GSA TODAY • Southeastern Section Meeting, P

Home , Horseshoe Bend (Arizona), Hussey (crater)

Vol. 7, No. 1 January 1997 INSIDE • Presidential Address, p. 7 GSA TODAY • Southeastern Section Meeting, p. 22 A Publication of the Geological Society of America • Annual Meeting Recap, p. 36 Rodinia to Gondwana: The Geodynamic Map of Gondwana Supercontinent Assembly

Raphael Unrug Department of Geological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435

ABSTRACT The new Geodynamic Map of Gond- wana Supercontinent Assembly provides insight into the Neoproterozoic breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent that existed from 1000 to 725 Ma, and the subsequent amalgamation of Gond- wanaland. Breakout of Laurentia from Rodinia at 725 Ma marks the reorganiza- tion of lithospheric plate motions that resulted in the Pan African–Brasiliano orogeny and assembly of Gondwana- land that lasted from 725 to 500 Ma.

INTRODUCTION The Geodynamic Map of Gondwana Supercontinent Assembly1 at a scale of 1:10 million was first presented at the 30th International Geological Congress, in Beijing, in August 1996. The map is a Figure 1. Reconstruction of Gondwanaland after 500 Ma and index map for Neoproterozoic mobile joint endeavor of International Geological belts of Gondwanaland. Mobile belts include collisional and transpressional orogens and aulacogens. Correlation Program Project 288 “Gond- Aulacogens are aborted rifts, undeformed to mildly deformed, terminating inside cratons. Gray = Archean- wanaland Sutures and Fold Belts” (data- Paleoproterozoic cratons (pre–1600 Ma); green = Mesoproterozoic (1600–100 Ma) mobile belts; Neo- base generation), the Council for Geo- proterozoic (1000–440 Ma) orogens in red, and aulacogens in white with red stipple; geodynamic provinces peripheral to Gondwanaland in shades of blue. Mobile belt index: 1—Mauretanides, 2— science, Pretoria, South Africa (Geographic Bassarides, 3—Rokelides, 4—Anti-Atlas, 5—Ougarta aulacogen, 6—Trans-Saharan, 7—Tibesti, 8—Gourma Information Systems [GIS] and digital car- aulacogen, 9—Dahomeides, 10—Nigeria-Cameroon, 11—Borborema, 12—Sergipe-Oubanguide, 13— tography), and the Bureau de Recherches East African, 14—Araguaia, 15—Goias, 16—Brasilia, 17—Paramirim aulacogen, 18—Araçuai, 19—West Géologiques et Minières, Orléans, France Congo, 20—Sangha aulacogen, 21—Tucavaca aulacogen, 22—Paraguay-Cordoba, 23—Pampean Ranges, (printing). It contains original contribu- 23a—Northern Patagonia, 24—Ribeira, 25—Rio Doce, 26—Dom Feliciano, 27—Kaoko, 28—Damara, 29— Lufilian, 30—Kundelungu aulacogen, 30a—Bukoban aulacogen, 31—Zambezi, 32—Gariep, 33—Saldania, tions by 67 coauthors from 11 countries. 34—Beardmore, 35—Pinjarra, 36—Adelaide, 37—Paterson-Peterman Ranges. GIS and digital cartography were managed by L. G. Wolmarans (CGS). The Editorial Committee included: C. Castaing (BRGM), J. L. Feybesse (BRGM), P. G. Gresse (CGS), tion of the mobile belts that suture the belts across modern oceans provided a C. McA. Powell (UWA), G. R. Sadowski cratons within Gondwanaland. means for reconstruction of superconti- (USP), L. Tack (MRAC), and R. Unrug nent assembly by geodynamic interpreta- (WSU) (see p. 5). GEODYNAMIC MAP SETUP AND tion of depositional, igneous, tectonic, Here I present the basis for construct- PHILOSOPHY and metamorphic events. Recognition of ing the geodynamic map from which the The objective of the Geodynamic Map the role played by Laurentia in the assem- index and summary maps, Figures 1–3, of Gondwana Supercontinent Assembly is to bly and breakup of Rodinia—the precursor were derived, and the synoptic insights present a synthesis of the accretion of supercontinent to Gondwanaland—and gleaned from the cartographic visualiza- Gondwanaland, which is composed of the application of lithotectonic terrane lithospheric plates that traveled large dis- concepts to the better studied Neoprotero- tances during the Neoproterozoic (1000 to zoic mobile belts added complexity to the 1R. Unrug, editor, 1996, scale 1:10 million, 545 Ma). Latitudinal movements of the geodynamic interpretation. four sheets, total dimensions 1,950 x 1,250 mm, 19 colors; published by Bureau de Recherches cratons that resided within Gondwana Chronostratigraphic limits for subdi- Géologiques et Minières, US$50. Order from: were determined from paleomagnetic vision of the Proterozoic period into Meso- Editions BRGM, Ave. Claude Guillemin, BP 6009, data, and their relative movements were proterozoic (1600 to 1000 Ma) and Neo- F-45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France, fax 33-2-38-64- inferred from events registered in mobile proterozoic (1000 Ma to the start of the 36-82, or Director, Council for Geoscience, Private Bag X112, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Attn.: Infor- belts in the reconstituted supercontinent. mation Division, fax 27-12-841-1221. Intercontinental correlations of mobile Map continued on p. 2 IN THIS ISSUE January GSA TODAY Rodinia to Gondwana: GSA Bulletin Update ...... 20 Vol. 7, No. 1 1997 The Geodynamic Map of Gondwana GSA On The Web ...... 21 Supercontinent Assembly ...... 1 GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173) is published Award Nomination Summary ...... 21 monthly by The Geological Society of America, Inc., Research Grant Alternates ...... 6 Southeastern Section Meeting ...... 22 with offices at 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado. Why the Journals Are Late ...... 6 Mailing address: P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301- Bulletin and Geology Contents ...... 28 9140, U.S.A. Periodicals postage paid at Boulder, Col- 1996 Presidential Address ...... 7 Congressional Science Fellowship ...... 29 orado, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: GSAF Update ...... 12 Send address changes to GSA Today, Membership Ser- In Memoriam ...... 29 vices, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140. Officers and Councilors for 1997 ...... 14 Calendar ...... 30 Copyright © 1997, The Geological Society of America, Washington Report ...... 15 GSA Meetings ...... 31 Inc. (GSA). All rights reserved. Copyright not claimed on Congressional Science Fellow Report: content prepared wholly by U.S. Government employees The Bucks Start Here ...... 16 1997 GeoVentures ...... 32 within the scope of their employment. Permission is granted to individuals to photocopy freely all items other Division Officers for 1997 ...... 17 1996 Annual Meeting ...... 36 than the science articles to further science and educa- Environment Matters ...... 18 Classifieds ...... 38 tion. Individual scientists are hereby granted permission, without royalties or further requests, to make unlimited Wanted: Mentors in Applied Geology . . . 18 New Geology Co-Editor ...... 40 photocopies of the science articles for use in classrooms to further education and science, and to make up to five copies for distribution to associates in the furtherance of science; permission is granted to make more than five photocopies for other noncommercial, nonprofit pur- Map continued from p. 1 and anorogenic magmatic suites. Symbols poses furthering science and education upon payment for metamorphic rock units show foliation of the appropriate fee ($0.25 per page) directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 27 Congress Street, Salem, Cambrian) periods follow the time scale trends, nature of protoliths, and metamor- Massachusetts 01970, phone (508) 744-3350 (when approved by the International Union of phic facies. Structural symbols indicate paying, reference GSA Today, ISSN 1052-5173). Written Geological Sciences (IUGS). The beginning plate margins, faults, structural trends of permission is required from GSA for all other forms of capture, reproduction, and/or distribution of any item in of the Cambrian Period is taken as ~545 folds and foliation, and tectonic transport this publication by any means. GSA provides this and Ma for correlation of chronometric and directions. other forums for the presentation of diverse opinions geologic time scales (Plumb, 1990; and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of their race, citizenship, gender, religion, or political viewpoint. Brasier et al., 1994). GONDWANALAND QUESTIONS Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect offi- Archean to Paleoproterozoic (pre– Neoproterozoic organization of conti- cial positions of the Society. 1600 Ma) cratons that rode the moving nental crust into large supercontinents is lithospheric plates, but underwent no the subject of ongoing debate, and various SUBSCRIPTIONS for 1997 calendar year: Society Members: GSA Today is provided as part of member- deformation during Mesoproterozoic, models are evolving as new data become ship dues. Contact Membership Services at (800) 472- Neoproterozoic, and Paleozoic orogenies available (Powell, 1993; Dalziel, 1991; 1988 or (303) 447-2020 for membership information. are considered passive elements of the Trompette, 1994; Stern, 1994; Rogers et al., Nonmembers & Institutions: Free with paid subscription to both GSA Bulletin and Geology, otherwise Gondwanaland jigsaw puzzle. No struc- 1995b; Unrug, 1995; Yoshida, 1995). The $50 for U.S., Canada, and Mexico; $60 elsewhere. tural details are shown in these cratons, main questions are: Were there one or Contact Subscription Services. Single copies may be except for Mesoproterozoic and Neopro- more Neoproterozoic supercontinents, requested from Publication Sales. Also available on an annual CD-ROM, (with GSA Bulletin, Geology, GSA Data terozoic cover units, intracratonic basins, and when did they (it) form and break Repository, and an Electronic Retrospective Index to jour- and cratonic marginal foreland basins. up? How were the older cratons arranged nal articles from 1972). Members order from Member- Structural reactivation and rejuvenation within these supercontinents? Where are ship Services; others contact subscriptions coordinator. Claims: For nonreceipt or for damaged copies, mem- of cratonic basement near younger mobile the sutures marking closure of oceans? bers contact Membership Services; all others contact belts are indicated by special symbols. No Was there a collision between East and Subscription Services. Claims are honored for one year; geologic details are shown in post-Triassic West Gondwanaland? please allow sufficient delivery time for overseas copies, up to six months. cover postdating collisional and accre- The following discussion of the tionary events related to Gondwanaland events that resulted in the agglomeration STAFF: Prepared from contributions from the GSA assembly. of Gondwanaland presents a balanced staff and membership. The mobile belts are shown in as opinion, worked out during compilation Executive Director: Donald M. Davidson, Jr. much detail as practicable at the map of the Geodynamic Map, of the map Edito- Science Editor: Suzanne M. Kay Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, scale. Ages of rock units at supergroup, rial Committee. The map was compiled Ithaca, NY 14853 group, suite, and complex rank are shown from regional contributions by authors Forum Editor: Bruce F. Molnia in color and grouped in two-geon inter- currently or recently active in research in U.S. Geological Survey, MS 917, National Center, Reston, VA 22092 vals (200 Ma) for the Mesoproterozoic and the various parts of Gondwanaland. The Managing Editor: Faith Rogers one-geon (100 Ma) intervals for the Neo- availability of data along the individual Production & Marketing Manager: James R. Clark proterozoic and Paleozoic. Locations of mobile belts varies dramatically, with Production Editor and Coordinator: Joan E. Manly Graphics Production: Joan E. Manly, Adam S. McNally small igneous intrusions, ophiolitic some African belts having been studied sequences, eclogites, mafic to ultramafic in the most detail. In poorly understood ADVERTISING metamorphic tectonites, glaciogenic sedi- regions, relatively scarce reliable data Classifieds and display: contact Ann Crawford ments, and regions of thermal rejuvena- have been combined with results several (303) 447-2020; fax 303-447-1133 tion that are important for map interpreta- decades old. To simplify and focus descrip- Issues of this publication are available as electronic tion but too small for cartographic tions on major super-regional relation- Acrobat files for free download from GSA’s Web Site. They can be viewed and printed on various personal presentation are shown by special sym- ships, diachronous rifting and collisional computer operating systems: MSDOS, MSWindows, bols. Lithology of sedimentary rock units events along the margins of older cratons Macintosh, and Unix, using the appropriate Acrobat of supergroup and group rank and pro- have been grouped. The synthesis pre- reader. The readers are widely available, free, including from GSA at: http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/index.htm. toliths of metasedimentary rocks are sented here, founded on the database gen- shown with symbols indicating basin clas- erated by the map’s co-authors, is offered This publication is included on GSA’s annual CD-ROM, GSA Journals on Compact Disc. Call GSA Publication sification: rift, passive or active margin, to invigorate debate on important ques- Sales for details. oceanic, foreland, molasse, and aulacogen. tions of Neoproterozoic geodynamic Printed in U.S.A., using pure soy inks and recyclable Symbols for igneous rock units indicate evolution of continental crust. paper. rift-related, synorogenic, postorogenic,

2 GSA TODAY, January 1997 RODINIA BREAKUP AND THE begun by 830 Ma. Correlative sediments eastern margins of the West African, EARLY NEOPROTEROZOIC PAN- were deposited in central Australian basins Amazonian, and Rio de la Plata cratons THALASSAN OCEAN whose margins were later deformed in (Trompette, 1994). The Adamastor ocean Gondwanaland originated during an intracontinental mobile belt at 600 to opened between the Kalahari, Congo, the Neoproterozoic Pan-African–Brasiliano 550 Ma (Myers et al., 1994; Powell et al., Saõ Francisco, and Rio de la Plata cratons, orogeny that resulted in ocean closures 1994). In the Ross orogen of East Antarc- and a side branch extended between the and rearrangement, collision, and suturing tica, rifting starting at about 750 Ma Kalahari and Congo cratons. Rifting that of the older continental crustal fragments (Stump, 1995) led to deposition of a is dated at 900 to 800 Ma occurred along that constituted the Archean-Mesoprotero- passive margin sequence. the western margin of the Kalahari craton zoic cratons (Fig. 1). The latter were pro- Rifting is also documented in the (P. G. Gresse in Powell, 1993). duced by breakup of the precursor super- deformed corridor between the Kalahari Subduction also occurred during this continent Rodinia which has been and Congo cratons of Africa. In this period. Juvenile crust formed in early Neo- reconstructed according to the SWEAT region, transtensional and transpressive proterozoic magmatic arcs has been recog- (Southwest United States–East Antarctic events occurred successively as a series of nized in the East African orogenic belt in connection) hypothesis (Moores 1991; younging-to-the-east rift basins formed the Arabian-Nubian shield, in the Trans- Dalziel, 1991; Hoffman, 1991). The assem- between 1100 and 950 Ma (Unrug, 1995). Saharan belt, and at the margins of the bly of Rodinia occurred by amalgamation In the Lurio shear zone in the Mozam- South American Amazonian and Rio de la of Archean-Paleoproterozoic cratons in bique orogen, post-tectonic magmatism Plata cratons. A long history of Neopro- collisions that produced late Mesoprotero- lasted until 850 Ma (Pinna et al., 1993). terozoic magmatic-arc collisions and large- zoic (1300 to 1000 Ma) mobile belts (Fig. This shear zone extends into the Zambezi scale additions of juvenile crust is recorded 2). These pericratonic orogenic belts belt rift basin, which opened at 880 Ma in the northern East African orogenic belt formed a continuous system (Harris, 1995; and was deformed at 820 Ma (Barton et (Stern, 1994). The Trans-Saharan belt con- Sadowski and Bettencourt, 1996). Trunca- al., 1993; Wilson et al., 1993). tains Neoproterozoic calc-alkaline mag- tions of these Mesoproterozoic orogens Latest Mesoproterozoic–early Neopro- matic arcs with ages of 870 to 840 Ma along younger continental margins form terozoic events are also recognized in the (pre–Pan-African; see below), 750 to 665 the “piercing points” used to pinpoint southern segment of the East African oro- Ma, and 650 to 570 Ma that are related orogenic belt continuations and mark rela- gen. Separation of the Congo and the con- to east-dipping subduction zones (Black tive positions of older cratons in the tiguous East Sahara cratons from Rodinia et al., 1994). At the eastern margin of the Rodinia reconstruction (Dalziel, 1992). started at about 1200 Ma, as did the evolu- South American Rio de la Plata craton, The North American craton, Laurentia, tion of the sedimentary basin in Kenya. By polyphase magmatic activity in the Pelotas linked with Siberia (Condie and Rosen, 820 Ma, a passive margin was developing composite batholith started with arc mag- 1994) forms the central keystone of east of the Tanganyika shield of the Congo matism at 850 to 830 Ma (review in Rodinia. Locations of the North China craton, and migmatization, early collision, Trompette, 1994). In the Dom Feliciano and South China cratonic blocks are from ophiolite emplacement, and metamor- orogen on the eastern side of the Rio de la Li et al. (1995, 1996). phism were occurring in the Kenyan seg- Plata craton, the Villa Nova belt contains The reconstruction of Rodinia in Fig- ment of the East African orogen (Shackle- early Neoproterozoic juvenile crust (Babin- ure 2 accounts for all pre-Mesoproterozoic ton, 1986; Mosley, 1993). In the northern ski et al., 1996). In the South American continental crust and Mesoproterozoic East African orogen, bimodal rift-related Goias massif, southeast of the Amazonian orogens except for the small Archean magmatism has been dated at 870 to 840 craton, protoliths of orthogneisses have crustal blocks of Tarim, Lut, and central Ma in the Nubian shield and at 880 Ma in crystallization ages of 899 Ma and Iran. These blocks were presumably part the Arabian shield (review in Stern, 1994). metavolcanic rocks have ages of 929 of Rodinia, but their relative positions are In the Borborema tectonic province to 877 Ma and 764 Ma (Pimentel and unknown. Thus, Rodinia was a Pangean- of northeastern South America, wide- Fuck, 1992). size supercontinent, and the rest of Earth’s spread rifting at about 1000 Ma (Van surface was covered by a Panthalassan-size Schmus et al., 1995) affected a large region PAN-AFRICAN–BRASILIANO ocean. of crust. The affected crust contains some OROGENY AND GONDWANALAND Archean inliers, but was principally ASSEMBLY EARLY NEOPROTEROZOIC EVENTS formed during the Paleoproterozoic The Pan-African–Brasiliano orogenic AND THE BREAKUP OF RODINIA Amazonian and Eburnean orogenies. belts (red belts in Fig. 1; Fig. 3) mark the Events between 1000 and 720 Ma The continuity of South American Neo- collisional zones between the continental that postdated the assembly and predated proterozoic mobile belts across the pieces that reassembled to form the the breakup of Rodinia included wide- Atlantic and the rifting ages of 800 Ma in Gondwanaland supercontinent after the spread shearing and tectonic escape, post- the northern Cameroon region (Toteu et breakup of Rodinia. In the first stage of tectonic magmatism, extension, rifting, al., 1987) suggest that this general rifting this breakup, Laurentia separated from the and intracontinental mobile belt forma- was a long-lasting event. Some of the far- eastern Australia–East Antarctica rifted tion. The evolution of most western traveled terranes of the West African margin of the part of Rodinia that later Gondwanaland Neoproterozoic sedimen- Tuareg shield, whose positions in Rodinia became East Gondwanaland. As Laurentia tary basins can be traced to crustal exten- are unclear, have Archean or Eburnean drifted away, it pushed the cluster of Ama- sion and rifting predating the breakup of basement ages and early Neoproterozoic zonian–West African–Rio de la Plata cra- Rodinia. The breakaway of Laurentia from passive margin sequences (Black and Lié- tons (Fig. 2) away from East Gondwana- East Antarctica and Australia which began gois,. 1993) consistent with their having land. These cratons later collided, creating the disintegration of Rodinia by cutting rifted from Rodinia during this event. the Pan-African–Brasiliano orogenic belts the supercontinent in half (see Fig. 2) and Late Mesoproterozoic to early Neo- of West Gondwanaland (Fig. 3). creating the Pacific Ocean, is dated at 725 proterozoic rifting events reconfigured the Most of the Pan-African–Brasiliano Ma by paleomagnetic data (Powell et al., global oceanic realm. The large Arabian- orogenic belts were formed between 725 1994). Some of the important events pre- Nubian and Pharusian oceans opened (in Ma and 500 Ma by collisional events ceding this breakup are summarized below modern coordinates) east and west, respec- resulting from the convergence of litho- and their results shown in Figure 2. tively, of the Congo–East Sahara–Nile spheric microplates created by the breakup In Australia, formation of rift and sag craton cluster (Fig. 2). Passive margins basins in the Adelaide “geosyncline” had developed at about 1000 Ma along the Map continued on p. 4

GSA TODAY, January 1997 3 Map continued from p. 3 of Rodinia (Fig. 3). One of the principal belts, the East African orogen (13 in Fig. 1; see Fig. 3), contains the Arabian shield onto which several ensimatic and continental terranes were accreted between 715 and 630 Ma (Stoeser and Camp, 1985). Accretion ages of terranes in Yemen (Windley et al., 1996) are probably similar. Farther south in Tanzania, granulite metamorphism associated with crustal thicken- ing related to collision is dated at 715 to 652 Ma (review in Stern, 1994). In the Aïr region of the Trans-Saharan orogenic belt (6 in Fig. 1), collision related to a west-dipping subduction zone is indicated by magmatic rocks with ages of 730 to 700 Ma (Liégeois et al., 1994). A collision of the West African craton with the terrane agglomeration of the Trans-Saharan belt (6 in Fig. 1) at 600 Ma has been recognized Figure 2. Reconstruction of Rodinia showing early Neoproterozoic events (1000 to 700 Ma). The mag- by Black et al. (1994). In the Bassarides matic arcs and microplates in the Arabian-Nubian and Pharusian oceans are schematic. Medium gray and Mauretanides mobile belts (1 and 2 in is East Gondwanaland. Green is Mesoproterozoic mobile belts suturing older cratons in Rodinia. Other Fig. 1) at the western margin of the West colors indicate ages of early Neoproterozoic mobile belts and basins. Abbreviations of cratonic names: African craton, collision is dated at 660 to BDK—Bundelkhand, G—Grunehogna, GA—Gawler, NA—North Australia, R—Rockall Plateau, SC—South China, SF—Saõ Francisco, WA—West Australia. 650 Ma. A younger collisional event in the Anti-Atlas (4 in Fig. 1) is dated at 620 to 600 Ma (Villeneuve et al., 1993). Mobile belts of South America and equatorial and western side of East Gondwanaland. East lier, extension-dominated Neoproterozoic southern Africa show diachronous colli- Gondwanaland, comprising Australia, East events related to the breakup of Rodinia. sions: 700 Ma in the Dom Feliciano belt Antarctica, India, and part of Madagascar The assembly of Gondwanaland was (26 in Fig. 1; Fernandes et al., 1992), 630 (compare Figs. 1 and 3), formed a stable complete by earliest Paleozoic time. There to 620 Ma in the Ribeira and Oubanguides Gondwanaland nucleus, which was sub- could have been a short time in the latest belt (12 and 24 in Fig. 1; Tassinari and jected only to intracratonic deformation. Neoproterozoic when Laurentia, still Campos Neto, 1988; Penaye et al., 1993), The authors of the map suggest that joined with Siberia and Baltica, was in 560 to 530 Ma in the Rio Doce belt (25 in the term “Pan-African–Brasiliano orogeny” contact with the Amazonian and Rio de la Fig. 1; Campos Neto and Figueredo, 1995), be applied only to the collisional events Plata cratons, which were already part of and 590 Ma in the Damara belt (28 in that led to the suturing of West Gond- West Gondwanaland. This combination Fig. 1; K. H. Hoffmann, 1992, personal wanaland. The term should not be for ear- would form the short-lived supercontinent commun.). Trompette (1994) drew attention to a second generation of West Gondwanaland mobile belts that originated as post- Rodinian break-up rifts after 650 Ma and underwent compressional or transpressional deformation at about 550 Ma. These belts include the Western Africa Rokelide belt (3 in Fig. 1), which formed by dextral shearing between the Amazo- nian and West African cratons, and the South American Araguaia(?)-Paraguay- Cordoba belts (14 and 22 in Fig. 1) where authors of the Geodynamic Map recognize oceanic crustal and metasedimentary sequences. The Paraguay-Cordoba belt contains a polyphase-deformed, cratonic marginal basin that was intruded by late- tectonic granites at 550 to 500 Ma. The concept of a single collision between East and West Gondwanaland in the Neoproterozoic appears to be an over- simplification. During the assembly of West Gondwanaland, several lithospheric plates carrying large cratons and a number of smaller lithotectonic terranes were tele- Figure 3. Map showing East Gonwanaland (medium gray), assembly of West Gondwanaland (light gray) from 700 to 500 Ma, and possible Pannotian supercontinent. Pan-African–Brasiliano mobile belts scoped (Fig. 3). This resulted in closures of within and on the margins of assembling West Gondwanaland. The Pannotia supercontinent could have intervening oceanic basins, and sequential existed briefly after the agglomeration of West Gondwanaland and the assembly of Gondwanaland, and docking of the terranes onto an evolving before Laurentia separated from the Baltica, Amazonia, and Rio de la Plata cratons. Symbols for geody- Neoproterozoic tectonic collage on the namic classification of belts and craton abbreviations as in Figure 2.

