INTRODUCTION

This publication represents the NASA research and technology program for FY 1987. It is a compilation of the “Summary” portions of each of the RTOPs (Research and Technology Objectives and Plans) used for management review and control of research currently in progress throughout NASA. The RTOP Summary is designed to facilitate communication and coordination among concerned technical personnel in government, in industry, and in univer- sities. We believe also that this publication can help to expedite the technology transfer process. The RTOP Summary is arranged in five sections. The first section contains citations and abstracts of the RTOPS. Following this section are four indexes: Subject, Technical Monitor, Responsible NASA Organization, and RTOP Number. The Subject Index is an alphabetical listing of the main subject headings by which the RTOPs have been identified. The Technical Monitor Index is an alphabetical listing of the names of individuals responsible for the RTOP. The Responsible NASA Organization Index is an alphabetical listing of the NASA organizations which de- veloped the RTOPs contained in the Journal. The RTOP Number Index provides a cross-index from the RTOP number assigned by the NASA responsible organization to the corresponding accession number assigned sequentially to the RTOPs in RTOP Summary As indicated above, responsible technical monitors are listed on the RTOP summaries. Although personal exchanges of a professional nature are encouraged, your consideration is requested in avoiding excessive contact which might be disruptive to ongoing research and development. Any comments or suggestions you may have to help us evaluate or improve the effectiveness of the RTOP Summary would be appreciated. These should be forwarded to:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology Washington, D.C. 20546 Attn: Edmund L. Sanchez Deputy Director for Resources (RI)

ymond S. Colladay W?Associate Administrator for Aeronautics and Space Technology

i TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology

AERONAUTICS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY BASE ...... 1 Fluid and Thermal Physics R&T ...... 1 Applied Aerodynamics R&T ...... 1 Propulsion and Power R&T ...... 2 Materials and Structures R&T ...... 2 Information Sciences R&T ...... 3 Controls and Guidance R&T ...... 3 Human Factors R&T ...... 4 Flight Systems R&T ...... 4 Systems Analysis ...... 5 Interdisciplinary Technology ...... 5

AERONAUTICS SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS ...... 6 Rotorcraft Systems Technology ...... 6 High-Performance Aircraft Systems Technology ...... 6 Advanced Propulsion Systems Technology ...... 7 Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation ...... 8

SPACE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY BASE ...... 8 Aerothermodynamics R&T ...... 8 Space Energy Conversion R&T ...... a Propulsion R&T ...... 9 Materials and Structures R&T ...... 10 Space Data and Communications R&T ...... 11 Information Sciences R&T ...... 12 Controls and Guidance R&T ...... 13 Human Factors R&T ...... 14 Space Flight R&T ...... 14 Systems Analysis ...... 15 Interdisciplinary Technology ...... 16

SPACE SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS ...... 17 Chemical Propulsion Systems Technology ...... 17 Space Flight Systems Technology ...... 17 Automation and Robotics ...... 17

PRECEDING PAGE BWMNOT FILMED

iii PAGE Office of Space Science and Applications

GLOBAL SCALE ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES ...... 11 UPPER ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH PROGRAM ...... 2( PLANETARY GEOLOGY R&A ...... 2: PLANETARY MATERIALS ...... 2: PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES R&A ...... 2! MARS DATA ANALYSIS ...... 2' HALLEYS COMET WATCH/EXPERIMENTS ...... 2' PLANETARY INSTRUMENT DEFINITION ...... 2! SOLAR TERRESTRIAL AND ASTROPHYSICS ATD ...... 31 OCEANIC PROCESSES ...... 3 TROPOSPHERIC AIR QUALITY ...... 3 SOLAR TERRESTRIAL & ASTROPHYSICS SR&T ...... 3: PLANETARY ASTRONOMY ...... 3; LIFE SCIENCES SR&T ...... 3 SOLAR TERRESTRIAL SR&T ...... 4 SOUNDING ROCKETS--SOLAR TERRESTRIAL ...... 5 TECHNICAL CONSULTATION AND SUPPORT STUDIES ...... 5 c EXPERIMENT COORDINATION AND OPERATIONS SUPPORT ...... I ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH ...... E INFORMATION SYSTEMS ...... 5 CLIMATE RESEARCH ...... 5 STRATOSPHERIC AIR QUALITY ...... -C SPACE PROCESSING SCIENCE AND SPACELAB PAYLOAD DEVELOPMENT ...... E GEODYNAMICS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ...... E RESOURCE OBSERVATION APPLIED RESEARCH AND DATA ANALYSIS ...... Z MARS OBSERVER ...... E SOUNDING ROCKETS ...... E

Office of Space Tracking and Data Systems

ADVANCED SYSTEMS ...... Z

Indexes

SUBJECT INDEX ...... I TECHNICAL MONITOR INDEX ...... I-! RESPONSIBLE NASA ORGANIZATION INDEX ...... I-! RTOP NUMBER INDEX ...... I4

iv TYPICAL CITATION AND TECHNICAL SUMMARY

ACCESSION NUMBER CURRENT RTOP NUMBER

I RESPONSIBLE NASA W87:70003 (21) 505-60 ORGANIZATION -Ames Research Center, Moffett Field. Calif TlTLE- FLUID AND THERMAL PHYSICS RESEARCH AND TECHNOL- OGY TECHNICAL MONITOR- P L Holcomb 415-694-40074 TELEPHONE NUMBER (505-61-00,505-65-00, 506-40-00) 4 RELATED RTOPS The objective is to advance fundamental understanding of basic aerodynamic and thermodynamic processes and to develop -TECHNICAL SUMMARY predictive capabilities for analysis and design optimization of advanced aircraft and missiles and their propulsion systems A combination of computer simulations and experiments will be used to study flow over individual aircraft components, as well as complete configurations New algorithms. languages, and compilers will be constructed to realize the most effective use of advanced computer systems Computer programs will be developed to simulate turbulence and to solve fluid dynamics problems, including the effects of viscosity and unsteady flow Computer codes applicable to practical fluid dynamics problems will be developed to transfer advanced technology to the aerospace community Experiments will be performed for a large Reynolds number range to document detailed turbulence properties and to provide turbulence models for use in solutions of the Reynolds- averaged Navier-Stokes equations Both wind tunnel and flight experiments will be conducted to verify computer simulations and to validate prediction techniques

V RESEARCHAND UECHNOLOGY OBJECTIVESAND PLANS a summary FISCAL YEAR 1987

OFFICE OF AERONAUTICS AND the propagation of the resultant instability wave trains and wave packets through the boundary layer to the point where turbulence SPACE TECHNOLOGY first appears; (3) the development of a rational method for the prediction of transition; and (4) passive and active methods of Aeronautics Research and Technology transition control. As knowledge of transition is important for Base aircraft performance in all speed ranges and for all aerodynamic surfaces, the research will encompass two- and three-dimensional incompressible, transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic boundary Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and layers. Technology W07-70003 (21) 505-60 Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. W07-70001 (23) 505-60 FLUID AND THERMAL PHYSICS RESEARCH AND TECHNOL- Langley Research Center, Hampton. Va. OGY FLUID AND THERMAL PHYSICS RESEARCH AND TECHNOL- P. L. Holcomb 415-694-4007 OGY (505-61-00; 505-65-00; 506-40-00) R. V. Harris, Jr. 804-865-3285 The objective is to advance fundamental understanding of basic The objective is to advance the computational and experimental aerodynamic and thermodynamic processes and to develop state of the art in a broad range of fundamental technologies predictive capabilities for analysis and design optimization of areas and io promote the synergistic evolution of innovative, high advanced aircraft and missiles and their propulsion systems. A risk concepts and technologies needed for the efficient design of combination of computer simulations and experiments will be advanced civil and military aircraft. Solution methodology will be used to study flow over individual aircraft components, as well as developed for a variety of viscous and inviscid equation sets complete configurations. New algorithms, languages, and including the full Navier-Stokes equations and applied to compilers will be constructed to realize the most effective use of increasingly complex configurations across the speed range from advanced computer systems. Computer programs will be developed subsonic to hypersonic. Detailed critical experiments will be to simulate turbulence and to solve fluid dynamics problems, performed to validate new computational methods and to improve including the effects of viscosity and unsteady flow. Computer the fundamental understanding of complex fluid physics and codes applicable to practical fluid dynamics problems will be chemistry processes. This improved understanding will be applied developed to transfer advanced technology to the aerospace to the development and evaluation of innovative concepts for community. Experiments will be performed for a large Reynolds reducing aircraft drag or increasing propulsive efficiency of number range to document detailed turbulence properties and to scramjet-type engines. Particular emphasis will be placed on provide turbulence models for use in solutions of the Reynolds- developing aerodynamic concepts and design methodology for averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Both wind tunnel and flight practical, rei, .ble, and maintainable viscous drag reduction. experiments will be conducted to verify computer simulations and Improved aircraft design methodology will be validated using data to validate prediction techniques. from flight tests, from numerous ground facilities, and from the high Reynolds number data base being generated in the National Transonic Facility. Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology

W07-70002 (55) 50560 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. W07-70004 (23) 505-61 FLUID AND THERMAL PHYSICS RESEARCH AND TECHNOL- Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. OGY APPLIED AERODYNAMICS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY L. M. Mack 818-354-2138 R. V. Harris 804-865-3285 This part of the Viscous Flows element of the Fluid and Thermal The objective is to provide the analytical and experimental Physics Research and Technology program applies to the research research and technology development necessary for an advanced area of laminar instability and transition. The overall objective is and validated base of new aerodynamics technology for application an understanding of the detailed physical processes that !$ad to to future generations of military and civil aircraft. The specific boundary-layer transition, and the application of this knowledge to research thrusts are to achieve improved accuracy in wind-tunnel the prediction of transition. The plan is to use experimental, and flight testing to support advanced aircraft and missile analytical, and numerical techniques to investigate the following development; develop revolutionary advances in efficiency and four problems: (1) the mechanism by which instability waves are productivity for a new generation of subsonic aircraft as well as produced by various external disturbance sources, and the safety and efficiency of general aviation aircraft; develop the determination of their initial conditions (receptivity problem); (2) aerodynamic technology base necessary for the design of future

1 OFFICE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY fighter aircraft concepts; provide a fundamental understanding for procedures are developed to help understand the flow phenomena prediction and control of aeroacoustic phenomena on advanced associated with hypersonic propulsion and inlet and nozzle aerospace vehicles; and develop the technology to solve helicopter integration. noise and vibration problems as well as reduce pilot workload in adverse environments. Ground-based, flight, and computational facilities are used to generate the advanced technology needed W87-70000 (22) 505-62 to accomplish the cited objective. In addition, technical assistance Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. is provided to DOD, other agencies and industry consistent with PROPULSION AND POWER RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY available resources. J. A. Ziemianski 216-433-3901 The broad objective is to explore and develop the technologies W87-70005 (55) 50561 for the propulsion systems of advanced VSTOL supersonic and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. hypersonic cruise aircraft, rotorcraft, and smaller conventional APPLIED AERODYNAMICS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY aircraft. In-house, contract, and grant research and development V. Sarohia 81 8-354-6758 efforts will address various components such as inlets, engines, The overall objective of this research program is to develop a nozzles, ejectors, fans, and helicopter transmissions, as well as non-intrusive technique to make automated multi point velocity unique propulsion systems, and propulsion/airframe integration. measurements in both water and air utilizing digital image process- Improved instrumentation and controls will be developed, and ing. At the present time, luminescent particles in water are being internal computational fluid mechanics capabilities will be employed as flow tracers and double pulsed laser photography is enhanced by test and analysis. used to record the images. Future plans, however, include the use of helium bubbles to extend the use of this technique to air flows. The eventual goal of this RTOP is to apply the technique to full-scale applications. The near term objectives are to Materials and Structures Research and accomplish particle traces below the surface of the liquid air Technology interface. The test flow field chosen is that of a vortex sheet in the wake of a circular cylinder.

W87-70006 (21) 505-61 Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. W87-70009 (23) 505-63 APPLIED AERODYNAMICS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. B. A. Lampkin 415-694-6039 MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES RESEARCH AND TECHNOL- (505-60-00) OGY The overall objective of this activity is to provide the necessary C. P. Blankenship 804-865-2042 research and technology development for an improved validated This research includes executing analytical and experimental base of new aerodynamics technology for application by industry programs in structures, materials, and acoustics with emphasis to future generations of both civil and military flight vehicles. The on: (1) thermal structures, aeroelasticity, unsteady aerodynamics, approach will be to conduct analytical, ground based, and flight and aeroservoelasticity; (2) structural mechanics and landing research test investigations of a broad class of vehicles, which dynamics; (3) polymeric materials, metallic materials, and composite shall include subsonic transport and general aviation aircraft, materials; (4) aeroacoustics and structural acoustics; and (5) rotorcraft, advanced fighterlattack aircraft, powered lift configura- interdisciplinary analysis and optimization. Principal research tions (STOL, V/STOL and STOVL) and hypersonic vehicles. The objectives include providing structures and materials technologies analytical effort will include the coupling of TFAR2 with the integral that will enhance the performance, efficiency, and reliability of code CAMRAD for the computation of transonic flow about the advanced commercial, military, and general aviation aircraft. H34 main rotor. This RTOP includes the development of wind Analytical, computational, and experimental approaches are tunnel instrumentation. Computational chemistry calculations will included in the fundamental research that is conducted in-house, be performed to study hydrogen-air chemistry and the composition by university grant, and under contract to industry. The of air surrounding vehicles traveling at hypersonic velocities. experimental portion of the program emphasizes laboratory experiments that utilize the Structures Directorate unique resources which include testing facilities and highly trained personnel. Propulsion and Power Research and Technology W87-70010 (10) 505-63 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. W87-70007 (23) 505-62 MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES RESEARCH AND Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. TECHNOLOGY PROPULSION AND POWER RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY S. L. Venneri 202-453-2760 R. V. Harris 804-865-3285 The objective is to conduct fundamental research on Advanced experimental and analytical techniques are used to advanced materials concepts for aeronautics. The interdisciplinary develop all technology areas for airbreathing hypersonic propulsion program in polymeric composites includes research into the concepts, to develop the technology to significantly improve the properties of the constituent fibers and matrix properties, advanced performance potential of hypersonic flight vehicles including an structural analysis methods, fatigue response of laminates, understanding of and solutions to problems inherent to such environmental response modeling, and processing science for light vehicles, and to provide basic information on the effect of advanced weight airframe structures. The interdisciplinary project in ceramic propulsion concepts on the performance and interference charac- materials addresses critical research in material performance and teristics of advanced aircraft. Analytical and experimental studies design methodology as related to brittle materials. Emphasis will using advanced facilities and techniques are utilized' by unique be placed on understanding the processing and properties of personnel to investigate scramjet engine components, complete these materials. Activities include fundamental characterization of subscale engines, problems inherent to such engines, engine/ silicon nitride and silicon carbide materials, environmental response airframe integration and improvement of hypersonic aerodynamic processing science, and impact behavior of high temperature performance. In addition, advanced aircraft configurations and ceramic bodies for gas turbine engine applications. Advisory generic models are used for investigations of thrust vectoring and services to guide R8D in advanced aerospace materials are reversing, 2-D nozzles and propulsion control, and nacelle/wing provided by the National Materials Advisory Board, a unit of the interactions. Computational methods and unique experimental National Academies of Science and Engineering.

2 OFFICE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY

W87-70011 (21) 505-63 W87-70014 (23) 505-65 Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES RESEARCH AND TECHNOL- INFORMATION SCIENCES RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY OGY J. F. Creedon 804-865-4915 C. M. McKeithan 415-694-5020 Non-traditional computer architectures offer increased perfor- The overall objective is to provide the materials, structures, mance and greater reliability. The concurrent processing research and acoustics research and technology development necessary here addresses systems issues and distributed operating systems for significant improvements in the performance, durability, utility, (DOS) to improve these qualities. A disciplined approach to software and economy of future generation civil and military aircraft. development and automated tools are needed to construct reliable Fundamental experimental and analytical research on advanced software for flight crucial systems. The software engineering composites will be performed to better characterize and understand research will characterize and evaluate automated support tools fatigue and fracture behavior in order to predict accurately the for software specification, design, code, and management; create service life of structures when exposed to their environments. guidelines for developing software with fault-tolerant features, and Aeroelastic characteristics of new vehicle configurations (X-29, etc.) for measuring software reliability. Concurrent processing issues will be investigated, new flight load and deflection measurement include communication and synchronization; programming lan- techniques developed, and analysis codes evaluated through guages and environments; problem decomposition and algorithm correlation with measured values. A major technical effort is development; and comparison of several prototype architectures devoted to improving the understanding and capabilities to predict for real-time computing. DOS facilities to aid in program control rotorcraft dynamic behavior and aeroacoustics. Detailed airloads, and debugging will be explored. Analysis of fault-tolerant software acoustic signatures, rotor loads and dynamic stability data will be techniques applied to a realistic flight software problem will be obtained for a modern four-bladed rotor and a high-speed rotor, conducted and automatic generation of selected programming and prediction codes evaluated and improved using the measured constructs will be investigated. A prototype environment for data. management/control of software projects has been defined and will be delivered. Much of the parallel computing systems research W87-700 12 (22) 505-63 will be performed at the Institute for Computer Applications in Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. Science and Engineering. A block grant in computer science at MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES RESEARCH AND the University of Illinois will support several related research tasks. TECHNOLOGY S. J. Grisaffe 216-433-3193 W87-70015 (21) 505-65 (533-00-00; 505-66-00) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. The major objectives of this RTOP are to: (1) advance the INFORMATION SCIENCES RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY level of materials and processing technologies for high-temperature M. C. Smith 415-694-5188 metallic, polymeric, and ceramic materials in order to contribute (505-60-00; 506-43-00) to improving the performance, life, reliability, structural efficiency, The objective is to support computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and/or to reducing the cost of future turbine engines (the prime computational chemistry, and other disciplines of Agency interest emphasis of the work is directed toward developing greater by developing an understanding of the relationships and tradeoffs understanding of the interrelationships between material composi- between algorithms and computer architectures for these applica- tion/microstructure, fabrication processes, and mechanicaVphysica1 tions. Approaches, techniques, and tools are needed to apply this properties); (2) develop and verify advanced analysis and synthesis insight to the development of optimal hardware/software systems methods, advanced generic structural concepts, and advanced for this class of problems. The research will permit better utilization quantitative life prediction capabilities applicable to high tempera- of emerging concurrent processors, and will influence the design ture aerospace propulsion components. In addition, to develop of systems crucial to NASA in the 1990’s. The approach involves and experimentally validate improved analytical methods to collaboration of the Computational Research Branch and Research describe and predict the dynamic and aeroelastic response of Institute for Advanced Computer Science (RIACS). This collabora- aircraft turbine engine systems. Emphasis will be on high tion will bring together computer science and computational physics temperature applications. Material behavior constitutive relations expertise to analyze the requirements, evaluate extant concepts will be developed emphasizing anisotropy of metallic/ceramic/ and products, and conduct the necessary research and develop composite materials. Generic structural concepts will be conceived ment. The steps involved include: the development of requirements to exploit the capabilities of advanced material systems. and evolution of promising systems concepts; simulation, emulation, or modeling techniques to validate system concepts; and the building of prototypes to serve as proof of concept. Information Sciences Research and Tech- nology Controls and Guidance Research and Technology W87-70013 (62) 505-65 Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. INFORMATION SCIENCES RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY W87-70016 (23) 505-66 G. D. Cassimus 205-544-1560 Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. The objective of this effort is to obtain a complete end-to-end CONTROLS AND GUIDANCE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY high speed mainframe Computer Networking Subsystem (CNS) J. F. Creedon 804-865-4915 including its operation and maintenance utilizing the Program The overall objective of this RTOP is to provide for the Support Communications Network (PSCN) as the communications necessary research and technology development leading to medium. This subsystem is to provide for the sharing of unique improved civil and military aircraft operations under all weather mainframe computational capabilities embodied in the various large conditions and for the exploitation of new controls and guidance scientific computers located at NASA Centers. CNS must be concepts and hardware to increase the efficiency. effectiveness, adaptable to changes in the volume of traffic, number of mainframes and safety of new military and civil aircraft. Research activities at each site, mainframe operating systems, number of sites, and under this RTOP will be directed toward establishment of a rate of data transfer. The initial system will link the unique technology base for highly augmented aircraft handling qualities computational capabilities of the OAST Centers. The system to criteria, multidisciplinary control law analysis and synthesis support this link will consist of data buffering and mainframe techniques, improved display design concepts, flight crucial interface equipment, and utilize the NASA PSCN as the communica- systems, and system concepts and procedures enabling safe and tions medium. efficient operations in the evolving National Airspace System.

3 OFFICE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY

Analytical and experimental techniques will be developed to exploit W87-70020 (10) 505-67 advanced electronic and computer based flight systems concepts National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. for improving efficiency and performance of future civil and military HUMAN FACTORSRESEARCH ANDTECHNOLOGY aircraft. Emphasis will be placed on increasing levels of integration Lee B. Holcomb 202-453-2747 and on exploiting multidisciplinary interactions. This RTOP provides support for NASA’s joint sponsorship with the Office of Naval Research (ONR), the Army Research W87-70017 (51) 505-66 Institute (ARI), and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. (AFOSR) of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Commission CONTROLS AND GUIDANCE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY on Behavioral and Social Science (CBASS) Committee on Human D. G. Roberts 804-824-3411 Factors. The National Academy of Sciences and its committees The overall objective of this RTOP is to provide for operational provide advice to governmental agencies in solving advanced support to approved OAST projects utilizing the Goddard Space technological problems. The Committee on Human Factors was Flight Center/Wallops Flight Facility (GSFClWFF) research airport. established to provide advice on determining the most important Operational support includes: project coordination; program aircraft theoretical and methodological issues in human factors. fuel and ground servicing; control tower management of the GSFC/WFF research airport control area; shop support; ADP W87-70021 (21) 505-67 operations; SAR, chase, and other aircraft flight services; crash, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. fire, and rescue services; specialized instrumentation and HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY miscellaneous equipment. D. C. Nagel 415-694-5729 (506-47-00; 199-22-00) W87-70018 (21) 505-66 Human error is involved in a high proportion of all aircraft Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. accidents. Accident and incident reports document both system CONTROLSAND GUIDANCE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY design and operations factors in the causal chain leading to aviation G. W. Condon 415-694-5567 human errors. Advances in the ability to automate aircraft, designed (505-66-00; 533-00-00) to decrease the potential for human error, continue to dramatically The objective of this research is to develop a guidance and alter the role of the pilot. Similar advances in computer graphics, control technology base for design of safe, efficient, civil and military image processing, and display technologies are revolutionizing the aircraft. Research will be conducted on: advanced, robust flight/ manner in which information can be managed in the cockpit. These propulsion control systems for state-of-the-art and superaugmented advances can fundamentally improve system performance if aircraft; advanced guidance and display systems which fully utilize designed properly. To minimize human error, advanced technology the computational capabilities for artificial intelligence and expert must be designed with crewmember capabilities and limitations systems which permit more efficient operations in the air traffic explicitly accounted for. The program is designed to determine control (ATC) environment; advanced analysis techniques to characteristic relationships between human error and various enhance our knowledge of atmospheric processes and other approaches to flight deck automation; identify, develop, and causes of aircraft accidents by analyzing data from accidents in evaluate methods for designing error tolerant cockpit systems; conjunction with the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB); develop the predictive technology needed for optimal cockpit application of expert system, computer vision, and advanced design, incorporating electronic displays, advanced input hardware guidance technology to enable automated rotorcraft flight in the and software, and intelligent automated systems; develop tech- map-of-the-Earth; application of expert system techniques to niques to analyze, predict and train crew performance in advanced develop an automated wingman for fighter/attack aircraft; and cockpit environments, and under normal and adverse conditions. controls and guidance requirements for the National Aerospace The unique problems of civil air transport and rotorcraft will be Plane (NASP). The approach will be to conduct analytic studies, addressed. evaluate concepts on flight simulators, and validate the more promising concepts in flight. Flight Systems Research and Technology

Human Factors Research and Technology W87-70022 (23) 505-68 Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. FLIGHT SYSTEMS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY W87-70019 (23) 505-67 R. V. Harris 804-865-3285 Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. The goal of this research is to improve the knowledge of HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY severe storm atmospheric processes as they affect the design J. F. Creedon 804-865-4915 and safe and efficient operation of aircraft and aircraft systems. (505-66-00) Existing experimental programs will be continued to provide The overall objective of this RTOP is to provide a research additional data for improving the detection and avoidance of severe and technology data base from which solutions to human storm hazards, and for the development of design and operating problems impeding the growth and safety of air transportation criteria for those hazards which cannot be avoided. Specific may be derived. Specific objectives include: the exploration and hazards include precipitation, wind shear, turbulence, and in-flight development of concepts for integrated display and information lightning. The approach will be to develop advanced methods and transfer between crew and aircraft; the application of artificial vehicle concepts needed to significantly increase fighter maneuver- intelligence concepts to cockpit aids such as system status ability considering such effects as high angle of attack, separated monitoring and diagnosis to facilitate safe and efficient flight flow conditions, vortex flaps, and thrust vectoring; and utilize flight operations; the exploration and development of innovative controll experiments to validate key elements. display operational concepts involving cockpit displays of flight management information that will insure the efficient and safe ww-70023 (21) 505-68 use of ATC system technology; the development and validation Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. of human response measurement technologies for the assessment FLIGHT SYSTEMS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY of aerospace crew mental state; the establishment of a quantitative D. H. Gatlin 805-258-3166 and qualitative data base for display formatlarrangement factors; (533-00-00) and the development of a technology base that will allow reliable The overall objective is to provide for the research and substitution of simulators for research applications involving technology development of advanced flight systems needed for atmospheric environment factors. future military and civil aircraft. Research will be initiated in support

4 OFFICE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY of high angle-of-attack flight.investigationswith an F-18test aircraft. W87-70027 (22) 50569 Near term emphasis will be on enhancing the understanding of Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. forebody vortex flow and in development and refinement of SYSTEMS ANALYSIS aerodynamic predictive techniques. A longer-term objective will be D. C. Mikkelson 216-433-5637 to design, develop, and evaluate a thrust vectoring capability to To perform studies of the feasibility and potential benefits of augment conventional flight control effectors at high angle-of- advanced subsonic, supersonic, and hypersonic propulsion attack. Program objectives will be accomplished by analyses, concepts, to identify technology research requirements and define design, ground-based simulations, wind tunnel testing, and flight opportunities for capitalizing on technology advances. Studies research. A contractor SBlR program will be conducted to will be performed on a wide variety of engine cycles, propulsion develop, fabricate, and conduct wind tunnel tests of a full-scale systems, and enginelairframe combinations in aircraft missions. joined wing aircraft design. The incorporation of this technology Near term and long range aero-propulsion planning will be into a variety of modern aircraft designs will be investigated. conducted to assist in the development of future NASA aeronau- Ames-Dryden will support the program in an advisory role and tics programs. during formal program reviews. In support of the U.S./U.K. ASTOVL Aircraft Technology Program, contracted efforts will be W87-70028 (10) 505-69 conducted to evaluate supersonic single-engine concepts featuring National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. four different propulsive lift systems. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS Cecil R. Rosen 202-453-2792 W87-70024 (22) 505-68 The objective of this effort is to provide for various activities Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. in support of the Aeronautics Studies program. These activities FLIGHT SYSTEMS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY include a studies contract in support of OAST aeronautics J. A. Ziemianski 216-433-3901 technology program requirements, assessments, planning and The overall objective of this effort is to provide for the research advocacy, as well as a continuation of support of the Radio and technology development of advanced flight systems needed Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA). for future military and civil aircraft. This part of the flight systems RBT program is focused on advancing critical technology needed to solve propulsion and icing problems associated with operation Interdisciplinary Technology of military and civil rotorcraft and propulsion and control problems associated with operation of military high performance STOVL aircraft. The current plans for this research area are to develop W87-70029 (23) 505-90 analytical and experimental simulation techniques to study aircraft Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. icing problems and to develop advanced ice protection system INTERDISCIPLINARY TECHNOLOGY concepts to improve aircraft productivity, operational capability J. C. South 804-865-2664 and safety, and to identify and develop propulsion technology for (506-90-00) supersonic STOVL aircraft. The goal of this RTOP is to originate, support, promote, and maintain innovative, high-risk, long-term university-based research through research and training grants, cooperative research efforts, Systems Analysis and joint research institutes. This is accomplished through three program elements: (1)The Fund for Independent Research (FIR); (2) The Graduate Program in Aeronautics (GPA); and (3) Joint University Institutes (JUI). which includes the Joint Institute for W87-70025 (23) 505-69 Advancement of Flight Sciences (JIAFS) and the Institute for Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. Computer Applications in Science and Engineering (CASE). FIR SYSTEMS ANALYSIS funds novel, long-range, high-risk, basic research investigations in R. V. Harris 804-865-3285 engineering and physical sciences related to aeronautics through The overall objective of this RTOP is to provide long-term the support of unsolicited proposals from the university community; guidance and direction to the aeronautical research and technology GPA sponsors graduate training and research that is relevant and programs performed by NASA and the aviation industries. This acceptable to both NASA and the university in the field of will be accomplished primarily through the conduct of long-range aeronautics and encourages a greater number of newly graduating planning and in-house studies directed to the analysis of advanced US. citizen engineers to pursue graduate training. A significant concepts for future civil and military aircraft design. Assessments portion of the training will be through student research conducted of the feasibility and potential benefits of highly integrated with faculty support at a NASA Center using NASA facilities. The configurations incorporating improved aerodynamics and advanced JUI provides a core level of funding for the promotion of an active propulsion, propulsion-airframe integration and controls, and NASAhniversity interchange in order to maintain cooperative, structures and materials will be made. Tradeoff and sensitivity innovative, venture research at the edge of the latest technology analyses to identify optimum parameters and the potential value and techniques in science, engineering, mathematics, and of the discipline technology improvements will be conducted for computers. subsonic, transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic vehicles with particular emphasis on the latter two-speed regimes. W87-70030 (21) 505-90 Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. W87-70026 (21) 505-69 INTERDISCIPLINARY TECHNOLOGY Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. M. Omura 41 5-694-5113 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS The objective of this RTOP is to promote and maintain J. Zuk 415-694-6568 innovative, high-risk, university-based basic research in aeronautics The overall objective of this activity is to provide an information through research and training grants, cooperative research efforts, data base for advanced planning of rotorcraft research programs. and a joint research institute. The objective is accomplished through This information will lead to the development of technology which three elements within the RTOP: Funds for Independent Research; will advance the state-of-the-art of rotorcraft. Emphasis will be on Aeronautics Graduate Research Program; and a Joint University promising technologies which will enable new or greatly increased Institute. Funds for Independent Research support innovative and capabilities of rotorcraft vehicles, innovative and/or beneficial uses high-risk basic research in aeronautics, usually by means of of rotorcraft, and the application of emerging technologies to unsolicited proposals from universities. Aeronautics Graduate rotorcraft. The feasibility, potential benefits, and critical technologies Research Program provides grants to support graduate training of advanced rotorcraft concepts will also be assessed. and research in aeronautics. A significant portion of the training

5 OFFICE OF AERONAUTICSAND SPACE TECHNOLOGY will be through student research conducted at Ames Research the DARPA/Army NOTAR (No Tail Rotor) Program would provide Center. The Joint University Institute element provides core funding the necessary technology base such that a low risk development for the Ames/Stanford Joint Institute for Aeronautics and Acoustics. program could be initiated for an X-Wing prototype vehicle. The The Institute promotes an active NASAIStanford interchange to X-Wing is a four-bladed extremely stiff rotor utilizing circulation maintain cooperative, innovative advanced research in the control aerodynamics for lift and rotor control, which is stoppable disciplines of aeronautics and acoustics. in flight. When stopped, the rotorlwing becomes two forward swept and two aft fixed wings in an ‘x’ configuration. For the X-Wing W07-70031 (22) 505-90 flight experiment one RSRA will be configured as a compound Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. helicopter using an X-Wing rotor system driven by two GE T-58 INTERDISCIPLINARY TECHNOLOGY engines that will also drive a compressor through a modified S-61 M. J. Hartmann 216-433-2954 gearbox and clutch. A digital fly-by-wire flight control system will The overall objective is to originate, support, promote, and be developed to control the rotor utilizing higher harmonic control maintain innovative, high-risk, long-term university-based research and hub moment feedback. This approach includes detailed through research and training grants, cooperative research efforts, analysis, design, fabrication, ground tests, and flight testing of an and joint research institutes. The program is carried out primarily X-Wing rotor system, modifications required to the RSRA (Rotor through grants which are selected by the Chief Scientist with the Systems Research Aircraft), and supporting analysis, wind tunnel aid of the Research Advisory Board. It allows OAST to initiate testing, and simulation. fundamental studies in areas not presently included in a specific discipline program and to sponsor graduate training in aeronautics. The funds are also used to bring speakers and visiting university High-Performance Aircraft Systems Tech- scientists to the Center and to hold workshops and seminars. nology W07-70032 (10) 505-90 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. INTERDISCIPLINARY TECHNOLOGY W87-70035 (23) 533-02 Edmund L. Sanchez 202-453-2790 Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. The objective of this effort is to provide for various support HIGH-PERFORMANCE FLIGHT RESEARCH activities of the Aeronautics Research and Technology program. R. V. Harris 804-865-3285 These activities include the acquisition of office automation (505-68-00) equipment, software and support services; technical, administrative, The objective of this RTOP is to provide improved design and general support services; the Resident Research Associateship methods for highly maneuverable aircraft in the areas of aerody- (RRA) program; the conduct of reviews, studies and assessments namic performance, stability, and control with emphasis on of the ongoing and planned programs by the Aeronautics and moderate and high angles of attack. More specifically, work will Space Engineering Board (ASEB); the large-scale scientific be focused on validating design methods for the vortex flap concept computing program; and hypersonic training and research. and validation/demonstration of high angle-of-attack aerodynamic Purchases of office automation equipment and software are technology applicable to fighter airplanes. The approach to be handled in accordance with established agency procedures. used will combine full-scale flight and wind tunnel testing in both Support services, the RRA program and the ASEB are contracted areas of emphasis. The LaRC F-106 will be equipped with a efforts, and the large-scale scientific computing program and ground-adjustablevortex flap which was designed by computational hypersonic training and research will include university grants. methods and wind-tunnel tests. This flap, instrumented for pressures and loads, will be flight tested through transonic flight Aeronautics Systems Technology Pro- conditions to validate the design procedure by correlation of physical flow characteristics observed in flight versus design grams predictions. The focus for high angle-of-attack technology validation will be the NASA F-18 High-Alpha Research Vehicle Rotorcraft Systems Technology (HARV) being instrumented and prepared for flight tests at wa7-70033 (23) 532-06 NASA-Dryden. This program, involving Ames, Dryden, and LaRC, Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. is concentrating initially on the analysis and prediction of the ADVANCED ROTORCRAFTTECHNOLOGY separated vortex flows generated by the fuselage, forebody, and C. P. Blankenship 804-865-2042 wing-body strakes at high angles of attack. (505-61-00) The objective is to develop the technology for improving rotor W87-70036 (21) 533-02 noise methodology and noise design criteria for both military and Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. civil rotorcraft. The approach is to acquire acoustic data from HIGH-PERFORMANCE FLIGHT RESEARCH tests of a variety of rotor and rotor system configurations and to C. R. Jarvis 805-258-3177 utilize these data to develop and verify advanced noise prediction (505-68-00; 533-06-00) methods. This research is performed through contracts with major The overall objective is to provide the flight-validated data US. manufacturers of helicopters and is coordinated with in-house base required for military and potential civil application of advanced aeroacoustic research at Ames and Langley and with company technologies. Program objectives are accomplished by analysis, independent research. ground-based simulations, wind tunnel experimental research and flight research tests. Generic high angle-of-attack research will be initiated with an F-18 test aircraft. Under the joint NASAIUSAF Advanced Fighter Technology Integration (AFTI) program, the F-16 automated maneuver attack system develop- ment, demonstration, and tactical evaluation will be completed, as W87-70034 (21) 532-09 will F-11 1 manually-controlled mission adaptive wing research. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. Automatic-controlled research will be initiated for the F-11 1. Highly TECHNOLOGYFOR NEXTGENERATION ROTORCRAFT integrated digital electronic control flight research will be initiated J. W. Lane 415-694-6576 for the F-15 adaptive engine control system phase, investigating The goal of this Program is to adequately develop and the variable engine operating line concept. Develop the demonstrate specific X-Wing technology such that this proof-of- technologies necessary to permit V/STOL aircraft to effectively concept flight investigation program coupled with the successful operate in all mission phases and validate these technologies completion of the DARPA/NASA Convertible Engine Program and using the YAV8B Harrier. The X-29 forward swept wing concept

6 OFFICE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY evaluation phase will continue with its data base development Iron-Bird and ground-based simulation facilities. Modifications will and performance assessment for the full flight envelope. reconfigure the aircraft into an oblique wing design.

W07-70037 (22) 533-04 Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. Advanced Propulsion Systems Tech- TURBINE ENGINE HOT SECTION TECHNOLOGY nology D. E. Sokolowski 21 6-433-3216 The overall objective of this effort is to improve durability of combustor liners, turbine vanes, and turbine blades for advanced W07-70040 (23) 535-03 civil and military aircraft turbine engines by improving life prediction Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. during the design process. Life prediction systems will be made ADVANCEDTURBOPROP SYSTEMS more effective by improving system elements which characterize C. P. Blankenship 804-865-2042 fundamental behavior. These elements include models for the The objective of the program is to develop both aerodynamic behavior of materials at high temperatures and under cyclic loading, and acoustic technology necessary for the design of future aerodynamics, heat transfer, and three-dimensional non-linear finite advanced turboprop-powered aircraft. Configurations of interest element structural analyses. The effort consists of contract, grant, are powered by highly loaded, multi-bladed, single-rotating, and and in-house research, both analytical and experimental in nature, counter-rotating propeller systems. Emphasis is on prediction and in six technical disciplines. The analytical activities are those control of propeller aerodynamic interactions and cabin interior needed by industry and include computerized models, some of noise environments. The approach is to develop improved which describe the environments and complex thermal and analytical and experimental methods for predicting aerodynamic mechanical loadings in combustors and turbines. The experimental flow field interactions, aircraft stability and control characteristics, activities provide benchmark quality data required to accurately propeller noise (both in the near field and far field), and airborne develop the analytical models and to provide limited validation. and structure-borne noise transmission through the cabin sidewall. These prediction methods are validated using wind-tunnel data W07-70030 (22) 533-05 and results from a joint NASAIindustry flight demonstration Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. program. The improved prediction methods and criteria will be CERAMICS FOR TURBINE ENGINES used to guide the design of advanced turboprop propellers and S. R. Levine 216-433-3276 aircraft configurations. (505-63-00; 506-53-00) The objective of this project is to develop the technology base W07-70041 (21) 535-03 required to apply structural ceramics to advanced turbine engines. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. The effort covered by this RTOP is interdisciplinary in nature. It ADVANCED TURBOPROP SYSTEMS integrates research and technology development in materials/ D. P. Bencze 415-694-6618 processing, design methodologies and life prediction for both The work covered by this RTOP is the development of the monolithic and ceramic matrix composites. It includes a range of technology to demonstrate the feasibility of advanced turboprop contracts, grants, and in-house research to define and improve transport aircraft capable of cruise speeds up to 0.8 Mach number the processing variables that control ceramic reliability. The work and altitudes above 35,000 feet. Theoretical and experimental in the early years of this effort will concentrate on obtaining studies will be conducted to define the aerodynamic technology improved ceramic material properties, and identification of high- required to integrate advanced turboprop propulsion systems with temperature ceramic composites. The work in the later years of supercritical wings and fuselages. Detailed flow interactions among this effort will focus on evaluation of time dependent properties the propeller slipstream, nacelle, and wing surface will be examined and maintaining the improved ceramic material properties. The and methods to optimize the installation identified. Theoretical approach to this program will be to systematically study the analyses will include linear and non-linear methods capable of variables involved in ceramic materials processing, to identify handling the transonic slipstream-nacelle-winginteractions. Exper- advanced ceramic composites, to apply non-destructive evaluation imentally, the flow interactions will be measured with powered as a research tool to better understand processing, and, finally, semi-span wind tunnel models and flight vehicles that provide to evaluate material properties both in modules of rupture sized accurate simulation of the actual flow conditions. A series of test bars and in larger shapes to demonstrate the scale up potential full-span, powered models will be built to measure stability and of the technology. The technology developed under this RTOP control characteristics and to compare installed thrust efficiencies will permit the application of ceramic materials to a wide range of of single and counter-rotation propfan designs. aerospace propulsion and power systems. W07-70042 (22) 535-03 W07-70039 (21) 533-06 Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. ADVANCEDTURBOPROPSYSTEMS OBLIQUE WING TECHNOLOGY J. A. Ziemianski 216-433-3901 M. R. Barber 805-258-3165 The objective of the Advanced Turboprop Systems effort is to (505-66-00) develop and evaluate propeller and related drive system and aircraft The concept of an oblique wing aircraft shows promise for technologies critical to the efficient, reliable, and acceptable efficient subsonic, transonic and supersonic operations. Feasibility operation of future advanced, high-speed, turboprop-powered studies applying this concept to specific applications have shown aircraft. Both single- and counter- rotating propeller systems and that significant reductions in aircraft structural weight can be their technologies are being evaluated. Propfan technologies will achieved over designs employing conventional variable sweep wing be evaluated in ground and flight testing of a large-scale single technology. The objective of this program is the validation of these rotation propfan propulsion system. Ground testing of counter- potential perlormance and design improvements and the develop- rotation systems, including a large-scale unique ungeared pusher ment of baseline oblique wing technology for application to mission propeller system and large-scale advanced gearboxes, will also oriented aircraft designs. An important step in validating the oblique be accomplished. Aerodynamic, acoustic, and mechanical wing concept is to produce a full scale, manned, test aircraft performance will be evaluated. capable of operating in the transonic and supersonic speed range with subsequent experimental flight testing. The NASA F-8 Digital W07-70043 (22) 535-05 Fly-by-Wire research aircraft is well suited as a test bed for this Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. program because of its high wing configuration, three-point wing GENERAL AVIATION/COMMUTER ENGINE TECHNOLOGY attach arrangement, versatile digital fly-by-wire flight control J. A. Ziemianski 216-433-3901 system, airborne instrumentation system as well as existing (505-62-11)

7 OFFICE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY

The objective of this effort is to provide the advanced the unique Langley Hypersonic Facilities Complex and the 8-Foot technology base needed to insure the technical advantage of High Temperature Tunnel. US. manufacturers in the future small turbine engine marketplace. The approach is to evolve, evaluate, and verify critical advanced technology applicable to gas turbine engines of 250 to 5,000 shp suitable for general aviation, commuter, rotorcraft, and cruise missile applications. Analytical and experimental studies W07-70046 (21) 506-40 will emphasize revolutionary powerplant improvements in the 250 Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. to 1,500+ shp range. Program subelements are: (1) system AEROTHERMODYNAMICS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY studies; (2) discipline R&T; and (3) component R&T. This overall J. 0. Arnold 415-694-5265 approach will provide industry with the capability to design and (505-60-00; 506-43-00; 763-01-00) build small engines with performance, reliability, maintainability, The objective is to advance the fundamental understanding of and durability approaching that of large engines. aerodynamic flow phenomena in hypersonic flight regimes and to develop the predictive capability to permit performance optimization of advanced aerospace vehicles. Advanced computation methods Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation and computer codes will be developed and validated for numerically simulating vehicle flow fields. The results will then be used to W07-70044 (21) 536-01 predict thermal loads to, and aerodynamic performance of, the Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. vehicle. The codes will yield solutions for the full Navier-Stokes NUMERICAL AERODYNAMIC SIMULATION (NAS) equations for a chemically reacting and radiating gas. Such F. R. Bailey 415-694-6419 developments depend on results of both numerical simulations (505-60-00) and experiments for improving and/or validating these complex The objectives of the NAS program are threefold: to act as codes. In addition, engineering models are being developed that the pathfinder in advanced, large-scale,computer system capability will give reasonable approximations of the benchmark results, and through systematic incorporation of state-of-the-art improvements may be used for rapid assessment of vehicle performance. in computer hardware and software technologies; to provide a Research will be performed leading to on-board laser instrumenta- national computational capability to NASA, DOD, other government tion for entering spacecraft that will allow remote optical measure- agencies, universities and industry in order to ensure continuing ments of local ambient atmosphere and spacecraft flow field U.S. leadership in computational fluid dynamics and related properties. Laboratory research will be performed to develop and disciplines; and to provide a powerful research tool for the NASA verify the application of an ultra-violet laser system, on board the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology. The NAS Program shuttle orbiter, for the accurate measurement of ambient density is composed of three elements--the computer processing System along the flight path during entry. The use of the Shuttle Entry Air (the NAS Processing System Network or NPSN), the facility to Data System (SEADS) will be investigated at subsonic and transonic house the associated machines and people, and the operation of speeds by the Dryden Flight Research Facility. the NpSN. This RTOP covers the overall management of the program and development of the processing system. It does not cover the facility and operations elements. The NPSN technical approach is one of phased and evolutionary development which will incorporate the latest advancements in scientific supercom- puters, graphics devices, storage media and other computer system technologies. Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Space Research and Technology Base Aerothermodynamics Research and Tech- nology W07-70047 (23).. 506-41 Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. W07-70045 (23) 506-40 SPACE ENERGY CONVERSION RESEARCH AND Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. TECHNOLOGY AEROTHERMODYNAMICS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY R. R. Nunamaker 804-865-2893 R. R. Nunamaker 804-865-2893 This program is part of the space energy, power manage- (506-49-00; 506-48-00) ment, and distribution effort. The program contains two research This research is to improve the fundamental understanding of areas, laser space power transmission and advanced concepts. aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic flow phenomena over ascent The goal of the laser area is to assess the scientific and technical and entry vehicles and to develop the predictive capability to feasibility of spacecraft-to-spacecraft power transmission for permit performance optimization of advanced aerospace vehicles. propulsion and for electric power distribution. Direct and indirect Emphasis is on providing flow-field computational capability in the solar-pumped lasers are conceived, tested, and modeled. Near- free-molecular, transitional, and continuum flow regimes; providing term objectives are to define efficient solar-pumped lasers and to analytical and turbulence chemistry models; utilizing shuttle establish scaling laws for estimating high average power operation. wind-tunnel, flight, and analytical prediction data to validate In conjunction with laser energy generation, laser-to-electric techniques for the design of future vehicles; providing the design conversion is a major aspect of laser transmission for electric and performance parameters on advanced vehicles to identify and power distribution. A potentially high efficiency concept being analyze high payoff technologies; scoping heating problems on studied is laser photovoltaic conversion. Research on this concept advanced concepts and developing prediction techniques; providing is both experimental and theoretical. To assess the advantages the experimental and analytical data base to improve understanding of space power transmission and to guide the laser and converter of the interaction of high-temperature, and Mach number on current research, limited trade studies are performed. Advanced concept and advanced vehicles; and improving wind-tunnel technology, test research is primarily focused on plasma switch experiments. The techniques, and instrumentation for fundamental research. Results plasma switch operates in an inverse-pinch mode with the objective will enhance the capabilities, reliability, versatility, and efficiency of high power, long life operation. The device can either close or of future aerospace vehicles. Analytical, computational, and open a circuit and research is a combination of experimentation experimental techniques are included in the fundamental research and modeling. Potential applications for this type of switch include conducted in-house, by university grants, and under contract to pulsed power requirements for advanced electric propulsion in industry. The experimental portion of the program emphasizes space and for both terrestrial and defense missions. OFFICE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY

wa7-70048 (55) 506-41 two phase flow in zero-(;, and supporting technology for the SP-100 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. nuclear power system, focussing on free-piston Stirling engines. SPACE ENERGY CONVERSION RESEARCH AND Major thrusts are to improve performance, reliability, and tolerance TECHNOLOGY to the plasma and radiation environment, while reducing cost and Richard W. Key 818-354-3060 mass where appropriate, for systems operating in the LEO, GEO The objective is to develop and demonstrate advanced and planetary environments. The research generally aims at technologies in the areas of solar energy conversion, chemical providing the technological base for emerging multihundred kilowatt energy storage, and thermal-to-electric conversion, for spacecraft to megawatt level power system needs, while also recognizing power systems up to 25kW. Development of high performance and addressing commercial needs up to the 10 kilowatt level. light weight solar array technology for spacecraft will enable and demonstrate the capability for systems with 300 W/kg and/or W87-70052 (72) 506-41 300 W/sq-meter performance. Research on both primary and Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. rechargeable high energy density spacecraft batteries will continue. SPACE ENERGY CONVERSION RESEARCH AND Investigations of fundamental cell chemistry, polymer electrolyte TECHNOLOGY cells, high-energy density cathode materials, and Li-SOC12 cell W. W. GUY 713-483-4931 designs, will be conducted to better understand and characterize The objectives of this RTOP are to develop the thermal the factors which affect life, reliability, and safety. Experimental management and crew life support systems technologies which evaluation of advanced thermoelectric materials will be conducted will enable an orderly growth in both system size and capability to quantify their performance for static thermal-to-electric systems for future manned missions in space (e.g., growth space station, application. New materials and innovative processing techniques geo platform, lunar base, planetary). The tasks included in the may produce static thermal-to-electric conversion efficiency near RTOP for thermal management are directed at the development 20%. Analytical models of these materials are also being developed of critical technologies in the heat collection, transport and rejection to determine what theoretical limitations prevent achieving even areas and associated analysis techniques. More efficient and higher efficiencies. Further study of the Alkali Metal Thermoelec- effective heat pipe technology will be developed, advanced radiator tric Converter (AMTEC) concept will include experimental testing concepts assessed, and thermal bus design limitations will be of electrodes, leading to achievement of greater than 30% addressed through breadboard system evaluation. Additionally, conversion efficiency and multi-year lifetime. transient thermal management analysis techniques involving heat pipe, chemical heat pump, and two-phase fluid flow will be wa7-70049 (62) 506-41 developed to support these technology developments as well as Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. provide tools for future missions that incorporate the newly SPACE ENERGY CONVERSION RESEARCH AND developed technology. The tasks included in this RTOP for crew TECHNOLOGY support are directed at improving process efficiencies, reducing R. T. Bechtel 205-544-3294 expendables, and attaining a higher degree of system closure. The overall objective of this RTOP is to provide the necessary Particular emphasis will be placed on the development of advanced research and development in needed technologies for high-power processes to accomplish the functions of air revitalization, water photovoltaic energy conversion for spacecraft power systems. recovery, and waste management. These efforts will provide the technology for multi-100 kW, low-cost concentrator solar arrays. Concentrator hardware utilizing different wa7-70053 (10) 506-41 concentration techniques will be developed and tested at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. D.C. module and submodule levels to evaluate and characterize both SPACE ENERGY CONVERSION RESEARCH AND TECHNOL- electrical and thermal performance. A variety of appropriate solar OGY array materials will be involved. Edward Gabris 202-453-2847 The purpose of this RTOP is to provide support to the wa7-70050 (51) 506-41 Headquarters operation of the Office of Aeronautics and Space Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. Technology Space Energy Conversion Program. This will include: SPACE ENERGY CONVERSION RESEARCH AND (1) operation of the multi-agency supported Power Information TECHNOLOGY Center of the Interagency Advanced Power Group; (2) support to R. McIntosh 301-286-6071 the SP-100 Missions Advisory Panel; (3) analytical efforts in The objective of this research is to develop, analyze, and test support of Space energy conversion technologies; and (4) support various thermal energy management concepts and components of specialists’ meetings and conferences in space energy conver- for application to future spacecraft and space structures. The focus sion and aerollife support disciplines. is on thermal control of power systems, instrumentation, and other heat dissipation equipment. High temperature and long life applications will be stressed. This work will be accomplished Propulsion Research and Technology through: (1) basic research into thermo-fluid mechanical phenomena under micro and partial gravity; (2) development and test of various two-phase components and systems; (3) develop- W87-70054 (55) 506-42 ment of analytical models for performance prediction and test Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. verification; (4) development of and integrated mounting plate for PROPULSION RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY thermal, power, and data utilities; and 5) small flight experiments. Richard W. Key 818-354-3060 The objective is to study advanced propulsion system concepts wa7-7005 I (22) 506-41 in order to identify critical technology development requirements, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. and also to develop and demonstrate feasibility for the most SPACE ENERGY CONVERSION RESEARCH AND promising concepts. Studies and laboratory experiments have TECHNOLOGY initially shown the feasibility of ion, electrothermal arcjet, and H. W. Brandhorst 216-433-6149 Magneto Plasma Dynamic (MPD) propulsion concepts. Efforts in The objective of this work is to provide a research and the coming year will focus both on fundamental research to identify technology development base leading to a spectrum of advanced and model the basic physics of operation, and on development of space power systems and subsystems. Areas include critical components such as high current cathodes, new fuels, photovoltaics, electrochemical energy storage, power management and new steady state operating MPD thrusters. These develop- and distribution, components and subsystems, spacecraft ments will lead to a technology readiness for mission application environmental interactions, integrated spacecraft bus technology, in the 1990’s. For the more ambitious missions of the 21.9 century, thermal and solar dynamic systems, advanced radiator concepts, studies will be carried out to identify propulsion concepts which

9 OFFICE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY offer substantial performance increases. Study candidates include materials; and (4) inter-disciplinary analysis and optimization. The nuclear fission or fusion, beamed microwave or laser energy, solar objective is to develop structures and materials technologies that sails, and anti-proton annihilation. These studies will examine will enhance the performance. efficiency, and reliability of space- feasibility issues, define critical technology development require- craft and space transportation systems. Analytical, computational, ments, and proof-of-concept experiments that are required both and experimental approaches are included in the fundamental to evaluate these advanced concepts, and to guide future research that is conducted in-house, by university grant, and under technology development programs. contract to industry. The experimental portion of the program emphasizes laboratory experiments which utilize Structures W87-70055 (62) 506-42 Directorate unique resources which include testing facilities and Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. highly trained personnel. PROPULSION RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY R. J. Richmond 205-544-4935 The overall objective of this effort is to extend and further develop the propulsion technology base in support of the current W87-70059 (55) 506-43 and future space transportation systems. Technology for advanced, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. reusable main propulsion for earth-to-orbit and orbit-to-orbit MATERIALS AND STRUCTURE RESEARCH AND application is being pursued. Earth-to-orbit technology TECHNOLOGY encompasses both oxygenlhydrogen and oxygen/hydrocarbon Richard W. Key 818-354-3060 propulsion and is directed at enhancing engine life, performance The objective is to develop advanced materials and structures and operability. The activities include analytical model develop- technology for use in future space systems. Analytical and ment, performance improvement, cold flow testing, combustor experimental research will be conducted to investigate new cooling, uniform temperature turbine drive gas generation, control methods for predicting the chemical, physical, and mechanical system analysis, materials and process synthesis and advanced properties and reactions of spacecraft materials such as polymers, instrumentation development. The oxygen/hydrogen propulsion composite matrices, alloys, and heat shields. Greater understanding technology activities for orbit-to-orbit application include investiga- of the correlation between molecular parameters and observed tion of high area ratio nozzle concepts, materials and construction mechanical properties will lead to a capability for producing very techniques, and enhancement of performance prediction models. specific mechanical characteristics by utilizing innovative molecular designs. Development will continue on the design optimization W87-70056 (22) 506-42 methodology for fabricating lightweight, thermally stable, very high Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. surface precision reflector panels for in-space optical systems. In PROPULSION RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY the area of space environmental effects, beams of energetic oxygen D. A. Petrash 216-433-2439 atoms, charged particles, and short wavelength UV light, will be The purpose of this RTOP is to provide the technology base used along with spectroscopic and analytical techniques, to for all types of primary and auxiliary space propulsion systems. characterize the degradation processes of polymers in a Included are future reusable hydrogen/oxygen and high-density/ simulated space environment. These experiments will determine oxygen earth-to-orbit propulsion systems; advanced space-based the long term effects of the space environment on candidate orbit-to-orbit propulsion systems; long-life high performance spacecraft materials. Research on flexible structure dynamics will auxiliary propulsion systems; high Isp spacecraft primary both develop new methods, and improve existing methods, for propulsion systems; and advanced propulsion concepts. the analysis and synthesis of large complex structural systems. The limitations of ground testing very large flexible structures will W87-70057 (10) 506-42 also be investigated. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. PROPULSION RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY Edward Gabris 202-453-2847 The primary objective of this activity is to maintain a continuous W87-70060 (51) 506-43 up-to-date information gathering capability on the nation’s total Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. chemical propulsion technology efforts as an aid in planning and MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES RESEARCH AND implementing the NASA program. In addition, joint interagency TECHNOLOGY tasks are undertaken when appropriate, such as publishing M. Fitzmaurice 301-286-9842 handbooks, manuals, or computer models, that will be beneficial The overall objective of this plan is to develop and verify to the propulsion community as well as other potential users. The contamination models leading to improved prediction capability, approach is to share support of the Chemical Propulsion Information new materials and protective methods. The current plans for this Agency (CPIA), which supplies information gathering and dissemina- research are to develop and fly instrumentation to characterize tion services, with DOD agencies through the Joint Army, Navy, on-orbit environments, develop ground based facilities for material NASA, Air Force (JANNAF) Interagency Propulsion Committee. characterization, develop a data base, improve, develop and verify For special interagency tasks, funding is transferred to the agency models, advance material development, and develop protective designated as responsible for the procurement action and contract and collection devices. monitoring.

