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Southern California Recreational and Commercial Marine Fisheries

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Southern California Recreational and Commercial Marine Fisheries MFR PAPER 1173 tions regarding the course of future ex- ploitation of southern California fish resources except for the determination of approximate limits of sustainable yields and lower limits on age at first capture (Table 1). However, where resources are or appear to be exploited beyond Southern California Recreational maximum sustainable yield, reduction of catch and/or effort is strongly rec- and Commercial Marine Fisheries ommended. The two California pelagic wetfish stocks showing very large standing biomasses, northern anchovy and jack ALEC D. MacCALL. GARY D. STAUFFER, and JEAN-PAUL TROADEC mackerel, presently appear to be lightly exploited. Maximum sustainable yields of anchovy appear to be 10-20 times the present annual catch level of 130,000 OVERVIEW market boats which use such gear as tons, and jack mackerel should be able longlines and gill nets and supply the to sustain catches 4-8 times larger than Southern California marine recre- fresh and frozen fish market. Included the recent annual catch level of 55,000 ational and commercial fisheries exploit in this report are discussions on the tons. The “older” wetfish stocks- a large number of coastal fish species. flexibility and trends in target species of Pacific sardine and Pacific mackerel An initial analysis of the current status of the partyboat and purse seine fisheries, -are extremely depleted and show the more important stocks was under- and analyses of anchovy fishery inter- little likelihood of recovering to pre- taken in 1974. The results for northern actions and trophic relationships. vious levels of abundance in the near anchovy, Engraulis mordax, California The tone of this investigation has future, even under the present fishing barracuda, Sphyraena argentea, been that of expedient fishery analysis, moratoria. Mexico is making large Pacific bonito, Sarda chiliensis, jack in which detail is sacrificed for speed, catches of these species: however, it is mackerel, Trachurus symmetricus, difficult to determine the proportion of white seabass, Cynoscion nobilis, and achieving maximum cost-effectiveness, and identifying areas where further in- catches coming from northern stocks rel- yellowtail, Seriola dorsalis, are docu- ative to those coming from the southern mented in this report. Brief status re- vestigation is needed and is likely to be fruitful. Originally this work was rec- stocks, or the Gulf of California. ports for Pacific mackerel, Scomber ommended at the State-Federal Ma- The larger sport fish stocks are in var- japonicus, and Pacific sardine, ious states of exploitation. The Sardinops caeruleus , are included. rine Fisheries Research Program Plan- ning Workshop held 12-15 March 1973 yellowtail resource appears to be lightly These stocks are shared by various exploited, and has shown an apparent fleets fishing along the coast of southern in San Clemente, Calif. (proceedings compiled by Squire, 1973). increase in availability to sport California and the Pacific coast of fishermen since the cessation of large- Baja California. The U.S. partyboat This work should provide significant information for the formulation of posi- scale commercial fishing in 1954. The fishery, in which fishermen rent space increase in availability may be due, in aboard a boat for a day or half day, has tions and plans for regulatory agencies managing these resources. We have at- part, to more favorable ocean tempera- been popular in southern California tures. Maximum sustainable yield since the 1920’s (Young, 1969). In the tempted to avoid making recommenda- (MSY) appears to be 3-6 thousand tons last decade this fishery has caught about annually, with recent sport catches 4 million fish annually there. Fishing ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 thousand tons. from private boats, shorelines, piers, Alec D. MacCall is a member of the As the sport catch appears to take a staff of the California Department and jetties is also very popular but large fraction of the northward summer statistics have not been routinely col- of Fish and Game; Gary D. Stauf- fer, Southwest Fisheries Center, migration, it is unlikely that catches lected (Pinkas, Thomas, and Hanson, National Marine Fisheries Service, from California waters can be 1967 and Pinkas, Oliphant, and NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92038; Jean- significantly increased. Haugen, I%@. A small round haul fleet Paul Troadec, United Nations White appear to be somewhat Food and Agriculture Organiza- seabass supplies bait dealers with live anchovies depleted. Data from the commercial for fishermen on partyboats and private tion. This study was conducted in cooperation between the Califor- fleet operating in both Californian and boats to use as bait and chum. nia Department of Fish and Game Mexican waters indicate the species The U.S. commercial fishery has two and the U. S. Department of Com- may be harvested at near maximum