4 GSA TODAY, January 1997 called Pannotia (see Powell, 1955). Panno- margin, whereas rifting was occurring in Bartlett, J. M., Harris, N. W. B., Hawkesworth, C. J., and Santosh, M., 1995, New isotope constraints on the tia would have to have been destroyed by the Avalonian-Cadomian and Cimmerian crustal evolution of South India and Pan-African gran- about 540 Ma, when the Iapetus ocean provinces (Nance and Murphy, 1994; Met- ulite metamorphism, in Yoshida, M., and Santosh, M., formed as Laurentia separated from the calfe, 1993). The Ross-Delamerian mag- eds., India and Antarctica during the Precambrian: Geological Society of India Memoir 34, p. 391–397. Baltica, Amazonian, and Rio de la Plata matic arc was active along eastern Aus- Barton, C. M., Carney, J. N., Crow, M. J., Evans, J. A., cratons (Fig. 3). tralia and East Antarctica, and the and Simango, S., 1993, Geological and structural frame- Lachlan-Thomson accretionary-magmatic work of the Zambezi Belt, northeastern Zimbabwe, in LATE- TO POSTOROGENIC EVENTS arc assemblage was forming offshore Aus- Findlay, R. H., et al., eds., Gondwana eight: Assembly, evolution and dispersal: Rotterdam, Netherlands, Widespread late- to postorogenic tralia. West of the South American Rio de Balkema, p. 55–68. magmatism, shearing and lateral tectonic la Plata craton, a complex exchange of ter- Black, R., and Liégeois, J. P, 1993, Cratons, mobile belts, escape and major uplift resulting in deep ranes between the Amazonian craton and alkaline rocks and continental lithospheric mantle: The exhumation of mobile belts are salient fea- Laurentia resulted in the formation of the Pan African testimony: Geological Society of London tures in all of Gondwanaland including Famatinian collisional orogen and the Journal, v. 150, p. 89–98. the Himalayan basement of greater India. transfer of the Precordillera terrane from Black, R., Latouche, L., Liégeois, J. P., Caby, R., and Bertrand, J. M., 1994, Pan-African displaced terranes in These features are generally attributed to Laurentia to Gondwana (Dalla Salda et al., the Tuareg shield (central Sahara): Geology, v. 22, a major thermal event that lasted into the 1993). The Pampean exotic terrane and p. 641–644. Cambrian-Ordovician and led to wide- the Arequipa terrane were possibly Brasier, M., Cowie, J., and Taylor, M., 1994, Decision on spread resetting of isotopic ages. In the detached from the western margin of the the Precambrian-Cambrian stratotype: Episodes, v. 17, Antarctic shield, which apparently had Amazonian craton (Ramos, 1996), follow- p. 3–8. been stable since the Mesoproterozoic ing the late Neoproterozoic breakup of Campos Neto, M. C., and Figueredo, M. C. H., 1995, The Rio Doce orogeny, southeastern Brazil: Journal of consolidation of Rodinia, Stüwe and San- Laurentia and Amazonia. South American Earth Sciences, v. 8, p. 143–162. diford (1993) have attributed this thermal Condie, K. C., and Rosen, O. M., 1994, Laurentia-Siberia event to underplating by asthenospheric- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS connection revisited: Geology, v. 22, p. 168–170. 2 derived basaltic magmas and related heat I thank co-authors and members of Dalla Salda, L., Varela, R., and Cingolani, C., 1993, advection. In northern Africa, where wide the editorial committee for their contribu- Sobre la colisión de Laurentia-Sudamérica y el orogeno Neoproterozoic mobile belts developed in tions to the Geodynamic Map of Gondwana Famatinian: Congreso Geológico Argentino XII y Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocárburos II, Actas, the Tuareg and Arabian-Nubian shields Supercontinent Assembly. The Bureau de t. III, p. 358–366. and partial dismemberment of the inter- Recherches Géologiques et Minières Dalziel, I. W. D., 1991, Pacific margins of Laurentia vening East Saharan–Nile craton occurred (France), British Geological Survey, Coun- and East Antarctica–Australia as a conjugate rift pair: during the Pan-African orogeny (Schan- cil for Geosciences (South Africa), Instituto Evidence and implications for an Eocambrian supercon- delmeier et al., 1994), late- to postorogenic de Geociencias, Universidade de Saõ Paulo tinent: Geology, v. 19, p. 598–601. effects are attributed to lithospheric man- (Brazil), Museé Royal de l’Afrique Centrale Dalziel, I. W. D., 1992, On the organization of Ameri- can plates in the Neoproterozoic and the breakout of tle delamination following collision of (Belgium), and University of Western Aus- Laurentia: GSA Today, v. 2, p. 237, 240–241. lithospheric plates. This delamination is tralia provided essential help in many Fernandes, L. A. D., Tommasi, A., and Porcher, C. C., suggested to result in thinning or elimina- phases of the project. I thank R. J. Stern, 1992, Deformation patterns in the southern Brazilian tion of the lithospheric mechanical V. Ramos, and D. Rowley for reviews. branch of the Dom Feliciano belt: A reappraisal: Journal boundary layer, recycling of upper-mantle This is a contribution to IGCP Project 288. of South American Earth Sciences, v. 5, p. 77–96. material in the asthenosphere, and direct Harris, L. B., 1995, Correlation between the Albany, Fraser and Darling mobile belts of Western Australia contact of crust with upwelling astheno- REFERENCES CITED and Mirnyy to Windmill Islands in the east Antarctic Babinski, M., Chemale F., Jr., Hartmann, L. A., Van sphere (Black and Liégeois, 1993). shield: Implications for Proterozoic Gondwanaland Schmus, W. R., and da Silva, L. C., 1996, Juvenile A late Precambrian–early Paleozoic accretion at 750–700 Ma in southern Brazil: Geology, suture between East and West Gondwana- v. 24, p. 439–442. Map continued on p. 6 land that extended from East Africa into the Sør Rondane Mountains of East Antarctica has been suggested by Rogers et al. (1995a). This suggestion is based on 2 Co-authors: M. G. Abdel Salam (UTD), A. C. Ajibade (FUT), R. Baleeiro (USP), K. A. Bracchi (SMU), H. radiometric ages of 550 to 450 Ma for Bahlburg (UH), B. B. de Brito Neves (USP), R. Black (CNRS), J. M. Bertrand (CNRS), J. Bossi (UMU), R. Caby (CNRS), J. N. Carney (BGS), C. Castaing (BRGM), C. Cingolani (ULP), D. I. Cole (CFG), M. Costa (ACT), granulite formation and for mylonites that G. V. Dal Piaz (UP), L. Dalla Salda (ULP), I. W. D. Dalziel (UTA), G. De Kock (CFG), J. Delhal (MRAC), D. occur in a belt extending from the East Delvaux (MRAC), J. L. Feybesse (BRGM), J. W. Goodge (SMU), P. G. Gresse (CFG), P. B. Groenewald (UNP), African orogen into Madagascar, southern R. E. Hanson (TCU), I. W. Hälbich (US), L. B. Harris (UWA), R. J. Korsch (AGSO), I. Kusnir (CNART), India, Sri Lanka, and East Antarctica. This L. Latouche (CNRS), J. Lavreau (MRAC), J. P. Liégeois (MRAC), M. Litherland (BGS), R. Machado (USP), W. McCourt (BGS), P. Mosley (BGS), J. S. Myers (WADME), L. Ortiz (ULP), A. J. Parker (CA), C. McA. Powell suture is controversial; others argue that (UWA), D. Pérez (UBA), D. Piper (BGS), P. Pitfield (BGS), M. N. Rees (ULV), J. J. W. Rogers (UNC), G. R. Sad- Neoproterozoic to earliest Paleozoic struc- owski (USP), R. Sacchi (UT), H. Schandelmeier (TUB), R. D. Shaw (AGSO), J. Sheraton (AGSO), A. Pereira tural events in Dronning Maud Land in Sousa (USP), R. J. Stern (UTD), D. B. Stoeser (USGS), C. Stowe (UCT), M. Sultan (WU), L. Tack (MRAC), Antarctica are minor (Moyes et al., 1993), C. G. Tassinari (USP), W. Texeira (USP), K. Theunissen (MRAC), A. Thomas Filho (USP), R. J. Thomas (CGS), R. Tingey (AGSO), A. Uhlein (UFMG), R. Unrug (WSU), M. Villeneuve (CNRS), G. Vujovich (UBA), T. J. and that metamorphism in the Sør Ron- Wilson (OSU). dane Mountains and formation of anhy- Consultants: C. J. H. Hartnady (UCT), D. R. Nance (OU), H. Porada (UG), R. Trompette (UM). drous, high-temperature charnockites in Affiliations: ACT—Atwater Co., Torino, Italy; AGSO—Australian Geological Survey Organisation; BGS— southern India at about 500 Ma are better British Geological Survey; BRGM—Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, France; C—Consultant, Australia; CGS—Council for Geosciences, South Africa; CNRS—Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, attributed to a distensional or transcurrent France; CNART—Centre National d’Appui à la Recherche, Republique du Tchad; FUT—Federal University tectonic regime and lithospheric mantle of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; MRAC—Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Belgium; OSU—Ohio State Uni- delamination (Yoshida, 1995; Bartlett et versity; SMU—Southern Methodist University, Texas; TCU—Texas Christian University; TUB—Technische al., 1995). Universität, Berlin, Germany; UBA—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; UFMG—Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, Brazil; UG—Universität Göttingen Germany; UH—Universität Heidelberg, Germany; ULP—Universidad de la Plata, Argentina; ULV—University of Nevada, Las Vegas; UM—Université PACIFIC MARGIN OF de Marseilles, France; UMU—Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; UNC—University of GONDWANALAND North Carolina, Chapel Hill; UNP—University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; UP—Università By Paleozoic time, the locus of geody- degli Studi di Padova, Italy; US—University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; USGS—U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado; USP—Universidade de Saõ Paulo, Brazil; UT—Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy; namic activity had shifted to the margins UTA—University of Texas at Austin; UTC—University of Cape Town, South Africa; UTD—University of of Gondwanaland. Accretionary processes Texas at Dallas; UWA—University of Western Australia, Perth; WADME—Western Australia Dept. Minerals were dominant on the Pacific and Iapetus and Energy, Perth; WSU—Wright State University, Ohio; WU—Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.

GSA TODAY, January 1997 5 Map continued from p. 5 growth and tectogenesis and superimposed Pan African Stump, E., 1995, The Ross Orogen of the Transantarctic (800-550 Ma) tectonism: Precambrian Research, v. 62, Mountains: New York, Cambridge University Press, reconstruction, in Yoshida, M., and Santosh, M., eds., p. 1–59. 284 p. India and Antarctica during the Precambrian: Plumb, K. A., 1990, New Precambrian time scale: Stüwe, K., and Sandiford, M., 1993, A preliminary Geological Society of India Memoir 34, p. 47–71. Episodes, v. 14, p. 139–140. model for the 500 Ma event in the East Antarctic Shield, in Findlay, R. H., et al., eds., Gondwana eight: Hoffman, P. F., 1991, Did the breakout of Laurentia Powell, C. McA., 1993, Assembly of Gondwanaland— Assembly, evolution and dispersal: Rotterdam, Nether- turn Gondwanaland inside-out?: Science, v. 252, Open forum, in Findlay, R. H., et al., eds., Gondwana lands, Balkema, p. 125–130. p. 1409–1412. eight: Assembly, evolution and dispersal: Rotterdam, Li, Z. X., Zhang, L., and Powell, C. McA., 1995, South Netherlands, Balkema, p. 218–237. Tassinari, C. C. G., and Campos Neto, M. C., 1988, Pre- cambrian continental crust evolution of southeastern China in Rodinia: Part of the missing link between Powell, C. McA., 1995, Are Neoproterozoic glacial Saõ Paulo State, Brazil, based on isotopic evidence: Australia–East Antarctica and Laurentia?: Geology, deposits preserved on the margin of Laurentia related to Geochimica Brasiliensis, v. 2, p. 175–183. v. 23, p. 407–410. fragmentation of two supercontinents?: Geology, v. 23, Li, Z. X., Zhang, L., and Powell, C. McA., 1996, Position p. 1053–1054. Toteu, S. F., Michard, A., Bertrand, J. M., and Rocci, G., 1987, U/Pb dating of Precambrian rocks from northern of the East Asian cratons in Neoproterozoic superconti- Powell, C. McA., Li, Z. X., McElhinny, M. W., Meert, Cameroon, orogenic evolution and chronology of the nent Rodinia, in Li, Z. X., et al., eds., Breakup of Rodinia J. G., and Park, J. K., 1994, Paleomagnetic constraints Pan-African belt of central Africa: Precambrian and Gondwanaland and Assembly of Asia: Australian on timing of the Neoproterozoic breakup of Rodinia Research, v. 37, p. 71–87. Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 43, p. 1–20. and the Cambrian formation of Gondwana: Geology, Liégeois, J. P., Black, R., Navez, J., and Latouche, L., v. 22, p. 889–892. Trompette, R., 1994, Geology of western Gondwana: Rotterdam, Netherlands, Balkema, 350 p. 1994, Early and late Pan-African orogenies in the Aïr Ramos, V., 1996, Laurentian Gondwanan connections: assembly of terranes, Tuareg shield, Niger: Precambrian A South American perspective: International Geological Unrug, R., 1995, Rodinia and Gondwana: A record Research, v. 67, p. 59–88. Congress, 30th, Beijing, China, Abstracts, v. 1, p. 497. of supercontinent configuration change, in Yoshida, M., and Santosh, M., eds., India and Antarctica during Metcalfe, I., 1993, Southeast Asian terranes: Gondwana- Rogers, J. J. W., Miller, J. S., and Clements, A. S., 1995a, the Precambrian: Geological Society of India Memoir 34, land origins and evolution, in Findlay, R. H., et al., eds., A Pan-African zone linking East and West Gondwana, p. 1–9. Gondwana eight: Assembly, evolution and dispersal: in Yoshida, M., and Santosh, M., eds., India and Antarc- Rotterdam, Netherlands, Balkema, p. 181–200. tica during the Precambrian: Geological Society of India Van Schmus, W. R., Brito Neves, B. B., Hackspacher, P., Moores, E. M., 1991, Southwest U.S.–East Antarctic Memoir 34, p. 11–23. and Babinski, M., 1995, U/Pb and Sm/Nd geochrono- logic studies of the eastern Borborema Province, north- (SWEAT) connection: A hypothesis: Geology, v. 19, Rogers, J. J. W., Unrug, R., and Sultan, M., 1995b, Tec- eastern Brazil: Initial conclusions: Journal of South p. 425–428. tonic assembly of Gondwana: Journal of Geodynamics, American Earth Sciences, v. 8, p. 267–288. Mosley, P., 1993, Geological evolution of the late Pro- v. 19, p. 1–34. Villeneuve, M., Cornée, J. J., and Müller, J., 1993, Oro- terozoic “Mozambique Belt” of Kenya: Tectonophysics, Sadowski, G. R., and Bettencourt, J. S., 1996, Mesopro- genic belts, sutures and block faulting on the north- v. 221, p. 223–250. terozoic tectonic correlations between eastern Laurentia western Gondwana margin, in Findlay, R. H., et al., and the western Border of the Amazon Craton: Precam- Moyes, A. B., Barton, J. M., and Groenewald, P. B., eds., Gondwana eight: Assembly, evolution, and disper- brian Research, v. 76, p. 213–227. 1993, Late Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic tectonism in sal: Rotterdam, Netherlands, Balkema, p. 43–54. Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica: Supercontinental Schandelmeier, H., Wipfler, E., Küster, D., Sultan, M., Wilson, T. J., Hanson, R. E., and Wardlaw, M. S., 1993, fragmentation and amalgamation: Geological Society of Becker, R., Stern, R. J., and Abdelsalam, M. G., 1994, Late Proterozoic evolution of the Zambezi belt, Zambia: London Journal, v. 150, p. 833–842. Atmur-Delgo suture: A Neoproterozoic oceanic basin Implications for regional Pan-African tectonics and extending into the interior of northeast Africa: Geol- Myers, J. S., Shaw, R. D., and Tyler, I. M., 1994, Protero- shear displacements in Gondwana, in Findlay, R. H., ogy, v. 22, p. 563–566. zoic tectonic evolution of Australia: International et al., eds., Gondwana eight: Assembly, evolution and Gondwana Symposium, 9th, and Australian Geological Shackleton, R. M., 1986, Precambrian plate tectonics of dispersal: Rotterdam, Netherlands, Balkema, p. 69–82. Convention, 12th: Geological Society of Australia eastern Gondwana: Società Geologia Italiana, Memorie, Windley, B. F., Whitehouse, M. J., and Ba-Btatt, M. A. O., Abstracts, no. 37, p. 312. v. 31, p. 343–350. 1996, Early Precambrian gneiss terranes and Pan- Nance, R. D., and Murphy, J. B., 1994, Contrasting Stern, R. J., 1994, Arc assembly and continental African island arcs in Yemen: Crustal accretion of the basement isotopic signatures and the palinspastic collision in the Neoproterozoic East African orogen: eastern Arabian Shield: Geology, v. 24, p. 131–134. restoration of peripheral orogens: Example from the Implications for the consolidation of Gondwanaland: Yoshida, M., 1995, Assembly of East Gondwanaland Neoproterozoic Avalonian-Cadomian belt: Geology, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science, v. 22, during the Mesoproterozoic and its rejuvenation during v. 22, p. 617–620. p. 319–351. the Pan-African period, in Yoshida, M., and Santosh, Penaye, J., Toteu, S. F., Van Schmus, W. R., and Nzenti, Stoeser, D. B., and Camp, V. E., 1985, Pan-African M., eds., India and Antarctica during the Precambrian: J. P., 1993, U-Pb and Sm-Nd preliminary geochrono- microplate accretion of the Arabian Shield: Geological Geological Society of India Memoir 34, p. 25–45. logic data on the Yaundé series, Cameroon: Reinterpre- Society of America Bulletin, v. 96, p. 817–826. tation of the granulitic rocks as the suture of a collision Manuscript received September 10, 1996; revision received ■ in the “Centrafrican” belt: Académie des Sciences October 23, 1996; accepted November 11, 1996 (Paris), Comptes Rendus, sér. 2, v. 318, p. 789–794. Pimentel, M. M., and Fuck, R. A., 1992, Neoproterozoic crustal accretion in central Brazil: Geology, v. 20, p. 375–379. Each month, GSA Today features a short science article on current topics of general inter- Pinna, P., Jourde, G., Calvez, J. Y., Mroz, J. P., and Mar- est. For guidelines on submitting an article, contact GSA Today Science Editor S. M. Kay, ques, J. M., 1993, The Mozambique belt in northern Cornell University, (607)255-4701, fax 607-254-4780, E-mail: [email protected]. Mozambique: Neoproterozoic (1100–850 Ma) crustal

Alternates Receive 1996 Student Why the Journals Research Grants Are Late Each year when the Committee on Research Grants selects student grant recipients, they Changes in the editorial-and-production also select an alternate group of recipients in the event that some of the grantees return processing of the GSA Bulletin have part or all of their funds because they have received funding elsewhere or have changed resulted in delayed publication time for their research plans. As the returned funds become available, they are re-awarded by the the journal. The Bulletin and Geology are Research Grants Administrator to the alternates named by the committee. grouped for mailing, to take advantage of significant savings on packaging, pro- In 1996 ten alternates received funding following the initial awarding of grants. They cessing, and postage rates; thus, both are: Daniel A. Cenderelli, Colorado State University; Ziqiang Chen, Florida State Univer- journals were mailed late for November, sity; Tina M. Dochat, University of Wisconsin—Madison; Ruifang He, University of Que- December, and January. We are working bec—Chicoutimi; Emmanuelle Javaux, Dalhousie University; Rynn M. Lamb, Western to get the Bulletin back on schedule, and Washington University; Richard Allyn Meyers, University of Calgary; James R. Ostdick, we hope to mail it, as well as Geology, on California State University—Bakersfield; Andrew John Willis, University of Toronto; and their regular dates (typically, within the Adam D. Woods, University of Southern California. first ten days of the month) in March.

6 GSA TODAY, January 1997 1996 Presidential Address essential. How much money could have been saved, for example, if the builders of dams or highways or flood-control sys- Geology and Culture: A Call for Action tems had factored geology into their plans? How can our own perception be so Eldridge M. Moores, GSA President, 1996 different from that of the rest of society? What can we do to remedy this situation? My own journey into several of these issues began a couple of years ago with a There is a tide in the affairs of men [and women], question from writer John McPhee: “Why Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune. is there so little knowledge of geology on the part of the public as a whole, and why Omitted, all the voyage of their life is so little taught in schools when the sub- Is bound in shallows and in miseries. ject is so interesting?” What follows is a progress report of what I have learned on —W. Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, IV, iii, 217 this journey. It includes brief overviews of the history of science education, relations between earth science and culture, between geological thought and society, INTRODUCTION 3. Society in general is moving (or has and the present-day situation and what moved) toward two separate groups, one The delivery date of this address, we might do about it. science literate, of which we are a part, October 28, 1996, was the 5999th anniver- and the other science illiterate and sary, or thereabouts, of the alleged cre- HISTORY OF SCIENCE EDUCATION increasingly in the thrall of religious fun- ation of the Earth. So think roughly half IN THE UNITED STATES damentalism, of whatever stripe. This lat- of U.S. citizens. I mention this not to criti- ter group is growing in numbers and polit- The present U.S. organization of sci- cize these people or Bishop Ussher, who ical influence and views much of what we ence education stems from the effort a first published the estimate, but to indi- do as anathema (geological time, environ- century ago (National Education Associa- cate the gulf in perception separating us mental considerations, renewable vs. non- tion, 1894) to institute a systematic set of as geoscientists from many other people renewable resources, etc.) expectations for secondary school educa- as we approach the milennium. 4. Many other sciences speak much tion. This committee was the brainchild of The last half century has been a more consistently with a single voice or Charles Fielding Eliot, long-time president golden age for geology, a time of major at least a coordinated public stance; geo- of Harvard and one of the giant figures in scientific revolutions (e.g., plate tectonics, sciences by contrast are like a covey of U.S. education in the late 19th and early Earth in space, organic evolution, imag- quail—going in all directions. 20th centuries. Eliot’s efforts led to the ing). And there are still many exciting The problem, however, is larger than establishment of a Committee of Ten to questions left to be answered. Many of just geosciences. The “social contract” oversee the development of lists of subject us came of age scientifically in the post- between science and the public, which matter that should be taught in classes in Sputnik era when jobs and funding for has been in effect since the end of World grades 9 through 12. The committee’s rec- research were abundant, and geology War II, is ending (Byerlee and Pilke, 1995). ommendations are the foundation of the was caught up in the excitement of these In the future the scientific community curriculum still taught in high school. In revolutions. will have to make it more clear how its science, the recommendations were “geog- Times have changed, however. Many research benefits society (e.g., Moores, raphy” in the 9th grade, botany or zool- younger members of our society were 1996). Funding for research and develop- ogy in the 10th grade, chemistry in the attracted to the field by the excitement ment in the United States may be cut 11th, and physics in the 12th. “Geogra- of the revolutionary developments and some 30%, regardless of which party is in phy” was a mixture of physical geography, the perceived career opportunities, but control in Washington. Similar situations geology, and meteorology. The subcom- now they face a declining job and research in Australia, Canada, the UK, and France mittee that formulated the recommenda- funds pool. Many geologists from gov- indicate the international scope of the tions on “geography” included one cur- ernment organizations, academia, and problem. rent and two future GSA presidents—T. C. industry have faced disruption of careers Furthermore, as funds become more Chamberlain (1894), I. C. Russell (1906), or underemployment as downsizing has scarce, many universities and colleges are and W. M. Davis (1911). hit and the projected shortage of advanced seeking to downsize. One of the most As teaching developed in the early degree holders did not materialize. vulnerable departments seems to be, para- 20th century, “geography” was replaced It had been my intention to present doxically, the local geoscience depart- by general science, including not only a talk on pure science as my presidential ment, which is viewed by many adminis- physical geography, geology, and meteo- address. However, events have conspired trations, apparently, as “irrelevant” in an rology, but also astronomy, biology, chem- against such a presentation. The last year era of tight money. This past year, I have istry, physics, and health (Frank Eierton, has seen the continuation of an ongoing written, as GSA President, two letters to written communication, 1995). Biology crisis in geology of sufficient severity to college administrators (one unsuccessful) replaced botany and zoology. make any preoccupation with pure science in support of departments theatened with In 1894, geology was at the peak of its akin to fiddling while Rome burns. abolition, and there have been others 19th century development (Baker, 1996). Manifestations of this crisis include: (e.g., Feiss, 1996). After all, this time followed publication of 1. There is very little knowledge of How can the geosciences possibly be Darwin’s Origin of Species (1859), and the the geosciences among the public as a seen as irrelevant in view of their central- exploration of the western United States whole (as indicated above), although there ity to resolution of problems of the envi- and Canada in the previous several seems to be a great hunger for knowledge ronment, resource limitation, and global decades. Yet geology was marginalized in on the part of many nonscientists. carrying capacity that face society as a science education. Why? I speculate that 2. There seems to be little knowledge whole? Our collective perception is that or appreciation of geoscience in Washing- geosciences are not only exciting, but also ton in general and Congress in particular. Presidential continued on p. 8

GSA TODAY, January 1997 7 Figure 2. Diagram of brain, showing possible Figure 1. Attitudes of U.S. adults about science relationship between hands and thought pro- (after National Science Board, 1996). cesses (after Edwards, 1979). Figure 3. Spatial IQ and music (after Rauscher et al., 1993).

Presidential continued from p. 7 Guthrie Tait, said that Kelvin had “removed the blinders from the eyes of top, geology somewhere on the slope, and geology may have been suffering from the geologists and (set) them back on the social sciences on the bottom. This situa- some sort of “Kelvin effect.” At the time of path to truth” (Albritten, 1980, p. 190). tion was enhanced by the Manhattan pro- deliberations of the Committee of Ten, The subsequent discovery of radioactivity, ject, which spawned the Faustian bargain geologists were locked in a controversy of course, meant that Kelvin’s calculations among scientists, government, and the with Lord Kelvin and his followers about were off by a factor of about 50 to 500, military leading to the era of “big science,” the age of Earth. Assuming all the heat and that the intuitive, semiquantitative and the now-defunct social contract from Earth was left over from its accretion, geologic estimates were more accurate between science and society. Kelvin calculated that Earth was about 100 than his mathematical “proof.” As a result, an entire century’s worth million years old and possibly not more The Committee of Ten did its work of students have grown up with no com- than 10 m.y. Many geologists—e.g., T. H. at a time when geology was under a cloud, prehensive view of science and with little Huxley—argued that it was much older. in both the science community and the or no knowledge of Earth. Despite efforts The debate received wide attention in public. Its recommendations and the by the American Geological Institute and both the scientific community and the Kelvin debate have resonated throughout others beginning in 1959, geology has public press. Kelvin greatly disparaged the the 20th century in the development of a never received the attention in primary opinion of geoscientists, who could not reductionist (science separated into com- and secondary school education that it quantify their intuitive notion for a much ponent parts with no overarching view deserves. GSA’s own SAGE (Science Aware- older Earth. Kelvin also argued that only of the whole), hierarchical (one field more ness through Geoscience Education) pro- knowledge expressible in numbers was sci- “worthy” than another; “pure” better than gram is making great strides and has many ence, a restatement of Descartes’ dictum “applied”; Alvarez, 1991; Baker, 1996) programs for increasing geoscience aware- that knowledge must be “certain,” and system of science education and science ness. The problem is huge, however, and preferably expressed quantitatively (Frode- establishment, a “pecking order” in sci- SAGE can’t do it all. We all need to get man, 1996). One of his cohorts, Peter ence, with mathematics and physics at the involved.

Figure 4. Per capita energy consumption vs. population (after Hatcher, 1994).

