wasco Nczus. Consequently caarge of the paper, succeeding Mr. Hosford in the press history of Sherman county is not very November, i892. December ist Mr. Hosford exten(le(l. although there have been a number wrote: of other papers published within its limits in ad- "I desire to notify the readers and friends of (lition to those mentioned above. While their the Observer that I have leased the paper to Mr. numbers have been small the history of each is F. 'M. Bixby, a competent and enterprising jotir- quite interesting from a journalistic view point nalist, who will donate all his time and talents owing to the many changes in ownership and to the management of said paper. the different places in the county from which J. B. HOSFORD." the same papers have been issued. January I2, 1893. Mr. Bixbv severed his con- Sherman county's first paper was the Wasco nection with the Observer, and the paper was Obser7 cr, established at Wasco November 2, conducted for Mr. Hosford by Mr. Clyde Wil- i888. It is still published as the Sherman County liams. June 7, 1894, appeared the following Observcr, at iloro, the county seat. During the self-explanatory articles in the Obscrver: later '8o's that portion of Wasco county lying be- tween the John Day and Des Chutes rivers, had WVith last week's issue my connection with the Ob- become settled by a population of thrifty stock- server ceased. I have disposed of the paper to Mr. men and farmers, and in i888 the question of D. C. Ireland, who is an excellent journalist, a talented formnlg a new county was one exciting consid- writer and a gentleman who will take pleasure in aiding erable animation. A few small towns and trad- with his pen the development of eastern Oregon and ing points had sprung up and the population of Sherman county. The readers of the Observer may what, a little later, became Sherman county, had rest assured that under Mlr Ireland's management reached about i,400. Yet there was no newspaper the columns of the paper will always he bright and within the proposed boundaries of the new newsy. I shall always feel a warm interest in the wel- cointv, and few are the counties created without fare of the Observer and in Sherman county, where the advantageous assistance of a newspaper pub- I intend to continue in the practice of law. It is, of lished within its borders. This condition led to course, unnecessary, for me to solicit a continuance of the establishment of the Wasco Observer. Its your patronage for my successor, as the Obscrvcr will first issue was dated November 2, i888; pub- furnish in its own columns proof of his merit sufficient lished by C. J. Bright and A. B. McMillan. The to entitle him to the support of all who appreciate a Observezr was, politically independent, at its in- good newspaper. Respectfully yours, ception, but it became staunchly Republican when J. B ;IosFoizi). D. C. Ireland & Sons assumed charge. In April, It may be stated in this connection that no change i889, M\r. Bright, being appointed school sup- in the management of the paper is contemplated. so erinteil(lent of the new county, the plant was far as the political complexion is concerned Mfr. Hos- turned over to Mr. McMillan, who conducted it ford has trimmed the sails of the Observer and shaped until February, T890, when the paper was sold its course to suit us, and we shall 'continue upon the to J. B. Hosford. He continued it until July, lines marked out, producing as nearly a first-class'fam- 1891, when he removed the plant to Moro. The ily paper as our ability and business will justify. It journal then became the Moro Observer. Doubt- shall be our constant endeavor to properly represent less this change was made by Mr. Hosford un- Sherman county at all times, and upon all occasions to der the belief that he would better his condition assist in every laudable undertaking having the up- thereby. Moro was a growing prosperous town, building of the Inland Empire in view, and a complete and was without a paper. Indications at this time development of the wonderful resources of nature sur- pointed strongly to the selection of Moro as the rounding us, and for this purpose a cordial invitation HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. io6i is extended to all men of a progressive and enterprising bor, trouble or expense are spared to secure for the spirit irrespective of political preferences, to make the News the first publication of a piece of news. Observer office frequent visits, to the end that we may become well acquainted with one another. In October, 1897, the News was published Very respectfully yours, by Armsworthy & Brock, who made the paper a D. C. IRELAND. five-column quarto. In i889 the Sherman I County Bank took the paper under a chattel Mr. Ireland then organized the firm of Ire- mortgage. Lucius Clark was the assignee ap- lantl & Sonis, C. L. and F. C., which continued pointed by the bank and, with the assistance of until about i898, when Ireland Brothers had A. H. Kennedy, he edited the paper. February charge of the paper for a short time. In Sep- I5, 1900, N\orman Draper purchased the plant tember, i90i, C. L. Ireland secured a two-thirds and VT. C. Brock was again placed in charge. In interest in the Observer. the spring of i901 the News and People's Re- The term "Inland Empire" was originally ap- piuttic, of 'Moro, were consolidated, V. C. Brock Jlied to regions tributary to the Columbia and continuin- as manager an(l editor until April I, SSnake rivers, by the "O. 'Man," (D. C. Ireland), T902, when A. S. McDonald bought the paper. in the Astoria,,, in his contention for an open He conducted it about two months and then dis- river from Lewiston to the sea. In 1903 MIr. posed of it to Pound & M\lorris, of Arlington. In Ireland had been publishing papers in Oregon the fall of 1903 G. E. Kellogg became the owner, for 40 years, among other ventures having es- conductinog it until the spring of 1904, when it tablishe(l the Astoria,, of Astoria. The Sher- was sold to J. W. Allen and -M. 1'. -Morgan. 1\Tr. man County Obscrvcr is an eight-columtn folio, Morgan retired about six months afterward and all home print, indlependent in politics and all Alr. Allen assumed sole control anti is the present other matters. Since its establishment in i888 owner and publisher of the paper. it has taken a pronlinent part in all matters re- The first edition of the Grant Dispatch was lating to Shermian county, and today is one of issUted Saturday, December iC, 1892. It was the leading papers of Eastern Oregon. D. C. publisheed by W. H. Brooks, and the plant was Ireland is editor and C. I. Ireland, business the same used for one year in the publication manager. of the Duftir Dispatch. It was the third paper Following the removal of the Wasco Obser- pttblisheti in Sherman county. In July, 1893, zer1 to Moro in July, 1891, another plant was publication of the Dispatch was suspended. brought in an(l another paper took its place. The Another journalistic venture, however, was new comer was the Wasco N\ews, published by placed in the town of Grant. This was the Grant J. Al. Cummins, fornerly of the Goldendale Gazette, edited by W. 0. Maxwell, formerly of Courier, anti Dr. 11. E. Beers. This was Sher- Goldentdale. It was inctependent in politics; a manl county's secontl newspaper. In Atiugst, kind of 'boomi' sheet, and the plant was washed I892, Mr. Cummins disposed of his interest in awav in the great flood of '894, May i4 th. the Ncws and removed to Centerville, Washing- The first number of the Grass Valley Jour- ton county, being succeeded by Frank MI. Bixby, nal was thrown to the breeze November 12, who continued with the paper four months. In 1897. Politically the new venture was independ- November of that year the N7ews became the ent Republican. C. E. Brown was editor, and property of lames W. Armsworthy. Of this the paper was owneti by The Journal Publish- gentleman The Dalles Tinecs-ilIo,,,,tai,,eer of ingf Company. It was a seven-columinn folio, January i, i898, said: "patent sides." It is the only journalistic ven- ture ever made in Grass Valley (xwith the ex- The well-known and popular editor of the Wasco ception of the school l)aper), and has been suc- NVewis is one of those jovial, good fellows that it does cessful. In July, i898, we find that the Journal one good to meet His first work was on the old O)b- was issued b1 The Grass Valley Publishing Com- server, and he afterward completed his mechanical pally. The capital stock was $2o000; C. E. Brown, knowledge in Portland. Returning to Wasco in 1892, George W. Bourhill and J. H. Smith were the in November of that year, he bought the plant of the incorporators. andl William Holder, C. W. Wasco XNCes, and by adding a complete job dlepart- iloore anti J. D. Wilcox the principal stock- menlt to it, has today the most complete printing office holders. In 1897 W. I. Westerfield came to in the county. The policy of his paper is of an in- Grass Valley andxwas employed by the publisll- dependent character, and as he wields a facile pen and lug company to edit the JoUrnal. At the ex- is well informed upon state and national affairs, his piration of a year 1ie leased the plant, November paper is sought after by the intelligent class of readers. 