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Anfibios, Reptiles Y Peces Del Parque Nacional Cajas

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ANFIBIOS, REPTILES Y PECES DEL PARQUE NACIONAL CAJAS CUENCA - ECUADOR - SUDAMÉRICA 1 ANFIBIOS, REPTILES Y PECES DEL PARQUE NACIONAL CAJAS ANFIBIOS, REPTILES Y PECES DEL PARQUE NACIONAL CAJAS INDICE / INDEX Agradecimientos / Acknowledgements 4 Introducción / Introduction 6 ¿Qué debo saber antes de visitar el Parque Nacional Cajas? / 8 Dr. Paúl Granda López What should I know before visiting Cajas National Park? Alcalde de Cuenca ¿Como usar esta guía? / How to use this guide? 13 Econ. Oswaldo Larriva Alvarado Gerente General de ETAPA EP Recomendaciones para la observación y conservación de peces, 16 anfibios y reptiles Dr. Alfredo Martínez Jerves / Director Ejecutivo Parque Nacional Cajas Tips for the observation and conservation of fish, amphibians, and reptiles Agradecimientos Especiales / Special Thanks Blgo. Francisco Sánchez Karste / Blgo. Fausto Siavichay Pesántez Cladograma / Cladogram 26 Dr. Ramiro Barriga / Blgo. Andrés Martínez Sojos / Blgo. Danilo Minga Dr. Luis A. Coloma Roman / Blgo. Miguel Carbone / Dr. Morley Read Descripción de los Anfibios, Reptiles y Peces del Parque Nacional Cajas 27 Dr. Omar Torres Carvajal /Gabriela Maldonado Sandra Carmona / Alejandro Arteaga / y el Bosque Protector de Mazán Gabriel Sánchez / Gabriela Álvarez Proyecto Balsa de los Sapos / Museo de Zoología / Description of the Amphibians, Reptiles, and Fish of Cajas National Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador. Park and the Mazan Protected Forest 27 Autores / Authors Anfibios / Amphibians Ernesto Arbeláez Ortiz Amanda Vega Toral Reptiles / Reptiles 100 Revisión Técnica / Technical Review Peces / Fish 120 Dr. Luis A. Coloma Roman Blgo. José Cáceres - Programa de Biodiversidad Parque Nacional Cajas Amenazas / Major Threats 134 Fotografías / Photos Conservación / Conservation 137 Alejandro Arteaga Navarro / Amanda Vega Toral / Andreas Broman /Andrés Martínez Sojos / Danilo Minga / Erick Tveskov /Ernesto Arbeláez Ortiz / José F. Cáceres Datos Curiosos sobre peces, anfibios y reptiles / 139 Francisco Sánchez Karste /Juan Pablo Martínez Moscoso / Luis A. Coloma Roman / Interesting Facts about fish, amphibians, and reptiles Máximo Lorenzoni / Morley Read Registros de observación / Records of observation 144 Coordinación / Coordination Juan C. Quezada L. - Programa de Uso Público Parque Nacional Cajas Lista de Especies Endémicas y/o Amenazadas / 147 List of Endemic and/or Threatened Species Diseño y Diagramación / Graphic Design LOGO área creativa Índice de Nombres Científicos/ Index of Scientific Names 149 Reedición 2012 Índice de Nombres Comunes / Index of Common Names 150 Caja Gráfica Glosario / Glossary 151 Traducciones / Translations Amanda Vega Toral / Ernesto Arbeláez Ortiz / Miguel Carbone Referencias útiles / Useful references 155 Impresión / Printer Hoja de datos / Data Sheet 156 Vista Satelital del Parque Nacional Cajas y la Ciudad de Cuenca 160 Satellite Image of Cajas National Park and the City of Cuenca 2 www.etapa.net.ec CUENCA - ECUADOR - SUDAMÉRICA 3 ANFIBIOS, REPTILES Y PECES DEL PARQUE NACIONAL CAJAS ANFIBIOS, REPTILES Y PECES DEL PARQUE NACIONAL CAJAS AGRADECIMIENTOS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Agradecemos a la Empresa Many thanks are due to the county Municipal de Telecomunicaciones, office of Telecommunications, Agua potable, Alcantarillado y Water supply, Sewer systems and Saneamiento ETAPA de la ciudad Environmental issues (ETAPA) de Cuenca, al equipo técnico y de of the city of Cuenca, and to the guardaparques de la Corporación technical team and park rangers Municipal Parque Nacional Cajas. of Cajas National Park Municipal A Luis Coloma por sus valiosos Corporation. To Luis Coloma, for his comentarios, revisiones y por la valuable comments and revisions, donación de importante material as well as for the important fotográfico. A Alejandro Arteaga, donation of photographical Andrés Martínez, Francisco material. To Andrés Martínez, Sánchez, Morley Read y Juan Alejandro Arteaga, Juan Pablo Pablo Martínez por su colaboración Martínez for their management in con material fotográfico. A getting photographical material. To Francisco Sánchez por su apoyo Francisco Sánchez, for his support con la elaboración y revisión de la in the elaboration and revision of the cartografía. A Fausto Siavichay, cartography. To Fausto Siavichay, Gabriela Álvarez, Gabriel Sánchez, Gabriela Álvarez, Gabriel Sánchez, Gabriela Maldonado, Sandra Gabriela Maldonado, Sandra Carmona, Juan Daniel Jaramillo. Al Carmona, Juan Daniel Jaramillo. proyecto Balsa de los Sapos por su To the “Balsa de los Sapos Project” apoyo e interés en la investigación, for the support and interest in conocimiento y conservación de the conservation, research and los anfibios y reptiles del Ecuador. knowledge of the Ecuadorian Finalmente a las lagunas, bosques amphibian