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Index Note: Page numbers in italic type refer to illustrations; those in bold type refer to tables. Aberchalder block 121, 124, 127, 132 Altaids 167 section 129 Altyn Tagh Fault 282 Acasta gneiss 289 Amadeus Basin 139 accessory minerals amphibolite facies 197 in geochronology 289 basal units 197 reaction textures 295 deformation 142, 353 recystallization 297 divergence 183 accretion, multiple 105 granites 202 accretion model gravity anomalies 214 orogenic surges 102-103, 106 sedimentation 140, 145 Tso Morari dome 102 shortening 158 actinolite schists 304 strength 171 Adelaide Fold Belt 172, 189 subsidence 186, 197 Adirondacks 358, 376 transpression 186 advection amphibole, analysis 336 by igneous intrusions 47 amphibolite facies by uplift and subsidence 166 Amadeus Basin 197 Aegean Alps, crustal roots 93 Chewings Range 239 Aegean crust Great Glen 121, 127 deformation 91 Harts Range 239, 352 extension 103-104 Mount Isa 221 metamorphism 104 retrogression to 42 roll-back 97 reworking under 297 Aegean Sea Reynolds Range 244, 247, 250, 253, 361 collapsed lithosphere 77, 86 anatexis extension 94 Dronning Maud Land 346 Africa Karakoram 92, 93 drift rate 91, 93 and orogenic collapse 99 rift system 91 andalusite Aileron Shear Zone 252, 361,372 Anmatjira Range 253 Alboran Sea 29-31, 30, 34 Lander Rock Beds 241 collapsed lithosphere 77, 86 Mutare-Manica Greenstone Belt 304 extension 94 Reynolds Range 247, 359, 376 Algeria, heat flow 63 Warimbi Schist 243 Alice Springs Orogeny 167-168, 197, 238, 262 Andes causes 144 stress state 93 deformation 183, 212, 214 subduction 96 duration 157 Anmatjira event 139 fluid flow 370-373 Anmatjira Orthogneiss 243, 255, 256 geodynamics 139-164 Anmatjira Range 240 geological constraints 157 peak metamorphism 248 intracratonic deformation 165 structure and metamorphism 244, 245, 255 metamorphism 262, 281 Anna Reservoir 361, 370 Moho temperatures 161 Annandagstoppane 319 onset 240 Annapurna Range 95 overprinting 352 annealing 133 peak 186, 188 anorthite-marble 243 Reynolds Range 254 anorthosites, Dronning Maud Land 346, 349, 351 shear zones 252-253, 257 Antarctica strain rate 186 in Gondwanaland 143 allanite 290, 297 Mozambique Belt 319 allanite-monazite equilibria 299 (see also Droning Maud Land) Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt 90 apatite 290, 299 Alps, European 41 Apennines 31 accretion event 92 crustal shortening 93 crustal stripping 48 Appalachian/Mauretanide front 143 extension 103 Appalachians 297 metamorphism 104 Ar/Ar ages model geotherms 43 Kalahari Mozambique 310, 312, 316, 317-318 Rb-Sr dating 299 North China Craton 329 tectonic modes 103-105 resetting 320 thermal regime 64 Reynolds-Anmatjira Ranges 252 UHP metamorphism 93 Vietnam 93 396 INDEX Arabian-Nubian Shield 64 Betic Cordillera 29 Arcadia 376 Big Toby Batholith 221,226, 229 Archaean cratons, proximity to 63 Bigie Formation 221 Archaean shields 3 Bindian Orogeny 167 Argand number 146 biotite 271 Argilke thermal event 139 analysis 332, 334, 336 argon release spectra 290 Black Point 265 Arltunga Nappe Complex 142 Bleechmore Granulite 263, 281,283 Arunta Block block rotation, and crustal thickening 155-157, 156, 162 deformation 144 Blockade 224 divergence 183 blueschist facies 41, 46, 92, 105 emergence 186 Bohai Bay 324 reactivation 166 bolide impact 91 shape 140 Bonaparte Gulf Basin 167, 171, 183, 186, 188 shortening 142, 158 Bottletree Formation 221 tectonic events 139 boudins, mafic 39, 52, 294 weakness 171, 186 Bouguer anomalies, Australia 165 Arunta Inlier 197 boundary conditions Alice Springs Orogeny 253 Australian margin 174, 175 granites 202 thin viscous sheet model 146-147, 173-175 maps 238, 262 boundary stresses 144 Reynolds-Anmatjira Ranges 237-260 Bowen Basin 168 section 283 box folds 124 shear zones 254 Brace-Goetze rheology 209, 214 Arylla Formation 223 Brazil, plate boundary forces 160 Asian blocks, rotation 144 breccias 124 asthenosphere Brevard zone 297 in delamination process 15, 144 British Columbia, structures 293 in rift zones 14 brittle failure 59 N Atlantic, opening 69 brittle faulting, Sesia Lanzo 93 Australia brittle faults 118 extension 165 brittle folds 124 map 140 brittle-ductile transition, see frictionalwiscous transition Ordovician extension 166-167 Broken Hill Block, shear wave speed structure 9 reactivation and reworking 4-6 Bruna Detachment Zone 282 tectonic evolution 166-168 Bu Khang gneiss dome 93 Australia-Siberia convergence 167 buoyancy Australian margin compositional 14 boundary conditions 174 crustal 16 Phillipines collision 94 and crustal thickness 183 available buoyancy 20, 21 and eclogite facies 41-44 avalanche model 106 exhumation mechanism 98 and retrogression 39 back-arc basins stress 146 high-pressure rocks 102 and subduction 45, 48 Pacific 94 back-arc environments, high-pressure