18. T898. February 24, 1902, \,r. Westerfield Hle is, also, an indefatigable news gatherer, and no la- purcilased the paper anti has since ably and suc- - _- -OMM io62 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. cessfully conducted it. It is a popular journal organ of the Middle Oregon Academy, at Grass anti fullv covers the field. Valley. It was devoted to educational subjects March 2, i898, the Moro Leader came into and was a worthy publication. existence, issued by the Moro Publishing Corn- The first issue of the Kent Recorder was panv. The raison d'etre for this move was that printed November 4, 1904, by Edward H. some of the businessmen of the county seat were Browns. It is a seven-column folio, having com- dissatisfied with the Observer, or rather, some of |menced as a six-column folio. It was enlarged the principles advocated by it. Lo. H. Hunting after a few issues were printed. The Recorder was editor of the Leader, an eight-column folio, is the latest venture in Sherman county jour- politically Republican. As editor of the paper nalism. Mr. Hunting was succeeded by Mr. Fitzmaurice. GILLIA1I COUNTY. Some time previous to the removal of the Leadcr to Shaniko, William Holder became the editor. The press history of this part of the Inland This removal occurred in April, 1900, when the Empire is, necessarily incomplete owing to the publication of the Shainiko Leader was begun. loss of many of such records as may have ex- This left the Moro field exclusively to the Ob- isted at one time. We must therefore, perforce, server, and the Repitblic: the removal of the lat- give only a skeletonized description of Gilliam ter a short time later left the Observer the only county journalism. journal in Moro. The first that we hear of the Arlington So the Republic was taken away to Wasco Times is in the statement in The Dalles Tintes- in April, i898. It became a seven-column folio, AIountaineer of December i8, i886, that the Ar- was attractive, typographically, and was ably lington Enterprise was no more as it had been edited by Mr. W. J. Peddicord, at that period consolidated with the Inland Timies, and would county school superintendent. Politically it was appear the next day as the Arlington Times. Mr. a People's party organ and their only exponent Orval Tucker was the editor and proprietor of of populism in Eastern Oregon. Its first issue the journal. was dated April 21, 1898. July 21 of the same The first issue of the Arlington Town Talk year we find that i\l r. Peddicord retires from the was printed in February, i889. It was edited by editorial chair. He was succeeded bv F. E. Kel- Harry Hawson and was rather a spicy sheet. logg. The People's Republic was subsequently May 4 th, of that year we find that the paper removed to Moro, making the third paper at the suspended. county seat. Here it was published until Decem- In July, 1894, the Riverside Enterprise was ber, r900. December ist, of that year, The DaT- published at Alkali by M. C. Harris. Typograph- les TiTnes-llountailueer sail: ically the paper was neat and attractive one, and decidledly newsy. V. C. Brock, of Wasco, and F. E. Kellogg, of Aloro, In April, i898, Robinson & Pound began have formed a co-partnership for the publication of the the publication of the Arlington Review, a five two papers-the Wasco News and Moro Republic. Both column folio, which they conducted about a year papers will be printed at Wasco, though the Republic and then disposed of the paper to W. A. Max- will maintain an office at Moro. It is their purpose to well. Politically it professed to stand in the mid- improve both papers so as to make them a necessity dlle of the road, looking neither to the right or to the people of Sherman county. left, but devoting its attention strictly to pur- veying the news. April I4th Mr. Pound dis- These papers were finally consolidated and posed of his interest to his partner who continued publication continued under the name of the to conduct the paper. Wasco News. And this was the last of the Peo- F'rom The Dalles Tihes-31ountaineer we ple's Republic. learn that the Arlington Advocate was first pub- In April, 1902, the plant of the Shaniko lished by Jayne & Shutt, November TI, I890. Leader was moved back to 1\Ioro and the Moro In March, i891, S. P. Shutt purchased the inter- Bulletin was issued by William Holder. It was a est of A. A. Jayne in the Advocate and removed six-columnn folio, politically Republican. Its form the plant to Condon, where it was issued as the was soon changed to a seven-colnumi folio and Condon Globe. It appears that the Arlington it continuc(l that size until its suspension, Nov- Advocate was issued M arch, T899, by R. H. Rob- ember 2TSt of that year. This was the plant that inson who soon after sold the same to C. E. had formerly been in commission at 1Ioro in Hicks. Later in the year tle name was changed the publi-ation of the M~oro Leader, and which to the Arlington Independent. In i901 J. M. was removed to Slbnniko in igoo. lTohns purchasecl th e Independent and consoli- Ti '' w- for nearby a year t' e orice`al (1dtted it \vith the Record. The Independent had I HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. io6S, been a six-column folio. At the time of this Realizing the fact that sooner or later Condon would merger C. E. Hicks was publisher of the IJde- have a newspaper of its own, and knowing equally well pendent. It was a newsy, local paper, but the that no better location for a newspaper exists in Gill- atteml)t to give it a footing in a field already iam county, we have concluded to pitch our tent among covered by the Record was, evidently, a mistake. you. Henceforth the Globe will be your friend. Its The Arlington Record was founded in Jan- columns will be devoted to the general and local news nary, I892, by John A. Brown. With the expi- of the day, which it will endeavor to give you faith- ration of the first year it came into possession of fully and impartially. Editorially it will be independ- J. M. Johns, January 6, 1893. He conducted ent, worshipping at no political shrine in particular, the paper until October 10, 1895, and placed it but honestly striving to promote the general good of on a paying basis. On the date mentioned he dis- Gilliam county and Eastern Oregon. posed of the property to W. A. Maxwell, for- We solicit your patronage and support, confident merly of Grant. Until January i, i0oo, MIr. that you will recognize both the advantage of having Maxwell conducted the Record, when he sold it a newspaper in your midst and the necessity of helping. to the Record Publishing Company and Attor- to maintain it. ney S. A. D. Gurley became editor. July 28, 1900, J. Al. Johns again purchased the plant. In February, i898, the Globe plant passed From a small "patent outside" the Record has into the hands of S. A. Pattison, who during the grown to a seven-column folio, all home print. four years previous had published the Emmett Politically it has always been Republican, but (Idalho) Index. Air. Shutt had conducted the by no means a partisan organ. Globe nearly seven years successfully, finan- The Arlington Appeal made its initial ap- ciallv and otherwise. Editor Pattison announced pearance February 26, 1903. It began in a small his intention of conducting the paper as a non- wav as a four-column, four-page paper, and still partisan, non-sectarian, "local newspaper, and continues the four-column make-up, but has en- as a business proposition." Maorch 31st the pa- larged to ten pages. Since its advent Mr. S. A. per was enlarged from a six to a seven-column Thomas has been editor and proprietor. Its folio to take care of increasing patronage. De- motto was "All Coin Looks Alike to Us." Mr. cemnber I, I904, it was again enlarged to a five- Thomas was formerly editor of the Ortonville, coliumn quarto. ( uinn.) Jonrnal. The salutatory "bow" of the The initial number of the Condon Weekly Appeal was: Times was printed in July, 1900; a seven-col- In establishing a newspaper it has been customary unin folio, edited by William Christie. It was issued by the Condon Publishing Company. in all ages for the editor to make a statement of his Its editor announced intentions and the policy to be pursued by the paper. that the paper would be im- partial in county matters, In establishing the Appeal it is not our intention to but would favor the re- publican adminiistration. run any one out of town or business. It is with us, as In December, I904, AIr. with all other enterprises, a business proposition. We Christie left the Timecs and was succeeded by Edward Curran, feel that the field is large enough to support another who is at present editor and proprietor, having purchased the newspaper, and it will be our earnest endeavor to make plant from the the Appeal a newspaper in every sense of the word In Condon Publishing Company. national and state politics the Appeal will be repub- lican while in county and municipal affairs we shall CROOK COtNTY. support those best qualified to fill the position. but we In the fall of I880 will endeavor to give the news regardless of politics, and John E. Jeffrey began the publication an assure the public that we do not intend to publish a of the Ocboco Pioncer. This was the initial political sheet To those who have placed their adver- journal published in Prineville, the present capital tisements in our columns we shall always feel grateful of Crook county. It was a antI assure them that our efforts shall always be used brisk, lively sheet and continued financially sctl- in their behalf. The columns of the .4ppeal are always cessful for some time whien business depression compelled open for the discussion of any subject that is before its suspension. As described by The the people Dalles Times the Pioneer was a "neatly printed, 7-column1 folio, independent in politics and de- It will be recalled by the reader that S. P. voted to the best interests of Wasco county Shuttt removed the plant of the Arlington Ad- there being no Crook county at that early period. vcatc to Condon. the capital oi Gilliam county In i88i the Prineville ANewus was issued unider and began the publication of the Condon Globe. the management of Dillard & Company. It was This wxvs in Mfarch, 189T. In his salutatorv, independent in politics, with Republican inclin- published M\arch 27th, Mr. Shutt said: ations. With the suspension of the Pioneer Prine- .-.- ,I- , - I_- I --. 1 i II - - - 1.