Figure 5. Comparison of total resource consumption at present for United States (normalized to 1) and Brazil, China, India, and Indonesia (BCII) (left column), and projected consumption assuming BCII consumption of 1/4 U.S. consumption and constant population (after Zen, 1995)

8 GSA TODAY, January 1997 EARTH AND CULTURE nize that humans developed from earlier GEOLOGY, SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY, species of animals (National Science AND SOCIETY This separation of human thought Board, 1996; Fig. 1). Most people, when from the earth is a relatively new phe- I believe that it is precisely this point asked, remember their science education nomenon, historically. Earth plays a where the gulf between the scientific and as “fear and loathing and dead frogs,” as prominent role in many indigenous nonscientific community originates. one wag put it. I believe that this lack of cultures. For example, Semken and Mor- Mather’s point is generally ignored by knowledge of and aversion to science is a gan (1996) and Murray (1996) outlined many scientists who argue that science is direct result of the reductionist-hierarchi- the relation between Diné (Navajo) and detached from other fields and basically cal system of education. This system has Cree traditions and geology. Legends of amoral or “premoral” (Sarewitz, 1996, p. failed us. a Mother Earth Goddess are abundant 102). One can argue, however, that scien- The reductionist-hierarchical practice in Europe and Asia. Greek mythology tific inquiry makes a moral judgment sim- of science has given us much new knowl- includes a battle between Hercules and ply in its choice of topics to investigate. edge of interest and societal importance, Antaeus, the son of Gaia, the earth god- Also, such items of ethics are important— and there are many new results to be dess. As long as Antaeus could maintain in fact, GSA is sponsoring a conference anticipated. It has produced, however, contact with the earth, he was unbeatable. on the subject in summer 1997. an increasingly specialized science culture, Only when Hercules held him above his We are all familiar with the standard characterized by a series of disciplines that head was that contact broken, so that Her- scientific method: i.e., statement of prob- are “fragmented into little islands of near cules was able to vanquish his opponent. lem, hypothesis, experiment, and analysis, conformity surrounded by interdisci- The moral for modern humans is that we the so-called “analytic philosophy” of plinary oceans of ignorance” (Ziman, should “keep our feet on the ground,” philosophers of science (Frodeman, 1995). 1996). With regard to critical science- and maintain our kinship with the earth Application to societal problems of knowl- policy issues, it has outlived its usefulness. (Mather, 1986). edge thus gained is widely thought to be One result has been that “willful igno- The relation between indigenous cul- linear, specifically by generation of new rance of the increasingly convoluted tural traditions and myths and the earth knowledge, search for applications, devel- nexus between science, technology, and implies an almost subconscious need for a opment of specific products, and intro- society seems to be a theme of modern connection with the earth on the part of duction of products into society. This culture” (Sarewitz, 1996, p. 175). humans everywhere. This is in accord with widespread view is not, however, the way I believe that these misunderstand- my own experience. As a result of John that things happen. Science and technol- ings and attitudes are dangerous for an McPhee’s best seller, Assembling California ogy are inextricably intertwined, as are increasingly global society needing sci- (McPhee, 1993), I have heard many com- basic and applied research. We geoscien- ence-based solutions to its problems. ments about geology from nonscientists, tists have lots of experience with such Also, I suspect that this state of affairs and I have developed something of a sec- interconnections, which seem foreign to exists approximately in proportion to ond (mostly volunteer) career taking non- some other scientists. Furthermore, sci- the lack of geoscience in the educational scientists on field trips. This experience ence and technology are “entirely symbi- system. has shown me that there is a great deal of otic … with economics, politics, and cul- The gulf between our understanding interest, even hunger, for geologic knowl- ture” (Sarewitz, 1996, p. 97). Widespread of Earth history and processes and that edge on the part of the average person. disregard of this point by practitioners of of our fellow citizens, many of whom are Many regret not having had geology in science leads to trouble, such as the failure deeply religious, is also of concern. This school. Furthermore, if you ask the aver- of ambitious basic research proposals, the is analogous to the problem of “two cul- age 3rd grader what (s)he is interested in, disparity between claims for societal bene- tures,” first enumerated by Snow (1959). the answer typically includes dirt, rocks, fits of basic scientific research and the Kirtley Fletcher Mather provided some volcanoes, earthquakes, dinosaurs. People actual results, and the dwindling political insight into this issue. Mather was an early are naturally attracted to the earth and are support for science. 20th century geologist, a Harvard profes- very interested in their surroundings— Any scientific inquiry includes the sor, a lifelong evolutionist, Baptist, advisor they need a sense of place. processes of deduction, induction, or, as to Scopes in his famous trial, and social Yet most of us live in urban areas sur- in geology, a combination of both. Argu- activist (Bork, 1994). Mather clearly saw rounded by our own edifices and out of ments that science is strictly rational, and no conflict between his devout Christian contact with nature. Traditionally, teach- nonintuitive do not specify, however, how beliefs and his acceptance of evolution. ers have been ill-prepared to teach science; the deduction or induction is to take His philosophy (Mather, 1986) gives guid- what little is taught is esoteric, not earth- place. Both processes depend upon the ance in how to bridge the gulf between based, and hard to apply to daily life. Cer- nonrational, nonlogical creativity, imagi- the two cultures. tainly, there is no overarching view of the nation, and intuition of the scientist. The Mather argued that there are two natural world. What is the result? Though “Eureka!” of a scientific leap of insight is kinds of knowledge: (1) measurable in people generally express faith in the abil- key to the progress of science, but it is a space and time, or “scientific,” and (2) ity of science to solve societal problems, fundamentally nonlogical, intuitive pro- qualitative, or “spiritual,” which is subject ignorance of science is widespread—only cess. This process of insight unites the to evaluation but inherently unmeasur- 6% of U.S. adults are “science literate” work of scientists and artists. Mather able in space and time. Spiritual knowl- (Sarewitz, 1996) and some 64% are science (1986) likened it to religious revelation. edge includes aspects of knowledge such illiterate (Fig. 1). Some geology deals with the study of as beauty, awe, reverence, ethics, righ- Most people’s knowledge of science is active processes on and within Earth and teousness, loyalty, creativity, and spotty and idiosyncratic, which probably other planetary bodies. One can perform, integrity. Mather states that both kinds accounts for the growing frustration of say, geochemical experiments in the labo- of knowledge are necessary for wisdom. the public with the claims of scientists. ratory or seismic experiments in the field He further posits that there is a funda- Furthermore, popular conceptions about and arrive at quantitative explanatory mental need for grounding of culture in Earth history are shocking—approxi- models of the process in question. This the earth, a grounding that is generally mately 50% believe that Earth is less than part of geology thus resembles the analytic lacking today. 10,000 years old; only 48% recognize that method of science as practiced by, say, the earliest humans and dinosaurs did not live at the same time; and only 44% recog- Presidential continued on p. 10

GSA TODAY, January 1997 9 Presidential continued from p. 9 students’ spatial acuity (Fig. 3). I salute the tectonic, imaging, and planetary explo- many geoscientists who are active or frus- ration revolutions fit most readily within chemists and physicists. Of course, any trated artists and musicians. Playing classi- this category. Ironically, all modern revo- geoscientist knows that Earth is much cal music in laboratory sessions might well lutions are stepchildren of the Cold War. more complex than any model, and improve the efficiency of the students’ All of these parts of geology are includes many nonlinear, time-dependent, learning processes. active, exciting fields of inquiry. All are and overlapping processes (e.g., Zen, integral to issues of global science–policy 1993), and that the criterion of a good THE SITUATION TODAY relations. The public finds these all very model is that it is testable, not that it is interesting when they are informed about Vannevar Bush’s1 (1945) concept of right. them. the “endless frontier” was an extension of Geology is also historical. We are the Baconian dictum “nature to be com- interested not only in ongoing processes, WHAT TO DO? manded must be obeyed,” which itself was but the history of those processes through an outgrowth of the Biblical admonish- If we agree that we need a scientifi- time. For this information, we are depen- ment that humanity must seek to domi- cally literate population and that geo- dent on the incomplete, mute, geologic nate nature (Sarewitz, 1996). We may science is central to culture, to the out- record. Because much of this record is indeed be in a true crisis in the sense of standing policy dilemmas facing the world missing, much of the historical aspect of Kuhn (1970) if the old paradigm that community today, and to the develop- geologic inquiry is intrinsically not quan- describes the interaction of policy and sci- ment of science literacy, then we need to tifiable. That doesn’t make it less worthy ence is no longer valid, and a new one act. When Mao Tse-tung took over in Bei- or less interesting, despite Kelvin’s com- must be found. The new paradigm may be jing in 1949, he allegedly said, “China has ments to the contrary. However, in such “sustainable development” or “sustainabil- stood up.” Regardless of how one views situations, insight depends upon the intu- ity,” defined as “meeting the development events of the past 48 years, China is no ition of the geologist. Piecing together needs of the present without compromis- longer “sleeping,” as Napoleon allegedly geologic history relies upon consideration ing the ability of future generations to described it. As with China, it is time for of many aspects of the problem in a holis- meet their own needs” (Sarewitz, 1996, the geosciences to stand up and assert tic, all-encompassing manner. p. 193). In other words, we must live ourselves. We need to: In these ways, geologic inquiry within our means, with an eye toward 1. Get our message across to the rest of the differs from the purely analytic method future generations. If this paradigm takes science and policy communities. We have of inquiry. Geologists look at an entire hold, society will have come full circle a lot to offer: a perspective on the whole complex system, Earth, in a way that is in our Biblically mandated journey away Earth, a sense of ongoing processes, and a partly quantitative, but also partly intu- from our close connection with the earth, distinctive philosophy of inquiry uniquely itive and involving value judgments. and will have returned to a position suited to application to societal problems. Frodeman (1995) argued that the philoso- resembling that of traditional Native 2. Get geoscience education in the phy thus developed is not a derivative of American and other indigenous cultures, schools, starting right down at the kinder- the more conventional (analytic) philoso- as mentioned above. garten level. Here, SAGE has made a good phy of physical science, but is a unique Geoscience today falls perhaps into start. Predictions are for a need for more method of inquiry in its own right, more three distinct areas, all of which depend than 100,000 K–12 teachers in the next suited to application to societal problems on the same data, but which interest three decade. It would be great if many of these than “mainstream” analytic philosophy. quite different communities. All these new teachers had geoscience backgrounds. The geologic philosophy certainly is well areas fundamentally deal with the instan- The recently published proposed national suited to analysis of the complex inter- taneous rates of processes integrated over standards for K–12 education (National connected system that constitutes the varying intervals of the geologic time Research Council, 1996), including earth environment. Furthermore, complex sci- scale. All of these are global in their reach sciences, are a promising development in ence-policy issues such as nuclear waste and bear on the issue of sustainability and national recognition of a role for earth sci- isolation, toxic waste disposal, global carrying capacity: ence in K–12 education. These new stan- climate change, or resource extraction 1. Active surface, near surface, and dards are going to need close attention require balancing of scientific information internal processes. These include hazard and advocacy at the local level if they are with nonscientific issues values such as assessment and prediction, sustainable to be adopted. It is time for all of us in the ethics, aesthetics, equity, and ideology. In interaction with the environment, geohy- geoscience community to get involved. other words, these issues involve integra- drology, soil formation and erosion, cli- 3. Develop adult education classes in gen- tion of scientific knowledge with Mather’s mate change, volcanism, and any other eral geology and the relationship between “spiritual knowledge.” (Harry Hess, 1963 active process that enables us to interpret geology and the problems facing society. GSA president, and John Maxwell, 1973 history. 4. Offer field trips to local sites, wherever GSA president, observed from their World 2. Natural resource exploration and they might be. Explain to your audience War II experiences that geologists were exploitation. Here the basic modus operandi that the landscape is there for a reason well suited to intelligence activities has not changed very much over the past and tell them how it got there. Talk about because they were accustomed to looking century or so except for the application of geologic time.2 at a whole situation and were comfortable increasingly sensitive and efficient imag- 5. Develop the ability to explain how basic making decisions on incomplete or other- ing, exploration, and extractive technolo- research might have societal benefit. This wise faulty information.) gies to compensate for the declining rich- is not easy. It requires being able to con- Geologic instruction also shares ingre- ness of deposits, the regulatory framework dients with some instruction in the arts. of exploitation, the increasingly interna- Two key ingredients common in both Presidential continued on p. 11 tional (exo–North America) nature of artistic and geological education are think- activity, and the increasing environmental ing in three dimensions and teaching stu- awareness of the extractive industries. 2I like to use a 1 mm equals one year analogy. Work out dents to see things that were always there 3. Earth history, from astronomy–solar the distances for a human lifetime (1 dm = 4 inches), but that they had not seen before. They 1000 yrs (one meter), all of recorded human history system origin to present day. The plate are probably right-brain activities (see Fig. (10,000 years max = 10 m), the K/T boundary (65 km = 35 mi), etc. (The age of Earth is about the number of 2) . Rauscher et al. (1993) have shown that millimeters from New York to San Francisco, Vancou- a short exposure to Mozart can increase 1Science advisor to Presidents Roosevelt and Truman. ver to Montreal, or Prince Rupert to Mexico City).

10 GSA TODAY, January 1997 Presidential continued from p. 10 working with primary and secondary edu- Baker, V., 1996, The geological approach to understanding the environment: GSA Today, v. 6, no. 3, p. 41–43. cators, especially in areas of rural or urban Bork, K. B., 1994, Cracking rocks and defending democ- dense a comprehensive scientific descrip- poverty. racy : Kirtley Fletcher Mather , scientist, teacher, social tion into jargon-free but representative 10. Work for more effective integration of activist, 1888–1978: San Francisco, American Associa- one-liners (see Moores, 1996, for one basic and applied research perspectives. tion for the Advancement of Science Pacific Division, recent attempt). It will also mean remov- Because GSA includes individuals active in 336 p. ing one’s pure-research blinders from time both the extractive and environmental Bush, V., 1945, Science, the endless frontier: Washing- ton, D.C., Office of Scientific Research and Develop- to time, even attempting to formulate fields and industries, we can provide soci- ment (reprinted by National Science Foundation, 1960). one’s proposed new research with an eye ety a perspective on bringing together Byerly, R., and Pilke, R. A., 1995, The changing ecology toward possible societal benefit. Another these disparate points of view to focus on of United States science: Science, v. 269, p. 1531–1532. useful technique may be a narrative-logic the problem of sustainable development. Dressler, A., 1996, Exploration and the search for ori- approach, communicating in a series of Accomplishing this task of getting gins: A vision for ultraviolet-optical-infrared space scenarios (Frodeman, 1996). our place in the sun will not be easy. It astronomy: Washington, D.C., Association of Universi- ties for Research in Astronomy, Report of the HST and 6. We could take a page from the may meet resistance from individuals Beyond Committee, 89 p. from fields higher in the “science pecking astronomers. They are united in their Edwards, B., 1979, Drawing on the right side of the stance toward the public, in contrast to order” attached to the more conventional brain: New York, St. Martin’s Press. the geoscientists, and they work at popu- scientific point of view. But the potential Feiss, P. G., 1996, The survival of academic geology larizing their science. For example, a rewards for our field in terms of public programs: GSA Today, v. 6, no. 1, p. 16–17. recent NASA publication on proposed awareness, acceptance, and support, as well Frodeman, R., 1995, Geological reasoning: Geology future exploration (Dressler, 1996), begins as for society as a whole, are profound. as an interpretive and historical science: Geological with a section entitled “Astronomy: Its Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, p. 960–968. Rewards for Science and Society.” In this FINAL THOUGHTS Frodeman, R., 1996, The rhetoric of science: GSA Today, v. 6, no. 8, p. 12–13. section, Dressler stated (p. 2), “Astronomy In the global society to which we all is inspirational. Of all the sciences it Hatcher, R. D., Jr., 1994, Is our past the key to our are rushing, sustainability and Earth’s car- future? (GSA Presidential Address): GSA Today, v. 4, remains the most accessible and approach- rying capacity are critical issues. North p. 67–69. able.” I would dispute this statement. Geo- American per capita resource use and Kuhn, T. S., 1970, The structure of scientific revolu- science is also inspirational and arguably tions: Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 210 p. waste generation are much greater than more accessible and approachable. After for any other region (Fig. 4). Zen (1993, Mather, K., 1986, The permissive universe: Albu- all, we stand on Earth. It is up to us to make querque, University of New Mexico Press, 213 p. 1995) pointed out the implications of this this point. McPhee, J., 1993, Assembling California: New York, when he examined the prospect of devel- 7. Those of us who have the aptitude and Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 304 p. oping nations coming up to the North necessary fortitude can get involved in the Moores, 1996, Societal benefit of basic research: GSA American comsumptive levels. Bringing public and political arena. Here, GSA’s Today, v. 6, no. 8, p. 19–21. only four countries—Brazil, China, India, Institute for Environmental Education Murray, J., 1996, Of pipestone, thunderbird nests, and and Indonesia, which together aggregate ilmenite: Ethnogeology, myth, and the renaming of a (IEE) can help. It has provided media about 40% of Earth’s 5.5 billion people— world: Geological Society of America Abstracts with workshops and is developing a Geology Programs, v. 28, no. 4, p. 34. up to one-quarter of the U.S. per capita and Environment Public Outreach Pro- level of consumption would double or triple National Education Association, 1894, Report of the gram (GEPOP) of individuals who are Committee of Ten on secondary school studies, with the environmental load on Earth. It does- capable of effective interaction with policy the Reports of the conferences arranged by the commit- n’t seem possible. Yet, who are we to per- tee: New York, American Book Company, 240 p. makers. suade these countries not to strive for National Research Council, 1996, National science edu- 8. Institute college curricula that empha- what we have? Society somehow needs to cation standards: Washington, D.C., National Academy size global geoscience as a general science Press, 262 p. work out a way for these and other coun- major for people intending to go on into tries to prosper without environmental National Science Board, 1996, Science and engineering such fields as law, teaching, or business. indicators—1996: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government ruination and to find a way ourselves to Such a course of study ideally would Printing Office, 352 p. prosper with less draw on Earth’s involve development of a different set of Rauscher, F. H., Shaw, G. L, and Ky, K. N., 1993, Music resources. We geoscientists can help in this and spatial task performance: Nature, v. 365, p. 611. courses from those required of geology quest. Geoscience should become the central majors. It could be quite popular and bene- Sarewitz, D., 1996, Frontiers of illusion: Science, science of the 21st century! Let’s get going! technology, and the politics of progress: Philadelphia, ficial. It would help to build the science-lit- Temple University Press, 235 p. erate populace that we need. In addition, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Semken, S., and Morgan, F., 1996, Navajo pedagogy in view of the need for additional K–12 and earth systems: Geological Society of America teachers in the next decade, it’s potentially I thank all the hard-working and tal- Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, no. 4, p. 38. a good way to increase student enroll- ented GSA staff with whom I’ve had the Snow, C. P., 1959, The two cultures and the scientific ments in geology courses, and to reduce pleasure of working for the past 15 years revolution: New York, Cambridge University Press, 58 p. the pressure on geoscience departments for and especially for the past year. J. Moores, Zen, E-An, 1993, The citizen geologist, (GSA Presiden- tial Address): GSA Today, p. 2–3. downsizing or elimination. P. Rock, D. Sarewitz, and E-An Zen pro- Zen, E-An, 1995, Geosphere Alliance Committee seeks 9. Develop a Society-wide program vided helpful comments on an earlier input and action from GSA members: GSA Today, v. 5, to internationalize and to increase our draft of this address. Janice Fong crafted p. 100. diversity. Geology is increasingly global in the illustrations. Ziman, J., 1996, Is science losing its objectivity?: scope, and this should be reflected in Soci- Nature, v. 382, p. 751–754. ■ ety activities. In addition, geoscience is REFERENCES CITED one of the least diverse professions. Albritten, C. C., Jr., 1980, The abyss of time: San Fran- Increasing diversity is not only a question cisco, Freeman, Cooper & Company, 251 p. of simple equity, but also a way to develop Alvarez, W. S., 1991, The gentle art of scientific tres- a more accurate world-view of outstanding passing: GSA Today, v. 1, p. 29–31, 34. problems than we currently possess. This is a difficult task and will require a care- fully constructed, multifaceted approach,

GSA TODAY, January 1997 11 GSAF UPDATE

Valerie G. Brown, Director of Development, GSA Foundation

From the Ground Up Foundation’s mission means in practical Ear to the Ground terms: The Geological Society of America • improving public awareness and appreci- Mankin Reelected GSAF Chairman Foundation exists to fund research, stu- ation of the breadth and relevance of the Convening at the October 1996 GSA dent support, public education, and other geosciences, Annual Meeting, the Trustees of the GSA programs the Society believes are neces- • and generating interest in formal educa- Foundation tapped Charles J. Mankin to sary to advance the science of geology, the tional emphasis on the geosciences, serve another term as chairman. Charlie scientific growth and development of its • in order that geologists be accorded the joined the board in 1987 and has played a members, and the application of geology respect and voice they deserve—and that key role in the increase of gift revenue to to the wise use of Earth. the public deserves—in discussions and the Foundation. As we turn the page to a new year, the decisions about the thoughtful explo- Well known among GSA members, he Foundation’s mission bears repeating and ration and management of all planetary enjoys widespread recognition as a force- remembering. We are reminded almost resources. ful spokesman for the earth sciences both daily of the sad state of the sciences in In short, earth science education has in government and in industry. In addi- America. The Third International Mathe- never been more critical. The future tion to GSA, Charlie is active in Sigma matics and Science Study, which com- requires a population of informed citizens Gamma Epsilon, the American Association pared a representative sample of 13-year- and committed geoscientists prepared to of Petroleum Geologists, and the Ameri- old students from 41 countries, showed meet the coming challenges in thoughtful can Insitute of Professional Geologists. American students scoring slightly above and creative ways. the average in math and slightly below the Your support of GSA’s programs is Bailly Retires from GSAF Board average in sciences (testing physics, chem- equally critical. In another survey, measur- Longtime GSA leader Paul Bailly istry, life sciences, and earth sciences). The ing philanthropic trends in the United retired from the Foundation Board of good news is that the earth sciences were States, the Gallup organization found that Trustees upon completing a five-year term included in the study! the average donations of those who give last October. Paul’s list of contributions to are increasing. The bad news is that fewer his profession is outstanding. He is a past Recently seen on a bumper sticker: people are giving. In this environment, a president of GSA and of the Society of Eco- REMEMBER— new commission headed by former Secre- nomic Geologists. He was the American MOTHER NATURE BATS LAST tary of Education Lamar Alexander is Institute of Mining Engineers Henry In his address at the GSA Annual exploring philanthropy and its impor- Krumb lecturer and received that organiza- Meeting, 1996 President Eldridge Moores tance in American culture. One aim of the tion’s Jackling Award. He has also served asked his audience to consider why the commission is to determine the feasibility on advisory committees for the Colorado geosciences are not a central focus of of ending government involvement in School of Mines, Stanford University, and national attention and education in view community institutions and filling the the University of Minnesota. of their intrinsic relation to the problems void with private charity. Possessing extensive national and of environment, resources, and global To all who are involved with organi- international business and leadership carrying capacity that face humankind. zations such as GSA, this study is but the experience, Paul brought to his trusteeship The country’s scientific groups and next indicator that changes are under important perspectives in the geological organizations productively serve their own way and that we must take much more sciences and industries. His dedication to interests by defining what they can con- seriously our responsibilities to the educa- the Foundation’s programs and activities tribute to remedies. This, then, is what the tional and service programs we value. merit heartfelt praise and appreciation. ■

Donors to the Foundation—October 1996

Claude C. Albritton Stephen W. Wheatcraft* Roy C. Kepferle Engineering Geology Sarah E. Newcomb Memorial John C. Kraft Award Thomas E. Pickett Cady Award Doak C. Cox Christina Lochman-Balk Robert E. Barnett M. William Pullen Arthur D. Howard John C. Kraft Richard H. Mahard* Helen L. Delano Fund Rolfe D. Mandel Allan V. Cox Student John J. Prucha Duane A. Eversoll Robert B. Hall Arthur A. Socolow Scholarship Award Ruth A. M. Schmidt* Richard E. Gray Richard H. Mahard* Gary D. Acton B. Charlotte Schreiber* Robert A. Larson* Antoinette Lierman Kurt Servos* Laurie Brown James Edward Slosson* Medlin Scholarship Shirley Dreiss Paul E. Damon Charles W. Welby* Hydrogeology Award Award Memorial John W. Geissman Paul A. Manera Bruce R. Doe Maryellen Cameron* GEOSTAR Katherine J. Howard Biggs Excellence in Michael E. Campana John George Cabrera Institute for James W. McDougall Earth Science George M. Hornberger* James Channing Cole* Environmental Education Fund Lorence G. Collins* Education Birdsall Award Dwornik Planetary Erlece P. Allen John H. Weitz* Genevieve Atwood J. Matthew Davis Geoscience Award Hiromitsu Yamagishi Victor R. Baker* Alan E. Fryar Doris M. Curtis James W. Head III Richard A. Zimmermann John A. Black Mary C. Hill Memorial Odette B. James Debra C. Colodner Virgil E. Barnes Randy L. Korotev History of Geology *Century Plus Roster Alton A. Brown* George E. McGill Award Donors (gifts of $150 or more). Dorothy J. Echols David B. Stewart Donald M. Hoskins* continued on p. 13

12 GSA TODAY, January 1997 On a cliff-edge, Hoover Mackin suggested a GSA Foundation reason for the geology exposed. I concurred. 3300 Penrose Place He almost knocked me off the cliff. “You know P.O. Box 9140 better—give me another reason!” Hoover was Boulder, CO 80301 an avid proponenet of multiple hypotheses. (303) 447-2020 —Howard H. Waldron [email protected]

