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Critical Analysis of the Impact of Job on the Social Status of Women in Pakistan

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Critical Analysis of the Impact of Job on the Social Status of Women in Pakistan Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.8, No.6, 2017 Critical Analysis of the Impact of Job on the Social Status of Women in Pakistan Uzma Panhwar 1 Allahdino Abro 2 Dr. Mumtaz Khawaja 3* Dr. Abida Siddiqui 1 Muhammad Farshad 4 1.Assistant Professor, department of Educational Management and Supervision, Elsa Kazi Campus, University of Sindh Hyderabad Sindh. 2.Assistant Professor, Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah, Higher Secondary School, Hyderabad Sindh. 3.Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Elsa Kazi Campus, University of Sindh Hyderabad Sindh. 4.Department of Basic Sciences, Lecturer (English) Dawood University of Engineering & Technology Karachi. Abstract Although the larger portion of the world population is women but hardly 25% women are employed. Furthermore, they have been given second class status. Considering the need and importance of job for women, a survey regarding the impact of job on the social status of women has been conducted. A sample of 100 employed and 100 unemployed women was randomly selected from access population for the study. The findings of the study showed that there was significant effect of the job on the social status and empowerment of women. The employed women of the urban area had got more opportunities than the employed women of rural area. The marriages of women were also closely associated with their jobs. However, to unemployed women, the social status of men and women was equal but employed women, rejecting the statement, believed that social status of men was higher than women at their work place. Nevertheless, the social status of employed women was higher than unemployed men. Keywords : Social status, job, marriage, empowerment & workplace. 1. Introduction The foundation pillars of every society are men and women. The rapid growth and development of all the societies depend upon the equal contribution of men and women (Qureshi, 2001, p. 93). Adding to this Malik (2000) describes that without proper contribution of men and women, the growth and development targets can never be achieved (p. 10). He further believes that talent / potential of women is not less than men in every nook and corner of the world. Whatever men can do, women are also capable to do that in a better way. The history reveals that women, right from the Stone Age to modern age of enlightenment, are working with men side by side. Their contribution in socio-economic life is not less than men in any case. Despite of their matchless contribution, the women have never been given labour force participation and social status equal to men. The social status of women is not same all over the world. It varies from country to country, state to state, society to society and culture to culture. In some areas of the world the women’s social status is praiseworthy while in other areas it is very miserable. Similarly, in some areas the social status is improving while in other areas it is declining. The absolute measurement of social status of women is not possible. However, the social status of women can be evaluated from attitude of parents, family members and other society members. When women are fairly treated and respected by parents, family members and other society members equal to men, then social status of women is termed as praiseworthy. But on the contrary when women are treated like animals, slaves and minorities, then social status of women is termed as miserable. In Pakistan, the women constitute more than 50% of the population. However, the social status of women is not praiseworthy in most parts of the country especially in rural areas the social status of women is very miserable. They are treated not more than animals and slaves. Raza and Murad (2010) describe that the women in Pakistan are kept socially and economically backward by extremist and prejudiced actors found in every nook and corner of the country. They have imposed certain restrictions on the social and economical mobility of women in the name of man-made culture, norms and values. As a result, the labour force participation ratio of women has never come closer to men. The job opportunities figures for women are very disappointing. Azid, Khan and Alamasi (2010) comparing the labour force participation figures of women with men, point out that women’s contribution in labour force market is only 14% compared to 70% of men. However, the trend has dramatically changed since the last few decays. Now-a-days, the parents and family members have realized that they cannot progress without the contribution of women in the socio-economic areas. Cheema and Yasmeen (2003) believe that labour force participation ratio of women has increased rapidly due to higher inflation and globalization pressure (p. 279). In the remote past the participation of women was limited to teaching and medical fields but currently, one can find women in all walks of life working with men. Now the question raises whether the changing environment regarding the participation of women in the labour market has improved their social status are not. Considering the increasing ratio of women in the labour force, a research 17 Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.8, No.6, 2017 regarding the impact of job on the social status of women has been conducted with objectives mentioned below. 1.1 Objectives of study 1. To evaluate the impact of job on the social status women. 2. To assess the impact of job on the empowerment of women. 3. To highlight the impact of job on the marriage of women. 4. To identify the satisfaction of women with their work environment and work place. 5. To compare the social status of employed women with unemployed women. 6. To compare the social status of employed women with unemployed men. 7. To compare the social status of rural area employed women with urban area employed women. 8. To identify the mean difference in the perceptions between employed women and unemployed women regarding the impact of job on the social status of women. 1.2 Research questions 1. What is the impact of job on the social status of women? 2. What is the impact of job on the empowerment of women? 3. What is the impact of job on the marriage of women? 4. To what extent are the women satisfied with their work environment and work place? 5. What is difference in the social status between employed and unemployed women? 6. What is the difference in the social status between employed women and unemployed men? 7. What is the difference in the social status between rural areas employed women and urban areas employed women? 8. What is the difference in the perceptions between employed women and unemployed women regarding the impact of job on the social status of women? 1.3 Hypothesis 1. There is no significant effect of job on the social status of women. 2. There is no significant effect of job on the empowerment of women. 3. There is no significant difference in the social status between men and women at their work place. 4. There is no significant effect of job on the marriage of women. 5. There is no significant difference in the social status between employed women and unemployed women. 6. There is no significant difference between rural areas employed women and urban areas employed women. 7. There is no significant difference in the social status between employed women and unemployed men. 8. There is no significant difference in the perceptions between employed women and unemployed women regarding the impact of job on the social status of women. 2. Literature review Women constitute the major portion of world population. They give rise to both male and female genders. A male child getting birth from female soon after becoming young starts showing his superiority to female gender. The history of human evolution, growth and development reveals that the social status of women has never got the position equal to men. Men have ever showed their dominancy over women in every walk of life. However, this dominancy varies from nation to nation, religion to religion and region to region. Jalal-ud-din and Khan (2008) conducted a research in this regard and found that women’s social status has never come closer to men. Men used to keep women socially, educationally, economically, ideologically and ethically backward. They never allowed women to privilege the social rights equal to men (p. 485). Adding to this Shah (2010) argues that currently women are taking active part in demanding and observing their due rights. As a result of women movements regarding their autonomy, liberty, identification and equal social rights, many changes have occurred all over the world. No doubt the social status of women has improved to some extent. The women have been given more rights and empowerment but when compared to men, women are still at bottom. They are still facing fundamental problems in the name of family honour, religious restrictions, cultural values and norms in different part of the world. While considering the women employment and jobs, the ratio of women is not only lower in the labour force and labour market but their incentives and payment are also lower than men. In this regard the factsheet: Global (2011) points out that although one hundred and seventeen countries all over the world have ensured in the legal system that pay of men and women will be equal but despite of these equal pay laws women are still being paid ten to thirteen percentage comparatively lower than men.
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