- . - I Io64 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. ville was without a paper for nearly a year, when of William Holder and is now sole proprietor the Newc's was thrown to the breeze. While Hor- of that publication." ace Dillard was the projector of this venture he In October, i896, A. G. Palmer purchased subsequtently formed a partnership with D. W. the plant of the Mitchell M1onitor and removed it Aldridge an(l under their control its p)tblica- to Prineville where it was known as the Crook tion was contintieti for several years. Sattirday, Count\- Journal. Btut in August, 1897, we find Novciemhr II, 1883, the News suffered a loss by that Mir. Hugh Gourlay, of The Dalles, had taken fire of about $1,500, although nearly all the ma- charge of the Journal. July 23, I898, the Prine- terial was saved except the press. The net loss ville Review said of the Journal: was estimated at about $300. in Jtune, 1885, the city of Prineville was Mr. Hugh Gourlay informs us that he has issued made lively bh the appearance of the Ochoco the last number of the Crook County Journal under Review with the names of Barnes & Doutthitt as his management. Mr. H. J. Palmer, one of the Journal, publishers. It was made bright and breezy by was over last week and arrangements were made to the editorial pen of George NV. Barnes. We find turn the paper over to the owners, A C and H. J. that it had been a folio, but in July, 1887, it had Palmer, but as neither one appeared before this week's blossomed into a quarto, just doublinlg its orig- issne appeared no arrangements were made. In justice inal size. In T888 The Revicw was being pub- to Mr. Gourlay we will say that since he has taken lished by J. A. Douthitt. Fromn The I)alles hold of the Journal he has made a first-class paper out Jimcs-illountaio/ecr, of Mlay 6, 1893, we learn of it and it will revert back to the Palmer Brothers that F1. . Willnar-th had published his valedic- in a great deal better shape than when they delivered torv anti retired to be succeeded bv 1). NV. Ald- it over to Mr. Gourlay. ridlge. In AtgutlSt, 1894, the O(choco Rcview and Prineville Nlez,'s were consolidated as one jour- According to the ReviewC of April 6, i901, nal under the name of the Ochoco Review and another change was made in the fortunes of the the inanagemeiit of J. N. WNilliamson, fornmerly Journal: editor of the Xcews. This left Crook countv with The Journal came to hand this week with the name only one nexwspal)er, and with a claime(l popu- of W. T. Fogle as editor and publisher. He promises lation of double that of Gilliain county. In Oc- a great deal for his paper, and time will tell whether tober, i895 the editorial control of this journal he can carry out his intentions. We hope the relation- was handed over by Mr. Williamson to L. N. ship between the Review and the Journal in the future Liggett, a resident of Prineville. August I7, will be of a different nature than it has been in the past. 1897, 'Mr. I lggett said: In the meantime the Review will remain under the same management that it has for over five years and With this issue the Prineville Review enters upon still publish the best county newspaper in Crook county. its fourth year and twenty-two months under the pres- ent management. During this time we have tried to In November, I9ot, Mr. togle sold a half- give the news both general and local. How well we interest in the Crook County Joutrnal to W. H. have succeeded its many readers can testify. In en- Parker, of Albany, Oregon, who had held the tering upon another year we can only reiterate what position of foreman on the Daily Herald of that we have said on former occasions that we will work for city for nine years. Mir. Fogle remained as edi- the interests of Crook county and that the state at large torial writer: Mr. Parker having charge of the and above all things will be non-partisan in politics. mechanical department. In June, 1902, the The Review has the largest circulation of any other Journal was enlarged to a 12-page paper. In paper in the county and, hence, is eagerly sought after Janutary, 1903, the Journal again changed as an advertising medium. It is the official paper for liantls, pajing under the management of W. C. Crook county in which all official notices are punlished. B1lack, and S. MI. Bailey, the forner assuming We take this opportunity to thank its many patrons for editorial charoe. In April, 1903, Mr. Bailey the liberal support they have given this paper in the disposed of his interest in the Journal to W. C. past antI hope to merit the same in the future. Black. In Septeniber of the same year an in- terest was purchased in the paper by D. F. In JUI, 1902, the Prineville Review again Steffa, who became a resident of Prineville. But changed hands. i1 r. L. N. Liggett had edited in Jantiary, 1904, we find that at some previous the journal six years, and now soltl out to Will- period the Journal was under the joint manage- iam Holder, ptblisher of the Slhaniko Leader ment of Steffa & Bailey, for in January of that and I\loro Bulletin. April i6, 1904, the Des \year Messrs. Steffa & Bailey disposed of their Chutes Echmo said: "A. H. Kenelldev formerlv of interest anul XV. C. Black again resumed posses- this place, has purchased the Prineville Review sion. HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. ic,65 Volume i, Number i, of the Bend Bulletin column paper printed from the office of the appeared in March, 1903, with Mlax Ludde- Antelope Herald. This paper was discontinued inann as publisher and Don P. Rea as editor. It in April, i905. was a six-columni quarto with "patent sides." In August of that year J. WM.Lawrence purchased a LAKE COUNTY. half interest in the paper. In Mlay, Mr. Rea with- drew from the editorial management with the Three newspapers are being published in intention of devoting himself to other interest's. Lake county at the present time, the Lake County He was succeeded by J. M. Lawrence, a news- Exantziner, of Lakeview, by C. 0. 1letzker: the paper publisher of ability and experience. Lakeview Herald, by William Wagner; and the In June, 1902, the Des Chutes Echo, pub- Central Oregonlian, of Silver Lake, by W. D. lished at Bend, Crook county, was the latest West. Besides these only three other papers have newspaper venture in the state. The paper was had an existence in the county. edited by A. C. Palmer. It was naively ob- The first paper started in Lake county, and the served by the Grass Valley Journal that "Mr. first in Southern Oregon east of the Cascade Palmner has started his paper a little early in mountains, was the State Line Herald, which order to catch some of those always welcome first greeted its subscribers at Lakeview in De- to the printer, timber notices." cember, 1878. The plant upon which this paper In July, 1903, there occurred a change in the was printed had formerly done duty in the pub- ownership of the Echo. Up to that date H. J. lication of the Bidwell Herald at Fort Bidwell. and A. C. Palmer had judiciously managed the That paper was edited by Fred Smith, one of the journal. On the above date they disposed of soldiers stationed at Fort Bidwell. When the the plant to The Des Chutes Publishing Com- troops were removed to another post the Herald pany, of which George Schlecht was the con- suspended publication. trolling factor. In July, 1903, the building, with After the suspension at Fort Bidwell the plant the entire printing plant of the Echo was de- was moved to Lakeview and relaunched as the stroved by fire. It was impossible to ascertain State Line Herald. It was purchased from W. B. the origination of this blaze. Thenceforth for Aver by C. B. Watson and W. W. Watson, who about a year the Echo was issued from the office were the first publishers. The Herald at the start of the Prineville Reviewc. In July, I904, it sus- was a six-column folio, but was later enlarged to pende(l publication. The Echo was in its third an eight-column paper. Later B. P. Watson, an- year, had enjoyed a good circulation and had other brother, secured an interest and the firm been edited by George Schlecht at Des Chutes name was "The Watson Bros." Of these broth- and, as stated, since the fire printed in the ers, B. P. is dead; C. PB.is an attorney at Ashland, RcTiec-w office. The editor, finding more lucra- Oregon: and W. W. resides in Portland. tive eml)loyment elsewhere, decided to abandon For the first two years of its life the Herald the little paper and turned it over to the ReT'icw was a valuable piece of property. The pioneer managnment. But the latter found it inexpedient paper saw many exciting times in Lakeview, and to employ a writer at Des Chutes and having no it is alleged that shooting at the editor was not an time to look after the paper decided that the uncommon occurrence. However, the paper best thing to be (lone under the circumstances never foiled to come out each week, except once, was to abandon the field to the Bend Bulletin. when the office was over the old Goos breWery, In July, 1904, a six-columin folio, all home when fire destroyed both the brewery and the print, called the Madras Pionecr, was started at Herald office. Madras by the Pioneer Publishing Company. It In the spring of i88i C. B. Watson left Lake- was edited bv Timothy Brownhill. April i, view, and on -March t6 the paper was sold by 1905. the paper was purchased by Max Leudder- C. B. andXW. W. Watson to J. H. Evans, at that mann. It was, then, a six-columun folio, all home time register of the Lakeview land office, the con- print, and conducted for _Mr. Luddemainn by sideration being $700. August i l, of the same S. D. Percival. vear, Mir. Evans sold to R. F. -McConnatighy, and In I904 the Cline Falls Press issued its first lie the same dav to B. P. Watson, the considera- number. It weas a four-column folio and entered tion in each case being $898.70. at the Prineville postoffice. It appears to have During the political campaign of 1882, there been under the editorial supervision of P). F. was a fierce campaigni waged between the State i\longer, and financed by F. T. Hurlburt, a Line Herald, which was a strong Republican banker of Shaniko. organ. and the Lake County lrxainbier, which at The Ashwood Prospector was established that time was as strongly Democratic. The latter March 30, i9oi, by Mlax Luddemann, a five- weln ancl left the Herald without much support, __ W Io66 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON and as the town was too small to properly sup- tity of paper. From the time of the fire until port two papers, arrangements were made to october of the same year the paper was printed leave but one paper in the field. The Examiner on the job press and issued as a three coltumn, purchased the Herald's plant, subscriptiori list, eight and ten-page paper. Then a new plant, in- good will, etc., and Lake Coun1ty's pioneer paper cluding a cylinder power press, was put in and ceased to be. the Examinier became a five-colutmn, eight page Lake county's second newspaper was the Lake paper. County Examiincr, established at Lakeview early John E. MIcGarrv died on November 17, 1902, in i88o. In the fall of I879, Lake county, then and in Mav, 1903, A. Y. Beach