Donors Ruth A. M. Schmidt* Enclosed is my contribution in the amount of $______. continued from p. 12 Kurt Servos* Please add my name to the Century Plus Roster (gifts of $150 or more). Howard G. Wilshire S. Lawrence Dingman Please credit my gift to the ______Fund. John W. Rold Penrose Conferences Ruth A. M. Schmidt* William R. Holman PLEASE PRINT W. Arthur White Gary M. Ingram , Richard A. Zimmermann Y. W. Isachsen Name ______International Publications Fund Address ______Division Award William C. Overstreet City/State/ZIP ______John Joseph Rip Rapp Gallagher, Jr.* Archaeological Phone ______Pembroke J. Hart* Geology Award Susan M. Morrice John P. Albanese Brian J. Skinner William R. Farrand Ian S. Carmichael M. Charles Gilbert* J. Kaspar Arbenz John C. Frye Bruce “Biff” Reed Thomas J. Carrington Monica E. Gowan Alvin L. Backlund, Jr. Environmental Scholarship Andrew S. Cohen Charles G. Groat* Gordon C. Baird Award Marvin D. Mangus Debra C. Colodner George Hallberg Victor R. Baker* Richard D. Harvey Donald H. Richter Sharon L. Gabel Susan D. Halsey* Ewart M. Baldwin Donald M. Hoskins Paul E. Hammond Connie Powers Research Grants I. G. Grossman Robert F. Walters James A. Helwig* Baranowski Sidney R. Ash Philip L. Gyger Thomas L. Holzer* Rachel M. Barker* John T. Dillon Alaska Jean M. Bahr R. Heather Macdonald Emilie Jager Thomas D. Barrow Scholarship Award Donald C. Barber E. Allen Merewether Kathleen M. Johnson* Donald F. Beck David D. Adams Glenn W. Berger Thomas O. Merrill Robert A. Larson* Milford J. Benham Marvin D. Mangus Francis R. Boyd, Jr. Martin G. Miller Hulbert A. Lee* Raymond E. Birch Sarah M. Roeske John F. Childs Daniel P. Murray F. Beach Leighton Pierre E. Biscaye Ruth A. M. Schmidt* Mark Cloos Jane E. Nielson Alan E. Leviton* John D. Bloch Florence Robinson James Channing Cole* Priscilla C. Patton* Alvis L. Lisenbee* Scott G. Borg Weber Clinton A. Cowan* Ruth A. M. Schmidt* Oscar Loayza* William E. Bowers Maria Luisa Crawford Dietmar Schumacher J. Hoover Mackin Gretchen Luepke Carl O. Bowin Steven R. Dunn William J. Sims Award John W. Mason Martin L. Bregman John A. Fagerstrom Nancy S. Stehle Victor R. Baker* Christopher C. Caryl E. Buchwald Alan E. Fryar Robert C. Stephenson Peter W. Birkeland Mathewson* Scott F. Burns Robert N. Ginsburg Charles W. Sweetwood* Parker E. Calkin Arthur Mirsky Robert A. Cadigan Donn S. Gorsline Ira D. Taylor Edwin H. East T. Michael and Christine Helen L. Cannon Thomas E. Griggs Celeste Thomson Robert Y. Grant M. Moreland* Carl E. Carlson Glenn B. Hieshima Robert J. Weimer Thomas L. T. Grose Haydn H. Murray* Wilfred J. Carr* John R. Holloway James F. Westcott James C. Knox Joseph E. Nadeau Robert M. Cassie James C. Ingle, Jr. Albert E. Wood* John W. Mason* Richard L. Nielsen* Marjorie A. Chan Roscoe G. Jackson, II* Richard A. Zimmermann Grant A. Meyer Jack E. Oliver Stephen I. Chazen Claudia C. Johnson Second Century Fund Jonathan G. Price* Eric S. Cheney Carol G. and John T. Robert G. Johnson Gilles O. Allard* Noel M. Ravneberg* James Channing Cole* McGill Fund Benedikt L. Lehner Victor R. Baker William D. Romey G. Arthur Cooper* Russell H. Campbell Dennis I. Netoff Paul C. Bateman* Mary E. Savina Doak C. Cox William Henry Hays Ralph B. Peck* Linda J. Beddard Roy J. Shlemon* Dexter H. Craig Robert A. Larson* Howard J. Pincus Joel D. Blum Virginia B. Sisson* Graham R. Curtis F. Harold Weber, Jr. Jane Selverstone Jeremy M. Boak James V. Taranik Donald M. Davidson, Jr. Craig L. Sprinkle Rena Mae Bonem* Memorial Fund Page C. Twiss Steven N. Daviess Celeste Thomson William C. Bradley* F. D. Holland, Jr. (in Stephen J. Urbanik Pamela J. DeGroat Bennie W. Troxel Caryl E. Buchwald memory of Mack Gipson) Malcolm P. Weiss Helen L. Delano Stephen J. Urbanik Ian S. Carmichael* John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* Paul F. Dickert Minority Fund Donald L. Woodrow John E. Costa Monte D. Wilson Charles L. Drake William A. Crawford Kenn-Ming Yang Darrel S. Cowan* J. Lamar Worzel Hugh White Dresser John E. Kaiser Jay Zimmerman Rodger E. Denison Kenneth J. Drummond Christina Lochman-Balk Richard A. Zimmermann William H. Dennen* Unrestricted— Bruce Dunkle R. Heather Macdonald Paul B. DuMontelle Foundation SAGE James A. Dutcher John Rodgers (in memory of Robert Mamoru Adachi Genevieve Atwood Bergstrom) Michele L. Aldrich *Century Plus Roster H. Robert Burger Donors Gordon P. Eaton* G. Scot Applegate (gifts of $150 or more). Scott F. Burns continued on p. 14

GSA TODAY, January 1997 13 GSA Officers and Councilors for 1997 George A. Thompson Victor R. Baker Eldridge M. Moores David E. Dunn President Vice-President Past President Treasurer Stanford University University of Arizona University of California University of Texas—Dallas Stanford, California Tucson, Arizona Davis, California Richardson, Texas

Councilors (1995–1997) Councilors (1996–1998) Councilors (1997–1999) Maryellen Cameron Joanne Bourgeois B. Clark Burchfiel Arlington, Virginia University of Washington Massachusetts Institute of Technology Seattle, Washington Cambridge, Massachusetts James A. Helwig Corpoven, S.A. John E. Costa Gail A. Mahood Caracas, Venezuela U.S. Geological Survey Stanford University Vancouver, Washington Stanford, California Thomas L. Holzer U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat J. Leslie Smith Menlo Park, California University of Texas—El Paso University of British Columbia El Paso, Texas Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Orrin H. Pilkey, Jr. Duke University Warren B. Hamilton Dorothy L. Stout Durham, North Carolina Colorado School of Mines Cypress College Golden, Colorado Cypress, California

Donors Roger L. Hooke Elmer D. Patterson Edward J. Young Paul A. Manera continued from p. 13 Arthur Mekeel Hussey II Donald W. Peterson Richard A. Zimmermann Mark S. McBride Yasuo Ikeda Thomas E. Pickett Duncan A. McNaughton* Unrestricted—GSA Rudolph W. Edmund William R. Judd Walter C. Pitman, III Robert L. Melvin Virgil E. Barnes James M. Edwards Owen Kingman Richard H. Ragle Frederick Wayne Meyer William K. Barry Judy Ehlen James M. Kirby James C. Ratté George E. Moore, Jr. Craig C. Black John A. Ferguson Charles E. Kirschner Noel M. Ravneberg* Robert J. Moye Robert W. Blair Peter T. Flawn H. D. Klemme Donald H. Richter Donald A. Myers Robert L. Brownfield* McLain J. Forman James W. Knox William W. Sager Helen L. Nace Russell H. Campbell Helen L. Foster Konrad B. Krauskopf* Erwin Scheibner Bruce W. Nelson Robert O. Castle Gerald M. Friedman* John T. Kuo B. Charlotte Schreiber Robert M. Norris William L. Chenoweth Robert L. Fuchs Arthur H. Lachenbruch Maurice L. Schwartz William A. Oliver, Jr. H. Grady Collier, Jr. L. W. Funkhouser* Marcus G. Langseth Lyle V. A. Sendlein Augustin Pyre H. Basil S. Cooke George R. Gibson Robert E. Lauth Clay T. Smith Richard H. Ragle G. Arthur Cooper* Billy P. Glass S. Benedict Levin Joanne L. Stewart Charles S. Robinson John P. Crawford* Samuel S. Goldich* William W. Locke Raymond T. Stotler, Jr. Stanley P. Schweinfurth Paul E. Damon Vivien M. Gornitz Frederic B. Loomis Rudolph G. Strand Paul R. Shaffer Ralph K. Davis Edward S. Grew* John W. M’Gonigle Edmondo Sugar James B. Stevens Chester L. Dodson John P. Gries* Cathryn Allen Manduca William J. Tafuri Charles H. Summerson* Robert H. Dott, Jr. Gottfried K. Guennel Robert E. Maurer Roger D. K. Thomas Carlton T. Sumsion Judy Ehlen Robert B. Hall Paul N. McDaniel Herbert Tischler John E. Szatai Kenneth O. Emery Thomas D. Hamilton Edmund W. Medley Sherwood and Esther D. Russell B. Travis Robert L. Fisher Connelly E. Hannum Robert L. Melvin Tuttle* Laurence G. Trudell Willard C. Gere George Fulford Hanson Ann G. Metzger Athel G. Unklesbay A. L. Washburn Richard Goldsmith C. Earl Harris, Jr. Richard C. Mielenz David Walker Don E. Wilhelms Frank L. Greene* Elbert Nelson Harshman Steven D. Mitchell John W. Webb Lynn A. Yehle Robert B. Hall Richard D. Harvey Akiho Miyashiro Robert A. Weeks Mostafa M. Zayed Benjamin F. Howell, Jr. Roger A. Haskins Louis Moyd* Edgar L. Weinberg Richard A. Zimmermann Nevin D. Hoy William Henry Hays Robert J. Moye Malcolm P. Weiss William F. Jenks Women in Science William B. Heroy, Jr. Maurice J. Mundorff John H. Weitz* Roberta L. Jennings James Channing Cole* James W. Higgins William E. Nellist Joseph L. Weitz Robert B. Johnson Marcia E. Knadle H. Stanton Hill Richard P. Nickelsen Richard Daniel White Lisle T. Jory R. Heather Macdonald Charles J. Hoke Amos M. Nur Richard B. Winston Cecil H. Kindle Margaret O. Oros James W. Hood Gerhard Oertel Michael B. Winter Phillip S. Kistler Daniel B. Sass John W. Hook William A. Oliver, Jr.* Paul A. Witherspoon, Jr. Konrad B. Krauskopf* Ruth A. M. Schmidt Elizabeth F. Overstreet Albert E. Wood* Edmund Livingston Bille Jo Sorenson *Century Plus Roster Frederick L. Paillet Margaret S. Woyski (gifts of $150 or more). Tom H. W. Loomis Wynn Weidner

14 GSA TODAY, January 1997 WASHINGTON REPORT Management Program (now the Environ- mental Management Program [EMP]), to Bruce F. Molnia consolidate ongoing remediation and restoration efforts and to initiate a Washington Report provides the GSA membership with a window on the activities of the response for inactive production facilities federal agencies, Congress and the legislative process, and international interactions that and sites and for accumulated waste, con- could impact the geoscience community. In future issues, Washington Report will present tamination and materials. By 1995, the summaries of agency and interagency programs, track legislation, and present insights into EMP had become the largest stewardship Washington, D.C., geopolitics as they pertain to the geosciences. program in the world, with activities, including cleanup, at 150 sites in Alaska, Arizona, California , Colorado, Connecti- cut, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Department of Energy Report Details Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Lower Cost Estimates for Cleaning Up Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, U.S. Nuclear Weapons Mess Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, “Our new analysis provides strong evidence that the department’s Washington, West Virginia, and Wyoming. cleanup strategy under President Clinton is delivering more at Ideally, by 2070, after the 75 years of the program, “end state” will be achieved. less cost.” By then, all mission-related activities will have been completed, and most sites will — Hazel R. O’Leary, Secretary of Energy have been made available for alternate land uses. The sites with the highest individual cleanup costs (expressed as percent of the total cleanup estimate) are Hanford, Last fall, the Department of Energy environmental solutions in the areas of Washington ($50 billion, 22%); Savannah (DOE) released the 1996 Baseline Environ- decommissioning and waste management River, South Carolina ($49 billion, 22%); mental Management Report (BEMR). In its and from the use of improved data on Idaho National Engineering Laboratory four volumes and executive summary, waste volumes. ($19 billion, 8%); Rocky Flats Environ- spanning more than 1,500 pages, the I had much difficulty understanding mental Technology, Colorado ($17 billion, BEMR presents new estimates of the costs the meaning or derivation of the “mid- 8%); Oak Ridge National Laboratory and necessary to clean up 150 former weapons range” or “Base Case” estimate. On the adjacent sites K-25 and Y-12, Tennessee complex sites in 33 states and Puerto Rico. front flyleaf of the “Executive Summary,” ($25 billion, 10%); Waste Isolation Pilot During World War II and the Cold “Base Case” is simply defined as “an esti- Plant, New Mexico (4%); Paducah Gaseous War, the United States developed a mas- mation of the life-cycle costs and schedule Diffusion Plant, Kentucky (2%); Los sive industrial complex to research, pro- for projects and activities needed to com- Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico duce, and test nuclear weapons. This complete the Environmental Management (2%); Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion plex included uranium mines, nuclear program’s mission.” Elsewhere, a more Plant, Ohio (2%); Nevada Test Site (2%); reactors, buildings for chemical process- complex and cumbersome definition is and West Valley Demonstration Project, ing, machining plants, maintenance facili- presented: “long-range projection of New York (2%). Together, these sites ties, and laboratories. The products of this activities, schedule, and associated costs account for about 85% of the total industrial complex include tens of thou- that fully describes the Environmental cleanup cost estimate. sands of nuclear warheads and more than Management program, as currently pro- In a July 1, 1996, letter that accompa- 1,000 nuclear explosion tests. jected, from its current state to completion nied volume one of the BEMR, Alvin Alm, The complex continued operations based upon compliance with current laws, DOE Assistant Secretary for Environmental through the late 1980s. Now, more than regulations, and agreements. The Base Management, stated that: “Since the 1996 five years beyond the end of the Cold War, Case looks to the future, but does so only Baseline Report was prepared, Environ- we find that the legacy of our nuclear with the knowledge, information, and mental Management managers have com- industrial complex is “thousands of con- assumptions that are available today. mitted to complete clean-up at most sites taminated areas and buildings, and large Because these inputs are rapidly changing, within ten years.… All facilities would, volumes of “backlog” waste and special the 1996 Base Case is essentially a snap- however, achieve a safe and secure interim nuclear materials requiring treatment, sta- shot in time of a dynamic and complex end state by the end of the ten-year bilization, and disposal” (BEMR, 1-1). program. The Base Case is not a budget period.... The ten year vision recognizes The latest BEMR cost estimates, pro- estimate or a program funding request. that the time table for cleanup suggested jected for a 75-year clean-up life, range Nor is it intended to provide details of in the 1996 Baseline Report is too slow.... from $189 billion to $265 billion (mid- specific projects.” One message we have learned from the range estimate of $227 billion) and are The 150 former weapons complex 1996 Baseline Report analysis is that the significantly lower than the original cost sites detailed in the BEMR are the tip of longer a cleanup takes, the longer one pays estimates of $206 to $360 billion (mid- the Cold War legacy iceberg. At these sites, the ‘mortgage’ costs to support a workforce range estimate of $237 billion) released in about 0.5 million cubic meters of high- presence on the site. We should not pay 1995. DOE prepared the BEMR in response level, mixed, and low-level nuclear waste this cost any longer than necessary.” ■ to the 1994 and 1995 National Defense remain. This waste, which contains Authorization Acts, which require the enough plutonium to fabricate thousands Secretary of Energy to submit a baseline of nuclear weapons, must be stabilized, report to Congress, complete with annual safeguarded, and “dispositioned.” updates. The lowering of costs results from In 1989, the DOE established the applying “less costly but effective” Environmental Restoration and Waste

GSA TODAY, January 1997 15 The Bucks Start Here

Peter F. Folger, 1995-1996 GSA Congressional Science Fellow

“No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law” —Article I, Section 9, Constitution of the United States

To the casual observer, the congres- growing at 10% per year and will squeeze sional appropriations process is compli- the discretionary side of the ledger unless cated, obscure, and conducted behind reined in. Without substantive reform of closed doors or, at the very least, behind a automatic spending, the Cardinals will veil of tradition and near-secrecy. Yet, the preside over a shrinking supply of discre- of the budget cycle. From the appropria- annual struggle to fund the government is tionary dollars, yet face constant or tor’s standpoint, the budget resolution is arguably the single most important pro- increasing demands from lawmakers critical because, among other things, it cess to geoscientists who benefit from fed- attempting to serve their constituents. defines the lump-sum amount given to eral dollars. In a time of crushing pressure Bear in mind, also, that funding for sci- the full Appropriations Committee in the to reduce discretionary spending in the ence competes directly against health care House and Senate. Upon receipt of the face of growing entitlement spending and for veterans, education, and other popular overall spending allotment, the long the drive to balance the federal budget, it programs supported by vociferous and knives come out and the real battle begins behooves earth scientists to pay attention unified organizations. as the 13 Cardinals in each chamber fight to where the money comes from. Ignore Why is it important for earth scien- for their share of the $500+ billion pie. appropriations and, like your teeth, they tists to pay attention to the appropriations Representative Bob Livingston (R— may go away. process? Because the Cardinals, despite LA), and Senator Mark Hatfield (R—OR), Everyone is now familiar with the their relative autonomy, respond like chair the Appropriations Committees in consequences of Congress’s failure to pass other lawmakers to organized and effec- their respective houses. The two chief Car- one or more of the 13 appropriations bills. tive lobbying from scientists, as they do dinals carve up the lump-sum appropria- Yet the hue and cry that arose in the fall of from any other group. A case in point is tion and dole it out to the 13 subcommit- 1995 when agencies temporarily shut their the dramatic 6% increase in funding to tees. In reality, negotiations for these doors resulted because of disputes over a the National Institutes for Health (NIH) amounts begin early, before the budget res- relatively small portion of the federal bud- for fiscal year 1996 compared to the previ- olution is debated and the final appropria- get. In fact, 65% of the annual $1.5 trillion ous year. This occurred despite an increase tions bills are assembled by committee budget is spent automatically every year of only 1% in all federal research and staff. In contrast to typically young staff unless Congress acts. Interest on the development accounts for the year, and a occupying Congressional personal offices, national debt consumes 15%, while 50% decrease in overall discretionary spending appropriations committee staff are sea- of the overall budget, a staggering $786 of 2.4%. The well-organized biomedical soned veterans who, in many cases, have billion in 1995, pays for entitlement (or community contacted key lawmakers and worked on Capitol Hill as long as or longer mandatory) spending. The remaining 35% waged an effective campaign to shore up than most lawmakers. As such, they wield is discretionary spending, slightly over funding for their account within the great power in the appropriations negotia- half of which funds the nation’s military. Labor, Health and Human Services, and tions. They also face the task of crafting 13 All the fuss last fall occurred over 17% of Education Appropriations Committee. bills every year that must pass if the gov- the total budget, or an amount only How does this process work? In early ernment is to keep running; thus, they slightly greater than the annual interest February, the President submits his budget have enormous influence over the daily payment for the national debt. to the Congress. Congress may or may not operations of the federal government. Out of the 17% come funds for earth act on the President’s plan, but at the very Geoscientists seeking to understand scientists via the National Science Founda- least will use it as a foil for the legislative and influence the appropriations process tion, the USGS, EPA, NOAA, NASA, and budget process. The Republican-controlled must also understand that appropriations other agencies and programs within the 104th Congress, for example, has ignored staff answer to only a select group of law- Departments of Interior, Energy, Agricul- the President’s budget two years in a row, makers and tend to ignore the hundreds ture, and Commerce. This one-sixth of the but the final spending bills differ from the of pleas from outsiders that do not fall federal budget consumes a disproportion- President’s proposal by only a few percent. within the interests of this inner circle. An ate share of Congress’s attention because it The power of the veto pen, and the enor- appropriations clerk told me: “I listen to allows lawmakers to deliver the goods, like mous inertia of the budget status quo, my subcommittee chairman, the ranking dams, roads, and other parochial projects, means that discretionary spending minority Member, and the chairman of to their constituents back home. The real changes of more than a few percent are the full committee. That’s all.” Other power to deliver, however, is in the hands nearly impossible. After receiving the Pres- Republican and Democrat members of the of the Representatives, referred to as the ident’s plan, the House and Senate Budget subcommittees, however, wield consider- “Cardinals,” and their Senate counter- Committees construct a budget resolution, able influence because of the urgent need parts, who chair the 13 appropriations which is supposed to be adopted by April to pass the funding bills every year. In subcommittees that craft the annual 15, that sets total spending levels to be contrast to many of the authorizing com- spending bills. divided among the 13 appropriations sub- mittees, appropriations subcommittees Geoscientists face increasingly fierce committees. conduct business largely in a bipartisan fights over these scarce dollars because Although the budget resolution is not manner. entitlement programs, like Medicare, Med- signed into law by the President, it serves icaid, and Social Security are currently to guide Congress through the remainder Bucks continued on p. 17

16 GSA TODAY, January 1997 1997 Division Officers and Past Chairs

ARCHAEOLOGICAL GEOLOGY GEOSCIENCE EDUCATION PLANETARY GEOLOGY E. James Dixon—Chair Ellen P. Metzger—Chair James R. Zimbelman—Chair Rolfe D. Mandel—First Vice-Chair David W. Mogk—First Vice-Chair Cassandra R. Coombs—First Vice-Chair C. Reid Ferring—Second Vice-Chair Martha Sykes—Second Vice-Chair Dan Britt—Second Vice-Chair William C. Johnson—Secretary-Treasurer David F. Mastie—Secretary-Treasurer Ralph Harvey—Secretary-Treasurer Edwin R. Hajic—Past Chair Barbara M. Manner—Past Chair Larry S. Crumpler—Past Chair

COAL GEOLOGY HISTORY OF GEOLOGY QUATERNARY GEOLOGY AND James R. Staub—Chair Paul R. Seaber—Chair GEOMORPHOLOGY Brenda S. Pierce—First Vice-Chair Gerard V. Middleton—First Vice-Chair Karen L. Prestegaard—Chair Cortland F. Eble—Second Vice-Chair William A. S. Sarjeant—Second Vice-Chair Leslie D. McFadden—First Vice-Chair Thomas D. Demchuk—Secretary-Treasurer William M. Jordan—Secretary-Treasurer Ardith K. Hansel—Second Vice-Chair John H. Calder—Past Chair William R. Brice—Past Chair J. Steven Kite—Secretary-Treasurer William L. Graf—Past Chair ENGINEERING GEOLOGY HYDROGEOLOGY Helen L. Delano—Chair Warren W. Wood—Chair SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY Vincent S. Cronin—Chair-Elect Darryll T. Pederson—First Vice-Chair Richard A. Davis, Jr.—Chair Scott F. Burns—Secretary Mary Jo Baedecker—Second Vice-Chair Greg H. Mack—First Vice-Chair John R. Giardino—Past Chair Joe C. Yelderman, Jr.—Secretary-Treasurer Evan K. Franseen—Second Vice-Chair John W. Hess, Jr.—Past Chair David McCormick—Secretary-Treasurer GEOPHYSICS Rebecca J. Dorsey—Past Chair Kenneth P. Kodama—Chair INTERNATIONAL Eugene D. Humphreys—First Vice-Chair Ian W. D. Dalziel—President STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND Susan E. McGeary—Second Vice-Chair Gabor Tari—First Vice-President TECTONICS G. Randy Keller—Secretary-Treasurer John J. W. Rogers—Second Vice-President Terry L. Pavlis— Chair Alan R. Levander—Past Chair Suzanne Mahlburg Kay—Secretary-Treasurer Vicki L. Hansen—First Vice-Chair James W. Skehan—Past President Stephen Marshak—Second Vice-Chair Arthur G. Goldstein—Secretary-Treasurer John M. Bartley—Past Chair

Bucks continued from p. 16 practice, the program may continue even to set a radon standard in ground water, or though authorizing legislation has extending the moratorium against issuing Each of the 13 allocations in the bud- expired. For example, the Safe Drinking new hard-rock mining patents, are exam- get resolution sets the tone for the 13 sub- Water Act was reauthorized in 1996 even ples of authorizing on an appropriations committees for the rest of the appropria- though original authorization ran out in bill. This is a time-honored practice; the tions cycle. If the amount is less than 1991. Agency funding to implement the original act creating the USGS in 1879 was what a subcommittee expects, then the program was provided in the interim by part of an appropriations bill. Cardinal must choose which departments annual enactment of the VA, HUD, and The appropriations process in or agencies will get cut. To further compli- Independent Agencies spending bill. Simi- Congress begins early in the year, usually cate matters, the initial allocation in a larly, failure to reauthorize the Geologic lasts until September 30, the last day of House subcommittee may not agree with Mapping Act this year will probably not the fiscal year (or even beyond, which the corresponding Senate allocation. This sink the program because funding was requires Congress to pass one or more year, for example, the Energy and Water included in the Interior Appropriations temporary spending measures, or continu- Development subcommittee in the House, bill. The opposite is almost never true; a ing resolutions). Geoscientists who want chaired by Representative John Myers (R— program authorized in law but denied to influence the process and be heard also IN), initially received nearly $1 billion less appropriations or some funding mecha- need to start early, make their pitch to the than its counterpart in the Senate, run by nism is, in reality, no program. right people, and follow through until Pete V. Domenici (R—NM). This, in part, This last point reemphasizes the Congress votes. A plea for funding the reflects different priorities between the power of the Cardinals. As an appropria- night before the appropriations committee two legislative bodies and generates great tions clerk remarked to me, “Congress can votes on the bill usually falls on deaf ears. consternation among the affected Execu- authorize anything, but without appropri- Because the discretionary slice of the bud- tive Branch agencies, whose operations ations it goes nowhere.” Moreover, law- get pie, which includes all geoscience pro- may depend on which chamber prevails. makers who cannot authorize a program grams, is getting smaller, we cannot afford The fate of earth scientists, whose pro- via the authorizing committees often turn to ignore where the bucks start. ■ grams are rarely highlighted or “ear- to an appropriations bill as the preferred marked” by lawmakers in the legislation legislative vehicle. Although the practice is or mentioned in the accompanying generally discouraged by the Cardinals, Peter F. Folger, 1995–1996 GSA Congressional Science report, may also depend on how the members of Congress inevitably try to Fellow, served on the staff of Senator Pete V. Domenici (NM). The one-year fellowship is supported by GSA and House and Senate split the difference. insert several authorizing provisions into by the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Inte- The rules of the House and to a lesser appropriations bills every year. A few of rior, under Assistance Award No. 1434-95-G-2651. The extent, the Senate require that agencies the controversial environmental “riders” views and conclusions contained in this report are those and programs be authorized into law on last year’s appropriations bills, namely of the author and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or before funds are appropriated for them. In the provisions denying funding to the EPA implied, of the U.S. Government.