W87-70061 (10) 506-43 Materials and Structures Research and National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. Technology MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY Samuel L. Venneri 202-453-2760 W87-70058 (23) 506-43 The objective of this RTOP is to develop a wide range of Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. analytical tools and experimental techniques for use in the design, MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES REASEARCH AND TECHNOL- development, and analysis of the structures and structural OGY dynamics of complex spacecraft and space structures. The C. P. Blankenship 804-865-2042 program will be structured to foster innovative engineering solutions The research includes executing analytical and experimental and design concepts for such vehicles. A number of key structural programs in structures and materials with emphasis on: (1) thermal integrity issues will be addressed in order to develop the structures and aerothermal effects; (2) structural dynamics and understanding and tools needed for the next generation of space concepts; (3) polymeric materials, metallic materials, and composite structural design concepts.

10 OFFICE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY

W87-70062 (21) 506-43 of varying densities, with the data to be incorporated into refining Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. the present mathematical model. MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY J. 0. Arnold 415-694-5265 (763-00-00; 506-44-00) Space Data and Communications Re- The objective is to provide advanced materials technology for the development of future space systems with significant improve- search and Technology ments in performance, durability and economy. Emphasis is given to computational materials science and thermal protection materials development. In computational chemistry, the physical and chemical properties of molecules, small atomic clusters and gas-surface interactions are calculated from first principles. These W87-70065 (23) 506-44 and extrapolations to larger systems are being studied to compare Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. with experiment and to obtain surface and bulk properties. These SPACE DATA AND COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH AND results are used to study chemisorption, catalysis, corrosion and TECHNOLOGY the physical properties of polymers. Ames’ unique arc-plasma test J. F. Creedon 804-865-4915 facilities, ceramic materials laboratory, and analytical and computa- (506-45-00) tional capabilities are used to develop materials and optimized The objective is to research new concepts in space data and systems for advanced space transportation vehicles, enhanced communications. This concept development will result in planning, space shuttle vehicles, aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicles development, and delivery of technology research and develop- (AOTV), transatmospheric vehicles (TAV), planetary and solar ment studies, system feasibility models, and prototype proof of probes, and safe earth reentry of radioactive power sources. concept hardware in support of NASA’s mission, including Candidate thermal protection system (TPS) concepts and materials advanced Aerospace Transportation Vehicles, Space Station, are selected and subjected to systematic analysis and testing to Co-orbiting Platforms, and Deep Space Payloads, in the areas of qualify for defined end use. At the Dryden Research Facility, Data Systems and Communications.The approach is to use mission advanced predictive methods for properties of structures will be identified needs, together with new device and systems validated and concepts demonstrated. technologies in high-speed, space qualified processors, storage, antenna concepts, and analyses together with concepts and components for optical communications to given enabling and W87-70063 (22) 506-43 enhanced system level performance. In particular, elements will Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. be researched and developed through the proof of concept phase, MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES RESEARCH AND and this technology will be delivered to mission projects where TECHNOLOGY appropriate. Individual tasks included are VHSlC processor S. J. Grisaffe 216-433-3190 technology, phased array semiconductor lasers, distributed The objectives of this RTOP are to develop greater feedback semiconductors lasers, multibeam feeds for LaRC and understanding of materials with aerospace propulsion and power spaceborne antennas, and millimeter wave technology. potential and to develop guidelines for improving their physicaVmechanica1 properties and reliability. Fundamental studies are aimed at investigating mechanical and other factors that limit W87-70066 (55) 506-44 material reliability, performance, and useful life. Fundamental Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. studies are also aimed at identifying scientific concepts that might SPACE DATA AND COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH AND TECH- be applied to substantially improve aerospace materials. The NOLOGY research includes: (1) material properties/performance enhance- David A. Nichols 818-354-8912 ment via innovative application of nondestructive evaluation The objective and approach of this RTOP is to provide the concepts/models for characterization of microstructure and necessary research and technology development of space data mechanical properties; (2) understanding the basics of friction, and communication systems to: develop high-performance adapt- wear, adhesion, thin film liquid lubrication, and the chemistry and able fault-tolerant flight computers for applications in NASA morphology of solid lubricants; (3) work to develop ceramic matrix composites for aerospace applications; and (4) development of missions; develop strategies and architectures for on-board processing components in support of extremely high rate imaging materials for heat storage and space power applications. The sensors; develop technology for next generation deep space and analytical and experimental results of this RTOP will have far near earth communications; experimentally evaluate several optical reaching practical applications for a wide range of aerospace materials, structures, and components. communications component technologies: develop high power and power-efficient laser array concepts for use as free space optical communications sources; and develop analysis and software W87-70064 (72) 506-43 techniques necessary for designing and predicting RF perform- Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. ance of advanced antenna systems, antenna feeds for multiple- MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES RESEARCH AND beam applications, and ground and in-flight RF measurement TECHNOLOGY techniques for large spaceborne antennas. Lubert J. Leger 713-483-2059 The objectives of this RTOP are to: (1) conduct ground-based simulation of atomic oxygen effects on materials, coatings and W87-70067 (51) 506-44 lightweight flexible structures for potential use on space station Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. and (2) examine the effects of hypervelocity impacts from SPACE DATA AND COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH AND meteoroids and orbital debris on composites. An atomic oxygen TECHNOLOGY facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory will be used to conduct J. Dalton 301-286-8623 studies within a simulated orbital environment and investigate the Develop and demonstrate the systems technology to substan- effects of extended exposure (10e22 to 10e23 atoms/cme2) on a tially increase the capability of on-board data systems in limited number of space station materials, with the results of these response to requirements for future NASA missions. Specific investigations to be verified later during the EOIM-3 oxygen effects objectives are to: (1) define methodologies for the assessment experiment when it is assigned to an STS mission. The examination of alternative data system architectures; and (2) advance the of the hypervelocity impact resistance of composites will be carried state-of-the-art in on-board processing through the application of out in the orbital debris impact laboratory using massive projectiles Gallium Arsenide integrated circuit technology

11 OFFICE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY

W87-70068 (21) 506-44 advancements in operating systems and network operating Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. systems; advancements in computer networks; use of the ADA SPACE DATA COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH AND language and associated environments on NASA projects; applica- TECHNOLOGY tion of expert systems and artificial intelligence techniques to T. L. Grant 41 5-694-6526 lifecycle management; others as directed by NASA. (482-55-00 549-00-00) The objective is to advance the state-of-the-art in distributed processing communications technology through analysis of general Information Sciences Research and Tech- concepts and the implementation of software simulation to define, nology develop and evaluate detailed concepts. The emphasis in this technology development is both on reduced system complexity for data networks and on increased reliability, while providing the W87-70072 (23) 506-45 flexibility to expand data capacity as processing requirements Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. increase. The development of network concept and protocol INFORMATION SCIENCES RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY models primarily uses the Ames Research Center computational W. D. Mace 804-865-3745 facilities. It provides a common tool for developing and evaluating The objective of this program is to develop all solid state detailed designs in coordination with other Centers as well as components for versatile active remote sensors supporting augmenting and validating the theoretic analysis of general high-flying aircraft and spacebased earth science investigations in concepts. atmospheric dynamics and chemistry. The most important of these sensors are light detection and ranging (lidar) and differential W87-70069 (22) 506-44 absorption lidar (DIAL) systems. This research and technology Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. program has been structured to approach these challenges in the SPACE DATA AND COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH AND areas of laser materials research, laser transmitter design and TECHNOLOGY development, lifetime and efficiency improvement, and detector Denis J. Connolly 21 6-433-3503 research. (506-44-00) The overall objective of this RTOP is to provide through W87-70073 (55) 506-45 research, design and experimental tests, the components, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. subsystems and enabling technology required to support NASA INFORMATION SCIENCES RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY satellite communications systems. To achieve this objective, Aurthur Murphy 818-354-6457 advanced research and development programs will be conducted The objective of this work is to advance the fundamental to identify, produce and demonstrate critical components, principles which form the basis of the sensing, use, and manage- techniques and subsystems required for complete communications ment of space-derived information; and to expand the applications systems. Principal emphasis will be directed toward spacecraft of advanced information sciences in space. A complementary set microwave electron beam amplifiers with increased power output, of objectives is to provide an agency-wide foundation in fundamen- linearity, efficiency, high frequency capability and long life; tal aerospace computer science, to facilitate the infusion of multi-frequency, multi-beam antennas providing increased state-of-the-art computing technology into aerospace applications, frequency reuse at higher frequencies; and solid state materials and finally to advance optical processing technology to augment and component technology for high frequency spacecraft NASA mission capabilities and the national interest. The approach applications, such as switching, power amplification and beam in the passive and active remote sensing element of this work is forming. to maintain parallel device research and device development activities in the following primary areas of the electromagnetic W87-70070 (10) 506-44 spectrum: first, the submillimeter regime; second, the near infrared National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. application of charge coupled devices; and third, a semi-conductor SPACE DATA AND COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH AND laser development activity aimed at in-situ sensing while TECHNOLOGY supporting active remote sensing solid state laser device pumping Lee B. Holcomb 202-453-2747 development. In addition, the approach will continue to The purpose of this RTOP is to develop an erasable optical investigate solid-state materials and concepts and to design, disk buffer device capable of storing and retrieving up to I terabit develop and test devices and components for: (1) passive sensing of information at rates up to 1.6 gigabits/second. Laser/optical utilizing either coherent or incoherent detection methods, (2) disk technology will be employed in concert with advanced laser detection devices and systems for use in the submillimeter portion diode arrays to achieve high performance. This is a technology of the electromagnetic spectrum, and (3) active sensing utilizing feasibility demonstration in cooperation with other government coherent sources. agencies. This unit has main applications to supercomputers and the space station data system. W87-70074 (10) 506-45 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. W87-70071 (72) 506-44 INFORMATION SCIENCES RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY Lyndon 8. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. Lee B. Holcomb 202-453-2747 SPACE DATA AND COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH AND TECH- (505-37-10) NOLOGY This RTOP provides support for aerospace computer science S. A. Gorman 713-483-2757 university research and an Advisory Group on Electron Devices (506-44-11) (AGED). The objectives are to: (1) develop a university-basedcenter This proposal will establish a NASA sponsored Software for aerospace computing technology, focusing on concurrent Engineering Research Center at the High Technologies Laboratory processing, highly reliable computing, and scientific and engineer- of the University of Houston at Clear Lake (UHCL). The center ing information management; (2) foster cooperative, coordinated will provide a means of focusing NASA research into software research coupling computer science with aeronautics, astronautics, engineering issues and will also provide a formal liaison with other and space sciences; and (3) provide, through AGED, effective similar centers of research such as the Defense Department’s coordination of NASA-sponsored research and development efforts Software Engineering Institute (SEI) at Carnegie Mellon University. on electronic devices and systems with similar work supported by Areas of research will include: new techniques in software lifecycle DOD and other government agencies. Through associate member- management; productivity tools for software development and ship on AGED and its constituent working groups, NASA program maintenance; development and maintenance of distributed informa- managers receive expert advice on the feasibility, currency and tion systems; NASA software engineering training requirements; soundness of planned R&D procurement activities, long-range R&D

12 OFFICE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY requirement, complementary work in other government agencies, W87-70078 (51) 506-45 and forecasts of new technical developments. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. INFORMATION SCIENCES RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY H. Plotkin 301-286-6185 W07-70075 (21) 506-45 The RTOP includes fundamental and applied research in Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. computer sciences and sensor technology for remote scientific INFORMATION SCIENCES RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY observations -- a total of 10 tasks. The research in computer C. R. McCreight 41 5-694-6549 science objectives are (1) to study and implement systems to (506-44-00; 482-58-00; 549-01-00) handle very large multi-source data bases managed at distributed One objective of this RTOP is to develop technologies in locations; (2) to develop and evaluate software management artificial intelligence and information sciences leading to an tools, software design metrics, and approaches to rapid prototyping; image-based advanced machine intelligent system for spaceborne and (3) to develop concurrent processing algorithms critical to applications. Emphasis is in the areas of spaceborne optical and space research and data analysis. symbolic processing architectures, information understanding, knowledge acquisition and representation, programming environ- ment, and natural languages/interfaces. A cooperative Ames- academia-industry team consisting of world-class researchers has Controls and Guidance Research and been established to conduct the required research with memoran- Technology da-of-understanding established with project centers to transfer the technologies to project applications. A second objective is to develop advanced infrared detector array technology and "07-70079 (23) 506-46 supporting cryogenic systems for future astronomical applications. Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. The array technology is applicable to low- and moderate- CONTROLS AND GUIDANCE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY background astronomical applications throughout the infrared (IR) J. F. Creedon 804-865-4915 spectrum (2-200 micrometers) and will directly benefit programs To provide fundamental and applied guidance, navigation, and such as Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) and Large control (GN&C) research and technology for advanced Deployable Reflector (LDR). Development of on-orbit liquid helium spacecraft, space platforms, and transportation vehicles. Major (LHe) resupply, efficient long-term space storage techniques, and activities are to advance the state of the art in control of large advanced coolers for less than 1 kelvin operation are elements of flexible space structures through development of modern control the cryogenics program. These activities blend analysis with theories, advanced sensors and actuators and optimize payload component development, and include extensive in-house character- science returns by incorporating advanced technology concepts ization and selected technology demonstrations. for isolation and high-accuracy pointing. Advanced G&N concepts are under study for advanced space transportation system elements and orbital return and planetary entry vehicles using aerodynamic W87-70076 (22) 506-45 Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. deceleration. Advanced control and modeling techniques and INFORMATION SCIENCES RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY on-line identification will be utilized with dynamics models of such Denis J. Connolly 216-433-3503 spacecraft as a manned space station, shuttle-attached (506-44-00) experiments, large diameter antennae, advanced space transporta- The objective of this RTOP is to provide through research, tion system concepts, and reentry vehicles. Resulting GNIC design data and developments of materials and methods, the system implementations will be thoroughly evaluated. Analytical technology base for the development of voltage tunable local efforts will be complemented by ground validation on such test oscillator sources, capable of approximately 1 milliwatt output in articles as the LaRC grid, SCOLE, and by flight experiments, such the frequency range between 600 to 2000 GHz. The approach as in conjunction with the Control of Flexible Structures Program taken pursues the development of voltage tunable, electron beam and Aero-Assisted Flight Experiment to quantify the effectiveness excited backward wave oscillators, with an expected frequency of the various candidate GNIC techniques. tuning range (by voltage tuning) of approximately 10 percent above and below a center frequency. Because of the extreme smallness W87-70080 (55) 506-46 of slow wave structure dimensions (less than 50 microns) new Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. methods of fabricating BWO circuits must be explored. These CONTROLSANDGUIDANCE RESEARCH ANDTECHNOLOGY include reactive ion etching, laser cutting and metallization Richard W. Key 818-354-3060 techniques. In addition, skin effect losses and direct interception The objectives are to develop and evaluate advanced control will necessitate novel approaches for heat rejection. Also, for and guidance concepts, designs, algorithms, and components these micron size circuits, the technology for very small electron required for the autonomous control, pointing, guidance, and beams of densities around 1000 A/cm2 will be developed. stabilization of future space systems including large space antennas, the evolutionary space station, orbit transfer vehicles, and advanced earth orbiters and planetary spacecraft. The W87-70077 (72) 506-45 approach for achieving these objectives will be to: (1) Develop Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. and validate system identification techniques and software for INFORMATION SCIENCES RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY automated monitoring of system performance; synthesize adaptive C. D. Sykes 713-483-4901 control designs for autonomous compensation of dynamic This proposal will continue a HALIS language definition and uncertainties and/or configuration change; and continue develop user group, also referred to as the NASA HAUS board. The ment of unified controls/structure modeling and design methodol- board was established in 1977 to provide language support for ogy for improved robustness. (2) Develop two advanced guidance the standard HALIS compiler, tools, and documentation. This and control components: FORS. a long life all solid state integrated support will (1) maintain the standard compiler and documentation optics fiber gyro, and SHAPES, a 3-dimensional position optical by providing a secretarial function for the board, (2) control change sensor for static and dynamic figure measurement and dynamic requests and discrepancy reports by providing compiler identification of flexible spacecraft and large antennas. (3) Develop maintenance/documentation, and (3) improve user tools and and evaluate micron accuracy measurement concepts and technol- interfaces to maintain compiler viability evolving environments by ogies suitable for use in control of future segmented large optical developing tool improvements and special studies as approved by space systems. (4) Develop and validate technologies for an the NASA HALIS board. FY87 tasks include completion of actively controlled softmount interface for precision payload point- studies and upgrades begun in FY 86, and development of ing. (5) Develop and validate controls and guidance concepts for improved user interfaces. future aeromaneuvering spacecraft.

13 OFFICE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY

W87-7008 1 (62) 506-46 W87-70084 (72) 506-47 Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. CONTROLS AND GUIDANCE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY H. J. Buchanan 205-544-1470 J. W. Brown 713-483-2291 The overall objective of this research is to define, develop, The objectives of this RTOP are to develop technologies for and demonstrate advanced control concepts for the stabilization increasing the productivity, efficiency, effectiveness, and safety of and control of future spacecraft, payload pointing systems, and man-systems interactions in spaceflight, and to advance the advanced transportation vehicles. The work is focused in two fundamental understanding of human interaction with increasingly primary areas: The stabilization and control of large flexible complex and automated systems. The major tasks within this RTOP structures in space and advanced control techniques for the next include development of guidelines for man-machine interfaces, generation of space transportation vehicles. In the first area, the development of models and developing sophisticated means for effort will be a continuation of the ongoing analytical and data collection, developing a technology base of human interfaces experimental investigation of flexible body control techniques. with artificial intelligence, and development of new technology crew Here, the principal end product will be new control techniques for interface and performance aids for the extravehicular astronaut. pointing, slewing, and actively rigidizing large systems in space. To complement the basic research performed under this RTOP, The second area represents an expansion in scope to address the approach emphasizes the transfer of technologies developed improvements in vehicle control design practice which will result from the research activities to a state that permits applications to in reduced transportation system operational cost and at the same ongoing programs. This work will include use of various existing time enhance system reliability and utility. NASA facilities for in house efforts and will include university involvement in developing analytical models of motion. W87-70082 (72) 506-46 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. CONTROLS AND GUIDANCE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY Space Flight Research and Technology K. J. COX 713-483-4281 (505-66-00) The objective is to develop and assess guidance, navigation, and control concepts, techniques, and design methodologies to W87-70085 (23) 506-48 provide needed capabilities for the full and cost-effective utilization Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. of current and future space systems. Methodologies for the SPACE FLIGHT RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY cost-effective development and implementation of control capabili- R. R. Nunamaker 804-865-2893 ties will also be evaluated. Technology needs will be addressed (506-40-00) across interacting space fleet elements, including the shuttle, OMV, The overall objective of this research is to advance the OTV, MMU, free-flyers, and space station. Studies will be directed technology for future space transportation systems by providing toward technology developments which have the broadest applica- the necessary data obtained in the correct space environment tion to these fleet elements and which integrate the requirements through the use of experimental flight programs. The approach is and constraints associated with the interactions of these elements. to (1) develop and fly experiments which will use the repeated Emphasis will be placed on the development of control technologies shuttle orbiter entries in order to obtain data which can be used supporting integrated orbital operations and services. This activity to improve our ability to extrapolate ground-based data and will also involve the development and demonstration of a system predictions to an actual entry environment, and (2) develop and architecture and associated design and evaluation methodologies fly experiments which utilize the shuttle orbiter as a test bed in which will effectively serve the need for advanced information orbit so as to improve our understanding of the orbital environment processing across a broad spectrum of future NASA missions. and the performance of transportation systems or space structures The approach used will be to conduct studies, analyses, and in that environment. The results of this research will permit trade-off studies to define hardware and software requirements. significant advances in our capabilities to design future space systems by greatly expanding the data base of flight data, particularly for the technologies that cannot be fully simulated in Human Factors Research and Technology ground facilities. Also, new technology will be developed and demonstrated to permit the design of advanced in-space instrumen- tation and measurement systems. W87-70083 (21) 506-47 Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. W87-70086 (21) 506-48 HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. D. C. Nagel 415-694-5729 SPACE FLIGHT RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY (1 99-22-00; 505-67-00) J. 0. Arnold 415-694-5265 Relative to previous space missions, the International Space (506-40-00; 506-43-00) Station will involve more autonomous operation to minimize the The objective is to utilize the space shuttle as a flight research costs of expensive ground support, will incorporate increased facility to obtain data to support and augment the research and automation of on-board systems for greater productivity, will house technology base for advanced space transportation systems. A and support a more heterogeneous crew, and will utilize EVA on better understanding of thermal protection system (TPS) perfor- a routine and operational basis. To ensure high levels of productivity mance during orbiter entry will allow creation of options for TPS and operational safety for future space missions such as the Space cost and weight reductions and improved TPS temperature and Station, research will be conducted in two specific areas: crew durability capabilities for the current space shuttle and advanced station design and extravehicular activities. The objectives are to aerospace/ hypersonic vehicles. Three separate experiments will develop a technology base for intelligent operator interfaces to be flown as test panels or tiles replacing baseline TPS on the autonomous and supervised systems and to develop a new orbiter during operational flights. These experimentstake advantage generation of high performance space suits, gloves, and end of the actual entry heating environment that cannot be fully effectors that meet the requirements of the Space Station and simulated in ground facilities. The experiments will investigate TPS other manned space missions. In-house and contracted research convective heating effects and will demonstrate advanced TPS will be conducted in laboratories and in mission-orientedsimulators materials for possible orbiter retrofit and for application to advanced to provide the technology base. Demonstrations of operator vehicles. Baseline TPS procedures and instrumentationwill be used interface technology will be conducted in engineering test beds at to the maximum extent practical. There will be no impact on orbiter other NASA Centers. Finally, advanced suits and other EVA operations. These experiments will be designed, developed, and hardware will be developed and tested to provide proofs of concept. fabricated through both in-house and contract efforts.

14 OFFICE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY

W87-70087 (22) 506-48 ogy development programs which satisfy these requirements; and Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. to support conceptual design and development of future space- SPACE FLIGHT RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY craft, advanced earth- and space-based transportation vehicles E. P. Symons 216-433-2853 and large space antennas, platforms, space stations and lunar The overall objective of this RTOP is to provide for the flight bases via system-level analyses and supporting flight research. verification and evaluation of advanced technologies for future In-house and contracted analytical capabilities and computational space systems. This part of the Space Flight R8T program is and experimental facilities will be utilized to accomplish these focused on providing an adequate technology base to enable the objectives. Computer-aided engineering, design, and simulation design of efficient and effective systems for the management of capabilities will be expanded to meet the analysis and technology subcritical cryogenic fluids in the space environment including assessment needs. storage, acquisition (positioning) and fluid transfer and achieving technology readiness and user acceptance of a high performance W87-70091 (55) 506-49 long life ion auxiliary propulsion system. The overall approach Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. involves performing in-space experimentation to obtain data which SYSTEMS ANALYSIS can be used to verify analytical models or provide demonstrations Richard W. Key 818-354-3060 of technology readiness. The objective is to identify critical technology needs for future high priority NASA missions, and assist in the formation of the W87-70088 (72) 506-48 necessaty supporting technology development programs. Studies Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. will focus on two technically demanding missions requiring new SPACE FLIGHT SYSTEMS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY and enabling technologies: Mars Sample/Collection Return and R. L. Spann 713-483-3617 the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) astrophysics mission. Trade The objective of the OEX program is to collect data in the studies will be conducted to quantitatively define mission/ technology disciplines that will augment the research and technol- technology options. Analytical models will be used to assess ogy base for future spacecraft design. Flight data relative to various concepts and mechanization schemes. To ensure the these disciplines will be collected by utilizing the currently planned achievement of greatest scientific return and maximum cost AIPIMADS configuration, by modifications and/or augmentations effectiveness, technological approaches will be carefully evaluated to the DFI base-line instrumentation and development of unique in terms of capability, performance, risk, and cost. Resulting experiments compatible with the operational capabilities for flight information on the benefits, costs, and development plans/ on the orbiter. Studies will be conducted to determine the optimum schedules for each of the technologies considered, will be provided method of utilizing the shuttle system to conduct research and to mission (OSSA) and technology (OAST) program managers to technology. These studies will be augmented by investigation to maximize the effectiveness and coordination of their respective develop experimental programs that would obtain research and programs. technology data in flight regimes applicable to advanced space transportation systems. The primary goal of these studies is more wa7-70092 (51) 506-49 efficient utilization of the STS capabilities to obtain data required Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. to advance the current state of spacecraft technology. This RTOP SYSTEMS ANALYSIS includes the effort associated with overall project management, Philip A. Studer 301-286-5229 project support, experiment development initiation, experiment The objective of this program is the identification and coordina- compatibility assessments, experiment integration activities and tion of technological advances to enhance earth observing integration hardware development initiation. The experiment missions. Both the polar orbiting platform and geostationary development efforts are the subject of additional RTOPs from the platform requirements are studied to evaluate technology needs. appropriate NASA centers. Instrument and spacecraft systems interactions and impact on precision pointing are a prime focus. Another is autonomous W87-70089 (55) 506-48 system technology with emphasis on control actuators and long-life Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. high performance mechanisms. The approach includes intercenter SPACE FLIGHT RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY technology working group activities and a multidisciplinary Richard Key 81 8-354-3060 intercenter group with support from universities and industry. The objective is to provide institutional support lor the Analyses and evaluation of technology issues, approaches, and solicitation, award, and management oversight of the technology system benefits are performed. Plans to initiate and augment flight experiment definition study contracts to be awarded to various technological developments are prepared. On-orbit alignment university and industry principal investigators, within one or more measurement and control employing both active and passive Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST) defined control for dynamically stable platforms for science and imaging technology theme areas. In addition, this effort will support periodic are being studied. Advanced actuators and control mechanizations technology theme working group meetings at Jet Propulsion with lifetime enhancing features are included. Laboratory (JPL) and elsewhere, as well as the production task documentation for program planning purposes. Funding to cover W87-70093 (62) 506-49 institutional costs is required in order for JPL to support the Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. development of the OAST program and to manage those university SYSTEMS ANALYSIS and industry contracts which are issued through JPL as a R. F. Nixon 205-544-5033 technology theme center. The objectives of this effort are to conduct trades to identify the technology, benefit analyses to show technology rationale, and planning analyses to outline the resolution of technologies Systems Analysis for advanced launch and space vehicles. The result/products of the effort are trades showing performance; benefit analyses showing life cycle cost, leverage, rate of return on investment W87-70090 (23) 506-49 and risks; and planning analyses showing the approach, facility Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. needs, costs, and schedules for resolving the technologies SYSTEM ANALYSIS selected. The approach is to select candidate vehicles/technology R. R. Nunamaker 804-865-2893 areas requiring appropriate technology improvements. Then, The technical objectives of this research are to identify determine candidate trade/ technology options within these areas technology requirements for advanced space systems and to promising an appropriate return for technology investment. Next, synthesize these requirements into comprehensive and timely conduct these trades to show the specific performance technology development plans; to advocate research and technol- improvements and net investment returns. Finally, make a selection

15 OFFICE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY of the preferred technologies showing the highest returns on analysis issues such as those relating to CSTl and potential new investment with the lowest risk and define the plan for resolving or changing roles for OAST in Space R&T. these technologies. W87-70097 (72) 506-49 W87-70094 (21) 506-49 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. SYSTEM ANALYSIS SYSTEMS ANALYSIS C. Teixeira 713-403-4470 W. Brooks 41 5-694-6547 A primary objective of this task is the development of systems (506-43-00; 506-45-00; 159-41-00) requirements and conceptual designs of space vehicle(s) that are The objective is to identify critical system and subsystem required from earth to orbit, orbital transfer, or lunar descent and/or technology requirements associated with future astrophysics ascent and the definition of the associated operational require- payloads such as the Large Deployable Reflector, the Space ments. This study will incorporate the data base developed by Infrared Telescope Facility, and second generation instruments previous studies on this subject, which will allow a more indepth for missions like the Hubble Space Telescope and Advanced effort. This study will establish advantages and disadvantages of X-ray Astrophysics Facilities. The technical complexity of these using a transportation node(s), which will include linear program- facilities and instruments, the need for assembly and refurbishment ming models of lunar transportation systems. The study should at the space station and the extended lifetime of these missions identify any unique requirements in the Civil Needs Data Base (10 to 20 years) all represent major areas of uncertainty in system (CNDB) with particular emphasis on a lunar base requirements. planning and design. Many of the large Astrophysics spacecraft A preliminary design of a lunar base will be made. In the design, planned for the next 10 to 20 years will be so large that ground critical factors will be identified, design requirements will be system tests will not be possible. Work will continue on the generated, parametric studies will be conducted, interface require- integration of the unique design tools required for telescope and ments will be generated and necessary technological developments instrument simulation. The work is divided into four principle areas. will be identified. The first area will be a study of the designs and technologies required to allow space station based replacement and refurbish- ment of cryogenic instruments. The second effort will involve the Interdisciplinary Technology study of the long term effects of the space environment on detectors and sensors. The third area will involve the integration of telescope unique design tools. The fourth effort will consist of W87-70098 (23) 506-90 the definition of a flight program which can be used to demonstrate Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. technology developed in the first three efforts. INTERDISCIPLINARY TECHNOLOGY J. C. South 004-065-2664 W87-70095 (22) 506-49 (505-90-00) Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. The objective of this plan is to support activities in high-risk/ SYSTEMS ANALYSIS yield, innovative research at US. colleges and universities through H. W. Brandhorst 216-433-6149 the use of research and training grants. It is intended that these The objective of this RTOP is to identify, assess, and prioritize university-generated,high-risk research efforts will lead to relevant high leverage spacecraft technologies for NASA and commercial research and technology for assimilation into future Office of satellites of the late 1990's. For technologies appropriate for further Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST) research and technol- development, as part of the SPACECRAFT 2000 program, long ogy programs. Support will be provided to the US. community of range program plans will be formulated. The goal is, also, to define engineering and physical sciences, and universities and colleges and develop system level technology requirements for advanced for research efforts which conceive, explore, and establish the power systems applicable to space stations and lunar missions. fundamental principles for innovative technologies which are The approach consists of: liaison with industry and in-house and capable of significantly enhancing or enabling future space contracted studies in the spacecraft bus and communication missions. The program will provide a well balanced investment in satellite areas to identify technologies with significant benefits; appropriate discipline activities, drawing on the best available talent, preparing for the SPACECRAFT 2000 initiative; to define and facilities, academic programs, and creative ideas emanating from develop system technology requirements for advanced power academia. Program participants will be selected by an integrated systems; and to evaluate the impact on space station and lunar NASA multidisciplinary peer group. The selection will result in missions. These studies will be used to develop power systems %year, annually renewable grants. An annual review of program requirements databases and identify high payoff technologies; and activities will be conducted for all participants. to develop/implement plans and strategies for the utilization of an operational space station as an R&T facility for NASA, DOD, wa7-70099 (21) 506-90 industry and academia. Unique facilities, equipment/ Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. instrumentation will be identified. Precursor shuttle experiments INTERDISCIPLINARY TECHNOLOGY to develop technologies will be defined. J. N. Nielsen 415-694-5500 The object of this RTOP is to support innovative and high-risk W87-70096 (10) 506-49 basic research in areas related to space. The program pursues National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. basic investigations of new technologies in fundamental science SYSTEMS ANALYSIS and engineering needed to satisfy NASA's requirements in space Leonard A. Harris 202-453-2733 including the technical fields of lasers, cryogenics, materials, The objective of this RTOP is to provide space program studies applied mathematics, superconductivity, chemistry and physics, in support of Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST) human factors, and life support systerns..The Ames Basic Research space technology program requirements, assessments, planning, Council accepts unsolicited proposals from universities and judges and advocacy. The studies are intended to provide an analytical these on the basis of the degree of innovation and the capacity basis for planning activities in space RBT. Areas of work will to complete the task. include: technology status and trends assessments; mission concepts and systems; long-range planning activities; program wa7-70100 (22) 506-90 technology needs, requirements, and opportunities. A major focus Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. of this activity is the NASA Space Systems Technology Model, INTERDISCIPLINARY TECHNOLOGY including its continual update and maintenance. Activity will also M. J. Hartrnann 216-433-2954 include other study contracts, university grants, and consulting The objective is to conduct innovative, high-risk/yield research services in support of advanced system concepts and policy at US. colleges and universities in areas related to space. The

16 OFFICE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY program pursues basic investigations of and facilitates exchange control the engine. The near-term focus of the chemical propulsion of information about new technologies in fundamental science and system technology is on the validation of emerging analytical engineering needed to satisfy NASA’s requirements in space. The models for durability and performance. The intermediate-term focus program is carried out primarily through grants to US. universities is on the readiness verification of mature advanced component which are selected by an integrated, multidisciplinary peer group. features/instrumentation through the analysis, design, and fabrica- It allows Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST) to tion of the parts necessary to incorporate the features into modified initiate fundamental studies in areas not presently included in a SSME components for engine system test. The long-term focus is specific discipline program which can ultimately be assimilated on the demonstration of health montoring and control schemes into future OAST research and technology programs. applicable to flight operations.

W87-70101 (10) 506-90 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. Space Flight Systems Technology INTERDISCIPLINARY TECHNOLOGY Edmund L. Sanchez 202-453-2790 The objective of this effort is to provide for various activities W87-70104 (23) 542-06 in support of the Space Research and Technology program. These Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. activities include the acquisition of office automation equipment, CONTROL OF FLEXIBLE STRUCTURES FLIGHT EXPERIMENT software and support services and the Resident Research W. D. Mace 804-865-3745 Associateship (RRA) program. Purchases of office automation The objective of the NASA control of flexible structures (COFS) equipment and software are handled in accordance with established technology program is to generate a technology data base that agency procedures. The RRA program is contracted. will provide the designer with options and approaches to achieve spacecraft performance such as maintaining geometry and/or suppressing undesired spacecraft dynamics. The GOFS program Space Systems Technology Pro- will address analysis and design, ground testing, control methods, grams and in-space testing to achieve a valid flight ready technology. The program will be focused on the development of technology required to understand and accurately predict and control deforma- Chemical Propulsion Systems Technol- tions of large flexible spacecraft in a micro-gravity environment. The program will evolve around major ground and generic in-space Q9Y testing with increasing spacecraft complexity to validate control/ structures design methodologies, control approaches, structural W87-70102 (22) 525-02 analysis methods, and ground and flight test methods. The products Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. of this program will be validated tools and approaches so that a ADVANCED EARTH-TO-ORBIT SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY practical implementation of this technology can be made with D. A. Petrash 216-433-2439 confidence. The GOFS plan is scheduled to begin in-space testing Evaluation and validation of technological advances in high by 1991 and to have validated flight-ready controVstructures pressure, oxygen-hydrogen earth-to-orbit rocket engines will be technology by 1994. accomplished in a testbed engine environment. The overall goals are to: (1) test and evaluate the output from the advanced high pressure oxygen-hydrogen program to extend component/ Automation and Robotics subsystem life, reduce operational cost and improve performance, (2) enhance the transfer of the emerging technology items to the development program and (3) allow for more intensive and W87-70105 (10) 549-01 comprehensive testing than can be accomplished in a schedule National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. driven flight engine program. The specific objectives are to (1) AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS TECHNOLOGY develop an environmental map of the engine operating characteris- Lee B. Holcomb 202-453-2747 tics and define the loads that influence useful life, (2) evaluate The purpose of this RTOP is to conduct space operations the technology features incorporated in new component designs, research with particular emphasis on human capabilities assisted (3) define and evaluate advanced control systems to relieve or by various levels of automation. The research will be conducted eliminate the adverse transient conditions that limit life, and (4) by developing and testing a beam assembly teleoperator (BAT) define and evaluate health monitoring systems which can detect for use in neutral buoyancy tests. Also, tests will be conducted of and identify marginal engine components. The components test closed cabin free flyers, head up displays for control of maneuvering program will provide basic data to validate new and existing models units, simulation of telepresence technology, investigation of the and subject potential component advances to the engine environ- human function in supervisory control, and the investigation of ment prior to committing the advancement to the engine develop- expert system for task assignment and housekeeping aboard a ment program. space station. This work will be carried out under a grant to MIT.

W87-70106 (21) 549-01 wa7-70103 (62) 525-02 Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS TECHNOLOGY ADVANCED EARTH-TO-ORBIT SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY H. Lum 415-694-6544 A. L. Worlund 205-544-0751 The objective is to develop technologies in artificial intelligence The overall objective of this effort is to test, evaluate, and and information sciences leading to an image-based advanced validate the technological advances of the OAST cryogenic and machine intelligent system for spaceborne applications. Emphasis high density propellants Earth-to-orbit propulsion research and is in the areas of spaceborne symbolic processing architectures; technology program. This technology effort will provide both a knowledge understanding; knowledge acquisition and knowledge mechanism to transfer advancements to operational and/or implementation; a programming environment for software verifica- development programs and the engine system data that can guide tion, validation, and automated program development; control and future technology emphasis. The plan includes: (1) development execution for intelligent systems; and machine learning. A coopera- of an environmental map of the engine operating characteristics tive Ames-academia-industry team consisting of world-class and loads that influence life, (2) development of advanced researchers has been established to conduct the required research technology features for new or modified components, and (3) with memoranda-of-understanding established with project centers definition/evaluation of an advanced systems to monitor and such as NASAIJSC and NASA/GSFC to transfer the technologies

17 OFFICE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY to project applications such as space station and space shuttle. assembly and servicing of space stations, platforms, and satellites. In addition, the Systems Autonomy Demonstration Program has This automation and robotics technology program is focused on been initiated to transfer the basic research technologies to developing methodology for evaluation and selection of telerobot real-time mission operations environments and provide a focused systems and demonstrations using scaled test tasks and quantita- demonstration. Program objectives are: Decrease of manpower tive measurements. The effort will develop sensored task simulators intensive tasks by at least 50%; decrease of documentation for with graduated difficulty and quantitative measurements which failure diagnostics by at least 80%; and, increase in productivity can be used in a test methodology for evaluation of telerobotic by at least 20%. demonstrations and systems. W87-70107 (23) 549-01 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS J. F. Creedon 804-865-4915 The objective of the activity is to provide automated manipula- Global Scale Atmospheric Processes tor, mobility, sensing, and actuation technology needed for future NASA teleoperation and robotics applications such as satellite servicing, maintenance and repair, structural assembly, and space W87-70111 146-66-01 manufacturing. The development and evaluation of optical sensing/ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. processing are additional objectives of this research. The approach METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS EXTRACTION is to conceptualize, evaluate, and verify algorithms, sensors, M. T. Chahine 818-354-2433 actuators, software, and system architecture required for remote (146-72-06) space operations. The research will be conducted through The overall objective of the proposed research is the develop- simulation and laboratory hardware experimental tests. The current ment of accurate numerical analysis methods to retrieve, from plan is to investigate cooperative humadmachine control of satellite data, important meteorological parameters needed for manipulator systems and to augment the human teleoperator weather and climate studies. To accomplish this we plan to: (1) control through the application of advanced control technology to conduct theoretical and applied studies for the development of automate the system, elevating the operator to higher levels of improved numerical techniques to retrieve atmospheric and supervisory control. surface parameters from radiance data measured by the NOAA HIRS/MSU sounders; (2) apply the retrieval methods for simulta- W87-70108 (51) 549-01 neous determination of several meteorological parameters such Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. as clear-column vertical temperature and humidity profiles, sea AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS TECHNOLOGY surface temperature, and the distribution of cloud heights and H. Plotkin 301-286-61 85 amounts; (3) verify the accuracy of the results by participation in The GSFC program in robotics research and technology is national and international workshops dedicated to this objective directed at creating the ability for autonomous robots to generate and by comparison with colocated radiosonde and sea surface their own plans for disassembly, assembly, and servicing of complex data and with cloud nephanalysis obtained independently from assemblies, using Computer Aided Design (CAD) derived geometric other sources; and (4) apply the results to observe and study knowledge bases and spatial reasoning. Laboratory robots execute various air-surface interaction processes on monthly to seasonal plans and use sensor feedback to accommodate real-world errors time scales. Simultaneous determination of the atmospheric and and uncertainties. The program also deals with principles of surface thermal structure and the cloud distribution provides designing satellite and payloads to be compatible with the use of information on heat sources and sinks, storage rates and transport robots for assembly and servicing. phenomena in the atmosphere. Such information is critical in determining the driving mechanisms for motions in the atmosphere W87-70109 (55) 549-01 and oceans and in improving numerical weather prediction. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS W87-70112 146-66-02 Wayne R. Schober 818-354-8581 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. The general objective is to develop the technology base GLOBAL SEASAT WIND ANALYSIS AND STUDIES required in teleoperators, teleoperator human factors, artificial P. M. Woiceshyn 818-354-5416 intelligence, and robotics. This will include automated manipulation, Our research is directed towards the incorporation of high- sensing, control and actuation technology required for future NASA resolution scatterometer marine wind and wind stress measure- telerobotics applications. Example applications are space assembly, ments in global meteorological research, applications and predic- space construction, satellite servicing, and platform maintenance tion, and towards the development of techniques for dealiasing and repair. The areas of technology will span from operator and assimilating scatterometer wind data into atmospheric and interface to the end effectors (hands) of the robot and will include: into coupled atmosphere-ocean models. The major objectives are: (1) sensing and perception, (2) planning and execution, (3) control (1) to generate kinematic and climatological statistics of the execution, (4) operator interface, and (5) system architecture and SEASAT scatterometer (SASS) dealiased surface wind fields over integration. The general approach has two parts: (1) develop core the ocean; (2) to perform global and regional meteorological technology which has multiple applications in automation and research using the dealiased SASS marine wind fields; (3) to begin robotics, and (2) focus the technology on a series of telerobotics a study introducing the orthogonal square-root information matrix demonstrations in 1988, 1990, 1993, 1997 and 2000 to integrate filter (SRIF) computer implementationof the Kalman-typeestimation and accelerate transfer of the diverse technologies through process for application to data analysis/assimilation; and (4) to ground-based system proof-of-concept. The telerobotics demon- create and improve an expanded SASS dealiased data base for strations will integrate core technologies to provide system level, analysis and research by using our algorithms. Tasks are: (1) case ground based, proof-of-concept demonstrations of telerobotics studies of storms of special interest (explosive development, capability. unusual structure, and forecast improvement); (2) development of statistics of meteorological parameters of importance in the W87-70110 (62) 549-01 global circulation of the atmosphere, including spectral statistics Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. and empirical orthogonal function analyses of surface fields; AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS TECHNOLOGY (3) application and impact of SASS marine wind data in equatorial E. C. Smith 205-544-3506 ocean-atmosphere interaction dynamics, global-ocean rainfall The overall objective of this RTOP is to provide development estimation, frontal instability, coastal mesoscale phenomena, of the highly experimental technology of telerobotics for orbital diabatic marine boundary layer studies, and high-resolution

18 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS numerical assimilation/forecast schemes; and (4) error analyses achieves superior performance compared to currently operational of the dealiased SASS1 /SOS-algorithm retrievals of wind speed sounders, compared to the current generation sounders it is a and direction, correction of errors by revised model function large and complex state-of-the-art instrument. During FY-87 we (transfer function), and reprocessing of the dealiased SASS data propose to initiate an effort to explore a middleground between set. AMTS with high performance and high complexity. and the current sounders with less performance and lower hardware complexity. W87-70113 146-6645 This effort will build on experience gained from the AMTS design, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. but channel selection will be based on being complementary to AIRBORNE RAIN MAPPING RADAR SYSTEM the AMSU. We expect this to result in a significant decrease in F. Li 818-354-2849 instrument complexity. Detailed channel selection and performance The objectives of this task are to develop an airborne rain requirements will be based on inputs from the NASAINOAA infrared mapping radar (ARMAR) to demonstrate accurate remote precipita- sounder study team. tion measurements. We will also use ARMAR to verify the technique, technology and data processing algorithm for future W87-70116 146-72-03 satellite rain mapping missions such as the proposed Tropical Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Rain Mapping Mission. In FY-86, we have completed a preliminary IR REMOTE SENSING OF SST design of ARMAR. In FY-87, we will continue to refine the system D. E. Hagan 818-354-7073 design, perform cost effectiveness tradeoffs on the hardware (161 -30-03) subsystems and to begin the fabrication of ARMAR. We will The objective of this research is to understand and describe, concentrate on the hardware development of the transmitter exciter from infrared measurements in the 8 to 13 micron range, the and receiver of the 35 GHz channel, and on the design of the propagation of radiation in the atmospheric boundary layer, in order antenna and the antenna scanning system. A conceptual design to assess the limiting value of water vapor content for which and a preliminary design review will be conducted. Appropriate realistic sea surface radiances can be extracted from spaceborne long-lead hardware items will be procured so that the system measurements. The approach is to use a new high precision IR fabrication for the 35 GHz channel can be completed in FY88. radiometer with a measurement strategy that is designed to address the above problem during a series of experimental aircraft flights. W87-70114 146-72-01 Vertical path attenuation measurements will be made from a balloon Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. airship for dry and wet atmospheric conditions to explore the MICROWAVE PRESSURE SOUNDER dependence of the continuum extinction and boundary flux D. A. Flower 818-354-4151 exchange on the partial pressure of water vapor, the total pressure This RTOP supports the third phase of the Microwave Pressure and temperature. This research will be co-investigated by Dr. C. Sounder (MPS) research program, the objective of which is to B. Farmer, Atmospheric and Oceanographic Science Section, 322. develop an instrument for the remote measurement of atmospheric pressure at the earth's surface. Extensive design studies have W87-70117 146-72-04 shown that differential absorption measurements in the wings of Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. the 60 GHz oxygen absorption band are capable of providing TROPOSPHERIC WIND MEASUREMENT ASSESSMENT surface pressure observations with the accuracy and coverage R. T. Menzies 818-354-3787 suited to applications in global weather research and operational The objective of this program is to evaluate certain aspects weather forecasting. These theoretical studies have been supported of the Doppler laser radar technique for global measurement of by an experimental program with a simplified instrument on the tropospheric wind fields. This technique has the potential for NASA CV-990 aircraft. Recent results from these experiments have providing global wind data from an orbiting platform. Several types demonstrated the ability to determine surface pressure with an of remote measurement of atmospheric wind velocities have been accuracy of 1 millibar. The specific objectives of this phase of the analyzed, e.g., passive microwave, millimeter wave, infrared program are: detailed investigation of the limits to the validity of radiometry, and active visible and infrared rangegated lidar, with oxygen and water vapor spectroscopic models and the improve- the results indicating that the Doppler lidar technique is the superior ments of the models where possible; development and testing of technique for tropospherical wind field measurements. During FY87, precision calibration techniques and MPS subsystems suitable for the work will continue on an experimental study of vertical profiles use in a satellite instrument; and an investigation of the capabilities of atmospheric backscatter at various C02 laser wavelengths in of the combined use of active and passive remote sensing the 9 to 11 micrometers region. This study will be conducted instruments for meteorological observations. The approach will be using an existing TEA C02 lidar facility, employing a single- to develop precision calibration techniques and improved MPS longitudinal-mode (SLM) injection-controlled TEA laser transmitter subsystems and to test these in the present aircraft instrument. and a heterodyne receiver. The use of air parcel trajectory analysis Data acquired with the instrument on NASA's CV-990 aircraft will capabilities at UCLA will be co-ordinated in order to study the be used to investigate the limits of the present oxygen and water dependence of aerosol backscatter on the history of the air panel. vapor spectroscopic models. A study will be initiated on the use Continued experimental studies of the correlation time of the of passive remote sensors in combination with the MPS instrument aerosol backscatter signal (which is an important parameter for to define the advantages of using the sensors in combination for coherent lidar detection analysis) will be conducted. meteorological measurements. Results of these studies will be applied to the design of a satellite MPS. W87-70118 146-7295 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. W87-70115 146-72-02 AMSU RESEARCH STUDIES Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. R. K. Kakar 818-354-7748 TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE SOUNDER The objective of this investigation is: (1) to optimize the H. H. Aumann 818-354-8375 capabilities and specifications of Advanced Microwave Sounding The ultimate objective of this effort is to develop a tropospheric Unit (AMSU), the next generation microwave sounder system for and surface temperature sounder, which complements the Ad- NOAA operational applications; (2) to develop techniques for vanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) on Landsat satellites, retrieving meteorological parameters from microwave radiometric in an effort to meet the requirements of the numerical weather measurements; and (3) to define operational and/or experimental prediction models of the 1990s. Over the past eight years we microwave radiometric systems beyond AMSU. The proposed have developed an infrared Advanced Moisture and Temperature research will consist of radiative transfer studies, numerical Sounder (AMTS) which establishes the highest level of performance simulations, planning and evaluation of field experiments, and the achievable with a stand-alone infrared sounder with current analysis of measured data to verify the feasibility of measuring technology. However, while AMTS is technically feasible and various meteorological parameters with microwave radiometry.