bought from the comprising the present Lake and Klamath coun- administrator of the 'McGarry estate the half in- ties, was strongly Democratic, and a number of terest in the paper for $2.ooo. The next change leading Democrats deci(le(d to start a newspaper in proprietorship occurred on March 10, 1904, in opposition to the State Line Herald, a Republi- when C. 0. Metzker, who up to a short time be- can paper, and the only one published in South- fore had been publisher of the Chewaucan Post, eastern Oregon. They organized a stock corn- at Paisley, purchased the Exramiiner from Mr. panv, among the stockholders of which were S. Beach. Mr. Metzker has continued the paper in P. M\oss, M. T. Walters, A. F. Snelling, C. A. the same form and with the same political prin- Cogswell, Bob Redding, William Tullock, T. N. ciples as tinder Mr. Beach. Lofton and George T. Baldwin. They bought a The Examinecr ever since its establishment, plant at Adin, California, paving $2,000 for it, over twenty-five years ago, has been an active fac- and, as it was in the (lead of winter, they had tor in the advancement of Lake county. Today to haul it in on bob-sleds. There was no road it is one of the best known and most reliable broke down the valley, and when the teams bring- papers in Southern Oregon. Its plant is tip-to- ing the plant struck the south end of the lake, date and is one of the most expensive ever put in which was frozen, they took to the ice and slid a town the size of Lakeview. the outfit the entire length of the lake, about It was fifteen years after the establishment of forty-five miles. the Examiner before the next newspaper came The first week in January, i88o, the Lake into existence in Lake county. This was the County E.xamincr was established as a Demo- Lake County Rustler, known since at various cratic paper with Frank Coffin as editor and man- times as the Lakeview Register and the Lakeview ager. It managed to hold its own against the Herald. It was during the fall of I894 that agi- opposition paper, and in 1882 enlarged its plant tation was begun for a second paper in Lakeview. and its field of support by purchasing its rival. The People's party had been gaining strength Shortly after this Bruce Allen bought an interest during the preceding years, and at the presi- in the paper and conducted it until March, I885, dential election of 1892 had carried the county when W. F. Beach came to Lakeview and bought for General Weaver. It was the promised sup- Allen out. Three months after this transfer S. port from the members of this party that in- C. Beach came to Lakeview and bought up a lot duced the establishment of the Rustler. of outstanding stock from C. A. Cogswell. The 'rhe plant of the John Day Livingo- Jssite, publishing firm now became Beach & Beach, and which paper had suspended some few months be- the Examiner took on a look of prosperity. Under fore, was purchased and the Lake County Rustler this management the paper was independent po- came into existence in January or February, litically, but leaned heavily to the Republican T895. Oliver & BC1kcr were the publishers, the party. latter retiring a few month.s afterward, when J. In i890 or 189T F. W. Beach sold his interest C. Oliver became sole publisher. October 15, to S. C. Beach, and a year later William Town- 1898. T. G. Walters leased the plant, changed the send and A. Y. Beach bought S. C. Beach out. In name to the Lakeview Re•,ister, an(i conducted 1892 Mr. Townsend was elected county judge, it as a Democratic orgun. At the expiration of- and shortly afterward A. Y. Beach bought Town- Mr. Walters' lease. October 1, T899, J. C. Oliver send's interest in the paper and ran it independent again took charge of the paper and rechanged the until the campaign of 1896, when it was made a name to the Lake Coutltv Rustler. Republican organ. In January, 1898, J. E. On May 22, t900. the Rustler was entirely McGarry bought a half interest in the Examiner, destroyed by fire. For one or two issues there- and the publishers became Beach & M\cGarrv. after the Rustler was gotten out on the job press On Mav 22, i900, the fire which wiped out of saved from the Examiiiner plant. Then Mr. Oliver existence the business portion of Lakeview, de- took his forms to Alturas, California, where he stroyed the Examibner plant, all that was saved printed the paper, sending the edition to Lake- being a job press, a little type and a small quan- view to be mailed. HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. io67 only the summer of i900 Mr. Oliver inter- from William Holder, and after getting out During headed for Irvine, who furnished a second-hand a few issues at that place, he, too, ested C. B. at Silver printing plant against ®liver's subscription list Silver Lake. The three plants arrived days of each other and their and book accounts, and the Lake County Rustler Lake within a few from its own plant in Lakeview. owners began making preparations for business. was again issued a small town & Irvine published the Rustler until Dec. Three newspapers in such Oliver thing, so Bailey & I, i9oi, when W. J. Aloore took up MIr. Irvine's seemed like overdoing the their plants and half interest. Oliver & Moore continued at the Black and Kelsay %)nsolidated Oregonian, until July I, I902, when Chas. A. Fitch began the publication of the Central helm the purchased Mir. Oliver's interest. Moore & Fitch, which first appeared on March 5, 1903, under In Noverm- in September of the same year, renamed their firm name of Bailev & Kelsav. the Lakeview Herald. Mir. Fitch died on her of the same year the Central Orceonianl journal time the publish- 6, I902, and W. J. Moore then as- absorbed the Bulletin, at which November Publish- sumed full control and published the Herald until ing firm became the Central Oregonian On the latter (late the plant ing Company, L. N. Kelsay editor and manager. September 8, 1904. the was leased by William Wagner, and on Decem- On August 5, i905, W. D. West purchased the publisher. iS, of the same year, that gentleman became Central Oregonian and he is still ber we proprietor. The Herald is Democratic. In the history of the Central Oregonianl the to Silver- The fourth paper to be established in Lake have told of the rush of newspaper men launching of the county and the first one in the county outside of Lake. On the day following the Lakeview, was the Chewaucan Post, whicfh for Central Oregonian,-on Mlarch 6, I 9 03 -the Sil- four years was published in the little town ver Lake Bulletin came forth under the proprie- nearly Liggett The Post was founded on February torship of Holder & Bell and with L. N. of Paisley. the by C. 0. Iletzker, the present editor and as editor and manager. In November of 7, 1901, of the tim- proprietor of the Lake County Examiner. It was same year, after the greater portion been thrown established as a six column folio and it was inde- ber in the vicinity of Silver Lake had pendent in politics. into a forest reserve, and filings thus prohibited, the Central April 9, 1903, the Post was purchased by the Bulletin was consolidated with On taking a William Holder, who, at the time, was interested Oregonian, the owners of the former in several newspapers in Eastern Oregon. Under part ownership in the latter paper. The Bulletin AMr. Holder's administration the Post was a Re- was in existence thirty-eight weeks. publican paper. May 24, 1904, Chas. H. Keith bought the Post and at once changed it to a WHEELER COUNTY. folio, with all of its pages printed at five-column are, home, it having had two "patent" pages before The weekly journals of Wheeler county this change. Mr. Keith continued to publish the as a rule, bright, newsy and up-to-date. Among which paper until in December, I904, when it sus- the first publications was the Fossil Journal pended, and the plant again became the property was published in i886. It was a sheet worthy the of Mr. Mfetzker. The Post during its life was a patronage of the citizens. Sloan P. Shutt was Hen- potent factor in the development of Northern the publisher and it was edited by H. H. Lake county and deserves a large share of credit dricks. The Fossil Journalfirst appeared Friday, for the settling of the country in that vicinity. October I5,i886. backed by a- February, 1903, the looming up of a big In October, 1894, Bruce Smith, In in list of timber notices which had to be published, number of responsible people, placed a journal lying in the vicinity of Silver Lake, the field, at Mitchell. This paper favored a new the lands that several newspaper men to cast longing county seat, and it was the general opinion caused No- glances in that direction. William Holder, who Mitchell ought to support a good newspaper. had formerly published the Shaniko Leader, and vember 30. 1894, the Condon Globe said: new paper, the was at that time publishing the Prineville "The first issue of AIlitchell's associated himself with W. A. Bell, a lIonitor, reached our table last week. 'Rocky Reviecw, re- commissioner at Prineville, and they started Mountain Smith,' the notorious temperance U. S. himself for Silver Lake with a plant. Bailey & Black, former (who tries to drink all the liquor and publishers of the Crook County Journal, pub- in order to discourage others from drinking) there, were lished at Prineville. also gathered tip a printing W. F. Magee, a school teacher over in it started for Silver Lake, at the same partners until the first issue came out and outfit and hit L. N. Kelsay. not knowing of the move- their dissolution notice appears. 'Rocky' has time, and ments on foot for the establishment of a news- the road again and the paper is now owned issue was, of paper at Silver Lake, bought the Shaniko Leader managed by Mr. Magee. The first - ---- .-.