GSA TODAY, January 1997 17 with an obvious and unavoidable arith- Institute for Environmental metical conclusion: the federal budget ENVIRONMENT MATTERS Education will be balanced on the back of the discretionary programs. Thus, the hope that federal funding It’s Nothing Personal for science can be maintained or increased Daniel Sarewitz, IEE Director in the current political climate is almost certainly a vain one. Effective lobbying may help to protect some science programs at the expense of others, but these The implications of recent national column by Peter Folger, the 1995-1996 victories will occur in an overall context elections for federal funding of science GSA Congressional Fellow (this issue, of shrinking expenditures. Budget analysts and technology are not entirely clear, but p. 16), federal funding for science comes at the American Association for the one can be reasonably confident that such from that 17% of the federal budget that Advancement of Science have estimated funding over the next several years will supports all nondefense discretionary pro- that government funding for scientific decline. Many in the science community grams, such as: salaries for judges, support research and technology development will view declining federal science funds as an for air traffic control, regulation of new decline by about 20% in the next five indication of lack of government under- prescription drugs, funds for diplomatic years if current deficit reduction plans are standing of and support for science. Thus, missions, enforcement of immigration pursued. This does not reflect an antisci- the commonly prescribed approach to laws, protection and clean-up of the envi- entific attitude on the part of our elected combating this trend is to focus on com- ronment. As Congress and the President officials. Similar cuts will necessarily afflict municating the value of science to our strive to fulfill their commitment to bal- most other discretionary programs. The elected officials. The biomedical research ance the federal budget by the year 2002, State Department will have less money community, which has a highly organized it is these programs—and these programs to negotiate peace agreements, the Justice and visible lobbying effort in Washington, only—that are targeted for reduction. Department will have less money to D.C., is often held up as the exemplar of Today’s political and economic climate prosecute criminals, the Transportation this approach. Indeed, for fiscal 1997, in dictates that the other 83% of the Department will have less money to main- the face of flat or declining budgets for budget—defense expenditures, entitle- tain infrastructure. Etcetera. The current most federal discretionary programs, the ment programs such as Medicare, and desire of the electorate is to balance the National Institutes of Health received a interest on the national debt—are off lim- budget without undertaking significant boost of more than 6%. its to budget-cutters. To make matters reform of entitlement programs and with- The idea that declining federal sup- worse, entitlement expenditures are grow- out raising taxes. This is what we have port for science can be reversed simply by ing exponentially, and this growth will voted for. When the budget knife really communicating the importance and value also have to be balanced by cuts in begins to do its work, voters may adopt of science to our public servants is appeal- discretionary programs. Add to this the different priorities, but for now the trend ing, but it also avoids the evolving reality additional factor that tax increases are not is clear. It’s nothing personal. ■ of budgetary politics. As explained in a a viable political option, and you are left

Call for Nominations WANTED: Mentors in Applied Geology

The Geological Society of America’s Institute for Environmental Criteria for Nomination Education is now soliciting nominations for the Roy J. Shlemon Mentors should be highly regarded practitioners in the applied Mentor Program in Applied Geology. Funded by an endowment geosciences. Preference will be given to nominees who emphasize from Roy J. Shlemon, the Applied Geology Mentor Program one of the following specialties: Quaternary geology, geomor- bridges the gap between the applied and academic geology com- phology, environmental geology, engineering geology, geoarche- munities. The mentors are experienced geologists currently prac- ology, and hydrogeology. Nominees should have at least 15 years ticing in various fields of applied geology. Each mentor presents a of experience outside of academia and government and should be one-day workshop for graduate and senior undergraduate geol- working actively in an applied field. Nominees should also ogy students focusing on professional opportunities and chal- be active in the geological community, preferably with a record of lenges in the applied geosciences. Workshops may include lec- presented or published papers. tures and/or field and laboratory exercises, depending on the Nominations should be in the form of a brief (one-half page) nar- technical specialty of the mentor, as well as discussion of “practi- rative summarizing the qualities and experiences of the nominee. cal problems” in applied geology such as running a business, mar- This narrative may be supported by additional professional and keting, hiring and firing, and legal and regulatory challenges. biographical material. We request that nominators include their Mentors receive an honorarium of up to $1,000 for conducting phone number and/or E-mail address. the workshop, in partial recognition of their outstanding contri- Mentors will be selected by GSA section meeting committees bution to the applied geosciences. Up to six Shlemon Mentor from the pool of nominees. workshops will be held each year, in conjunction with the six GSA section meetings. Please send nominations to: Roy Shlemon Applied Geology Mentor Program The 1996 Roy Shlemon Applied Geology Mentors were Institute for Environmental Education James E. Slosson, Van Nuys, California—Rocky Mountain Section Geological Society of America William R. Cotton, Los Gatos, California—Cordilleran Section P.O. Box 9140 Michael Hart, San Diego, California—Cordilleran Section Boulder, CO 80301 Dean Lewis, Ames, Iowa—North-Central Section

18 GSA TODAY, January 1997

GSA Bulletin Update GSA Bulletin Features John Geissman, Lynn Walter, Editors, GSA Bulletin Overview Article Greetings and Happy 1997! Our sec- the GSA home page, where appropriate), The January GSA Bulletin includes a ond editorial year, 1996, has been both valuable in-depth contributions. new feature: an overview article, one gratifying and challenging for us. We We continue to streamline our of several papers intended to provide appreciate the positive feedback we have manuscript handling procedures with the Bulletin readers with state-of-the-field received from so many of you about the help and feedback provided by our excel- summaries in exciting areas. Bulletin new look of the Bulletin as well as its sub- lent editorial assistants, Vicki Lawrence co-editors Lynn Walter and John stantially broader topical base. There are and Cathy Ratcliff. They are the essential Geissman began planning for these many more manuscripts submitted with links in making electronic mail, phone, feature articles in early 1996. The pre- a decided “earth systems” approach and and postal contacts with reviewers and Bulletin mier overview, by Ian Dalziel, was many more dealing with new tracers of Associate Editors. This year, activi- climate change and rates of earth surface ties will be incorporated into a compre- solicited and shepherded through the processes. We have added new Associate hensive and flexible manuscript-tracking review process by Associate Editor Editors throughout the year to adjust our system initiated by David Fountain, for- Samuel Mukasa. AE board composition in line with these mer editor of Geology. This may require yet The overview article by Dalziel con- research areas. more changes in how our offices function. The trend toward increased submis- Please feel free to contact us with feed- cerns Neoproterozoic–early Paleozoic sions has continued into 1996. Given this back, criticisms, and suggestions. distribution of continents and the tec- trend and our attempt to maintain a near- We emphasize that the Bulletin will tonics and environments of the time. constant manuscript acceptance ratio, continue as a forum for relatively long Dalziel bases the overview largely on the obvious implication is that the time contributions involving fully detailed and his work and that of his students and between manuscript acceptance and publi- comprehensive research. However, we are colleagues, particularly on the south- cation will increase. Significant increases also publishing an increasing number of ern continents that once composed are unacceptable, so the total number shorter, topical papers of broad interest. Gondwanaland. However, he also of published pages for the Bulletin was Our overall turnaround time continues cites studies by others who have increased in 1996, and we hope to main- to be competitive, so please consider the worked on the same Gondwanaland tain this level in 1997 and in future years. Bulletin as a widely disseminated and In the spirit of maximum efficiency of well-read outlet for these shorter, timely fragments and other cratons of the science presentation, we also continue to articles. time interval, notably Laurentia and encourage authors to place important yet As always, the success of the editorial Baltica. This makes the article a com- nonessential supporting data, text, and system and overall quality of the journal prehensive source of information figures in the GSA Data Repository. Our are a direct reflection of the great compe- about the numerous studies that have early goal of having the Data Repository tence and integrity of the Associate Edi- dealt with continental drift prior to accessible through the GSA home page tors, who provide their time and expertise the amalgamation of Pangea, but also on the World Wide Web is now realized. to the authors, the readers, and the Soci- an important contribution about the As promised last year at this time, we ety. We thank the Associate Editors who tectonics and environments that pre- have solicited, aided by our Associate Edi- completed their terms with the GSA vailed at that critical time in biological tors, overview manuscripts detailing the Bulletin in 1996: current research and future directions in evolution. Daniel Bernoulli actively developing topical areas of broad Myron Best interest in the earth sciences. These com- In the overview, Dalziel presents some Douglas Elmore prehensive overviews, the first of which relatively new ideas—for example, Carol Frost appears in the January issue of the Bulletin, that some rocks bordering the Oua- Robert Hildebrand are intended to be exceptionally timely chita embayment and in Argentina Daniel Lux (through improved manuscript handling may have a common heritage, and Walt Manger practices), of appropriate length and docu- Kevin Shelton that through much of early Paleozoic mentation (including more complex, color Martha Withjack ■ time, the Iapetus Ocean may not illustrations available through the Web on have separated Laurentia from Baltica and northwest Africa, as has been traditionally accepted, but rather Lau- rentia from the proto-Andean margin GSA Science Editors of South America. Some of the ideas expressed are controversial and are Current science editors, all unpaid volunteers, for GSA publications are: likely to fuel additional investigations for some time to come. Books: Abhijit Basu, Indiana University, Bloomington Maps and Charts: Ren A. Thompson, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Future overview articles will also likely GSA Today science articles: Suzanne M. Kay, Cornell University range into provocative questions that are ripe for further research, accord- GSA Today Forum: Bruce F. Molnia, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston ing to Bulletin editors Geissman and GSA Bulletin: John Geissman, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Lynn Walter, Walter. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Geology: Lee Kump, Pennsylvania State University; Carol Simpson, Boston University

20 GSA TODAY, January 1997 GSA ON THE WEB Visit the GSA Web Site at http://www.geosociety.org. From our home page you can link to many information resources. Here are some highlights:

View the Meetings page for informa- safely via our secure Web server. The best Earth and Space Science Technological tion on the 1997 annual and section meet- part is that more than 200 titles are now Education Project (ESSTEP). Find out ings. Complete information on the 1997 on sale (until March 1997). Also here is about GSA’s environment and public pol- GeoVentures is also online. Information for Contributors to journal icy activities in the Institute for Envi- On our Membership page you'll articles, article offprint information, how ronmental Education section, includ- learn about the GSA Employment Service, to request copyright permissions, and ing updates on the GSA Congressional find out how to become a GSA Campus more. Science Fellowship program, the Roy J. Representative, or learn how to get forms The GSA Data Repository is a new Shlemon Applied Geology Mentor Pro- to join GSA as a full member or as a stu- addition on the Publications page. Here gram, and the U.S. Geological Survey– dent. You’ll also find information here on you'll find all entries since 1992, in Adobe National Biological Service scientific how to nominate a GSA member to Fel- Acrobat format for easy download via your opportunities workshop. lowship standing. browser. These Data Repository entries Under Foundation you will find Under the Publications heading, supplement some articles in GSA's jour- information on the Foundation and the you'll find many links, including one to nals. This is a new, faster way to obtain current annual giving campaign, a list of the GSA Bookstore on the Web. Here's a these data. Every month, you'll find tables trustees and officers, and several ways to fast, new way to shop! Search the descrip- of contents and abstracts of journal arti- make a planned gift. tive copy and tables of contents on all GSA cles for GSA Bulletin and Geology, plus See the Administration section for books, maps, transects, Memorials, and information for authors on preparation information on GSA Medals and Awards, other products in print or in production. of articles for submission to GSA. and other general information about GSA. You can read or print product descriptions, In the Education section, read about You can also link to the pages for GSA Sec- tables of contents, pricing, and other data. GSA’s educational programs, including tions and Divisions for specific informa- You can build and place a credit-card order PEP (Partners for Education), and the tion on each of these.

CALL FOR NOMINATIONS REMINDERS

PENROSE AND DAY M EDALS, AND HONORARY FELLOWSHIP tional circumstances, GSA employees may be nominated for con- Nominations for 1997 Penrose and Day Medals and for Hon- sideration. Any GSA member or employee may make a nomina- orary Fellowship in the Society are due by FEBRUARY 3, 1997. tion for the award. Awardees will be selected by the Executive Committee, and all selections must be ratified by the Council. YOUNG SCIENTIST AWARD (DONATH MEDAL) Awards may be made annually, or less frequently, at the discretion The Young Scientist Award was established in 1988 to be of Council. This award will be presented during the annual meet- awarded to a young scientist (35 or younger during the year in ing of the Society. Deadline for nominations for 1997 is which the award is to be presented) for outstanding achievement in MARCH 3, 1997. contributing to geologic knowledge through original research that marks a major advance in the earth sciences. The award, consisting JOHN C. FRYE ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY AWARD of a gold medal called the Donath Medal and a cash prize of In cooperation with the Association of American State Geolo- $15,000, was endowed by Dr. and Mrs. Fred A. Donath. gists (AASG), GSA makes an annual award for the best paper on For the year 1997, only those candidates born on or after Jan- environmental geology published either by GSA or by one of the uary 1, 1962, are eligible for consideration. In choosing candidates state geological surveys. The award is a $1000 cash prize from the for the Young Scientist Award, scientific achievement and age will endowment income of the GSA Foundation’s John C. Frye Memorial be the sole criteria. Nominations for the 1997 award must include Fund. The 1997 award will be presented at the autumn AASG meet- • biographical information, ing to be held during the GSA Annual Meeting in Salt Lake City. • a summary of the candidate’s scientific contributions to geology Nominations can be made by anyone, based on the following (200 words or less), criteria: (1) paper must be selected from GSA or state geological sur- • a selected bibliography (no more than 10 titles), vey publications, (2) paper must be selected from those published • supporting letters from five scientists in addition to the person during the preceding three full calendar years, (3) nomination must making the nomination. include a paragraph stating the pertinence of the paper. Deadline for nominations for 1997 is FEBRUARY 3, 1997. Nominated papers must establish an environmental problem or need, provide substantive information on the basic geology or OFFICERS AND COUNCILORS geologic process pertinent to the problem, relate the geology to the The GSA Committee on Nominations requests your help in problem or need, suggest solutions or provide appropriate land-use compiling a list of GSA members qualified for service as officers and recommendations based on the geology, present the information in councilors of the Society. The committee requests that each nomi- a manner that is understandable and directly usable by geologists, nation be accompanied by basic data and a description of the quali- and address the environmental need or resolve the problem. It is fications of the individual for the position recommended (vice- preferred that the paper be directly applicable by informed layper- president, treasurer, councilor). sons (e.g., planners, engineers). Deadline for nominations for 1997 Deadline for nominations for 1998 is FEBRUARY 18, 1997. is MARCH 31, 1997.

DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARD NATIONAL AWARDS The GSA Distinguished Service Award was established by The deadline is April 30, 1997, for submitting nominations for Council in 1988 to recognize individuals for their exceptional ser- these four awards: William T. Pecora Award, National Medal of Sci- vice to the Society. GSA Members, Fellows, Associates, or, in excep- ence, Vannevar Bush Award, Alan T. Waterman Award.

GSA TODAY, January 1997 21 Final Announcement To leave a message for an attendee at the meeting, dial (334) 844-4718.

SOUTHEASTERN SECTION, GSA Cancellations, Changes, 46th Annual Meeting and Refunds All requests for registration additions, Auburn, Alabama ★ changes, and cancellations must be made March 27–28, 1997 in writing and received by February 28. GSA will refund or credit preregistration fees for cancellations received in writing by February 28. NO REFUNDS WILL BE he 1997 Southeastern Section Meeting of the Geological Society MADE ON CANCELLATION NOTICES of America will be hosted by the Auburn University Department of Geology in RECEIVED AFTER THIS DATE. Refunds Auburn, Alabama. Affiliated organizations meeting concurrently are the South- T will be mailed from GSA after the meeting. eastern Section of SEPM, the Southeastern Section of the National Association of Geo- Refunds for fees paid by credit card will be science Teachers (NAGT), and the Southeastern Section of the Paleontological Society. credited according to the card number on the preregistration form. There will be NO LOCATION AND SETTING participation limits. Use the preregistra- refunds for on-site registration and ticket tion form provided in this announcement. sales. Auburn is situated along the bound- Badges must be worn for access to ALL ary between the Piedmont and Gulf activities, 7:00 a.m. Thursday through On-Site Registration Schedule Coastal Plain provinces, a one-hour drive 5:00 p.m. Friday. Auburn Hotel and Conference Center east of the Valley and Ridge. This quaint Registration discounts are given to Information Desk town is home to Auburn University, members of both GSA and the associated Wed., March 26 4:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. Alabama’s land grant institution. Points of societies listed on the preregistration form. Thurs., March 27 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. interest in Auburn are Chewacla State Park Please indicate your affiliation(s) to regis- Fri., March 28 7:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. and three pro golf courses. Horseshoe ter using the member rates. Bend National Military Park, FDR’s Warm Full payment MUST accompany pre- Accessibility for Registrants Springs Little White House, and Callaway registration form. Unpaid purchase orders with Special Needs Gardens are 45-minute drives from are NOT accepted as valid registration. GSA is committed to making the Auburn. The Southeastern Section meet- Charge cards are accepted as indicated on Southeastern Section meeting accessible ing will be held at the Auburn University the preregistration form. If using a charge to all people interested in attending. If Hotel and Conference Center (AUHCC), card, please recheck the card number you have special requirements, such as downtown across the street from the uni- given. Errors will delay your registration. versity and within walking distance of The confirmation card will be your Southeastern continued on p. 23 many shops and restaurants. Auburn is receipt. No other receipt will be easily reached by car via interstate I-85 sent. and by Dixie Excursions shuttle service, Register one professional or (334) 887-6294, from Atlanta’s Hartsfield student per form. Copy the form for International Airport. your records. Guest registration is required REGISTRATION for those attending guest activi- Preregistration Deadline: ties, technical sessions, or the February 21, 1997 exhibit hall. Guest registrants MUST be accompanied to the If you preregister, you will not have meeting by either a registered pro- to wait in long registration lines to pick fessional or student. A guest is up materials in Auburn because badges defined as a nongeologist spouse will be mailed within two weeks prior or friend of a professional or stu- to the meeting. Save time and money— dent registrant. preregister today! Students and K–12 teachers Advance registration is suggested for must show a current ID in order to many of the special activities because of obtain these rates. Students or teachers not having a current ID REGISTRATION FEES when registering on site will be required to pay the pro- Advance* On-site fessional fee. Professional— Because badges will Member $65 $75 be mailed, ALL preregis- Nonmember $70 $80 tration forms must be RECEIVED by the pre- Student— registration deadline of Member $20 $25 February 21. All regis- Nonmember $25 $30 tration forms received K–12 Earth Science after February 21 will Teacher $20 $20 be held for on-site processing and charged the Guest $15 $15 on-site rates. *Deadline is February 21, 1997.

22 GSA TODAY, January 1997 Southeastern continued from p. 22 HOUSING FORM — Auburn University Hotel and Conference Center an interpreter or wheelchair accessibility, please indicate this by checking the appro- Southeastern Section, Geological Society of America priate box on the registration form in the March 27–28, 1997 space provided. Please let us know your needs by February 21, 1997. Reservation must be made by February 25, 1997.

ACCOMMODATIONS Name Phone A block of rooms at the Auburn Uni- versity Hotel and Conference Center, site Address of the meeting, has been reserved for attendees at a special reduced rate of $72 City/State/ZIP per night for either single or double occu- Arrival Date______Departure Date ______pancy. Attendees should make their own room reservations before February 25, by No. of Rooms _____ Bed Type: King—$72 +tax Double—$72 + tax calling toll-free, 1-800-2AUBURN, by fax- ing, 334-826-8755, or by mailing the Sharing with: ______housing form provided in this announce- ______ment. After that date, reservations will be accepted only on a space-available basis and Credit card Type:______In name of: ______at a higher rate. To reserve rooms by telephone, state your GSA connection and request a reservation number. Card # Expires

Parking. Meeting attendees who stay Signature at the AUHCC may park in the adjacent parking lots at no cost. Others may park in Send to: Auburn University Hotel and Conference Center, 241 South College St., the upper-level library parking facility Auburn, AL 36830-5400. Or call in your reservation at 1-800-2AUBURN. across the street from the AUHCC. For quicker processing please fax to 334-826-8746.

WELCOMING PARTY Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, (205) 348-0583, Style Structures. Sponsored by the SEGSA The welcoming party, on Wednesday [email protected]. Structure and Tectonics Division. Jon Mies, evening, March 26, from 6:00 to 8:00 p.m., 3. Modern Analogs in Paleontology. Dept. of Physics, Geology & Astronomy, will be at the Auburn University Alumni Ronald D. Lewis, Dept. of Geology, Auburn University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Center, only a short walk from the AUHCC. University, Auburn, AL 36849-5305, (334) Chattanooga, TN 37403, (615) 755-4404, Light food and beverages will be served, 844-4886, [email protected]; and [email protected]; and Rick Groshong, and a cash bar will be available. All atten- Sally Walker, Dept. of Geology, University Dept. of Geology, University of Alabama, dees must register before the party. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, (706) Bevill Bldg., Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0338, 542-2652, [email protected]. (205) 348-5095, [email protected]. TECHNICAL PROGRAM 4. Current Directions in Archaeolog- 8. Tectonics and Isotopes in the Ten symposia, with invited papers, ical Geology—Late and Post-Pleisto- Appalachians. Jim Hibbard, Marine, are planned for the meeting, along with cene Environments. Erv Garrison, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North 18 theme sessions. Please contact the con- Dept. of Anthropology, Baldwin Hall, Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC veners for more information. Additional University of Georgia, Athens, GA 27695-8208, (919) 515-7242, jhibbard@ sessions are scheduled for volunteered 30602-1619, (706) 542-3922, egarriso@ ncsu.edu; and Scott Samson, Dept. of papers. sherlock.dac.uga.edu. Earth Sciences, Syracuse University, Syra- 5. Solid Earth Science: The Founda- cuse, NY 13244-1070, (315) 443-2672, Symposia tion of Ecosystem Management [email protected]. 1. Phanerozoic Organic Buildups and Defendable Environmental 9. Characteristics of Paleogene of the Southeastern United States. Regulations. Cosponsored by the GSA Epoch Boundaries in the Eastern Sponsored by the Southeastern Section Paleon- Geology and Public Policy Committee and Gulf Coastal Plain: Biotic and Physi- tological Society. Frank K. (Ken) McKinney, the Institute for Environmental Education. cal Events. Barry Tew, Geological Survey Dept. of Geology, Appalachian State Uni- Walt Schmidt, Florida Geological Survey, of Alabama, P.O. Box O, Tuscaloosa, AL versity, Boone, NC 28608, (704) 262-2748, 903 W. Tennessee St., Tallahassee, FL 35486-9780, (205) 349-2852, nick@sand. [email protected]; and Carl W. 32304-7700, (904) 488-4191, schmidt_w@ gsa.tuscaloosa.al.us; and Ernie Mancini, Stock, Dept. of Geology, University of dep.state.fl.us. Dept. of Geology, University of Alabama, Alabama, Box 870338, Tuscaloosa, AL 6. Quantitative Studies of the Pres- Bevill Bldg., Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0338, 35487-0338, (205) 348-1883, cstock@ sures, Temperatures, and Durations (205) 348-5095, [email protected]. wgs.geo.ua.edu. of Metamorphic Processes. Bill Hames, 10. Interdisciplinary Characteriza- 2. Groundwater Geochemistry, Dept. of Geology, Auburn University, tion of Large, Environmentally Sen- Microbiology, and Bioremediation. Auburn, AL 36849-5305, (334) 844-4881, sitive Sites, Southeastern USA. Sponsored by the Institute for Environmental [email protected]; and Harold Sponsored by the Institute for Environmental Education. James A. Saunders, Dept. of Stowell, Dept. of Geology, University of Education. Jerry Bartholomew, Earth Sci- Geology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL Alabama, 202 Bevill Bldg., Tuscaloosa, AL ences and Resources Institute, University 36849-5303, (334) 844-4884, saundja@ 35487-0338, (205) 348-5095, hstowell@ of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, mail.auburn.edu; and W. Berry Lyons, wgs.geo.ua.edu. (803) 777-7693, [email protected]. Dept. of Geology, University of Alabama, 7. Mechanisms of Folding and Fracturing in Appalachian Foreland- Southeastern continued on p. 24

