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The Politics of Our Lives: the Raising Her Voice in Pakistan Experience

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The Politics of Our Lives: the Raising Her Voice in Pakistan Experience THE POLITICS OF OUR LIVES The Raising Her Voice in Pakistan Experience RAISING HER VOICE ‘Pakistan is a difficult place to be female – I have hope, we have hope, we have to have hope. I am hopeful that the challenges I have faced, that my children will not. I am hopeful that the successes I have achieved will inspire my children. I think they are more confident because of my actions.’ Haseen Mussarat, RHV Women’s Leader, Sindh Province EXECUTIVE SUMMARY How can we change the power dynamics that exclude Pakistan is a country where, in 1988, Benazir Bhutto became women from decision making? How can the barriers that the first-ever woman prime minister of a Muslim country; prevent women from exercising their rights as equals to lead, where, in 2008, Dr. Fehmida Mirza became the first woman to propose and to call to account be overcome? to be elected as speaker of a National Assembly in the Muslim world; and where 2013 saw more than 100 women ‘No nation can rise to the height of glory members enter both houses of parliament. Yet, Pakistan is unless your women are side by side with also a country where Zubaida Begum was killed because of you.’ Mohammed Ali Jinnah, speaking to her attempt to break anti-women traditions by participating the Muslim University Union Aligarh, in local elections and raising women’s awareness of their 10th March 1944 right to vote; and where, during the May 2013 elections, in violation of election rules and the agreed code of ethics, In partnership with 17 Oxfam country teams, 45 partner many women were barred from voting,1 predominantly in the organizations and 450 coalition members, the Raising Her Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.2 Voice (RHV) programme set out to find practical answers to The RHV programme entered this very complex and sensitive these questions. space by building on a country level partnership with the The RHV programme recognized the complexity of the Aurat Foundation (AF), which for the past 26 years has come obstacles women face in their personal, social and political to be known for its commitment to promoting women’s spheres, and that lasting change would only be secured empowerment and citizens’ participation in governance. through strengthening women’s positions across all three Working together, the RHV programme and AF established areas. The programme developed a Theory of Change based the ‘50 Women Leaders Groups’ (WLGs) in 30 districts across on this model to guide programme design, reflection and Pakistan, with a total membership of 1,500 women activists, learning. More than 700,000 women in 17 countries have living and working in their communities. benefited from the results. The aims of the WLGs are: to promote activism within Well known for its highly articulate and influential women, their communities; to defend and promote individual and Pakistan is also known throughout the world for the severe collective women’s rights; to represent marginalized women; restrictions placed on women’s personal and political and to raise women’s collective voice at local and district liberties – so-called ‘honour killings’ being the most levels, as well as, with AF’s support, at the provincial and extreme example. national level. 4 THE POLITICS OF OUR LIVES THE RAISING HER VOICE IN PAKISTAN EXPERIENCE The decision to work with well-connected ‘home-grown’ not drawn on family, religious or political lines has helped women leaders strengthened community activism and, to develop mutual trust and strengthen the collective crucially, provided an entry point to reach the many women voice of local women. Despite their ideological or party who remained marginalized. Their activism and campaigning political differences, the women leaders think alike on has resulted in tangible benefits for women and contributed many women’s rights issues. They are able to work together to changing a culture that all too often excludes women to resolve local problems, such as violations of women’s from decision making. Thanks to the courage and employment rights and cases of domestic violence. determination of these women leaders, hundreds of National and local spaces for community activism were women – who would otherwise never have gained access to supported by AF’s tireless advocacy and lobbying, which resources, informal and formal justice, or decision-making drew on its strong media and communications background. fora – are beginning to have a say in the choices that affect Thanks to its links to women’s groups nationwide, AF’s their lives. evidence-led advocacy is acknowledged as having been From Sialkot, where WLG members helped nearly 116,000 a driving force behind legislative changes (notably the women gain national identity cards, to Attock, where the WLG introduction of the Domestic Violence Bill in Sindh Province) helped convince the