- ___ I -- - - ___qVV I Io68 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. course, edited by 'Rocky' and is filled up mainly advancement of Southern Wheeler county. It is a by abuse of neighboring editors, some of them bright, newsy sheet, well filled with interesting local receiving flattering comments. We wish the news and has a good circulation in the surrounding paper success under its new management, bur be- country. The paper suffered somewhat of a mishap lieve it will fall short of its main object-that of during the waterspout of last July in that town, the having a new county cut off-for a number of office and supplies being swept away by the angry wat- years vet, at least until the population and wealth ers and publication was suspended until September ist, justifies it." in order to allow the publishers to replace the lost ap- In1I895 the Mll onitor camne perilously near giv- paratus. It has now appeared again as the local Re- ing up the ghost, but just as it was about to yield publican organ, and with renewed activity on the part up its existence, a Mfitchell attorney, A. C. of the publisher. The paper is well patronized by citi- Palmer, came to the rescue and he became editor zens and merchants of the town and country, both as and publisher. In October, T8q6, it was the opin- a newsy sheet and as an advertising medium. The ion of the Condon Globe that the Mitchell Moni- lion W. P. Gillenwater died on April iith of the pres- for had changed hands nearly every month since ent year, leaving INIr. Helm as sole proprietor of the its establishment, and( had finally pulled tip stakes paper. and moved to Prineville. Thereafter it was known as the Crook County Journial. In October, i901, the first number of the in March, i900, we find the Wheeler County Spray Courier made its appearance. It was a Nc7cws, edited by F. M. Shutt, formerly of Ante- journal creditable to the editor Jesse Shelby, and lope and Heppner. published at Twickenham. It the town in which it was published. In Novem- was a crisp, newsy little paper and became quite her the paper had passed into the hands of an important factor in the interests of the town. David E. Baxter, an able newspaper man who In June, i900, Roy C. Irvine, a bright and owned the lot and building. experienced newspaper man from Independence, Polk county, assumed editorial charge of the KLAMATH COUNTY. Wheeler County Nec's. Mr. Shutt withdrew in a graceful an(d well worded editorial, and the In Klamath county there are two newspapers, plant was turned over to Mr. Irvine. In Novem- the Klamath Falls Ba-press and the Klamath ber, i900. M\r. Irvine sold the paper to J. E. Republican, both published at the county seat. Adamson. In his salutatory the latter said: They are good papers and are doing much to ad- "Where others have quit I have begun anew." In vertise the county in which they are published. April. 1902, the Wheeler Countv News ceased Although the history of the press of Klamath to exist and its plant and subscription list passed county covers a period of over twenty years, there into the hands of James Stewart, of the Fossil have been established in the county only four Joitrna!. newspapers, all at the county seat.' It was over a But the News was not dead: only sleeping. In year after Klamath had been cut off from Lake July, I902, it was awakened and came out as a county before the click of type. was heard in five-colnmn journal with "patent insides." In Klamath land. The pioneer paper was the Kla- (03O J. E. Adamson again resumed charge of the math Weekly Star, which first greeted its readers Mitchell ewcs, having purchased it from James May iO, i884, the plant from which it was issued S. Stewart to whom he had sold it a year having been brought from Etna, Siskiyou county, previous. California, where it had fornmerlv done service for TIn Marfrch, 1Q04, we find the Mitchell Sentinel the Etna Post. The Star was started as a six- in the field, a six-colinmn folio published by the colutmn folio, all home print, and was very much Sentti" el Publishing Compaiox, which in reality devoted to Klamath county and the little town of meanlt Helm & Gillenwater. Mr. Helm finally pur- Linkville. The founders of this pioneer news- clhased the whole interest. In August. 904. the p),per were Jospeh A. Bowdoin and a Mr. Curtis, Scntinhel plant was washed awav by a water- the firm name being Bowdoin & Curtis. These spout. blt ioimediately rep)laced with an entirely gentlemen had been partners in the newspaper new oiltfit. It still remained. politically, uncom- business elsewhere, and while thev started the prollisilnov Reotublican. In November, 1904, the Star as partners. Mr. Bowdoin had sole charge of Pacific Ho inestead said: 4 the Linkville paper anti Mr. Curtis was never in the town. August I, 1885. the partnership was The leading Repuhlican papter of Mlitchell at the dissolved and AMr. Bowd oin became sole pub- present time is The enftinel, whiclh was founded in tile lisher. year ¶204 by Hon W. P. Gillenwater aiid A. Helm, as Every one who was in Klamath county prior a six-column paper to be devoted to the interests and to the establishment of the Star remembers how I ; 21 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. I o69 much people, who could not often come to town, The plant, subscription list and other ac- wished to know of the happenings of the county, counts were purchased by the express. The plant and how warmlyh the few business men talked (lid duty for a short time in the publication of I about having a paper to advertise in, and thus the Independent at Klamath Falls, but in July, keep the business relations with their patrons a i896, it was shipped to Sisson, California, and was used in the publication of a paper at that little closer. Notwithstanding this good will of 'I the people toward the paper, owing to the sparsely point. settled condition of the countv at that time, the On April 28, i892, appeared the first number prospect wlas far from flattering, but the indom- of the Klamath Falls Express, the second publi- itable will power of Air. Bowdoin, coupled with cation to come into existence in the county of ~1. his business abilitv, overcame the difficulties and Klamath. The Star at this time was a strong Re- he conducted the venture to a successful issue. publican organ and the Express was established l Mr. iBowdoin died February 14, I904. in the interests of the Democratic party of Kla- Air. Bowdoin was a Democrat in politics, but mnath county, and it filled the bill admirably. The he conducted the Star as an independent and Express was an eight-column folio with the two strictly neutral paper, although he allowed its inside pages 'patent matter." David B. Worth- columns to be used for the free discussion of all ington was the editor and proprietor, and under political questions. The patronage of the paper his management the paper was a creditable one. increased and on June i, i886, it was enlarged The hard times had its effect on the Express to a seven-column folio. Another change was and on August 23, 1894, the size was reduced, also made on this (late. The name of the publi- being made a seven-column folio. cation was changed from Klamath Weekly Star Air. Worthington sold the paper in the spring to Klamath County Star. of 1895 to Joseph G. Pierce and George J. Farns- In July, i889, J. A. Iowdoin retired from the worth, who assumed charge June 6th. The fall Star, selling to his son, MN. E. Bowdoin. A few of this year was a bad one for the newspaper weeks later, on Septemher 6, i889, the plant was men of Klamath Falls, and, like the proprietor destroved bv fire which wiped out almost the of the Star, the publishers of the Express experi- entire town of Linkville. A new outfit was at enced financial difficulties. December i6th an as- once purchased and publication continued. signment was made, precipitated by an attach- September 5, i89o. Alr. Iowdoin sold an in- ment of the plant under an action brought in the terest in the Star to 1'. J. Connolly, who for a circuit court by J. W. Hamaker on two prom- year previous had been editing the paper. Air. issory notes aggregating $669. On the i 9 th Evan Connolly, who was known as "Peter the Poet," R. Reames, assignee of the dissolvent partner- by the newspaper fraternity, was a gifted writer ship of Farnsworth & Pierce, to6k charge of the and his articles were copied extensively. Under paper and issued a few numbers. On January Bowdoin & Connolly the publication became a 6. i896, the financial tangle having been straight- strong Republican organ and took an active part ened. we find that Air. Pierce became editor and in county politics. During three years the Star proprietor. He subsequently conducted the paper was one of the best country papers ever pub- for nearly seven years. Under his management lished in Oregon and was a credit to the Klamath the journal advocated free silver principles and couintrv. was the organ of the fusion forces of Klamath The firm was dissolved on September if, county. 1894, and Air. Connolly became sole publisher October 27, 1902, the paper was purchased by an(l proprietor. It then became an ardent advo- Roy Hamaker, who presided over its destinies cate of the principles of the People's party, about a year and a half. Under his management which at that time was very strong in Klamath the paper took very little part in politics and was cotnty, and it remained an organ of that party independent. J. Scott Taylor, the present oAvner, until its suspension. AMr. J. K. Haynes became purchased the plant and business in May, 1904, associated with AMr. Connolly in the ptblication the first number under his control being issued on of the paper in January, 1895, the latter, how- the i 9 th. AIr. Taylor made many improvemients ever, retaining the ownership of the plant. Fin- in the Express, among other things making it an ancial troubles overtook the Star in the fall of all home print paper. It is strongly Democratic i89q and in September of that year an attach- and is conducted on up-to-date principles. ment was placed upon the plant. Mr. Connolly Early in February, i896. D. C. Boyd leased a was forced to retire and for a few weeks the part of the Star plant which a short time before paper was issued by AIr. Haynes. On October had been purchased by the Express, and launched 31, the last issue was printed and the Star was no a new paper, the Independent, a seven-column more. folio, at Klamath Falls. Not filling the "long felt I1 . I I _ ; -A - V .--- I - . . __ -I I- - -- r-le-, I -.