19 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

Meteorological parameters to be addressed include temperature lidar system. Accuracy will be achieved through careful experimen- and water vapor profiles, precipitation intensity and distribution. tal techniques such as incorporating spinning targets to reduce The necessary measurement program will be carried out with the speckle effects. Continuity between the three measurements will airborne Advanced Microwave Moisture Sounder (AMMS) in include: (1) target continuity; (2) illumination continuity (wavelength, collaboration with Dr. T. T. Wilheit of NASA/GSFC. polarization, and bandwidth); and (3) geometric continuity (polar angles, solid angles, and target size to beam size relationship). W87-70 119 146-72-06 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. W87-70122 146-72-11 ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETER MAPPING Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. K. J. Hussey 818-354-4016 ATMOSPHERIC BACKSCATTER EXPERIMENT The primary objective is to continue development of the image R. T. Menzies 818-354-3787 processing capability to produce very high quality color maps and (146-72-04; 146-72-10) time-lapse imagery of global atmospheric parameters derived from The objective of this program is to support studies of the NOAA HIRS2/MSU satellite data. Other objectives include: feasibility and scientific value of an Earth-orbiting Doppler lidar for increasing the cost effectiveness of map production making the global-scale tropospheric wind measurements, by the direct process of climatic map generation and data analysis more readily measurement of tropospheric aerosol backscatter coefficients at available to atmospheric scientists, and providing continuing wavelengths in the 9 to 11 micron range over large geographical support to M. Chahine in the development of new parameter maps regions. Emphasis is upon those regions which are important in derived from the combination and integration of existing data fields. the global winds measurement studies but difficult to characterize To allow the continuation of high quality and cost effective time at present due to the scarcity of aerosol measurement data. The series image research and production, a stand alone microcom- use of nadir directed, range-gated lidar to obtain altitude profiles puter based workstation will be procured and the image processing of aerosol backscatter coefficients is an efficient means of sampling procedures to efficiently use the workstation will be written. This the troposphere at carefully selected times. This investigation will includes the facility to process the data and then animate the initially consist primarily of the design and fabrication of an airborne data onto video tape for universal distribution. A time series CO2 lidar, which would be mounted on the NASA DC-8 (or sequence displaying atmospheric dynamics will be produced to equivalent) research aircraft and configured to measure vertical demonstrate this capability. Procedures to facilitate interactive profiles of aerosol backscatter from the aircraft altitude (near the scientific data interpretation and reduction will be improved. To tropopause) to the ground. The lidar would be flown on the NASA insure procedures are user friendly, atmospheric scientists will be DC-8 on at least one latitude survey mission over the Pacific asked to participate in the improvement of the procedures. In Ocean, and possibly on the flight series dedicated to Southern addition, existing software will be modified to operate within the Hemisphere measurements. The data obtained will be analyzed workstation environment. and considered in the context of related instrument measurements of atmospheric aerosols and other atmospheric parameters. W87-70120 146-72-09 Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Pasadena, Calif. ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AND RADIATION SCIENCE SUP- Upper Atmospheric Research Program PORT C. Elachi 818-354-5356 The objective of this task is to support the NASA Atmo- W87-70123 147-11-05 spheric Dynamic and Radiation Branch in the development and Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. scientific use of remote sensing techniques to study atmospheric IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS OF STRATOSPHERIC OZONE dynamic phenomena in the lower atmosphere, such as wind fields, D. E. Robbins 713-483-4464 pressure fields, and precipitation. The approach will consist of The objective of this research is to contribute to a better encouraging distinguished scientists in the field to spend some understanding of stratospheric ozone photochemistry and to study time (a few weeks to a few months) at JPL to work with JPL the impact of man-made compounds upon the ozone. We will scientists and to explore new ideas and concepts of direct develop, improve, and utilize the ultraviolet absorption photometry relevance and interest to the atmospheric dynamics and radiation technique (with the Dasibi technology) for an experimental package program. small enough to be flown piggyback on balloon platforms carrying experiments to measure other stratospheric species. Results will W87-70 12 1 146-72-10 be compared with measurements of experiments using other Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. techniques and differences will be resolved, especially in the LIDAR TARGET CALIBRATION FACILITY region near 40 km that is critical to the proposed depletion of R. T. Menzies 818-354-3787 ozone by fluorocarbons. Efforts will be undertaken to test (146-72-04; 146-72-11) stratospheric photochemical models, especially by studying The primary objective of the JPL Lidar Target Calibration Facility reactions involving specie families (such as NOx). is to provide accurate and consistent calibration of C02 lidar targets. The customer will provide a sample to JPL of the target W87-70124 147-1 1-07 surface which is to be used to calibrate the customer’s lidar system. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Parameters which are used in the lidar calibration, such as the BALLOON-BORNE DIODE LASER ABSORPTION SPECTROME- C02 laser wavelength, incident and reflected polarizations, and TER the polar angle at the target will be specified by the customer. C. R. Webster 818-354-7478 The measurement result provided to the customer for each set of The Balloon-Borne Laser In-Situ Sensor (BLISS) task has as specified parameters will be the target reflectance parameter, which its primary objective the collection of reliable data on the concentra- is used in the reduction of target and aerosol backscatter data to tions, distributions, and variabilities of the minor and trace species obtain the desired profile of the aerosol backscatter coefficient. A in the stratosphere. These data are to be used by modelers and secondary objective is to measure the depolarization properties dynamicists to assess and predict the effects of change in the and the proximity to Lambertian (diffuse) behavior of customer- chemical content of the upper atmosphere due to anthropogenic supplied and experimental target surfaces. The calibration method- activity. The BLISS instrument uses tunable diode lasers (TDLs) ology to be used will strive for maximum measurement continuity to measure the absorption due to selected species between the and accuracy between an integrating sphere measurement of a balloon gondola and a lowered retroreflector which defines a 1-km Lambertian primary standard, a backscatter reflectance ratio absorption path. The TDL beam in use is stabilized onto the lowered measurement of the customer’s target to the primary standard, retroreflector by use of an optical tracking system. Several species and the eventual field use of the customer’s target to calibrate a can be measured simultaneously to the 0.1 ppbv level in sensitivity,

20 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS throughout a diurnal cycle, and with the additional possibility of W87-70128 147-16-01 altitude profiling. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. MULTI-SENSOR BALLOON MEASUREMENTS W87-70125 147-1296 J. H. Riccio 818-354-4415 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. (1 47-1 2-05; 147-12-06; 147-12-08) BALLOON MICROWAVE LIMB SOUNDER (BMLS) STRATO- A continuing series of stratospheric balloon flights is conducted SPHERIC MEASUREMENTS to measure the abundance and altitude distribution of key chemical J. W. Waters 818-354-3025 constituents in the upper atmosphere. A modular gondola system (673-18-49) is used to carry a multi-instrumented package consisting of several The objective of this program is to improve understanding of JPL remote sensing instruments, or instruments from other Earth’s upper atmosphere by balloon-based microwave measure- institutions in the U.S. and abroad, configured for a particular ments. Well-founded concerns that man’s technological activities scientific purpose for any one flight. Data are obtained on the may perturb upper atmospheric balances, particularly those altitude profiles for a number of chemically coupled species all at maintaining stratospheric ozone, justify this objective. The approach the same time and in the same air mass for instrument intercompar- is to first determine which measurements are needed for atmo- ison purposes and for the validation of atmospheric chemical spheric research and perform calculations to define which subset models. of these can be usefully performed by microwave techniques. A field program is then established for those measurements of sufficient value. The field program may involve instrument develop W87-70129 147-18-02 ment or improvement. One important goal of this program is to Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. determine both the capabilities and limitations of microwave GAS CORRELATION WIND SENSOR techniques so they can be used efficiently in NASA’s overall Upper D. J. McCleese 818-354-2317 Atmosphere Research Program. The plan of this research program The objective of this task is the development of a measurement for the current year is to use the improved sensitivity of the JPL technique for remote sensing of stratospheric and mesospheric Balloon Microwave Limb Sounder (BMLS) in a NASA-coordinated wind velocities from spacecraft. The measurement technique is measurement program to improve understanding of how chlorine based on the determination of wind induced Doppler shifts of from industrial sources might deplete stratospheric ozone. The thermal emission spectra of selected molecular species such as BMLS operates simultaneously in three spectral bands near N20 and C02. Doppler shifts are measured with a new type of 205 GHz to measure thermal emission from CIO, 03, and H202. gas correlation spectrometer that utilizes electrooptic phase modulation of emission spectra to bring about spectral correlation W87-70126 147-12-1 5 of Doppler shifted spectra. Laboratory measurements, together Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. with atmospheric radiation transfer calculations, show that wind FAR INFRARED BALLOON RADIOMETER FOR OH induced doppler shifts can be measured in the 20 to 100 km H. M. Pickett 818-354-6861 altitude range with an accuracy of better than 5 m/s. The approach A stratospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) radiometer for balloon is through the continued laboratory development and testing of observations in the far infrared region will be developed. This the electrooptic phase modulation gas correlation spectrometer instrument will use three Fabry-Perot resonators to resolve and the development of mathematical models to assess the stratospheric limb emission of OH at 101 cm(-l) (99 micron performance and science return of a spaceborne gas correlation wavelength). The resolution will be 0.001 cm(-1) (30 MHz) to wind sensors. match the stratospheric OH spectral line profile. Calculations indicate that the instrument will have sensitivity for retrieving useful OH concentration profiles between 25 km and 46 km with 3 km W87-70130 147-21-03 vertical resolution. The instrument is compact (approximately Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. 0.1 cubic meters), light-weight (approximately 30 kg), requires low CHEMICAL KINETICS OF THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE power (approximately 25 W) and thus is well-suited to balloon W. B. DeMore 818-354-2436 observations. The objective of this research is to obtain direct measurements of rate constants and temperature dependences for reactions of W87-70127 147-14-07 HO(x), NO(x), CIO(x),BrO(x) and RO(x) in stratospheric chemistry, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. and to develop techniques for laboratory study of relevant transient MICROWAVE TEMPERATURE PROFILER FOR THE ER-2 AIR- species. CRAFT FOR SUPPORT OF THE STRATOSPHERIC/ TROPOSPHERIC EXCHANGE PROJECT B. L. Gary 818-354-3198 The proposed task is to conduct observations with an airborne W87-70131 147-22-0 1 radiometer that is installed in the NASA ER-2 aircraft. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. radiometer measures air temperature versus altitude, which can PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE be used to estimate potential vorticity for the air mass through W. 6. DeMore 818-354-2436 which the aircraft is flying. Potential vorticity can be used as a The objective is to conduct laboratory studies of stratospheric tracer for stratospheric air. The identification of stratospheric versus photochemistry, including photolytic quantum yields, reaction rates tropospheric air is a key part of the STEP (Stratospheric/ and mechanisms, product distributions, and absorption cross Tropospheric Exchange Project), of which this task is one element. sections. An elevation-angle-scanning passive microwave radiometer has been constructed for STEP during previous years of this task. Air temperature profiles have been measured for layers of air that W87-70132 147-22-02 are several thousand feet thick. These profiles have been used Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. to demonstrate that lapse rate can be monitored with time scales ATMOSPHERIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY of 14 seconds. Wind vector measurements will be combined with M. J. Molina 818-354-5752 lapse rate to derive potential vorticity. Special STEP flights are Laboratory studies will be conducted to elucidate the photo- planned for the Australia/lndonesia region during January/ chemistry of the atmosphere. Measurements will include reaction February, 1987. RTOPs submitted by the Ames Research Center rate constants involving radicals and various polar molecules over STEP project explain how the potential vorticity data will be used an extended pressure and temperature range; absorption cross to constrain meteorological theories for mechanisms that produce sections as a function of wavelength and temperature; and FTlR an exchange of air across the tropopause/stratosphere boundary. spectra of reaction intermediates.

21 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

W87-70133 147-23-08 could be added subject to JPL and NASA-OSSA Code EE mutual Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. agreement. INFRARED LABORATORY SPECTROSCOPY IN SUPPORT OF STRATOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS R. A. Toth 818-354-6860 W87-70138 147-52-01 The program involves the acquisition of laboratory spectra and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. the analysis of molecular spectral parameters which are required DETAILEENPPER ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH PROGRAM for the interpretation of data from stratospheric measurements. C. Elachi 818-354-5673 The laboratory spectral measurements will be conducted specifi- The objective of this RTOP is to provide support to the Earth cally in support of the JPL infrared interferometers. These Science and Applications Division, by the assignment of a JPL instruments have requirements relative to spectral regions of detailee to NASA Headquarters. The primary duties of the detailee operation, spectral resolution, and molecules for which they are will be to coordinate present and future activities of the NASA best suited. Emphasis is placed on accuracy of line frequency, Upper Atmosphere Research Program, and to assist in the line width, and line strength measurements, in order to take full development of an interdisciplinary Earth Science Research advantage of spectroscopic techniques for quantitative atmospheric Program. species measurements. A large portion of the spectral data will also be of value to other groups who use spectroscopic instru- ments for atmospheric measurements. Planetary Geology R&A W07-70134 147-23-09 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. LASER LABORATORY SPECTROSCOPY C. R. Webster 818-354-7478 W07-70139 15 1-0 1-20 The laser laboratory spectroscopy program involves the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. acquisition and analysis of molecular spectral parameters which PLANETARY GEOLOGY are required for the interpretation of data from laser stratospheric W. C. Phinney 713-483-3816 measurements, specifically by the BLISS infrared laser instrument. The broad objective of the study of planetary surface processes Line positions, absorption strengths, and air broadening coefficients is to develop a coherent body of data on planetary surface are the spectral parameters measured. New spectroscopic processes which can be used to design planetary missions and techniques for laser wavelength calibration and spectral lineshape to interpret data as well as place boundary conditions on planetary analysis are also investigated. evolution. The study of appropriate analogues not only places boundary conditions on the evolution of other planets such as W07-70135 147-23-10 Mars but also permits, on Earth, the evaluation of the characteris- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. tics of planetary surface instrumentation. Future exploration of Mars MILLIMETER/SUBMILLIMETER LABORATORY SPECTROS- and other planets includes surface analysis and sample return COPY missions. The development of these missions requires suitable E. A. Cohen 818-354-4701 instrumentation for analyses on the surface of mars and analogues A program of laboratory studies related to stratospheric of Martian surface material. Specific objectives are: (1) to determine research will be conducted in millimeter and submillimeter spectros- through detailed grain-by-grain studies of several terrestrial soils copy. The program involves the acquisition and analysis of the processes and history that can be deduced through such molecular spectral parameters which are required for the interpreta- data, (2) to characterize the gases released by thermal decomposi- tion of data from stratospheric measurements. The laboratory tion of Martian surface analog materials and evaluate the feasibility spectral measurements will be conducted specifically in support of accomplishing such analyses in situ, (3) to map the volcanic of the JPL millimeter radiometer instruments. Emphasis is placed stratigraphy on the surface of lo, and (4) to determine the on accuracy of line frequency, line width, and transition movement thermochemical properties and kinetics of potential regolith material measurements, in order to take full advantage of spectroscopic on Mars and Venus, and (5) to compare the landforms of Venus techniques for quantitative atmospheric species measurements. A and Earth. large portion of the spectral data will also be of value to other groups who use spectroscopic instruments for atmospheric measurements. W07-70140 15 1-01-60 Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. W87-70136 147-51 -01 PLANETOLOGY AEOLIAN PROCESSES ON PLANETS Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. B. F. Smith 415-694-5515 DATA SURVEY AND EVALUATION The objective of this activity is to determine the parameters W. B. DeMore 818-354-2436 governing aeolian (wind) processes in various planetary environ- An up-to-date tabulation and critical evaluation of kinetic and ments by means of wind tunnel simulations, laboratory experiments, photochemical data relevant to the stratosphere will be maintained Earth analog studies, and analyses of spacecraft data. The for use by atmospheric modelers, to aid in the establishment of approach will be to conduct experiments using wind tunnel and research priorities, and to identify gaps or inconsistencies in the other laboratory apparatus to study at various atmospheric database. pressures and compositions: (1) conditions for the initiation and sustainment of particle movement: (2) erosion and deposition W87-70137 147-51-12 around various landforms: (3) rates of erosion of various natural Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. materials; and (4) scanning electron microscopy of surface textures INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE SUPPORT produced by wind abrasion under planetary conditions. Field M. T. Chahine 818-354-2433 experiments will be conducted to determine threshold conditions The objective of this RTOP is to support the NASA Earth under natural conditions and to determine aeolian patterns around Sciences and Applications Division in the development and full-scale landforms, and a field-portable anemometer array will application of remote sensing techniques to study land surface be used for studying the dynamics of particle motion and bedform processes and their interactions with the atmosphere. The science development. Long-tern field experiments will continue on the support to the NASA Earth Systems Science Program will be aeolian erosion under natural conditions to provide a check for provided through the assistance of Professor R. Goody and the laboratory experiments. Spacecraft data from the Viking and Professor S. I. Rasool, Prof. Ronald Prinn, Dr. Paul Blanchard, Venera missions will be analyzed to interpret aeolian processes Prof. M. McElroy and Dr. Jim Baker. Additional science support on Mars and Venus.

22 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

W07-70141 15 1-02-50 atmospheric instability on surface processes. Also, a new tunnel Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. is to be constructed and calibrated for airborne microgravity MARS GEOLOGY CRUSTAL DICHOTOMY AND CRUSTAL feasibility tests. EVOLUTION Herbert Frey 301-344-5450 W07-70 145 151-0264 The objectives of this research are to: develop an under- Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. standing of the origin and development of the fundamental crustal MARTIAN GEOLOGIC FEATURES AND PLANETARY PRO- dichotomy on Mars and of the boundary scarp which separates CESSES the cratered highlands from the northern lowland plains; determine S. W. Squyres 415-694-5491 the extent to which relic pieces of old cratered terrain are present The purpose of this research is to obtain a better understanding within younger geologic units; determine crater retention ages for of selected problems pertaining to the origin, evolution, and present morphological subunits within the transition zone; and develop a state of planets and satellites. Problems of particular interest deal model for the resurfacing history of this boundary. The approach with geological processes on Mars and icy satellites, the physics will be to conduct photogeologic mapping of features characteristic of cometary nuclei, accretional heating of planets and satellites, of the highland boundary scarp and ancient cratered terrain and the evolution of jovian planets. A variety of techniques is (detached plateaus, knobby terrain, partial and whole craters); used to investigate the problems under consideration. These produce maps of fractional areal distributions, correlate these with include geologic mapping and interpretation, quantitative analysis topography and with surface material properties; develop regional of spacecraft data, and development of numerical models of surface characterization of the boundary scarp and transition zone. Use processes. Examples of problems to be considered include study cumulative frequency curves for impact craters to assess the of the geology of Ganymede, modeling of ice-induced quasi-viscous number and age of major resurfacing events which have modified relaxation of topography on Mars, modeling of geologic processes the highland boundary and other major blocks of old cratered on Ganymede and Europa, calculations of heat transport processes terrain; and compare boundary scrap analogs on other planets. in icy regoliths, numerical modeling of accretional heating of icy satellites and terrestrial planets, investigation of the gamma-ray W07-70142 151-02-60 signal originating from Martian volatiles, investigation of the Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. photometric properties of the satellites of Saturn and Uranus, and NASA-AMES RESEARCH CENTER VERTICAL GUN FACILITY study of the survival of planetesimals as they enter the atmospheres T. E. Polek 415-694-5269 of growing jovian planets, The Ames Research Center Vertical Gun Range is a ballistic facility used to simulate and study the physics and mechanics of W07-70 146 151-02-65 planetary impact cratering phenomena. Ballistic technologies, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. utilizing light gas and gun powder, enable acceleration of projectiles FORMATION, EVOLUTION, AND STABILITY OF PRO- up to 2 centimeters diameter at relative velocities of approximately TOSTELLAR DISKS 8 kmlsec. By varying the gun's angle of elevation with respect to P. M. Cassen 415-694-5597 the target vacuum tank, impact angles from 0 degrees to The objectives of this research are to obtain an understanding 90 degrees with respect to the gravitational vector are possible. of the solar nebula and proto-stellar disks in general by analysis In conjunction with the Lunar and Planetary Institute, Ames of theoretical models based on hydrodynamic and thermodynamic Research Center (ARC) operates the Ames Vertical Gun Facility principles, and to relate these models to processes of planetary as a national facility. ARC'S responsibility is to manage the Vertical formation. Research is currently being concentrated in the following Gun Facility operations, including manpower, expendables, targets, areas: (1) development of a theory of the generation of bipolar etC.; maintain equipment and provide for facility modification and stellar winds as a natural stage in the formation of stars and upgrading, as needed. ARC operates the facility in such a manner disks; (2) theoretical analysis of mechanisms of angular momen- as to provide maximum support to the scientific community in the tum transport within protostellar disks; and (3) the analysis of studying and understanding of impact processes in planetary conditions in the solar nebula as inferred from meteoritic inclusions formation and modification. and grains.

W07-70143 15 192-61 W07-70147 151-02-67 Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. THEORETICAL STUDIES OF PLANETARY BODIES RING DYNAMICS AND MORPHOLOGY J. B. Pollack 415-694-5530 J. N. Cuui 415-694-6343 The purpose of this research is to obtain a better understanding The objective of this research is to understand the processes of selected problems pertaining to planetary surface phenomena, which determine the structure of planetary ring systems and to the composition, structure and evolution of planetary bodies and explore and test hypotheses of their origin and evolution. It is their satellites, and the origin of the solar system by means of likely that the dynamical processes operating today in ring systems theoretical investigations employing the results of spacecraft and are analogous to those which accompanied the formation of the ground-based experiments. Theoretical knowledge, physical insight, planets from their own particle disk. Along with theoretical studies, and mathematical modeling techniques are used, together with complementary analyses and interpretations of ground-based and astronomical and geological data, to construct self-consistent spacecraft observations are pursued. Both ring structure and mathematical descriptions of planetary processes and structures. particle properties are of interest. Analysis and interpretation of the results of these model calcula- tions are applied to such topics as wind-blown surface features and climatic changes on Mars, and aeolian phenomena on Venus Planetary Materials and Titan.

W07-70144 151-02-63 W07-70 140 152-1 1-40 Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. PLANETOLOGY: AEOLIAN PROCESSES ON PLANETS PLANETARY MATERIALS: MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY B. F. Smith 415-694-5515 I. D. Browne 713-483-6241 The objective of this activity is to develop and operate wind The general objective is to obtain information about the nature, tunnels used to simulate aeolian (wind) processes in various origin and evolution of the Solar System. The specific objective is planetary environments. The Venus and Mars wind tunnels will be to learn the pressure, temperature and chemical composition of configured to analyze the development of bedforms, the interaction distinct mineralogic phases at the time of their formation. Textures, of windblown particles with atmospheres, and the effects of structures and chemical composition of minerals found in samples

23 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS of the Moon, meteorites (asteroids, comets, Mars), cosmic dust absorption spectrophotometry, gamma-ray spectrometry, and (comets, asteroids) and the Earth will be measured using optical proton-induced X-ray emission. Relative abundances of trace and electron microscope and electron microprobe techniques. elements in different samples places bounds on the characteristics Comparison of these results with those from laboratory calibration of the sources from which the rock-forming materials are derived. experiments and theoretical models will lead to pressure, tempera- ture and history information for parts of Solar System objects.

W87-70149 152-12-40 W87-70152 152-13-60 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. PLANETARY MATERIALS EXPERIMENTAL PETROLOGY PLANETARY MATERIALS-CARBONACEOUS METEORITES I. D. Browne 713-483-6241 S. Chang 41 5-694-5733 The general objective is to obtain information about the nature, The objective of this research is to understand the processes origin and evolution of the Solar System. The specific objective is involved in the origin and early evolution of solid bodies in the to execute laboratory experiments and develop theoretical models solar system through the study of meteorites. The approach taken which aid our understanding of the crystallization behavior of to meet the objectives focuses on the chemical and mineralogical- rock-forming minerals. Mineral systems similar to those found in petrographic analyses of meteorites. The abundance, isotopic samples from the Moon, meteorites (asteroids, comets, Mars), composition and distribution of selected elements are measured; cosmic dust (comets, asteroids) and the Earth will be studied and the occurrence and distribution of various mineral phases are experimentally by observing the products of crystallization from determined. Systematic searches for elemental, isotopic and experimental charges of known composition cooled under known mineralogic-petrologic correlations between meteorites and within pressure and temperature conditions. Comparison of these results a meteorite will be made so as to elucidate physical-chemical with the mineralogy of naturally-occurring samples will lead to relationships in the meteorite population. From these relationships pressures temperature, and history information for parts of these will be deduced the nature of the processes that were involved in Solar System objects. the origins, accretion and distribution of these objects and their components in the early solar system. In turn these processes W87-70150 152-12-40 are modeled by laboratory or computer experiments from which the chemical and mineralogical outcomes can be determined. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. Findings from meteorite analyses and model studies are then A LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF THE FORMATION, PROP- ERTIES AND EVOLUTION OF PRESOLAR GRAINS compared for self-consistency. 6. Donn 301-344-6859 (188-41 -51 ; 154-75-80) The objectives of this program are: (1) Perform experiments W87-70153 152-14-40 to determine the mechanism by which refractory materials Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. condense from the vapor and the relative importance of the factors PLANETARY MATERIALS GEOCHRONOLOGY which control the rate of cluster formation and growth for I. D. Brown 713-483-6241 astrophysically relevant species. (2) Determine the structure and The general objective is to obtain information about the nature, composition of solids condensed from cosmically abundant origin and evolution of the Solar System. The specific objectives refractor mixtures. (3) Monitor changes which occur in these is to determine the absolute time when a particular event, such materials as the result of thermal annealing, hydration, exposure as the eruption of a volcano of the formation of a large impact to cosmic rays. The results will be a major contribution to crater, occurred. The concentrations of radioactive decay products characterizing the nature of grains present in the primitive solar and the corresponding parent isotopes will be measured in carefully nebula prior to its collapse. Objective 1 will be investigated using selected rock samples using mass spectrometric techniques. With a cluster beam apparatus. The equilibrium composition and size knowledge of the decay constant (half life) for the radioactive distribution of clusters as a function of temperature will be element, and assuming a closed chemical system, the time since monitored via a quadrupole mass spectrometer. This data will yield system closure may de deduced. Systems currently in use are: the concentration and stability of pre-condensation clusters as a K-Ar, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, Lu, Hf and U-Th-Pb. Study of extinct function of composition. Objectives 2 and 3 require a separate radioactive nuclides, such as Pu, leads to information on the interval flow system, designed to produce grains rather than clusters, and of time between the formation of the nuclide and its incorporation able to produce large amounts of multicomponent grains. The into a solid. structure and composition of these initial grains will be determined via X-ray and electron diffraction and energy dispersive studies, the infrared and UVhisible spectra will be obtained and the particle morphologywill be studied via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) W87-70154 152-15-40 and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). Samples Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. of these materials will be annealed at controlled temperatures for PLANETARY MATERIALS ISOTOPE STUDIES various times exposed to either liquid or gaseous water or in a I. D. Browne 713-483-6241 1 MeV proton beam and the changes thus induced studied by The general objective is to obtain information about the nature, the above techniques. origin and evolution of the Solar System. The specific objective is to determine the isotope composition of selected elements in W87-70151 152-13-40 planetary materials. Isotopically distinct material, which cannot be Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. understood as the product of known fractionation processes, may PLANETARY MATERIALS CHEMISTRY indicate the presence of pre-solar material. Light elements are I. D. Browne 713-483-6241 studied to learn more about fractionation processes. A secondary The general objective is to obtain information about the nature, objective is to develop and ion microprobe which will provide easier origin and evolution of the Solar System. The specific objective is analysis and increased spatial resolution and sensitivity for isotopic measure the concentration of selected chemical elements (major, composition measurements. Samples of moon rocks and meteor- minor, and trace) in rock samples of interest. Data obtained ites will be analyzed using mass spectrometric techniques to learn supplement, and are often combined with, petrologic studies to isotopic compositions, mainly of noble gass, hydrogen, carbon, yield bounds on thermodynamic parameters at the time of rock oxygen and nitrogen. Theoretical calculations will be made to relate origin. Rock samples from the Moon, meteorites (asteroids, the expected products of nucleosynthesis to observations of comets), cosmic dust (comets, asteroids, Mars) and the Earth will anomalous material in meteorites. A commercially purchased ion be analyzed using a variety of sophisticated techniques, including microprobe is being upgraded in the laboratory of G. J. Wasserburg, neutron activation analysis (NAA), X-ray fluorescence, atomic CIT.

24 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

W87-70155 152-17-40 W87-70158 152-30-40 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. PLANETARY MATERIALS: SURFACE AND EXPOSURE STUD- GENERAL OPERATIONS AND LABORATORY FACILITIES - IES PLANETARY MATERIALS I. D. Browne 713-483-3274 M. B. Duke 713-483-4464 The general objective is to obtain information about the nature, General operations support a variety of institutional and origin and evolution of the Solar System. The specific objective is scientific support tasks at Johnson Space Center (JSC) that are to learn about the interaction between the space environment, considered essential for the conduct of research and for implemen- which consists of meteorites, galactic cosmic rays, and solar tation of the Planetary Materials and Geochemistry Program particle and electromagnetic radiations. Samples of the lunar (PMGP). Center support services such as printing, computer, regolith offer the opportunity of find variations in the intensity of photographic, and graphics are provided to the Lunar and Planetary the environmental factors over geologic time. A variety of Institute through a procedural agreement. Inhouse support provides approaches will be used. The radioactivity of cosmic-ray produced for co-sponsorship of conferences, laboratory costs required by nuclides will be analyzed as a function of sample depth. Surfaces visiting scientists using existing facilities, and for cost required to will be studied using electron microscopes. Etchable heavy element operate common laboratory facilities and to provide for support ionization damage tracks will be revealed and studied. Solar wind services from other Center elements. This plan also provides noble gases will be analyzed mass spectrometrically. Multi- inhouse laboratory maintenance and Center Operations support disciplinary studies will be done using selected samples. for the visiting scientist program of NASA (National Research Council, Lunar and Planetary Institute, NASA Graduate Intern, etc.) A significant addition to this RTOP is a plan for the systematic modernization of laboratory equipment and instruments. The overall plan includes funding from other benefitting NASA and other agency W87-70156 152- 19-40 programs. The PMGP is asked to support about 20% of the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. modernization. EARLY CRUSTAL GENESIS W. C. Phinney 713-483-3816 Meaningful models are to be developed for the evolution of the solar system, then physical and chemical constraints must be Planetary Atmospheres R&A developed for the processes involved in the evolution of the solid objects in the solar system. The specific objectives are: to identify the key physical and chemical processes and the initial conditions W87-70159 154-10-80 for crustal evolution, to understand the evolution of planetary crusts Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. in relationship to the overall history of individual planetary bodies, PLANETARY ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSIT1 ON, STRUCTURE, and to understand the reasons for the differences in evolution AND HISTORY J. B. Pollack 415-694-5530 among the various planetary crusts. The strategy is to adopt an interdisciplinary and crossplanetary approach to the questions of Theoretical modeling and spacecraft data interpretation are crustal genesis. The program is a multidisciplinary effort carried used to determine the properties and physical processes character- out by individual scientists and teams from universities, industries, istic of planetary atmospheres. These properties include their and government agencies. Major effects will be devoted to: studying temperature structure, aerosols, cloud layers, gaseous constituents, samples that are related to the early formed crusts, searching for and opacity sources. Emphasis is placed on reducing and analyzing early terrestrial crustal units, studying materials from potential data returned from spacecraft missions, such as Pioneer Venus terrestrial analogs of early planetary crusts, and modeling crustal and Voyager or preparing for data expected from future spacecraft evolution. missions, such as Galileo. However, use is also made of relevant ground-based observations. In addition, the origin and evolution of planetary atmospheres and the outer planets are studied by constructing models that are constrained by relevant spacecraft and ground-based data. W87-70 157 152-20-40 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. W87-70160 154-20-80 PLANETARY MATERIALS COLLECTION, PRESERVATION, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. AND DISTRIBUTION DYNAMICS OF PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES D. P. Blanchard 71 3-483-3274 R. E. Young 415-694-5521 The objective provides for maintenance of the Lunar Sample The dynamics of the atmospheres of Venus and Mars are Collection under secure, controlled environment conditions; for the being studied using multi-dimensional circulation models. The description of samples as new materials are prepared for analysis: coupled momentum and energy equations are solved numerically for the maintenance records of the status and distribution of lunar using combinations of finite difference and spectral methods. The samples; for lunar samples to be given to approved investigators principal goals are to compare model results with spacecraft data and for display purposes; and for technical monitoring of NASA- and attempt to understand the dynamical effects of varying funded grants/contracts to Planetary Materials Investigators. Similar planetary rotation rate, solar energy deposition, infrared opacity, functions for the Antarctic meteorite collection, including initial atmospheric mass and composition. In addition to the modeling description, processing for distribution to investigators, and studies, participation in the French/USSR VEGA Mission balloon maintenance under controlled environment; dissemination of experimental studies of the Venus atmospheric structure and information on meteorite collection; and staff members participa- dynamics is continuing by Ames scientists working as part of the tion in field are also provided. The collection of cosmic dust samples US. Science Team for this Mission. This work includes review of using high altitude aircraft; the characterization of dust particles; experimental approach, calibration review and analysis, and distribution to scientific investigators; and dissemination of informa- analysis of the mission data. tion are provided. Development of curatorial techniques for, and educational use of, materials from the various collections are W87-70161 154-30-80 covered. The operation, is undertaken by support contractor Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. personnel, is directed by Civil Servant scientists and administrators. PLANETARY CLOUDS PARTICULATES AND ICES The program provides samples and information for about 0. B. Toon 415-694-5971 65 domestic and foreign lunar sample investigator groups, over The project goals are: (1) to determine the physical and 100 meteorite investigator groups, and six to ten cosmic dust chemical processes responsible for the cloud structures observed investigators. on Mars, Titan and Venus; (2) to better define the cloud structure

25 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS on Titan by reanalyzing Voyager data; (3) to provide comparisons phases of some molecular constituents may also contribute to between terrestrial and planetary clouds; (4) and to use computer the Voyager spectra. The highest possible spectral resolution is models to provide a self-consistent framework for determining cloud required when single features apparent in medium or high resolution properties from first principles of physics and chemistry. A Fourier transform (FTS) spectra are composed of more than one generalized planetary cloud computer code was developed which molecular transition, and the parameters (1) frequency, (2) strength, now allows approach to a large number of problems from a (3) lower-state energy, and (4) foreign-broadening must be known consistent framework. The model was used to simulate the haze for each as input in modeling the atmosphere. For FTS and infrared on Titan, and is being readied to investigate the polar hoods and heterodyne observations the need for ultra-high resolution labora- water ice fogs of Mars. tory data is especially critical, since the bandwidths accessible to these receivers are narrow and Doppler line profiles are completely W87-70162 154-40-00 iesolved in the observed spectra. A combination of tunable diode Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, New York. laser (TDL) and FTS laboratory spectra can supply a complete RADIATIVE TRANSFER IN PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES set of line and band parameters anywhere in the infrared. In this L. Travis 21 2-678-5599 program TDL and FTS spectrometers will be applied to selected This RTOP supports all planetary research at GISS other than vibration-rotation bands of planetary molecular species. Task specific tasks which are part of Goddard Institute for Space Studies include: improve Jupiter, Saturn, and Titan abundances using (GISS) spacecraft experiments: Orbiter Cloud Photopolarimeter available lab data; measure temperature-dependent H2 broadening (OCPP) on Pioneer Venus and Photopolarimeter/radiometer (PPR) of C2H6, measure temperature-dependent strengths in C2H6, on Galileo. The general objectives are to: (1) develop and apply C3H8, and C2H4; continue analysis of methylacetylene near 15 techniques for extracting information on planetary atmospheres microns; and complete analysis of 14-micron bands of C2H2. from remote sensing of scattered and emitted radiation, and (2) investigate the interactions and feedbacks between radiative, W87-70165 154-60-00 cloud and dynamical processes in planetary atmospheres. Applica- Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. tions to Venus and Jupiter in progress are expected to yield general GAS UV SPECTROMETER information on cloud structure and aerosol microphysics as well J. H. Waite, Jr. 501-544-7635 as the role of clouds on radiation budget and convective processes. This proposal is to support the reflight of an existing extreme Information on these interactions has relevance for other at- ultraviolet/far ultraviolet spectrometer in a Get Away Special mospheres including climate processes for the Earth. Principal (GAS) canister on the shuttle to observe the Jupiter, Saturn, and elements in the approach are: (1) analysis of available spectral Uranus planetary systems over the wavelength range 600 to and polarimetric data for Venus and Jupiter to obtain information 1900 A. The major task proposed here is the modification of the on atmospheric structure, and (2) radiative-convectiveand general optical system from an f/2 to an f/10 focal length optical system circulation modeling to investigate interactions between clouds, which will enable increased spatial resolution of the instrument. radiation, and dynamics. This increased resolution is necessary for resolving spatial features within the Jovian atmosphere and the extended lo torus. W87-70163 154-40-00 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. W87-70166 154-60-00 REMOTE SENSING OF ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURES Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. G. S. Orton 818-354-2460 AERONOMY THEORY AND ANALYSISKOMET MODELS The objective of this research is the development of accurate W. T. Huntress, Jr. 818-354-8275 numerical approaches for the interpretation of infrared remote (154-75-80) sensing data obtained under realistic conditions in the presence Theoretical chemical models will be constructed for the of anticipated measurement noise as well as in the presence of chemical structure of cometary comae. The objective is to derive clouds and aerosols. Five important problems will be addressed: constraints on the initial composition by comparison with observa- (1) determination of atmospheric temperature profiles in the tion, and thus make deductions concerning the origin of comets. presence of clouds and aerosols when cloud cover is uniform or The primary data for comparison will be that from the Giotto mission when temperature and cloud variations are highly correlated, and spectroscopic images taken with CCD instruments from (2) determination of both macro- and microphysical cloud proper- ground-based observations. ties, (3) determination of temperature in the presence of strong positive temperature gradients, (4) determination of gaseous W87-70167 154-60-00 abundance profiles in the presence of clouds, (5) assembly of Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. requisite molecular spectroscopic data for the application of these MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MODEL STUDIES OF THE MARS techniques in the outer solar system. The approach will use IONOSPHERE standard relaxation techniques, coupled with accurate and efficient R. C. Whitten 415-694-5498 radiative transfer algorithms, together with a simultaneous theoreti- The objective of this research is to arrive at realistic predic- cal approach to these problems. Testing of these techniques will tions of ion densities, flow velocities and temperatures over the be done using numerical simulations of data, comparing the day and night sides of the Mars ionosphere in order to establish conditions of the generating model with those retrieved by the ranges and properties for use in a future Mars Aeronomy Mission. technique. The model test environments of significance in the Simple calculations have shown that the Coriolis force can be near term will be the outer planets and Mars, in support of Voyager neglected to first order; hence two-dimensional (2-D) models and Galileo data analysis and future mission experiment planning. (mainly spectral) of ion density, flow velocity, and temperatures are justified and are being constructed. Although some preliminary W87-70164 154-50-80 results have been obtained, it is expected that most of the useful Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. 2-D calculations will be performed in FY-87. Extension of the ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF PLANETARY models to include the Coriolis force will be started in FY-87 and ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS the computation of ion density, velocity and temperature carried Donald E. Jennings 301-344-7701 out in FY-88. The principal goal of this laboratory spectroscopy program is to develop an organized body of knowledge of the molecular W07-70168 154-90-80 properties of planetary atmospheric constituents. In the case of Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. lower-resolution planetary observations, such as Voyager Infrared PLANETARY LIGHTNING AND ANALYSIS OF VOYAGER OB- Interferometer Spectrometer (IRIS) (4), identifications and abund- SERVATIONS ance determinations require laboratory spectra of similar resolution W. J. Borucki 415-694-6492 which can be directly compared with the observations. Condensed The general objectives of this research are to determine the

26 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS role of atmospheric electrical processes in the evolution of The objectives are to develop and implement an operational planetary atmospheres and to delineate the electrical and meteorol- Planetary Data System (PDS), to restore planetary science data ogical processes that give rise to the extreme electric fields required sets for inclusion in the PDS, to develop the required ancillary for lightning. The general approach is to use comparative planetol- navigation data support capabilities needed for effective utilization ogy; Le., to compare the spacecraft observations with terrestrial of the planetary science data sets, and to provide coordination observations and theory in order to understand the processes among all producers of planetary science data at JPL. JPL will occurring on other planets and to check the applicability of the develop the operational PDS in conjunction with the integrated theories that have been developed to explain terrestrial lightning science testbed systems that have been started and continue to and atmospheric electricity. Efforts will be directed toward be funded by the Information System Office of Code E. The determining the location of the lightning activity on Venus and technologies identified and evaluated under this allied task are Jupiter atid toward determining the roles of condensible vapors being incorporated into the operational PDS. All the system and air-mass convergence. The electrical charging of aerosols engineering and system implementation activities of both the and droplets will also be considered. science testbeds and the operational PDS will be conducted under this RTOP in order to have effectively coordinated development. W87-70169 154-90-80 The mission interface between the PDS and the planetary missions Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. will be defined and implemented. The process of selecting discipline PLANETARY MAGNETOSPHERIC COUPLING and data nodes for the operational PDS will be developed and J. H. Waite, Jr. 205-544-7635 the members of the planetary science community will be given The objective of this RTOP is an adequate understanding of the opportunity to propose to become discipline and data nodes. thermospheric and ionospheric processes in the Jovian, Saturnian, Standards and data storage strategies will be developed for use and Uranian planetary systems. This research involves modeling in performing data restoration activities. The functional capabilities of aeronomical processes in the upper atmospheres of Jupiter, necessary to provide ancillary (Le., navigation) information and Saturn, and Uranus and the comparison of these results with the data to support the planetary data will be developed so as to existing data from the Voyager program and ultraviolet spectrometer interface directly with the operational PDS. A data system observations scheduled to be made using the International coordinator will continue to serve as an interface between the Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) telescope in 1986. The proposed planetary science community and the planetary data system modeling tasks include: (1) the modeling of energetic O(+q) and developments at JPL. S( +q) ion auroral precipitation processes including energy dissipation, ionization, and emission production rates, and the W87-70172 155-20-80 first-order aeronomical consequences of ion auroral precipitation; Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. (2) development of a follow-up time-dependent model of the Jovian MARS EXOBIOLOGY RESEARCH CONSORTIUM upper atmosphere studying the chemical effects of oxygen G. C. Carle 415-694-5765 precipitation once it is slowed and thermalized in the upper (199-52-52) atmosphere; (3) modification of the Jovian time-dependent upper The objective is to develop a better understanding of the atmosphere model to study the effect of H20 precipitation from Martian surface geochemistry and its overall relationship to the rings of Saturn on the structure and composition of the volatile distributions, sources, sinks, and cycles from the exobiolo- ionosphere and upper atmosphere of Saturn; (4) interpretation of gist’s perspective. An inventory of candidate mineral phases as the VoyagerNranus UVS and Radio Science results; and (5) study models or analogs of Martian surface composition will be devel- of the electroglow problem in the upper atmospheres of Jupiter, oped. A data base of laboratory reflectance spectra with which to Saturn, and Uranus. assess Mars Observer Mission (MOM) surface reflectance spectra will be established and the effect of Martian environmental parameters on spectral features of mineral models will be Mars Data Analysis determined.

W87-70170 155-04-80 Halleys Comet Watch/Experiments Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. PHYSICAL AND DYNAMICAL MODELS OF THE CLIMATE ON MARS wa7-70173 156-02-02 R. Haberle 415-694-6343 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. The climate of Mars is characterized by the seasonal cycles INTERNATIONAL HALLEY WATCH of dust, Gater and carbon dioxide. While the Mariner 9 and Viking R. L. Newburn, Jr. 818-354-2319 spacecraft missions have provided a good first order definition of The International Halley Watch (IHW) has been designed to the amplitude and phase of these cycles, the processes controlling maximize the scientific value of ground-based observations of them remain uncertain. The objective of this work is to further our Halley’s Comet. Important in their own right, such observations understanding of the processes controlling these cycles. The have also enhanced the value of space observations, setting the approach is to numerically simulate various aspects of these cycles brief duration flyby data in the context of the overall apparition, using one and two-dimensional climate models. The one- placing the extremely high resolution encounter data into the normal dimensional model is a time-marching radiative-convective model scale of observations, and filling in missing data. The IHW has that includes the solar and infrared radiative effects of dust as standardized observing techniques wherever useful and possible, well as carbon dioxide. It is used to isolate the effects of dust on coordinated the observing, and is now collecting data for publication temperature structure and the condensation of carbon dioxide in in a comprehensive Halley Archive. The IHW has been designed the atmosphere and ground. The two-dimensional model is a zonally to avoid the problems of 1910 where the two major monographs symmetric primitive-equation model with a tracer transport cap- on Halley were not published until 21 and 24 years later and ability. It is used to study the role of atmospheric transport on the where much data remains unpublished to this day. The Giacobini- water cycle, and the radiative-dynamical feedback effects of dust Zinner Watch (GZW) provided support to the International Cometary on the general circulation. Explorer (ICE) mission and complements the IHW by using the same ground-based techniques at the same time to study another W87-70171 15520-70 very different comet or comparison. Individual nets of observers Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. worldwide have been organized for each observing technique by PLANETARY DATA SYSTEM AND COORDINATION eight Discipline Specialist teams. Overall IHM coordination internally J. T. Renfrow 818-354-6347 and with flight projects is the responsibility of a Lead Center (656-80-01) Organization (LCO) established in Pasadena, Ca. USA and

27 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

Bamberg, FRG, as is responsibility for IHW publications. Advice and charge-exchange with the neutrals will be investigated. The and oversight protection are supplied by a 29 member steering temporaVspatial structure of the ions should provide evidence group. Each flight project interfaces formally with the IHW through concerning the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, MDH wave instabili- a project appointed project representative. Amateur contributions ties, flux ropes, rays, etc., if present. Software for data reduction, are being coordinated by the LCO, working through recorders analysis, and modelling will be developed for these purposes, and (amateur comet specialists) and existing amateur organizations. limited calibration runs on the flight spare unit are planned. The Giacobini-Zinner Watch has utilized the full, existing IHW apparatus, manpower, communications, etc. Additional funds have W87-70176 156-03-04 been used only to process actual G-Z data. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. GIOTTO PIA CO-INVESTIGATOR SUPPORT W87-70174 156-02-02 Z. Sekanina 81 8-354-7589 Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. The flight data from the Giotto Particulate Impact Analyzer THE LARGE-SCALE PHENOMENA PROGRAM OF THE IN- (PIA) experiment provide an extensive data base for studying the TERNATIONAL HALLEY WATCH (IHW) chemistry, mineralogy, and other properties of microscopic dust John C. Brandt 301-344-5821 particles emitted from Comet Halley. Work of the four U.S. The major objectives of this program are: (1) to construct a co-investigators under this RTOP task (Brownlee, Clark, Sekanina, worldwide network of observatories with wide-field imaging Utterback) will address the following objectives: (1)study of effects capability for participation in the Large-Scale Phenomena portion of particle-collisional ionization and dissociation (including multiple of the International Halley Watch (IHW); (2)to scientifically analyze ionization), surface desorption-type reactions, and recombination the imagery obtained from the net using sophisticated state-of-the- processes on the mass spectra, identification of atomic/molecular art computer image processing techniques; (3) to standardize and equivalents to the individual peaks in the spectra, and determination archive the image data for eventual submission to the permanent of the ionization efficiencies of the various species to derive their Halley Archive at JPL; and (4) to provide support to the deep relative abundances; (2) elemental analysis and interpretation of space comet Halley missions flown by international space agencies. the results in terms of the chemical, isotopic, and mineralogical The International Halley Watch (IHW) is an organization whose composition of the dust particles, determination of particle masses, steering group is composed of members from many countries and and estimation of particle bulk densities; (3) classification of whose purpose and function (the advocacy of worldwide observa- particles by their composition and relative abundances into major tions of Halley and the collection and analysis of any data such groups and subgroups, and comparison with potentially relevant obtained) was officially endorsed by the International Astronomical compositional analogs of extraterrestrial origin such as in- Union (IAU). The present Investigators (J. C. Brandt and M. B. terplanetary particles, interstellar grains, and meteorites; (4) study Niedner) were selected as Discipline Specialists for the Large-Scale of particle structure, optical and dynamical properties, and possible Phenomena program of the IHW. This program will be administered fragmentation, relationships between structure and composition, via the construction of a worldwide network for the observation of comparison between the PIA results and those from the Dust large-scale phenomena such as rapidly-variableplasma-tail features Impact Detection System (DIDSY) experiment and from ground- and similarly wide-field dust-tail structures. The modus operandi based observations in terms of the particle-mass distribution and requires the forwarding by participating observatories of their best dust-flux profile along the spacecraft’s trajectory, and possible photographic plates (or film copies) to the Science Team for compositional variations over the nucleus surface; and (5) overall analysis. Individual observatories retain full proprietary rights to characterization of the properties of Halley’s dust-particle popula- the analysis of their own data whereas the Discipline Specialists tion and conclusions on the origin and evolution of Halley and and their Team reserve the right to analyze the worldwide data comets in general, based on the experiment’s results. as a whole. Following analysis, plates will be returned to the observatories which forwarded them and film copies will be W87-70177 156-03-05 permanently stored in the IHW Halley Archive. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. GIOTTO, MAGNETIC FIELD EXPERIMENTS W87-70175 156-03-03 Mario H. Acuna 301-344-7258 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. We have participated in the magnetometer experiment for the GIOTTO - ION MASS SPECTROMETER, CO-INVESTIGATOR GIOTO mission to Comet Halley. The experiment has provided SUPPORT rapid (up to 30 vectors/sec), precise (0.1%), accurate and very M. Neugebauer 81 8-354-2005 sensitive + or - 0.004 nT) vector measurements over a wide During the encounter of the GIOTTO spacecraft with Halley’s dynamic range (7 ranges from + or - 16 nT to + or - 65538 nT, comet, the High Energy Range Spectrometer (HERS) (NASA with the uppermost ranges for easy check-out during S/C sponsored) sensor of the Ion Mass Spectrometer (IMS), (Balsiger integration) of the magnetic fields observed during the GIOTTO et al., 1986ab)obtained unique information concerning the chemical encounter of Comet Halley in March 1986. Near closest approach composition of cometary gases and the plasma interactions of we are most interested in the signature in the magnetic field of comets with the solar wind. HERS found anomalously large dynamical processes originating near the cometary nucleus. amounts of C(+) ions, and the data suggested that N(+) is low Another major objective is the study of the interaction between in abundance. The dynamical interaction of the cometary ions Comet Halley and the solar wind at 0.897 AU. This includes the with the solar wind and cometary neutrals resulted in such features identification of boundary surfaces such as the cometary bow shock as a heavy ion mantle, a dropout region closer to the comet, a and the transition region between a cometary magnetosheath and bow shock with complex internal structure, a contact surface the cometary atmosphere closer to the comet. In addition, we separating solar wind and cometary plasmas, and nonequilibrium shall investigate the role of the magnetic fields in the coma and plasma distribution functions. Experimental results will be used to magnetosheath, dynamical phenomena in the plasma interaction further understanding of the origin of comets, the chemical caused by temporal variations of the cometary gas and plasma processes that determine the composition of the cometary plasma, source during the fly-by and wave phenomena generated by and the plasma dynamical, MHD, and neutral interaction processes instabilities in the various magnetoplasma regions and regimes. that determine the velocities and distributions of the ions. Quantitative analysis of the mass spectra, use of the measured W87-70178 156-03-07 flow field as input to chemical models, and comparison of Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Pasadena, Calif. observations with chemical models are planned. Bow shock data GIOTTO DIDSY CO-INVESTIGATOR SUPPORT will be correlated with results of other experiments, theoretical Z. Sekanina 818-354-7589 modelling will determine expected pick-up distributions, and The flight data from the Giotto Dust Impact Detection System comparison of these models to observations will characterize (DIDSY) experiment provide an extensive data base for studying pitch-angle scattering and thermalization. Interactions by collision the distribution of dust in the atmosphere of Comet Halley. Work

28 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS of the two US. co-investigators under this RTOP task (Hanner, concepts required by the Sample Processing System (SPS), which Sekanina) will deal with the following problems: (1) spatial density provides for chemical processing of samples prior to transfer to a of dust as a function of the position on the spacecraft trajectory mass spectrometer for thermal ion analysis. Models of several in the full range of particle masses and the total production of critical components have been developed and some commercially dust by the comet at the time of encounter; (2) particle-mass available components have been tested while verifying key distribution function, the probable upper and lower limits on particle concepts of the SPS. Designs for a Sample Collection System masses, and the particle bulk density as a function of mass (SCS) for collecting cometary dust and for interfacing the SPS (allowing conversion from the mass distribution to the size and SCS to a mass spectrometer are in a preliminary stage. A distribution function); (3) synergistic studies aimed at a global method for direct collection of cometary dust followed by analysis understanding of the flight data and their comparison with without chemical processing, a recently developed feature of the information from other experiments and with ground-based optical instrument concept, is included in the concept for the mass observations, including the determination of the source function spectrometer interface. Packaging of the instrument has been of dust on the nucleus surface; (4) relationship between the mass, considered as part of the CRAF proposal and volume, mass, power, spatial and temporal variations derived from the DlDSY data and and data rates are within reasonable limits. Additional development from infrared remote sensing data; and (5) overall interpretation plus refurbishment of extensively used existing hardware is required of the dust-release processes and their effects on the evolution before an end-to-end breadboard model of the system could be of Comet Halley. assembled.