terranes 3 Cackleberry Metamorphics 265 back-arc extension 86, 166 calc-alkaline volcanism 93 back-thrusting 93 Caledonian orogeny 41, 51, 58 Bangweulu Block 63 Great Glen Fault 121 Barramundi Igneous Association 223, 225, 229, 230 Caledonides, North Atlantic Barramundi Orogeny 221,233 map 67, 69-70 Barrovian facies thinning 70 Alps 93 Camooweal 224 Cyclades 94 Canning Basin Karakoram 91 crustal thinning 161, 184 basement reheating 292 extension 148, 166, 183 basin formation map 142 and crustal stretching 206, 207, 210, 233 marine corridor 240 intraplate 262 tectonics 14~143, 144 and thermal history 203-205, 233 weakness 171, 183 Basin and Range Province Cape Smith Belt 296 collapsed lithosphere 77, 86 carbon isotopes extension 94 Dronning Maud Land 389 thermal history 14 Reynolds Range 367 basin subsidence 206 Carpathian Basin, collapsed lithosphere 77 Benambran Orogeny 167 Carters Bore Rhyolite 223 Bergen Arcs 48 cataclasis 119, 132 INDEX 397 cataclasites, Great Glen 124, 131 continental crust, structural history 115 cataclastic rocks 118 continental deformation 116-117 cathodoluminescence 310 continental fault zones, reactivated 115-137 central Australia continental lithosphere crustal thickening 161 layered model 16 intraplate deformation 195-198 stability 33 maps 5, 141, 196 strength 10 orogenies 14 stress guide 165 strength distribution 17I continental orogeny, and lithospheric rejuvenation Central Australian mega-element 145 13-37 Central Indian Ocean Ridge 92 continental reworking 2-3 Centralian Superbasin 197, 238, 262 continental ribbons 105 deformation and sediment thickness 198-199 continental rifting, active 85 isopachs 199 continental subduction 44, 46, 48-49, 51 sediments 202 convective boundary layer 16 charnockites 253, 255, 319, 346, 349 convective instability, lithospheric layers 20 see also Possum Creek Charnockite convective thinning 15, 16-26 Chewings Orogeny 245-252 and crustal buoyancy 22-26 date 139 and external stress fields 21-22 kink folds 250 and orogenic collapse 96 metamorphism 243, 253, 255, 257 thermal boundary layer 85 Reynolds range 254, 359 Tibet 33 thrusting 239 convergence, and lithospheric thickening 83 Chicamba quartzite 311 convergent zone, downwelling 23 Chilimanzi Granite Suite 311 copper porphyry, Andes 93 Chimoio Granodioritic Gneiss 305, 309, 312, 318, cordierite 241,243, 245, 247, 270, 271 319 Coulomb failure 59 China, tectonic map 324 Craton Boundary domain 308 chlorite 125 cratonic stability 26 Chuquicamata orebody 93 cratonization, central Australia 197, 233 clay gouges 121 cratons, definition 170 clinopyroxene, analysis 332, 335 creep parameters 169 closure temperatures 290, 291 crenulation cleavage, Wagga-Omeo Metamorphic Belt Coast orogen, Alaska 92 186 Coen Inlier 167 crenulation fabrics 124, 251,252 coesite 39 Crete, phyllite-quartzite nappe 94 formation conditions 44, 48 criticality, self-organized 106 stability field 46 crust coherent eclogite facies terranes 40-47 differentiation 208, 229, 233 exhumation 45 geochemical structuring 214 formation 44-47 granodioritic 42 collisional orogens, maps 40 mid-lower 201 collisions mid-upper 201 202 Aegean collisions 92 overthickening 59 Africa-Europe collision 90 thermal evolution 3 Africa-Laurentia collision 143 thermal rejuvenation 9 Australian margin-Philippines collision 94 thermal structure 195 Baltica-Laurasia collision 69 three-layered 201 Baltica-Laurentia collision 41 tonalitic composition 48, 49 Gondwana-Laurasia collision 41 two-layer 64 Greenland-Baltica collision 46 uppermost 202 India-Asia collision 91, 93, 102 see also lithosphere Laurentia-Gondwana collision 144 crust mantle boundary, offsets 165 compression, oblique 188 crustal buoyancy Conical Hill 364, 365, 375 and convective thinning 22-26 section 369 and downwelling 26, 33, 34 Coniston Schist 243, 250, 361,365 crustal delamination 49 51 conjugate shear zones 15 thermal model 50 Conradgebirge 349 crustal density section 350 lateral variation 214 contact metamorphism and metamorphism 51 fluid flow 362-365, 376 crustal extension, and basin formation 2, 232 regional 241 crustal fragments, accretion 105 continental blocks, absolute strength 171 crustal levels, exhumation 199 continental collisions crustal melting, Himalaya 94 and deep basement 39-55 crustal overthrusting 44 heating 47 crustal roots 39 and mountain building 14 Aegean Alps 93 398 INDEX crustal shortening density stratification 14 Alice Springs Orogeny 197 density and velocity fields, numerical model 23 Alps 103 denudation Apennines 93 accumulated 183 central Australia 142, 158, 165 African rift system 91 model 158 Alice Springs 202 overriding plates 107 and heat production 2 Petermann Orogeny 197 Himalaya 94 Pyrenees 94 detachment faults Reynolds-Anmatjira Ranges 254 Himalaya 94 Tibet 94
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