New York City Department of Transportation
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NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Passenger Transport Division Battery Maritime Bldg, Third Floor New York, NY 10004 (212) 487-8300 Web Site: http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/dot/home.html State Legislative Districts: Senate: 7, 9 - 23, 25 - 34 Assembly: 16, 17, 20 - 58, 62 - 83 The New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) sponsors seven private transit operators within New York City including: Command Bus, Green Bus Lines, Jamaica Buses, Queens Surface, Triboro Coach, Liberty Lines Express, and New York Bus Tours. NYCDOT also contracts with Atlantic Express to provide two express routes for commuters from the South Shore of Staten Island. The NYCDOT bus system is comprised of 1,300 buses, the 9th largest fleet and the largest privately operated fleet in the nation and more than 1/4 the size of the MTA NYC Transit bus fleet. that involved three companies: Queens Surface, Five of seven original operators provide local and Jamaica Buses and Triboro Coach. The first strike express service, while two provide exclusively express lasted only two days, February 28 and 29. However, service. Together, there are 35 express and 47 local the second strike was more prolonged, lasting five and routes. Liberty Lines and New York Bus Tours provide a half weeks, from June 29 to August 6. Each day of express services from the Bronx to Manhattan. Green the strike led to the loss of approximately 193,000 Bus Lines, Jamaica Buses, Queens Surface and Triboro riders. In the aftermath of the strike there was a Coach provide local service in Queens and express residual impact period before ridership returned to service from Queens to Manhattan. Command Bus near pre-strike levels. In addition, employment in the provides local service in Brooklyn and express service city declined for a second straight year, with more than from Brooklyn to Manhattan. A number of the Queens 30,000 private sector jobs eliminated and local services also extend to adjacent boroughs (i.e. unemployment rising to 8.2 percent. Queens Surface to the Bronx and Manhattan, Jamaica to Nassau, and Green Bus Lines to Brooklyn and While most of the major transportation network Manhattan). impacted by the September 11, 2001 attacks was restored, AM rush hour restrictions on SOVs were still In 2002 service was seriously impacted by two strikes in place for all bridges between Brooklyn and NYCDOT - Sponsored Services NYCDOT - Sponsored Services Revenue Passengers Revenue Vehicle Miles 120 29 115 28 110 27 105 100 26 95 25 Millions Millions 90 24 85 23 80 75 22 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Year Year III-24 NYCDOT BUS Green Jamaica Command Liberty NY Bus Queens Triboro Atlantic Total 2002 Characteristics Bus Lines Bus Bus Lines Tours Surface Coach Revenue Passengers 35,442,472 8,876,967 3,269,385 2,938,010 3,943,727 22,815,724 21,505,095 608,451 99,399,831 Number of Vehicles 235 103 136 86 143 337 260 24 1,324 Number of Employees 665 248 258 230 261 813 531 0 3,006 Revenue Vehicle Miles 5,537,966 1,699,917 2,829,142 2,549,388 3,368,097 5,813,252 3,512,141 513,471 25,823,374 Revenue Vehicle Hours 632,719 189,529 240,327 196,602 253,496 506,582 370,097 0 2,389,352 Total Operating Revenue 27,058,474 6,758,155 6,089,012 8,141,354 10,443,259 29,139,317 18,385,097 2,321,386 108,336,054 Total Operating Expense 70,002,394 27,329,665 25,761,757 20,719,668 26,963,951 77,925,572 54,305,269 4,852,983 307,861,259 Operating Expense /Rev. Vehicle Mile 12.64 16.08 9.11 8.13 8.01 13.40 15.46 9.45 11.92 Operating Expense / Rev. Vehicle Hour 110.64 144.20 107.19 105.39 106.37 153.83 146.73 – 128.85 Rev. Passengers / Rev. Vehicle Mile 6.40 5.22 1.16 1.15 1.17 3.92 6.12 1.18 3.85 Rev. Passengers / Rev. Vehicle Hour 56.02 46.84 13.60 14.94 15.56 45.04 58.11 – 41.60 Total Operating Revenue / Op. Expense 0.39 0.25 0.24 0.39 0.39 0.37 0.34 0.48 0.35 Operating Expense / Revenue Passenger 1.98 3.08 7.88 7.05 6.84 3.42 2.53 7.98 3.10 Total Op. Revenue / Revenue Passenger 0.76 0.76 1.86 2.77 2.65 1.28 0.85 3.82 1.09 Manhattan and Brooklyn Battery Tunnel. These original services following the prolonged Labor restrictions had a positive effect on ridership for express strike. Over the longer term, 1998 to 2002, revenue commuter services from Brooklyn, provided by vehicle miles remained flat. Command Bus, and Staten Island, provided by Atlantic Express. The total NYCDOT fleet at the beginning of 2002 reached 1,300 buses, increasing