- I __q9W I I I 070 0HISTORY OF CEN\TRAL OREGON. want," after a life of only a few months, it sus- moderate the increasing demands of its patrons, pended, and the Republican, launched iminedi- and it is one of the "live" papers of Southern ately after the suspension of the Indepencdezt, Oregon. was more successful in filling the want. On January I, 1904, was born the Klamath The Klamath Republicani, established April High School Ncas, a publication devoted to the 23, I896, has had many changes in ownership interests of education, a four-column folio, quar- during its life of less than ten years. As its name terly publication. It was organized and is still suggests it is a Republican paper and has been published by the students of the Klamath County throughout all its many changes in editors and High Schiool, the only publication of its kind in proprietors. The Republicani was established by interior Oregon. From the start the paper met Wf. E. Bowdoin, who had formerly been the pub- with success, and on November I, 1904, it be- lisher of the Star, and was a seven-column folio. came a monthly publication. It is printed in the One year after founding the paper Mr. Bow- office of the Klamath Republican. Following was doin took as a partner Milan A. Loosley, and in the staff at the date of founding: John G. Swan, July, i898, Mr. Loosley became sole publisher. editor-in-chief; John Yaden, assistant editor; June I, i889, Mr. Loosley sold the Republican Agnes Stevenson, exchange editor; Bertha Ham- and for a short time it was published by the Re- mond, society editor; Harry Benson, business publican Publishing Company, Charles J. Rob- manager; Will W. Baldwin, assistant business erts, manager. September 2I, I899, W. Huse & manager. Son, formerly of Ponca, Nebraska, purchased the The staff at present is: Professor John G. business. Additions to the plant and improve- Swan, editor-in-chief; Agnes Stevenson, assis- ments in the paper were made during the own- tant editor; Alexander Martin, local editor; ership of Huse & Son. Georgia B. White, society editor; Maud E. Nail, Wesley 0. Smith the present owner, pur- exchange editor; Will W. Baldwin, business chased the Republican April 30, I903. The paper manager; Austin White, assistant business man- was made all home print early in i905, to accom- ager. CHAPTER 11 kIMINISCENT. INDIAN WARS OF 1854-56. action of the Indians: The Hudson's Bay Com- pany used to trade and traffic a great deal with February 23, i88i, C. W. Denton published them; in fact their trade had grown to such an the following concerning the stirring times of extent that the company established trading posts that epoch in the history of Oregon: at Vancouver, Walla Walla, Boise river, Fort "It was during the occupancy by Major Hal- Hall, Colville and Coeur d'Alene. Mr. Thomas ler, of Fort Dalles, that the first Indian war McKay, the father of Alexander McKay and broke out, some of the incidents of which I will others of the younger McKay boys, was the over- relate! Soon after the greatstreaty made by Gen- seer and had charge in building these posts. By eral Palmer at '4ne Dalles in October, 1854, hos- treaty stipulations between the United States and tilities commenced. The general had with him as Great Britain, these were evacuated, and the interpreters Messrs. McDuffe, John Through, 'King George men,' as the Indians termed them, Alex. McKee and C. W. Denton, the writer. This were removed into British Columbia. This, I treaty included all the important tribes of In- think, was the principal cause of the Indian out- dians in the northwest. The greater portion of break, though, perhaps, other causes of slight these Indians became dissatisfied with the terms importance, such as their right to hunting and of the treaty, or, perhaps, never were satisfied fishing grounds, might have played some part in with the stipulations. At any rate they soon the matter. The dissatisfaction seemed to be ignored its provisions. general throughout all the Indian tribes of the "Your correspondent thus accounts for the northwest. IRr I 090, HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. HANK VAUGHN. hair-lifting experiences with the long-clawed huggers of the forest and many narrow escapes [ I:e lDliecs Times, January 4, I882: _iMr. J. H. from being devoured. Ward, who was in a livery stable across the street However their valor never left them when in at the time of the occurrence, gave us the fol- close quarters with a hungry bear, and when in lowing version: numerous instances wherein guns could not be Vaughnli and Long had quarreled in the morn- used, they whipped out their knives and over- ing ovei a gamne of cards. About four o'clock powered the ferocious animals in a hand to hand in the afternloon they met in Til Glaze's saloon, fight. Wilson was a better marksman than Pe- and Vaughn, apl)roaclling the counter said, "Geli- dro, while the latter surpassed in the ability of tlcineli, I wish you to drink with me as a gentle- an observer, that is to hunt out and locate retreats man.' At this several walked ul) to the counter of big game. They were not only well known an(l anmong the rest Charlie Long. Vaughn went as hunters, but bore high reputations for friend- up to Long, an(l said: "Now, Charlie, if I'm right, ship to the whites, and frequently acted as guides dirink with me like a gentleman, and if I am for the latter, and their services xere particular- wrong commence shooting.'' At this they grab- lv sought often an(l considered valuable by the bed left hands anl emptied their revolvers at soldiers when they were stationed at Fort KMam- each other, Long taking the first shot, which was ath. Neither of the two hunsters took part in the glalncing scalp woulnd NV'atighn received. Both the Mlodoc War, each refusing to break his were intoxicated at the time and the ranging friendly ties with the whites. Wilson was a of the balls at suchl quarters would give evidence Klamath Indian and lived on0 Williamson river. that they move(l aroun(l considerably and fired Peclro was a survivor of the TMolla band and be- im.steadilv. Vaughnli fired five shots and hit Long came blended with the Klamaths by marriage as four times. Long shot four times. Both had a sequel to periodic visits to that tribe in his youth. self-cocking pistols. I)uring the shooting there w(vrc only two men in the room besides the coin- ADVISING THE GOVERNMENT. batailts-one of thein hidden behind a screen, an(l the other (lea(l drtlunk ani(l viiig on the floor be- During the progress of the Mfodoc War the tween two barrels. authorities at Washington received many sugges- After the shooting Vatiglin came out andl tions for the conduct of the war. After the In- told the crowud it was a hard fight, and then clians had been captured the departnients at our walked til) to Graham's saloon, said he was a national capital were fairly leltiged with peti- dea(l man and invited the men to take a drink tions and advice as to the disposal of the Indians with him, after which lie was taken home in a uu(ler sentence of death an(l the rest of the tribe. buggy. Our informant says Long is getting Most of the petitions were for clemency. To alone) nicely, btt lie thinks lie will lose the use those acquainted with the habits of the savages of his left armi, as that shoulder is terribly shat- on what was on their frontier, these petitions tered. Dr. Baldwin has called to see Vaughn were often amtising. 'Most of the prayers for and after probing for the ball came to the con- clemency came from the eastern states and the clusion that it had ranged upwar(l and ho(lge(l knowledge of the subjects written about were in the body btit not in any vital point. le thinks often limited. with care Vautghn may recover. One enthusiast suggested that sulphur smoke be employed to bring the savages out of their PEDRO AND WILSON. '"lava holes." Another thought the proper disposi- tion of the captured 'Modocs wotild be to distrib- itite them among Tn the early davs there lived in the Klamath the farms of Pennsylvania, country two Indialis, Pedro and Hunter Wilson, where they could secure emplovmenlt. Still an- who, in their pallym days. according to a story other thotight they should be taken to a distant told bv Sikes Worden, himself an early day resi- island and that hle, the writer, should be employed dent, far outstripped all others inl the skill of to take care of them. We reproduce two of the hluntinlo and trapping. Among Indians or hunt- letters: ers they never had -ny peers in the country and "New Brunswick, April 17, 1873-This morin- their names are familiar to all the very early set- ing I wrote to Mr. Creswell suggesting that it tlers. They were widely known as crack shots might be of miuch good practice to use any ma- and as adlepts in finding wild game. But with terial that would be most likely to drive the MXlo- all their skill and dlaring in bear hunting, their docs from their fastenings, but as by the morning efforts never restilting in failire, they had many papers Mr. Creswell is not in Washington, per- HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. I09I mit me to suggest that gas-smoke from sulphur, INCIDENT OF THIE MODOC WAR. as the most sure means of forcing the savages out of their lava holes. During the 'Modoc War and the massacre of "Yours respectfully, settlers which accompanied the breaking out of "A. H.VAIILTON. hostilities, some of the incidents are retained in "The Hon. Secretary of the Interior." tie memory of those wo took an active part "Concordville, Delaware County, Pennsyl- during this stirring perod. but who can tell in vania, Ninth month, it, 1873, Esteemed Presi- detail the tragedies enacted when the hostile Mo- dent: I am a member of the Society of Friends, docs swept down upon their unstuspecting vic- for which, however, I (1o not chain) to be a saint, tims? Who can depict the terror which entered but if rightly knowing myiO\own mind, I have a the breast of the settler whenl he heard the savage strong desire for the advancement of truth and warwhoop and knew that his life was demanded ? practical righteousness. The parties of men Who scoured the Tule '"I prestime thou Iast received many letters in lake valley after the massacre hutintiug the bod- relation to the lModocs, and I (1o not visll to be ies of the victims anul seeking to rescue possible in anv vay troublesome. but as I sat in meeting survivors of the massacre, came in contact with this mornincg the subject of those prisoners arose many incidents that did not raise their estimation before my mind, and