and reptiles. y ríos del Parque Nacional Cajas Finally we want to thank the lakes, y el bosque protector de Mazán forests and rivers of Cajas National por albergar a especies tan Park and the Mazán Protected sorprendentes del mundo animal. Forest because they provide the habitat for these amazing specimens of the animal world. Francisco Sánchez 4 www.etapa.net.ec CUENCA - ECUADOR - SUDAMÉRICA 5 ANFIBIOS, REPTILES Y PECES DEL PARQUE NACIONAL CAJAS ANFIBIOS, REPTILES Y PECES DEL PARQUE NACIONAL CAJAS encontramos en el P.N.C. fish and reptiles. Even more INTRODUCCIÓN (Parque Nacional Cajas) y sus important is the fact that C.N.P. áreas adyacentes, en donde se and the M.P.F. are home to the INTRODUCTION han encontrado 24 especies only two surviving species of de anfibios, peces y reptiles. El Harlequin frogs from the high importante valor de la diversidad lands (Atelopus exiguus, A. nanay). biológica del Cajas, se ve In 2005, a new type of snake was En uno de los flancos occidentales In one of the western flanks of the expresado en los descubrimientos found, the scientists are still studying de la cordillera de los Andes, al sur Andes in southern Ecuador, we find que se han realizado en áreas que it to determineat a taxonomical del Ecuador, se encuentra ubicado Cajas National Park with 28544 no habían sido evaluadas desde el level its species; it may be an el Parque Nacional Cajas, en una hectares that goes from 3150 punto de vista herpetológico. Con unknown species for the world. superficie de 28544 hectáreas m.a.s.l. inside the Mazán Protected gran alegría, el parque alberga a las Recently, in September 2007, que asciende desde los de 3150 Forest (M.P.F) to 4450 masl at the dos únicas especies sobrevivientes two new species of amphibians metros de altitud en el Bosque summit of Arquitecto´s Mountain. de Ranas arlequín de altura for the Park were found, Protector de Mazán (B.P.M) hasta This altitudinal range of 1300m, (Atelopus exiguus, A. nanay) en el Pristimantis vidua and P. philipi. los 4450 metros en la cima del mark clear differences on other país y posiblemente en el mundo. Cerro Arquitectos. elements that make up the En el año 2005 se descubrió en The conservation of this natural Este rango altitudinal, de 1300 park´s natural environment. The las proximidades del parque a una wonder is the responsibility of all metros marca claras diferencias diversity in C.N.P. (Cajas National especie de serpiente muy rara para of us, help us to protect it! en otros elementos que conforman Park) is amazing; different soil la ciencia y la que se encuentra el entorno natural del parque, types, ground compositions actualmente siendo revisada a manifestándose en el tipo de suelo, and gradients gives to each nivel taxonómico para determinar composición o pendiente que place their own characteristics su especie. encontramos en cada recorrido, en like temperature, precipitation, Recientemente, en septiembre las temperaturas y precipitaciones and of course, the variety of the de 2007, se encontraron a dos de cada paraje y en la composición vegetal and animal communities. nuevas especies de anfibios para de las comunidades vegetales y el parque, Pristimantis vidua y P. animales de cada lugar. There are several explanations philipi. regarding the origin of the name Existen varias explicaciones con of the park. The most appropriate ¡La conservación de esta respecto al origen del nombre del takes its name from the Quechua maravilla natural es tarea de parque, al parecer la más acertada word “Caxas” which means “cold”. todos, ayúdenos a protegerla! toma el nombre de la palabra There are some other people that Quechua “Caxas” que significa think that the name Cajas (Cajas in “frío.” Otros piensan que su Spanish means boxes) is because nombre se debe a las formaciones of the geological formations in the geológicas en forma de “cajas” form of “boxes” among wich are dentro de las cuales se encuentran the valleys hosting the 235 lakes. los valles que albergan las 235 lagunas que existen. This incredible lagoon system acts as a sponge, regulating the Este increíble sistema lacustre water, bringing its surplus into actúa a manera de esponjas the rivers Tomebamba, Mazán, reguladoras del agua, aportando Yanuncay, Machágara and sus excedentes a los ríos Miguir, and benefiting the city Tomebamba, Mazán, Yanuncay, of Cuenca with water and the Machágara, Miguir y beneficiando country with hydroelectric energy. a la ciudad de Cuenca con el abastecimiento de agua potable y A sample of the diversity of al país con energía eléctrica. herpetofauna of the Ecuadorian Andes is found in C.N.P. and its Una muestra importante de adjacent areas; there are more la diversidad de herpetofauna than 24 species of amphibians, ecuatoriana de los Andes la 6 www.etapa.net.ec
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  • A New Species of the Pristimantis Orestes Group (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the High Andes of Ecuador, Reserva Mazar