merce, National Oceanic and At- major components: a small purse seine substainable levels. Catch per unit ef- fleet, which was once active in the sar- mospheric Administration, Na- tional Marine Fisheries Service, fort of white seabass from partyboats dine fishery and now harvests an- under contract 034-208-160. The has declined over the last 2 decades, chovies, jack mackerel, bonito, and authorship is arranged alphabeti- creating some uncertainty as to the true tuna (Penin and Noetzel, 1970) and cally. status of the stock. The white seabass I Est,mated mean annual Catch Present malor fishery segments 1W Short tons 1% 1970172 total catch) POtentlal yoeld Geogmphical 1940- 1950- 1960- 1970- US-based US Mexican 103 state Of Stock ranw 1949 1959 1969 1973 sport Comm SportlComm Shorttons exploitation Remarks Northern Southern Call- 3 18 30 129 5 55 40 1 500-2,OW Very lightly Allocat,on requirements anchovy tornla, northem (bat) BXplolled may reduce rates of Bale California BXplDlIaflOn Pacihc California. N. 428 91 to 3 some large '300-5W Depleted Rehabilitation unlikely sardine Bala Calllornls (bait) In near f"t"re PaCihC Central Call- 30 M 16 1 33 34 330-50 Depleted RehabMlat4On unlikely mackerel forma to centra1 I" near tuture Bals Callfornla Jack west coast Of 34 38 39 24 01 11 210-450 Probably Size of local stock IS mackerel North America lightly indeterminate but large exploited Calltornla Southern Cali- 21 19 12 05 48 48 41-2 Depleted Rehabilitation po5SibIe barracuda fornla to centra1 I" near future BBja Cailfomia Ysllowtall Southern Cali- 31 32 12 15 67 M 456 Lightly Migration into Calif fornia and Bale exploited 8s heavily exploited CalifOmla Paclflc California and 27 14 76 118 11 87 2 10-m Probably mod- BlOmaSS and pDlenlla! bonito maCallfornla erately to highly fluctuating With highly ex- recruitment California PlOlIed residency may be a temporary event California and 05 10 06 05 8 76 17 08 Moderstelyi Indices of BBla Callfornla highly ex- abundance conllict ploited 'At the 1970-1973 population level 'If rehabilitated IOthe pre-1944 pcppulation level $11 rehabilitated IOthe pr-1950 pop~lationlevel The California yield IS influenced by ocean temperature population may be overestimated by fishing has increased to unprecedented for stock assessment. If a series of an- commercial fishery data and under- levels in the past few years. Sport avail- nual squid abundance estimates be- estimated by partyboat data-a ability is an indicator of recruitment and comes available (such as by aerial sur- phenomenon that currently is being ex- is highly correlated with abundance of vey), assessment by methods similar to amined. We have investigated some of commercially exploitable fish 3 years those used for bonito should be possi- the potential results of various future hence. A crude production model indi- ble. developments in the sport and commer- cates that bonito are presently being Studies of interactions were brief. cial fisheries which may be of use in harvested at or above MSY (although due to the extreme complexity of the management decision-making. the assessment is confounded by the subject. The northern anchovy fishery The status of the California harra- possibility of a density-independent de- has a large number of interacting ele- cuda stock is difficult to assess with re- cline in recruitment). The 1973 catch ments, and regulation is poorly coordi- spect to a definite level of MSY, but appears to be considerably in excess of nated. The southern California live bait appears to be at a low level. Length equilibrium yield. However, since fishery is a very important user of an- frequency indicates a preponderance of Pacific bonito fishing success is chovies, and has occasionally reported very young fish in recent partyboat influenced by ocean temperatures, con- poor bait availability, allegedly due to catches and it is possible that the previ- clusions drawn from the crude produc- commercial fishing. Our results indicate ous allowance of fish shorter than 28 tion model must be accepted with cau- that the availability of anchovies to the inches in bag limits has contributed to tion. live bait fleet has increased considera- depleted spawning stock and conse- While it would be desirable to assess bly over the long term, and that while quently reduced recruitment. Mainte- the stocks of other species, such as there may be a slight reduction in rela- nance of the present strict observance Pacific hake. saury, squid, and the tive availability in the winter reduction of 28-inch minimum length is a rational rockfish group, the limited amount of season, the difference is very small and course of action. There appears to be data available for the southern Califor- even of questionable existence. The sufficient stock remaining to engender nia Bight prevents such undertakings. Santa Barbara bait fleet appears to be optimism regarding rehabilitation of the Rocldish appear to be abundant in anomalous in many respects, and may resource in the next decade, given southern California waters and are be- be in real difficulty, although it is favorable environmental conditions.
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