it seemed to impress me so of the "noble red man." forcibly that I believe it to he right to lay the One case was that of Adam Schillinglow, a the case before thee, hoping that thy judgment Scotchmnan who had settled just south of Tule in the matter (be it what it may) will be for the Lake. in close proximity to the stronghold in the very best. lava beds. After the massacre a party of five 'It appeared to me that the government that soldiers from Captain Jackson's command, under had shown so much advancemnent in Christian the leadership of Ivaln Applegate visited the cab- charity in the treatment of those lateh, in rebel- in of Mr. Schillinglow. The cabin was devastat- lion against it shonld not now be stained with ed and partly btrned . A bloody arrow and the blood of a fexv miserable savages: poor, ig1 blood-stains in the cabin told the story of the norant and deluded, vet withal, men and brothers ?M[odoc's visit. Thie remains of a man supposed in the sight of the Infinite Creator of us all. to have been murdered could not be found and Alnd the proposition came before me which I will the party passed on. state, in a spirit of love, for thy consideration. A little later Ivan, accomnpaliedl bv his brother "It is that these prisoners be sent to some ). C. Applegate. and a small party of friendly Island. or place of security for the rest of their indians, again visited the Schillinglow's cabin. lives, with or without some of the rest of their Now it was daylight and a Mloody trail could be triibe. an(l some one or more be sent with them traced leading away from the house in a north- to have charge over them : that endeavors be used erly direction. It was evident that the Scotch- to enlighliten them in better wav of life, and manl had nllade his escape, though in a badly awaken in their hearts that sense of truth and woutnded condition, and the Applegates decided right which will lead them into a condemnation to follow the trail and if he still lived to rescue of their previous course. the man. The trail of blood was visible for some "Now, thlou1gh I have a good home, an(l stir- distance and the party spread out to make the roundleld with a family whom I love, and have search more thorough. The dea(l body of -Mr. no desire for preferment in political affairs, vet Schillinglow was at last found. The searllching should there be no one more suitable, nor will- party came near being cut off and massacred by ing to undertake the task, my name is at thv Indians, but the succeeded in escaping. command for, as undesirable as is the undertak- The details of the attack on the Scotchman ing, I would much rather do it than to see the were learned after the war was over an(l the Mo- Christian name and power of this beloved nation does were taken into custody. The In(lians had lowered in the sight of God and man. stealthily approached the cabin at night and a "V'ery truly., few made their way to the roof. An opening "LExyIs PALMTER. was made in the roof without awakening the "U. S. Grant. sleeper within. WVhen an opening sufficient for "Ninemonth, 24, 1873. their purpose had been made the Indians began ,P. S., Since writing the above I have de- tapping on the roof, which of course aroused the' ferred sending it, hoping it would not be re- sleeper. Hle arose, lighted a lamp and, the tap- quired, but I now seem to feel it right to send it. ping contintiino$. looked up to see What caused I "L. P." the noise. Then came an arrow through the --- I I 1092 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. hole which struck Mr. Schillinglow in the throat and Rifle' company which rendered efficient service and ranged downward. in guarding the train through the Snake country, but The wounded man pulled the arrow from his more in opening the way through the black pine forests throat, diashed it upon the grotund in front of about the upper Des Chutes. Corral springs and Klam- the cabin and made a dash for his horse, which athimarsh, during a snowy November when some nights was in a stone corral back of the cabin. Almost all the animals, including sixty or eighty head of wild miracuilously, it -wouldl seen, he stucceedeed in steers had to be tied to the pines to prevent their in- mounting his horse and mnaking his escape. start- ,tinctive flight from the regions of snow. Dave Hill, ing for the settlement in the north. Oine can who was, I believe a second lieutenant, Allen David A only imagine the terrors of that ride. Wounded being first, was throughout the campaign tireless in to death lhe continued on until from loss of blood, his vigliance and activity, and the success of the expe- be fell to rise no more. dition was due much to his activity and skill. In 1869 in company with Superintendent A. B. DAVE HILL, THE KLANTATII SCOUT. Meacham and Ivan Applegate, Dave was present at the treaty made with the Piute chiefs, How-lock, E-e-gan Dave Hill, the well known Klamath chief and and O-che-ho, at Camp Harney, and assisted in estab- scotut, the white man's friend and an acknowledg- lishing O-che-ho's band at Yainax on the Klamath res- ed leader of his people in civilization, was about ervation. Later the same autumn he took an active forty-six years old when assassinated near Link- part in the removal of Captain Jack's hand of M\odocs ville. The followng account ol his death was from Tule lake and in their establishment at Modoc published in the Ashland Tidbirlhs in April, 1892. point on Klamath lake. On the breaking out of the by MAr. 0. C. Applegate: Modoc War Dave Hill was the first loyal at the front. On the night preceding the outbreak, with the writer His father, Skidart, was the chief of the old village and Charlie Monroe, he lay in wait for Modoc scouts of Ouxy, on the Klamath marsh, when Fremont reached at the lone pine on Lost river; at daylight he was in there on his exploring exposition. Wa-wa-laix. as the Modoc encampment, near the Crawley house on Dave was known in youth, was a worthy son of sul- the north side of the river encouraging those sullen perior parents. He acquired great skill in athletic people to lay down their arms and consent to go sports, as horsemanship and the chase. and while peaceably to Yainax, and when the firing began we had I yet quite young gained credit as a scout and warrior no manl more fearless or intrepid on the field that day. in the days of almost ceaseless conflict among the In- Seeing the Modocs, who considerably outnumbered dians, prior to the Klamath and M~odoc treaty of Oc- our force, on the north side of the river, getting their tober T4, T864. horses and escaping to the hills, the writer and four In i866 he distinguished himself as a scout in the men, including Dave Hill, started to intercept them, Snake war in connection with the Oregon volunteers when a wounded sergeant from Captain Jackson's com- under command of the lamented Lieutenant John F mand, which was engaged with Captain Jack on the Small. The Klamath scouts took an active part in opposite side of the river, galloped within hearing of an attack on the Snakes at Lake Albert, Dave killed us with a request from Jackson to assist in getting his the chief, Chac-chach-chuck, and did more, perhaps. dead and wounded across Lost river.- Nearly a third than any other man toward the filial discomfiture of of his command-ten men out of 35-were already his band. Late in the fall of i867 Hon. J. W. Perit either dead or wounded and they were placed on the Huntington, superintendent of Indian affairs in Ore- river bank, under a strong guard, a quarter of a mile gon, undertook with a bauid of beef cattle and a large above us, awaiting assistance. There were no boats wagon train laden with supplies and annuity goods for on Jackson's side. We first detailed Dave Hill and Klamath agency, to traverse the country from The Dal- Dan Colwell to take a canoe and row up the river, but les to Klamath, along the eastern side of the, Cascade this proved of no avail on account of a heavy wind. chain. This was a hazardous undertaking at that sea- Then Dave sprang onto the horse behind the writer, son, as there was a hundred miles of almost unbroken with his Winchester before him, and we were soon at forest to encounter, and deep snows were liable to a point opposite Jackson where we had the good luck occur in October and November in the high lands about to find a canoe which we used in conveying the dead, the source of the Des Chutes. wounded and a guard across the river. The Snakes were yet at war, and the contemplated It is impossible in a brief sketch of this character to route lay through Chief Paulina's realm. Agent Lind- detail all the thrilling events in which Dave Hill took say Applegate received orders to meet the superintend- an active part in the tragic drama of the Modoc war. ent and immediately set out to comply, accompanied Suffice it to say that during the interim. while Captain by an escort of six regulars and the writer's hastily Jackson's command, disabled by the first fight, was- organized company of Klamaths. This was a unique unable to protect the settlements, and no other troops, and interesting organization. It was the famous "Axe either state or national were in reach, a few citizens, HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. I 093 a small detachment of Indians from Yainax and 36 walls, he made a speech in old Independence Hall, Klamaths under Chief Blowe and Dave Hill, held the Philadelphia, a stirring appeal for Indian civilization Modocs at bay, protected the persons and property of and eventual citizenship-which was greatly appre- settlers and gathered up the stricken victims of Modoc ciated. treachery from the sage plains of Tule lake, where they In New York and Brooklyn considerable interest fell in the massacre of November 29, 1872. After the was awakened, and finally Peter Cooper tendered the arrival of troops Dave was given a command of a de- use of Cooper Union for a grand mass meeting in the tachment of 20 Klamath scouts, attached to the regular interest of these people, to be addressed by our com- cavalry, and operated with Colonel Bernard, on the pany. So far the company had not been a financial east side of the lava beds, during and subsequent to success, and the Boston Bank, in which Major Ray- the investment of the stronghold, and rendered active mond's