GSA TODAY, January 1997 23 Southeastern continued from p. 23 bus, GA 31907-5645, (706) 568-2075, at least 20 minutes prior to the beginning [email protected]; and Jack of the session. A speaker ready room Theme Sessions Carrington, Dept. of Geology, Auburn (AUHCC room H) for previewing slides Theme sessions provide a focus for University, Auburn, AL 36849-5305, (334) will be provided. volunteered sessions on specific topics. 844-4882, [email protected]. The following theme sessions are planned. 10. Remote Sensing in Geology. Phil POSTER SESSIONS 1. Advances in Southeastern Creta- Manker, Dept. of Geology and Physics, Four half-day poster sessions are ceous Geology. David T. King, Jr., Dept. Georgia Southwestern State University, planned. Posters will consist of one hori- of Geology, Auburn University, Auburn, Americus, GA 31709, (912) 931-2330, zontally hung, 4' × 8' foam board. Poster AL 36849-5305, (334) 844-4882, kingdat@ [email protected]. sessions will be set up for four hours, and mail.auburn.edu; and William J. Frazier, 11. GIS Applications in Geology. authors will be available for two hours to Dept. of Chemistry & Geology, Columbus Sponsored by the Institute for Environmental discuss their work. State University, Columbus, GA 31907-5645, Education. Greg Easson, University of (706) 568-2075, [email protected]. Mississippi, Geology and Geological Engi- WORKSHOPS 2. Rock and Fluid Chemistry of neering, 1180 Carrier Hall, University, MS Brittle Fault Zones. Jaffar Hadizadeh, 38677, (601) 232-5995, geasson@sunset. 1. Oxfordian Biostromes of the 325 Natural Science Bldg., University of backbone.olemiss.edu. Conecuh Embayment. David C. Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, (502) 12. Industrial Minerals and Rocks of Kopaska-Merkel. Wednesday, March 26, 852-6821, [email protected]. the Southeast. Robert B. Cook, Dept. of 1:00 to 4:00 p.m., 200 Petrie Hall. Partici- 3. Piedmont Subsurface Hydrology. Geology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL pants will look at cores of the Jurassic John Dowd and David Wenner, Dept. of 36849-5305, (334) 844-4891, cookrob@ Smackover Formation, Escambia County, Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, mail.auburn.edu; and Robert S. Fousek, Alabama, that exhibit a variety of micro- GA 30602, (706) 542-2382 or 2393, McCartney Construction Co., Inc., P.O. bial and other boundstone fabrics. Held [email protected]. Box 1890, Gadsden, AL 35902-1890, (205) in conjunction with the Paleontological 4. Field Mapping in the Southern 547-6386, fax 205-547-6390, bfousek@ Society symposium, Phanerozoic Organic Appalachians: A Poster Session in Mem- paveaway.com. Buildups of the Southeastern United ory of J. Robert Butler. Jon Mies, Dept. of 13. Geophysical Studies of the South- States (symposium 1). For more infor- Physics, Geology & Astronomy, University eastern United States. Lorraine Wolf, mation contact David Kopaska-Merkel, of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chat- Dept. of Geology, Auburn University, Geological Survey of Alabama, P.O. Box O, tanooga, TN 37403, (615) 755-4404, Auburn, AL 36849-5305, (334) 844-4878, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486-9780, (205) 349-2852, [email protected]; and Mark Stel- [email protected]. [email protected]. Cost: $20, tenpohl, Dept. of Geology, Auburn Uni- 14. Biomineralization. Roger M. including refreshments. Limit: 20. versity, Auburn, AL 36849-5305, (334) Leblanc, Dept. of Chemistry, University 2. Roy Shlemon Mentors in Applied 844-4893, [email protected]. of Miami, 1301 Memorial Dr., Room 315, Geology Program: Workshop for 5. New Developments in the Geology P.O. Box 249118, Coral Gables, FL Students. Ryan D. Turner. Wednesday, of the Piedmont. Alberto Patino-Douce, 33124-0431, (305) 284-2282, mmodrono@ March 26, 12:00 noon to 5:00 p.m., 118 Dept. of Geology, University of Georgia, umiami.ir.miami.edu. Petrie Hall. The Roy Shlemon Mentors in Athens, GA 30602, (706) 542-2652. 15. Coastal Sedimentology. W. F. Applied Geology Program, sponsored by 6. Coastal Response to Environ- Tanner, Dept. of Geology, Florida State the GSA Institute for Environmental Edu- mental Change. Sponsored by the University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-3026, cation (IEE), is a new program developed Institute for Environmental Education. (904) 644-3208. to present workshops for upper-level Ron Hoenstine, Florida Geological Survey, 16. Animal-Substrate Relations in undergraduate and graduate-level geo- Gunter Bldg., 902 W. Tennessee St., Talla- Modern and Ancient Environments. science students who will soon be entering hassee, FL 32304-7700, (904) 488-9380, Anthony J. Martin, Geosciences Program, the employment market. Ryan Turner of [email protected]; and Joseph Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, Turner Environmental Consultants, P.C., is Donoghue, Dept. of Geology, Florida State (404) 727-6476, paleoman@learnlink. the Shlemon Mentor for this meeting. The University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, (904) emory.edu. structure of the workshop includes open 644-4214, [email protected]. 17. Vertebrate Paleontology. David forum discussions of the Mentor’s exper- 7. Student Research Activities. Spon- Schwimmer, Dept. of Chemistry & Geol- tise (environmental hydrogeology), busi- sored by Sigma Gamma Epsilon. Don Neal, ogy, Columbus State University, Colum- ness, and experiences in making the tran- Dept. of Geology, East Carolina University, bus, GA 31907-5645, schwimmer_david@ sition from academia to the “real world,” Greenville, NC 27858-4353, (919) 328-6360, colstate.edu. and lab-style exercises on practical prob- [email protected]; and Douglas 18. Geostatistical Analysis of Subsur- lems that he has encountered, such as Haywick, Dept. of Geology & Geography, face Fluid Flow. Evan Paleologos, Dept. actual field cases, the running of his busi- University of South Alabama, LSCB 136, of Geological Sciences, University of South ness, marketing, dealing with government Mobile, AL 36688, (334) 460-6381, Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, (803) regulations, contracts, lawsuits, and expert [email protected]. 777-8125, [email protected]; and witness testimony. There is no charge to 8. Undergraduate Research Poster Ming-Kuo Lee, Dept. of Geology, Auburn students for this short course but registra- Session. Sponsored by the Council on Under- University, Auburn, AL 36849-5305, (334) tion is required and space is limited. Inter- graduate Research. Jack Beuthin, Dept. of 844-4898, [email protected]. ested students should submit a brief (half- Geology & Planetary Science, University page) statement of their interest in the of Pittsburgh, Johnstown, PA 15904, (814) PROJECTION EQUIPMENT program to Ryan Turner, Turner Environ- 269-2945; and Bill Ranson, Dept. of Geol- mental Consultants, 110 West Main St., All slides must be 2" × 2" and fit a ogy, Furman University, Greenville, SC Suite A, Carrboro, NC 27510, (919) standard 35-mm carousel tray. Please bring 29613, (803) 294-2052, ranson_bill@ 932-1590, [email protected]. Cost: FREE. your own loaded carousel trays, if possible. furman.edu. Limit: 25. Two 35-mm slide projectors, one overhead 9. K–12 and Introductory Earth projector, and two screens will be available Science Education. Sponsored by NAGT. for each oral technical session. Labeled Tom Hanley, Dept. of Chemistry & Geol- trays must be handed to the projectionist ogy, Columbus State University, Colum-

24 GSA TODAY, January 1997 STUDENT RESEARCH PROGRAMS 7:00–8:00 a.m.; for location see program 2. Contrasting Depositional Styles in or AUHCC video monitors. the Warrior and Cahaba Coal Fields, Sigma Gamma Epsilon will sponsor Alabama. March 25–26. Sponsored by an oral theme session (theme session 7) EXHIBITS SEPM. Jack Pashin, Alabama Geological devoted to student research. The session is Survey, P.O. Box O, Tuscaloosa, AL designed to showcase student scholarship Exhibits by business, education, and 35486-4780, (205) 349-2852; and without restrictions on subject matter, government institutions will be located Robert A. Gastaldo, Auburn University, classification, or membership in Sigma conveniently across from the technical (334) 844-4885, [email protected]. Gamma Epsilon. session rooms in the AUHCC. Free bever- Comparison of Carboniferous coastal The Council for Undergraduate ages will be provided in the exhibit area plain and offshore depositional systems Research will sponsor a student poster ses- for meeting registrants, and 24-hour secu- of the Warrior basin with mainly alluvial sion (theme session 8), to showcase senior rity will be provided in the exhibit hall. plain systems of the Cahaba basin. theses and other undergraduate research The number of booths is limited, so plan Cost: $85, including transportation from projects. to reserve space early. Exhibits will be Birmingham and return to Auburn, pre- open Thursday, 8:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m. and trip ice breaker, lunches, and guidebook. EARTH SCIENCE EDUCATION Friday, 8:00 a.m.–12:00 noon. For further The trip will originate at the Colonnade PROGRAMS information and space reservations, Hampton Inn, 3400 Colonnade Parkway, contact Ronald D. Lewis, Dept. of Geol- Two half-day theme sessions and a near the intersection of routes 280 and ogy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL one-day field trip are planned for K–12 459, Birmingham, Alabama. Hotel reserva- 36849-5305, (334) 844-4886, lewisrd@ and college-level introductory geology tions can be made at the Colonnade mail.auburn.edu. teachers. Theme session 8 is sponsored by Hampton Inn (205-967-0002; double the Council on Undergraduate Research rooms cost $76). Limit: 22. FIELD TRIPS and theme session 9 by the National Asso- 3. Industrial Minerals and Rocks of ciation of Geoscience Teachers (NAGT). Auburn’s location, central to the Pied- Northeastern Alabama. March 26. In addition, field trip 7 will feature rock mont, Valley and Ridge, and Gulf Coastal Robert S. Fousek, McCartney Construction exposures in the Auburn vicinity and a Plain provinces makes it an excellent base Co., Inc., P.O. Box 1890, Gadsden, AL tour of the Coca Cola Space Science for many interesting and inexpensive field 35902-1890, (205) 547-6386, fax 205- Center in Columbus, Georgia. trips. All field trip participants must register 547-6390; and Robert B. Cook, Auburn for the meeting. Field trip costs may include University, (334) 844-4891, cookrob@ SPECIAL EVENTS transportation, guidebook, and other mail.auburn.edu. Participants will visit a items as listed in the description. All trips clay pit and brick processing plant, sand GSA Southeastern Section Man- except for 1, 2, and 6 originate in Auburn. and gravel operation, and marble, lime- agement Board Meeting, Wednesday, Registration procedures, the form, and stone, and quartzite quarries. Cost: $75, March 26, 4:30–6:00 p.m., AUHCC Board deadlines are provided in this announce- including transportation departing from Room. ment. Registration at the meeting for and returning to Auburn, refreshments, GSA Southeastern Section postmeeting field trips may be possible lunch, and guidebook. Limit: 20. Campus Liaison Breakfast, Thursday, if trip logistics and space permit. If trips 4. Wetumpka Impact Crater. March 27, 6:30–8:00 a.m.; for location see are undersubscribed and canceled, partici- March 26. Tony Neathery, 1212-H 15th St. program or AUHCC video monitors. pants will be notified no fewer than 10 E., Tuscaloosa, AL 23505, (205) 553-5466; SEPM Southeastern Section days before the meeting, and all field trip David T. King, Jr., Auburn University, (334) Business Meeting, Thursday, March 27, fees will be refunded after the meeting. 844-4882, [email protected]; and 12:00 noon; for location see program or Plan travel alternatives in advance in case Lorraine Wolf, Auburn University, (334) AUHCC video monitors. the trip you are registered for is canceled. 844-4878, [email protected]. Par- GSA Southeastern Section Stu- There will be no refunds if participants fail ticipants will examine outcrops in the area dent Support Committee, Thursday, to show up on time for reasons other than of the Wetumpka impact crater as leaders March 27, 12:00 noon; for location see serious illness or emergency. Sponsoring describe structural, stratigraphic, and geo- program or AUHCC video monitors. agencies assume no liability whatsoever physical findings on this potential(?) K-T GSA Southeastern Section Com- for failure of participants to show for a boundary-related feature. A pre-trip, open mittee on Geology and Public Policy trip, for missed connections, or for injury, discussion of cratering processes will be Meeting, Thursday, March 27, 12:00 noon, loss, or damage during or resulting from held Tuesday, March 25, 7:00–9:00 p.m., AUHCC Board Room. transportation on the field trips. The num- in 118 Petrie Hall. Cost: $55, including Paleontological Society South- ber of participants on most trips is limited, so transportation departing from and return- eastern Section Business Meeting, register early. Additional information will ing to Auburn, refreshments, lunch, and Thursday, March 27, in session room be sent to trip participants at a later date. guidebook. Limit: 40. immediately following Paleontological The field trip coordinator is James A. 5. Comparison of the Pine Mountain Society symposium 1, Phanerozoic Saunders, (334) 844-4884, saundja@ Block Basement-Cover Sequence Organic Buildups of the Southeastern mail.auburn.edu. with the Lower Cambrian Clastic- United States. Carbonate Sequence of the Talladega GSA Southeastern Section Premeeting Slate Belt, Alabama. March 25–26. Business Meeting, Thursday, March 27, 1. The Salt Mountain Limestone, Denny Bearce, Dept. of Geology, Univer- 5:00–5:30 p.m., AUHCC Board Room. Clarke County, Alabama: A Late sity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birming- GSA Southeastern Section Ph.D.- Paleocene Coral-Algal-Sponge Reef. ham, AL 35294, (205) 934-2439, geof005@ Granting Earth Science Program March 26. Sponsored by Southeastern Section uabdpo.dpo.uab.edu; James Tull, Florida Chairs Breakfast Meeting, Friday, Paleontological Society. Jonathan R. Bryan, State University, (904) 644-4214, tull@ March 28, 7:00–8:00 a.m.; for location see Earth Sciences, Okaloosa-Walton Commu- geomag.gly.fsu.edu; and Mark Steltenpohl, program or AUHCC video monitors. nity College, 100 College Blvd., Niceville, Auburn University, (334) 844-4893, GSA Southeastern Section Edu- FL 32578, (904) 729-5246, jbryanowcc@ [email protected]. Comparison of cation Division and NAGT Officers aol.com. Cost: FREE. Departs from Jack- Late Proterozoic(?)–early Paleozoic Lauren- and State Representatives Combined son, Alabama, at 10:00 a.m., returns to Breakfast Meeting, Friday, March 28, Jackson at 1:00 p.m. Limit: 20. Southeastern continued on p. 26

GSA TODAY, January 1997 25 Southeastern continued from p. 25 Thomas Hanley, Dept. of Chemistry & pro golf courses, historic downtown Ope- Geology, Columbus State University, lika, and the Auburn University Athletic tian margin stratigraphic evolution in the Columbus, GA 31907-5645, (706) Museum and Hall of Honor. Downtown low-grade (chlorite zone) slate belt with 568-2075, [email protected]; and Auburn has quaint shops, restaurants, and that inferred from the high-grade (kyanite- Mark Steltenpohl, Auburn University, bars, all within a few blocks of the con- sillimanite zone) Pine Mountain block. (334) 844-4893, [email protected]. vention center. A 45-minute drive away is Cost: $50, including transportation Visit spectacular exposures of mylonites Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s Little White departing from and returning to Auburn, from the Towaliga, Bartletts Ferry, and House in Warm Springs, Georgia. Guests refreshments, lunch, and guidebook. Goat Rock fault zones as well as shear also are encouraged to visit scenic Chewa- Limit: 25. zones within the Pine Mountain Grenville cla State Park, is only 4 miles from the 6. Quaternary Stratigraphy of the basement massif. Cost: $30, including Hotel and Conference Center. A $1 charge Fall Zone, Chattahoochee Alluvial transportation departing from and return- per person at the entrance allows you to Valley. March 26. Don Thieme, Dept. of ing to Auburn, refreshments, lunch, and walk scenic trails through the woods, Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, guidebook. Limit: 25. around Chewacla Lake, and along cascades GA 30601, (706) 542-2430, dthieme@ that mark the fall line. uga.cc.uga.edu. Visit outcrops of fluvial During Meeting 1. Callaway Gardens. Thursday, deposits up to 100 feet above river grade 9. Self-guided tour of the Geology March 27, 10:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m. Dogwoods and terrace sequences showing active lat- of Chewacla State Park: Grenville and azaleas should be in bloom at beauti- eral migration and 40 feet of incision from Basement and Pine Mountain Group ful Callaway Gardens, site of the Buick late Pleistocene to early Holocene. Discus- Cover Sequence, Pine Mountain Open PGA golf tour. Guests will tour the sion of prehistoric and historic land use in Window, Alabama. Brandon Coates, Sibley Horticultural and Day Butterfly the vicinity of Lower Creek Kasihta and Auburn University Geology Club, Auburn Centers. Cost: $17, includes transportation Uchee towns will be of interest to those University, Auburn, AL 36849-5305, and entrance fee only. attending symposium 4, Current Direc- (334) 844-4282, [email protected]; 2. Horseshoe Bend National Military tions in Archaeological Geology—Late and and Charlie Waltman, Auburn University Park. Friday, March 28, 9:00 a.m.– Post-Pleistocene Environments. Cost: $30, Sigma Gamma Epsilon, Auburn University, 1:00 p.m. Participants will tour the including transportation departing from (334) 844-4282, [email protected]. visitor center and walk and ride (by van) Columbus, Georgia, and returning to Scenic Chewacla State Park is only a 4- through this famous battlefield, where Auburn, refreshments, lunch, and mile drive from the Hotel and Conference Major General Andrew Jackson defeated guidebook. Limit: 25. Center, and this self-guided tour leads you the Red Stick Creek Indians and attained along foot paths through spectacular fall- national prominence. Cost: $10, including Postmeeting line exposures of the Pine Mountain transportation. 7. Teachers’ Field Trip to Selected Grenville basement massif and its attached Exposures in the Piedmont and miogeoclinal cover. Cost: $5 for the field PUBLICATIONS Coastal Plain Provinces near guide, which can be purchased at the reg- A limited number of Abstracts with Auburn, Alabama. March 29. Sponsored istration desk; $1 per person charge to Programs for the meeting will be available by NAGT. Jack Carrington, Dept. of Geol- enter the park. at the registration desk. Advance-copy pur- ogy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL chases made through GSA Membership or 36849-5305, (334) 844-4282, carrith@ GUEST ACTIVITIES Publication Sales require prepayment and mail.auburn.edu. Visit field exposures in Guest trips are planned to beautiful will be mailed approximately three weeks the Auburn vicinity and enjoy a short tour Callaway Gardens on Thursday and/or prior to the meeting. Refunds for duplicate of the Coca Cola Space Science Center in historic Horseshoe Bend National Military orders will not be made. Columbus, Georgia. Cost: $16, including Park on Friday. Guests are strongly encour- transportation departing from and return- aged to preregister for these activities, as they STUDENT TRAVEL GRANTS ing to Auburn, and guidebook. Limit: 28. will be canceled if there is not sufficient inter- 8. Mylonites and Other Fault-related Limited funds for support of travel est. Fees for canceled trips will be refunded Rocks of the Pine Mountain and expenses for students presenting papers after the meeting. In addition to the two Uchee Belts of Eastern Alabama at the meeting are available from the GSA organized trips, points of interest in the and Western Georgia. March 29. Southeastern Section. For information, Auburn area are Chewacla State Park, three contact Harold Stowell, Dept. of Geology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, (205) 934-5102, [email protected]. ua.edu. Travel grant requests must be postmarked no later than February 21, 1997.

VisitVisit thethe OTHER INFORMATION For detailed information concerning the technical program, contact Charles E. Savrda, Dept. of Geology, Auburn Uni- versity, Auburn, AL 36849-5305, (334) GSAGSA BookstoreBookstore 844-4887, [email protected]. For other questions and suggestions, contact at all the local program co-chairs Mark Steltenpohl at all the ([email protected]) and Robert A. Gastaldo ([email protected]), Dept. of Geology, Auburn University, Auburn, 19971997 GSAGSA MeetingsMeetings AL 36849-5305, (334) 844-4282. ■

26 GSA TODAY, January 1997 Amount ______1 ______$ __ $ ______$ ______$ ______FREE FREE FREE FREE TOTAL FEES TOTAL $______(03) $70(05) $20(07) $25 __(42) $20 $ ______(09) $15 $ ______$ ______$ ______$ ______Full Meeting Qty. March 27 ( 60) March 29 (107)March 29 $16 (108) 1 $30 $ ______1 $ ______March 28 ( 21) $10 __ $ ______March 26 (101) March 27 ( 20) $17 __ $ ______March 27 ( 61) March 26 (150)March 26 $20 __ (151) $ ______March 26 (106) $30 1 $ ______March 25-26 (102) $85March 26 1 $ (103)March 26 ______$75 (104) 1March 25-26 $55 (105) $50 $ ______1 1 $ ______$ ______...... (01) $65...... (01) __ $ ...... Student Support Committee Lunch Member fee applies to any current Professional OR Student of GSA or Associated Societies listed at left. Discount does not apply to guest registrants. 8. Mylonites and Other Fault-related Rocks PREREGISTRATION FEES PREREGISTRATION Professional Member* * GUEST EVENTS 1. Callaway Gardens 2. Horseshoe Bend National Military Park SPECIAL EVENTS 1. GSA SE Section Campus Liaison Breakfast GSA SE Section 2. WORKSHOP 1. Oxfordian Biostromes 2. Shlemon Mentors Program for Students FIELD TRIPS 1. Salt Mountain Limestone 7. Teachers’ Field Trip Field Trip 7. Teachers’ 2. Contrasting Depositional Styles 3. Industrial Minerals and Rocks Impact Center 4. Wetumpka 5. Comparison of the Pine Mountain Block 6. Quaternary Stratigraphy of the Fall Zone Professional Nonmember Student Member* Student Nonmember Professional KÐ12 Guest I ⁄ fax Expires DR CR Home Phone Business Phone FOR OFFICE USE I Auburn, Alabama, March 27–28, 1997 Auburn, Alabama, March ( ______) ______-______( ______) ______-______( ______) ______-______A ______CK#______V ______M ______Bal. A/R 1233-12440 ______Ref. A/P 2006 ______Refund ck# ______ORM F Employer/University Affiliation Mailing Address (use two lines if necessary) February 21 Name as it should appear on your guest’s badge City State Name as it should appear on your badge (last name first) City State or Country City State or Country ZIP Code Country (if other than USA) February 28 Please print clearly ¥ BADGE YOUR THIS AREA IS FOR I I I I

GUEST INFORMATION ¥ Please print clearly ¥ badge This area is for I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I II I any special considerations that you or Please inform us by February 21 of Please inform us by February 21 (A) GSA (B) NAGT (C) PS (D) SEPM I will need special considerations. REREGISTRATION Check American Express VISA MasterCard I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II I your guest require.

P GSA Southeastern Section Circle member affiliation (to qualify for registration discount): Deadline: Preregistration Deadline for changes Copy for your records. or cancellations is MAIL TO: GSA SOUTHEASTERN SECTION MEETING, 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 BOX P.O. to: funds payable Remit in U.S. GSA Southeastern Section Meeting 1997 be prepaid. must (All preregistrations Purchase Orders not accepted.) Payment by (check one): I Card Number I Signature

GSA TODAY, January 1997 27 VOLUME 25 January BULLETIN and NO. 1 P. 1Ð96 GEOLOGY Contents JANUARY 1997 3 Simultaneous presence of orbital inclination and eccentricity in proxy climate records from Ocean Drilling Program Site 806 The Geological Society of America Richard A. Muller, Gordon J. MacDonald 7 Dating the shock wave and thermal imprint of the giant Vredefort impact, South Africa D. E. Moser Volume 109, Number 1, January 1997 11 Himalayan drainage patterns and the origin of fluvial megafans in the Ganges foreland basin CONTENTS Sanjeev Gupta 15 Fluid flow vs. scale of shear zones in the lower continental crust and the granulite paradox 1 Editor’s message Eric Pili, Simon M. F. Sheppard, Jean-Marc Lardeaux, Jean-Emmanuel Martelat, Chris- tian Nicollet 2Ð15 Burial diagenesis of argillaceous sediment, South Texas Gulf of 19 Old World first appearance datum of “Hipparion” horses: Late Miocene Mexico sedimentary basin: A reexamination large-mammal dispersal and global events Lynton S. Land, Larry E. Mack, Kitty L. Milliken, and F. Leo Lynch Miguel Garcés, Lluís Cabrera, Jordi Agustí, Josep Maria Parés 23 Oblique convergence and the lobate mountain belts of western Pakistan 16Ð42 OVERVIEW: Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic geography and tectonics: Saad S. B. Haq, Dan M. Davis Review, hypothesis, environmental speculation 27 Intensification of the Asian monsoon and a chemical weathering event Ian W. D. Dalziel in the late Miocene–early Pliocene: Implications for late Neogene climate change 43Ð62 Groundwater sapping processes, Western Desert, Egypt Gabrielle M. Filippelli Wei Luo, Raymond E. Arvidson, Mohamed Sultan, Richard Becker, 31 18O/16O homogenization of the middle crust during anatexis: The Thor- Mary Katherine Crombie, Neil Sturchio, and Zeinhom El Alfy Odin metamorphic core complex, British Columbia Gregory J. Holk, Hugh P. Taylor, Jr. 63Ð73 Origin of broken phenocrysts in ash-flow tuffs 35 New absolute time scale for the Quaternary climate in the Chinese Myron G. Best and Eric H Christiansen loess region by grain-size analysis Jef Vandenberghe, An Zhisheng, Govert Nugteren, Lu Huayu, Ko Van Huissteden 74Ð94 Mesozoic tectonics and metamorphism in the Pequop Mountains and 39 Miocene to present vegetation changes: A possible piece of the Ceno- Wood Hills region, northeast Nevada: Implications for the architecture zoic cooling puzzle and evolution of the Sevier orogen Jan F. Dutton, Eric J. Barron Phyllis A. Camilleri and Kevin R. Chamberlain 42 Melting experiments on lherzolite KLB-1 under hydrous conditions and generation of high-magnesian andesitic melts 95Ð106 Paleomagnetic and 40Ar/39Ar age constraints on the chronologic evolu- Kei Hirose tion of the Rio Puerco volcanic necks and Mesa Prieta, west-central 45 Controls on flash flood magnitude and hydrograph shape, Upper Blue New Mexico: Implications for transition zone magmatism Hills badlands, Utah R. Bruce Hallett, Philip R. Kyle, and W. C. McIntosh Gregory S. Dick, Robert S. Anderson, Daniel E. Sampson 49 Paleoclimatic significance of the stratigraphic occurrence of photosyn- 107Ð126 Alternating contraction and extension in the hinterlands of orogenic thetic biomarker pigments in the Nordic seas belts: An example from the Raft River Mountains, Utah Antoni Rosell-Melé, Nalân Koç Michael L. Wells 53 Grenvillian extensional tectonics in northwest Scotland Stephen Temperley, Brian F. Windley 57 Mathematical modeling of autocompaction of a Holocene transgressive valley-fill deposit, Wolfe Glade, Delaware James E. Pizzuto, Axel E. Schwendt 61 Anorthosites and related granitoids in the Grenville orogen: A product of convective thinning of the lithosphere? MOVING? Don’t risk missing a single issue D. Corrigan, S. Hanmer of GSA Today! If you’re planning on changing your 65 Assessment of (U-Th)/He thermochronometry: The low-temperature history of the San Jacinto Mountains, California address, simply write in your new address and mail R. A. Wolf, K. A. Farley, L. T. Silver this coupon along with your subscription mailing 69 Magma transport at Hawaii: Inferences based on igneous thermo- label (use label from this newsletter) to: GSA, barometry Membership Services, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO Keith Putirka 80301-9140. Or you may call with your change of address 73 Crustal mass transfer and index mineral growth in Barrow’s garnet information— (303) 447-2020 or 1-800-472-1988 or E-mail us at zone, northeast Scotland [email protected]. Jay J. Ague 77 Partial melts of subducted phosphatic sediments in the mantle (Report address changes at least six weeks in advance. If possible, give us your Jeffrey M. Rosenbaum, Marjorie Wilson, Eric Condliffe change of address by the tenth of the month.) 81 Gold: A tracer of the dynamics of tropical laterites PLEASE PRINT Fabrice Colin, Zakaria Sanfo, Erick Brown, Didier Bourlès, Ambriose Edou Minko 85 Influences of temperature and Mg:Ca ratio on CaCO3 precipitates from seawater Name ______John W. Morse, Qiwei Wang, Mai Yin Tsio Forum Address ______88 An 1161 Ma suture in the Frontenac terrane, Ontario segment of the Grenville orogen Comment: A. Davidson, D. M. Carmichael Reply: R. S. Hildebrand, R. M. Easton ______90 Kisseynew metasedimentary gneiss belt, Trans-Hudson orogen (Canada): Back-arc origin and collisional inversion City ______Comment: H. V. Zwanzig Reply: Kevin M. Ansdell, Stephen B. Lucas, Karen Connors, Richard A. Stern 92 Yucatán subsurface stratigraphy: Implications and constraints for the State/ZIP/Country ______Chicxulub impact Comment: M. Pêcheux, F. Michaud Reply: Gerta Keller, Wolfgang Stinnesbeck Phone (business hours) ______94 Guidelines for Geology Authors 95 Editorial: New Year’s Resolutions I do not wish to have this number 95 Cenozoic postrift domal uplift of North Atlantic margins: An astheno- in the Membership Directory. spheric diapirism model: Correction 96 Suggestions to Authors for Producing Geology Artwork