W87-70182 15793-50 Planetary Instrument Definition Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. X-GAMMA NEUTRON GAMMA/INSTRUMENT DEFINITION J. I. Trombka 301-344-5941 W87-70179 157-01-70 The objective of this investigation is to develop remote-sensing Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. and in-situ measurement systems for geochemical and geophysical ADVANCEDCCDCAMERA DEVELOPMENT exploration of the planets, asteroids and comets. These studies S. A. Collins 818-354-7393 will be consistent with planetary program recommended by the The objective of this task is to complete the development of Solar System Exploration Committee (SSEC). The remote-sensing a large-format charge coupled devices CCD (1024 squared) and X-ray spectrometer study will consider proportional counters, to procure and archive a quantity of these devices for use in solid-state detectors, and imaging systems. Elemental composition imaging systems which will be flown on future planetary space- for elements with atomic numbers greater than Z=6 (carbon) using craft. This task is a continuation and completion of work which is solar X-ray fluorescent spectral measurements are being consid- currently underway. A suitable 1024-squared CCD has been ered. Both theoretical and experimental studies will be used in developed and demonstrated. During FY-87 and the balance of the investigative program. Both gamma-ray and X-ray detector FY-86, additional units will be fabricated and archived for use in systems are significantly affected by the space radiation environ- future planetary spacecraft imaging instruments. This program is ment. Both induced backgrounds and radiation damage in gamma- expected to yield several dozen flight-quality CCDs and to provide ray detectors (Le,, Nal(TI), Csl(Na), Ge(Li) and Ge(High Purity)) for future availability of such devices at reasonable, reliable costs. have been studied and methods for predicting the magnitude of these effects of the space radiation environment on X-ray detectors. W87-70180 157-03-08 Balloon flights of remote sensing gamma-ray and X-ray spectrome- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. ter systems will be conducted in order to ascertain their sensitivities MARINER MARK II IMAGING and the magnitude of the space environment induced activity. Our T. Fraschetti 818-354-2931 group has established the feasibility of obtaining sub-surface The objective of this program is to continue the development elemental composition of a comet nucleus using a passive of the Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) facility instrument for gamma-ray spectrometer system on a penetrometer probe. Designs use on Mariner Mark I1 missions, the first mission being Cometary of detector systems for such missions will be carried out using Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby (CRAF). Major objectives include the both theoretical and experimental methods. following: (1) complete procurement of the narrow angle optics engineering model initiated in FY-86; (2) complete thermal and W87-70183 157-04-00 structural analysis on the narrow angle opto-mechanical design; Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. (3) perform environmental evaluation of the wide angle optics PLANETARY INSTRUMENT DEFINITION AND DEVELOPMENT breadboard model which was designed and fabricated in FY-86; PROGRAM - TITAN ATMOSPHERIC ANALYSIS (4) generate specification documents and initiate opto-mechanical G. C. Carle 415-694-5765 design of the wide angle optics engineering model; and (5) provide (199-52-52) support to the ISS team. The objective is to develop flight instrument capability and hardware prototypes for the comprehensive analysis of the gases W87-7018 1 15793-40 and aerosols in the atmosphere of Titan from an entry probe. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. This work will develop critical elements of a flight gas chromato- DEFINITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A THERMAL IONIZATION graph (GC) system to collect, thermally process, and analyze MASS SPECTROMETRY (TIMS) INSTRUMENT FOR REMOTE aerosols and to collect and analyze gases (with special emphasis PLANETARY ANALYSES on high altitude samples) along the entry path of the Titan-Cassini L. E. Nyquist 713-483-5579 probe. The analytical concepts and prototype instruments will be Continued development of a spacecraft instrument to perform validated using a Titan wind tunnel which will drive model Titan remote analyses of planetary silicates by thermal ionization mass organic aerosols and atmospheric gases over prototype sample spectrometry (TIMS), a versatile research tool of the geological collectors simulating the transit of an entry probe through the sciences, is proposed. The instrument concept is most fully atmosphere. described in a proposal submitted in response to the A. 0. for the Cometary Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby (CRAF) Mission, but the W07-70184 157-04-00 instrument could be adapted to missions to chemically differentiated Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. objects (planets, Earth’s Moon, some other satellites, differentiated STUDY AND DEVELOPMENT OF A COMET NUCLEUS PEN- asteroids) as well as undifferentiated objects (comets, primitive ETRATOR - OVERGUIDELINE asteroids). The mass spectrometer would be of the design used Byron L. Swenson 41 5-694-5705 successfully on Atmosphere Explorers-C, -D, and -E by Prof. A. The objective of this program is to define and develop the 0. Nier of the University of Minnesota. Prior work has proven Comet Nucleus Penetrator (CNP) as a viable experiment for the

29 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

proposed Comet Rendezvous and Flyby (CRAF) mission). The W87-70188 159-38-03 CNP is a device to emplace a gamma-ray spectrometer, an alpha Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. particle instrument, and temperature instrumentation beneath the ADVANCED MISSION STUDY SOLAR X-RAY PINHOLE OCCUL- surface of the comet nucleus to determine the elemental and TER FACILITY (POF) isotopic composition and the thermal state and properties of the Joseph R. Dabbs 205-544-0623 unaltered nucleus material. Accelerometers will also be used to Hard X-ray imaging of the Sun in the range 10 - 100 kev is determine the bearing strength and layering of the material near very important in understanding energetic processes such as solar the surface. Work under this continuing development effort will flares of the active Sun. There have been very important results include in-house and contracted activities to understand various in recent years in imaging hard X-rays. The Pinhole Occulter Facility design issues and the continuation of critical impact testing to (POF) is a novel instrumentation concept which uses a 32 meter develop the instruments and the penetrator configuration. deployable boom to position a mask which provides occultation for coronal telescopes. It also provides coded array and Fourier- Transform apertures for hard X-ray imaging. The purpose of the W87-70185 157-04-80 facility is to image the solar disk in the X-ray spectrum at higher Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. energies than previously possible and to study the solar corona DIODE LASER IR ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER with greater sensitivity to lower limb heights and with greater angular C. R. Webster 818-354-7478 resolution. It also has the capability of imaging celestial sources The objective of this task is the definition and development of in hard X-rays. The POF is intended for one Spacelab flight and a tunable diode laser infrared absorption spectrometer (TDLS) for to be transitioned to the space station as an important building in-situ atmospheric composition measurements under NASA's block in the Advanced Solar Observatory (ASO). program of planetary exploration. Particular emphasis will be given to the development of a probe instrument for the in-situ sensing W87-70189 159-41-01 of Titan's atmosphere on the Saturn OrbiterITitan Probe (SOTP) Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Pasadena, Calif. NASA-ESA joint mission. The TDLS spectrometer uses several A STUDY OF THE LARGE DEPLOYABLE REFLECTOR (LDR) narrow bandwidth (< or = 0.0002/cm) tunable diode lasers FOR ASTRONOMY APPLICATIONS operating near 80 degrees Kelvin at selected, mid-infrared P. N. Swanson 818-354-3273 wavelengths (3 to 30 microns). For the absorption measurements, (196-41-73) these sources are directed over a 1-m open pathlength defined The overall objectives of this RTOP are to provide science by a small retroreflector located 0.5 m away. Because of the high definition and leadership for Large Deployable Reflector (LDR), sensitivity of diode laser derivative detection methods, volume continue pre-phase A system definition through modeling and mixing ratios of < or = lo(-8) should be measurable for most analysis, and help define, guide and contribute to specific species of interest: vertical profiles of the concentrations of technology development tasks. The JPL LDR scientist is a member molecules such as CH4, CO, C02, HCN, C2H2, C2N2, C3H4, of the Science Coordinating Group (SCG) and JPL will fund the C3H8, C3HN, C4H2 can therefore be determined, with a vertical activities of this group. The SCG will oversee the LDR Science resolution of a few km from probe entry to the surface. In addition, activities. Non US. participation in LDR will be investigated. The determination of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and scattering LDR technical manager will provide technical coordination between (nephelometry) is possible using the same instrument. the various technical development efforts both internal and external to JPL. This will also include the interfaces with the Ames W87-70186 157-05-50 Research Center, LaRC. MSFC and OAST which are vital to the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. continuing success of LDR. This will be accomplished, in part, by PLANETARY INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM/ holding periodic LDR program reviews, including NASA, universities PLANETARY ASTRONOMY and industry participation. Specific system design issues that were M. J. Mumma 301-286-6994 identified at the Asilomar Workshop will be studied. These include, This RTOP supports the development of components for but are not limited to, background limiting radiation analysis, two advanced generation infrared spectrometers for planetary observa- stage optics design and analysis, thermal control of the LDR optics tions. Task-02 addresses the development of compact, power and the effect of orbits and observational time lines. Inputs to, efficient infrared heterodyne spectrometer components suitable for and interfaces with the OAST funded JPL and Langley Systems eventual space flight use. Particular emphasis is placed on Model will be made in the areas of optics, controls, structures, developing RF-excited waveguide C02 lasers, and miniaturized thermal behavior and system operation. In the technical develop- integrated spectral line receivers. ment areas of lightweight reflector panels, pointing, controls, structures and future brassboards, we will provide concepts, designs, analysis and modeling for both JPL and other NASA center activities. Solar Terrestrial and Astrophysics ATD W87-70190 159-41-0 1 Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. STUDY OF LARGE DEPLOYABLE REFLECTOR FOR INFRARED W87-70187 159-38-01 AND SUBMILLIMETER ASTRONOMY Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. D. J. Hollenbach 415-694-4164 SOLAR DYNAMICS OBSERVATORY/SOLAR OSCILLATIONS (506-62-21) IMAGER The Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) will be a 20m diameter E. J. Smith 818-354-2248 reflecting submillimeter/far-infrared telescope, constructed or This RTOP provides for the systems analysis and engineering deployed in space (possibly as the space station), and placed in tests required in the predesign phase of a Solar Oscillations Imaging a free-flying Earth orbit to perform as an observatory for at least Experiment (Sol). Evaluation of the Magnetooptical Filter (MOF) 10 years. It is currently in the early planning stage, and it is as a suitable flight analyzer will require the development and test hoped to be operational roughly in the year 2000. Work under of an engineering analyzer and a math model of its performance. this RTOP is a continuation of activities to refine the scientific Also included in this RTOP are tasks necessary to support a rationale and the related set of science requirements and to provide facility class instrument, provide science support to the Helioseis- scientific input in defining and developing technical concepts and mology Steering Committee (HSC) and Solar and Heliospheric requirements. Often this work arises from problems emerging in Observatory (SOHO) mission and documentation in support of a the discussions of the LDR Science Coordination Group, of LDR joint NASA/ESA announcement of opportunity scheduled to be workshops, with industrial contractors, or with the LDR lead released in the first quarter of 1987. center, JPL. These problems include, for example, studies of LDR

30 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS as a light bucket and the use of LDR toward specific scientific vectors. An architectural design for the on-board processor will goals such as planet detection. Currently, work focuses on thermal be developed. The key deliverable for this activity is a proposal background subtraction by LDR: the technological requirements for the development of a breadboard model in FY-88. For the such as nodding and chopping rate and temperature uniformity NUSCAT development, we will procure the hardware components imposed by the need to achieve the desired sensitivity. for the transmit/receive and the digital subsystems. These two subsystems will be fully fabricated and integrated. We will begin W87-70191 159-41-06 the software development on the digital subsystem so that the Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. total radar system will be integrated and tested in the laboratory DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE INFRARED TELESCOPE FACILITY in FY-88. (SIRTF) J. P. Murphy 415-694-6643 W87-70194 16 1-20-07 The objectives of this RTOP are to define and develop the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), to define and develop CURRENTS/TIDES FROM ALTIMETRY scientific instruments for the SlRTF focal plane, and to develop M. E. Parke 818-354-2739 operational procedures for SlRTF as a free flyer observatory. SIRTF The proposed work is intended to study a number of tidal is an observatory that will accept multiple focal plane instruments problems that will have an impact on the analysis and use of for use by infrared astronomers. The conceptual studies have Topography Experiment (TOPEX) data. The current work on the identified the key technologies for SIRTF and for the science Patagonian shelf with Seasat data will be extended to three of instruments, and technology development is being conducted. The the other five top dissipative shelf regions. The new orbits that approach for this RTOP is to: (1) continue development of the are currently being released for Seasat are being used for a study technology needed for the design and development of SIRTF; of the deep water M2 tide. Late in the proposal, this study of the and (2) to coordinate the results of the previous studies and the deep water tide will be continued with Geosat data. The North technology development and to increase the depth of the design Atlantic will be developed as a test region for experimenting with definition and systems analysis by performing Phase B studies of improved modelling techniques. the telescope facility and the selected instruments. W87-70195 161-30-02 W87-70192 159-46-01 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY ADVANCED X-RAY ASTROPHYSICS FACILITY (AXAF) M. R. Abbott 818-354-4658 D. C. Cramblit 205-544-0569 Temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton biomass and The Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) is a free- productivity is in large part a result of fluctuations in physical flying observatory featuring a high performance X-ray telescope processes. Long time series of satellite imagery covering a large for use over a 15-year lifetime through servicing from space station area will be necessary if we are to understand the interactions of or STS revisits. AXAF is now completing the definition phase, these biological and physical processes. To accomplish these aimed at long lead item development start efforts in FY-88 and a objectives, we are engaged in four activities. First, we are launch in the 1995 time period. Due in part to advances in metrology developing complete time series of sea surface temperature (as and fabrication technology in X-ray optics, AXAF is expected to derived from AVHRR data) and near-surface pigment (as derived be 50 to 100 times as sensitive its predecessor, HEAO-2. An from the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) imagery) from the ongoing technology mirror assembly program has already demon- California Current domain (20 deg N to 60 deg N) that eventually strated the achievability of nearly all the AXAF optic goals. This will span the lifetime of the CZCS. The requirements for these RTOP activity will continue to place emphasis on the early time series were established by the West Coast Satellite Time development and demonstration of all science instrument and Series Advisory Group. The data will be freely available through optics technologies critical to achieving AXAF science objectives the NASA Ocean Data System. Second, we are analyzing these and assuring a sound basis for program new start readiness in data, focusing on the climatology of the large filaments that FY-89 or FY-90. apparently move large amounts of coastal water far offshore and on the cor,iparison of satellite data with ship surveys from CalCOFI. This aspect is jointly funded with ONR. Third, I am analyzing Oceanic Processes portions of these time series from the Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment area and from the shelf area off Vancouver Island (in collaboration with K.L. Denman). This effort is concentrating on W87-70193 161-10-08 estimating temporal and spatial decorrelation scale. Fourth, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. graduate student at SI0 (C. Paden) is analyzing ship and satellite ADVANCED SCA’ITEROMETRY imagery to study the effects of topography and tidal forcing on a F. Li 818-354-2849 front in the Gulf of California. Data have been distributed to (161 -80-39) investigators in Canada, at Scripps, OSU, APL, U.C. Santa Cruz, The objective of this task is to develop advanced technique U.C. Santa Barbara, and Univ. of Washington. and technology that will improve the performance of future spaceborne scatterometer and to develop a new, airborne research W87-70196 161-30-03 scatterometer facility that can be used for geophysical research Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. and as a test bed for new technology development. The specific IR REMOTE SENSING OF SST FY-87 objectives are: examine the feasibility of pulse compres- D. E. Hagan 818-354-7073 sion technique in a scanning pencil-beam scatterometer, develop (1 46-72-03) a conceptual design for an on-board wind vector processor for The objective of this research is to understand and describe, spaceborne scatterometers and continue the development of the from infrared measurements in the 8 to 13 micron range, the new airborne scatterometer, NUSCAT, leading to full system propagation of radiation in the atmospheric boundary layer, in order integration and test in FY-88. We will examine the scanning to assess the limiting value of water vapor content for which geometry involved in a pencil-beam spaceborne scatterometer that realistic sea surface radiances can be extracted from spaceborne can optimize the number of azimuth observation angles. The use measurements. The approach is to use a new high precision IR of pulse compression techniques to improve radar measurement radiometer with a measurement strategy that is designed to address accuracy will be evaluated. Equations relating signal-to-noise ratio the above problem during a series of experimental aircraft flights. to Kp will be derived for this type of scatterometer. We will also Vertical path attenuation measurements will be made from a balloon summarize our functional requirements for an on-board processor airship for dry and wet atmospheric conditions to explore the that can process the raw scatterometer data into unique wind dependence of the continuum extinction and boundary flux

31 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

exchange on the partial pressure of water vapor, the total pressure wa7-70200 161-40-10 and temperature. This research will be coinvestigated by Dr. C. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. B. Farmer, Atmospheric and Oceanographic Science Section, 322. NASA OCEAN DATA SYSTEM (NODS) J. C. Klose 818-354-5036 (656-13-40) The objective of the NASA Ocean Data System (NODS) is to wa7-7o197 161-30-05 archive and distribute data sets from spaceborne ocean viewing Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. sensors and, to a limited extent, data sets from in-situ measurement FLUORESCENCE OF MARINE PLANKTON systems. NODS will provide a catalog of data sets relevant to D. J. Collins 818-354-3473 ocean science that can be interrogated interactively. Interactive The research outlined in this proposal includes spectral studies access will be provided to a bibliography system which provides of the fluorescence, absorption and scattering of marine phyto- abstracts of documents relevant to data sets referenced in the plankton which are required to interpret remotely sensed data catalog or held by the archive. NODS will archive data at various obtained from the phytoplankton community in the ocean. These processing levels, ranging from level 0, 1, and 2 swath-oriented studies include investigations of color group and photoadaptation data to level 3 and 4 gridded data. NODS will produce and archive effects and the development of algorithms for the prediction of browse products which are designed to provide rapid response to primary production. Data has been collected in the laboratory using users wishing to browse through data interactively. Users will be laser-induced fluorescence to produce the detailed spectra able to select data by time, region, project, sensor, data level, required. These data have been supported by a complete set of and measurement. Selected data can be displayed at the user’s biological measurements on the cultures used, including the terminal, electronically transmitted to the user or written to magnetic chlorophyll concentration, the absorption and fluorescence- or optical media for shipment to the requester. The NASA Ocean excitation spectra. Statistical methods are being applied to the Data System is evolving from the Pilot Ocean Data System (PODS). spectra, and to the derivative spectra, to determine the relationships Science requirements, flight project requirements, and lessons between these spectra and the pigment distributions that are learned during the PODS pilot phase are being incorporated into I characteristics of the taxonomic groups to be studied. The results a new design, which when implemented, will result in an oper- of these investigations will be applied to the analysis of spectra ational system capable of dealing with the data management and obtained from oceanic environments characteristic of both open distribution requirements of oceanic flight projects of the 1990’s. ocean environments through the use of the ODEX data set, and NODS is being developed by extending the existing pilot system to coastal environments through the use of the OPUS data set, to meet NODS requirements. NODS will be implemented as a and others. network of distributed archives. The JPL node will act as the prototype for the other nodes in the NODS network. Newly created nodes will be provided with the JPL developed software, thus ensuring cost efficiency and as much uniformity as possible within wa7-7oiga 161-40-02 the network. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. IMAGING RADAR STUDIES OF SEA ICE wa7-70201 161-40-30 F. D. Carsey 818-354-8163 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Our plan is to learn more about ice kinetics and conditions EXAMINATION OF CHUKCHI AIR-SEA-ICE PROCESSES and ice backscatter behavior. We also plan to continue the J. P. Crawford 213-354-6471 development of automatic processing algorithms for ice kinetics The objectives of the proposed research are to: (1) increase and type. Data from the Shuttle Imaging Radar flight series and the understanding of the geophysical processes of the Chukchi from aircraft will be used for certain types of information, although Sea, (2) develop relationships between measured radiances from these flights may be designed for use in another program such the SSMl sensor and ice phenomena of the Arctic Ocean and its as the Alaska SAR Facility. The use of synthetic aperture radar adjacent seas, and (3) improve ice classification results by (SAR) to study waves at the ice margin will be pursued if the combining active and passive microwave data sets. Oceano- current work seems to indicate value. The overall objectives of graphic investigations have answered some important questions the program are to increase our knowledge of the geophysics of about Chukchi air-sea-ice processes, but many issues remain. ice-covered seas and to advance the technology of SAR in the These issues concern the effects of heat transported by bathymet- observations of sea ice processes. Our approach will include tasks rically channelled flow through the Chukchi, the processes to: learn more about the sub-mesoscale motion of ice and about influencing the ice edge, and the role of the shelf break during the geophysics of ice motion, continue to develop computer ice retreat. The proposed effort also deals with understanding the methods for the extraction of ice geophysical information from relationships between radiances from the SSMl sensor and sea SAR images, quantitatively evaluate the behavior of the air-sea-ice ice. This is necessary for data validation and fine tuning geophysical system at the ice margin as regards such processes as grease algorithms. Justification for examining combined active/passive ice formation, swell propagation, floe size and form, and eddy microwave data sets of ice rests with the assumption that present presence, and continue to enlarge the data base on the mi- algorithms have reached their effectiveness limit while still having crowave properties of sea ice by examination of the Seasat SAR unsuitably large errors. It also serves as a prerequisite to and Scatterometer data and by taking part in focused field programs interpreting coincident ERS-1 C-band SAR and SSMl observations such as the Freezeup Chukchi Sea program. Aircraft data from which will be available in the 1990s. Approaches to the research the JPL SAR aboard the NASA DC-8 are planned in 1988 for problems involve analyses of historical satellite and airborne both freezeup and Antarctica. microwave observations in conjunction with oceanographic and atmospheric data. They also involve participation in field programs, and implementing methods to evaluate geophysical algorithms and wa7-7o199 161-40-03 combine satellite data sets. In addition to answering specific Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. questions about Chukchi air-sea-ice processes, participation in field DETAILEE/NJOKU programs will include introducing airborne SAR downlink technology E. G. Njoku 818-354-5356 in support of real-time oceanographic research. The objective of this RTOP is to provide support to the Oceanic Processes Branch, Earth Science and Applications Division, by wa7-m~~ 16 1-50-02 the assignment of a JPL Detailee to NASA Headquarters. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. primary duties of the Detailee will be to coordinate present and OCEANIC REMOTE SENSING LIBRARY future activities of the Ocean Data Systems program, and to assist J. E. Hilland 818-354-4787 in the development of future directions for this program. The objectives are to collect current publications and provide

32 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS access to relevant documents through a physical collection and W87-70206 16 1-80-37 electronic search system and to enhance the information collection Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Pasadena, Calif. by adding pertinent literature requested by library patrons. To THEORETICAL/NUMERlCAL STUDY OF THE DYNAMICS OF provide access to oceanic remote sensing documents the ORSL OCEAN WAVES librarian acquires, organizes and distributes major scientific M. H. Freilich 818-354-7801 journals. In addition, DMSP, TOPEX, NSCAT AND NODS reports (161 -80-39) have been a focus of document acquisition. The ORSL uses the The objectives of this work are to: (1) investigate the interac- Library of Congress classification system. Material distribution tions of centimetric water waves with both the wind and long requests are received by mail, telephone, and the NODS on-line wave fields, and to determine the implications of these interactions bibliography. The NODS online bibliography provides abstract for the interpretation of scatterometer measurements; (2) develop search, exiract, review, and order capabilities for JPL researchers realistic models describing wave-induced water motions in the and others working at large distances from JPL. Reference citations coastal environment; and (3) participate in data analysis activities can be reviewed on a computer terminal and ordered from the associated with the FASINEX data set. Current theories of ORSL collection. To provide an annotated bibliography the ORSL short-wave dynamics in the presence of winds and longer waves librarian must: (1) acquire pertinent documents; (2) organize the are being refined. Based on laboratory measurements by others documents in a manner consistent with standard library practices; showing that wind stress is concentrated on relatively small areas (3) maintain an up-to-date collection; (4) distribute documents on of the sea surface, detailed models of the fluid flows in both the demand; and (5) develop ORSL services more fully. air and water boundary layers over steep waves are derived. Characteristics of the flows leading to centimetric wave generation/ dissipation are examined. Comparisons between SASS and surface measurements are used to illustrate effects of waves, temperatures, W87-70203 161-50-03 and stability on existing model functions. Nonlinear one-dimensional Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. wave shoaling models are extended both inside and outside the OCEAN PROCESSES BRANCH SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM SUP- surf-zone. Inside the break zone, the 1-D model is used to predict PORT the generation of low-frequency surf beat. Outside the break C. Elachi 818-354-5673 zone, a 2-D model will include refractive effects and allow prediction The objective of this task is to support the NASA Oceanic of longshore currents. Comparisons between conventional stress Processes Branch in the development and use of remote sensing measurements are used to determine relative accuracies of the techniques to study physical and biological oceanic processes and measurement techniques. Stress, and and auxiliary data will be their interactions with the atmosphere. combined to examine deficiencies in present model functions and to begin development of a sigma(0)-stress model function.

W87-70204 161-50-07 W87-70207 161-8046 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. ANALYSIS OF OCEANIC PRODUCTIVITY OCEAN CIRCULATION AND SATELLITE ALTIMETRY C. 0. Davis 818-354-4159 L.-L. FU 21 3-354-8167 This is a new research effort to be initiated upon Dr. Davis’ The long-term objective of the research activities covered under return to JPL from NASA Headquarters. The research will focus this RTOP is to investigate the utility of satellite altimetry for on the study of the primary production of the California coastal observing the general circulation and variability of the oceans. waters, with particular emphasis on the persistent upwelling The approach taken is to analyze GEOS-3, SEASAT, and GEOSAT features near headlands. This effort will include the use of both data with emphasis placed on error reduction techniques. Following CZCS and AVHRR satellite data produced by the West Coast are some near-term objectives: (1) investigation of techniques for Satellite Color Temperature Time Series under the direction of reducing orbit errors in altimetric measurement (particular attention Mark Abbott. These data will be examined in conjunction with in will be paid to the method of Fourier analysis versus the method situ data obtained from the OPUS project to study the role of the of optimal estimation); (2) investigation of the scientific utility of physical environment on the distribution of phytoplankton biomass the crossover difference data from the Navy GEOSAT Mission and primary production. (collaboration with W. White and C. K. Tai of 90); (3)investigation of the validity of several environmental and geophysical corrections applied to SEASAT data (sea state bias, water vapor delay, and inverse barometer effects) with a purpose to aid the algorithm W87-70205 161-80- 15 development for future missions. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. REMOTE SENSING OF AIR-SEA FLUXES W87-70208 161-80-40 W. T. Liu 213-354-2394 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. The long-term objective is to study the interactive processes STUDIES OF SEA SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY AND TEMPERA- of ocean-atmosphereenergy exchanges using spaceborne sensors. TURE The short-term objectives are to develop and implement methods V. Zlotnicki 818-354-5519 of determining latent heat flux from the ocean using satellite data, The first objective of this work is a quantitative assessment of and to apply the flux to study the variability of sea surface the spatial structure of the errors in the three available altimetric temperature. Initial feasibility studies have been performed based mean sea surface models. Such models have two main uses in on SEASATISMMR data. A global relation between precipitable ocean studies: (a) when differenced from a geoid obtained from water measured by spaceborne sensors and surface-level humidity satellite perturbations one can recover features of the mean surface required to determine latent heat flux has been established. circulation with wavelengths greater than 4000 to 8000 km; (b) the Nimbus/SMMR data from 1980 to 1983 are being evaluated and mean sea surface itself is the most accurate geoid estimate at all reprocessed to study the annual and interannual variation of latent shorter wavelengths, and has been successfully removed from heat flux and sea surface temperature in the tropical Pacific. An individual altimetric passes to show mesoscale features. Three experiment project, the TOGA Heat Exchange Project (THEP), mean sea surfaces have been constructed by different groups: has been established to coordinate satellite data verification and their formal error estimates are smaller than their differences, no combination for surface heat flux determination in conjunction with estimate exists of the spatial structure of their errors, and color the Tropic Heat and Tropical Ocean and Global Ocean (TOGA) images show distinct error patterns. A second objective is to experiments. New methods to improve the accuracy are under evaluate the possibility of extending the coverage of one oceano- consideration and the possibility of a future spaceborne sensor graphic component of altimetric data to a certain width across its dedicated to study ocean heat balance will be explored. track, by using its correlation with sea surface temperature data,

33 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS imaged by AVHRR instruments aboard NOAA satellites. Ap- SST data in an interdisciplinary study of eddy dynamics in the proaches taken are: (1) to compute gravity accelerations from the East China Sea; and (4) a ground truth NSCAT station at 0, 170W mean sea surfaces using least squares collocation, then to compare with the French. altimetric and ship gravity along selected ship tracks known to be more accurate than average, and finally to compare power spectra W87-70211 161-80-43 of errors along ship tracks to images of the mean sea surfaces Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. showing distinct error patterns; (2) optimal estimation of the SPACE OCEANOGRAPHY altimetric field will be explored using an anisotropic covariance W. C. Patzert 213-354-4159 function derived from a temperature image coincident in time with During the coming year, the primary activity will be to develop the altimetric data. The principal investigator will devote half time a scientific research plan to utilize satellite data to address to this task (and half to NASA's Ocean Data System). This RTOP oceanographic problems. The relationship of the future NSCAT also includes as a subtask -- the detailed design and management and TOPEX/POSEIDON missions to the World Ocean Circulation of the evolving computer network for the JPL Oceans group. Experiment (WOCE) and the Tropical Ocean/Global Atmosphere (TOGA) program will be considered in this plan. Past research W87-70209 161-80-41 projects (pre-Headquarters) will be completed and prepared for Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Pasadena, Calif. publication in the referred oceanographic literature. Specifically, EFFECTS OF A LARGE-SCALE WAVE-FIELD COMPONENT ON two past projects will be completed: (a) Analysis of satellite-tracked SCATTEROMETER-DERIVED WINDS drifting buoy data from the NORPAX Hawaii/Tahiti Shuttle Experi- R. E. Glazman 818-354-7151 ment in the tropical Pacific Ocean will be finished. (b) A joint A common view of the sea surface as a two-scale system project with W. Broeker of LDGO on the exchange of waters implies that the microwave scattering is governed both by through the SE Asian waters from the Pacific to the Indian Oceans small-scale roughness and by a large-scale component of the will be completed. Assistance to the NSCAT and TOPEX Project wave field that determines slopes of the rough facets. The scientists will be given if required and/or requested. small-scale roughness responds to an instantaneous local wind speed, whereas statistics of large-scale waves are sensitive also to wind fetch and duration. Effects of the large-scale component Tropospheric Air Quality on scatterometer winds are the subject of the present research effort. The effort is necessitated by the fact that the algorithms employed to obtain scatterometer winds do not allow for possible variations of wind fetch and duration, thus raising questions as to W87-70212 176-10-04 the range of environmental conditions within which the measure- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. ments are reliable. Apart from direct applications, we seek a better SATELLITE MONITORING OF AIR POLLUTION understanding of the complex geometry of the random sea surface R. S. Fraser 301-344-9008 as pertains to problems of wind wave dynamics and surface Continuation of this RTOP is contingent on a Headquarters scattering. The work will include theoretical investigations of the review to be held in June 1986. The objectives are as follows: to sea surface statistical geometry and re-examining SASS data to make satellite measurements on a global scale of aerosol determine whether there exists a trend in scatterometer wind speed absorption, mass, transport, and trajectory; to develop algorithms to be biased in the areas where wind fetch and duration are to derive the above parameters from aircraft and satellite measure- significantly different from the typical values characterizing ments of the radiance of sunlight scattered from the Earth experimental data sets employed in the development of the present atmosphere system; to apply the algorithms to aircraft measure- empirical algorithms. ments made near the Chesapeake Bay and satellite measure- ments of forest fire smoke, desert dust, and the Brazilian W87-70210 161-80-42 atmosphere; to validate such results with ground-based and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. independent aircraft measurements. The expected results are as LARGE-SCALE AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS follows: (1) Methods for estimating global transport of aerosol D. Halpern 818-354-5327 mass, its trajectory, size, and absorption from large sources such SASS winds, moored buoy winds, low-level cloud motion as urban-industrial pollution, forest fires, slash burning, and desert vectors, and rawinsonde soundings will address the following dust. (2) Specification of spectral bands for efficient measurement questions. Are the spatial and temporal scales of the surface of the above parameters. wind field significantly different between the three equatorial oceans? What is the appropriate height of a low-level cloud motion W87-70213 176-20-99 vector? How does the shear between cloud winds and surface Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. winds vary in the equatorial zone? Moored current and temperature GLOBAL TROPOSPHERIC EXPERIMENT AIRCRAFT MEASURE- measurements recorded in the upper ocean along the Pacific MENTS equator will be used to examine tropical phenomena influencing H. B. Singh 415-694-6769 SST, South Equatorial Current, and Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) The objective of this program is to provide atmospheric dynamics. (1) What are the statistics and structures of upper ocean measurements aboard NASA aircrafts to support the science goals thermal and flow fluctuations? (2) In the generation, maintenance of the Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE). The approach is to and dissipation of SST and upper ocean heat content variations, develop and test airborne instrumentation, integrate it on the aircraft what are the relative roles of (a) horizontal and vertical currents, platform (Electra, DC-E), operate it during GTE flights, provide (b) adjustment of the zonal slope of the thermocline, (c) surface data as required by GTE project office, analyze, interpret, and heat flux exchange, (d) equatorially trapped waves, and (e) publish individual and/or collaborative results. entrainment and/or mixing? (3) Is the EUC confined to the thermocline, does the EUC rise to the surface, what happens to W87-70214 176-30-01 the EUC east of the Galapagos Islands, and how nonlinear are Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. the dynamics of the EUC? (4) Is there a significant relationship KINETIC STUDIES OF TROPOSPHERIC FREE RADICALS between near-surface phytoplankton distributions and abundances S. P. Sander 818-354-2625 and upper ocean thermal and flow fields in the eastern equatorial A program of laboratory studies is underway to measure kinetic Pacific? Several pre-NSCAT and pre-TOPEX projects to be and photochemical parameters involving key free radical reactions developed are: (1) use of SEASAT-A and GEOSAT altimetric data in tropospheric chemistry. Attention will be focused on reactions along the Pacific equator to examine the variability of the zonal involving methane, non-methane hydrocarbons and sulfur- gradient of sea level; (2) validation studies for ERS-1 and NROSS containing species. The experimental approach will utilize several scatterometer winds; (3) use of satellite ocean color, wind, and state-of-the-art kinetic techniques including flash photolysis,

34 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS discharge flow-mass spectrometry and discharge flow-Fourier terplanetary medium, including stationary and time-dependent Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. phenomena, the characterization of the processes heating and accelerating the solar wind, and the topological structure of the W87-70215 176-40-14 expansion in three dimensions. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. TROPOSPHERIC PHOTOCHEMICAL MODELING W87-70218 186-3841 R. S. Stolarski 301-344-91 1 1 Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. The objectives are to: (1) Develop a photochemical-transport DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR EXPERIMENTS AND HARDWARE model to simulate photoreactive trace gas distributions in the Stuart D. Jordan 301-344-8811 Earth’s atmospheric boundary layer; (2) Use model to interpret The objective of this RTOP is to develop scientific instruments observations made in ground- and aircraft-based measurements which contribute to the solution of well-defined solar research of trace chemicals and meteorological variables (winds, water problems. These activities have the ultimate objective of flying vapor, temperature); (3) Adapt resulting model for use in global- payloads on problem-oriented missions. These research programs scale photochemical models. The approach is as follows: will form the basis for missions using the Shuttle or free fliers. (1) Investigation will focus on three case studies for which One of these will be a study of coronal structures contributing to experimental results will be available for model verification: (a) the solar wind and the interplanetary plasma. A second will be a the surface layer over land; (b) the clear sky planetary layer (PBL) study of the sources of high energy particles of the Sun, emphasiz- over land and sea; (c) the marine PBL topped by stratocumulus ing instrumentation not accommodated by the Solar Maximum clouds. (2) In each case an existing one-dimensional model will Mission (SMM) and/or supplementary to the SMM instruments. A be modified to include a more refined description of photochemical third will make high precision measurements of the solar diameter, kinetics and boundary layer transport. (3) Results from model to study long period resolution to the maximum possible extent. simulations will be compared with measurements to be made in The instruments considered for these payloads are: (1) EUV and NASA’s GTE and other programs. Expected results are as follows: soft X-ray spectroheliographs and spectrographs for observations (1) An improved understanding of chemical and dynamical of structures in the corona and active regions with 1 arc sec interactions in the troposphere; (2) tropospheric models detailed spatial resolution and spectral resolution down to 10 mA; enough to explain atmospheric observations but simple enough to (2) High-resolution X-ray and gamma-ray telescopes; (3) A Solar be incorporated into more complex two and three dimensional Disk Sextant (SDS) to study solar pulsations. In general support models. of the programs for instrument development is the investigation of critical optical components for ultraviolet and soft X-ray wavelength studies. This covers: the design, fabrication, and testing Solar Terrestrial and Astrophysics SR&T of aspheric optical surfaces or Wolter Type4 grazing incidence telescopes, and extended definition studies for future solar instrumentation and evaluation of new optical and detector W87-702 16 188-38-01 technologies that may be applicable to future solar EUV and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. X-ray observations. SOLAR AND HELIOSPHERIC PHYSICS DATA ANALYSIS M. Neugebauer 818-354-2005 W87-70219 188-38-52 Solar-wind plasma and magnetic field data obtained by past Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. and continuing space missions are used to address the following GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS OF THE SUN questions in heliospheric physics: (1) do tangential discontinuities Stuart Jordan 301-344-881 1 (TDs) in the solar wind support surface waves? (2) what mechanism The major objectives of this program are as follows: (1) to is responsible for the alignment of vector v and vector delta B obtain and analyze observations of solar velocity and magnetic across TDs in the solar wind? (3) what is the origin of clumps of fields, global oscillations and wave motion, coronal holes, active TDs in the solar wind? The Solar Infrared Atlas task included in regions and flares, etc., at wavelengths observable from the ground this RTOP in FY-86 will not be continued in FY-87. which complement UV, EUV, X-ray and gamma-ray experiments on NASA flight missions such as the Solar Maximum Mission W87-702 17 188-38-01 (SMM); (2) to support operational planning for spacecraft experi- Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. ments; (3) to conduct basic research and develop specific MODELING CORONAL STRUCTURE AND ENERGETICS instrumentation and observational progress relevant to objectives S. T. Suess 205-544-7611 for future flight missions: (4) to analyze comet tail photographs to (442-36-55) determine the velocity field of the solar wind and the three Physical processes in the solar corona and interplanetary dimensional structure of interplanetary sector boundaries caused medium are being studied using three approaches: (1) a potential by the solar magnetic field; (5) to study the plasma structure field model of coronal structure to analyze the magnetic intercon- apparent in wide-field photographs of comets Giacobini-Zinnerand nections between active regions, the corona, and the interplanetary Halley in the context of results obtained in situ by the International medium; (2) a two-dimensional, numerical magnetohydrodynamic Cometary Explorer (ICE) and by the suite of Halley probes. The (MHD) model of coronal structure and analyze the force balance Vacuum Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory is supported and characteristic velocities between 1.0 and 5.0 solar radii and by the Laboratory through its Southwest Solar Facility. High- to calculate model topologies using different geometrical forms Resolution, full disk magnetograms and 10830A spectroheliographs for the photospheric magnetic field; (3) a magnetostatic model of are routinely obtained and substantial observing time is dedicated sheared magnetic loops in a stratified atmosphere to study the for special-purpose programs of spacecraft support and basic equilibrium and stability of prominences; and (4) a one-dimensional, research by laboratory staff. spherically symmetric, time-dependent numerical model of coronal flow with thermal conduction and energy source terms to analyze W87-70220 188-3642 shocks in the presence of thermal dissipation and to test the Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. stability of standing shock waves that have been shown to occur RESEARCH IN SOLAR VECTOR MAGNETIC FIELDS in solutions to the steady-state equations of motion. In addition to M. J. Hagyard 205-544-7612 applying these four approaches, we will extend and further develop (188-38-53) the models themselves. Finally, during these investigations, we The objective of this research is a program of ground-based will examine those related problems that make themselves evident observations for basic research concerning solar vector magnetic as new results are produced. The motivation for this research is fields and for support of NASA solar missions using the facilities the opportunity to develop a physical understanding of the of the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Solar Observatory. In energetics and dynamics of coronal expansion into the in- the program of basic research, theoretical and observational

35 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS programs are undertaken to study vector magnetic field structures emphasis on ultraviolet mirror coating developments that will have which are relevant to current problems in solar physics. To support an impact on improved system throughput. In the area of diffraction future NASA solar programs, techniques of observation and of grating technology, we are conducting studies of advanced design, data reduction and analysis are developed using the MSFC vector fabrication, and testing methods. Specific applications include high magnetograph; such techniques will generate guidelines for and low resolution spectrographs and imaging spectrometers for operations of planned space-based magnetographs, and will the ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet. provide more focussed direction for the research performed with these instruments. Support of ongoing NASA solar missions is W87-70224 188-41-24 provided through daily observations, transmission of magnetograms Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. to Pl’s and other relevant personnel, and coordinated observing ULTRAVIOLET DETECTOR DEVELOPMENT programs associated with collaborative investigations with mission Andrew Smith 301-344-8648 Pl’s. The objective of this RTOP is the development of a photon- counting detector suitable for future space astronomy missions W87-70221 188-38-53 such as LYMAN, second generation ST instrumentation, the Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope on ASTRO and various other Shuttle STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF SOLAR MAGNETIC FIELDS payloads. The detector will be sensitive to far ultraviolet wave- Ronald L. Moore 205-544-7613 lengths, has a large format and high resolution. The design is The general objective is to determine and understand basic exceedingly flexible, so that once the concept has been ap- empirical properties of solar magnetic fields, their effects in the proved, future detectors can be optimized for particular missions. solar atmosphere, and their generation within the Sun. The general The detector consists of an image converter/intensifier module approach is to analyze Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) vector fiber-optically coupled to a mosaic of charge coupled devices magnetograms along with complementary data from other observa- (CCDs) which provide digital readout. The photocathode may be tories and from solar space missions, and to interpret observed deposited either on a faceplate in front of a large microchannel effects with physical models. The results will guide choices of plate (MCP) intensifier or directly on the input side of the MCP. specific observing programs for future solar space missions, The output from the MCP is proximity focussed onto a phosphor including Sunlab, HESP, the XUV spectrometer/imager on SOHO, screen on a fiber-optic plate, which provides the input to the and HSRO (the revised Solar Optical Telescope). We will pursue fiber-optic coupler. The coupler module consists of a 2 x 2 array the following studies: (1) Active regions: (a) form and action of of fiber-optic tapers, each of which is coupled to a single CCD. the magnetic field in flares; (b) non-potential magnetic features, The CCD’s are read out in parallel. A prototype consisting of a their formation, and their relation to enhanced heating and flaring; 25 mm MCP coupled to a single fiber-optic taper and CCD has (c) emergence and submergence of magnetic flux; and (d) magnetic been fabricated and is being tested. The experience gained in structure, heating, and dynamic phenomena in sunspots. (2) Quiet fabrication is being fed back into the development program. regions: (a) transition-region bright points and microflares; and (b) structure of the magnetic network and implications for the heating of the transition region and corona. (3) Solar cycle: (a) W87-70225 188-41-53 evidence in the sunspot record for bimodality of the solar dynamo; Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. (b) X-ray bright points and fine-scale flux emergence; and (c) THEORETICAL STUDIES OF GALAXIES. THE INTERSTELLAR modeling of the solar dynamo. MEDIUM. MOLECULAR CLOUDS, STAR FORMATION B. F. Smith 415-694-5515 W 8 7- 7 0 2 2 2 188-41-21 The objective of this RTOP is to conduct theoretical studies Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. on fundamental phenomena associated with continuum spectra, ASTRONOMY AND RELATIVITY DATA ANALYSIS dynamics, and line spectra in active galactic nuclei, the formation R. A. Preston 818-354-6895 and evolution of galaxies and clusters, random luminosity fluctua- The purposes of this research are to: (1) map the structure of tions in compact astrophysical objects, molecular cloud formation extragalactic radio sources by Very Long Base Interferometry (VLBI) and evolution, star formation and infrared emission in interstellar to study the astrophysics of these sources, and (2) analyze shocks. A large fraction of this effort involves computational astrometric and radiometric data on the positions of the bodies of astrophysics employing a wide variety of numerical codes devel- the solar system and analyze timing data on pulsars in order to oped at Ames to treat multidimensional hydrodynamic and test relativistic theories of gravitation. magnetohydrodynamic fluid problems, with multidimensionalparticle problems, and complex radiative transfer problems W87-70223 188-4 1-23 Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. W87-70226 188-41-57 OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR SPACE ASTRONOMY Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. Theodore R. Gull 301-286-6184 LABORATORY STUDY OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROP- Space based instrument systems for astronomy afford scien- ERTIES OF INTERSTELLAR PAHS tists important advantages which can not be fully utilized with L. J. Allamandola 41 5-694-6890 ground based optical technology. In space, optical systems escape It has recently been proposed that free molecular sized, the detrimental atmospheric effects such as absorption and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are surprisingly abundant turbulence. This allows observations in previously unaccessible in many different astronomical objects and thus a widespread, but spectral ranges and the potential to measure ultra-faint and previously unrecognized, component of the interstellar medium ultra-small objects. However, the technologies for space optics which could play a dramatic role in many processes such as are fundamentally different from those in ground based systems. energy balance, molecular cloud collapse and dust particle Technology developments for space optics specifically must formation. Testing of this hypothesis and its impact on the large address the expanded spectral region (X-rays to far-IR), the vacuum astrophysical picture is severely hampered by a general lack of environment, zero gravity, contamination, radiation damage, and knowledge of the spectroscopic, physical and chemical properties the severe weight and volume constraints placed on payloads. of PAHs in the forms they are likely to be in space: ions, radicals, The objective of this research and technology program, therefore, neutral species and clusters. Spectroscopic properties of these is to conduct investigations in those technology areas generic to unique species are particularly important to know since virtually the development of astronomy instrumentation for space. Relevant all observational data pertaining to this problem is spectroscopic technical areas include optical system design and analysis, optical in nature. The major goal of this research is to provide the data materials, optical fabrication, optical testing, mirror technology, and necessary to test the PAH hypothesis and further our understanding diffraction grating technology. We are presently conducting of their potential role in astrophysics. Experiments will be performed investigations in two technical areas that will have substantive in the laboratory in which the PAHs to be studied are prepared

36 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS under conditions which duplicate, as much as possible, the of astronomy ranging from the millisecond bursts of hard X-rays interstellar conditions in which they are found. coming from the innermost orbits of matter falling into a black hole to the diffuse emission from extensive hot plasmas associated W87-70227 188-46-01 with clusters of galaxies. The combination of large sensitive area, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. low detector background, high temporal resolution and energy- THEORETICAL STUDIES OF ACTIVE GALAXIES AND QUASI- dispersive spectroscopy over a broad band-width has been our STELLAR OBJECTS (QSOS) approach in discovering and exploring these phenomena. The Lawrence J. Caroff 41 5-694-5523 power of this approach has been well demonstrated. Extending it This research effort seeks to understand the origin of the with improved spectral resolution and broad-band imaging is a continuum spectra of Quasi-Stellar Objects (QSOs) and other major area of development now indicated. This involves the creation Compact Luminous Objects. An optically thick, relativistic outflow and evaluation of new systems incorporating low noise detectors is postulated to arise in the central core of these objects and of optimum energy resolution, large area X-ray concentrators and arbitrary input energy spectrum of photons and/or electron-positron imaging devices. pairs is assumed. The evolution of the energy distribution functions of the photons and pairs is followed until either (1) the system W87-70231 186-4842 becomes optically thin, or (2) thermal equilibrium sets in. At that Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. time the emerging spectra are compared with observations. CENTER FOR STAR FORMATION STUDIES Interaction processes which are likely to be important to the spectral D. J. Hollenbach 415-694-4164 evolution are: pair-production, annihilation, Compton scattering, The general objective of the proposed research is to undertake Bremsstrahlung, Coulomb scattering, and, if a magnetic field is a unified theoretical analysis of the problem of star formation. present, synchrotron/cyclotron emission. Solid achievement is likely to come, however, only with a healthy awareness of constraints placed on theoretical ideas by the ever W87-70228 186-4647 increasing data base. Moreover the interrelated theoretical Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. problems cannot be attacked in isolation, but must be approached GAMMA RAY ASTRONOMY AND RELATED RESEARCH from the viewpoint of overall consistency with advances in other G. J. Fishman 205-544-7691 fields. Our comprehensive investigation includes studies of patterns An observational program in gamma ray astronomy and cosmic of star-forming regions on galaxy wide scales; dynamics, structure, ray research is being pursued using balloon-borne experiments. energetics, and chemistry of the interstellar medium; details of Techniques and instrumentation for future space flight experiments the fragmentation of molecular clouds and gravitational collapse are developed concurrently. The following are the objectives of of their dense rotating cores; possible differences in the formation the MSFC research program: (1) To perform new scientific of high and low mass stars; formation and evolution of protostars observations in gamma ray astronomy and cosmic ray physics and nebular disks; mechanisms of planetary system formation and within the limitations of current balloon flight capabilities. (2) To disk dispersal; and the origin of bipolar flows and their effect on develop new detectors and experimental techniques for future the surrounding gas and dust. space-borne, gamma ray astronomy, and high-energy cosmic ray observations. (3) To study various sources of background radiation, W87-70232 188-78-46 primarily atmospheric gamma ray radiation and activation of Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. detectors and materials in order to increase the sensitivity of PARTICLE ASTROPHYSICS MAGNET FACILITY gamma ray observations. William D. Hibbard 301-286-7510 The objective of this RTOP is to provide science support, W87-70229 188-46-57 system planning and a conceptual engineering design for a Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. superconducting magnetic spectrometer, tentatively called As- GAMMA RAY ASTRONOMY tromag, that will fly as an attached payload on the space station. Carl E. Fichtel 301-286-6281 It will permit study of the properties of cosmic rays in order to The technical objective is to develop the most appropriate understand their history as a sample of non-solar material, and detector systems for the observation of astrophysical sources of their nucleosynthesis, acceleration, and transport in and effects very energetic photons. The first approach was the development on the galactic magnetic fields. It will also permit studies of the of a large high energy telescope using digitized spark chambers. antiprotons observed recently in cosmic rays, and antimatter Many major improvements to this basic telescope system are still searches 100 to 1000 times more sensitive than previously possible. being pursued and other approaches to detector systems are now Astromag will be designed for space servicing, including mainte- being developed for high energy, intermediate energy, and low nance, cryogen resupply and exchange of experiment instrumenta- energy gamma-ray observations. In the high energy region tion. The approach is to conduct preliminary design trade-off studies improvements in the track imaging chamber systems are continuing, leading to a feasible, economical facility concept. The studies will and special attention in the track imaging chamber research is be carried out by the Particle Astrophysics Magnetic Facility now being directed towards drift chambers. At the same time, Definition Team, supplemented by the GSFC Advanced Missions several approaches are being explored to improve angular Analysis Office. The products will be reliable cost and schedule resolution, including techniques to concentrate on higher energy estimates, risk assessments, feasibility demonstration and the photons. Improved attitude and aspect systems are being built. In identification of long-lead items, safety concerns and reliability the 112 to 40 MeV region different interaction processes become approaches. dominant and hence, new detector techniques are required. A totally new detector has been developed. It is based on the W87-70233 188-78-60 Compton interaction process, but includes several new concepts Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. which should increase the sensitivity by a factor of ten. For ASTROPHYSICAL CCD DEVELOPMENT gamma-ray burst studies other wavelengths are being investigated. S. A. Collins 818-354-7393 In particular a ground-based system is being developed to detect Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) are being developed for use and precisely locate optical flashes that are likely to occur in as camera/spectrograph detectors throughout an unprecedented coincidence with gamma-ray bursts. spectral range: 1-10,000 A. The objective of this task is to implement and demonstrate CCD design modifications which W87-70230 168-4649 enhance CCD performance at X-ray and ultraviolet wavelengths. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. Specifically, good detection efficiency (> 30%) is to be achieved X-RAY ASTRONOMY throughout the range of 1-4000 A, and low readout noise (< E. A. Boldt 301-286-5853 5 electrons/pixel, rms) is to be demonstrated. Our approach is to Celestial X-ray sources have introduced us to rich new aspects contract for modification of the design of an existing visible-light

37 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

CCD, to procure such enhanced CCDs to evaluate their perfor- program employing Michelson Fourier transform spectrometers mance at low signal levels, and to undertake additional design/ meets the simultaneous requirements of high spectral resolution, fabrication iterations as required to achieve the stated objectives. a wide free spectral range and high sensitivity. Spectral resolutions up to .01 cm(-1) are achieved in the 500 to 2000 cm(-1) range. A W07-70234 188-78-62 post-disperser detection system has been used to reduce back- Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. ground noise from a warm telescope and instrument system and GRAVITY PROBE-B the atmosphere at the detector; thus allowing the multiplex A. K. Neighbors 205-544-0565 advantage of the interferometer to be retained. Cooled or warm Gravity Probe-B is a free flying spacecraft which will confirm FTS instrumentation with the post-dispersed detection system Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity by measuring the relativistic allows maximum sensitivity to be attained at a ground-based site. precession of ultra precise gyroscopes. The work is a coordinated The sensitivity level for a measurement in the 1000 cm(-1) region theoretical, experimental, engineering project with MSFC having with a 122 cm diameter telescope, an integration time of overall project management responsibility. Drawing on a broad 60 minutes and a spectral resolution of 0.2 cm(-1) is approximately experience base consisting of technology development, definition 5 x lo(-26) Watts/m2/Hz. Observations of Jupiter at 12 microns studies, tests, and analyses, a contract with Stanford for the first during December 1985 show excellent sensitivity on ethane lines 21 months of the Engineering Development was signed in March at 0.01 cm(-l) resolution. 1985. The Engineering Development will culminate in the launch of a Shuttle flight test experiment in FY92 and the beginning of W87-70238 196-4 1-51 the Science Mission development in FY90. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. PASSIVE MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING OF THE ASTEROIDS W87-70235 188-80-02 USING THE VLA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, New York. W. J. Webster, Jr. 301-286-5554 RESEARCH IN ASTROPHYSICS SOLAR SYSTEM, TURBU- We intend to infer structure and composition parameters for a LENCE selected set of the ten physically largest asteroids by employing V. Canuto 212-678-5571 microwave remote sensing techniques originally developed for The objectives of this program are the study of the phenomenon Earth observations. Precise flux density measurements made with of Large Scale Turbulence (LST) and its implications in astro- the Very Large Array (VLA) of the National Radio Astronomy physics. The great diversity of physical settings (geophysics, Observatory will be used to define the microwave continuum atmospheric physics, origin of planets, accretion disks in genera, spectra of these asteroids. These spectra will be inverted in order molecular clouds, etc.) in which a detailed knowledge of turbulence to estimate the near-surface bulk properties (radii, roughness, is needed, is in stark contrast with the lack of an analytical model composition) independent of previous optical or infrared spectros- sufficiently general to be applicable to the above cases. Since COPY. the only available methods are either phenomenological expres- sions or numerical simulations of the full hydrodynamic equations, W87-70239 196-41-54 (neither of which is satisfactory), we have had as an objective Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. that of constructing an analytical model for LST. The approach ADVANCED INFRARED ASTRONOMY AND SPECTROSCOPIC uses as the only ingredient for both the energy source as well as PLANETARY DETECTION for the cascade integral the growth rate of the unstable modes M. J. Mumma 301-286-6994 that ultimately generate turbulence. The results thus far (for the The objectives of this RTOP are twofold. First, we will study particular case of convective turbulence) fare very satisfactorily the molecular constituents of solar system objects (e.g., planetary with laboratory data for Rayleigh numbers up tp lO(11). atmospheres and comets) through observations of their IR line spectra. High spectral and spatial resolution is utilized in order to obtain information on spatially localized phenomena and on Planetary Astronomy dynamical processes (e.g., winds in planetary atmospheres). The approach is to develop and utilize laser heterodyne spectrometers for ultra-high spectral resolution in the mid-infrared (8 to W87-70236 196-41-30 30 micrometers), and to utilize Fourier transform instrumentation Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. in the near infrared (lambda < 8 micrometers). These techniques INFRARED IMAGING OF COMETS provide optimum sensitivity, resolution and spectral stability needed C. M. Telesco 205-544-7723 for problems such as mapping the excitation conditions and outflow The objective of this RTOP is an observational program using velocities in cometary comae. Observations are conducted from detector array instruments for infrared imaging of comets. (1) An ground-based observatories and from the Kuiper Airborne Ob- existing infrared array camera containing 20 bolometer detectors servatory. The second study is directed towards extending our will be used to study the large-scale spatial distribution of infrared knowledge to planetary systems which may exist around other emission in comets in the wave-length region from 10 micrometers solar-type stars. The underlying principle is that such extra-solar to 30 micrometers. These observations will be performed from planetary systems could be detected by measuring the small ground-based infrared observatories. (2) An additional infrared Doppler reflex which planetary orbital motion produces in the system with an lnSb detector array spanning the wavelength spectrum of the parent star. The objective of this task is to validate region 1 micrometers to 5 micrometers is now under development. such an approach by measuring the velocity stability of integrated Beginning in the second half of FY87, observations with this sunlight. Solar cycle related effects which are observed are instrument will importantly complement those obtained with the compared to the 13 meterlsec Doppler reflex induced by the bolometer array. orbit of Jupiter, and prescriptions are developed for separating these effects so that planetary Doppler signatures can be identified W87-70237 196-41-50 in stellar spectra. In order to obtain great spectral stability, the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. observational approach is to use Fourier transform and laser GROUND-BASED INFRARED ASTRONOMY heterodyne spectrometers in the infrared spectra region. Donald E. Jennings 301-286-7701 (188-41-55; 154-50-80) W87-70240 196-4 1-67 The scientific objective is to determine information on astro- Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. physical objects, such as molecular clouds, interstellar lines, PLANETARY ASTRONOMY AND SUPPORTING LABORATORY molecular and circumstellar components in stellar atmospheres, RESEARCH and planetary atmospheres from high spectral resolution ground- F. P. J. Valero 415-694-5510 based measurements in the intermediate infrared. An observing The composition of planetary and cometary atmospheres and