capital was deposited had failed, but a success- and efficient service. The writer's comparfr, which in- ful issue of the Cooper Union meeting Would, prob- cluded 27 Indian scouts, was with General Wheaton, on ably, give us such recognition as would likely open the the west. way for final success. The writer was taken sick at In I874 a company vwas organized in Boston, hav- the St. Charles hotel and on1 the very day the meeting ing in view the presentation upon the American stage was to occur at Cooper's Institute, Dave Hill myster- *of scenes representing Indian and frontier life; the iously disappeared, having, evidently been kidnaped in conflict between settlers and Indians, and the eventual the hope of a reward, as he was regarded as indispens- reign of peace between the races and the final acceptance able to the company. of the Indian as a civilized man. The conception was The police were notified the same evening; de- a unique and original one and it was hoped the enter- tectn-es were employed and everything was done that prise would pay its way, and perhaps more, while seemed possible to discover his whereabouts, but with- awakening new interest in the cause of the Indian out avail. Two or three weeks were spent in the search. throughout the country. As far as possible the actors The Indians were disheartened. The organization was were to be characters who had participated in such reluctantly abandoned. The Modocs were sent without scenes on the border as it was the intention to present. escort to the Indian Territory, and the writer, with James Ridpath, the well-known author and hu- George Harney, the Rogue River chief, and family, manitarian, was to be the manager; Major C. B. Ray- and the disconsolate Tecumseh, returned to Oregon. mond, treasurer; Colonel A. B. Meacher, lecturer. and Two months and a half later, Dave Hill, footsore the writer was engaged to take charge of the Indians; and travel worn, arrived among his people who rejoiced to attend to the dramatic part of the program, and to as one risen from the dead, and narrated the story of translate the speeches of the Indians. his strange experience. Of how two men representing Mr. Meachman selected Frank Toby (Winemar) themselves to he Chri-tians and his friends, enticed and Jeff Riddle from the Klamath country; George him away from the hotel; full of information about Harney, wife and child from Siletz agency, and Scar his people and his own career; they told him he had Faced Charley, Steamboat Frank and Shacknasty Jim been accused of treachery in the lava beds, secretly tried from the Indian Territory. The writer selected Dave and a scaffold erected for his execution. While insist- Hill and his faithful friend, Tecumseh, from the ing upon the truth of this bewildering story, they had Klamath reservation. The company met Mr. Ridpath taken him into a covered vehicle and had driven about at St. Joseph, Missouri, and began its career at the city until night was at hand and he had entirely lost that point as 'Ridpath's Modoc Lecture Company.' his bearings. They kept him constantly under guard It subsequently appeared at Jefferson City. St Louis, in a cellar for several days. Then one night they took Terre Haute, Louisville, Covingtou, Washingtou, him on to a train and to a small town in the country, Philadelphia, Morristown, Reading. Camden, Tren- where he was concealed for some time, when he was ton, Elizabeth, Jersey City, Newark and repeatedly returned to the same cellar in the city. This was, in New York City. In Washington the company probably. during the time that negotiations for a reward was delayed for some time on account of the ill- vere going on. ness of Harney's wife. During that time, however, we Finally, no doubt fearing detection, one of his appeared several times at the National Theatre, called goardians escorted him to the train at night, accom- on President Grant at the White House; visited the panied him as far as Cincinnati, gave him $40 in money capital and other places of interest and interviewed the and gave him Godspeed for his journey homeward. Commission of Indian Affairs in regard to the wel- In the overthrow of the hereditary chieftainship of fare of the Klamath agency. the Klamathls. in i868, by the reduction of La Lakes Dave was a natural orator, made a fine appearance aind the elevation of Allen David according to demo- on the stage and became very popular. Some of his cratic principle;. in the emancipation of Pit river slaves speeches were models of their kind. Surrounded by held by the Klamaths: in the opening of the Modoc mementoes of American liberty and with the portraits I'oint road in 1870; in the settlement of prospective 'of the fathers of the republic looking down from the trut-ble with the Snakes in i873; in the liberation of the I9 .1 I I ._ 1 --- I0o94 HISTORY OF CENTRAL OREGON. people from the domination of unprincipled medicine the great beyond, and of the 26 chiefs who signed the men; in the prompt execution of the few murderers great treaty of 1864 with the tribes of southeastern known to the Klamath agency, history since the treaty Oregon, only Allen David and Lelu and Charley Pres- of i864; in the improvement of morals, opening of ton, the official interpreter, now old and feeble, remain. schools and farms; in the settlements of disputes and in the efficient work of the police force, Dave exer- STORIES OF TIHE RANGE. cised great influence. Brave, honest, enthusiastic, he was the champion of Pattl DeLaney, whio has written man- inter- the white man's civilization among his people, and his esting things, fictitious and historical, of the influence was of inestimable value in maintaining peace- Southern Oregon countra, has penned the fol- able relations between the whites and Indians. Few lowing relative to some of the landmarks of Lake people in tile Klamath basin realized how much grati- county: - tude was due to Dave Hill ; for the pioneer settle- Interior Oregon, that is, the isolatedt por- ments knew no defender more ready, fearless and sin- tion, contains mana- interesting lantlmarks that are cere. 'The writer who saw him tried on many occasions familiar to the stockman of that section, and wh-bich of peril, knew well the worth of this man, and hoped will later be regardeul as a part of the most in- he would live to realize the gratitude that was hl, dTlte teresting history7 of that wvon(lerfttl country. for the honorable part he perfornied in the struggleI These landmarks are far apart, and in traveliurg of the earl- days, but a cruel fate decreed otherwise throug-h the country one alw-avs finds it nieces- sary to cover the distance between two of them CHITEF IIENRY P.LOWE. every day. The- are usuallya watering places, antd it takes a har(l dav's travel from one to another In ilav, TagOO., W. W. Nickerson wrote is in ilost cases and in some cases it requires travel follows concerning Chief Henry Blowe, one of deep into the night. They stand out in the great the best know-n Ilianis who helped make historv Oregon 'desert' like the heacon lights and gtid- in the Klanath country: ing points to the mariner at sea. The stockman or traveler who does not know the landmarks At his. hoime on \Williamison river, on the Klaniatli of the Oregon range is in as much danger as the reservation, (lied ex-chief Henry Blowe, on the morn- pilot at sea wsho is ignorant of the charts antd ing of May 17. i904 It is only just that the record of maps of the country lie is in. this noted maoi ho l1(1 be muention eti thlrough tile pu])- "One of the most interesting of these is Ram's lic 0o1nitals, I thiiiklo for no man took a nice Iori- Peak or kag-ontire Aloutitain. It is marked on orable part as a leader of his people during the darkest the maps as Ram's Peak, but few stockmen know dax-s in the hi-tory of the early settlement of the Kla- it by that name. The- all speak of it as WN7agon- matIh country, and as a fast and forceful friend of our tire, and this name carries with it a great deal governucii. HTMewas one of the signers of the gtreat of specutlation on the part of those who hear the treaty of October T4, i864. was a scout with the UTnited stor-, and the storv is a romatitic one, too. This States troops duirinig the Paiute war; was w itli 1ilt mountain is situateul near the Harnev and Lake as his associate at the head of a detachment of IKa- county line. It is supposed to be geographically math Indian's, ,36 strong, as a guard to the settlements in the center of the desert. A large creek flow s immediately followimn the outbreak of T872 until the from its foothills and a ntumber of springs e(-il arrival of troops sufficient to make the coUintrxv prac- oat from its base. tically safe III x869 lie was chosen second chief iuniioig It is thirty to fifty miles from this point in ana- the reservation truies, and suibseciticntly. on the retire- direction to other water. The water from the ment of Higlh Chief, Allen David, became his tuc- creek and springs flows out into the plains andI cessor. is dlrtunk up byh the dry sands. But along- their lII the organization of the niotunted police force lie channel and for nanxv acres distant the moisture became its captain and was for anlaiv years a iiost causes vegetation to spring forth like a well cul- efficient factor in the work of thus executive arii of the tiVated garden and all wild vegetation alxvavs agcicv administration. In all of Ins official wvork, either grew here, an(d now a few hardy ranchers have as a chief in his truie, as a jutdge of the court of lnidiani settled at the place and have fine meadows, and offenses; as a policeman, or in whatever capacits lie some are beginnings to raise vegetables and fruits. was called upon to serve, lie wa> a safe aitld cotiserva- Rant's Peak was formerly a great game coutntrv, tive, though forceful leader of his peolile, as well as and also a Great rendezvous for the Indians. an unswerving friend to the government and a itrouig, Wheui the latter were hard pressed by the early right arm of the agency authority. * * * day Indian fighters they would hie themselves At the time of Blowe's d(eath lie wit>- 'twt 7H across the desert 2nd( tyke refuge in the foothills '---. of a'- " Al 11Is c itr'd iti' Pits-c pi ' Ii'-('(-( 1'-il 'wlhero a-lc - nd stater und grass were plentifud.