28 GSA TODAY, January 1997 In Memoriam

Robert E. Bergstrom Champaign, Illinois September 28, 1996 Orlo Childs Congressional Tucson, Arizona Science Fellowship James R. Butler Chapel Hill, North Carolina 1997–1998 September 27, 1996 Helen L. Cannon he Geological Society of America ular area, and a strong interest in Santa Fe, New Mexico October 20, 1996 is accepting applications for the working on a range of public policy T George H. Dury 1997–1998 Congressional Science Fel- problems. Suffolk, England lowship. The Fellow selected will Award October 4, 1996 spend a year (September 1997– The GSA Congressional Science Gus H. Goudarzi August 1998) in the office of an indi- Fellowship carries with it a $42,000 Brocksville, Florida vidual member of Congress or a con- May 29, 1996 stipend, and limited health insurance, gressional committee for the purpose relocation, and travel allowances. The Galen C. Knutsen of contributing scientific and technical Littleton, Colorado fellowship is funded by GSA and by a expertise to public policy issues and grant from the U.S. Geological Survey. Francis McKeown gaining firsthand experience with the Lakewood, Colorado (Employees of the USGS are ineligible legislative process. The American Asso- to apply for this fellowship. For infor- Charles W. Prewett ciation for the Advancement of Sci- Kingwood, Texas mation about other programs, contact ence conducts an orientation program June 6, 1996 AAAS or the Geological Society of to assist the Fellow seeking a congres- Alfred Rittman America.) sional staff position in which he or she Catania, Italy can work on major legislative issues. To Apply William J. Sando Procedures for application and Washington, D.C. Criteria detailed requirements are available October 9, 1996 The program is open to highly in the geology departments of Bernard B. Scheps qualified postdoctoral earth scientists. most colleges and universities in the Haifa, Israel January 21, 1996 Candidates should have exceptional United States or upon request competence in some area of the earth from: Executive Director, Geological Laurence L. Sloss Evanston, Illinois sciences, cognizance of a broad range Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, November 2, 1996 of matters outside the Fellow’s partic- Boulder, CO 80301. Robert C. Spivey DEADLINE FOR RECEIPT OF ALL APPLICATION MATERIALS IS FEBRUARY 3, 1997 Carbondale, Kansas October 22, 1996

MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATES NOW AVAILABLE Enter my order for one copy of the Fellow Member certificate with my name imprinted as: ______(Please Print) (Certificate will bear your present membership classification and the date that you attained that classification.) Enclosed is my remittance in the amount of $10.00 to cover the cost of handling, mailing, and imprinting. (Delivery time approximately six weeks) Mail certificate to: ______Please send order form and remittance to: Geological Society of America, Membership Services Department,

P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301 U.S.A. 1/97

GSA TODAY, January 1997 29 CALENDAR

June Only new or changed information is being 1997 Meetings June 10–12, International Symposium on published in GSA Today. A complete listing Physics, Chemistry, and Ecology of Season- can be found in the Calendar section on February ally Frozen Soils, Fairbanks, Alaska. Information: the Internet: http://www.geosociety.org. February 9–12, International Containment Conferences and Special Events, 104 Eielson Bldg., Technology Conference, St. Petersburg, Florida. P.O. Box 757800, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7800, Information: Conference Coordinator, Florida State 1997 Penrose Conferences (907) 474-7800, fax 907-474-5592, E-mail: fyci@ University, 2035 East Paul Dirac Dr., 226 HMB, aurora.alaska.edu, http://www.nstl.gov/frozen. April Tallahassee, FL 32310-3700, (904) 644-5524, April 24–30, Paleocene-Eocene Boundary fax 904-574-6704, E-mail: [email protected], June 17–22, Chapman/CSEDI/JOI/USSSP Con- Events in Time and Space, Albuquerque, http://em-50.em.doe.gov/BEST/FA/landfills/ ference on the History and Dynamics of New Mexico. Information: Spencer Lucas, New containment.html. Global Plate Motions, Point Reyes National Mexico Museum of Natural History, 1801 Moun- Seashore, Marshall, California. Information: AGU March tain Road NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104, (505) Meetings Department, Plate Motions Conference, March 23–26, Symposium on the Applica- 841-2873, fax 505-841-2866, E-mail: lucas@ 2000 Florida Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20009, tion of Geophysics to Environmental and darwin.nmmnh-abq.mus.nm.us. (202) 462-6900, fax 202-328-0566, E-mail: Engineering Problems, Reno, Nevada. Infor- [email protected]. September mation: Jayne Sturges, SAGEEP, 7632 Costilla Ave., September 10–15, Faults and Subsurface Fluid Englewood, CO 80112, (303) 771-2000, fax 303- June 18–20, 1997, 3rd International Sympo- Flow: Fundamentals and Applications to 843-6232, E-mail: [email protected]. sium on Fractals and Dynamic Systems in Hydrogeology and Petroleum Geology, Geoscience, High Tatras, Stara Lesna, Slovakia. April Albuquerque and Taos, New Mexico. Information: Information: M. Kupkova, Institute of Materials Early April, World Mining & Industrial Expo 97, William C. Haneberg, New Mexico Bureau of Research SAS, Watsonova 47, 04353 Kosice, Shenzhen, China. Information: U-Link Marketing, Mines and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Insti- Slovakia, phone: 42-95-6338116, fax: 42-95- 1780-401 W. Georgia St., Vancouver, BC V6B 5A1, tute of Mining and Technology, 2808 Central Ave. 6337108, E-mail: [email protected], Canada, (604) 669-8169, fax 604-669-6812, SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, (505) 262-2774, http://www.saske.sk/FRACTAL/fr.html. http://www.worldmineexpo.com. fax 505-255-5253, E-mail: [email protected]. July For more information, see May July 14–15, Rocky Mountain Symposium on http://www.nmt.edu/~haneberg/Fluids.html. May 8–10, 48th Highway Geology Sympo- Environmental Issues in Oil and Gas Opera- sium, Knoxville, Tennessee. Information: Harry September 23–28, Tectonics of Continental tions, Golden, Colorado. Information: Special Pro- Moore, Tennessee Department of Transportation, Interiors, Cedar City, Utah. Information: Michael grams and Continuing Education, Colorado School Geotechnical Section, P.O. Box 58, Knoxville, TN Hamburger, Department of Geological Sciences, of Mines, 1-800-446-9488, ext. 3321 (8-5 MST), 37901, (423) 594-9436, fax 423-594-9310. Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, (812) fax 303-273-3314, E-mail: [email protected], (Abstract deadline: January 15, 1997.) 855-2934, fax 812-855-7899, E-mail: http://www.mines.edu/Outreach/Cont_Ed. [email protected]. September Send notices of meetings of general interest, in format above, to Editor, GSA Today, P.O. Box 9140, September 14–18, Evolution of the Marine Boulder, CO 80301, E-mail: [email protected]. Phytoplankton, American Association of Strati- graphic Palynologists special symposium, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Information: Paul K. Strother, Weston Observatory of Boston College, Dept. of Geology & Geophysics, Weston, MA 02193, (617) 552-8395, fax: 617-552-8388; E-mail: [email protected], http://www2.bc. edu/~strother/1997_AASP/1997.html. September 27–30, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Eastern Section and Society for Organic Petrology Joint Annual Meeting, Lexington, Kentucky. Information: James Drahovzal, Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0107, (606) 257-5500, fax 606-257-1147, E-mail: [email protected], http://www.uky.edu/ ArtsSciences/Geology/eaapg/welcome.html. (Abstract deadline: April 1, 1997.) September 28–October 2, Brazilian Geophysi- cal Society Fifth International Congress, Saõ Paulo, Brazil. Information: Technical Program Committee, Icaro Vitorello or Antonio L. Padilha, phone 55-123-25-6784 or 6807, fax 55-123- 25-6810, E-mail: [email protected], padilha@ das.inpe.br, [email protected]. (Abstracts deadline: May 30, 1997.) October October 28–November 1, Mining and Geology Forum—Mineral Raw Resources of the CIS, St. Petersburg, Russia. Information: Tatiana Perepetch, RESTEC, St. Petersburg, http:// www.spb.su/restec. November November 17–19, Applied Geologic Remote Sensing Twelfth International Conference, Denver, Colorado. Information: Robert Rogers, ERIM, Box 134001, Ann Arbor, MI 48113-4001, (313) 994-1200, ext. 3234, fax 313-994-5123, E-mail: [email protected]. (Summary deadline: March 21, 1997.)

30 GSA TODAY, January 1997 GSA ANNUAL MEETINGS

1997 1998 Salt Lake City, Utah Toronto, Ontario, Canada, October 26–29 October 20–23 Metro Toronto Convention Centre Salt Palace Sheraton Toronto Centre Hotel and Towers Convention Center General Chair: Jeffrey J. Fawcett, University of Toronto Little America Hotel Technical Program Chairs: Denis M. Shaw, McMaster University General Chair: M. Lee Allison, Andrew Miall, University of Toronto Utah Geological Survey Call for Field Trip Proposals: Technical Program Chairs: We are interested in proposals for single-day and multi-day field trips John Bartley, Erich Petersen, beginning or ending in Toronto, and dealing with all aspects of the University of Utah geosciences. Please contact the Field Trip Chairs listed below. Theme Session Proposal Pierre Robin Henry Halls Deadline is January 2, 1997. University of Toronto Erindale College See November GSA Today for the theme invitation or the Dept. of Geology Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, World Wide Web for invitation and proposal form: http:// 22 Russell Street Canada www.geosociety.org. Proposals are sent directly to John Bartley. Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada (905) 828-5363 (416) 978-3022 fax 905-828-3717 Field Trip Chairs: Bart Kowallis, Brigham Young University fax 416-978-3938 [email protected] Paul Link, Idaho State University No more field trips will be accepted.

FUTURE MEETINGS 1999 — Denver, Colorado ...... October 25–28 2001 — Boston, Massachusetts ...... November 5–8 2000 — Reno, Nevada ...... November 13–16 2002 — Denver, Colorado ...... October 28–31

GSA SECTION MEETINGS—1997

NORTHEASTERN SECTION, March 17–19, Sheraton Valley Forge Hotel, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. Information: William A. Crawford, Department of Geology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010-2899, (610) 526-5112, fax 610-526-5086, wcrawfor@ brynmawr.edu. Preregistration Deadline: February 14, 1997.

SOUTH-CENTRAL and ROCKY MOUNTAIN SECTIONS, March 20–21, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas. Information: Elizabeth Y. Anthony, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968-0555, (915) 747-5483, anthony@ geo.utep.edu. Preregistration Deadline: February 7, 1997.

SOUTHEASTERN SECTION, March 27–28, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. Information: Mark G. Steltenpohl, Department of Geology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5305, (334) 844-4893, [email protected]. Preregistration Deadline: February 21, 1997.

NORTH-CENTRAL SECTION, May 1–2, The Concourse Hotel, Madison, Wisconsin. Information: Thomas J. Evans, Wisconsin Geol. & Nat. History Survey, 3817 Mineral Point Rd., Madison, WI 53705, (608) 263-4125, [email protected] Deadline: March 28, 1997.

CORDILLERAN SECTION, May 21–23, Kona Surf Resort and Convention Center, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. Submit completed abstracts to: Fred MacKenzie, Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii–SOEST, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, (808) 956-6344, [email protected]. Abstract Deadline: January 24, 1997.

GSA TODAY, January 1997 31 Field Trips with a Difference for GSA Members and Friends CALL TODAY! HOLD A SPOT FOR YOURSELF AND FRIENDS.

We encourage you to make your when the reservation is made. We will do our best to accommodate decision as soon as possible. There special needs, including dietary requirements and physical disabili- is great interest in these trips; many ties. Please feel free to discuss your situation with us; however, we people have registered already. reserve the right to decline any person as a member of a trip. We General Fee Information: also reserve the right to require a person to withdraw from the trip If you have been with us previously at any time when such action is determined to be in the best inter- on a GeoTrip, the nonmember sur- ests of the health, safety, and general welfare of the group. charge will be waived. Please Air Travel: We strongly urge you to make air travel arrange- remind us of this when you register. ments via Travel King, GSA’s official travel agency. We have discussed Sorry, there is no nonmember the trips in detail with the helpful agents at Travel King. They are surcharge waiver for GeoHostels, ready to help you find the least expensive routing to your destination. however, if you attend more than Please call Travel King for a no-obligation price quote at 1-800-458- one 1997 GeoHostel, we will waive 6398 toll free, or (303) 776-2270 collect from outside the U.S. The the sucharge. fax number is 303-776-5170. Single or Shared Accommoda- Cancellation Processing Fee: Deposits and payments are refund- tion: Some trip fees are based on able, less processing fee, up to the cut-off date. Termination by an double occupancy. However, if you wish single accommodations, a individual during a trip in progress for any reason whatsoever will not limited number of rooms are available at extra cost on a first-come, result in a refund, and no refund will be made for unused portions of first-served basis. In the case of double occupancies, we will do our the trip. best to help find a suitable roommate, but if none is found, the sin- Full Itineraries: Detailed itineraries for each GeoVenture and gle rate will apply. Please read the lodging information for each trip. helpful travel information are available from GSA. Please feel free Age Requirement: Participants must be at least 21 years old. to contact Edna Collis, GSA Meetings Department, at 1-800-472- Health Recommendations and Special Needs: You must be in 1988, ext. 134 or (303) 447-2020, fax 303-447-0648, good physical and mental health. Any physical condition requiring [email protected]. special attention, diet, or treatment, must be reported in writing

1997 GeoVentures Fee Schedule Italy Canyonlands Mt. St. Helens Yellowstone- Sky Islands Beartooth SE Arizona Dates May 9–21 May 30–June 7 June 21–26 July 19–24 August 2–7 No. of Days 14 10 6 6 6 Member Fee $2375 $1445 $650 $690 $540 Nonmember Fee $2475 $1545 $700 $740 $590 Deposit $250 $200 $100 $100 $100 Balance Due February 28 March 28 April 28 May 28 June 28 100% Deposit refund date (less February 28 March 28 April 28 May 28 June 28 processing fee) ($50) ($50) ($20) ($20) ($20)

DEPOSIT NO. OF TOTAL PAID REGISTER TODAY! PER PERSON PERSONS DEPOSIT GT971—Italy $250 ____ $______Send a deposit to hold your reservation; please pay by check or credit GT972—Canyonlands $200 ____ $______card. You will receive further information and a confirmation of your GH971—Mount St. Helens $100 ____ $______registration within one week after your reservation is received. GH972—Yellowstone $100 ____ $______GH973—Sky Islands $100 ____ $______TOTAL DEPOSIT $______Name I’ve enclosed no deposit, but I’m interested. Please send information. Institution/Employer VISA MasterCard American Express Mailing Address Credit Card # Exp. Date City/State/Country/ZIP Signature Phone (business/home) YOU CAN REGISTER ON THE WEB OR MAIL OR FAX Guest Name REGISTRATION FORM AND CHECK OR CREDIT CARD INFORMATION TO: GSA Member # 1997 GSA GeoVentures, GSA Meetings Department, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. CALL TODAY FOR MORE INFORMATION: fax 303-447-0648 1-800-472-1988, x134, or (303) 447-2020, E-mail: [email protected]. Check for updates: http://www.geosociety.org MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO: GSA 1997 GeoVentures

32 GSA TODAY, January 1997 tion. The group takes a ferry to the island volcano of Strom- boli, which has been continuously active for more than 2,500 years. Additional ferry trips go to the adjacent volcanic islands of Lipari and Vulcano. The group continues to Sicily and ascends Mount Etna, Europe’s largest active volcano before returning home on May 21. There are no special physical requirements, although we will ask that everyone provide verification of health care coverage.

Travel Group reservations on Alitalia Airlines are offered at $876 plus tax between Newark and Naples-Catania-Newark. An add-on fare using Continental airlines from selected United States gateways to Newark to connect with Alitalia is available. Of course, air miles on other airlines can be used. We strongly encourage you to talk with TR Consultants Italy’s Volcanoes about your air reservations at 1-800-923-7422. May 9–21, 1997, 12 days, 11 nights All arrangements for the ground parts of this trip have

Photos by Haraldur Sigurdsson been made by TR Consultants, Inc. and its partner company, GeoTrip Volcano Tours—both in Providence, Rhode Island. Scientific Leaders Fee, Payment, and Cancellation Haraldur Sigurdsson, Graduate School of Oceanography, GSA Member: $2375 Nonmember: $2475 University of Rhode Island The single supplement is $350, based on availability of rooms— Mauro Rosi, Department of Geology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy many of the places we are visiting have very limited lodging. GSA is handling trip reservations: A deposit of $250 is due Description with your reservation. The deposit is refundable (less a $50 pro- This unique trip has been requested dozens of times. At last cessing fee) through February 28. The total balance is due February it’s here, with extraordinary leaders! It begins on May 9 with air 28. (Because of the limited access to some of the sites, we have to travel to Rome, connecting to Naples, and a tour of Vesuvius volcano. The trip continues with visits to the archaeological sites of Pompeii and Herculaneum, destroyed by the famous A.D. 79 erup- Italy continued on p. 34

GeoTrip Scientific Leader Jack Campbell, Department of Geology, Ft. Lewis College, Durango, Colorado Description This trip is an exceptional educational opportunity for the physically active person. We will be hiking the rim area of the Canyonlands, inlcuding trips to the LaSal Mountains and Arches National Park (Fiery Furnace). We’ll hike from the rim at the Upheaval Dome site to the river to meet the rafts. Each day after that we’ll hike from our campsite to a remarkable new area. At last the boatmen guide our rafts through the wet and wild Cataract Canyon, which is a major whitewater experience. Our last day, we’ll hike out Dark Canyon back to the rim where we will be picked up for the return flight to Moab. This sunset overflight is unforgettable. For post-trip adventure, Moab is within driving distance of Bryce, Zion, and Grand Canyon and an array of other features such as Capitol Reef and the newly designated Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument.

Lodging, Meals, and Transportation Lodging in Moab will be in a comfortable motel. Camping near the river for several nights will be in tents and sleeping bags provided by the rafting outfitter. Meals are provided except for the departure morning. Travel will be by vans, motorized rafts (J-rigs) or on foot. During the days on the rim, transportation will be by van. A spectacular overflight by char- ter air returns groups from Hite—across Canyonlands—back to Moab. Arches, Physical Requirements Especially because of the heat in southeastern Utah at this time of year (~90–100 °F), individuals must be in excellent health. The trip includes Canyonlands, and several substantial hikes for which each person will carry a day pack with Cataract Canyon camera, water, and snacks. The longest hike will be 5 miles with a 2000-ft. May 30 to June 7, 1997, 10 days, 9 nights Arches continued on p. 34 Photos by Ken Kolm

GSA TODAY, January 1997 33 one of the reasons Congress set aside the heart of the affected area as Mount St. Helens National Mount St. Helens Volcanic Monument. Two days will be devoted to the east and southeast sides of Mount St. Helens, and Mount Rainier and two days to the south and west sides, including two stunning new visitor facilities in the heart of the devastated area, and one day will be at spectacular Mount Rainier (northeast, east, and south flanks) in Mount Rainier National Park. While at Mount St. Helens, we will hike through a remaining stand of old-growth coniferous trees, many as tall as 230 feet. Each day involves a hike through a unique landscape; none of the hikes is longer than about three miles nor with an altitude change of more than about 900 feet. Because snow will still be visible on the higher mountain peaks, June will be stunning for photography.

Lodging, Meals, and Ground Transportation Packwood and Kelso, Washington The group will stay on Saturday, Sunday, and June 21–26, 1997, 6 days, 6 nights Monday at the Inn of Packwood, Packwood, Wash- Photo by Richard Waitt ington, and on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday nights at the Red Lion Inn in Kelso, Washington. GeoHostel All lodging is based on double occupancy. Meals will include plenty Scientific Leaders of hors d’oeuvres at the Welcoming Reception and Orientation on Richard Waitt, U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Saturday evening, daily breakfasts, sack lunches, and a hearty Observatory, Vancouver, Washington farewell dinner on Thursday evening. Field trip transportation will be provided in air-conditioned, 15-passenger vans. Patrick Pringle, Washington Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, Washington Fee and Payment $650 for GSA Members $700 for Nonmembers Description $100 deposit is due with your reservation and is refundable This GeoHostel will focus on field trips to Mount St. Helens, through April 28, less $20 processing fee. Total balance is due: especially to explore processes and effects of the cataclysmic erup- April 28. tion of May 18, 1980. Among them are: decapitation of former Included: Classroom programs and materials; field trip trans- summit; world’s largest historic landslide; tsunami wave as high as portation; lodging for six nights (double occupancy); meals outlined 800 feet on Spirit Lake; gigantic pyroclastic surge (so-called “lateral above; welcoming and farewell events. blast”) that in four minutes mowed down 235 square miles of Not included: Transportation to and from Portland, Oregon; mature forest; great muddy floods (lahars). The ever-changing transportation during hours outside class and field trips; and other processes of revegetation, reforestation, and reentry of fauna to expenses not specifically included. the devastated area are part of the scientifically unique experience,

Italy continued from p. 33 fast on May 21. Transport is by deluxe air-conditioned motorcoach for eight days (Naples, Lipari, and Sicily); none is required in Vul- make payments to the Italian providers 60 days in advance of cano and Stromboli. Ferry transportation is included for island departure.) The fee is nonrefundable after February 28. travel. Also included are field guides and maps, wine with dinner, Included: The trip fee includes all lodging, meals, ground gratuities, taxes, and all fees. Just pack your bags! transportation (including ferries), and fees. Accommodations are Not Included: Airfare, airport departure taxes, travel insur- based on double occupancy in “Superior Tourist” class hotels, and ance, lodging in Newark, personal expenses such as soda pop and one night aboard a ferry on May 13. Every day includes full break- alcoholic beverages, laundry, excess baggage fees, transfers for pas- fasts, box lunches, and full dinners. Meals are included for the sengers arriving and departing independently, and other expenses arrival night on May 10 and continue through the departure break- not specifically included.

Arches continued from p. 33 ment is $160. It is refundable through March 28, less $50 processing fee. Total balance due: March 28. Minimum age: 21. elevation gain. Although taken at a reasonable pace with many points Included: All meals starting with dinner on arrival night but to rest and to explore the geology, these hikes should be undertaken excluding breakfast on the departure day; comfortable four-wheel- only by persons who are in good health and physically active. Verifi- drive van transportation; four nights double-occupancy lodging at cation of health care coverage will be required. No rafting experience the Moab Valley Inn; tents, sleeping bags, and pads when camping is necessary; however, Cataract Canyon offers some of the biggest (refund if you bring your own); geological reading materials and and most challenging whitewater in the United States. guidebook; overflight of Canyonlands; and of course, the compan- ionship of expert scientific leaders. Fee and Payment Not included: Gratuities for raft guides. Airfare from Grand GSA Member: $1445 Nonmember: $1545 Junction, Colorado, or transfer to Moab. We will arrange for an A $200 deposit is due with your reservation. The single supple- optional group shuttle.

34 GSA TODAY, January 1997 GeoHostel The Geology of the Scientific Leaders: Rob Thomas and Sheila Roberts, Western Montana College, Dillon, Montana Yellowstone-Beartooth Description The geology of the Yellowstone-Beartooth country is some of the most spec- Country, Montana tacular in North America, from Archean metamorphic rocks to Quaternary glacial deposits. The GeoHostel will include field trips to look at Archean through Qua- and Wyoming ternary geology of the Beartooth plateau via the famous Beartooth Highway, lay- ered mafic intrusions at the Stillwater Mine, Absaroka volcanics in the upper Clarks Fork drainage, the Heart Mountain detachment and Phanerozoic stratigraphy of the Sunlight Basin and Dead Indian Hill region, and volcanics of the northeastern edge of the Yellowstone plateau. The trips are full days. Enjoy the spectacular scenery of the Yellowstone-Beartooth country. Lodging, Meals, and Ground Transportation The group will be lodged at the Best Western Lu Pine Inn in double occupancy motel-type rooms. GSA will do its best to help find a suitable roommate for single travelers. Meals will include plenty of hors d’oeuvres at the Welcoming Reception and Orientation on Saturday evening, daily breakfasts and sack lunches, dinner on Monday evening at the Grizzly Bar, and a hearty farewell dinner on Thursday evening. Field trip transportation will be provided in air-conditioned, 15-passenger vans. Fee and Payment $690 for GSA Members $740 for Nonmembers $100 deposit is due with your reservation and is refundable through May 28, less $20 processing fee. Total balance is due: May 28. Included: Classroom programs and materials; field trip transportation; lodging for 6 nights; double occupancy, meals outlined above; welcoming and farewell events. Red Lodge, Montana Not included: Transportation to and from Red Lodge, Montana; transporta- July 19–24, 1997, 6 days, 6 nights tion during hours outside class and field trips; and other expenses not specifically

Photos by Rob Thomas included.

GeoHostel Scientific Leaders: Tim Lawton and Nancy McMillan, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico Description Above the grasslands of southeastern Arizona, isolated ranges, the “sky islands,” rise to heights of 8,000–9,000 feet. The geology and natural history of these mountains Lawton Photo by Tim have stronger affinities with the Sierra Madre of Mexico than with the Rocky Mountain cordillera, making the region unique in the United States. The monsoons of late July and August bring cooling—and sometimes drenching—afternoon rains and an array of Sierra Madre wildflowers to the higher elevations. The geology of the Chiricahua, Mule, and Huachuca mountains records Paleozoic marine deposition, Jurassic-Creta- ceous crustal extension and basin formation, latest Cretaceous mountain building and basin inversion of the Laramide orogeny, and catastrophic volcanism in the Tertiary. GeologyGeology Within and among these ranges are the mining camps—Tombstone, Bisbee, and Glee- son, among others—that generated the early wealth of Arizona and sowed the seeds of andand the the Monsoon: Monsoon: conflict recorded by U.S. Army forts Huachuca and Bowie. This GeoHostel, which includes a program of ambitious hikes, will explore this The Sky Islands and geology and the natural and human history of the area by means of a series of field The Sky Islands and trips and half-day hikes to several ranges and mining centers. Located within 50 miles of the Mexican border, the area is a world-renowned mecca for birdwatchers. Daily MiningMining Camps Camps ofof field trips will allow plenty of time for birding. Lodging, Meals, and Ground Transportation SoutheasternSoutheastern The group will be lodged at Cochise College in dormitory style, single occupancy (doubles for couples) type rooms. Meals will include plenty of hors d’oeuvres ArizonaArizona at the Welcoming Reception and Orientation on Saturday evening, daily breakfasts Douglas,Douglas, ArizonaArizona and sack lunches, and a hearty farewell dinner on Thursday evening. Field trip trans- AugustAugust 2–7,2–7, 1997,1997, 66 days, days, 66 nightsnights portation will be provided in air-conditioned, 15-passenger vans. Fee and Payment: $540 for GSA Members $590 for Nonmembers $100 deposit is due with your reservation and is refundable through June 28, less $20 processing fee. Total balance is due: June 28. Included: Classroom programs and materials; field trip transportation; lodging for six nights; single occupancy (double for couples), meals outlined above; welcoming and farewell events. Not included: Transportation to and from Douglas, Arizona; transportation during hours outside class and field trips; and other expenses not specifically included.