38 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS surfaces and the abundance, temperature and pressure of certain Life Sciences SR&T atmospheric constituents can be determined by spectroscopic observations from ground-based and airborne observations. Such data are necessary for the preparation of valid model atmospheres, W07-70243 199-11-11 which are needed to evaluate the possibilities of life on the planets, Lyndon 6. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. to design systems for exploratory missions and for the prepara- SPACE STATION EXERCISE COUNTERMEASURES tion of evolutionary models of planetary interiors. The objectives J. S. Logan 713-483-4731 of this work are to obtain, study and analyze spectroscopic (199-1 1-31) observations of comets, planets and their satellites; to obtain and The Space Station Countermeasures RTOP may be divided analyze, in the laboratory, spectra appropriate for valid interpreta- into three function areas: (1) exercise protocol definition (or tion of the observations; and to develop the analytical and prescription); (2) Identification and testing of candidate technolog- computational techniques necessary to interpret the observational ies; and (3) definition and feasibility studies for exercise incentive spectra in terms of real planetary atmospheres and surfaces, and technologies. Funding, as per previous agreements between JSC cometary gases and ices. The objective will be pursued in Space and Life Sciences Directorate and NASAIHQ Life Sciences measuring, in the laboratory, basic molecular parameters such as Division, will be utilized for definition of requirements and candidate basic band modeling parameters, absorption line half-widths, systems. Prototype hardware and flight hardware will be funded vibration-rotation interaction constants, and line pressure induced by the Space Station Program Office. Formulation of exercise shifts and absorption in the gas phase as well as absorption band protocols, or an exercise prescription is required prior to preliminary profiles and intensities for these molecules condensed as ices. definition of candidate exercise hardware. Initial work is ongoing to evolve this exercise prescription, however, completion of this effort requires input from the Exercise Advisory Committee. (Advisory workshop is scheduled for June 1986 and was funded by the FY-86 Space Station Countermeasures RTOP). It is W07-7024 1 196-41-60 mandatoty that the exercise protocols be completed during FY-87 Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. so that system hardware development can proceed in a timely DETECTION OF OTHER PLANETARY SYSTEMS manner. Additionally, it is mandatory that this prescription be J. D. Scargle 415-694-6330 validated in on-orbit testing. This will require the capability to collect, The long-range objective of this activity is to develop a process, and downlink exercise/physiologic data. comprehensive program to detect other planetary systems. The near-term objectives include the funding of selected University researchers to pursue modest exploratory developmental and W07-70244 199-11-21 observational programs as well as theoretical studies directed at Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. identifying optimum techniques for both space-based and ground- LONGITUDINAL STUDIES (MEDICAL OPERATIONS LONGITU- based planetary detection systems. The choice of University DINAL STUDIES) researchers will be based on a peer review of unsolicited proposals, Edward C. Mosely 71 3-483-4264 and it will be guided by the basic recommendations set forth in Objectives of the research in this area is to conduct longitu- Volume I of NASA CP-2124. Funding will also be used to support dinal retrospective and prospective studies of medical data from in-house theoretical research at Ames Research Center related to astronauts, a control group of civil servants, and other JSC the detection and study of other planetary systems. employees. The studies covered involve individuals in a relatively closed population in an attempt to relate changes in physiology and/or pathology to specific factors associated with individual traits of the astronauts and occupational exposure. Areas of study and particular interest consists of acute responses and long-term W07-70242 196-41-7 1 adaptive mechanisms to weightlessness, changes observed in Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. complete annual physical examinations, and the effects (if any) of OPTICAL ASTRONOMY the occupational exposures of crewman to the aging processes J. T. Trauger 818-354-8875 and disease incidence. The approach includes (1) input and storage The overall objective of this ground-based optical astronomy of all astronaut medical exams (annual, flight, and illness exams) task is the physical study of atmospheres and magnetospheres of in computer databases, (2) collecting and storing similar information planets, satellite atmospheres and surface phenomena, and comets on a control group of civil servants (matched on age, sex, body by means of ground-based astronomy at UV, visible, and IR size and smoking history) and other civil servants, (3) analysis of wavelengths. This RTOP consists of several subtasks: (1) Planetary the longitudinal information comparing these groups, and Spectroscopy, to investigate the physical and chemical properties (4) cumulative evaluation of prelpostflight physiological changes of the atmospheres of planets and satellites; (2) Planetary across missions, (5) periodic reviews to include new parameters. Fabry-Perot Spectroscopy, to study the composition, structure, chemistry, and origins of planetary atmospheres through Earth- W07-70245 199-1 1-31 based high-resolution Fabry-Perot spectroscopy; to study electron- Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. excited forbidden emissions from Jovian magnetospheric ions with SPACE STATION HEALTH MAINTENANCE FACILITY CCD imaging photometry from which a detailed description of the J. S. Logan 713-483-4731 evolution and physical character of the Jupiterho nebula can be (199-11-11) derived; and to study velocity structure and dynamics of the Current space station mission scenarios describe a 90-day gaseous envelopes of comets and lo with high spectral resolution mission for a 6 to 14 person crew in low Earth orbit. The space (Doppler velocity resolved) Fabry-Perot/CCD imaging techniques; shuttle will be the only means of transportation to and from the (3) Infrared Observations of Outer Planet Satellites, to investigate station and will visit the station only during the initial and final the thermophysical properties of outer solar system satellites phases of a mission. The time required to accomplish a rescue through ground-based thermal IR photometry; (4) Volatiles in the for a medical contingency will be 14 to 28 days from the time the Surfaces of Icy Satellites, to study the composition of surface decision to rescue is made. The cost of a rescue mission is ices on the outer planet satellites with a cooled grating/lnSb array estimated to be $150 million dollars. The Medical Sciences Division instrument for near-IR spectroscopy; and (5) TMO Support to Other at Johnson Space Center is in the early stages of requirements Programs, to provide limited operational support (equipment and systems definition for a modular inflight medical system known maintenance and setup, observing assistance) at Table Mountain as the space station Health Maintenance Facility (HMF) which will Observatory (TMO) for programs supported from other RTOPs, provide preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic capabilities. The principally supporting the asteroid dynamics task under A. Harris goals of the HMF are: (1) to ensure the health and safety of the (JPL). crew; (2) prevent an unnecessary rescue; and (3) to increase the

39 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS probability of success of a necessary rescue. HMF requirements the first 2 to 4 days of the flight. Thus, on short duration Shuttle derive from the operational constraints such as weightlessness, flights a significant portion of the mission time may be sent with previous inflight medical experiences, and the projected risk of some crewmembers affected by symptoms of SMS. The program medical/surgical contingencies. The unique challenge of providing outlined by this RTOP is directed specifically towards understanding medical coverage for space station requires the development of and resolving the problems caused by SAS. These problems, which low weight, low volume, highly automated medical hardware having arise from the rearrangement of sensory motor interactions during wide application to terrestrial medical care. exposure to 0-g, impair operational efficiency and the health and safety of astronauts and other crewmembers. The goal of this W87-70246 199-11-34 program is to understand the underlying causes of SAS in order Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. to develop effective and operationally useful countermeasures. The ULTRASOUND DETECTION OF BENDS major objectives are: (1) to conduct research which leads to a J. A. Rooney 818-354-3942 better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of SAS and The basic objective is the development of swept-frequency fully develop effective and operationally useful preflight and inflight ultrasonic techniques that are capable of quantifying the onset or countermeasures, (2) to develop reliable criteria for determining development of decompression sickness in NASA flight personnel. susceptibility to SAS, and (3) to develop techniques to minimize The specific objectives include (1) development, characterization reentry phenomena and to facilitate readaptation to 1-G. The and optimization of swept-frequency ultrasonic techniques utilizing approach will be to conduct an interrelated series of operationally transmission, reflection, harmonic and phase-detection technolog- oriented ground-based and space-flight studies designed to address ies to exploit resonant properties for quantification of bubbles in one or more of the above objectives in the area of pharmacology, biological systems, (2) determination of the necessary design neurohumoral and biochemical correlates, adaptation techniques, parameters for an ultrasonic system for imaging and quantifying psychophysiological studies and visual-vestibular studies. Human bubble populations and dynamics, (3) determination of the acoustic subjects will be used primarily. New facilities, hardware and parameters of bubbles in biological systems in the size range of measurement procedures will be developed as required. interest to NASA investigators, (4) determination of the feasibility of utilizing swept-frequency ultrasonic systems for quantifying ww-70249 199-13-40 bubble dynamics and bubble population interactions, and Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. (5) development of, in collaboration with other NASA investigators, VIBROACOUSTIC HABITABILITY/PRODUCTlVlTY the basic design criteria for ultrasonic techniques for use in studies D. G. Stephens 804-865-3577 and monitoring of decompression sickness. The objectives will be Some objectives are to develop the methodologies of vibro- met by the modification and development of the unique JPL acoustic prediction, vibroacoustic criteria, and control procedures swept-frequency ultrasound system. Transmission, reflection, for use in the design and operation of a space station to ensure harmonic and phase-detection techniques will be developed and high levels of habitability and productivity. The task will provide compared for sensitivity and resolution. Measurements will be made the technology for the program developed as part of the Human of the acoustic parameters of bubbles needed both for quantifica- Productivity Program Definition*. The control of vibroacoustic tion of their population statistics and for determining future system exposure requires technology developments in the following areas: design parameters. Theory will be modified to describe bubbles in (1) Develop and/or validate methods for predicting the level, biological media in the size range of interest. Consultations and frequency, and time history of the noise at each location within collaborations with investigators at JSC will be developed and the space station where human activity takes place. The models used to determine desired system parameters. shall include: The source noise levels of equipment; volume of the modules; absorption characteristics of interior surfaces; and W0 7- 7 0 2 4 7 199-11-34 structural noise transmission properties of the configuration. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. (2) Develop and/or validate vibroacoustic exposure methodology IN-FLIGHT DIAGNOSTIC SENSORS (criteria) which includes hearing, speech, communication (aided), S. L. Prusha 818-577-9594 performance; comfort, and sleep. (3) Development model for use The purpose of this study is the development of subsystem in controlling the levels of vibroacoustic exposure to meet requirements for a series of chemical sensors to be used for vibroacoustic criteria within the various constraints of the Space biochemical analysis for studies in aerospace physiology. The Station design. Such models shall be suitable for trading off the sensors will emphasize solid state design and will be designed effectiveness of source control, control through quiet operating for integration into the space station or shuttle environment. The procedures, interior treatment and/or design, crew utilization. requirements will be determined after technology assessments and Cramer, D. B.: Space Station Task Force--Human Productivity system requirements are completed, which was addressed in a Program Definition. previous RTOP. FY87 plans will include chemical sensor subsystem requirements definition, environmental constraints definition, existing sensor integration and modification assessment, and the wa7-70250 199-13-41 start of conceptual and subsystems designs. Work will be Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. conducted in collaboration with university based researchers, with SPACECRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS the nature of the work and specific arrangements to be determined. J. M. Waligora 713-483-2381 The ultimate product resulting from this work will be a flight qualified The objective of the Environmental Factors RTOP is to support system used for in-flight biochemical analysis. Used in conjunction reach involving specification, measurement, and control of the with other existing and proposed diagnostic instruments, this will man-made internal environment in the manned spacecraft. Major provide for a comprehensive array of diagnostic tools for in-flight emphasis will be in atmosphere selection and verification, and evaluation of the effects of human exposure to the space detection and control of toxic and microbiological contamination environment. as it impacts the cabin atmosphere and the potable water supply. A second objective is to support research to study the response W07-70240 199-12-51 of the body to deleterious levels of environmental factors that Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. may be encountered inflight to allow prediction of physiologic or SPACE ADAPTATION SYNDROME pathologic response and to prevent or ameliorate this response. F. A. Kutyna 713-483-2381 The approach utilized to accomplish these objectives will be to (1 99-22-22) sponsor in-house and outside contractual studies which are required Manned spaceflight has demonstrated that the Space Adapta- to define requirements for spacecraft environmental factors, to tion Syndrome (SAS) is unpredictable and may be variable among provide the technology to detect compliance with these require- individuals. Up to 50% of Shuttle crewmembers experience ments, to actively control to these requirements primarily by removal symptoms of space motion sickness which can persist through of contaminants, and finally, to define the mechanism of response

40 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS of the body to deleterious environmental factors and investigate anticipated to provide an enhanced understanding of the effects potential countermeasures. of weightlessness on man and his readaptation to the Earth environment. Using principally model systems in human clinical W87-70251 199-21-11 research, investigations will be directed toward the identification Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. and study of biochemical and neurohumoral agents which are CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH (JSC) active in the various adaptive phases of space flight. J. B. Charles 713-483-2381 The overall objective of this program is an understanding of W8 7- 7 0 2 5 4 199-21 -52 the cardiovascular changes (the Cardiovascular Readaptation Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. Syndrome) which occur with space flight and their impact on HEMATOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY crewmembers. Specific aims are to: (1) define the underlying A. D. Mandel 415-694-5061 mechanisms of cardiovascular readaptation; (2) provide appropriate The purpose of this RTOP is to address the endocrinological, countermeasures for these effects; (3) develop systems to aid in hematological, and immunological changes that accompany accomplishing these goals; and (4) apply the results to the spaceflight. It will also assess the clinical significance of such selection, retention and health maintenance of future space changes and seek ways of preventing or treating adverse effects travellers. Ground based studies on both human and animal of prolonged space flight, which have been shown to influence subjects will in part utilize (1) provocative techniques such as parameters of the immune response. This research will be lower body negative pressure and exercise testing, (2) bed rest accomplished by using a rat suspension model to provide effects studies as analogs to weightlessness, (3) noninvasive and invasive similar to space flight. Quantitative and functional behavior of cardiovascular monitoring, and (4) pharmacologic interventions, all immune parameters can then be extrapolated to predict the in an effort to accomplish the goals set forth above. Direct inflight infectious disease hazard of space flight. This program will applications or continued research will be performed as required. terminate at end of FY 1986. Impact will be greater access to the space flight environment for more diverse segments of the population under a greater variety W87-70255 199-22-22 of conditions. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY W8 7- 7 0 2 5 2 199-21-1 2 N. G. Daunton 415-694-6245 Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. (199-1 2-51) CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY Significant changes occur in the way the Central Nervous H. Sandler 41 5-694-5745 System (CNS) processes sensory inputs and programs motor The overall goal of this program is an understanding of the outputs during adaptation to the micro-gravity environment of space, cardiovascular/fluid-electrolyte changes occurring with spaceflight. and during re-adaptation to Earth’s gravity. These changes in CNS Specific aims are to: (1) define underlying mechanisms; processing result in space motion sickness, perceptual illusions, (2) determine whether specific cardiovascular risks occur with performance deficits, and postural control deficits, all of which short- and long-term weightlessness exposure; (3) develop impair the operational efficiency of astronauts, especially during appropriate countermeasures for observed changes; (4) improve the first 3 - 5 days of exposure to micro-gravity and re-exposure selection criteria for passengers and crew; and (5) develop and to Earth’s gravity. It is not known whether the changes in CNS implement appropriate spaceflight experiments. To accomplish this structure and function will be reversible after long-term (years) goal, ground-based studies on both human and animal subjects exposure to micro-gravity. The overall objective of this program is will be carried out. Specific activities will include: (1) determining to identify CNS components and mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise training; (2) exposing humans to horizontal process of adaptation/re-adaptation to altered gravitational and head-down bed rest and water immersion; and (3) test conditions so that the consequences of long-term, as well as procedures, devices and drugs to prevent and counteract decondi- short-term, exposures to micro-gravity on the CNS can be tioning. Results should lead to: (1) a better understanding of determined. The general approach to understanding these compo- mechanisms of cardiovascular deconditioning; (2) better devices nents and mechanisms involves identifying in both ground and and procedures for modifying deconditioning effects; and flight investigations the functional changes which occur during (3) specific spaceflight experiments. Results of proposed studies adaptation to altered-gravity environments and then determining will improve flight safety and understanding of spaceflight risks. the neurophysio\ogical, neurochemical, and structural changes in They will also provide access to flight of a broader segment of the CNS which underlie the functional changes. With this know- Population, and will use weightlessness to expand our understand- ledge, countermeasures can be developed to minimize specific ing Of cardiovascularflluid-electrolytefunction. problems and to ensure the productivity, health, and safety of astronauts in space and on return to Earth. W87-70253 199-21-51 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. W87-70256 199-22-31 ENDOCRINOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTROL (HEMA- Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. TOLOGY, ENDOCRINOLOGY, AND NUTRITION) BONE PHYSIOLOGY Nitza M. Cintron 713-483-5457 V. S. Schneider 713-483-2381 (1 99-21-10; 199-22-31) (199-21-51) The absence of hydrostatic forces, which results in body fluid The regulation of musculoskeletal integrity and function during shifts, and the absence of deformation forces on normally space flight and the causes of bone’s apparent demineralization load-bearing tissues, are postulated to cause the principal and dissolution are central questions addressed by the present disturbances found during and after space flight in the fluid and research program. We intend as outlined in the FASEB reports electrolyte, cardiovascular, erythropoietic, musculoskeletal, and on muscle and bone to elucidate and define the mechanisms metabolic systems. These alterations result in a multitude of operative in the processes associated with calcium metabolism physiological imbalances such as a reduced body fluid volume and bone loss during weightlessness, to determine the in- with concomitant losses of electrolytes, loss of body calcium stores, terrelationship between muscle and bone physiology, to develop skeletal muscle atrophy, and a negative energy balance after methods to assess changes in bone and muscle more accurately prolonged space flight. The purpose of the present program is to by non-invasive means, and to develop effective countermeasures study and define, at the cellular, biochemical, and endocrine levels, to these potential deleterious skeletal changes in order to key elements underlying the identified physiological responses to optimize crew’s performance and recovery upon return to a one-g space flight which allow the definition and assessment of crew environment. Clinical human and animal models will be used to health status and which reveal areas of countermeasure develop- define the mechanisms underlying bone and muscle mass regula- ment. Results of the individual research investigations are tion and loss during space flight. The focus will be on the

41 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

biochemical, endocrinological, and physico-mechanical levels of (2) conducting basic studies into the nature of the biochemical function. Preventive and remedial countermeasures will center and physiological mechanisms which regulate skeletal muscle mass primarily around mineral supplementation, drug administration, diet and function, (3) developing and validating methods for monitoring modification, and physical manipulation. atrophy of skeletal muscle in human subjects and laboratory animals, and (4) investigating possible countermeasures to forestall W87-70257 199-22-32 muscle atrophy. The nature, extent, and rate of atrophic muscle Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. changes will be thoroughly characterized. Alterations in muscle BONE PHYSIOLOGY physiology, biochemistry. electromyography, and neuromuscular S. B. Arnaud 415-694-6561 functions will be studied. The rate and completeness of recovery (199-40-32) from atrophy will also be investigated. Basic mechanisms underlying The overall goal of the Bone Physiology Program is to advance muscle atrophy will be investigated in terms of biochemical factors our knowledge of the causes and mechanisms of the immediate regulating protein biosynthesis (initiation factors, prostaglandins, and delayed effects of spaceflight on skeletal and calcium growth factors) and protein degradation. Methods for monitoring metabolism in man and animals in order to form a rational basis muscle atrophy by nuclear magnetic resonance spectral and for their prevention. Short term goals are focused on one of the image analysis will be evaluated. Specific exercise protocols, four recognized problems which occur during weightlessness; pharmacological agents, and electrical stimulation will be evaluated demineralization of bone. This may or may not be the direct as countermeasures against atrophy. consequence of the other three documented changes in calcium metabolism in astronauts: negative calcium balance, modest W87-70260 199-22-44 increases in circulating calcium and phosphorus, and calciuria. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Goals can be approached through research projects, involving MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY animal and human subjects, that emanate from a variety of R. H. Selzer 818-354-5754 disciplines in both basic science and clinical medicine. Every (199-21 -1 4) opportunity for coordinated studies with flight material is sought to This task seeks to carry out research and development of validate ground-based human and animal models for weightless- magnetic resonance (MR) techniques that can be applied to areas ness. These models can range from whole animals immobilized connected with the NASA Life Sciences program. The task has to simulate hypogravity to cell culture systems developed to pinpoint two components: an instrumentation component involving imple- the cellular response to chemical or biochemical alterations in a mentation of a magnetic resonance imaging device at JPL that I space environment. These experiments form the data base for will serve as a test bed for the future design of a flight MR predicting the physiologic effects of long term spaceflight, and for system and a clinical application component for development of I developing the countermeasures needed to ensure the health and computer methods to measure muscle mass from magnetic productivity of people who will reside in and travel to and from resonance images (MRI) obtained with existing clinical MRI space. systems. The instrumentation component is described by Task 01 and the clinical applications by Task 02. Task 01 will involve W87-70258 199-22-34 development of new and better nuclear magnetic resonance Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. (NMR) experimental procedures, achievement of better under- BONE LOSS standing of relation of basic NMR parameters to life processes, S. L. Manatt 818-354-4256 and development of NMR instrumentation that could be flown on This program seeks to develop the best approaches and a dedicated Life Sciences mission or early space station mission. instruments for in vivo bone mineral measurements that best satisfy In the first year of this Task 01, a state-of-the-art commercial NASA’s needs and to carry out studies of the extent and NMR spectrometer will be procured. Work directed toward mechanism(s) of bone mineral changes due to zero-g and development of a zero-g NMR system, improvement of NMR immobilization. This task consists of two components. The first is procedures, and formulation of life-sciences related experiments a research contract with the Medical School, University of California and protocols will be carried out. Task 02, the development and at San Francisco (UCSF), for development of a new type CT validation of a method to measure muscle volume involve imple- system for bone mineral measurements and the testing of the mentation of computer software to compute volumes from multiple latter instrument. From the performance of a prototype system cross-sectional MR images, determination of the accuracy and with one Gd-153 source and a limited detector array, a proposal precision of the measurement and testing in animal models. The for the second stage of development of the full system received technique will be applicable to problems of evaluating muscle ABS approval, and this prototype instrument is being assembled atrophy countermeasures and to the problem of pre- and post- for delivery to JSC in May 1987. The second component involves flight monitoring of muscle atrophy of space station passengers. studies with a small gamma-ray scanner at JPL with the capability Complementary efforts to this program are underway at ARC and for investigations, both in the CT and absorptiometry modes of at UCLA. ARC will obtain MR images of bedrest subjects and operation, of phantoms and standard samples. These latter will send the images to JPL for analysis, UCLA will develop an be used in the tests of accuracy and precision of the instrument experimental model with rats for testing the method. being assembled at UCSF. The potential application of the small JPL scanner for small animal and plant material studies will be W87-70261 199-22-62 evaluated. Interest in these applications of this scanner has been Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. expressed by Livermore Lab and Vestar Research, Inc. The CREW PRODUCTIVITY potential of NMR imaging and other NMR techniques for obtaining H. Clayton Foushee 415-694-6114 new fundamental information on bone mineral biochemistry will (506-57-21; 505-35-21) receive some consideration. The objectives of this program are: (1) to develop better methodological approaches to the study of group process variables W87-70259 199-22-42 in naturalistic environments; (2) to achieve, through the use of Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. these approaches, a better understanding of those factors which MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY affect group function in aerospace environments; (3) to identify R. E. Grindeland 415-694-5756 and assist in the solution of current and future operationally (199-40-32) significant group performance problems in aerospace environments; The overall aims of this research program are to determine (4) to provide guidelines for better crew reliability based upon the underlying causes for the muscle atrophy problem observed aspects of selection, organization, and training; and (5) to track in both humans and animals in space and to develop suitable the impact of these approaches so that further improvement and countermeasures. Specific objectives consist of (1) determining understanding may be obtained. These general objectives are the rate and extent of atrophy and recovery from atrophy, aimed at the production of practical guidelines for issues confronting

42 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS the U.S. space program. Heretofore, group productivity research W87-70264 199-22-92 has been of little use because it has typically been conducted in Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. sterile laboratory research environments that are not generalized VESTIBULAR RESEARCH FACILITY (VRF) to aerospace operations. Moreover, the methods of analysis and D. L. Tomko 41 5-694-5723 performance criteria have had little to do with the conduct of (199-22-22; 199-40-12) meaningful work in challenging and more often stressful environ- The Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) provides unique ments. One of the strengths of the proposed research plan is research opportunities to scientists whose work requires delivery that it is organized to integrate the best available theoretical and of precisely controlled, vibration-free rotational and linear accelera- empirical laboratory work and to test these principles in the most tion stimuli alone, or during exposure to altered-g background high fidelity environments available. It is believed that the net stimulation. In the broadcast sense, objectives of VRF's scientific effect will be knowledge that can be immediately utilized by space research program are to: (1) conduct research on effects of precise operations planners. rotational and linear accelerations on physiological mechanisms (e.g., vestibular system), during adaptation to altered background g levels provided by centrifugation; (2) define critical questions wa7-70262 199-22-71 about vestibular function which require micro-gravity studies, and Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. define methods to answer those questions; (3) facilitate planning RADIOBIOLOGY of Neuroscience flight studies, provide required ground-based pilot D. S. Nachtwey 713-483-5281 studies, and enable pre- and post-flight testing; and (4) collect This RTOP describes a long-term program of research to baseline data for the flight experiments on motion sickness, and examine the nature of the space ionizing radiation environment on vestibular or other nervous system functions affected by micro-g. and determine its consequences for manned space operations. The second facet of the VRF program is involved with hardware While currently available information is sufficient for early low development. The objectives of this part of the program are to: inclination Shuttle missions, research priorities of the attached (1) provide completed VRF hardware to support the science program are based on the assumption that long-term plans involve objectives; (2) complete VRF hardware which is under development; polar orbits, a permanently manned space station, manned sorties and (3) design and implement experiment specific hardware. to geostationary orbit, lunar bases, and manned Mars missions. Science objectives will be thus achieved by providing a unique Based on knowledge obtained from previous research under this facility which will serve as a focal point for involvement of RTOP, exposure to ionizing radiation may be the limiting factor in university-affiliated scientists, in-house scientists and engineers in both mission and career durations for space workers. Shielding performing experiments designed to support NASA's life science considerations, based upon radiobiological responses, may goals. influence significantly the detailed design and total mass of a spacecraft, especially for protection from solar particle events. To W87-70265 199-30-32 provide timely solutions to these problems in the mission planning Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. stage, the underlying research must be conducted now. A plan is BIOSPHERIC MONITORING AND DISEASE PREDICTION presented for research in specific areas of radiobiology and James G. Lawless 415-694-5900 radiation dosimetry. Specific attention is given to the effects of The objective is to employ NASA-derived technologies to study high energy heavy ions of space since the problem is unique to and model the environmental parameters which influence the NASA. A coordination effort with other NASA programs and distribution and prevalence of vector-borne diseases. A series of programs of related government agencies will augment the NASA-sponsored workshops has identified malaria as the candidate information required by NASA in its long-term radiation research disease. In situ studies will relate the environmental variables to effort. the disease vector. These environmental variables will be studied by remotely sensed data. The relationship between remotely sensed data and vector population dynamics will be established W87-70263 199-22-76 and modeled. Modeling will be in the context of a Geographic Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. Information System and used for purposes of predicting the SPACE RADIATION EFFECTS AND PROTECTION temporal and spatial occurrence of vector populations and malarial R. R. Nunamaker 804-865-2893 transmission. In support of existing and future manned space efforts, including space station, manned GEO sorties, lunar bases, and interplanetary wa7-70266 199-30-62 travel, there is a critical need to provide adequate space radiation Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. protection measures with minimum weight penalties. As a result, TROPICAL ECOSYSTEM RESEARCH comprehensive studies of the physical interactions and transport P. A. Matson 415-694-6884 of space radiations (protons, electrons, and galactic heavy ions) (199-30-72) with extended matter have been initiated. Because laboratory Our objective is to quantify fluxes of important biogenic gases radiobiological studies suggest that high-energy heavy-ions (HZE from tropical ecosystems, and to understand the sources, sinks, particles) possess unique radiation damage characteristics, and and processes that control flux out of the system. We will measure may be highly carcinogenic for chronic low exposures, such as emissions of nitrous oxide, non-methane hydrocarbons and other encountered in prolonged manned space missions, present gases in a range of sites representing major soil types, landscape research efforts are focused upon this particular component of positions (floodplains vs. upland) and disturbance types (natural the space radiation spectrum. Experimentally verified models of vs. anthropogenic). In FY87, this research will be a continuation HZE particle interaction (especially nuclear fragmentation) and of the Amazon Ground Emissions (AGE) Project. The long-term transport, necessary to determine ultimate shield requirements, goal of this project is to establish a geographic perspective on are being developed in a collaborative effort involving theoreticians trace gas flux and biogeochemical processes in tropical environ- at Langley Research Center and experimentalists at Lawrence ments. This encompasses measurement of gas fluxes from soil Berkeley Laboratory. Present research is focused upon accurately and vegetation and estimation of their importance over large areas. characterizing the radiation field inside the thick target absorber as to particle fluence, type, charge, mass, energy or velocity, and W87-70267 199-30-72 directions of travel. These models will be used to design advanced Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. spacecraft and astronaut personal shielding and will enable more BIOGEOCHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TEMPERATE ECOSY- accurate assessments of astronaut radiation exposures and body STEMS self-shielding factors to be made. The overall objective is to develop D. L. Peterson 41 5-694-5899 a Space Radiation Protection handbook of evaluated methods for (677-21-35; 677-21-31) future use in manned spaceflight. The objectives are to characterize the pathways and measure

43 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS the rates of biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phos- W87-70270 199-40-22 phorus, and sulfur in temperate ecosystems; to model these Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. processes; to identify and map through remote sensing key indices DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY diagnostic of changes in element flux; and to examine conse- K. A. Souza 415-694-5251 quences of various disturbance regimes on atmosphere-water- (199-40-1 2; 199-40-32; 199-40-27) biosphere interaction. The approach is to develop a scientific logic Gravity has been an omnipresent force throughout the evolution and framework for organizing ecosystems on gradients, such as of life on this planet. How it has influenced the evolutionary process open to closed (high to low nutrient turnover); identify and test and continues to impact the daily existence of life on this planet key indices of ecosystem state on intact, artificially perturbed is largely unknown. The major objective of this research program (fertilization, irrigation, etc.), and chronic (pollution) to abrupt (fire, is to further our understanding of the role and influence of gravity harvesting, conversion) disturbance regimes which are predictive and the lack thereof, on the processes of reproduction, growth, of element flux changes; and develop a regional data base development and aging. Specific hypotheses currently under reflecting these principles and conduct trace gas and hydrologic investigation include: (1) gravity as a determinant of pattern nutrient movement studies and models at appropriate geographic specification in amphibian and avian embryogenesis; (2) gravity scales. as required for the normal development of the musculoskeletal, nervous, and other organ systems in mammals, amphibia, anu echinoderms; (3) cytoskeletal formation as influenced by the gravity vector in a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate species; and W87-70268 199-30-99 (4) gravity as it plays an important role in the behavior and aging Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. of poikilotherms. Ground-based studies using hyper-gravity (centri- GLOBAL INVENTORY MONITORING AND MODELING EXPERI- fuges) and gravity vector randomization (clinostats) are performed MENT to develop techniques and baseline data in support of flight Compton J. Tucker 301-344-7122 experiments. Spaceflight investigations are conducted aboard the (677-21-32) STSISpacelab, Soviet Cosmos Biosatellites, and ultimately the The objective is to develop the techniques and scientific basis Space Station. for studying terrestrial renewable resources at regional, continental, and global scales with multilevel satellite remote sensing data. W87-70271 199-40-32 Satellite data will be obtained at spatial resolutions of 30m, 80m, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. 1km, 4km and 15km for selected local areas (30 and Born), regional BIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION test sites (1km), continental test areas (4 and Ekm), and the entire E. M. Holton 415-694-5471 planet (15km). These data will be analyzed to provide high (199-40-1 2; 199-40-22) temporal frequency vegetation biomass and condition information All biological species on Earth have evolved under the influence for assessing productivity and other large-scale vegetation of gravity. In response to this force, organisms have developed information of interest to global science questions such as the structures to withstand gravity loads, as well as regulatory systems Earth’s radiation budget, biogeochemical cycles and the hydrologi- which may be optimized for the terrestrial gravity level (Le., 1 G). cal cycle. The expected results include: (1) the understanding of The objectives of this RTOP are: (1) to compare and contrast large-scale vegetation response and its relationship to atmo- support structures that living systems have evolved in response spheric C02 concentrations; (2) estimates of grassland biomass to gravity and to understand both structural function and regulation; production across the entire continental ecological zones; (2) to determine whether gravity directly affects the cells regulating (3) improved documentation of forest spatial extent for selected structural mass or exerts its effect extracellularly and to elucidate tropical and boreal forests; and (4) comparisons between disease the mechanism(s) involved; (3) to determine whether temperature outbreaks of Rift Valley fever and vegetation dynamics from East regulation is gravity dependent and if the mechanisms controlling Africa for the time period of 1980 to 1985. temperature regulation are calibrated for 1 G; (4) to determine if normal terrestrial gravity plays a role in establishing basal metabolic rate and biorhythms; and (5) to use the microgravity of spaceflight to understand how organisms have adapted to gravity during W87-70269 199-40-12 evolution. To accomplish the above objectives, an integrated Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. program of ground-based and spaceflight experimentation is GRAVITY-SENSING SYSTEMS required. A wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate species must M. L. Corcoran 415-694-5574 be utilized to examine commonality of biological systems and the (199-40-22; 199-40-32) processes that organisms have evolved to cope with gravity. All life on Earth has existed under the influence of gravity. In the animal kingdom a number of different systems have evolved W87-70272 199-52-12 to sense gravity. The degree to which Earth’s gravity influences Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. the development and normal functioning of these systems is not COSMIC EVOLUTION OF BIOGENIC COMPOUNDS known. For the first time it is possible for organisms to live for T. Bunch 41 5-694-5909 prolonged periods of time without the influence of gravity. Thus, (199-52-22; 199-52-32; 199-52-42) spaceflight provides the unique opportunity for significantly The overall concept of the program is to understand the history advancing our understanding of gravity-sensing systems. The of biogenic elements (C, H, N, 0, P, S) and their compounds in objectives of this RTOP are to determine: (1) how animals sense the galaxy and the early solar system. The program has three gravity, (2) how they process and use information about gravity, basic goals: (1) Trace the physical and chemical pathways taken (3) how both short- and long-term exposures to microgravity may by the biogenic elements and their compounds from their origins affect the development, structure, physiology, and functioning of in stars to their incorporation in the pre-planetary bodies; animal gravity-sensing systems, and (4) how gravity has in- (2) determine the kinds of measurements that can be made on fluenced the evolution of g-sensing systems. To accomplish the the biogenic elements and compounds in the galaxy and solar above objectives, an integrated program of ground-based and system in order to develop theories about the formation of the spaceflight experimentation is required. The structure, chemistry, solar system and the prebiotic evolution and origin of life; and function, development, and evolution of representative graviceptors (3) determine the ways in which the physical and chemical will be studied in the 1-g environment to provide a normative properties of the biogenic elements and compounds may have database. The effects of exposure to altered-g on the structure, influenced the course of events during the formation of the solar chemistry and function of graviceptors in the adult organism, in system and the component bodies. A series of workshops has the developing organism, and in multiple generations of organisms explored major scientific questions, to determine which are can then be assessed. amenable to theoretical, experimental, observational or analytical

44 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS approaches and to recommend the major research areas of the W87-70276 199-52-32 program that are necessary to pursue defined goals and objectives. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.

These recommended research thrusts are: (1) nucleosynthesis of THE EARLY EVOLUTION OF LIFE , biogenic elements with ejection into the interstellar medium; L. I. Hochstein 41 5-694-5938 (2) chemical evolution in the interstellar medium; (3) protostellar (199-52-22; 199-52-42) collapse; (4) chemical evolution in the solar system; (5) growth of This research explores the mechanisms, processes and planetesimals from dust; and (6) accumulation and thermal environments associated with the early evolution of life on Earth processing of planetoids. as an approach for understanding life elsewhere in the universe. Two repositories of evolutionary information are examined; namely, W87-70273 199-52-22 the molecular record in living microorganisms and the geologic Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. record in rocks. Biological studies address the early evolution of PREBIOTIC EVOLUTION the complex systems that constitute the essential attributes of S. Chang 41 5-694-5733 life. Energy transduction is being studied by examining (199-52-1 2; 199-52-32; 199-52-42) archaebacteria (e.g., extreme halophiles, thermophilic acidophiles) The objective of research in prebiotic evolution is to understand and comparing their properties with those of eubacteria. The the impact of the development of Earth and other planets on the development of oxygen-requiring pathways in lipid synthesis is evolutionary sequence leading from simple chemicals to living investigated both in eubacteria and in eukaryotes. Geologic studies systems. The approaches taken to meet the objective fall into seek to elucidate earlier biochemistries through analyses of ancient two major study areas, each of which involves the use of both biological material preserved in stromatolitic rocks. The paleoenvi- laboratory experiments and computer simulations: (1) the conse- ronment (e.g., its structural setting and the chemical composition quences of planetary evolution on the physical environments of of its ocean and atmosphere) is also being described. The goal is the Earth and planets; and (2) the evolution of molecules and to understand the nature and evolution of primitive microorganisms, molecular systems under the constraints imposed by the physical especially in the context of those forces which guided the evolution environment, and by the appearance, a posteriori, of living systems of the planet itself. on Earth. Studies of Planetary Evolution assess the importance of the physical-chemical processes associated with the dynamic development of planetary surfaces, on both global and microenvi- ronmental scales, which could have been involved in, or provided W8 7 - 7 0 2 7 7 199-52-42 constraints on the development of living systems for Earth and Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. other planets. Studies of Molecular Evolution focus on the EVOLUTION OF ADVANCED LIFE energetics, dynamics and synthesis of chemicals and chemical D. Des Marais 41 5-694-6110 systems in order to elucidate feasible mechanisms by which (199-52-22; 199-52-32; 199-52-62) these systems acquired biological attributes within the constraints The goals of this research are to understand possible evolution- of the environment. ary pathways for advanced life; to examine the influence of astrophysical, stellar and solar system events on the evolution of W87-70274 199-52-26 advanced life on Earth; to investigate ancient atmospheres; and Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. to develop a program plan for a paleontological data base. This EARLY ATMOSPHERE GEOCHEMISTRY AND PHO- RTOP represents an expansion of research previously incorporated TOCHEMISTRY in the old Life in the Universe RTOP. It has now been separated Joel S. Levine 804-865-2187 out into a new RTOP dealing with studies of the evolution of The objectives are to develop a better understanding of the advanced life on Earth, set against the background of the story geochemical and photochemical processes that controlled the of cosmic evolution, and dealing specifically with the effects of composition of the atmosphere over geological time. The approach events in space on biological evolution. It also asks for the first consists of (1) the development of a geochemical flux model to time important questions about general laws which may govern investigate the transfer of carbon, nitrogen oxygen, sulfur, and the emergence of advanced life in the context of planetary chlorine species between the atmosphere, oceans, solid Earth, environments which might exist elsewhere in the universe. and biosphere over geological time; (2) photochemical calculations of the composition of the early atmosphere and its evolution over geological time; and (3) laboratory lightning experiments in various paleoatmospheric gases mixtures in the Langley Lightning Facility. W87-70278 199-5262 Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. W87-70275 199-52-31 SOLAR SYSTEM EXPLORATION Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. G. C. Carle 415-694-5765 CHARACTERISTICS OF VOLATILES IN INTERPLANETARY (199-52-22; 199-52-32; 199-80-82) DUST PARTICLES The objective of the work is to provide specific information on Everett K. Gibson, Jr. 713-483-6224 the elemental and chemical composition, mainly in respect to gases The goal of this study is to investigate the elemental and and volatiles, of the atmospheres and surfaces of solar system molecular compositions of volatiles present in interplanetary dust bodies including planets and their satellites, comets, asteroids, particles (IDP’s). Interplanetary dust is important to studies of the meteorites, and dust in space. This information is essential for origin of the solar system because it is the material from comets selecting or devising the most appropriate model for the evolution and asteroids -- the smallest surviving bodies from the early solar of the solar system and for each of the investigated bodies. Further, system. The investigation will obtain compositional information it will provide a basis for understanding the conditions necessary about the volatiles present at the time of formation of these primitive for the origin of life by comparisons of the evolution and chemistries particles. Because of the possibility that the dust particles may of these bodies. Improved methods, instrumentation, and experi- have a cometary origin, their analysis could provide information ments will be developed for in situ chemical analyses of the volatile about the volatiles associated with the dusty component present species associated with the bodies to be investigated. Special in comets. Exobiological interest in cosmic or interplanetary dust emphasis is directed to development oi the gas chromatographic particles stems from their potential for contributing to the elucidation approach since it is now proven to be among the most effective of the cosmic history of the organogenic elements (i.e., H, C, N, means for measuring complex, gaseous mixtures. Improvements 0,S, and P) that make up all living systems. Therefore, the study in gas chromatographic techniques, e.g., multiplex chromatography, of IDP’s will enhance our understanding of comets, asteroids, and components, e.g., detectors and columns, will be rigorously primitive meteorites, and the solar system along with providing an explored. Other techniques will be investigated and developed as increased knowledge of the interstellar medium. appropriate.

45 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

W87-70279 199-52-62 in environmental variables such as temperature, atmospheric gas Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. composition, light intensity, duration and quality, humidity, wind THE SEARCH FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCE speed, and the composition of nutrient medium. These investiga- (SETI) tions are also conducted to improve the methods available for B. M. Oliver 415-694-5166 increasing system efficiency, stability and control through auto- The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) program is mated sensing, data collection, and data interpretation. Data an effort which has the following five objectives: (1) to conduct collected forms a science-requirements base for the design and an extensive five-year effort to determine the most cost effective operation of the Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) I way to do SET1 and to carry out limited but significant SET1 Breadboard Project. observations, (2) to design, build, and test a SET1 prototype system, (3) to field test the prototype at Goldstone and Arecibo for initial W87-70282 199-61-41 I SET1 observations, (4) to evaluate the SET1 system for its value for radio astronomy, and (5) to explore new technologies for SETI. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. In accomplishing these objectives, telescope-SET1 hardware MAN-MACHINE ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS FOR DATA interfaces will be determined, alternative observational techniques AND FUNCTIONAL INTERFACES investigated, and various signal processing and identification Jeri W. Brown 713-483-2368 methods examined in software and optimized for implementation The objectives of this report are: to move toward quantification in hardware. The signal processing system will permit signals of of man-machine engineering data, both on the ground and in flight; natural and artificial origin to be sought over the entire sky between to continue to pursue state-of-the-art technology and to advance 1 and 10 GHz up to a maximum sensitivity of 10 to -23 watts per that technology for the purpose of creating more effective and square meter, and selected solar-type stars will be searched in efficient man-machine interfaces for manned spacecraft; and to the 1 to 3 GHz range up to a maximum sensitivity of 10 to -27 improve techniques of man-machine engineering design so that watts per square meter. The plan is divided into five hardware innovative steps may be taken toward creating better crew phases, each of which improves the prototype capability. interfaces in future vehicles. The approach taken is: to implement a series of continuing tasks to identify and implement workable W87-70280 199-61-11 instrumentation packages for acquiring quantitative man-machine engineering data in one-g, simulated zero-g, and actual zero-g; to Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. continue those efforts currently defined that lead toward definitive LUNAR BASE CONTROLLED ECOLOGICAL LIFE SUPPORT design requirements for use as inputs to the Automated Crew SYSTEM Station Design System; and to pursue feasibility studies of promising D. L. Henninger 713-483-2781 new crew interface items. Advanced solar system exploration scenarios mandate wise utilization of non-terrestrial resources and efficient regeneration of life support consumables to reduce costly, energy intensive W87-70283 199-70-12 resupply launches from Earth. The concept of a Controlled Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) to sustain human EXTENDED DATA BASE ANALYSIS endeavors in space and on other planets is central to such Christopher L. Schatte 41 5-694-6748 scenarios. Lunar Base is one of NASA’s advanced mission The objective of this effort is to further analyze spaceflight scenarios in which CELSS plays an integral role. While the general data beyond that contemplated by the investigators participating concepts of a Lunar Base CELSS and Environmental Control and in the original mission plans. Investigators will be given the Life Support System (ECLSS) for space station are similar, the opportunity to further examine the results of their flight experiments, availability of Lunar resources and anticipated activities at Lunar expand on their previous analyses or develop new approaches to Base add new pieces to the CELSS puzzle. The objective is to enhance the scientific yield of flight data. This data includes analog continue and initiate new research in support of a Lunar Base and digital information recorded during flight and biological samples CELSS. A series of tasks will investigate the uses of Lunar which have been subjected to microgravity. This RTOP also resources within a Lunar Base CELSS, providing the framework supports the publication and presentation of significant results. for a self-sufficient Lunar agricultural station as part of a manned Lunar Base. The FY-87 approach is to: (1) initiate laboratory research on the use of Lunar regolith as a terrestrial-like soil to W87-70284 199-70-22 grow higher plants, (2) investigate the formation and utility of various Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. species of special properly minerals (zeolites) synthesized from DATA ANALYSIS - EXOBIOLOGY IN SOLAR SYSTEM EXPLO- Lunar regolith, (3) convene a workshop to identify and prioritize RATION Lunar Base CELSS research topics, and (4) evaluate material, G. C. Carle 415-694-5765 mass flow, system buffering and energy requirements of a Lunar (1 99-52-52; 199-52-12; 199-52-22) Base CELSS. The objective is to provide a detailed understanding of the chemical, elemental, and structural composition of the bodies of W87-70281 199-61-1 2 the solar system, including the planets and their satellites, comets, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. asteroids, meteorites, and dust. Knowledge of these bodies is BIOREGENERATIVE LIFE SUPPORT RESEARCH (CELSS) critical to the development of new and the refinement of existing R. D. MacElroy 415-694-5573 models of the evolution of the solar system and its relationship to (199-61 -23) prebiotic evolution, and the origin and early evolution of life. Further, This RTOP supports the scientific experiments and technologi- such knowledge will allow a better understanding of what the cal investigations, and potential flight experiments necessary for prebiotic conditions were on Earth and why apparently only one the development of bioregenerative life support systems. Investiga- planet - Earth - has evolved life. Within the core mission plan of tions are directed toward the practical use of higher plants, algae, the Solar System Exploration Committee, a number of opportuni- microorganisms and physical-chemical devices for the production ties for exploring various bodies of the solar system have been of water, food and oxygen, and absorption of carbon dioxide and identified. Without exception, there will be a need to acquire waste materials in orbit or on planetary surfaces. The goal is to information important to exobiological interests during each of these insure recycling and regeneration of materials needed for crew missions. By developing interdisciplinary laboratory data bases support. Included also are studies of the control and the efficiency (inclusive of Exobiology) which are specific to these missions, of such bioregenerative systems. These investigations are con- exobiological interests can be effectively represented during cerned with the rates at which organisms or physical-chemical mission planning, development, and execution thus insuring devices produce or consume biomass, food, oxygen, carbon participation even though no flight instrument representing the dioxide, potable water, and fixed nitrogen in response to changes community has been included.