from 1,134 buses in Ridership on the New York City sponsored private bus 1997. This increase in fleet size was necessary to companies decreased 11.8 percent overall in 2002. The accommodate the large ridership increases mentioned decline reflects the impact of the prolonged strike. previously. This was accomplished through fleet However, excluding ridership for the three impacted expansion and delayed retirement of older buses. The companies, Command Bus experienced a slight increase resulting average age of the combined fleet was 10.4 in ridership of 1.9 percent. Express bus ridership from years. A total 661 buses, 51.3 percent of the total fleet, Liberty and NY Bus Tours declined by a slight 0.1 are over-age (older than12 years). Four operators percent and 1.8 percent respectively. Also, more detailed Green Bus Lines, Jamaica Buses, Liberty Lines analysis of ridership data showed increased travel Express, and New York Bus Tours have a total directly within Queens and Brooklyn boroughs and fewer average bus fleet age older than 12 years. To meet people traveling to Manhattan. ADA requirements 937 buses, 72 percent, are equipped with wheelchair lifts. Over the previous five year period, 1998-2001, ridership had increased from 95.6 million to 112.7 million in New York City had previously committed to the use of 2001, dropping to 99.4 million in 2002. The largest gains alternative fuel buses in its fleet replacement strategy. in ridership were achieved during the 1997- 2000 period As a result the current fleet includes 1,356 when the city successfully implemented the MetroCard Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) vehicles, constituting Gold “One City- One Fare” Policy and fare initiatives 28 percent of the fleet. However in the year 2002, the together with MTA-NYCT. This policy provided fare city adapted a new policy targeting the replacement of discounts, universal free transfers, and other fare 20 percent of the diesel fleet with CNG equivalents. initiatives. This was also a period of significant job NYCDOT completed construction of new CNG bus growth in New York City. garage facilities for Command buses in Southeast Brooklyn and for Queens Surface in College Point Passenger revenue showed a corresponding pattern of Queens in 1998. The commitment to using CNG growth from 1998 to 2000 followed by a modest decline vehicles had caused delays in acquiring new buses, as of 1.8 percent in 2001 and a more significant decline of facilities to accommodate them were not available. 13.8 percent in 2002. The increase from 1998 to 2000, at an annualized 5.5 percent, was driven in part by the Systemwide operating costs increased 7.2 percent in increased use of MetroCard time based discounts. 2002. Over the five year period operating costs During this period the dramatic ridership increases more climbed at 6.5 annualized rate. Contributing to these than compensated for the impact of fare discounts. The expenses in 2002 were large increases in fringe benefit decline in passenger revenues in 2002 largely reflects the costs, casualty and liability costs and parts and repairs. impact of the Labor strikes. In 2002, Command, Queens Surface, NY Bus and The 11.8 percent ridership decline in 2002 outpaced the Triboro made investments in the repair of aged buses. 6.3 percent decline in revenue vehicle miles. This All these companies have fleets with half of their buses partially reflects a public reluctance to return to the aged over the useful life of 12 years. Worker III-25 compensation as a part of fringe benefits skyrocketed by 30 percent after the September 11 attacks. Casualty and liability costs dramatically increased after September 11 from $2.7M to $7.25M. Operating cost per mile went up 14.4 percent in 2002, and over a five year period cost per mile increased at a rate of 6.3 percent. The strikes contributed to the growth of operating cost per mile. The revenue passenger to revenue vehicle mile ratio decreased by 5.9 percent from 2001 to 2002 due to the Labor strikes. Over the 5 year period the ratio increased at an annualized rate of 0.8 percent. This is an indication of system efficiency over the long term, as ridership grew faster than service expansion. At the same time, it is also an indication that service is overcrowded, particularly during peak periods, and often operates at peak capacity. The combination of the decline in operating revenue of 13.8 percent and operating cost increases of 7.2 percent caused significant decreases of the “cover ratio”, (revenue to cost ratio) from 43.8 in 2001 to 35.2 in 2002.