GSA TODAY, January 1997 35 1996 GSA Annual Meeting

Statistics Technical Program Abstracts submitted ...... 2870 Abstracts presented ...... 2756 Abstracts rejected or withdrawn ...... 114 Percentage of abstracts accepted ...... 96% Poster presentations (including theme posters) ...... 745 Oral presentations ...... 2011 Oral presentations, discipline sessions ...... 824 Oral presentations, theme sessions ...... 882 Oral presentations, symposia .. 305 Highest number of concurrent oral sessions ...... 18 Total number of sessions (including posters) ...... 203 Theme sessions in poster format ...... 13 Theme sessions in oral format .. 64 Registration Professional ...... 3915 Student ...... 1600 Exhibitor ...... 762 Guest ...... 224 Total attendance ...... 6501 Short Courses Number of GSA–sponsored courses ...... 6 Participants ...... 207 Field Trips Number of trips ...... 26 Participants ...... 821 Number of participants in half-day trips ...... 345 Exhibits Number of booths ...... 259 Number of exhibiting companies ...... 194 Employment Service Applicants ...... 217 Employers ...... 32 Interviews ...... 524 Positions available ...... 42

36 GSA TODAY, January 1997 GSA TODAY, January 1997 37 ter geology, geophysical methods, remote sensing, and CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING geologic/environmental hazards and pollution control. Additional expertise in active tectonics, basin analysis, geochemistry, structural geology and/or computer model- Published on the 1st of the month of issue. Ads (or cancel- applicants who work in the areas of biostratigraphy, paleo- ing is also desired. Ph.D. in geology preferred, but excep- lations) must reach the GSA Advertising office one month biostratigraphy, paleoecology, or paleoclimatology. A tional ABD's may be considered. The University is commit- prior. Contact Advertising Department (303) 447-2020, 1- Ph.D. in Geological Sciences or equivalent field of study is ted to excellence in teaching, scholarship and professional 800-472-1988, fax 303-447-1133, or E-mail:acrawfor@ required. activity, and service to the University and the community. geosociety.org. Please include complete address, phone Mackay School of Mines has an established tradition of Application deadline is February 28, 1997, but will be number, and E-mail address with all correspondence. field-oriented teaching that takes advantage of the superb accepted until position is filled. Submit letter of application geology of the Great Basin. Paleontology is an essential Per line including statements of teaching philosophy and research part of our geoscience curriculum. We seek Ph.D.-level Per Line for each interests, curriculum vitae, and names and addresses of applicants who will enthusiastically participate in teaching for addt'l month three professional references to: Mr. Eric Sprouls, Geology introductory lecture and laboratory courses in earth sci- Classification 1st month (same ad) Search Committee Chair, Department of Geology, Univer- ences. Undergraduate teaching responsibilities also will sity of Southern Indiana, 8600 University Blvd., Evansville, Situations Wanted $1.75 $1.40 include an invertebrate paleontology/biostratigraphy IN 47712. AA/EOE Positions Open $6.50 $5.50 course that is a major requirement for our undergraduate Consultants $6.50 $5.50 program. We offer B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in geo- ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, GEOLOGY Services & Supplies $6.50 $5.50 logical engineering. We expect the new faculty member to BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, MUNCIE, INDIANA Opportunities for Students teach and develop graduate-level seminars and direct Tenure-track position available August 22, 1997, in area of first 25 lines $0.00 $2.35 graduate student research in area of specialty. mineralogy or structural geology, field methods, and petrol- additional lines $1.35 $2.35 The successful applicant will have the opportunity to ogy. Responsibilities include: teaching two or three of the Code number: $2.75 extra integrate teaching and research into our varied programs above courses along with a course in general education, of geologic studies that include tectonics, structural geol- such as physical or environmental geology; and a ogy, stratigraphy, sedimentology, seismology, geophysics, senior/graduate level course related to the candidate's Positions Open neotectonics, geological engineering, economic geology, specialty; developing a program of research; advising stu- geochemistry, and Quaternary climate studies. Preference dent research at graduate and undergraduate levels. Area IDAHO STATE UNIVERSITY will be given to candidates with experience in field applica- of research is open but should enhance the department's We seek a field-based earth scientist to fill a tenure-track tions and quantitative methods. Applicants should demon- offerings and research in the above areas or combined position, beginning academic year 1997Ð1998 at a rank strate the potential for developing sponsored research and with engineering/environmental geology or geoscience commensurate with qualifications, in one of the following have publication records appropriate to their experience. education. Minimum qualifications: doctoral degree; ABD's fields: (1) Applied Geophysics, or (2) Sedimentary Geol- A curriculum vita, a list of publications, a description of will be considered if all requirements met by August 22, ogy/Paleontology. A Ph.D. or A.B.D. is necessary. Teach- teaching and research interests, and a list of three refer- 1997; some college teaching and/or professional experi- ing duties include 3 undergraduate/graduate classes per ences (including phone, FAX numbers, and e-mail ence. Preferred qualifications: doctorate in geology; semester or equivalent work plus participation in our Geol- addresses) should be sent to: Search Committee Chair, demonstrated teaching abilities and effective interaction ogy Field Camp. Supervision of M.S. students and pursuit Department of Geological Sciences / 172, University of with other faculty and students on individual projects and of a funded research program is required, while expertise Nevada, Reno, NV 89557. For full consideration, applica- research; interest in teaching and eventually directing the in the geology of the North American Cordillera is desir- tion materials should be received by March 1, 1997. The summer five-week field mapping course currently taught in able. The successful candidate will have broad geologic University of Nevada is an equal opportunity/affirmative South Dakota and Wyoming; experience and knowledge in interests, be comfortable in a small department where action employer. Women and minorities are especially geoscience education methods. Send statement of teach- cooperation and shared teaching and research are stan- encouraged to apply. ing and research interests, including how research might dard, and assist the department's expansion into quantita- be developed to include students, especially undergradu- tive methods and GIS applications. Send resume, tran- BRYN MAWR COLLEGE ates; vita; names of at least three references; and transcripts, statement of academic philosophy and interests, The Department of Geology seeks a 1997-1998 leave script of highest degree earned to: Chairperson of Search and names of 3 referees to Search Committee, Depart- replacement in environmental geology and sedimentology Committee, Department of Geology, Ball State University, ment of Geology, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID to teach two courses per semester and to participate in a Muncie, IN 47306. Review of applications will begin Febru- 83209-8072. Position is contingent on funding, and appli- concentration in Environmental Science with anthropology ary 3, 1997, and continue until the position is filled. cations will be reviewed beginning February 15, 1997. ISU and biology. Courses include environmental geology or Ball State University is an equal opportunity, affirmative is an EO/AA Employer. earth systems science, selected undergraduate offerings in action employer and is strongly and actively committed to sedimentology, oceanography, geophysics, or geohydrol- diversity within its community. WATERSHED HYDROLOGIST ogy, possibly a graduate course in some aspect of sedi- UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS mentary geology, and the directing of undergraduate STRATIGRAPHY / SEDIMENTOLOGY The Hydrology Program of the Department of Land, Air, research projects. The candidate must have a Ph.D. PALEONTOLOGY and Water Resources seeks applicants for a nine-month Bryn Mawr College is a selective liberal arts college The Department of Geology and Geography at Ohio Wes- tenure-track position; eleven-month term employment to located west of Philadelphia. The department is well- leyan University invites applications for a tenure-track fac- be offered and continued based upon academic personnel equipped for teaching, research and computing. ulty position at the Assistant Professor level, to teach review, at the Assistant Professor level. The appointee will http://www.brynmawr.edu/Adm/academic/geology.html. courses in Stratigraphy/Sedimentology and Paleontology, develop a quantitative field-experimental research program Applications, including three references and complete to contribute to introductory-level teaching, and to offer in Watershed Hydrology emphasizing processes that may vita, should be sent to Wm. A. Crawford, Chairman, independent study opportunities for students. We seek a include land-atmosphere interactions, precipitation and Department of Geology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 N. candidate who also has the background to offer a course runoff, surface water and groundwater interaction, surface Merion Avenue, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010. Bryn Mawr College in Hydrogeology and/or Environmental Geology. The posi- water detention, wetland hydrology, snow hydrology, and is an Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer. The tion will begin August 18, 1997, and requires a person with chemical cycling in watersheds. The appointee should be College particularly wishes to encourage applications from Ph.D. in hand or near completion. The applicant should able to synthesize the acquired data, using appropriate individuals interested in joining a multicultural and interna- have a strong interest in teaching as well as continuing mathematical modeling tools. Possible research topics tional academic community. Minority candidates and research interests. include impacts of range management, forestry, or urban women are especially encouraged to apply. Deadline for Ohio Wesleyan University is a residential liberal arts development on watershed function, water yield and sur- applications: January 20, 1997. college with an enrollment of about 1800 students, located face water quality, remote sensing of rainfields by radar, in Delaware, Ohio, 20 miles north of Columbus. Teaching evaporation, infiltration, surface runoff and erosion, stream SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY, GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT and research equipment include: Scanning Electron Micro- flow, groundwater recharge and contaminant transport. CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY scope with EDS System, Automated Thin Section Prepara- The appointee is expected to teach an undergraduate field The Department of Geology invites applications for an tion System, petrographic and stereozoom microscopes, course in hydrology, an undergraduate course in water- entry-level tenure-track position beginning in mid-August photographic darkroom, departmental computer laboratory, shed hydrology and a graduate level course in experimen- 1997 dependent upon funding. Position specifications: and office and classroom connections to the University tal watershed hydrology. A quantitative background in Ph.D. required; effective communication skills required; computer system. The faculty includes three full-time geol- mathematical modeling and teaching experience are desir- teaching experience required; graduate course work in ogists and two full-time geographers. able. The position is available July 1, 1997. Applicants sedimentary geology required; teaching experience in sed- Applicants should send letter of application detailing should submit resume, transcripts, research and teaching imentary geology preferred; preferred research areas are teaching and research interests, curriculum vitae, official statements with background in each, copies of relevant carbonate sedimentology/stratigraphy or basin analysis or academic transcripts, and three letters of recommendation publications and manuscripts and the names and glacial stratigraphy; willingness to develop collaborative to: Dr. Karen H. Fryer, Department of Geology and Geog- addresses of at least four references to: Professor Jan W. research programs with departmental colleagues pre- raphy, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH 43015 by Hopmans, Watershed Hydrology Search Committee Chair, ferred; willingness to involve undergraduates in research January 15, 1997. Application materials received after this Hydrology Program, Land, Air and Water Resrouces, Uni- program required, experience in directing undergraduate date may be considered until the position is filled. Ohio versity of California, Davis, CA 95616, telephone (916) research preferred. The applicant will be expected to teach Wesleyan University is an Affirmative Action/Equal Oppor- 752-3060/1130, email [email protected]. Open introductory courses as well as upper level courses in tunity Employer. Women and minority candidates are until filled. To ensure consideration applications should be her/his discipline. Interested persons should send a encouraged to apply. postmarked by 3/14/97. A more detailed job description résumé and arrange to have three letters of reference sent can be obtained from the above address. Information on to Dr. Stephen D. Stahl, Chairman, Geology Department, GEOLOGICAL MAPPING the Department, Hydrology Program, and its faculty, can Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859. All The Utah Geological Survey is seeking applications for a be found on http://hydrosci.ucdavis.edu. applications and supporting materials must be received by Project Geologist to work as a field geological mapper. The University of California, Davis, is an equal opportu- January 15, 1997. CMU (AA/EO institution) encourages Duties include: conducts multifaceted geological mapping nity/affirmative action employer. diversity, and resolves to provide equal opportunity regard- projects; plans and implements research needed to sup- less of race, sex, disability, sexual orientation, or other port mapping projects; compiles field mapping using digital FACULTY POSITION / PALEONTOLOGY irrelevant criteria. photogrammetric methods; constructs and drafts structural The Department of Geological Sciences, Mackay School of cross sections and other supporting materials; analyzes Mines, University of Nevada, Reno invites outstanding sci- ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY and interprets complex geologic data, integrates data from ence teachers to apply for a position as Assistant Profes- UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN INDIANA several geologic disciplines; writes interpretive supporting sor of Geology (tenure-track) in paleontology. Areas of The University of Southern Indiana invites applications for manuscripts; prepares materials for publication; edits and expertise may include, but are not limited to, a tenure-track position beginning Fall 1997. Candidates reviews geologic reports; monitors geologic contracts; invertebrate/vertebrate paleontology (micro or macropale- should be broadly trained field-oriented geologists with serves as program specialist in one or more disciplines of ontology), or paleobiology. We are particularly interested in expertise in one or more of the following areas: groundwa- geology; serves as expert on the geology of one or more

38 GSA TODAY, January 1997 parts of Utah; assists in planning and developing proposals GEOMORPHOLOGIST / ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGIST Opportunities for Students for new mapping projects. Requirements: Bachelor's SOUTHERN CONNECTICUT STATE UNIVERSITY degree in geology or a closely related field. Preference The Department of Earth Sciences at Southern Connecti- Graduate Opportunities in Geochemistry at the Univer- may be given to applicants with experience in mapping cut State University expects to have available on Septem- sity of New Orleans. The Department of Geology and geologic quadrangles at scales of 1:24,000 or 1:100,000 ber 1, 1997, a tenure-track position to be filled at the Assis- Geophysics invites applicants for graduate research assis- and writing for publication. tant/Associate Professor level. Courses to be taught tantships in petrology and geochemistry. Research proj- include Geomorphology, Historical Geology, and Field The position will be located in either Salt Lake City or ects include: volcanologic, petrologic, and geochemical Geology for majors, as well as introductory Earth Science Cedar City, Utah. For more information, please visit the studies in the Central American Arc; geochemistry and courses for non-majors. Quality of teaching is especially UGS home page at http://utstdpwww.state.ut.us/~ugs/ metamorphism of ultramafics; and crustal evolution. For important. The candidate will also work with other faculty The state of Utah's Department of Human Resource further information regarding this program please contact members to strengthen our Environmental Earth Science Management (DHRM) has implemented an automated Dr. Kathleen Johnson at (504) 280-6792 or e-mail: kjohn- Program. Applicants should have the Ph.D. degree or be in recruitment and selection system called Utah Skill Match. [email protected]. For general information on other the final stages of completion of the degree. A letter of Resumes are scanned into a database and then matched graduate programs contact the Graduate Coordinator, application, a complete resume, and three letters of recom- against all available job openings within state government Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of New mendation should be submitted to John Drobnyk, Chair- for a one-year period. Resumes must be submitted to Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148. Completed applications man, Earth Science Department, Southern Connecticut DHRM to be considered for employment at the UGS. must be received by March 1, 1997. State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515. Applica- Instructions for submitting resumes are available on the tions will be reviewed beginning February 1, 1997, and UGS home page. interviews will take place in March or April 1997. Graduate Assistantships, Texas Christian University. The Geology Department has assistantships available for Resumes will be accepted until position is filled. Salary SCSU is an equal opportunity, affirmative action range: $29,931Ð$44,949. M.S. research in most fields of geology. A new area of employer and strongly encourages minorities and women expertise includes coastal and estuarine dynamics, with Utah Geological Survey, Box 146100, Salt Lake City, to apply. Utah 84114-6100, (801) 537-3305. emphasis on modeling nearshore profile and shoreline variability, analyzing the impact of tidal inlets on adjacent The state of Utah is an equal opportunity employer. BAHAMIAN FIELD STATION beaches, and quantifying estuarine circulation and sedi- Executive Director for the Bahamian Field Station, a not- ment transport patterns. Study areas include the Outer TECTONICS / NEOTECTONICS for-profit educational and research institution on the remote Banks of North Carolina, Kennebec River Estuary in Applications are invited for a tenure-track faculty position in island of San Salvador, Bahamas. Ph.D. in the Natural Sci- Maine, and Long Island Sound. In addition to full laboratory tectonics and/or neotectonics in the Department of Geol- ences, with good communication, mechanical and busi- and analytical facilities, the department houses the Center ogy and Geophysics at the University of California, Berke- ness skills required. As head administrator, responsibilities for Remote Sensing and has an extensive computer net- ley. Specialists in all areas of regional and global tectonics, would include overall organization and management of the work. Financial aid includes two-year stipend, full tuition and in neotectonics/paleoseismology are encouraged to Field Station to include the physical plant, designing of pro- waiver, and research funds. Contact Michael Fenster, apply. The successful applicant will be expected to carry grams, grantsmanship, coordinating of research, planning Department of Geology, TCU, Fort Worth, TX 76129. (817) out a field-based research and teaching program. and management of supply and travel logistics, and overall 921-7506, [email protected], http://geowww. geo.tcu.edu/ supervision of the Bahamian staff. Send request for The closing date for receipt of applications is January detailed information by January 20, 1997, to Dr. Donald T. 31, 1997. This position (ID #141) is offered at the Assistant NASA Planetary Biology Internships. The Marine Bio- Gerace, The Bahamian Field Station, 3616 Peace River Professor level and will begin July 1, 1997. logical Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, invites Dr., Punta Gorda, FL 33983, or e-mail to: [email protected]. applications from graduate students and seniors accepted Interested candidates should send a cover letter, stat- to graduate programs for awards of $2200 plus travel to ing research and teaching interests, a resume, a selection KECK GEOLOGY CONSORTIUM participate in research at NASA centers and collaborating of recent publications, and names of three references to: institutions for approximately 8 weeks. Typical intern pro- Walter Alvarez, Chair, Tectonics Search Committee, Summer Undergraduate Student/Faculty Research Projects grams include: global ecology, remote sensing, microbial Department of Geology and Geophysics, 301 McCone ecology, biomineralization, and origin and early evolution Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-4767. We seek two geoscientists to join with faculty from the 12 schools in the Keck Geology Consortium to lead research of life. Application deadline: 1 March 1997. For informa- The University of California at Berkeley is an equal tion/applications, contact: Michael Dolan, Planetary Biology opportunity, affirmative action employer. groups for exceptional undergraduate students. The first opening is for a person with expertise in carbonate dissolu- Internship, Department of Biology, Box 3-5810, University tion, cave/karst studies, or paleomagnetic or U-series dat- of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-5810. Email: HYDROGEOLOGY AND TECTONICS ing to participate in a study of the Cenozoic Appalachian [email protected]. Tel (413) 545-3223. An Equal Oppor- The Department of Geology, University of Florida, is erosional history near Lexington, VA. The second opening tunity/Affirmative Action Employer. accepting applications for two tenure-track assistant pro- is for a mineralogist, petrologist or geochemist of minority fessors for August 1997 or January 1998 in the broad heritage to participate in a study of ferric iron partitioning The Keck Geology Consortium Undergraduate fields of hydrogeology and tectonics. Preference will be between mineral pairs in the Adirondack Mountains, North- Research Opportunities is seeking undergraduate geo- given to quantitative, process-oriented scientists who will ern New York. We seek candidates employed in academic, science students to participate in its summer research pro- develop strong and innovative research programs, and industry or government who have a strong interest in under- gram. Junior level students who have declared a geology exhibit a strong commitment to teaching. We are particu- graduate science education or undergraduate research. A major are invited to apply for any of six projects involving larly interested in scientists whose research involves fun- stipend of $4500 and all expenses are paid for participation four weeks of summer research followed by a term or year damental earth processes and the rates at which these in a 4 to 5 week summer project. Interested persons should of independent study at the student’s home institution. Stu- processes occur, e.g.: physical and chemical analysis of contact Dr. Cathryn A. Manduca, Keck Geology Consortium dents receive a stipend of $1200 and expenses. All stu- hydrodynamic systems, including wetlands; basin analysis Coordinator at (507) 646-4424 or e-mail: cmanduca@ dents must have a faculty sponsor who agrees to supervise and evolution; numerical geodynamics; and ther- carleton.edu. Positions are contingent on NSF funding. the student’s work at the home institution. Information and mochronology. The Department will relocate, and research application materials are available at www.carleton. edu/curricular/GEOL/resource/keck/keck.html, or from Dr. space will double in 1998 as a result of an NSF/ARI grant. COASTAL GEOLOGY AT DUKE UNIVERSITY More information can be found at: http://www.clas.ufl.edu/ Cathryn A. Manduca, Keck Geology Consortium Coordina- The Earth Science Division of the Nicholas School of Envi- CLAS/Departments/Geology/. tor at (507) 646-4425, or e-mail: [email protected]. ronment at Duke University seeks applications for a Qualified candidates should send a letter of interests, Student selection will begin Feb. 9. Positions contingent on tenure-track position in coastal geology to be filled at the NSF funding. Undergraduate Research Opportunities including a statement of research and teaching goals, a assistant or untenured associate professor level at the curriculum vitae, and the names and addresses of three for Students of Color. The Keck Geology Consortium is Durham Campus. The starting date is open, but we hope seeking undergraduate African American, Native American, references by February 1, 1997 to: Dr. Michael Perfit, to fill the position by fall 1997. The successful candidate Dept. of Geology, PO Box 117340, University of Florida, Hispanic, or Native Pacific Islander geoscience students to will hold a Ph.D. degree and will be expected to develop participate in its summer research program. Sophomore Gainesville, FL 32611-7340; (352) 392-2231 (perfit@geol- an outstanding research program in his or her specialty ogy.ufl.edu). The University of Florida is an equal opportu- students who have completed at least one geology course and be committed to both undergraduate and graduate are invited to apply for five weeks of research in Virginia or nity/affirmative action employer; qualified women and teaching (including B.S. M.S. and Ph.D. level geology minorities are especially encouraged to apply. Massachusetts. Junior students who have declared a geol- degree candidates and professional students from the ogy major are invited to apply for any of six projects involv- Coastal Environmental Management Program). The posi- ing four weeks of summer research followed by term or GEOLOGY AND REMOTE SENSING tion is broadly defined in terms of specialty and could year of independent study at the student’s home institution. The Faculty of Geosciences of the Ludwig-Maximilians- include nearshore oceanography, coastal processes, Qua- Students receive a stipend of $1200 and expenses. All stu- University, Munich, Germany invites applications for the ternary sedimentology/stratigraphy, geomorphology, dents must have a faculty sponsor who agrees to supervise chair of a Full Professor position C4 in Geology and nearshore morphodynamics, esturine sedimentology, geo- the student’s work at the home institution. Information and Remote Sensing. The chair will be at the Institute of Gen- logic hazard analysis, and aeolian processes. application materials are available at www.carleton.edu/cur- eral and Applied Geology to ensure the roots in the geo- Send vitae and names of 3 references to: Chair of the ricular/GEOL/resource/keck/keck.html or from Dr. Cathryn logical research. Together with the chair of Geography and Search Committee, Division of Earth Sciences, Nicholas A. Manduca, Keck Geology Consortium Coordinator at Remote Sensing the two positions will head a new founded School of the Environment, Box 90230, Duke University, (507) 646-4425, or e-mail: [email protected]. Stu- Institute for Geoscientific Remote Sensing. The main Durham, NC 27708-0230. All applications received by dent selection will begin Feb. 9. research activities in the field of Remote Sensing are March 1, 1997, will be guaranteed consideration. Duke hyperspectral remote sensing, methodological develop- University is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Petroleum System Modeling Research Assistant. The ment, data processing techniques, GIS, sensor develop- Employer. Department of Geology at the University of Alabama seeks ment and sensor adaption (e.g. MOMS-2P, Modular Opto- applicants for a graduate research assistantship at the electronic Multispectral Stereo Scanner on the Russian Ph.D. level in petroleum system modeling. Previous expe- MIR station) for geoscientific applications. The institute has rience in subsurface 3-D geologic modeling is preferred. a modern image processing lab, a spectrometric lab and Services & Supplies The Department is housed in a state-of-the-art research photogrammetric laboratory and is involved in most of the complex equipped with the required analytical and com- national and European Earth Observation Satellite Pro- FOR SALE: CUBAN GEOLOGY BOOK. The IGCP proj.- puter capabilities to perform innovative basin analysis stud- grams. 364 contribution "Cuban Ophiolites and Volcanic Arcs" ies. Twelve-month stipend is $15,000 and tuition is paid by Applications, accompanied by a resume, scientific (254 pp, Miami, 1996) is now available ($20 + $3.50 S&H). the University. expertise and complete bibliography references should be It has three chapters: General geology and geophysics, A letter of interest should be sent to the Graduate sent until 1/31/97 to: Fakultät für Geowissenschaften der Geology of the ophiolites, Geology of the volcanic arcs. To Research Committee, Box 870338, Department of Geol- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Luisenstr.37, D- order a copy send a check or money order payable to ogy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487 80333, MUENCHEN, phone: +49 89 5203243, fax: +49 89 Wanda Iturralde, 1300 W 47 Place 216A, Hialeah, FL by January 15, 1997. The University of Alabama is an 5203319. 33012. equal opportunity/affirmative action employer.

GSA TODAY, January 1997 39 Geology Has New Co-Editor Carol Simpson, Boston University, is the newest co-editor of Geol- ogy, appointed to a three-year term. She succeeds David Fountain, Uni- versity of Wyoming, whose second term as co-editor ended at the end of 1996. Simpson is working with Editor Lee Kump, Pennsylvania State University. Simpson, professor and chair of the Boston University Department of Earth Sciences, received undergraduate degrees in chemistry at the Swansea College of Tech- nology in Wales and in geology at the University of Wales; her master’s, in geology, at the University of Witwatersrand, South Africa; and her Ph.D., in structural geology, at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich. She has been a visiting assistant professor at Brown University and Oklahoma State Univer- sity, assistant and then associate professor at Vir- ginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, associate professor at Johns Hopkins University, and program director for the National Science Founda- tion Earth Sciences Divi- sion Tectonics Program. As a co-editor of Geology, Simpson will handle about 375 manuscripts a year—making decisions about whether newly submitted papers are appropriate for the journal, who would be good reviewers for papers, how to weigh reviews when reviewers disagree on a paper, and other matters related to the scientific content of the submitted papers. Her goals for the three-year term are to strengthen Geology’s position as the leading journal for rapid publication of short, innovative, earth science articles, and to maintain the high academic standard of published Geology articles. As do the other GSA journal editors, Simpson has a part-time assistant for the editorial office at Boston University. (Note: Authors must submit manuscripts for Geology to GSA headquarters, not directly to the co-editors. See the January issue of Geology or the GSA Web page, http:// www.geosociety.org, for instructions for submitting manuscripts.) ■