46 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

W87-70285 199-70-33 W87-70288 199-80-82 Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. MEDICAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (MIMS) ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT - FUTURE LIFE (COMPUTER AIDED DIAGNOSTIC WITH MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES FLIGHT EXPERIMENTS ' MODEL) G. C. Carle 415-694-5765 Sidney Alterescu 301-344-81 06 (199-52-52) The long term goals of this RTOP are: to develop a flexible Studies will be conducted to provide fully developed advanced format data base system which can be utilized to support flight flight instrumentation concepts and laboratory breadboards for studies to be gathered on shuttle space labs. Under this RTOP future life sciences flight experiments where accurate, comprehen- software previously developed for mainframe and mini-computers sive, and sensitive instruments and highly specialized devices will will be rewritten for micro-computers. be required. These instruments, experiment concepts, and devices are critical to the science needs of the life Sciences community W87-70286 199-80-32 to gain specific data only obtainable from space flight and Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. unaddressed elsewhere, e.g., exobiology for measurements of the VESTIBULAR RESEARCH FACILITY (VRF) biogenic elements and their compounds in solar system exploration, R. W. Mah 415-694-6538 life support for monitoring of the cabin environments of space (199-22-92) station, and space biology for advanced space station centrifuge. The objective is to develop a Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) Instrument and experiment development based on advanced Scientific Research Program which will permit scientists to conduct analytical concepts and engineering technology will be conducted. fundamental vestibular research using state-of-the-art research Feasibility studies will be performed and, based on validated capabilities. The research capabilities will also provide a wider concepts, prototypes will be constructed and tested. Experiments range of experiment stimuli than is available elsewhere. Current and instruments based on these development efforts will be theories in vestibular research are that the vestibular system is proposed for flight. intimately involved with Space Adaptation Syndrome, as it is with terrestrial motion sickness. It is believed that a fundamental W87-70289 199-80-92 understanding of the vestibular system is necessary before a Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. satisfactory prevention or cure can be derived. For this reason ATD NEAR TERM FLIGHT HARDWARE DEFINITION NASA is developing, and will make available to the science G. H. Bowman 415-694-6273 community, a state-of-the-art VRF laboratory which will provide a The objective of this ATOP is to support the preliminary design, wide range of precision controlled experimental stimuli whose early development and testing of hardware required for projected performance characteristics are unsurpassed. The development flight experiments. New hardware will be identified through the of the ground version of the VRF module is proceeding under the analysis of scientific objectives and requirements described in the guidance of the VRF Science Advisory Committee. The hardware, responses to the Announcement of Opportunity (AO), and through instrumentation and support equipment are housed in a specially previous flight experiences. The newly identified hardware will constructed vestibular research laboratory. The ground version of undergo further detailed requirements definition, an assessment VRF includes many, but not all, of the stimulus and recording of available state-of-the-art components, a conceptual design, and modes of the flight version. The milestone schedule is to have finally, breadboarding and testing. After the prototype has been the VRF science laboratory available for the scientific community developed the Life Sciences Flight Experiments Program will to use in FY86 as described in the VRF Project Plan dated June assume the responsibility for developing the flight hardware. 1984. This RTOP is transferred to 199-22-92. W87-70290 199-90-62 W87-70287 199-80-34 Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. SPACE STATION LIFE SCIENCES ULTRASOUND IMAGE ENHANCEMENT R. D. Arno 415-694-6640 J. A. Rooney 818-354-3942 The Objective of this RTOP is to integrate Life Science activities (199-1 0-24) in space station research, in order to be certain that the Space The basic objective of this research is to apply digital image Station Research Facility will accommodate a wide range of high processing techniques to ultrasound images obtained in collabora- priority experiments. The areas of particular interest include tion with the French. Use of image processing techniques biochemical research, gravitational biology, animal research, developed at JPL may permit quantification and improved display exobiology and biospheric research. Numerous scientific and of these medical ultrasound data. Such improvements will lead to engineering studies are being conducted to identify representative the extraction of additional data of clinical interest from the scientific experiments which would be appropriate for the space videotapes. The specific objectives of this task include development station. The equipment and facilities to conduct these experiments of collaboration between Centre National #Etudes Spatiales will then be evaluated. These representative experiments would (CNES) and JPL, the examination of compatibility of existing JPL then be grouped into various payload scenarios for planning processing software with existing French 2-0 ultrasound instrumen- Purposes, to determine the space, crew time, power, stowage, tation, development of a system to process the ultrasound data waste materials, and other factors important in outfitting a Life from the French and finally, development of an integrated Science Laboratory Module. In addition, the results of the science operational system. The approach to be used is divided into three and engineering definition studies will serve as a basis for the phases. Phase 1 will include the development of hardware and future development of the flight hardware for space station. This software interfaces between the French hardware and the JPL RTOP was transferred from 199-80-02 in FY86, and is transferred image processing facility, the testing of methods for 2-D image to UPN 805 in FY87. enhancement and quantification, and the determination of specifica- tions for a system to process flight data. It will include development W87-7029 1 199-90-68 of image processing methodologies for feature extraction and Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. quantification. Phase 2 will involve the extension of the image LIFE SCIENCES EDUCATION processing to 3-D. Phase 3 will include transfer of the software R. Lynn Eondurant, Jr. 216-433-5583 and hardware requirements. In addition, consideration will be given The objective of this RTOP is to add 6 titles to a 13 part to advanced processing for potential future work. This effort will NASA educational TV series which is intended to summarize NASA permit us to continue to work with the French ultrasound team, Life Sciences Research to date in order to disseminate new NASA collaborate with them in areas where they have identified a need information about Life Sciences to schools nationwide via satellite and to provide a capability that will strengthen both the interna- and public television. In addition, the programs would distribute tional and U.S. Space programs. other Life Sciences knowledge to the schools in support of the

47 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

President‘s goal to enhance science and engineering education in particle data, and (5) analysis and development of models relating the nation’s schools. (The Space Act of 1958 also requires NASA to plasma wave processes in multispecies plasmas. to distribute its findings on a wide basis.) The approach is to bring Life Sciences experts to Lewis to videotape interviews with W07-70295 442-20-02 them. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. DATA ANALYSIS - SPACE PLASMA PHYSICS W07-70292 199-90-71 L. F. Burlaga 301-344-5956 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. The basic objective is to study the observed properties of the INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH interplanetary medium and the magnetospheres of the Earth and Joseph P. Kerwin 713-483-3503 other planets and to identify and understand the physical pro- The Life Sciences Directorate at Johnson Space Center is cesses operating within and between these regimes. This is responsible for the development of a comprehensive biomedical achieved by processing, analyzing and interpreting experimental research program in support of manned space flight. This broad, data derived largely from flight programs after funding from project multidiscipline mandate to acquire new knowledge is directed offices has terminated, permitting the long-term phenomenological toward the acquisition of definitive data regarding the effects of studies, comparisons of data with new theories and models, the space environment on life systems in order to define the correlative studies of data obtained from various satellites and ground-based observatories, and the deposition of additional data I critical physiological and psychological variable which must be integrated into the overall considerations of spacecraft designers in the National Space Sciences Data Center (NSSDC). The and mission planners. The objective of the interdisciplinaryresearch essential data to be used in this investigation include measurements RTOP is to provide flexibility in the accomplishment of this goal. of magnetic fields, plasmas, energetic particles, plasma waves and radio radiation. These data are used to determine the various dynamical and energetic states of the interplanetary medium and the magnetosphere and to assess the transport and deposition of Solar Terrestrial SR&T matter and energy within and between these physical regions. These basic properties and processes are then used in the study of specific geophysical phenomena such as interplanetary sectors W07-70293 442-20-01 and flows, energetic particle acceleration, auroral current systems, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. and magnetic fields and plasma in the plasma sheet and the I ATMOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE-MAGNETOSPHERE INTERAC- magnetotail. Basic theory complementary to the data analysis effort , TIONS is carried out in the areas of kinetic plasma physics and the R. E. Hartle 301-344-8234 motion of charged particles in the electric and magnetic fields. The basic objective is to study the observed properties of the ionosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere and inner ww-70296 442-20-04 magnetosphere, to identify and understand the physical and Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. chemical processes operating in these regimes, emphasizing how ENERGETIC PARTICLES AND PLASMAS IN THE MAGNETO- they interact. This is achieved by processing, analyzing and SPHERES OF JUPITER AND SATURN interpreting experimental data derived largely from flight programs T. G. Northrop after funding from project offices has terminated, permitting the The overall objective of this study is to gain an understanding study of long-term phenomena, comparison of data with new of the sources, sinks and dynamics of charged particles (electrons, theories and models, correlative studies of data obtained from ions, and charged dust grains) in the magnetospheres of Jupiter, various satellites and ground based observatories, and the Saturn, Earth, Uranus and pulsars. This work will apply plasma deposition of additional data in the National Space Science Data theory and the theory of charged particle motion to data taken by Center. The essential data to be used in this investigation include Pioneers 10 and 11, and by Voyagers 1 and 2. Included is a electron densities and temperatures, ion and neutral composition, study of the effect of particle stability on the gross structures in neutral winds, ion temperatures and drifts, electric fields, magnetic Saturn’s rings, structures which have not been explained by purely fields, electromagnetic radiation and energetic particles of magnet- gravitational forces on the ring material by Saturn and its moons. ospheric and ionospheric origin. These data are used to determine We have prior to now been successful in pointing out the possible the various interrelated chemical, compositional, dynamical and role of electromagnetic forces combined with gravitational forces energetic states of the ionosphere, exosphere, thermosphere and in producing some major changes in optical depth with radius mesosphere and the transport and deposition of mass, momentum observed by the Voyagers. We will extend this work to derive a and energy in and between these physical regions. These basic model for the equilibrium of charged dust grains in a ring system. properties and processes are then used to analyze specific Such a model is needed to complete the identification of the geophysical phenomena such as: atmospheric escape, electric field inner edge of Saturn’s B ring with the inward stability limit of such induced ion drifts in the ionosphere, chemistry and dynamics of grains in the ring plane. The stability calculation, being linear, is mid and high latitude troughs, auroral substorms, ionospheric much simpler than the equilibrium, which is non-linear and probably storms, Joule heating, PCA events, tidal and gravity waves, involves solution of the Poisson equation in the presence of depletion and filling of plasmasphere, ionospheric electrodynamic field-aligned currents through Saturn’s ionosphere. An explanation processes, equatorial bubble formation, SAR Arcs, etc. of how an equilibrium (stable or unstable) might occur would make the identification much more convincing. W07-70294 442-20-01 Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. W07-70297 442-36-55 SPACE PLASMA DATA ANALYSIS Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. C. R. Chappell 205-544-7591 PARTICLES AND PARTICLE/FIELD INTERACTIONS The objective of this RTOP is an adequate understanding of Keith W. Ogilvie 301-344-5904 the dynamics of low-energy plasma in the Earth’s magnetosphere. The object of this research is to increase the knowledge and This research involves the analysis of data from spacecraft and understanding of non-thermal plasmas occurring in the in- ground-based laboratory investigations. This individual RTOP terplanetary medium and magnetospheres of Earth and other consists of a coordinated set of tasks which includes: (1) analysis planets. This requires continuous improvement of measurement of the Light Ion Mass Spectrometer data from the NASAIDOD techniques, concentrating on advanced concepts of plasma SCATHA satellite, (2) laboratory simulation of plasma flow around detectors, ion mass discriminationat high energies, magnetometers different objects, (3) modeling of thermal plasma processes, and radio and plasma wave analyzers. Work is also under way to (4) analysis of data and development of models relating to the improve the theoretical description of plasma properties, and to effects of spacecraft plasma sheaths upon low-energy charged improve techniques for the interpretation of the results of space

40 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS plasma experiments, requiring corresponding improvements in GISMOS storm. Results will be compared with satellite and numerical techniques and in methods of data display. ground base observations and be extensively interpreted; (3) participate in the future CDAW 8 workshop at Goddard Space W87-70298 442-36-55 Flight Center. Like previous CDAW workshops, fruitful collaboration Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. between various groups of theorists and experimentalists should SPACE PLASMA SRT result from studying the same event; (4) improve and refine our T. E. Moore 205-544-7633 self-consistent model based on experience from steps (1)- The objectives of this and another closely related RTOP are (3) above; (5) develop a comprehensive graphics package in to develop space plasma instrumentationfor automated spacecraft, support of the model and take first steps to make the model and sounding rocket, and shuttle payloads. To accomplish these graphics package available to other investigators. objectives, the following tasks will be performed (1) further develop, by addition of a radio frequency mass analyzer, the Differential W87-70301 442-36-56 Ion Flux Probe (DIFP) instrument to be used for the measurement Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. of multiple directed, low-energy ion streams. This techniques has PARTICLE AND PARTICLE/PHOTON INTERACTIONS (AT- been applied in laboratory wind tunnel studies, rocket flights into MOSPHERIC MAGNETOSPHERIC COUPLING) the aurora, and shuttle-based studies. Several future flight James P. Heppner 301-344-8797 opportunities exist; (2) design and develop an advanced Low- The objective is to develop experimental and theoretical Energy Ion Mass Spectrometer for the measurement of low-energy approaches for investigating the processes which provide strong plasma distributions in the ionosphere and magnetosphere. coupling between the neutral atmosphere, the collision dominated Instruments have been flown on several sounding rockets. An ionospheric plasma, and the collisionless magnetospheric plasma. angle scanning, differential energy analyzer with variable energy Within the framework of this overall objective, specific sub- bandwidth will be developed for future applications; (3) continue objectives are identified in terms of having: (1) key significance, development of a low-energy electron analyzer tailored to measure- (2) goals which are attainable with limited resources, and (3) close ment of positive spacecraft floating potential. This concept has ties to future projects and programs. Emphasis is placed on electric been successfully demonstrated in the laboratory and will be fields and the associated transport and energization of particles upgraded to flight-quality hardware. that occurs within the Earth’s magnetic and gravitational fields. Related topics include: electric fields in the Earth-ionosphere cavity, W87-70299 442-36-55 the transformation of atmospheric ions to trapped radiation, auroral Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. particle acceleration mechanisms, plasma instabilities producing MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS - PARTICLES AND PARTICLE/ ionospheric irregularities, etc. Improved instrumentation is being FIELD INTERACTION developed for low light level observations of tracer chemicals, A. Barnes 41 5-694-5506 measurements of low energy particles and electron temperature The overall objective is to investigate the solar wind, its and density measurements. Properties of double probes in low origin, termination, dynamics and turbulence, as well as its density plasmas are being studied. Models for the injection, interaction with planetary obstacles. Theoretical studies will be diffusion, and transport of tracer particles are being developed for conducted, aimed at understanding the large-scale dynamics of planning and interpreting future chemical release experiments. the solar wind, its acceleration and heating mechanisms, and waves and turbulence in the solar wind. These studies employ known W87-70302 442-36-57 theoretical techniques of plasma physics and magnetohydrody- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. namics, and also often require extensions of basic theoretical PARTICLE ACCELERATOR FACILITY: MAINTENANCE AND plasma physics. Theoretical developments will be related to OPERATION OF A CALIBRATION FACILITY FOR MAGNETO- spacecraft plasma and magnetic data, as well as to indirect SPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL EXPERIMENTS observations of the solar wind. Theoretical studies of the solar S. K. Brown 301-344-5795 wind-Venus interaction will be conducted. The GSFC Parts Branch operates a nuclear particle calibration facility consisting of a 2 MeV Van de Graaff and a 250 keV W87-70300 442-36-55 electrostatic accelerator. The facility provides particle energies from Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. 50 eV to MeV, and protons via reactions to approximately 20 MeV. QUANTITATIVE MODELLING OF THE MAGNETOSPHERE/ Particle beams available range from electrons to Kr84, with fluxes IONOSPHERE INTERACTION INCLUDING NEUTRAL WINDS from approximately 1 particle/cm2 sec to approximately 10 M. Hare1 618-354-4205 particle/cm2 sec. It has been a unique facility in the world in this A theoretical investigation of ionosphere-magnetosphere low-energy region. Some of its abilities are now duplicated up to coupling is conducted to evaluate the effect of neutral ionospheric 350 keV by an accelerator at MPI Lindau. For several years, all winds on plasma convection in the magnetosphere, and the driving work in this facility has been in support of magnetospheric and of these neutral winds by magnetospheric plasmas during sub- solar terrestrial programs. Although some X-ray work began this storms. In the first phase of this investigation, which has been year, over the past five years, machine time has been split fairly completed, passive and interactive self-consistent models for the evenly between calibration and testing of satellite experiments, terrestrial ionosphere and magnetosphere were developed. These testing and development of new particle detector systems, and models combine the time-dependent Rice Convection Model with sounding rocket payloads. Machine usage in the previous 12 a storm-time neutral wind model developed by Dr. J. Forbes of months has held steady or increased slightly about 25% of full Boston University. The models were tested for quiet-time and working weeks. The machines were operated at least once per substorm periods during the Controlled Data Analysis Workshop week for more than 30 weeks during the last year, including (CDAW) 6 and GISMOS events and yielded very realistic currents maintenance, set up for incoming instruments, etc. and electric fields at mid- and low-latitudes. The objective during this second phase of the study is to expand the storm simulation wa7-70303 442-36-58 activity to include the CDAW 8 events. Simulation of the GISMOS Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. event of January 18 to 19, 1984 will be continued, using newly- THEORETICAL STUDIES AND CALCULATION OF ELECTRON- obtained convection patterns from National Center for Atmospheric MOLECULE COLLISION PROCESSES RELEVANT TO SPACE Research (NCAR). The GISMOS simulations and interpretation are PLASMA PHYSICS in collaboration with many other theoretical and experimental A. Temkin 301-344-8091 groups. The following steps are planned for FY-87: (1) define the The objective of this RTOP is to do calculations of electron- polar cap boundary and potential distribution based on the NCAR molecule scattering, primarily vibrational and rotational excitation study of the GISMOS event; (2) use these new boundary conditions of molecules of atmospheric (terrestrial and planetary) importance, and improved wind fields (from Roble) to run our model for the and also astrophysical utility in the general category of space

49 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

(plasma) physics. The ultimate aim is to calculate collision cross and international preparations for the 1988 Space Services WARC section with N2, 02, and CO. Under present investigation e-N2 with primary emphasis on the FSS, and secondary emphasis on scattering is of obvious atmospheric interest. Specifically the the BSS and the MSS. (2) Support domestic and international vibrational excitation of N2 is important in understanding the MSS planning. (3) Conduct the described activities within the mechanism causing stable auroral red (SAR) arcs. It is also framework and schedules of the applicable CClR Study Groups, important in understanding the secondary photoelectron flux and the special preparatory committees established in the United the electron heating rate in the ionosphere. N2 is also a chief States, and the national and international meetings called to support constituent of the atmosphere of Titan and the excitation cross preparations for the Conferences. Efforts planned are a combina- section is expected to be important in understanding its spectral tion of in-house and contract activities. features. We shall next consider the CO molecule. CO is the second most abundant molecule (after H2) in the galaxy. Since W87-70306 643-10-01 H2 is invisible and since CO tracks H2 and (via its J = 1 0 transition) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. is visible at intergalactic distances its excitation mechanisms are SPECTRUM AND ORBIT UTILIZATION STUDIES important in understanding aspects of the interstellar medium. A. Vaisnys 818-354-621 9 Collisions with electrons are expected to be important on the (643-10-05) interface between H2 and H II regions. Finally we shall calculate The objective of this RTOP is to insure the growth of space e-02. It is clear even without discussion that 02 is vital to the applications by providing the technical basis to obtain sufficient understanding of many atmospheric terrestrial phenomena. 02 is orbital positions to meet current and projected requirements. The also an important constituent (together with CO) of the atmosphere result of this work will be used by NASA and other government of Venus. agencies for the purpose of supporting CClR and the 1988 World Administrative Radio Conference; in making decisions on frequency and orbit utilization and assignments, Earth-station and satellite Sounding Rockets-Solar Terrestrial approvals; and in providing for the growth of existing and new multi-purpose satellite services. The specific objective for FY87 is to support NASA Headquarters with the analysis of achievable W87-70304 44511-36 satellite antenna performance characteristics; specifically to Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. determine a practical specification for sidelobe characteristics. The SOUNDING ROCKETS SPACE PLASMA PHYSICS EXPERI- approach is to survey the available techniques for sidelobe MENTS reduction, provide analytical studies on their effectiveness, James P. Heppner 301-344-8797 interact with antenna manufacturerson cost/performance tradeoffs, The objective is to perform measurements and experiments and define a practical sidelobe specification which would be that will lead to an understanding of the interactive processes proposed as the new CClR standard. that occur between neutral gases, plasmas, energetic particles, and electric fields in the atmosphere, ionosphere, and near-Earth W87-70307 643-10-03 magnetosphere. Sounding rockets provide the only access for in Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. situ measurements in the lower ionosphere (altitudes below PROPAGATION STUDIES AND MEASUREMENTS 200 km) and middle atmosphere regions (30 to 90 km). Emphasis E. K. Smith 818-577-6820 is also placed on measurements and experiments that utilize the (643-10-01; 650-60-15; 643-10-05) unique characteristics of sounding rocket trajectories and/or the Radio wave propagation effects in the Earth-space environment low cost, quick reaction sounding rocket approach which permits must be understood and accounted for in the design and specifica- program flexibility. Historically, this approach has logically been tion of space communications systems. The Propagation Studies extended to include: (1) piggyback experiments on orbiting vehicles, and Measurements program provides the focal point for national (2) experiments involving sounding rocket flights in association with activities which support NASA's applications programs, develop- simultaneous satellite measurements in selected geometrical ment of prediction models, frequency allocation recommendations, coincidence between trajectories, (3) flight testing of new instru- orbit and spectrum use decisions, system specification and mentation and measurement techniques, (4) shuttle flights of low performance criteria related to space communication. The objec- cost, rocket type payloads, and (5) investigations of the electrody- tives of the NASA Propagation Studies and Measurements Program namics of middle atmosphere (Le., below 90 km) using sounding are to provide an understanding and analysis of the basic rockets for deploying payloads which descend via parachutes. propagation mechanisms which hinder reliable Earth-space com- munications, and to develop predictive models for the quantitative evaluation of propagation effects in the bands allocated for space Technical Consultation and Support Stud- applications. The objectives of the program are accomplished ies through participation in the Mobile Satellite Experiment (MSAT-X, 1400 to 1600 MHz), the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS, 30 to 20 GHz), the work of the International Radio W87-70305 643-10-01 Consultative Committee (CCIR), in propagation and the preparation Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. for World or Regional Administrative Radio Conferences (WARCs SPECTRUM AND ORBIT UTILIZATION STUDIES or RARCs), and in the preparation of overview material. The work J. W. Bagwell 216-433-3502 of the program consists of three types of activities: (1) Propagation The objectives of this RTOP are to: provide technical consulta- measurements and experiments, (2) Analysis and modeling of tion services support in the area of space communication services propagation effects, and (3) Propagation assessment and evalua- with particular emphasis on preparing for international meetings tion. The first activity involves flight experiments or simulated flight relating to the fixed-satellite service (FSS), the broadcast-satellite experiments; the second is concerned not only with the analysis service (BSS), and the mobile-satellite service (MSS); provide the and publication of results from the first, but also with theoretical technical basis and regulatory support needed to obtain sufficient studies and use of other data bases; while the third is characterized orbit/spectrum to meet current and projected requirements of by CClR contributions, and the propagation handbooks for slant NASA and the United States; and perform studies, develop paths. analytical methods for spectrum management, conduct evaluations, identify technology status and needs, perform critical technology W87-70308 643- 10-05 developments, perform measurements (where necessary) to Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. determine sharing criteria, and evaluate alternatives that result in ADVANCED STUDIES efficient and cost-effective use of the geostationary orbit/spectrum A. Vaisnys 818-354-621 9 resource. Specifically, these activities will: (1) Support domestic (650-60-15; 643-10-01; 643-10-03)

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The objectives of this RTOP are to provide studies of system W87-70311 646-41-02 concepts leading to the growth of advanced communications Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. satellite system services, other than provided by MSAT projects, APPLICATIONS EXPERIMENTS PROGRAM SUPPORT and to ensure the compatibility of NASA’s communications flight James W. Bagwell 21 6-433-3502 ’ programs with other space and terrestrial services. The technical (646-41-03; 643-10-01 ; 643-10-02; 643-10-03) objectives of this RTOP for FY87 are to continue system concept The objectives of this RTOP are to: (1) coordinate with other design and analyses on: (1) integrated aeronautical, maritime and Federal agencies and public sector organizations in the develop- land mobile satellite system, and (2) satellite based data collection ment of experimental satellite communications activities for and interactive data networks, and (3) intersatellite links. The emergency/disaster communication and public service applications, division of effort among these areas will depend on: (1) results of (2) assist users in the transition from the NASA experimental the studies underway in FY86, and (2) agreement between NASA satellites to commercial satellites where continuity of service can and FAA on the support and funding to be provided in the be assured, (3) demonstrate Applications Technology Satellite aeronautical satellite area. With the key NASA communications (ATS) technology and its applications for other governmental satellite projects such as ACTS and MSAT-X progressing, this agencies and the public service sector, and (4) develop new RTOP will examine advanced system concepts to be developed techniques and applicable hardware for use with other appropriate into full-scale technology projects and will be coordinated with Government-owned satellites. To meet these objectives in the MSAT-X project and related RTOPs. Areas of study are: multiser- development and transfer of satellite communication technolo- vice/multifrequency satellites and platforms, satellite based data gies, the approach will be to conduct satellite demonstrations and collection and interactive data networks, integrated optics/ experiments using appropriate satellites and engage in direct microwave/laser system, intersatellite links, etc. For the integrated interaction with potential and ongoing users of the spacecraft. aeronautical, maritime and land mobile satellite system, examined This interaction will identify users’ needs requiring the development are functional and operational requirements of each service, of new technologies. frequency sharing techniques, system design issues to meet substantially different requirements such as per-channel EIRP, channel assignment time, security requirement, Doppler compensa- Advanced Communications Research tion, data quality, channel condition, etc. For data collection and interactive data networks, existing satellite based networks are surveyed, small customer premises terminal technology will be W87-70312 650-60-15 examined, a traffic model will be established mainly for existing Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. data base and required orbital and frequency capacity will be MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT determined. Intersatellite link tradeoffs will be examined with an F. M. Naderi 818-354-5095 emphasis on optical links. (643-10-01 ; 643-10-03; 643-1 0-05) This RTOP outlines a technology development program aimed W87-70309 643-1045 at efficient utilization of orbit, spectrum and EIRP for future Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. generation mobile satellite systems (MSS). There are five technol- ADVANCED STUDIES ogy areas of concentration: (1) Vehicle antennas - The objective J. W. Bagwell 216-433-3502 here is to develop mechanically and electronically steerable (643-10-01; 650-60-26) antennas which provide a moderate gain (10 dBic) and through The objectives of this RTOP are to: (1) identify and define directivity provide sufficient isolation so as to permit two or more new applications for communication satellites; (2) define preliminary satellites to operate in the same frequency band without interfer- concepts, configurations, requirements and costs of alternative ence; (2) Digital voice - The objective is to develop vocoders operational systems for new applications; (3) identify the tech- which can produce commercially acceptable digital voice (near nologies required to permit the implementation of advanced toll quality) at 4800 bps rate; (3) Digital modem - This activity is operational communication satellites; (4) formulate preliminary plans aimed at developing a bandwidth efficient modem which in for developing the required technologies; and (5) support appropri- conjunction with the above mentioned vocoder can transmit ate initiatives in the FCC, IRAC, CClR or ITU for new space 4800 bps voice in a 5 kHz power limited mobile satellite fading communications applications. The approach is to formulate and channel; (4) Network architecture - The objective is to investigate carry out in-house and contracted studies to meet the objectives. multiple access and network management protocols and standards These studies will be of a scoping nature and will address the which efficiently utilize the resources of an integrated voice and technical, economic and institutional/regulatory feasibility of data mobile satellite network; and (5) Channel characterization - operational systems. This effort is aimed at characterizing the mobile satellite channel through propagation experiments and modeling. The above activities are accomplished through in-house JPL effort and a mix Experiment Coordination and Operations of industry and university contracts. A series of experiments is being planned to test the technical and operational validity of the Support equipment being developed. As the above technologies are developed and validated, they will be phased into the evolving mobile satellite network and indeed will accelerate its initial W87-70310 646-41-01 introduction. Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. EXPERIMENTS COORDINATION AND MISSION SUPPORT W87-70313 650-60-20 James W. Bagwell 216-433-3502 Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. The objective of this effort is to provide the technology, skills, SPACE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS ANTENNA and services necessary for the conduct of a meaningful experiment TECHNOLOGY program using advanced communications satellite technology. The James W. Bagwell 216-433-3502 approach is to: (1) Investigate and evaluate transitional and low The objectives are to conduct Supporting Research and cost techniques for providing Earth terminal systems for the conduct Technology development on antenna systems and components of experiments using satellites incorporating advanced communica- for advanced geostationary communication satellites and suppor- tions technologies. (2) Investigate wideband, high data rate ting Earth terminals. Previous efforts under this RTOP have communications experiments between spaceborne laser transmit- resulted in the design, fabrication, and testing of POC models of ters and ground or aircraft receiver platforms. (3) Supply equipment both ground and satellite antennas. Current efforts will involve the updates and operational in-house support of the communications study, design, fabrication, and testing of advanced antenna systems research facilities at LeRC. and Components using monolithic microwave integrated circuit

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(MMIC) devices for applications requiring increased Performance W87-70317 650-60-26 I and reduced costs. Requirements for future systems will also be Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. assessed. The emphasis will be on identifying and then applying ADVANCED STUDIES and focusing available MMIC device technology in those areas J. W. Bagwell 216-433-3502 where impact is both desirable and feasible in the near term. (643-10-05; 650-60-20; 650-60-21; 650-60-22; 650-60-23) The objective of this RTOP is to establish the requirements/ rationale and provide a focus for NASA's communications tech- W87-70314 650-60-21 nology program consistent with the overall goals, objectives and Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. thrusts of NASA's Communication Program. The strategy is to: SATELLITE SWITCHING AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (1) assess current and future telecommunications needs and James W. Bagwell 216-433-3502 opportunities; (2) assess applications, concepts and configurations (650-60-20; 650-60-22; 650-60-23) to meet those needs/opportunities; (3) define technology develop- The object of this RTOP is to develop the switching technology ments and experiments needed to enablelrealize new or enhanced for the routing of signals (message traffic) aboard multibeam, satellite applications and systems; and (4) define and develop multichannel communications satellites and accompanying technol- advocacy for suitable advanced communications technology ogy for cost effective implementation of Earth terminals. To development programs and experiments to be undertaken by develop spectrally efficient, high data rate modulation technology. NASA. The approach is to conduct in-house and contracted studies To develop low to medium data rate adaptive modem technology. to assess needs, determine system requirements, and define future To develop high performance components for architecturally satellite services and systems (both space and ground segments) advanced spaceborne communications processing and routing requiring advanced communications technology. The output from systems. Work includes: (1) multiple contracts to develop ad- these studies is used to plan and guide future communications vanced modulation technology and burst demodulators for the technology development. space and ground segments using bandwidth efficient concepts and cost reducing techniques, (2) a contract for high speed, power W87-70318 650-60-26 efficient serial to paralleVserial converters using GaAs technology, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. (3) multiple contracts to develop low to medium rate demodula- ACTS/LASER COMMUNICATIONS EXPERIMENT: LASER tors that are adaptive to a broad set of practical and desired set INTERSATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS PROOF-OF-CONCEPT of modulation types, and (4) high speed decoder development. (POC) DEVELOPMENT Lois 0. Caudill 301-344-5608 The objective of this RTOP is to support the Advanced W87-70315 650-60-22 Communications Technology SatelliteILaser Communication Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. Experiment (ACTSILCE). The ACTS/LCE is a joint NASAIMIT- RF COMPONENTS FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS Lincoln Laboratory program which has the goal of placing a laser SYSTEMS communication terminal on the ACTS spacecraft to demonstrate James W. Bagwell 216-433-3502 and test both coherent (MIT) and non-coherent (GSFC) laser (650-60-23) communication technology. The non-coherent laser communication The objectives are to perform supporting research and technology was developed under the POC phase (FY82-FY86) of technology development in the area of space related RF compo- the RTOP. The GSFC has the responsibility to develop and nents including power amplifiers, low noise receivers, and other deliver to the MIT-LL the flight hardware necessary to carry out components identified as required for the effective application of the non-coherent portion of the ACTS/Laser Communication 30120 GHz and other frequency bands. Current efforts are aimed Experiment. The GSFC portion of the ACTS Laser Communications at improvements in performance of 20 GHz TWT's, 20 GHz low Experiment is known as the Direct Detection Laser Transceiver noise receivers, and solid state power amplifiers and devices, By (DDLT). This RTOP will fund both the flight segment and a means of both contracted and in-house efforts. the approach is portion of the ground segment of the DDLT. to develop analysis and synthesis techniques for the above space program components; apply the developed techniques to determine the basic characteristics of components meeting specified require- ments; fabricate experimental components; and test and evaluate Information Systems fabricated components.

W87-70316 650-60-23 W87-70319 656-11-01 Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. COMMUNICATIONS LABORATORY FOR TRANSPONDER SA6 TESTBED PLANNING DEVELOPMENT J. Urena 818-798-5997 James W. Bagwell 216-433-3502 The Science and Applications Information System (SAIS) Test (650-60-20; 650-60-21; 650-60-22) Bed Program is an initiative under the SAlS to systematically employ The objectives are to design and develop a laboratory test user expertise as part of the SAlS systems engineering process. facility to be used to test communication system components and This activity will actively engage the user community at NASA, subsystems, and to provide laboratory simulations of TDMA academia, and industry in the task of investigating, developing, multibeam satellite communications systems; to further develop and validating functional requirements for the design of the space prototype ground terminal systems for use with advanced com- station. The proposed approach consists in the systematic test munication satellites; and to design, develop, and test 30 GHz and evaluation of end-to-end system technologies and operational uplink, frequency translator and 20 GHz downlink communications procedures through rapid prototyping and test beds. The exercise system, including transmitting and receiving ground terminals, and of these test beds by the user Community will serve to assess satellite segments. Continuous bit stream rates of nominally the feasibility of new technologies and their application to the 27.5 Mbps and 220 Mbps will be used to modulate the links. SAIS, and provide the ground to validate new Telescience End-to-end calculations will be made. Software simulation results operational concepts and research analysis procedures. Initial will be compared with the hardware simulation results. Upon activities include the development of a SAlS Test Bed Program completion, network control methods will be added and burst data Plan, coordination of planning and concept development between transmissions will be tested and evaluated in both hardware and the science community and computer science disciplines in the software. Specific testing in support of the ACTS Program will be identification of test bed areas, and of requirements for technology carried out as the need is defined. applications and evaluations.

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W87-70320 656-11-02 tions library software developed by MPP users; and maintain and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. operate the MPP and its VAX host computer. A baseline effective STANDARD FORMAT DATA UNIT and reliable MPP system will be made available. E. Greenberg 81 8-354-3387 This RTOP supports the continued development of the W87-70323 656-13-50 Standard Format Data Unit (SFDU) concept. The SFDU concept Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. is focused on the establishment of standardizable techniques for PILOT LAND DATA SYSTEM identification, aggregation and description of space acquired data. E. P. Paylor 818-354-2867 This activity is coordinated with the activities of the Consultative (677-41-24; 656-62-02; 656-1 1-01 ; 656-13-40) Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) and provides a basis The objective of the Pilot Land Data System (PLDS) project is for NASA recommendations on the establishment of an interna- to develop and implement a prototype state-of-the-art data and tional standard. The SFDU concept focuses on providing the information system to support research in the land related sciences methods and mechanism for: (1) establishing data product that will lead to a permanent research tool. The capability is to specification standards (Le., construction techniques), (2) establish- be general, inter-center, and be based, to the extent possible, on ing standardized data products (i.e., secondary headers, status existing technology. The purpose of this particular task is to reports), (3) establishing data administration/control services, and coordinate the PLDS work ongoing at JPL, funded directly by (4) development of standard data services (i.e., software support GSFC, and provide support to the PLDS system engineering services for data transport, data aggregation, and data presenta- technical area for developing system and science requirements tion). This concept provides the foundation for the interchange of and for developing Build 1. PLDS is a multi-NASA center activity data between heterogeneous data systems to support the transfer led by GSFC. JPL personnel will continue to participate in the of data between NASA data facilities and distributed data users. PLDS Design and Science teams. JPL personnel will maintain an In addition the concept supports the development of selected up-to-date set of science requirements and jointly determine the standard data products for exchanging data between NASA data functional requirements before any implementation and evaluate facilities (i.e., keyword records for data catalogs). the results. Liaison and coordination with other ongoing projects, such as the AVIRIS/lmaging Spectrometer, high-dimensionality W87-70321 656-1 1-02 processing, SAR, hypercube, EOIS, SAIS, and the other Pilots will Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. be maintained. STANDARD FORMAlTED DATA UNIT - CCSDS PANEL 2 J. 1. Vette 301-344-7354 W87-70324 656-13-50 The main objective of this work is to reduce the costs of Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. finding and processing the diverse space data sets that are required PILOT LAND DATA SYSTEM (PLDS) to do multi-mission and multi-disciplinary research. This will be William Likens 41 5-694-5596 pursued by working vigorously as part of Panel 2 of the Consultative (656-42-01 ) Committee for Space Station Systems (CCSDS). The work of this Additional T43’s for Ames Research Center (ARC) work on panel is concerned with data interchange structures and the this RTOP are being submitted by Goddard Space Flight Center Standard Formatted Data Unit (SFDU) concept is the most (GSFC). The objective is to build a prototype distributed data system promising approach to solve the stated problem. The final products for processing land science data. This system would be built to of CCSDS are Recommendations, based on technical considera- explore issues in constructing a full-scale system for supporting tions of its panels, that permit each member agency (NASA, ESA, all NASA land science data processing being carried out at NASA DFVLR, CNES, NASDA, ISRO, and INPE) to write standards. The centers and associated universities. This work is managed by SFDU approach involves defining a flexible structure and construc- GSFC. The ARC responsibilities are for establishment of a computer tion rules so that all digital data sets which are interchanged are network, development of user documentation, and for appropriate incorporated into this structure. In addition, the information needed system interface software and hardware. The objective of the Pilot to describe and work with the data set in question must be Land Data System is to emphasize link-up of existing computer registered at a Control Authority (CA) and the material must also facilities currently used in land science data processing. be available there. Each agency is expected to set up a hierarchy of CAS and the SFDU structure will provide the pointer to the W87-70325 656-20-26 proper CA for the data set. The final step of the process is to Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. have the information above be written in a data definition language MPP SOFTWARE (SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS) (DDL) that can be interpreted by the user’s computer. In this way J. R. Fischer 301-286-5184 the user will have direct access to the foreign data set without (656-13-25) having to write any software and can immediately begin applying The objective is to assist the Massively Parallel Processing his application software to this data. Once standards for SFDUs, (MPP) Working Group projects to be completed successfully. The CAS, and DDLs are in place, this mechanismlsystem should reduce approach is to develop MPP applications library routines as well costs significantly. Panel 2 is planning to complete four documents as features of the MPP system software, as requested by the in N87 provided adequate support is available. The first of these Working Group. An MPP user support office and two user is a report describing space data systems operations using SFDUs conferences are also provided. which will provide the overview. The second document will be the final CCSDS product for SFDU structure and construction rules, W87-70326 656-25-01 an approved Recommendation. Control Authority Procedures will Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. be published as a draft Recommendation, which means that it EOS HIGH RATE DATA SYSTEM TESTBED will undergo each agency’s review. The DDL document rounds D. A. Nichols 818-354-9012 out the list and its level of maturity is hoped to be at the draft (656-62-01; 404-79-02) Recommendation stage. This RTOP establishes the beginning of a testbed program which will address issues of accommodating extremely high data W87-70322 656-13-25 rate and volume instruments in the Earth Observing System (EOS) Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. Data and Information System (EOSDIS). The approach includes MPP MAINTENANCE/OPERATIONS the important concept of utilizing the EOS pre-cursor missions J. R. Fischer 301-286-5184 (e.g.. SIR-C,D and SISEX) in an evolutionary preparation for EOS (656-20-26; 656-44-06 656-44-10) operations. There are four major objectives of the testbed program: The objectives are to: maintain the MPP hardware and system (1) design and validate approaches to highly rate-sensitive software available to its user community; maintain the MPP unique functions, such as instrument sequence planning; (2) develop the system software developed by OAST; maintain selected applica- capabilities necessary to control the High Resolution Infrared

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Sounder (HIRIS) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instruments; W87-70329 656-44-10 (3) support the EOSDIS design activity by providing prototyping Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. and critiques of planned rate-sensitive functional elements and ADVANCED SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE interfaces; and (4) provide an environment conductive to the Y. C. LU 301-344-9510 constructive, iterative involvement of the scientific users of these The objective is to develop portable software to establish a high data rate experiments and facilities. The approach to be distributed image processing environment across microcomputer taken by the testbed program in meeting these objectives will be based workstations, minicomputers and super computers, and to to identify prioritized tasks as guided by the existing data system provide functions needed to support advanced telescience for and mission designs, maximize the use of on-going data system space station information processing system. The approach is to: development activities and precursor flight opportunities, and utilize the Transportable Applications Executive (TAE) as standard develop experiments, demonstrations, and prototypes to take interfaces that are user-friendly to allow access to image processing advantage of those activities and opportunities. The first major environment by geographically and scientifically diverse users testbed activity will be a demonstration of telescience (which throughout the multi-disciplinary science community; create a includes near-real time remote instrument control), during the software link between the microcomputer workstations, the Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR)-C mission, utilizing extensions to the minicomputers, and the super computers so that a user at the SIR-B/SIR-C data management system. Telescience is considered workstation can conveniently perform image processing on either a high priority because it is an essential element of high volume the local workstation, the mini, or the super computer; investigate data rate management strategies, utilizes the Earth Science need for decentralizing the TAE catalog manager to facilitate file Network, and is highly rate-sensitive. manipulation across all computers; implement selected image processing functions (already on a mini) on a micro computer and a super computer; improve the portability of the Image Analysis W87-70327 656-31-05 System (formerly Land Analysis System) and port the system to Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. different computers and to run on different host operating NASA CLIMATE DATA SYSTEM environments; and continue user support through the TAE support Paul H. Smith 301-344-5876 office. Expected results for FY-87 are: implementation of a The NASA Climate Data System (NCDS), previously known prototype distributed multi-disciplinary image processing system on as the Pilot Climate Data System (PCDS), was first implemented three types of computers, and conversion of image processing in FY-82 as the Pilot Climate Data Base Management System. In system and its subsystems to new architectures to improve FY-83, data manipulation utilities and graphics tools were added transportability. to the initial catalog, inventory, and data access capabilities, and direct support for scientific researchers began. During FY-84, this W87-70330 656-62-02 support was expanded to meet the needs of specific user groups Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. within the Space and Earth Sciences Directorate (formerly the HIRE DATA PROCESSOR Applications Directorate) of GSFC. In FY-85, this support was also J. E. Solomon 818-354-2722 provided for several researchers outside of Goddard Space Flight (506-54-55) Center (GSFC), including university scientists. During FY-86, a The objective of this task is the implementation of hardware transition plan from the pilot system development phase to the and software technologies required for support of the Earth Orbiting operational research support phase was initiated in conjunction Satellite (EOS) High Resolution Imaging Spectrometers (HIRE) with the Earth Science and Applications Division. During this system with respect to both on-board and ground data proces- transition, PCDS has continued to support the specific science sing. Given the extremely high instrument data rate (980 MBits/ user groups, expanding the direct support of specific universities. sec), and the resulting large volumes of data, concurrent processing During FY-87, this transition will be completed while continuing technology will be required to address both on-board signal support for specific science user groups (in particular a few processing needs and ground data system processing require- universities), sharing the operations and maintenance of the ments. A major objective of this work is the implementation of a computer facility on which the NCDS resides, maintaining system concurrent processing environment within which to evaluate both software and databases, and providing additional software tools algorithmic and systems issues associated with HlRlS on-board and data sets. In order to support increasing needs of the current and ground data processing requirements. The approach to be users and additional users from the science user groups, the NCDS taken in this work consists of the following three elements: will also need to dramatically increase the available computer (1) Implementation of a combined Multiple Instruction Stream/ resources, especially on-line storage and computing power. Multiple Data (MIMD)/Single Instruction Stream/Multiple Data (SIMD) concurrent processing environment; (2) Development of data compression and information extraction algorithms suitable W87-70328 656-42-01 for HlRlS on-board implementation; (3) Evaluation of hardware Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. requirements for ground data processing through Level 3; and WORKSTATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (4) Demonstration of end-to-end HIRE processing utilizing Air- W. C. Likens 415-694-5596 borne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data. (656-13-50) Scientific workstations are small microcomputer systems W87-70331 656-80-01 tailored for specific scientific data processing needs. Typically, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. these are small single user systems. Small microcomputer systems PLANETARY DATA SYSTEM dedicated to supporting a single scientist are becoming more J. T. Renfrow 818-354-6347 prevalent due to the low cost of new microcomputers. A major (656-11-01; 656-13-40; 656-13-50; 155-20-70; 656-44-11) task of NASA workstation R&D efforts is to develop and implement The overall objective of this RTOP is to conduct evaluations NASA science specific software on commercially available worksta- of technologies which can be used in solving the data problem of tions. The objective of this work is to enhance productivity of the planetary science community and to do these evaluations within OSSA sponsored workstation R&D efforts. This would be ac- Science Testbeds which are run by working planetary scientists. complished by minimizing duplication of effort between workstation The detailed objectives of this RTOP are to: develop system R&D groups. Resources freed in this manner can then be tasked concepts and evaluate these concepts and also appropriate to further efforts that might not otherwise be accomplished. To technologies to support the archiving and accessing of planetary be successful, this effort will require a high degree of joint planning science data by the planetary science community; have the actual and sharing of results. The means for effecting this will be an users of the technologies try out and evaluate at their home intercenter workstation R&D committee, and a series of planning institution the technologies being studied and develop and and information exchange workshops. demonstrate the efficacy of data administration, data format, and

54 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS data nomenclature standards for use across the full spectrum of W87-70335 672-31-02 future planetary missions and data restoration activities. To meet Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. these objectives a three fold approach will be used. This includes AEROSOL FORMATION MODELS development of system components and applicable technologies 0. 8. Toon 415-694-5971 to test and validate functional and performance requirements and (672-32-99) serve as testbeds for technology. These system and technologies The objectives of the work are: (1) to simulate the ambient components will be developed in such a way that the ability to stratospheric aerosol layer and the El Chichon volcanic cloud, incorporate these components into the operational Planetary Data (2) to extend the knowledge gained by studying the El Chichon System (PDS) is maximized. The scientists involved in the project cloud to larger eruptions, and (3) to begin to play a role in NASA actually will use the testbeds to perform science functions. studies of water clouds and their effects on the radiation balance. Development, validation, and demonstration of data standards in The volcanic cloud and ambient simulations will be compared with the development of optical disks and planetary science data observations, and will be used to create input data sets for catalogs and data bases are presented. climate models, to test data sets for internal consistency and to better determine the physics and chemistry of the stratosphere. The model offers the best means of extrapolating the knowledge Climate Research gained from the El Chichon eruption to other eruptions of greater or lesser magnitude. A three-dimensional model of stratospheric aerosols was developed which includes all the physics needed to treat dense volcanic clouds and the ambient stratospheric W87-70332 672-2 1-99 aerosols as well as the chemistry needed to simulate the ambient Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. atmosphere. A chemistry package is being developed to simulate AEROSOL AND GAS MEASUREMENTS ADDRESSING the chemistry in dense clouds. Also, considerable work was done AEROSOL CLIMATIC EFFECTS to obtain a wind field from the 1982 NMC data that will be suitable R. F. Pueschel 41 5-694-5254 for transport studies and a radiation code was developed to drive The goal is to advance the understanding of aerosol effects a stratospheric dynamics model that will be used to investigate on climate, and to focus especially on the effects of major volcanic radiative interactions between the volcanic cloud and stratospheric eruptions and major tropospheric hazes such as the Arctic haze. winds. This is done by collecting, analyzing, interpreting and publishing data on the aerosol particles and precursor gases that constitute or form the hazes of interest. The U-2, ER-2, C-130 and the DC-8 W87-70336 672-31-12 are used as platforms to access the subject aerosols. The physical Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, New York. and chemical properties of the aerosol particles are determined EXTENSIONS AND TESTING OF THE HYDROLOGIC PARA- in-situ with commercial and in-house-developed sensors. Optical METERIZATION IN THE GISS ATMOSPHERIC GCM properties of the hazes are derived from these measurements Anthony D. Del Genio 212-678-5588 invoking light extinction theory. The overall objective of this work is to test and improve the capability of the Goddard Institute for Space Science (GISS) general W87-70333 672-22-06 circulation model (GCM) to reproduce critical aspects of global Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, New York. hydroclimatology, via the development of new diagnostic methods EXPERIMENTAL CLOUD ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES for evaluating the cycling of moisture in the model and the William Rossow 21 2-678-5567 implementation of subgrid-scale fluctuations in the model’s ground (672-10-02) hydrology parameterization. Principal elements of the approach The objective is to test cloud analysis algorithms, particularly are: (1) Development of a tracer model version of the GCM which that used as the International Satellite Cloud Climatology (ISCCP) can follow the trajectories of atmospheric water vapor molecules operational algorithm, for cases which present difficult problems from source to sink locations. (2) Comparison of model-simulated such as the polar regions, and develop new cloud analysis precipitation depth, duration, and storm intervals to observations techniques. The approach is to test ISCCP results in polar regions at selected locations. (3) Formulation and testing of the effects of against available aircraft data and multispectral radiative analysis subgrid-scale soil moisture variations in the GCM ground hydrology parameterization based on observed precipitation probability density of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. Test ISCCP results by radiative model comparisons to First International functions and field studies of storm catchment areas. Satellite Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment (FIRE) observa- tions of cirrus and marine boundary layer clouds; develop methodol- W87-70337 672-32-02 ogies to infer cloud-radiative feedbacks from ISCCP data; improve Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. understanding of utility of current and planned satellite observations CLIMATE MODELING WITH EMPHASIS ON AEROSOLS AND for determining polar region cloudiness; and infer cloud-radiative CLOUDS feedback from ISCCP climatology. T. P. Ackerman 41 5-694-5233 (672-31-99) W87-70334 672-22-99 A coordinated set of theoretical, laboratory, and field investiga- Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. tions of the chemical and radiative properties of clouds, natural RADIATIVE EFFECTS IN CLOUDS FIRST INTERNATIONAL (e.g., volcanic), and man-made atmospheric aerosol particles are SATELLITE CLOUD CLIMATOLOGY REGIONAL EXPERIMENT conducted in order to assess their impact on regional and global F. P. J. Valero 415-694-5510 climate. The field investigations are intended to provide com- The interaction of radiation with clouds plays a fundamental plementary information on clouds and aerosols to that being role in the Earth’s energy budget. The objectives of this work are obtained from spacecraft platforms (e.g., SAM, SAGE II AND SME) to study the measurement and modeling of the interaction of so as to insure that a comprehensive set of properties is gathered radiation and clouds - including radiative flux divergence profiles, for climatic analyses. The theoretical and laboratory tasks are optical depths, total/diffuse radiation field determines and particle directed at interpreting and utilizing the data sets to perform the size distribution in stratus and cirrus clouds. It is a fundamental desired climatic assessments. The centerpiece of the field objective of this work to validate satellite-acquired radiative data. investigations is a set of coordinated experiments which are flown Measurement will be made using aircraft as instrument platforms together on an appropriate aircraft platforms. Both theoretical during the First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Regional modeling and laboratory studies are used to define the mechanisms Experiment (FIRE) deployments. From the above measurements, of aerosol and cloud formation, to provide hypotheses that can the significant radiative energy parameters are determined and be tested by the field investigations, and to provide ultimately used in radiative transfer modeling to validate model prediction. predictive tools. Theoretical investigations involving radiative

55 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS transfer, dynamics, and formation are utilized for making the climatic W87-70342 673-62-04 assessments. Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, New York. CHEMISTRY OF STRATOSPHERE W87-70338 672-50-99 Michael Prather 21 2-678-5625 Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. The proposed research should contribute to the knowledge of AYES MULTI-PROGRAM SUPPORT FOR CLIMATE RE- chemical processes in the stratosphere. It may be expected to SEARCH resolve some of the current discrepancies between observations R. Pueschel 415-694-5254 and theoretical models. Task 1 consist of global CH4-CO coupled (672-21-99; 672-31-99 672-32-99) system: continued development and refinement of the 2-D The objective is to consolidate Ames Multi-program Support diagnostic model for OH, CO and CH4, including estimates of the (MPS) costs for the Ames 672- UPN so that charges need not be impact of Nuclear Microprobe for Hydrogen (NMHCs) on global made against individual RTOPs in the UPN. The 672- UPN supports atmospheric chemistry. The model will be used to study the cause the study of atmospheric aerosols through observational and of trends in CO/CH4 over the last two centuries. Task 2 consists theoretical tasks. These include assessments of the impact of of transients in stratospheric chemistry: modeling the photochemi- stratospheric aerosols on climate, understanding the role aerosols cal environments observed from balloon soundings of the strato- play in the chemistry stratosphere, evaluating the aerosol compo- sphere, investigating the thin layers observed in H20 profiles. Task nents of pollution, and determining their composition and mode of 3 consists of Ultraviolet (UV) transmission in the stratosphere: formation. The 672-22-99 is an addition to this year’s consolidation re-evaluation of UV transmission in the S-R bands of 02, using of MPS charges. laboratory data and high resolution solar spectra. This work should more clearly define photolysis of 02 and NO in the stratosphere.

W87-70343 673-64-04 Stratospheric Air Quality Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, New York. STRATOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND TRANSPORT Michael Prather 21 2-678-5625 The proposed research emphasizes the 3-D transport of W87-70339 673-42-01 chemically active species in the Stratosphere. Work will center on Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. the development of the 21 -layer chemical transport model for the ANALYSIS OF TROPOSPHERE-STRATOSPHERE EXCHANGE stratosphere. Task 1 consists of 21-layer tracer model: development L. Pfister 41 5-694-5491 and validation of stratospheric chemical tracer model based on The overall goal of this work is to improve the understanding experience with similar tropospheric models. The chemical model of the role of small scale motions in stratosphere-troposphere will be limited to photolytic destruction of species such as CFCs exchange in the tropics. Specifically, analysis will be made of and N20. Comparison will be made with observations. Task 2 aircraft, radiosonde, and satellite data from the 1977 and consists of stratospheric chemistry: parameterization of a complete 1980 NASA field experiments in Panama and the 1987 NASA ozone chemistry for use in the stratospheric tracer model. Task 3 field experiment in Micronesia to: (1) examine the structure of consists of perturbated atmospheres: relying on the 21-layer ozone, temperature, and water vapor within, around, and above General Circulation Model (GCM) simulation of C02 and 03 cumulus anvils; (2) establish the presence, during the experimental perturbations to the stratospheric circulation, using chemicals to period, of various potential mechanisms of exchange, such as assess the impact on lifetimes of long-lived tracers and on ozone. direct injection by cumulus, gravity wave fluxes, and turbulent fluxes; and (3) evaluate quantitatively, if possible, the mass of air transferred by these mechanisms during specific transport events. Space Processing Science and Spacelab Payload Development W87-70340 673-61-02 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. MESOSPHERIC THEORY W87-70344 674-21-06 R. W. Zurek 818-354-3725 Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. The goal of this task is to better understand the interaction of ELECTRONIC MATERIALS, VAPOR GROWTH AND LOW-G photochemistry and mass transport in the terrestrial upper GRAVITY TECHNIQUES atmosphere. The approach is to develop in collaboration with Y. A. L. Fripp 804-865-3777 Yung (Caltech) and M. Allen (JPLKIT) a 2-D interactive model (694-80-70) containing coupled chemistry and transport relevant to the The objective of this research is to gain a better understanding stratosphere and mesosphere. This model would then be used to of the role of fluid dynamics in the growth of crystals by vapor simulate and interpret the observed distributions of photochemically transport. Both theoretical and an experimental investigation will important atmospheric trace constituents observed from airborne be conducted. Model materials may be used to simulate actual and spaceborne platforms. crystal growth systems. This work is of a fundamental nature and will support the science base needed to design space flight W87-7034 1 673-61-03 experiments. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. STRATOSPHERIC DYNAMICS W87-70345 674-2140 R. E. Young 415-694-5521 Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. The objectives of this research are to increase the under- ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL MATERIALS standing of the dynamics, thermodynamics, and composition of I. C. Yates 205-544-1997 the Earth’s stratosphere, and to investigate the mechanisms by In any crystal growth system, an important problem is that the which trace species are exchanged between troposphere and compositional and/or thermal fluctuations in the fluid phases cause stratosphere. The research will involve a combination of theoreti- compositional inhomogeneities and defects in the growing crystal. cal and observational studies. Global and mesoscale circulation Where these fluctuations are caused by convection and sedimenta- models will investigate transport and exchange processes. Satellite tion, they can be reduced in low gravity. Therefore, the major data analysis will be used to characterize wave and transport objectives of this crystal growth program are to: (1) understand phenomena in the stratosphere. Meteorological and diagnostic the role of gravity and determine limitations in Earth’s gravity; analysis will be conducted in support of aircraft measurement (2) determine and demonstrate advantages to be obtained by programs, such as the Troposphere-Stratosphere Exchange growing crystals in space; and (3) apply the findings to help solve experiment. problems in the crystal growth of electronic and optical materials.