local panchayat authority3 to ban honour and pro-women reforms to the rules of political engagement. killings, the creation of the WLGs has increased women’s Cultural events and public rallies have also ensured that personal and organizational capacity and confidence to women’s rights remain a highly visible issue. influence and call those in power to account. As the RHV programme draws to a close, the experiences The increase in women’s political participation has provided and achievements of the WLG model, with its strong national new opportunities to form alliances and gain influence partnership and focus of community-level activism, contain within centres of power, enabling women to help shape valuable insights for anybody working to promote women’s policy and practice. Safety in numbers and the novelty political participation and leadership in volatile and of an activist platform that, possibly for the first time, is complex environments. AFTER MONTHS SLEEPING ‘UNDER THE SKY’ FOLLOWING A DISPUTE WITH HER LANDLORD, NEETAN KOHLI [FAR-LEFT], WLG MEMBER IN HATRI, HYDERABAD, HAS RETURNED TO HER HOME AND TO WORK IN THE FIELDS, WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE WLGS (2012). PHOTO: IRINA WERNING INTRODUCTION How do you bring about positive change for women by the status of women in the home, the community, and in increasing their political participation and leadership in a wider society. culturally and politically constrained environment? This paper celebrates the changes that the RHV Pakistan Until such time that women are able to participate on programme has brought about and, more importantly, distils an equal footing with men, socially, politically and the choices and actions that generated these changes. It can economically, the world fails to fulfil its potential, and, as a offer insights to policy makers and practitioners developing people, we forfeit the right to be called ‘civilized’.4 and managing governance programmes in complex, and often insecure, contexts, where the political space for women is In this review of the Raising Her Voice5 (RHV) Pakistan narrow and fraught with dangers. programme, we will start with an analysis of the position of women in Pakistan, and the forces for and against change, We will begin with the achievements of the RHV programme which informed the development of a Theory of Change. This before describing the processes that led to these changes. was then developed into work in the personal, social and Though there are still many barriers to women in Pakistan political spheres, in order to create practical and strategic demanding and gaining their political rights, since 2008 gains in the quality and quantity of women’s political the Aurat Foundation’s (AF) strategy of pressure and participation and leadership. collaboration in tandem has enabled roughly 187,500 RHV is part of Oxfam GB’s global programme; it seeks to promote Pakistani women6 to raise their voices and claim their poor women’s rights and improve their capacity to participate political space. This is all the more inspirational given the effectively in governance at all levels: raising women’s many constraints that those working for women’s political voices; increasing their influence; and compelling decision- freedom face at every level of Pakistani society. making institutions to be more accountable to women. The RHV programme formally drew to a close in March This falls within Oxfam’s broader organizational commitment 2013. This report draws on contributions from AF, the to building a more inclusive and equitable society. It is implementing partner, and the Oxfam Pakistan team, through essential that we learn from governance programmes, such interviews and a desk review. It also includes peer group as RHV, which put ‘women’s rights at the heart of all we do’. input from RHV Co-ordinators in South Africa, Indonesia For governance programmes to bring about transformational and Nepal, power holders at provincial and national levels change, it is important to find new and innovative ways of in Pakistan, and, most importantly, the testimony of the overcoming the many deeply embedded barriers to changing women leaders themselves. WHERE CHANGES ARE HAPPENING The ‘50 Women Leaders’ Groups differences, the women leaders think alike on many women’s rights issues. They are able to work together to Across Pakistan, 1,500 women leaders, formed into 30 resolve local problems, such as violations of women’s district-level ’50 Women Leader Groups’ (WLGs), have used employment rights and cases of domestic violence. their voice, diplomacy and influence to speak out on behalf of women. Working with AF, and created with support from ‘I believe that men and women are the RHV programme, the activism and campaigning of the created equal and therefore should be WLGs has resulted in tangible benefits for women and treated equally...The time is past when contributed to changing a culture that has often excluded women couldn’t raise their voice against women from decision making.
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