    A New Species of the Pristimantis Orestes Group (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the High Andes of Ecuador, Reserva Mazar

    Zootaxa 3616 (4): 345–356 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3616.4.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5FA7195E-1152-4F3C-8860-374A1EAAEF62 A new species of the Pristimantis orestes group (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the high Andes of Ecuador, Reserva Mazar JUAN M. GUAYASAMIN1 & ALEJANDRO F. ARTEAGA2 1Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Av. Machala y Sabanilla, Quito, Ecuador. E-mail: [email protected] 2Tropical Herping, calle Leonardo Tejada y Gonzalo Endara, Quito, Ecuador Abstract We describe a new Pristimantis from La Libertad and Rumiloma, Reserva Mazar, Andes of Southeastern Ecuador, at elevations between 2895–3415 m. This species is assigned to the P. orestes group, from whose members it differs by its small body size (adult males ≤ 18.1 mm; adult females ≤ 23.7 mm), usually reticulated ventral pattern, and visible tympanum. The vocalization of the new species consists of a series of calls; each call is composed by a pulsed, non- modulated note in frequency, and with a dominant frequency of 3122–3171 Hz. A molecular phylogeny based on a fragment of the mitochondrial gene 12S shows that the new species is sister to Pristimantis simonbolivari. Key words: Cañar, New species, Pristimantis orestes Group, Reserva Mazar Resumen Se describe una nueva especie de rana del género Pristimantis de las localidades de La Libertad y Rumiloma, Reserva Mazar, Andes del sureste del Ecuador, a elevaciones de 2895–3415 m.
  • AMPHIBIAN and REPTILE TRADE in TEXAS: CURRENT STATUS and TRENDS a Thesis by HEATHER LEE PRESTRIDGE Submitted to the Office of Gr