56 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

The types of growth that will be explored in this program include Station. The JSC Bioprocessing Laboratory will perform portions melt, solution, vapor, and float zone growths. Crystal growth by of the research and coordinate the projects among several major solidification from the melt is the most widely used technique for universities and medical schools. Access to the CFES Unit will be high technology single crystalline materials. The success of the provided by the McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co. (MDAC) at technique depends on the control of the composition, temperature, the Bioprocessing Research Center at Houston (BRCH) via the and morphology of the solidification interface. Advantages of this University of Texas Health Science Center. JSC will analyze results, technique include the control it provides over the temperature of coordinate scientific publications, and aid Principal Investigators in growth. In the vapor approach, there are two distinct mechanisms using the information in the conduct of on-going flight experiments. for growing a crystal: physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor Scientific data will be used to formulate new proposals for flight deposition (CVD). Floating zone crystal growth is accomplished experiments or groundbased applications of the technology. by supporting a polycrystalline rod at both ends; melting a portion of it with a moving heater, and growing a crystal behind this wa7-7034a 6?4-23-oa zone. Finally, growth from aqueous and ternary solutions pro- Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. ceeds with the incorporation of solute into the growing crystal BIOTECHNOLOGY interface and offers flexibility for the choice of growth temperatures. V. H. YOSt 205-544-1998 The long-range objective is to utilize the environment of space wa7-70346 674-22-05 to separate, purify or crystallize and analyze biological products. Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. The intermediate objectives are to develop the required technology COMBUSTION SCIENCE and to expand the base of knowledge involved with processing Kurt Sacksteder 216-433-2857 biologicals in space; to identify, evaluate and select the most The objective of the Combustion Science program is to obtain promising processes; and to explore new areas of separation an understanding of fundamental combustion phenomena where technology. Separation and purification procedures which have low-gravity analysis and experimentation can be of use in: been found to produce inadequate results on the ground because (1) isolating the gravity related mechanisms; (2) determining the of gravity-dependent problems will be investigated. More specifical- influence of mechanisms normally obscured by gravitational ly, this program will: (1) determine possible advantages of the effects; (3) creating unique system configurations that provide low-gravity environment for separation, purification, crystallization favorable symmetries or boundary and initial conditions; or and characterization of biomedical materials; (2) design, develop, (4) determining the controlling mechanisms of low-gravity systems manufacture and test experiment apparatus to conduct experiments for in-space applications. The Microgravity Combustion Science in low-g; (3) apply ground/flight knowledge to the improvement of Discipline Working Group provides advice to focus the effort on bioprocessing procedures on Earth; (4) develop broad and strong those areas of Combustion Science where maximum benefit can collaborative interactions with research scientists; and (5) identify be anticipated through low-gravity research. Principal Investigators and explore new techniques of separation or bioprocessing that from the academic and industrial communities and from NASA might be enhanced by low gravity. The research is directed toward LeRC are chosen to develop analytical or numerical models of answering these fundamental questions. selected combustion problems. Using the results of theoretical analysis, a Principal Investigator defines and performs normal- wa7-70349 674-2445 gravity and low-gravity experiments to obtain scientific data within Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. the constraints of ground-based laboratories. Experimental and FLUID DYNAMICS AND TRANSPORT PHENOMENA theoretical results are reconciled and evaluated to determine if A. Chai 21 6-433-2073 together they provide an accurate model of the combustion The objective of the fluid physics and transport processes phenomena under study. When the limitations of ground-based research related to materials science is to investigate fluids laboratories preclude conclusive testing of theoretical analysis, the behavior and apply the knowledge to materials processes so that Principal Investigator defines experiments requiring the long- better understanding of these processes can be accomplished. duration low-gravity environment of space. Additional analyses and The approach is to focus efforts in two main areas in which fluid ground-based experiments are performed to determine the nature behavior effects materials processes in a major way, Le., transport and feasibility of the apparatus required for the space experiment processes and thermodiffusocapillary phenomena. Several idea- and a specification of the data to be obtained using the apparatus. lized simple systems were chosen to establish initial modeling The Principal Investigator prepares a Science Requirements work. The goal is to confirm and refine initial modeling by numerical Document and participates in the preparation of a Conceptual simulation and experimentation in-space experiments, in particular. Design of a space experiment which together will summarize the The laboratory work and modeling activities will be directed toward justification and feasibility of that experiment. the development of science requirements and conceptual design for flight experiments. wa7-70347 674-23-01 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. wa7-70350 674-24-06 BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. Dennis R. Morrison 713-483-4086 PACE FLIGHT EXPERIMENTS (694-01-01) Joseph C. Moorman 804-865-3661 This research will establish the data base for formulation of The basic purpose of the PACE (Physics and Chemistry new Biological separation flight experiment proposals, and establish Experiments in Space) program is to facilitate the utilization of appropriate ground control experiments. These objects are space as a laboratory in which to carry out basic research in the designed with five objectives: (1) Gain a better understanding of areas of Physics and Chemistry. There are currently 15 experiments basic science questions uncovered by microgravity separations, in the program in the areas of Fluid Physics, Critical Phenomena, cell culture and cell product separation direct from various culture Combustion, Soil Mechanics and Relativity. The objectives of this media; (2) Define and screen new candidate cell types or cell RTOP is to provide the support to these 15 experiments required products for possible electrophoretic separations or cell culture to facilitate their development through the conceptual design phase experiments using the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System and to support them through the flight development phase with (CFES) or the Cell Culture Bioreactor; (3) Study unique bioprocess Science Peer Reviews and Science Peer Advocacy. limitations caused by gravity dependent phenomena and determine practical limits of improvements expected by biological processing wa7-70351 674-25-04 in microgravity; (4) Explore new research applications of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. biological target materials and new technology innovations; and METALS AND ALLOYS (5) Define and develop analytical methods and requirements for D. D. Elleman 818-354-5182 Biotechnology research facilities planned for the U.S. Space The Metals and Alloys Research and Technology Operating

57 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

Plan consists of five tasks. The principal objectives of each of the objectives of the study are to: (1) identify various aspects of tasks are discussed below. The Electrostatic Containerless solidification phenomena that may be affected by gravity-drive Processing Technology task objective is development of the flows, (2) devise and conduct critical experiments in both increased science and technology base required for contactless positioning gravity as well as in space, and (3) impact the field of metallurgy and manipulation of high-temperature materials using electrostatic by fundamental knowledge through devising better control strate- and electrophoretic forces. Experimental and theoretical investiga- gies. Multicomponent metallic systems involve a first-to-freeze tion is being conducted of the following systems: hybrid electrostatic component which nucleates and begins to grow, causing the acoustic positioning module, high-temperature electric pole composition ahead of the solidification front to change dramatically. levitator, focused radiator furnace, and the hot wall furnace for Where it is infeasible or undesirable to provide controlled gradients low density samples. The Containerless Studies of Nucleation and for a planar solidification front, dendritic growth results. Thus, Undercooling task objectives are to utilize containerless manipula- concentration is one of the more fundamental problems involved tion technologies to perform: (1) undercooling and heterogeneous in the formation of dendrites. Directional solidification affords a nucleation experiments on low melting pure metals and alloys degree of control because of undirectional thermal gradient can and organic compounds and glass formers; and (2) measurements be imposed and growth rate regulated. Another important class is of the physical properties of undercooled melts. Experimental the monotectic alloys which have a region of immiscibility. Finally, methods are based on acoustic levitation techniques using gaseous nucleation and rapid solidification of deeply undercooled melts and liquid hosts. The Metallic Glass Research in Space task will be pursued by containerless melting and solidification. objective is to develop an experiment to determine thermodynam- ic properties of bulk metallic glasses over the entire undercooling W07-70354 674-26-01 region. The primary scientific objective is to measure the specific Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. heat of undercooled bulk metallic glass systems. Other objectives HIGH TEMPERATURE, CONTROLLED REDOX STUDIES include measurements of the rate of homogeneous nucleation and Richard J. Williams 713-483-2781 the evaluation of crystal-melt interfacial tension and, in the long The objectives of this work are to provide support for the term, development of metallic glasses into a viable industrial and ground-based laboratory studies by those local and other investiga- commercial material. The Crystallization of Freely Suspended tors under the Flight Hardware (UPN 694-01) portion of the Spheres and Shells task objective is to conduct both ground based Microgravity Program. Basic laboratory capability will be maintained and reduced gravity experiments required for understanding: metal so that investigators planning flight experiments can conduct ground spheres used in sintered metals; silicon spheres used in solar studies using proto-flight equipment. Services and supplies will be cells; water droplets freezing in the atmosphere; and crystallization provided to local and guest investigators for experiment execution of bubbles and shells. Such geometries are important in construc- and analysis. As they are approved by Headquarters on the basis tion of laser fusion targets and low density sintered shells which of peer reviewed proposals, researchers will be funded to conduct have great potential for lightweight structural materials. The studies in their own laboratories and will be given access to the Multimode Acoustic Research task objectives are: (1) to develop local facilities as required. theoretical acoustic models of these levitation classes; and (2) to provide experimental validation of these models using research W87-70355 674-26-04 levitation devices. These new levitation principles provide us with Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. advanced alternative methods for positioning and manipulating GLASS RESEARCH molten materials, which may lead to rapid cooling, separation of M. C. Weinberg 818-354-2690 levitation and rotation capabilities, and the selection of arbitrary The objective of this RTOP is to establish the scientific axes of rotation. framework for the identification and evaluation of potential flight experiments via ground-based experimentation and mathematical W87-70352 674-25-05 modelling. In FY-87 work will be pursued in the areas of nucleation Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. and crystallization phenomena in glasses and gel-derived glasses. METALS AND ALLOYS The objectives for FY-87 are: (1) to continue the study of Hugh Gray 216-433-3230 homogeneous crystal nucleation in lithium diborate glass; (2) to The objective of this project is to conduct fundamental research study surface crystallization phenomena; and (3) to investigate on the solidification of metals and alloys in order to improve our the competition between glass formation and phase transformation understanding of phenomena such as macrosegregation, microse- processes in gels. gregation, dendritic growth models, and undercooling. The ultimate goal is to use this understanding to improve current or develop W87-70356 674-26-05 new theories, models and improved ground-based materials/ Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. processes. The near-term targets are: (1) to determine the role of GLASSES AND CERAMICS gravity-driven convection on the problem of macrosegregation in Stanley Levine 21 6-433-3276 commercial alloys, with initial tests being conducted on Pb-Sn The objective of this program is to identify and initiate model alloys leading towards a series of shuttle flight experiments fundamental research in the areas of glasses and ceramics. The on nickel-base superalloys; and (2) to investigate the effects of first effort consists of a study of the effects of gravity on the containerless processing in order to understand the influence of combustion synthesis of ceramics and alloys. Phase immiscibility undercooling on resulting alloy microstructures and to evaluate in glasses has been targeted for an in-house research effort. the potential of bulk undercooling as a solidification process. This effort will consist of a phased approach ground based research W8 7- 7 0 3 5 7 674-2646 program in laboratories, flight hardware definition, development Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. and space experiments. This program builds on the extensive OAST GLASSES AND CERAMICS R and T base in the areas of solidification processing and evaluation L. B. Gardner 205-544-1993 of advanced high temperature alloys which exists at the Lewis The objectives of this activity are to: explore novel techniques Research Center. This program involves focused joint LeRC/ and applications for containerless processing of glasses and university/industry cooperative/advisory efforts. refractory materials; understand the limitations imposed by the gravitational field; and evolve meaningful flight experiments which W87-70353 674-2546 extend processes beyond gravity limitations. Containerless process- Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. ing in space requires low level levitation forces to compensate for METALS AND ALLOYS microgravity acceleration and maintain position of the sample. The R. E. Black 205-544-1983 central reason is the elimination of extraneous effects from contact Control of the solidification of metals and alloys is keyed to with solid containment walls. The implementation of appropriate gravitational effects such as buoyancy-driven convection. Thus the experiments will involve the following: (1) a 31-meter drop tube at

58 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

MSFC provides 2.6 seconds of free fall for solidifying molten The objectives of this RTOP are: to provide the necessary droplets up to several mm diameter; (2) a single axis acoustic management and support manpower to implement the Microgravity levitator developed which uses a high4 driver with a single Science and Applications (MSA) research and technology develop- resonant frequency; (3) a three-axis acoustic levitator has also ment effort; and to provide the MSA program with an effective been under development involving three mutually orthogonal drivers means of interacting with the various scientific communities which produce a three-dimensional sound field (spherical energy involved for the purpose of: making them aware of the research well) in a tuned cavity; (4) a 10 kW electromagnetic levitator opportunities offered by the MSA program; stimulating their interest facility, which by careful coil design maximizes Grad BIB, is in and active involvement in the program; gauging their response to use to levitate samples with a minimum of heating; and (5) the scientific results being obtained by the program; identifying aerodynamic levitation using a jet of air from a carefully designed research areas in which the program should concentrate; initiating nozzle used to suspend highly reactive samples. in-house research activities in selected topics pertinent to the MSA program; and evaluating the ongoing research effort. MSFC will W07-70350 674-2745 ensure the necessary professional and supporting manpower to Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. implement the MSA research and technology development effort. MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE RESEARCH LABORATORY Also, the stated objectives will be met by actively involving the L. Greenbauer-Seng 21 6-433-5013 various research communities in the MSA program through working The objective of this project is to operate and maintain a groups, seminars. and workshops, science reviews, and a visiting dedicated, well equipped Microgravity Materials Science Laboratory scientist program. In addition, scientific goals and accomplishments (MMSL). This laboratory will provide visiting scientists, from industry of the program will be documented and disseminated to the science and universities, access to experimental equipment configured to communities in the form of a published bibliography and catalog simulate Shuttle flight-type hardware. The availability of this of tasks. experimental equipment and technical support provided by MMSL staff will help the scientist obtain a better understanding of their materials experiment in a lg (low gravity) environment. Needs for Geodynamics Research and Technology materials characterization, advanced computations, mechanical Development testing, etc., will be met using existing Lewis research capabilities. The laboratory will be a site for visiting scientists to conduct experiments as precursors to the use of other ground-based W07-70363 676-30-05 microgravity facilities, such as the drop towers and research aircraft, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. or in preparation to qualify an experiment for a NASA Space EARTH STRUCTURE AND GEOPHYSICS Shuttle flight. C. F. Yoder 818-354-2444 A wide range of geophysical investigations are proposed, W07-70359 674-2045 including analysis of tectonic processes (focused on brittlelductile Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. deformation along the Pacific-N. American plate interaction zone) GROUND EXPERIMENT OPERATIONS and topography of the core mantle boundary and its connection Jack Salzman 21 6-433-2868 with decade scale changes in earth rotation. The two major The objective of the Learjet/Drop tower support effort is to research elements covered here are: tectonic processes: a provide the manpower, equipment and facility support necessary comprehensive and integrated research approach is emphasized, to perform in-house reduced gravity experiments. Experiments are combining quantitative modeling and qualitative synthesis of diverse conducted to support both principal investigator studies and LeRC data types. The principal tasks include: (1) synthesis of geologic, (Lewis Research Center) in-house studies in combustion science tectonic, geophysical and geodetic data to develop kinematic and fluid physics. models of block rotations and translations; (2) investigation of block rotation mechanisms within the brittle crust and complex W07-70360 674-20-00 motions occurring within the ductile lithosphere at depth along Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. plate boundaries; (3) model thermal and mechanical characteristics GROUND EXPERIMENT OPERATIONS of Baja/S. California to determine connection between rifting of R. E. Black 205-544-1983 Baja and origin of the Big Bend in the San Andreas; and This RTOP covers work in the area of defining, developing, (4) application of a strike-sliplthrust fault serni-analytic technique and conducting experiments using the low-gravity capabilities of to study local motion of the Vandenberg fixed Very Long Base the drop tube, drop tower, KC-135, and F-104 aircraft. Such Interferometry (VLBI) base station. Topography of the core-mangle experiments may be in themselves complete investigations to boundary: Shall be directly extracted from combined study of develop new knowledge or to prove theories, or they may serve a P-wave, PKP, and PcP seismic waves using the tomography precursors for more extensive experiments to be conducted in technique. The completed P-wave study constrains density space. This RTOP also includes studies and experiments to define variations in the mantle but not undulations of the core-mantle the effects of various levels and durations of acceleration interface, which shall be obtained from the PKP/PcP wave perturbations on microgravity experiments. tomographic study. Changes in earth rotation shall be calculated from the effect of core topography on magnetically inferred, core W07-7036 1 674-29-04 surface flow fields and compared with observed changes. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS PROGRAM W07-70364 676-30-44 SUPPORT Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. T. G. Wang 818-354-6331 POLAR MOTION AND EARTH MODELS The objective of this RTOP is to develop and implement J. 0. Dickey 818-354-3235 program plans for the Microgravity Science and Applications The objective of this research is to obtain a better understand- program. These plans will provide the guidance for ground-based ing of the physical processes which influence Earth rotation and experiments to develop a data base for future planning of space polar motion. To obtain the goals, the investigation is divided into operations. The Jet Propulsion Lab is already working on this three separate tasks as follows: (1) Atmospheric Dynamics and plan and the effort will be expanded. the Excitation of Earth Orientation Changes: This task will involve comparison of publicly available estimates of the Earth orientation W07-70362 674-2948 and the total atmospheric angular momentum with various meteoro- Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. logical data sets. A major goal of this task will be to verify the CONSULTING AND PROGRAM SUPPORT connection between changes in the equator to pole temperature J. M. Price 205-544-1979 gradient and changes in the length of day (the 50 day oscillations,

59 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS the seasonal variations, and the longer period changes correlated studies will consist of a global set of harmonic coefficients, local with the Southern Oscillation). The dynamical causes of any such region gravity anomalies (1 deg x 1 deg), and orbital constraints relationship will be investigated. (2) Numerical Simulations of on the satellites. Atmospheric Angular Momentum Changes: The so-called 50 day oscillation in Earth rotation and in the atmosphere will be investi- W 87 - 7 0 3 6 7 676-59-10 gated by the use of a general circulation model of the atmosphere Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. to provide insight into the atmospheric oscillation and its effect GEOPOTENTIAL RESEARCH MISSION (GRM) STUDIES on Earth rotation. (3) Data Quality Enhancement and Verification: T. Keating 301-344-8817 This task is intended to improve the quality and reliability of (676-40-10; 676-59-85) estimates of the excitation of changes in the Earth orientation. The objective is to perform magnetic field data reduction studies Estimates of the atmospheric excitation of Earth orientation and gravitational field mathematical modeling studies in support changes from independent weather forecast centers will be of the Geopotential Research Mission (GRM) as advanced analyzed to provide indications of the accuracy of these data. Phase A studies. The effort will continue the on-going work to Surface pressure data will be usd to estimate the size of the define the magnetic science products and the mathematical water vapor accounting error; errors in the inverted barometer algorithms critical to the recovery of the gravitational field from model of the ocean response will also be evaluated. Part of the the mission flight data, and investigate alternate designs. The atmospheric excitation of Earth orientation changes results from studies will more rigorously define the science products and a surface pressure changes; pressure-derived excitation estimates possible method to obtain the gravitational field and identify will be used to calculate changes in the low order spherical spacecraft definition phase studies. harmonics of the surface pressure for comparison with satellite tracking data. W87-70368 676-59-10 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. W87-70365 676-40-02 GRAVITY FIELD MISSION STUDIES Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. D. Sonnabend 81 8-354-7593 GEOPOTENTIAL FIELDS (MAGNETIC) The objective of this work is to continue the development of Robert A. Langel 301-344-6603 a technique for operating sensitive instruments, primarily gravity The major objectives of this RTOP are to develop more gradiometers, aboard the Space Transportation System (STS) accurate and reliable models of the Earth’s main magnetic field vehicle (Shuttle), and other spacecraft. The technique provides and its temporal variation, to study the physical processes in the either active vibration isolation or intermittent drag free operation core which are response for generation of that field, and to conduct of the payload instrument, with minimum impact on Shuttle systems studies preparatory to proposed missions. The approach includes or operations. The payload would be encased in a conducting both collection of all suitable data types and of the development shell, and set free inside a set of eddy current forcing coils. In of new analytic techniques. New observatory and repeat data are the vibration isolation mode, the payload position is continuously continually being added to our data set as they become available. fed back to the forcing coils, using arbitrary frequency shaping. In During the past year a proper error analysis for the spline function the semi drag free mode, the coils are operated only briefly, representation of secular variation was developed. This will be when collision with the coils is imminent. Previous studies have utilized to project Magsat data to earlier epoch’s as a priori for shown that normal Shuttle disturbances, including air drag, rotation, IGRF calculations. The formalism for error analysis was, and is and crew motion can all be accommodated, and determined the being, refined and tested. Characteristics of the 1970 jerk were special requirements associated with cryogenic payloads. Work is modeled and the results are being analyzed and prepared for continuing to demonstrate single axis operation in the laboratory. publication. Data from the Air Force Defense Meteorological Work on remote identification of the instrument parameters will Satellite Program (DMSP) F-7 satellite were acquired from AFGL be started in this period. (Air Force Geophysics Lab) and are being utilized in new models. W87-70369 676-59-31 W07-70366 676-40-10 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. GPS MEASUREMENT SYSTEM DEPLOYMENT FOR REGIONAL GRAVITY FIELD AND GEOID GEODESY IN THE CARIBBEAN Demos C. Christodoulidis 301-344-0883 William G. Melbourne 818-354-5071 The objectives are to: (1) develop a model of the Earth’s A new measurement system for centimeter geodesy will be gravity field based upon satellite tracking and altimetry and surface developed and demonstrated in California and Mexico, and the gravity data. The computed geopotential model, the interim field, Caribbean. The broad objective is to achieve baseline accuracies will be used as the a priori model at the beginning of the of 2 cm in the local vertical and 1 cm in each horizontal component Geopotential Research Mission (GRM); (2) develop state-of-the-art over distances up to 2000 km in order to conduct key geodetic geodynamic software systems; perform research through the experiments in regions of tectonic interest. Among the problems interpretation of geopotential signals; (3) conduct studies of a to be addressed are: (1) the question of the direction and rate of spaceborne gravity gradiometer system for Earthlplanetary relative motion between the North American and Caribbean plates, mapping of the gravity field; (4) evaluate flight concepts for a (2) the subduction of the Cocos plate beneath Central America, cryogenic gravity gradiometer using the Spartan configuration; and (3) the spreading rate across the Galapagos spreading center, develop GRM local solution simulation using University of Texas (4) the spreading rates in the Gulf of California, (5) the nature of gravity model and establish orbit constraints from matrix inversion strain in southern California, and (6) uplift and deformation in the techniques. Essential elements for the development of the interim Long Valley caldera associated with magma injections. System field are: improvement methods of incorporating surface gravity development will build upon the successful demonstrations of the data; development of techniques for extensive use of altimeter NASA SERIES and SERIES-X receiver systems and on a compara- data, improvement of accuracy of models used on orbit determina- tive evaluation of the TI4100 and the MACROMETER systems. A tion; and optimization of the necessary software programs. The valuable inheritance of large scale estimation software from gradiometer studies are to focus on covariance analyses, simulation previous geodynamics and deep space navigation applications is studies, hardware design, and engineering studies. The GRM being utilized. The SERIES-X and other available equipment, such simulation will use the University of Texas observational signal as the TI 4100 and MACROMETER receivers, are used to conduct (180x180 field) and recover the gravity model and estimate its field experiments. Information gained from field experience and accuracy both in the local and global sense. Improved accuracy subsequent data analysis leads to improvements in field equipment in features of the gravity field is expected to reduce the overall and software algorithms. Initial measurements in California began error of the geoid by about 50%. The gradiometer studies evaluate in MarchIApril 1985. Initial measurements in Mexico, across the the gradiometer as a gravity mapping tool. Results from the GRM Gulf of California, began in November 1985. Measuremefits in the

60 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

Caribbean are scheduled to begin June 1986. As more data sound velocity variation in the upper 100 m of water to be acquisition terminals become available and system performance constrained. Variability in this layer is expected to be a major permits, additional baselines over longer distances will be included error source. Some developments in the system ,design are required in the observing schedule. to use GPS technology for sea floor geodesy. These include antenna design, determining instantaneous positions of a wave- W87-70370 676-59-32 tossed platform and determining the orientation of that platform. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. Preliminary sea trials with the SERIES GPS receiver were used to LASER RANGING DEVELOPMENT STUDY gain engineering information. Data on platform acceleration and J. J. Degnan 301-344-7714 jerk, outages caused by obstructions and levels of RFI are being (676-10-1 0 692-20-10) used to set GPS receiver and baseline solution software design The long term goals of this RTOP are: (1) to develop automated parameters. The GPS receivers selected for this system will be millimeter accuracy satellite laser ranging (SLR) stations; and (2) to tested initially on fixed baselines and eventually tested during sea provide supporting analyses and technology tradeoff studies on a trials of the acoustic positioning equipment. combined geodynamics/altimetry mission of the Geodynamics Laser Ranging System (GLRS) instrument on EOS (new element W87-70373 676-59-75 in FY-87). The technical strategy is to use dual wavelength, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. subnanosecond pulse laser transmitters and picosecond resolution ADVANCED MAGNETOMETER streak camera technology to remove centimeter level range E. J. Smith 818-354-2248 uncertainties caused by atmospheric refraction effects. Quadrant The objective is to demonstrate that the helium magnetometer or imaging detectors will be incorporated into the system to permit can be operated in a scalar mode which satisfies the requirements totally automated star calibrations. Analytical studies of the limiting of the Geopotential Research Mission (GRM), the Magnetic Field effects of speckle from existing targets such as LAGEOS on ranging Explorer (MFE), Tethered Satellite Systems (TSS) and similar future accuracy will be carried out. Under this RTOP, earlier system missions; to demonstrate that the helium magnetometer can be studies of the (GLRS) will be updated to provide a preliminary operated in a dual scalar and vector mode and fulfill the require- assessment of the engineering impact of an additional, high duty ments of these missions; to evaluate a HE3 nuclear free-precession cycle altimetry mission. Different altimetry missions vary in their magnetometer which has the potential of providing extremely data type (e.g., simple mean range vs. return waveforms for surface accurate magnetic field measurements with a very light-weight, roughness investigations) and data volume which can impact low-power instrument. A team of both theoretical and magnetic transmitter energy and lifetime specifications and receiver design. field instrument experts was assembled and are working to attain The GLRS instrumental changes dictated by a combined geody- the above objectives. The theoretical team, consisting of scientific namics/altimetry mission will be investigated and also potential experts involved in helium magnetometers since their inception improvements to the instrument made possible by recent technolog- has determined the theoretical limits of the scalar helium magne- ical advances in the areas of laser pumping, high-speed photode- tometer; the instrumentation team has designed and fabricated tectors and spacecraft navigation. instrumentation capable of attaining these limits.

W87-70371 676-59-33 wa7-70374 676-59-80 Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. SUPERCONDUCTING GRAVITY GRADIOMETER MAGNOLIA/MAGNETIC FIELD EXPLORER S. H. Morgan 205-544-0614 G. Qusley, Sr. 301-344-8073 The objective of this RTOP is to develop a full vector, The objective is to conduct system definition studies for a three-axis superconducting gravity gradiometer for space flight Magnolia/Magnetic Field Explorer (MFE) mission. The studies will applications. The instrument will be designed to have a measure- be based on the Magsat-A concept and will build on the studies ment sensitivity of .0001 EWOS units in an orbital environment completed by APL. The studies will produce the U.S. inputs for a and exhibit a measurement time constant consistent with the definition phase spacecraft design with French CNES that could current requirements of geodynamics research. The final function- serve as the basis for a joint cooperative program. The French ing sensor unit will be constructed and tested in a manner CNES is cooperating with NASA in this study activity which could consistent with a proto-flight approach to a possible scientific lead to a joint mission on the Ariane launch vehicle. Shuttle flight.

W87-70372 676-59-45 Resource Observation Applied Research Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. and Data Analysis GPS POSITIONING OF A MARINE BUOY FOR PLATE MOTION STUDIES T. H. Dixon 818-354-7535 W87-70375 677-21-05 This RTOP is intended primarily to perform a system analysis Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. and demonstration of the use of GPS (Global Positioning System) FOREST BIOMASS receiver technology for determining the location of an ocean surface Forrest G. Hall 301-344-0974 platform with respect to the GPS reference frame. The development The objective is to use remote sensing to better understand of a system for measuring the location of benchmarks on the forest pattern and process at a regional scale in boreal ecosystems. ocean floor with respect to an acoustic transmitter on the surface In addition, existing remote sensing techniques, such as biomass platform is being performed under other Geodynamics Program- estimation and species composition mapping, will be evaluated sponsored research, by F. N. Spiess of Scripps Institution of and where necessary, modified to meet the science requirements Oceanography. The combined objective of these two RTOPS is peculiar to boreal exosystems studies. The ecosystem landscape to precisely tie ocean floor benchmarks to an earth centered will be considered to be composed of a quiltwork of patches. reference frame. The GPS-based systems were developed for high Each patch will be characterized by its particular species composi- precision. cost-effective geodetic measurements under the NASA tional mix, and its above ground biomass. Landsat data will be Geodynamics Program. Current proof-of-concept receivers have used to identify the successional stage and biomass of each patch. demonstrated baseline measurements with accuracies of several By employing two or more Landsat observations, the between cm. If this level of performance can be maintained in a system state patch transition probabilities can be estimated. These used at sea, it will be adequate for obtaining an absolute position transition probabilities can then be used with stochastic theory to for the surface element(s) of an acoustic sea floor benchmark investigate the longer term dynamics of the ecosystem. The system. Moreover, the instantaneous positioning data for the Landsat level studies rely on semi-empirical relations developed surface element of the array obtainable with GPS may enable the from canopy reflectance models and detailed field studies at the

61 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS tree and plot level using helicopter acquired Barnes Multimode W87-70378 677-21-31 Radiometer (MMR) data, LlCOR measurements of canopy compo- Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. nent spectral properties, and ground acquired biophysical properties FOREST EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND PRODUCTION data. The FY-87 activity will also focus on improving the understand- D. L. Peterson 41 5-694-5899 ing between the satellite measured reflectance and the composi- The objectives are to determine evapotranspiration (ET) and tional and biophysical properties of the forest stands. net primary productivity (NPP) for a large regional coniferous forest, to test extrapolation limits of ecosystem process models of ET and NPP, and to test theories necessary for efficient partitioning W87-70376 677-21-24 and aggregation of a forested landscape to support regional level Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. estimations. The strategy is to implement an appropriately modified TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS version of DAYTRANSIPSN, an existing physiologically based Darrel L. Williams 301-344-8860 model simulating ET and NPP at the conifer stand level, for initially The purpose of these studies is to assess a variety of a small watershed and later a 2600 km2 basin in Western Montana. biological and physical components of complex terrestria ecosys- Variables relating to key processes controlling energy, carbon tems such as forests using remotely sensed data. A variety of and water exchange will be derived from remote sensing, digital remote sensing tools will be used to address continental, regional, terrain, in-place measurement, and soil data. The variables, to be and local phenomena in order to derive information concerning interrelated in a geographic information system, are: (1) site physical the areal extent and condition of forests. Spaceborne, airborne, in properties (slope, aspect, elevation, soil) obtained by automated situ, and laboratory spectral data as well as ground measurements partitioning of the terrain into hydrologically meaningful landscape were and are being acquired in order to develop the statistical units: (2) surface meteorological conditions including radiation techniques and procedures necessary to integrate Advanced Very balances, canopylair temperature, humidity, precipitation: and High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-Global Area Coverage (GAC) (3) vegetation characteristics, leaf area index and total biomass. and Multispectral Band Scanners (MSS) digital data for continen- Estimates of ET and NPP will be validated using independent tal resource assessment, and to assess the utility of fine spectral hydrologic yield measurements and productivity estimates from resolution aircraft measurements for detecting and quantifying ground sampling. forest stress due to acidic deposition. Expected Results: (1) a statistical and procedural approach for subcontinentaVcontinenta1 W87-70379 677-21-32 assessment of natural resources using multiresolution, multisensor Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. digital imagery will be developed and tested: and the utility of GLOBAL INVENTORY MONITORING AND MODELING EXPERI- high spectral resolution aircraft data for forest stress detection MENT will be validated. In addition, laboratory experiments will provide Compton J. Tucker 301-344-7122 insight into the physiological, morphological, and chemical factors (199-30-99) which are responsible for altering plant reflectance characteristics The objective is to develop the techniques and scientific basis in the field. for studying terrestrial renewable resources at regional, continental, and global scales with multilevel satellite remote sensing data. W87-70377 677-21-25 Satellite data will be obtained at spatial resolutions of 30m, 80m, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. 1km, 4km and 15km for selected local areas (30 and 80m), regional TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZA- test sites (1km), continental test areas (4 and 8km), and the entire TION OF FOREST DECLINE DAMAGE planet (15km). These data will be analyzed to provide high B. N. Rock 818-354-6229 temporal frequency vegetation biomass and condition information This study will be a continuation of a program initiated in the for assessing productivity, land cover mapping, deforestation, insect summer of 1983. Objectives are as follows: to demonstrate the and disease upsurges, and other large-scale vegetation information utility of using remote sensing techniques to detect, quantify, map of interest to global science questions such as the earth’s radiation and monitor forest decline symptoms in Vermont and New budget, the carbon cycle, and the hydrological cycle. Expected Hampshire, as well as the Federal Republic of Germany and Austria; results are: (1) the understanding of large-scale vegetation to document biophysical parameter variables associated with forest response and its relationship to atmospheric and climatic pheno- decline damage, including canopy moisture levels, leaf anatomical mena: (2) estimates of grassland biomass production across entire variations; photosynthetic pigment concentrations, and leaf continental ecological zones; (3) global estimates by continent of elemental contents; to experimentally alter these biophysical land cover types and how these vary with time: (4) improved parameter variables while monitoring high spectral resolution documentation of tropical deforestation, and estimates of forest reflectance and fluorescence data acquired both in the field and spatial extent for selected tropical and boreal forests; (5) understand- laboratory: and to collect spectral and biophysical data sets from ing the coupling of directional reflectance and atmospheric effects, controlled application experiments involving ozone, acidified mists, (6) developing the computer-related software to process large and heavy metals as applied to red spruce (Picea rubens) volumes of course resolution satellite data and handle multilevel specimens, in coordination with U.S.D.A. Forest Service-supported satellite data from the same target: and (7) determination of desert investigators conducting such manipulative studies. The study was boundaries and desert spatial extent. designed so that the spectral data can be coupled to detailed laboratory analysis to allow quantitative and qualitative spectral W87-70380 677-21-33 characterization of ecosystem variables. Conduct field and National Space Technology Labs., Bay Saint Louis, Miss. laboratory investigations in support of airborne and spaceborne INTERACTIONS OF ENVIRONMENT AND VEGETATION remote sensing data acquisition for selected terrestrial ecosystems. COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE, AND FUNCTION ON A MAJOR This RTOP is divided into three separate Tasks as Follows: TROPICAL ECOCLINE (1) Conduct field studies consisting of habitat assessment, moisture Diana Lieberman 601 -688-191 2 stress determination, and in situ spectral data acquisition (VIRIS A major tropical ecosystem gradient on the Atlantic slope of and laser) from selected acid rain damage sites. Laboratory studies Costa Rica’s Cordillera Central joins La Selva near sea level with will include anatomical and physiological assessment of susceptible Volcan Barba at 2900 m elevation 35 km to the south. It is proposed tree species, both in situ and under controlled conditions to investigate patterns and interactions of environmental parame- (greenhouse/open top chambers). (2) Conduct manipulative ters with floristic, structural and functional properties of the experiments in which certain leaf biophysical parameters are vegetation over this gradient. The project involves field studies of artificially altered and high resolution spectral data are acquired environment and vegetation; remote sensing of forest structure and assessed. (3) Collect and analyze AIS II/AVIRIS/TMS data (laser profiler), thermal and evapotranspiration patterns (TIMS), acquired in the 0.4 to 2.4 m region in order to evaluate their and spectral characteristics especially related to plant vigor (Central utility for vegetation remote sensing. Atmospheric Monitoring System (CAMS and AVIRIS); and a

62 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS large-scale factorial field experiment designed to generate a graded scientific community today bodes well for the utilization of these vigor response for spectroradiometric analysis. Spectral signatures increased satellite measurement capabilities. Presently, however, indicative of vigor will be determined, and the results applied to the biological component of the global puzzle appears to enter natural vegetation using CAMS and Airborne Visible and Infrared mostly into local calculations of rate factors or ‘energy component/ Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS); predictions from AVlRlS data boundary condition constraints. Clearly, these are important analysis will be tested with forest growth studies. Information that coupling conditions required for a total understanding of global will be acquired will have profound implications for modelling of processes. However, the fundamental question of why particular terrestrial ecosystem processes. life forms occupy their present spatial/temporal niche demands a stronger biological modeling role for terrestrial biomes at global W87-70381 677-21-35 scales. The objective of this study is to initiate, in conjunction Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. with the scientific community at-large, forest dynamic modeling BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING IN TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS studies appropriate for projecting the spatial successional stages D. L. Peterson 41 5-694-5899 of an important component of the terrestrial surface that is tightly The objective is to develop and use theoretical models and coupled to large-scale environmental changes. Investigate and empirical studies to derive biochemical information from leaf and encourage the development of large scale pattern and process canopy spectra; to relate these measurements to ecosystem forest dynamic modeling techniques appropriate for predicting productivity and nutrient cycling for temperate and tropical forest landscape patterns and trends. Conduct workshops and gradients; to incorporate these findings into developing ecosystem encourage exchange of of local and regional observations process models; to determine the biochemicaVbiophysica1 re- necessary for calibration and validation of these models. sponse to airborne pollutants in select ecosystems; and, to relate flux measurements of methane and other trace gases from arctic tundra ecosystems and model the atmospheric interactions. The wa7-70384 677-22-28 approach will be: to develop and test deconvolution-based and Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. biophysical models of leaf spectral characteristics accounting for WATER RESOURCES CYCLING (ISLSCP) biochemical properties; apply these techniques to canopy models R. J. Gurney 301-344-5480 to understand the canopy chemistry in empirical remote sensing The objective is to determine the capability of extracting studies using visible to short-wave spectral sensors (e.g., Airborne quantitative estimates of land surface parameters from satellite Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)); design, radiance observations. These parameters include components of conduct and compare gradient studies of ecosystem nutrient cycling the surface energy balance such as albedo, latent and sensible using established methods and incorporate/test in the continuing heat fluxes, surface temperature and insolation. The approach was model development; combine water-carbon-nutrient processes and to: analyze existing satellite data, e.g., NOAAIAdvanced Very High interactions in ecosystem models and test for generality; spectral, Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR) NimbusIScanning Multichannel chemical and anatomical analyses will be conducted on fumigated Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and Landsat/MulitspectraI Band and naturally occurring pollutant damaged plants and ecosystems; Scanner (MSS) for land surface parameters, and conduct coordi- measure methane and other trace gases from sample sites nated field experiments in which satellite, aircraft and surface optimally selected from remote sensing analyses of tundra determinations of land parameters are intercompared. These ecosystems and extrapolate to large scale using multistage efforts will be part of the International Satellite Land Surface methods and input to atmospheric model. Climatology Project (ISLSCP). The expected results: (1) Data from the Hydrologic and Atmospheric Pilot Experiment (HAPEX) will be W87-70382 677-2 1-36 analyzed to estimate regional evaporation during The experiment; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. (2) The First ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE) will be conducted in SATELLITE MEASUREMENT OF LAND SURFACE PARAME- Kansas; and (3) a five year set of data from Nimbus-7 SMMR will TERS FOR CLIMATE STUDIES be used to calibrate a soil moisture mass balance model over the E. G. Njoku 818-354-5607 South-Western Great Plains of the U.S. Research is performed to evaluate the potential of three different satellite sensors for measuring parameters of use in land surface climatology studies. The sensors are the Scanning W87-70385 677-24-01 Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), the High Resolution Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. Infra-Red Sounder/Microwave Sounding Unit (HIRS/MSU), and the REMOTE SENSING SCIENCE PROGRAM Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Data from Donald W. Deering 301-344-9186 these instruments can be used to provide information on surface The Remote Sensing Science Program is conducted to improve soil moisture, temperature, and vegetation cover, all of which are the general scientific understanding of the energy emitted or key parameters in models of energy exchange at the land- reflected from an earth surface target, through the intervening atmosphere boundary. Time-series of derived data from these atmosphere as measured by a remote sensing system. It is Sensors will be compared for a complete seasonal cycle over the designed to provide a foundation upon which new, more advanced same geographic locations, primarily the African Sahel, in order satellite and aircraft remote sensing instruments and interpretive to quantify the relationships between sensor measurements and techniques can be developed. At its heart is developing and surface features. Results will lead to better use of satellite data in understanding of the physical processes whereby radiant energy understanding and monitoring climate change, and will form part is emitted or reflected from earth land surface targets and the of the recently-initiated International Satellite Land-Surface relationships of the measurable radiant energy to important Climatology Project (ISLSCP). biophysical attributes and processes. The Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) responsibility includes the project management and W87-70383 671-2140 several of the fundamental research tasks. Seeking new research Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. and evaluating proposals; monitoring continuing studies; and FOREST DYNAMICS conducting workshops, progress review meetings and conference James A. Smith 301-344-7282 technical sessions, as well as performing the necessary procure- The Earth System Science Committee (ESSC) has recognized ments activities will be continued in a manner similar to previous the tremendous increased capability offered by the forthcoming years. Continued advancement of the state-of-the-art of theoretical Earth Observation Satellites (EOS) observing platforms to obtain models that predict radiant energy response from earth surfaces measurements at local, regional, continental and global scales for and improvement in empirical characterizations that lead to the the hydrosphere, geosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere compo- formulation of mathematical process models, which relate re- nents of the total earth systems. The existing large-scale oceano- flected and emitted radiation to scene attributes, are expected graphic and climatological modeling experience available in the from this effort.

63 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS wt17-703a6 677-41-29 w87-703aa 677-43-2 1 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. MULTISPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF ULTRAMAFIC TERRAINS TECTONICS OF WESTERN BASIN AND RANGE M. Abrams 818-354-0937 R. Blom 818-354-4681 (677-80-23) The objectives of this study are to develop and evaluate the The objective of this project is to examine problems of capability of mapping detachment faults from remote sensing lithological discrimination and structural mapping of ophiolites using data, apply this first in an accessible region which is the subject visible, near-infrared, and thermal images and field measurements. of much study at present, and extend the capability for efficiently The work will focus on determining the potential contributions of mapping such structures elsewhere. Recent study of detachment remote sensing techniques to the study of basic geologic questions faults in the southwestern US. reveal major Tertiary crustal related to the formation and emplacement of ophiolites. Ophiolites extension, in part on reactivated Mesozoic thrusts. This type of are characteristic assemblages of ultramafic and mafic rocks extensional tectonics may be a previously unrecognized major interpreted to be sections of the Earth’s oceanic crust. They are phase of continental margin tectonics. These faults expose generally exposed at the margins of continental areas as the result basement deformed in a ductile manner in low-angle fault contact of tectonic emplacement during plate collisions. Important problems with upper plate rocks deformed in a brittle manner. A consortium, relate to the distribution and 3-dimensional mapping of dunite and similar to COCORP, of geological investigators called CALCRUST hanrburgite in the basal peridotite section to constrain models of was formed and funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) at mid-ocean magma chamber geometry; recognition and mapping $1.4M to begin seismic study of selected detachment faults. It is of serpentinization bears on tectonic emplacement mechanisms likely that many detachment faults, even in the southwest, have and earlier sea floor hydrothermal alteration. Test areas and yet to be recognized. Despite the tremendous amount of work researchers with whom we are actively cooperating are the Samail done in the southwest, the major tectonic problems remain elusive. ophiolite (Oman) with Dr. Rothery, Open University, London, and This remote sensing study is thus a logical and timely complement Dr. Stakes, University of South Carolina; the Bay of Islands ophiolite to the CALCRUST study. The essence of the study is acquisition (Newfoundland) with Dr. Karson, Duke University. In each of and study of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM). Seasat, SIR-A-8, these areas, Thematic mapper (TM), Thermal Infrared Multispectral and Large Format Camera (LFC) initially for CALCRUST targets Scanner (TIMS) data were acquired. During Fy-87 we will perform and then to surrounding areas. The spectral and morphotectonic the following tasks: (1) continued analysis of TM data, field spectral characteristics of detachment faults discernible in the images will data, and laboratory analysis of field samples for the Samail be documented, beginning with known faults, moving to faults in ophiolite; (2) analyses of TM and TIMS data for the Bay of Islands crystalline rocks, and then integrating a regional picture. Research Ophiolite; (3) completion and publication of laboratory spectrometric emphasis is on fault detection, determination of structural levels study of serpentinization in 0.4 to 12 micron region; and (4) field involved, and regional synthesis. Cooperation with University of work as required to verify image interpretations, collect samples California at Santa Barbara (UCSB) and CALCRUST investigators for laboratory analysis. Computer processing of the data will be is planned. The goal is development of a remote mapping strategy accomplished at the Geology group’s computer facility; analyses for these features. and interpretations will be done jointly by the PI and cooperating researchers from outside universities. w87-703ag 677-43-22 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. waw03a7 677-42-09 LANDFORMS IN POLAR REGIONS Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. J. P. Ford 818-354-6735 ARID LANDS GEOBOTANY This study will investigate spaceborne radar and other remotely B. N. Rock 818-354-6229 sensed images for mapping and interpretation of glacial and The overall objective of the proposed research is to acquire periglacial landforms in the arctic environment. Of most interest and evaluate remote sensing measurements obtained at visible, are localities with geomorphic features that relate to the changing reflective and thermal infrared, and microwave wavelengths to Quaternary climate. Such features include moraines of drumlins, determine the relating contribution of vegetation to multispectral abandoned river channels, strandlines and terraces, dunes and surface data acquired by airborne and spaceborne sensors for various types of low-relief features associated with permafrost arid and semi-arid settings. In FY-87 further the accuracy of terrain. Moraines and drumlins will be mapped and analyzed with modeling techniques currently under development to detect and respect to their morphology, orientation, extent and spatial relations. quantify the spectral characteristics of geologic and edaphic Interpretation of these data is expected to provide evidence of materials covered by less than 50% vegetation will be tested. glacial movements or mark the limits of glacial covers of different Using ground and aircraft high spectral resolution Visible Near ages. Abandoned river channels associated with terraces or Infrared (VNIR)/Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) data to characterize adjacent strandlines can provide scientific information concerning the vegetation and soil contribution for selected arid land plant glacial advances and retreats. The shape, orientation and distribu- communities at various times of the year, attempts will be made tion of dunes denote dominant wind directions. The distribution to use both spectral features and vegetation indices to isolate the and character of permafrost-related periglacial features provide vegetation component from remotely sensed data sets. The important climatic and environmental information. Seasat Synthetic relationship between weathered fan surfaces of different ages and Aperture Radar (SAR) images will be used as a primary data condition, community composition, and biomass will be assessed source. Study sites will be selected from existing Seasat SAR utilizing both field data and Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging coverage of Alaska and the Northwest Territories of Canada, Spectrometer (AVIRIS). Key elements continue to assess vegeta- depending on availability and quality of the images. Some examples tion type and condition for dominant arid land plant communities of potential study sites include: (1) hummocky topography east of in Owens Valley, CA. Gather additional in situ spectral data sets the MacKenzie River produced by buried glacial ice, hillocks and (at VNIR, SWIR, and microwave wavelength) for representative ponds represent dunes that have been glacially overridden; vegetation and soil types. Assess the use of absorption features (2) permafrost features on the North Slope, Alaska; (3)abandoned associated with cellulosic materials as well as vegetation indices river courses and terraces along the Colville River; and (4) active to detect and quantify variables in vegetation type and condition, and stabilized dune fields in the northwest interior basin, Alaska. as well as substrate variables associated with alluvial fans of different ages, using new burn sites within Owens Valley to test wa7-70390 677-43-23 accuracy of results. Acquire aircraft data sets (Thematic Mapper Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. Simulation (TMS) and AVIRIS) in the VNIR and SWIR wavelengths CONTINENTAL ACCRETION from old as well as new sites. Continue anatomical/physiological Charles C. Schnetzler 301-344-5213 assessment of selected species to determine biophysical parame- The primary purpose of this work is to improve the understand- ters affecting spectral properties of arid land vegetation. ing of the nature and extent of continental accretion as a process

64 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS in continental crust formation. The secondary objective is to develop observed at satellite altitude. By fully utilizing the Magsat data set remote sensing procedures, techniques, and instruments which we expect to determine the source geometry, including crustal can be used to better understand this process. This RTOP brings thickness, and general petrologic nature of the geologic features a broad spectrum of disciplines to the study of terrane accretion. producing these anomalies. A comprehensive approach will be Initially, classical remote sensing, variable-baseline topographic conducted to describe the geometry and petrologic character of slope analysis, geobotanical studies, and magnetic anomaly the source of the crustal magnetic anomalies observed at satellite modeling will be used. Other data types such as gravity, may be altitude. Magsat anomaly amplitudes will be used to determine added. Ground based (field), aircraft and satellite data will be crustal thickness in tectonically significant regions such as large used. Initial study sites will be along the west-coast of North rift zones and Atlantic-type continental margins. Petrologic models America (Oregon and British Columbia), eastern Canada, and will be used to establish possible source rock types and mode of northeastern United States; as work progresses the work will magnetization. The state of magnetic mineralogy will be inferred probably focus on a more limited number of sites. from rock composition, mineralogy, grain size, redox conditions, pressure and temperature. Previous work has suggested a complex wa7-70391 677-43-24 model including both viscous and induced magnetization. Magsat Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. vector (x, y, and z) fields will be used to outline the surface TOPOGRAPHIC PROFILE ANALYSIS expression of anomalous source body. Previously, vector fields James 8. Garvin 301-344-6565 were used to demonstrate the presence of remanent magnetization. This new project will quantitatively analyze high-resolution Now they will be used to describe the shape of the source region topographic profiles obtained from aircraft laser altimetry, as well and locate the center of magnetization. To further enhance the as from oceanographic radar altimetry data overland (e.g., GEOS, description of the source body, we plan to use the continuation Seasat, and Geosat) in order to explore and define fundamental downward algorithms. This RTOP represents an integrated and wavelengths associated with dynamic surface processes such as combined approach to the geologic interpretation of Magsat data. volcanism, tectonism, impact, and erosion. Heretofore unavailable This effort will draw heavily upon the work and computer program- topographic data will be acquired, processed, and interpreted by ming conducted in the previous years RTOPs. means of a Goddard space Flight Center (GSFC) aircraft laser altimeter (10 m footprints, approx. 1 m vertical precision) and, wa7-70394 677-45-06 will, for the first time, permit exploration of the spectral topographic Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. (and slope) properties of erosion, catastrophic phenomena, and DETERMINATION AND INVERSION OF CRUSTAL MAGNETIC geodynamic processes (crustal) warping etc.). Data obtained from FIELDS the GSFC aircraft laser altimeter (developed by J. Bufton of Code Robert A. Langel 301-344-6603 723.3 and colleagues) for selected targets including youthful The basic objective of the program is to isolate crustal fields volcanics (SP flow), eroded impact features (Meteor and New from the core and external fields and to invert the isolated crustal Quebec craters), major Shield structures (Grenville Front), and fields to an equivalent crustal magnetization. Products include suspect terrains (Klamath Mtns.) will result in high resolution (spatial filtered data, average anomaly maps, reduced (to common altitude, and vertical) topographic profiles which will subsequently be to the pole) anomaly maps and magnetization maps. The word analyzed by means of classic spectral analysis and interpreted. map includes both the digital data and the actual map. The Dominant wavelengths associated with specific terrains and consequences of failure to isolate the crustal fields perfectly are processes will thus be defined; such data can then be used as investigated. The approach consists of (1) the development of boundary conditions in mechanical models for certain landforms. suitable data selection criteria; (2) the development and testing of In order to explore longer wavelength properties of crustal structure appropriate filters; (3) evaluating models of the core field; associated with major tectonic belts on the Earth, GEOS and (4) estimating or modeling external fields and correcting the data Seasat altimetry will be retracked over land targets in Western suitably; (5) theoretical analysis of inversion techniques and Australia and the Caucasus Mountains (and nearby Aral Sea). implementation of useful results; (6) devising forward models to simulate expected anomaly behavior for evaluation of both the W87-70392 677-43-25 validity of solution of crustal fields and consequences of errors in Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. isolation. REMOTE SENSING OF VOLCANIC FEATURES D. C. Pieri 818-354-6299 W87-70395 677-4642 (677-80-23) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Under this RTOP we hope to acquire and analyze multispectral NEW TECHNIQUES FOR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SAR data on active and emplaced volcanic features with attention to IMAGES the thermal infrared (e.g., Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner D. L. Evans 818-354-2418 (TIMS), Airborne Imaging Spectrometer (AIS), lnframetrics 525). In (677-41-07; 677-41-03) particular, we will investigate the relationship between remote data The advent of multiparameter Spaceborne Imaging Radars (e.g., TIMS, AIS, Zeiss, radar) and the spectral-physical characteris- (SIR) will make it possible to derive quantitative signatures for tics and processes of active and emplaced volcanics (e.g., geologic surfaces that can be used for mapping rock types and COmPOSitiOn, surface texture, formation parameters). Of high modelling surface processes. Sensors such as SIR-B with its interest for FY-87 will be a morphology/process-modeVspectral multiincidence angle capability and the NASA/JPL quadpolarization comparison of Hawaiian and Italian volcanic shields, as well as L-, and C-band airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) provide thermal analysis of high-risk calderas in California and Italy. We prototypical data set for future sensors such as SIR-C, SIR-D and will draw on data and techniques already acquired and proven by Eos SAR, thereby making it possible to develop optimum data the JPL Geology Group, plus ongoing work in theoretical and analysis tools at an early stage. The main objectives of this RTOP applied volcanology by the author and other JPL co-workers. are: (1) to develop a physical basis for the use of multiparameter Ultimately we hope to utilize these techniques from earth orbit to radar data in solving geologic problems; (2) to develop methodolo- address basic volcanological problems, as well as global habitability gies for optimizing radar parameters for geologic investigations; and Societal risk concerns, particularly with regard to high-energy (3) to develop advanced data analysis tools for handling multipar- explosive volcanic events. ameter signatures of geologic surfaces. The approach will be to combine field and laboratory measurements with theoretical models wa7-70393 677-45-03 and radar backscatter information derived from calibrated multipa- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. rameter SAR images. We will develop techniques for the measure- SOURCES OF MAGNETIC ANOMALY FIELD ment of geologic characteristics for input to scattering models so Patrick T. Taylor 301-344-541 2 that the models can be tested and modified. In addition, we will We will study the long-wavelength crustal magnetic anomalies establish empirical relationships between radar backscatter and

65 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS measureable geologic parameters such as roughness, geometry, ter for Earth Observatory Satellite (EOS) simulation purposes. The porosity, moisture content, and subsurface structure. The value of principal results expected in the next year are: airborne testing of different radar parameters such as polarization and incidence angle the L-band aperture synthesis concept; last-mile connections of will also be evaluated. We will also develop analytical tools for data bases for the International Satellite Land-Surface Climatology the extraction of information from multiparameter SAR images. Project (ISLSCP) and sedimentary basin project; procurement of These techniques will include using polarization signatures to parts and modifications of Nd:Yag laser system with 1-5 nanose- examine details of surface and volume scattering, and deriving cond pulses with high peak power; and the installation of the polarization combinations that maximize surface or volume returns. ASAs on NASA's DC-8 with support equipment to process high This proposal covers the continuation of a basic research effort volumes of data. at JPL involving the implementationof new techniques for analyzing SAR images. It represents the efforts of three researchers in the Radar Sciences Group and one researcher in the Radar Systems Group at JPL. W87-70399 677-92-22 Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. W87-70396 677-80-19 INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES LAND CLIMATOLOGY - Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES GEOLOGY PROGRAM SUPPORT R. Price 301-344-5411 C. Elachi 818-354-5673 The Retrospective Studies portion of the Interdisciplinary The objective of this RTOP is to provide support to the Land Studies Land Climatology program is conducted to determine if Processes Branch, Earth Science and Applications Division, by changes in regional scale climate due to natural or anthropogenic the assignment of JPL detailees to NASA Headquarters. The changes in land use/land cover can be detected in the historical primary duties of the detailees will be to provide assistance in the satellite data record. Several years worth of Advanced Very High development and monitoring of the NASA geology programs. Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Thematic Mapper/ Multispectral Scanner Subsystem for several study sites in the W87-70397 677-80-22 U.S. and Africa (central Great Plains, Sonoran Desert, Sahel Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Region, Botswana), where changes in land and uselland cover IMAGE PROCESSING CAPABILITY UPGRADE changes are expected and could already be documented, will be S. D. Schultz 818-354-8009 examined and compared to historical meteorological records in The objective of this work is to establish an interactive image an attempt to identify correlations. Relationships between meteoro- processing capability within building 183 to satisfy the image logical parameters, such as precipitations and evapotranspiration, analysis needs of the geology group. The current operational and land surface parameters, such as vegetation cover and land system consists of the group's VAX 111750 computer, 1.2 gigabytes structure change, are expected. of disk storage, 1 tri-density high speed tape drive, 1 medium density tape drive, an interactive color image processing worksta- tion, a Sun workstation configured as an Airborne Imaging Spectrometer (AIS) data analysis workstation, as well as the TAE-VIGAR2 and DlPlX image analysis software package. Both W87-70400 677-92-23 the VAX 111750 and the Sun workstation are on a network which Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. also includes the AVlRlS VAX and AVlRlS Sun Workstation. In INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES LAND CLIMATOLOGY - MEA- the foreseeable future additional hardware will be required including SUREMENTS TECHNIQUES disk storage, a film playback device, a high resolution scanner for R. Price 301 -344-5411 map input, and an additional color display workstation. Upgrades Measurements Techniques portion of the Interdisciplinary to the system that are required this year include a second tri-density Studies Land Climatology program is conducted to validatel high speed tape drive, an upgrade to the DlPlX display device, calibrate methods for measuring/analyzing either changes in the additional air conditioning and maintenance services. The approach regional or continental scale climate, or natural or anthropogenic to be taken in this project consists of three main tasks. First the changes in land use/land cover, in order to determine the effect acquisition, integration and writing of applications software. This of one on the other. Field data collection, satellite data analysis, includes the continuing work on the conversion program between and modeling methods for several different meteorological/land the TAE-VICAR2 data format and the DlPlX data format as well surface parameters such as evapotranspiration, energy balance, as integration of the LOWTRAN atmospheric modeling program surface moisture, and soil boundaries will be developed, evaluated, into the TAE-VICAR2 software package. Second, the operational and intercornpared. Several specific models will be developed, expenses of the computer system including additional air condition- such as infrared models of soil moisture and sub-grid scale ing and maintenanceservices. Finally the acquisition and integration models of vegetation variations. Satellite data calibration techniques of computer hardware including a second tri-density tape drive for Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data and an upgrade to the display processor. will be developed. Methods for measuring meteorological and land parameters such as evapotranspiration, energy balance, moisture, W87-70398 677-80-80 and soil boundaries will be developed. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT (GSFC) Vincent V. Salomonson 301-344-6481 (677-24-01; 677-22-27; 676-59-32) W87-70401 677-92-24 The overall purpose of this collection of investigations is to Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. advance some high potential or key areas of effort in such a way INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES LAND CLIMATOLOGY - as to amplify or strengthen the total Land Processes Program at GLOBAL SIMULATIONS Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and in NASA. The areas to R. Price 301-344-541 1 be amplified or strengthened include: (1) the use of the aperture The Global Simulations portion of the Interdisciplinary Studies synthesis concept for long wavelength, passive microwave Land Climatology program is conducted to develop models of the radiometry; (2) the application of the Pilot Land Data System atmosphere which contain the influences of land surface status concept to near-term needs of key scientific multi-investigatorareas and dynamics. General Circulation Models (GCM) of the at- of effort; (3) the planning and formulation of a strong hydrological mosphere will be expanded to include initializations and parameter- research program; (4) improvement of laser altimeter transmitters, izations which depend upon vegetation and water features of the receiver electronics and associated aircraft platform dynamics; land surface. GCMs containing the hydrologic cycle, and vegetation (5) implementation of the Advanced Solid-state Array Spectrome- canopy/vegetation index, and biospheric interactions are expected.