    AMPHIBIAN and REPTILE TRADE in TEXAS: CURRENT STATUS and TRENDS a Thesis by HEATHER LEE PRESTRIDGE Submitted to the Office of Gr

    AMPHIBIAN AND REPTILE TRADE IN TEXAS: CURRENT STATUS AND TRENDS A Thesis by HEATHER LEE PRESTRIDGE Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 2009 Major Subject: Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences AMPHIBIAN AND REPTILE TRADE IN TEXAS: CURRENT STATUS AND TRENDS A Thesis by HEATHER LEE PRESTRIDGE Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved by: Chair of Committee, Lee A. Fitzgerald Committee Members, James R. Dixon Toby J. Hibbitts Ulrike Gretzel Head of Department, Thomas E. Lacher August 2009 Major Subject: Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences iii ABSTRACT Amphibian and Reptile Trade in Texas: Current Status and Trends. (August 2009) Heather Lee Prestridge, B.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Lee A. Fitzgerald The non-game wildlife trade poses a risk to our natural landscape, natural heritage, economy, and security. Specifically, the trade in non-game reptiles and amphibians exploits native populations, and is likely not sustainable for many species. Exotic amphibian and reptile species pose risk of invasion and directly or indirectly alter the native landscape. The extent of non-game amphibian and reptile trade is not fully understood and is poorly documented. To quantitatively describe the trade in Texas, I solicited data from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service’s (USFWS) Law Enforcement Management Information System (LEMIS) and Texas Parks and Wildlife Department’s (TPWD) non-game dealer permits.

  • The Phylogenetic Relationship of Geographically Separated “Flectonotus” (Anura: Hemiphractidae), As Revealed by Molecular, Behavioral, and Morphological Data

    Phyllomedusa 10(1):15–29, 2011 © 2011 Departamento de Ciências Biológicas - ESALQ - USP ISSN 1519-1397 The phylogenetic relationship of geographically separated “Flectonotus” (Anura: Hemiphractidae), as revealed by molecular, behavioral, and morphological data William E. Duellman1, Karl-Heinz Jungfer2, and David C. Blackburn1 1 Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, Kansas USA 66045-7593. E-mails: duellman@ ku.edu, [email protected]. 2 Institute of Integrated Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Koblenz–Landau, Universitätsstrasse 1, 50679 Koblenz, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]. Abstract The phylogenetic relationship of geographically separated “Flectonotus” (Anura: Hemiphractidae), as revealed by molecular, behavioral, and morphological data. Phylogenetic analyses of data derived from one mitochondrial gene and one nuclear gene show that the five species of small marsupial frogs currently recognized as Flectonotus are in fact two distinct and not closely related lineages. This conclusion is strongly supported by reproductive behavior and morphological characters. Thus, we recognize the genus Fritziana Mello-Leitão for the three species in southeastern Brazil and Flectonotus Miranda-Ribeiro for the two species in northern South America. Keywords: Anura, Hemiphractidae, Flectonotus, Fritziana, molecular phylogenetics, reproductive behavior, morphology. Resumo Relações filogenéticas entre espécies de Flectonotus“ ” (Anura: Hemiphractidae) isoladas geograficamente reveladas por dados moleculares, de comportamento e morfológicos. Análises filogenéticas de dados derivados de um gene mitocondrial e um gene nuclear mostram que as cinco espécies de pererecas-marsupiais de pequeno porte atualmente incluídas no gênero Flectonotus pertencem, na verdade, a duas linhagens distintas e não intimamente aparentadas. Essa conclusão é fortemente sustentada por caracteres morfológicos e características do comportamento reprodutivo.