66 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS

Mars Observer is composed of the engineers that translate the scientific measure- ment requirements into system design requirements. The design team performs design analysis, technology readiness assessments, W87-70402 836-5943 and engineering evaluations and tradeoff studies as necessary, to Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. demonstrate the instrument feasibility, within acceptable cost and DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRESSURE MODULATOR INFRARED schedule risks. RADIOMETER D. J. McCleese 818-354-2317 W87-70405 836-5950 The objective of this task is the development of advanced Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. infrared instrumentation for NASA’s program of planetary explora- X-RAY/GAMMA-RAY FACILITY PROGRAM tion from spacecraft. The emphasis is on the following atmospheric J. 1. Trombka 301-344-5941 science goals: (1) determine the thermal structure and its spatial The X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Remote-Sensing (XGRS) Spectro- and temporal variability in the terrestrial and outer planets, (2) map meter Facility is being proposed for use on a number of planetary the abundance and vertical, lateral and temporal variability of key missions. These missions are part of the program developed under atmospheric species, (3) measure, by direct and indirect means, the Solar System Exploration Committee (SSEC) Study. Such atmospheric motion, and (4) determine the physical properties of remote systems are being readied for the Mars Observer, the clouds and aerosols. The investigation of surface phenomena is Lunar Geochemical Orbiter, and the Near Earth Crossing Asteroid also of fundamental importance in the rational development of Rendezvous missions. The XGRS Spectrometer has been selected infrared instrumentation. In particular our objective is the application by the Director of the Solar System Exploration Division to be of infrared remote sensing to the determination of surface developed as a facility instrument to be flown where appropriate thermal balance, thermal inertia measurements and the mapping in the Observer and Mariner Mark 2 families of missions. An of surface morphology. The approach will be to develop in the Instrument Definition Science Team (IDST) will be established and laboratory the critical hardware for an advanced infrared sounder. have the responsibility for guiding the development activity. A During FY-87 this task focuses on the definition and development different Flight Investigation (FIT) will be selected for each mission of the Pressure Modulator Infrared Radiometer (PMIRR) for the based on proposals submitted in response to announcements of proposed Cassini Saturn orbiter/Titan Flyby mission. The PMIRR opportunity. FIT’S will have the responsibility for developing the employs pressure modulation and narrowband filter radiometry in calibrations and mission profile and for planning, operations, and both limb and nadir sounding modes, to obtain simultaneous vertical data analysis. The XGRS facility program will be managed by the profiles of temperature, pressure, selected chemical species and Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics of the Goddard Space aerosols in the atmospheres of both Saturn and Titan. The PMIRR Flight Center. instrument concept builds upon the PMIRR instrument selected for Mars Observer, and a substantial heritage of flight-proven W87-70406 838-59-80 hardware used on Earth and Venus orbiting spacecraft. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. DESIGN DEFINITION FOR A PLANETARY THERMAL INFRARED W87-70403 838-5944 MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER (PTIMS) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. D. C. Pieri 818-354-6299 DEVELOPMENTOFDUALFREQUENCYANDMULTISPECTRAL We have two main objectives during the one-year performance RADAR MAPPEWSOUNDER period of this proposal: (1) to produce a conceptual design for a C. Elachi 818-354-5673 multispectral thermal infrared imaging system for a Planetary The objective of this activity is to define, develop and test the Observer class mission which will allow: (a) the distinguishing of critical elements of a dual frequency (1.2 GHz, 37 GHz) altimeter/ primary geological units on the basis of silica/alumina mineralogy radiometer applicable for Mars Geoscience/Climatology Orbiter as a minimum, and (b) the determination of the structure and (MGCO), and a multispectral (1.2 GHz and 15 GHz) radar probable source lithology of weathering products e.g., regolith (to mapper/sounder applicable to a Titan Orbiter. The emphasis will accomplish this task we will define primary science requirements be on developing the basic radar sensor elements which could which the instrument design concept must meet in the context of be applied to multiple missions, in addition to MGCO and Titan Observer class power, weight, and data rate constraints); (2) to Orbiter, such as Lunar Geoscience Observer (LGO) and other produce a multi-year follow-on proposal for the development of a observer or Mariner Mark 2 missions. The approach is to develop final design and the associated technology, and to begin fabrication a modular architecture where a large number of the modules are and testing of specific breadboard components in preparation for common for both the MGCO and Titan radar sensors. These an eventual flight instrument proposal, probably for Low Gravity modules will be defined, developed and tested in the laboratory. Orbit (LGO). In addition, some modules which are unique and critical to each sensor, and require technological development, will also be developed. Sounding Rockets

W87-70404 838-59-06 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. W87-70407 879-1 1-38 IR MAPPER Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. J. 6.Wellman 818-354-6638 SOUNDING ROCKET EXPERIMENTS The major objective covered in this RTOP is the engineering W. M. Neupert 301-344-8169 required for the continuing design definition of the Visible and The sounding rocket program provides unique capabilities to Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS). VIMS is a set of facility conduct a broad range of scientific investigations. The program is class instruments for a suite of planetary exploration missions. particularly important for the development and demonstration of These instruments will provide the high spectral resolution image the merit of new instruments for shuttle flights and of prototype information necessary for the basic understanding of the surface instruments for satellites. Furthermore, the short lead time and composition, surface geology, as well as the ongoing geological/ program flexibility make it possible to follow up new discoveries meteorological processes for selected planetary missions. The and to study particular phenomena on the Sun and in the Earth’s approach used to perform the preliminary definition of an instru- atmosphere. Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectra of the Sun are a ment for a particular mission makes use of two teams. The science valuable tool for determining the true physical conditions in the team is a group of recognized planetary scientists from various solar corona and in understanding the flow of matter and energy laboratories and universities. The purpose of the science team is in the sun’s outer atmosphere. For this purpose, we need to know to define the science goals and specify the instrument measure- the coronal density, temperature, gas velocity, and radiation field. ment requirements required to meet those goals. The design team The work under this task is directed toward the development and

67 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS flight on sounding rockets of instruments for determining these obtain the highest performance. This has application for X-ray four physical parameters in the corona. Major objective is to imaging, spectroscopy, and polarimetry. measure coronal gas velocity as a function of position on the solar disk. Another objective is to determine the coronal tempera- OFFICE OF SPACE TRACKING AND ture, density, and line excitation processes by combining a knowledge of line profiles with the relative line strengths. A third DATA SYSTEMS objective is the investigation of wave propagation and dissipation, which may be fundamental to understanding energy transport in Advanced Systems and heating of the corona. wa7-70411 310-1 0-23 wa7-70408 879-1 1-41 Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY SOUNDING ROCKET EXPERIMENTS (ASTRONOMY) Frank E. McGarry 301-344-6846 Andrew M. Smith 301-344-8648 (506-54-56; 310-40-49) The astronomical sounding rocket program provides a unique The objective of this RTOP is to identify, evaluate, and refine capability to perform observations from above the Earth’s at- software engineering technology as applied to the software mosphere. The present objectives are to develop instrumentation development process for the NASA environment. The technology which takes advantage of this capability to obtain spatial images to be studied includes software development methodologies (such of faint extended celestial sources in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) as structured implementation techniques, various testing tech- and far ultraviolet (FUV). We intend to use two Black Brandt niques, structure analysis approaches to design), software develop- sounding rockets to develop a two dimensional array photon ment tools (such as code auditors and analyzers, configuration counting detector system which we will use with an existing management aids and PDL processors), software measures and Ritchey-Chretien telescope to obtain ultraviolet images of active models (such as cost and reliability estimation models), and galaxies. The complete system will include a flight memory techniques for increasing reusability of software. The identified consisting of 800x800 pixels at 8 bits per pixel; we will propose methodologies are intended to significantly reduce the overall life to use this detector system in a new Spartan instrument. The cycle costs of the software within the Mission Operations and latter instrument is intended to provide images in the light of FUV Data Systems area. The approach to attain the stated objectives and VUV emission lines through the use of a tunable filter. Work includes the utilization of an experimentation laboratory wherein on the new instrument also includes design and analysis of the proposed tools, methodologies and models may be acquired, support structure, the primary mirror, the image motion compensa- developed, applied and studied in an actual software production tion system and the electronics subsystem excluding detector environment. This laboratory (called the Software Engineering related electronics. Scientific research, primarily concerned with Laboratory (SEL)) first of all identifies technologies of potential galactic structure and stellar populations will be carried out with benefit to the NASA software development process, then identifies data still in hand. New research will be concerned principally with appropriate measures for assessing the impact of the technology astrophysical plasmas as revealed through the spatial distribution and coordinates the detailed experimentation of applying and tuning of emission line radiation. Both galactic and extragalactic sources the technology within selected software development projects are of interest. supporting various requirements of Mission Operations and Data Systems. Each of the projects is then carefully studied to determine W87-70409 879-1 1-46 the impact within the NASA software development environment Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. and to further identify refinements or additional technologies (tools, SOUNDING ROCKET (SPARTAN) EXPERIMENTS (HIGH EN- models, methodologies, language characteristics, etc.), that could ERGY ASTROPHYSICS) positively impact NASA software and would be directed at E. A. Boldt 301-286-5853 addressing specific NASA software shortcomings. High energy astrophysics (especially X-ray astronomy) is a rapidly evolving field of research, both scientifically and technically. wa7-70412 310-10-26 Our exploitation of the capabilities of short lead time, planning Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. flexibility, accurate pointing and extremely high telemetry rates FLIGHT DYNAMICS TECHNOLOGY afforded by rocket-borne experiments are major factors in our F. L. Markley 301-344-6082 success to date; a vigorous elaboration of this activity with Spartan The objective is to develop, evaluate, and demonstrate new is now necessary for continuing to make timely and important technology for flight dynamics in the Tracking and Data Relay contributions that complement data from our satellite missions and Satellite System (TDRSS) and Space Transportation System (STS) for the effective planning of advanced future missions (e.g., HTM). era, encompassing algorithms, techniques, software, and hardware This involves experiments with systems incorporating newly for attitude and orbit determination/prediction/analysis for both developed spectrometers and X-ray concentrators. ground-based and onboard application. The technology developed under this RTOP supports NASA programs in the areas of W87-70410 879-31-46 mission computing and analysis, TDRSS operations, and data Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. processing. The Cosmic Background Explorer Flight Experiment X-RAY ASTRONOMY will develop, demonstrate, and evaluate one-way Doppler tracking M. C. Weisskopf 205-544-7740 via TDRSS multiple access return link using an ultrastable oscillator Research is being conducted in the field of X-ray astronomy onboard a user spacecraft. Advanced Attitude Sensor Systems in areas related to the Astrophysics programs of NASA. The will develop and evaluate mathematical models of attitude sensor objectives of this program are: (1) To analyze and interpret existing systems to improve the performance and accuracy of spacecraft satellite and ground-based observations of the time variability of attitude systems. Orbit Determination Automation will develop, X-ray sources and their optical counterparts. To utilize Fourier demonstrate, and evaluate techniques for automating the orbit transform, epoch folding, and auto- and cross-correlation tech- determination process. niques to classify and qualify the time variability of these sources To interpret the results in terms of existing theoretical models or wa7-70413 310-10-60 to establish new theoretical models if required and feasible. (2) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. To develop new methods and systems for detecting X-ray RADIO METRIC TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT polarization. To design, build, test, optimize, and eventually fly on R. N. Treuhaft 818-354-6212 sounding rockets and/or satellites an advanced X-ray imaging (310-10-61; 310-10-62; 310-10-63) detector which utilizes both fluorescence of the atoms in the The broad objective of this RTOP is to design and demonstrate detector gas together with parallel field preamplification regions to improved techniques of radio metric data acquisition and analysis

68 OFFICE OF SPACE TRACKING AND DATA SYSTEMS as used by the Deep Space Network (DSN) to support navigation wa7-70415 310-1 062 and radio science. Most of the work in the RTOP involves Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. experiments which probe navigation error sources. Some of the FREQUENCY AND TIMING RESEARCH experiments in the RTOP also address the possibility of increasing L. Maleki 81 8-354-3688 the efficiency of navigation measurements. The current approach (310-10-60; 310-10-61; 310-2064; 310-30-68) to improving navigation accuracy largely consists of refining The objective of this RTOP is the generation, distribution, and methods of angular spacecraft navigation using interferometric monitoring of precise frequency and time in the Deep Space techniques, primarily Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). Network (DSN) in support of radio science experiments and the Understanding the results of the VLBI experiments necessitates navigation of planned and anticipated missions. Frequency and analysis, physical modelling, and calibration of errors affecting the timing is the enabling technology for radio-science experiments VLBI data. Hardware and software are developed as they are including gravitational wave detection. Navigation requirements of needed to support the above experimental efforts. A small amount current and future missions also depend on stable frequency and of effort is also directed at studying methods of sub-nanoradian time technology. The technical thrust of the RTOP is specifically angular determination using space-based platforms. Connected aimed at: the development of low cost, high reliability frequency element interferometric (CEI) techniques can reduce the need for standards to achieve stabilities in the range of parts in lO(17) for DSN antenna time and are being studied to increase angular short, medium, and long averaging intervals; development of navigation efficiency. Real-time correlation of the CEI data could precise frequency and time distribution systems capable of provide opportunities for on-line integrity testing in addition to stabilities of parts in lO(17) for frequency, and 0.1 ns for time, removing the data-rate constraint of transporting data on tape or over distances up to 30 kilometers long; and the characterization phone lines. Prototype real-time correlator design will be considered of the frequency stability of a Deep Space Station (DSS) with an in future years. To identify applications for work, potential mission automated real time frequency monitoring capability. The objective needs for improved radio metric data accuracy andlor efficiency of developing precise frequency sources is approached through will be identified in cooperation with RTOP 63. Quantitative analyses the development of a trapped mercury ion standard with the will begin to match advanced navigation capabilities to envisioned potential of parts in lO(17) stability and with a lower cost and mission needs or enhancements. Techniques to utilize the inherent higher reliability of operation than the hydrogen maser. The accuracy of all observables (Doppler, ranging, and angular generation of stable frequencies at short to medium averaging measure) will be developed into a single estimation procedure. intervals is approached through the development of cryogenic oscillators including the superconducting cavity and the cryogenic quartz oscillator. This same approach will provide the means of developing a flywheel oscillator for the trapped ion standard. Hydrogen masers which are the standards currently used in the DSN will also be supported through efforts aimed at the improve- ment of their performance and their reliability. Optical fiber networks wa7-70414 310-10-61 will be used for the precise distribution of time and frequency Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. throughout a DSN complex. The characterization of the end-to-end EARTH ORBITER TRACKING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT stability performance of a DSS is directed towards the development T. P. Yunck 818-354-3369 of an automated real time monitoring capability to verify stabilities (31 0-10-60; 31 0-1 0-63) of all subsystems within a DSS. The objective of this RTOP is to develop the conceptual design for an integrated system to track Earth satellites--low Earth orbiters (LEOS), highly elliptical orbiters (HEOs), and geosynchronous ww-70416 310-10-63 orbiters (GE0s)-- and to demonstrate its feasibility. The goal is to Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. improve on current tracking accuracy by roughly an order of SPACE SYSTEMS AND NAVIGATION TECHNOLOGY magnitude in a system that is economically practical to deploy C. S. Christensen 81 8-354-7408 and operate. Nominally, the system should yield position ac- (310-10-60; 31 0-10-61) curacies of a few decimeters or better at altitudes below 3000 km, The objectives of this RTOP are to: (1) develop techniques to increasing to 1 to 5 meters at geosynchronous altitude. It will decrease the costs for navigation data processing in the Deep include approximately 9 ground terminals (3 provided by NASA at Space Network (DSN), (2) investigate new and novel navigation the Deep Space Network (DSN) sites) which will be compact and technologies, (3) develop synergistic relationship with advanced will operate unattended. The system will be able to determine the mission planning teams that promotes the optimum growth of both non-DSN receiver locations with respect to the DSN reference DSN and spacecraft navigation capability. To meet these objectives sites with few-centimeter accuracy and will be able to provide the RTOP focuses on three primary areas. The first area, navigation continuous tracking for a large number of satellites. A further technology, identifies and evaluates data strategies for improving objective of the RTOP is to study the application of this system deep space navigation accuracies, and enhancing mission capabili- to prospective NASA missions and to consider, in general, future ties. Radio metric data requirements for new navigation functions, NASA Earth orbiter tracking needs and the systems that might be such as asteroid and comet orbiters, are established. Navigation used to meet them. The tracking system proposed here will employ concepts and data strategies consistent with low-cost mission signals from the satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS) support are formulated and demonstrated using data from current being developed by the Department of Defense. The technique missions. New and novel navigation technologies are investigated. employs differential GPS observables constructed from observa- Technology is being developed for improving quasar-relative solar tions made concurrently with GPS receivers on the ground and system target body location accuracies. The second area focuses on low orbiters. Higher orbiters, above about 10,000 km, would on reducing mission operations costs and increasing reliability by carry a beacon rather than a GPS receiver. Differential GPS the automation of radio metric data processing. A navigation positioning techniques are analogous to Very Long Base Interferom- development system has been implemented using a VAX 11/780 etry (VLBI) positioning techniques used for geodetic baseline computer. This system serves as the foundation for the develop- measurements and for tracking various deep space missions. Other ment of high speed computer graphics capabilities, the investigation work includes system design and performance analysis, error of navigation uses of expert system technology, and the initiation analysis software development, study of GPS for use in Earth of automated event driven operations and diagnostic procedures. orientation measurement, and demonstrations of the tracking The third area established system level requirements for QUASAT, techniques on the GPS satellites and on LANDSAT-5. Related an Earth orbiting antenna to be used to acquire Very Long Base work is being done under RTOPs 60 and 63, and under sponsorship Interferometry (VLBI) data. Initial objectives are to demonstrate, of the Oceanic Processes and Geodynamics branches of the Office using TDRSS, the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System of Space Science and Applications. (TDRSS) feasibility of transferring ground based stable frequency

69 OFFICE OF SPACE TRACKING AND DATA SYSTEMS standards to an Earth orbiter and to obtain interferometric fringes W07-70420 3 10-20-46 using the TDRSS single access antenna and a DSN station. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. ADVANCED SPACE SYSTEMS FOR USERS OF NASA NET- W07-70417 310-20-33 WORKS Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. R. P. Hockensmith 301-286-9067 NETWORK SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT (506-61-26) George C. Kronmiller, Jr. 301-344-7313 The objective of the work under this RTOP is to achieve The objective of this RTOP is to investigate the applicability technological advances in radio frequency (RF) and optical of new technology in the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System systems, antenna subsystems and associated control technology, (TDRSS) era. Selected technology will be investigated by means on-board data storage systems and in telecommunications coding. of feasibility studies, prototype development and demonstration, These developments will satisfy future requirements of Users of and by cost and reliability impact studies. A major goal is to NASA networks (spacecraft space platforms and space transporta- investigate the effect of nowGaussian channel characteristics on tion system payloads) that require near-global coverage through the Space Networks (TDRSS and follow on) link performance and evolving data relay satellite systems (Tracking and Data Relay develop coding and signal designs which optimize link Performance. Satellite System (TDRSS), and other networks as appropriate. The Associated with this goal are the objectives of validating the approaches for accomplishing the objective area are to: (1) identify analytical predictions by means of tests utilizing the actual network the basic operational space flight requirements; (2) investigate hardware, developing the capability to predict communications active and passive components and antenna systems; (3) investi- link performance against a mission flight time line and utilizing gate methods of reducing and controlling torque noise induced expert systems techniques to enhance system operation and steering of large high gain antennas; (4) investigate methods of minimize analyst manpower requirements. Other elements associ- high density and high rate recording and storage; (5) investigate ated with achieving this goal are modifications of the Communica- improvementsin telecommunicationcoding of spacecraft generated tions Link Analysis and Simulation System (CLASS) to provide a data; (6) develop system designs to permit User projects to specify network design and evaluation tool as well as a network user proven, reliable hardware with a high confidence level in the communications system design tool. performance capability, cost and required procurement cycle; (7) exploit necessary improvements in testing techniques that W07-70410 310-20-30 properly characterize these critical systems. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY W07-70421 310-20-64 S. H. Durrani 301-344-7338 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. The objectives of this RTOP, initiated in FY-86, are: (1) to ADVANCED TRANSMllTED SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT introduce an efficient high-rate digital telecommunications system Rob Hartop 818-354-3433 into the NASA Communications (Nascom) network; (2) to develop (310-20-65) improved interfaces with commercial telecommunications systems; The object of this RTOP is the development of Advanced and (3) to investigate new technologies and techniques for use in Transmitter Systems applicable to future Deep Space Network Nascom. Four new tasks were proposed initially: 300 Mbps modem; (DSN) missions that also provide the capability to perform radar high speed packet switch; local area network technology; and astronomy on planets, satellites, asteroids, comets and other automated fault isolation. Each task will span 2 or 3 years and targets within the solar system. Recently completed at DSS-13 will encompass analysis, simulation, and hardware and software are a 20KW CW 7.2 GHz transmitter and a receiver-exciter prototype development. It was understood that additional tasks subsystem that are currently being used to demonstrate a complete would be initiated as our in-house skills and capabilities increased ground station frequency stability of 5 parts in lO(15) when and as new areas were defined. One of the four tasks (high averaged over 1000 seconds. The subsystems have also been speed packet switch) was dropped in January 1986, after a used in conjunction with 2 GHz transmitter and receiver subsystems vendor survey showed that the needed technology will be almost to investigate simultaneous S- and X-band uplink-downlink opera- ready without any investment by us. Instead, two new tasks in a tions. These tests have demonstrated the technology for simulta- related area were initiated: protocol evaluation; and gateway design. neous uplinks at widely-spaced frequencies for future DSN use. Two additional tasks were identified in January 1986: TDMA Following the successful completion of a feasibility study in FY-85, scheduling; and network modeling tools. In-house studies were the detailed design of a 34.5 Ghz gyroklystron was completed in initiated, and the effort will continue in FY-87. Thus the RTOP will FY-86. Construction of the 400KW tube can begin when funds have a total of 7 tasks in FY-87. (This excludes two FY-85 are available. Concurrently with this contractor effort is the tasks--optimum/modulation and coding for fiber optics; and efficient in-house design of a state-of-the-art transmitter system from the multiplexing for line drivers--which will be completed by October frequency standard at 100 MHz to the feedhorn output at 34.5 GHz. 1986 and April 1987. respectively.) This transmitter system will feature advanced technology in several areas including high power (400KW CW) higher-mode generation W07-70419 310-20-39 and conversion, very high phase stability, high reliability, and Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. complete microprocessor monitoring and control. The resulting VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY (VLBI) TRACKING transmitter technology will be transferable to other frequency bands OF THE TRACKING AND DATA RELAY SATELLITE (TDRS) as well, such as the planned implementation of 200KW 7.2 GHz Philip Liebrecht 301-344-8003 transmitters on the 70M network beginning in 1991. A new work The objectives of this RTOP are to utilize VLBI Tracking of unit will develop techniques for combining multiple high power the TDRS’s as an independent measure with which to validate sources in an efficient and versatile manner and provide a the TDRSS Tracking capability, to demonstrate the application of conceptual design of a common aperture 7.2/8.4.32 GHz feedhorn. passive interferometric techniques to improve TDRS trajectory A continuing work unit (begun in FY-86) will provide Ka-band determination, and develop system functional requirements and systems analysis to define ground systems support requirements, descriptions for an operational, dedicated TDRS interferometric such as those for Mars Observer and Comet Rendezvous Asteroid tracking system. A two-phased approach will be used. During the Flyby. first phase, experiments will be conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the technique, and provide data for evaluation of W07-70422 310-20-65 different design alternatives, and comparison with the Bilateration Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Ranging Transponder (BRTS) derived orbits. The second phase ANTENNASYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT will involve formulating and documenting overall functional require- D. Bathker 818-354-3436 ments and system analysis for a dedicated operational TDRS (310-20-64; 31 0-20-66) tracking system. The objectives of this RTOP are to develop and demonstrate

70 OFFICE OF SPACE TRACKING AND DATA SYSTEMS

electromagnetic, optical, and structural mechanical technology to fabrication and testing of laboratory or ground-based demonstra- increase the capabilities of the large antennas in the NASA/JPL tions of optical communications technology will be included in this Deep Space Network (DSN). Capability improvements include RTOP. Flight demonstrations of the technology will only be carried increased frequency band coverage, simultaneous multifrequency through the initial design and planning stages so that appropriate operation, increased gain and reduced noise temperature perfor- funding can be identified from other sources. It is envisioned that mance, and reduced maintenance and operations costs. Recent optical communications will be applicable between distant planetary developments initiated in this RTOP include common aperture feeds spacecraft and an Earth-orbiting communications and tracking that operate simultaneously at 2 and 8 GHz, 64m antenna structural terminal. This terminal is expected to initially be in low Earth-orbit, bracing, two-axis automated subreflector focusing, and 64 to 70m possible aboard the space station or one of its formation fliers, antenna extension with high-precision shaped dual-reflector with future deployments expected in geosynchronous orbit. technology. Present objectives are to: (1) develop a wideband, However, the cost factors and performance characteristics of high-performance beam waveguide system appropriate to the DSN ground-based communications and tracking will also be examined. 1 for operational and stable RF performance advantages, (2) achieve high accuracy and stable RF beam pointing consistent with 32-GHz W07-70425 310-30-60 performance, (3) evaluate 70m antenna RF performance and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. outline an upgrade program containing affordable options, and DSN MONITOR AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGY (4) use microwave holography to achieve high-precision reflector Bruce Crow 81 8-354-6016 surfaces. The approach uses computational-intensivesynthesis and (31 0-10-60; 310-10-64; 310-10-70) analysis software appropriate to the large high-frequency reflectors, The objective of the RTOP is to develop and demonstrate and demonstrations and tests to reduce implementation risks in monitor and control technology necessary in the evolution of the order to verify analytical models and understand critical areas Deep Space Network (DSN) over the next decade. JPL has, for needing cost-effective improvement. 10 years, been pursuing the use of advanced monitor and control techniques to provide more efficient, cost effective DSN operations. W07-70423 310-20-66 Lessons learned from previous RTOP 68 work (e.g., the necessity Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. of fault tolerant system controllers, better sub-system monitor and RADIO SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT diagnostics, etc.), in addition to the continued explosive growth of J. J. Bautista 818-354-6994 computing power will shape our future course. This RTOP will (31 0-30-68) address the fundamental architectural structure required for the The objectives of this RTOP are to improve the Earth-based monitor and control system of an evolving DSN by developing a receiving elements of the spacecraft-to-Earth communications link system design and demonstrating it as DSS 13. The DSN currently to meet the future navigation, telemetry and science needs of the has several expert systems--all human. These experts understand Deep Space Network (DSN); to reduce the cost of implementation each subsystem, how the assemblies interrelate, and how to derive and modification of the advanced receiving elements; and to the best performance from the system (even under degraded increase the reliability and decrease the cost of maintenance of capacity). They are conscious of the users problems and are skilled receiving equipment and cryogenic systems. The work in the RTOP at knowing what operational flexibility is available to meet the is devoted to the development of multi-frequency, ultra-low noise users needs. This RTOP will: (1) provide a facility to capture this amplifiers to cover 2.3, 8.4 and 32 Gz with broad bandwidths and knowledge and develop the architecture, (2) produce a subsystem high gain and phase stability. To this end, both 32 GHz masers simulator to aid in the development of the station controller, and and solid-state amplifiers utilizing high electron mobility transistors (3) develop a monitor and control data base. The use of the (HEMTs) are being developed, as well as the analytical tools and simulator will reduce the development cost, allow new interfaces measurement systems needed for designing and characterizing to be tested without having to build expensive hardwarelsoftware, maser slow-wave structures, HEMT devices, and microwave low and aid in the technology transfer to the DSN. The major noise amplifiers. Additional work is aimed at the development of deliverables from this RTOP will be a demonstration at DSS 13 microwave cryogenic devices using very low loss superconducting that will illustrate the improved failure tolerance of the new monitor materials for fixed and tuneable RFI protection filters and maser and control architectures. slow-wave structures, and to provide for future cryogenic refrigera- tion needs of low noise amplifiers by improving the mean time W07-70426 310-30-70 between failures (MTBF) and cooling efficiency of present 4.5 K Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. systems and developing a 4.2 to 1.5 K liquefier system appropriate NETWORK SIGNAL PROCESSING for use on antennas with beam waveguide feed systems. W. Hurd 818-354-2748 The purpose of this RTOP is to investigate, develop, test and W07-70424 310-20-67 demonstrate advanced signal processing techniques and equip- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. ment which enable the Deep Space Network (DSN) to plan and OPTICAL COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT achieve its performance requirements with improved reliability, James R. Lesh 818-354-2766 maintainability and operability. The largest task is to develop an (310-10-63) advanced receiver for the DSN, including carrier tracking, telem- The objective of this RTOP is to develop and demonstrate a etry demodulation and detection and Doppler extraction. Key Deep Space Network (DSN) support capability for efficient and near-term objectives for the advanced receiver are: (1) to achieve reliable optical communications in the mid-to late 1990’s. The work telemetry performance improvements of 1 dB at high data rates will concentrate on the definition, design and analysis of com- (Magellan) to 3 dB at low data rates (Pioneer lo), relative to munications and tracking systems which would support such future Block IV receiver performance, (2) to double the existing data missions, as well as high leverage technologies which have a rate capability to 1 Mb/s, (3) to achieve frequency stability of major influence on the character of those systems. Additionally, 10 to 15 to 10 to 17, including the Doppler extractor, and (4) to the characteristics and generic designs for the optical communica- improve operability over existing receivers. Long-range receiver tions package aboard the distant deep space spacecraft will be objectives include: (1) spread spectrum capability for reduced studied to the extent of identifying the impact and hence desirability sensitivity to radio frequency interference (RFI), and (2) gigabit of optical communications aboard future missions. The RTOP will telemetry rate capability. Major objectives of other RTOP tasks concentrate initially on direct detection optical technology of are: (1) development of a broadband spectrum analyzer for DSN greatest benefit to outer planet missions, but will also include RFI surveillance at a sensitivity level comparable to the weakest heterodyne technology for high background level inner planet spacecraft signals, and (2) development of custom very large scale missions. Determination of actual spacecraft optical equipment integration (VLSI) for application in signal processing systems. requirements, as well as the development of space qualified Long-range objectives include development of a complete signal hardware, will not be part of this RTOP. Design, development, processing system including the advanced receiver, precision

71 OFFICE OF SPACE TRACKING AND DATA SYSTEMS ranging, RFI surveillance, frame synchronization and decoding, by handling routine, labor-intensive tasks and by reducing human antenna arraying and future concepts. During FY87 the main tasks task complexity. The development and demonstration of pilot are (1) to complete the breadboard advanced receiver and to projects which capture functions of control centers will facilitate begin development of the engineering model, (2) to complete the transfer of this technology into operations. Under this RTOP. analysis of international cometary explorer (ICE) and Voyager expert systems will be developed and applied in selected areas symbol stream combining data and to determine parameters and to reduce, eliminate or assist human operator decision-making. performance for Voyager Neptune implementation, (3) to maintain Projects will be established with the operational divisions to develop the current RFI surveillance system, (4) to proceed with develop- proof-of-concept systems and transfer the technology for oper- ment of the new spectrum analyzer, and (5) to develop concepts ational use. Systems will be developed with a phased approach and prototype VLSI for signal processing. to allow for early hands-on demonstration of kernel functions to potential users. The transfer of techniques, methodologies and W87-70427 3 10-30-71 expertise to the operational divisions will be a major goal. This Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. RTOP will also demonstrate the architecture and effects of COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS RESEARCH multiple cooperating expert systems, and will generalize from L. Swanson 818-354-2757 specific prototypes to multi-application frameworks. It will also (310-30-70) support the embedding of expert systems in data systems. The objective of this RTOP is to develop and demonstrate digital communication systems technology required to meet the W87-70430 310-40-45 needs of Deep Space Network (DSN) missions for the late 1980s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. and 1990s. To meet the continuing needs for efficient and low MISSION OPERATIONS TECHNOLOGY cost NASA space communications, the RTOP will focus on Larry Zeigenfuss 301 -344-6149 improving or expanding space communication capability. The work The objective of this RTOP is to develop techniques and planned will involve three areas: (1) Coding/decoding and modula- validate concepts that will improve Spacecraft Control Center tion/demodulation techniques for the 1990s will be investigated in operations efficiency, reliability, and reduce mission operations order to achieve a 2.0 dB reduction in signal-to-noise ratio. This costs. The intent of this effort is to apply and evaluate the latest objective will be met by designing, analyzing and comparing coding computer graphics technologies, automation technologies and systems, some of which may require decoding schemes of higher computer languages in the specific command and control environ- complexity enabled by new very large scale integration (VLSI) ment where the technologies and languages will be used. The circuit technology. (2) Communication efficiency will be improved approach to achieving this objective has three major thrusts. First, for the current codes and technology. For example, the use of to study and prototype automation concepts in a spacecraft image statistics to improve channel decoding of current codes command and control environment. The spacecraft engineering may gain as much as 2.0 dB over the current maximum likelihood analysis capability will be developed to enhance the ability of a decoder in the dSN. Another example is that Reed-Solomon spacecraft analyst to detect, isolate, and recover from a spacecraft decoders could use more information than the current system problem. Second, to develop and implement a distributed command gives them. Much of this work depends on analysis and computer and control capability applicable to attached payloads. This thrust simulation of various telemetry subsystems for use in evaluating will ultimately provide the remote command and control of a proposed and planned changes in hardware or operations, which spacecraft from the user’s location. Third, to assess tools for is on ongoing activity of this RTOP. (3) New telemetry systems, development of command and control software systems and including decoders for the 2 dB gain, will be developed using enhancement of the human/computer language medium. This microcircuitry technology. This will involve mathematical, thrust is presently completing an evaluation of Ada in the command algorithmic, and architectural research. and control environment. The next step for this area is the development of a natural language interface for spacecraft W87-70428 310-40-37 controllers. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. HUMAN-TO-MACHINE INTERFACE TECHNOLOGY W87-70431 3 10-40-46 Walt Truszkowski 301 -344-8821 Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. The objectives of this RTOP are to: (1) develop and apply DATA PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY natural manlmachine interfaces for space payload and ground Frederick W. McCaleb 301-344-5407 control systems including data base management systems, and This RTOP supports development and utilization of new (2) develop methodologies, models, interface evaluation tools, and technology to provide higher performance data storage devices guidelines which emphasize the human factor issues associated for use in future data capture, data processing and data distribution with madmachine interfaces and interactions. The intention is to systems. Task 1 will be to Implement an Optical Disk Digital Data apply recent advances in human factors analysis, data base Storage Testbed System capable of operational demonstration of management, and artificial intelligence (AI) to man/machine the capabilities of currently available and future commercial Optical interface and interaction problems in order to realize development Data Storage Devices. Task 2 will be to conduct a requirements and operational improvements. The approach to be taken is: first, analysis and alternative technology trade study to determine to identify and apply state-of-the-art data/information management feasible data storage solutions for NASA’s future high data rate technology in the development of interface standards for distributed data buffering requirements. information access systems; second, to apply human factors analysis, information presentation guidelines and advanced ww-70432 310-4049 knowledge engineering techniques and methodologies in the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. development and application of user interfaces to various data/ SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY information systems actively used in the mission and data Robert W. Nelson 301-344-4751 operations environment. The RTOP is supporting tracking and data The objective of this RTOP is to develop and evaluate relay satellites (TDRSS) operations, mission operations, mission systems-level concepts and technologies which will be utilized to support computing, and general systems engineering activities. optimize the management, operation, and evolution of the Space Tracking and Data Systems (STDS). Major subobjectives are: W87-70429 310-40-44 (1) the development of a systems engineering and management Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. support system for the introduction and consistent use of sys- EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMATION OF OPERATIONS tems engineering principles and management practices in all Dorothy C. Perkins 301 -344-5069 phases of the system life-cycle; (2) the development of a database Work under this RTOP will demonstrate the potential of expert of network models for systems modeling and simulation; and (3) the systems to automate operations and increase operator capacity definition and phased prototype of an advanced software develop-

72 OFFICE OF SPACE TRACKING AND DATA SYSTEMS ment environment. The RTOP approach is to develop associated tools and techniques, apply the techniques to representative problems, and evaluate both the techniques and the results prior to full utilization in STDS. This is a system-level RTOP supporting mission operations, mission support computing, spacecraft data acquisition, data processing, and Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) operations. wa7-70433 310-40-72 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. NETWORK HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TOOLS S. Peak 81 8-354-7229 (310-30-70) The overall objective of this RTOP is to provide Computer- Aided-Design (CAD) tools to Deep Space Network (DSN) engineers which will significantly assist in organizing, conducting, and managing the design and implementation of digital-system hard- ware. The emphasis of this RTOP on computer-assisted tools for digital-circuit design recognizes the critical importance of taking advantage of the potential benefits of custom integrated circuit designs for building digital hardware for future DSN systems. Many future DSN system applications will require custom circuitry, the design costs of which are still relatively high. It is anticipated that a portion of custom circuits required in advanced DSN systems will be integrated and fabricated on a single chip or set of chips. Sophisticated CAD tools minimize development costs by assuring the accuracy of the design by proper simulation, thus reducing the need for extensive breadboarding and repeated fabrications of the design in silicon. A networked system of in-house, university and commercially developed tools will be available by the start of FY-87 which will accommodate all essential steps in design, verification, and testing. In-house developed tools reside on a VAX 111780 (VMS) computer. University developed tools reside on a VAX 111750 (UNIX) workstation. Both sets of tools will be ported to a general purpose VAX 11/750 (UNIX) computer, along with any interface programs. These computers will be networked via IlAN (Interlab Local Area Network) and Ethernet with microcom- puters and commercially developed workstations. This networked Design System will be evaluated by (1) implementing DSN circuits as an IC chip or chip set, and (2) utilizing standard cell libraries to implement mathematical algorithms into silicon.

73 SUBJECT INDEX

RTOP SUMMARY FISCAL YEAR 1987

qpical Subject Index Listing

Planetolow:_. Aeolin Proceases on Planets 151-0180 W87-70140 I I

I IACCURACY Advanced Rotorcraft Technology Lidar Target Calibration Facility 532-06-00 W87-70033 146-72-10 W87-70121 Advanced Turboprop Systems Advanced Scaneromatry 535-0340 W87-70040 A title IS used to provide a more exact descriptlon 161-1 0-08 W87-70193 Advanced Turboprop Systems Radio Metric Technology Development of the subject maner The RTOP accession number 535-0340 W87-70042 310-10-60 W87-70413 is used to locate the bibliographic citations and Earth Orbiter Tracking System Development AEROASSIST Materials and Structures Research and Technology technical summaries in the Summary Section 310-10-61 W87-70414 ACID RAIN 506-4340 W87-70062 Terrestrial Ecosystems Controls and Guidance Research and Technology A 677-21-24 W87-70376 506-4640 w 8 7.7 00 79 Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Propulsion and Power Research and Technology ABRASION Forest Decline Damage 505-62-00 W87-7o007 Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets 677-21-25 W87-70377 ACOUSTIC LEVITATION Advanced Turboprop Systems 151-01-60 W87-70140 Metals and Alloys ABSORPTION CROSS SECTIONS 535-03-00 W87-70040 674-25-04 W87-70351 Photochemistry of the Upper Atmosphere Advanced Turboprop Systems Glasses and Ceramics 535-0340 147-22-01 W87-70131 W87-70042 674-26-08 W87-70357 Atmospheric Photochemistry Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES 506-40-00 W87-70045 147-22-02 W87-70132 Malerials and Structures Research and Technology ABSORPTION SPECTRA Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology 505-6340 W87-70011 506-40-00 W87-70046 Microwave Pressure Sounder Advanced Rotorcraft Technology Information Sciences Research and Technology 146-72-01 W87-70114 532-06-00 W87-70033 Balloon-Borne Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer Advanced Turboprop Systems 506-4540 W87-70072 147-11-07 W87-70124 535-0340 W87-70042 AERODYNAMIC CONFIGURATIONS Atomic and Molecular Properties of Planetary ACOUSTIC VELOCITY Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Atmospheric Constituents GPS Positioning of a Marine Buoy for Plate Motion 505-61-00 W87-70006 154-50-80 W87-70164 Studies Advanced Rotorcraft Technology Fluorescence of Marine Plankton 676-59-45 W87-70372 532-0640 W87-70033 161-30-05 W87-70197 ACOUSTICS AERODYNAMIC DRAG Planetary Astronomy and Supporting Laboratory Viboacoustic HabitabilitylProduclivity Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Research 199-13-40 W87-70249 505-60-M) W87-7OOO1 ACTIVATION 196-41 -67 W67-70240 AERODYNAMIC LOADS Gamma Ray Astronomy and Related Research Theoretical Studies and Calculation of Materials and Structures Research and Technology Electron-MoleculeCollision Processes Relevant to Space 188-46-57 W87-70228 505-63-00 W87-70011 ACTIVE CONTROL Plasma Physics AERODYNAMIC NOISE Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 442-36-58 W87-70303 Advanced Turboprop Systems 505-6040 W87-7o002 535-0340 W87-70040 ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY Systems Analysis Microwave Pressure Sounder AERODYNAMIC STABILITY 506-4940 W87-70092 Materials and Structures Research and Technology 146-72-01 W87-70114 ACTUATORS 505-63-00 W87-70011 In-Situ Measurements of Stratospheric Ozone Controls and Guidance Research and Technology High-PerformanceFlight Research 147-11-05 W87-70123~. 506-4640 W87-70079 Balloon-Borne Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer Systems Analysis 533-0240 W87-70035 AERODYNAMICS 147-11-07 W87-70124 506-4940 W87-70092 Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Planetary Materials: Chemistry ADA (PROORAMMING LANGUAGE) Space Data and Communications Research and 505-60-00 W87-7OW2 152-13-40 W87-70151 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer Technology IR 505-61-00 W87-70005 157-04-80 W87-70185 506-44-00 W87-70071 Mission Operations Technology Materials and Structures Research and Technology Planetary Astronomy and Supporting Laboratory 505-6340 W87-7ooo9 310-40-45 W87-70430 Research Systems Analysis 196-41-67 W87-70240 ADAPTATION Longitudinal Studies (Medical Operations Longitudinal 505-69-00 W87-70025 ABSTRACTS InterdisciplinaryTechnology NASA Ocean Data Svstem (NODS) Studies) 505-9040 W87-70029 199-11-21 W87-70244 161-40-10 W87-70200 InterdisciplinaryTechnology Space Adaptation Syndrome ABUNDANCE 505-9040 W87-70030 Planetary Materials-Carbonaceous Meteorites 199-12-51 W87-70248 Information Sciences Research and Technology 152-13-60 W87-70152 Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) 506-45-00 W87-70074 Atomic and Molecular Properties of Planetary 199-22-92 W87-70264 AEROELASTICITY Atmospheric Constituents Biological Adaptation Materials and Structures Research and Technology 154-50-80 W87-70164 199-40-32 W87-70271 505-6340 W87-7o009 ACCELERATION(PHYSICS) ADAPTIVE CONTROL Materials and Structures Research and technology Ground Experiment Operations High-PerformanceFlight Research 505-63-00 W87-70012 674-2848 W87-70360 533-0240 W87-70036 AEROMANEUVERING ACCELEROMETERS Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Study and Development of a Comet Nucleus Penetrator 506-46-00 W87-70080 - Overguideline 506-46-00 W87-70080 ADHESION AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING 157-04-80 W87-70184 Systems Analysis ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION Materials and Structures Research and Technology 506-43-00 W87-70063 505-69-00 W87-70028 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology InterdisciplinaryTechnology 5056640 W87-70018 AEROACOUSTICS &plied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 505-90-00 W87-70029 ACCRETION DISKS InterdisciplinaryTechnology Formation, Evolution, and Stability of Protostellar 505-6140 W87-7ooo4 505-90-00 W87-70030 Disks Materials and Structures Research and Technology InterdisciplinaryTechnology 151-02-65 W87-70146 505-6340 W87-7ooo9 505-90-00 W87-70031 Ring Dynamics and Morphology Materials and Structures Research and Technology InterdisciplinaryTechnology 151-02-67 W87-70147 505-63-00 W87-70011 505-90-00 W8 7- 700 3 2 Research in Astrophysics: Solar System, Turbulence InterdisciplinaryTechnology Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) 18880-02 W87-70235 505-9040 W87-70030 536-0140 W87-70044 AERONAUTICAL SATELLITES SUBJECT INDEX

AERONAUTICAL SATELLITES Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology. AIR SEA ICE INTERACTIONS Advanced Studies Endocrinology. and Nutrition) Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice 643-10-05 W87-70308 199-21-51 W87-70253 161-40-02 W87-70198 AERONOMY Hematology. Immunology and Endocrinology Examination of Chukchi Air-Sea-Ice Processes Multi-Dimensional Model Studies of the Mars 199-21-52 W87-70254 161-40-30 W87-70201 Ionosphere Neurophysiology AIR TRANSPORTATION 154-60-80 W87-70167 199-22-22 W87-70255 Human Factors Research and Technology Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling Bone Physiology 505-67-00 W87-70021 154.90-80 W87-70169 199-22-31 W87-70256 AIR WATER INTERACTIONS AEROSOLS Bone Physiology Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment 199-22-32 W87-70257 146-66-02 W87-70112 146-72-04 W87-70117 Bone Loss Remote Sensing of Air-Sea Fluxes Lidar Target Calibration Facility 199-22-34 W87-70258 161-80-15 W87-70205 146-72-10 W87-70121 Radiobiology TheoreticalINumericaI Study of the Dynamics of Ocean Atmospheric Backscatter Experiment 199-22-71 W87-70262 Waves 146-72-11 W87-70122 Space Radiation Effects and Protection 161-80-37 W87-70206 Planetary Atmospheric Composition, Structure. and 199-22-76 W87-70263 Large-ScaleAir-Sea Interactions History Vestibular Research Facility WRF) 161-80-42 W87-70210 154-1040 W87-70159 199-22-92 W87-70264 Biogeochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres Medical Information Management System (MIMS) 199-30-72 W87-70267 154-40-80 W87-70162 (Computer Aided Diagnostic with Mathematical Model) Experimental Cloud Analysis Techniques Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures 199-70-33 W87-70285 672-22-06 W87-70333 154-40-80 W87-70163 Vestibular Research Facility WRO Polar Motion and Earth Models Planetary Lightning and Analysis of Voyager 199-80-32 W87-70286 676-30-44 W87-70364 Observations Ultrasound Image Enhancement AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT 154-9080 W87-70168 199-80-34 W87-70287 Airborne Rain Mapping Radar System Planetary Instrument Definition and Development InterdisciplinaryResearch 146-66-05 W87-70113 Balloon-Borne Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer Program ~ Titan Atmospheric Analysis 199-90-71 W87-70292 15704-80 W87-70183 AEROSPACE SCIENCES 147-11-07 W87-70124 Satellite Monitoring of Air Pollution Information Sciences Research and Technology Advanced Scatterometry 176-10-04 W87-70212 506-45-00 W87-70074 161-10-08 W87-70193 Aerosol and Gas Measurements Addressing Aerosol AEROSPACESYSTEMS Global Tropospheric Experiment Aircraft Climatic Effects Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Measurements 672-21-99 W87-70332 506-46-00 W67-70080 176-20-99 W87-70213 Aerosol Formation Models Crew Productivity Gamma Ray Astronomy and Related Research 672-31-02 W87-70335 199-22-62 W87-70261 188-46-57 W87-70228 Climate Modeling with Emphasis on Aerosols and Standard Format Data Unit Remote Sensing Science Program clouds 656-11-02 W87-70320 677-24-01 W87-70385 672-32-02 W87-70337 Standard Formatted Data Unit - CCSDS Panel 2 Arid Lands Geobotany Ames Multi-Program Support for Climate Research 656-11-02 W87-70321 677-42-09 W87-70387 672-50-99 W87-70338 AEROSPACE VEHICLES AlRBORNElSPACEBORNE COMPUTERS AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) 50640-00 W87-70046 505-66-00 W87-70016 536-01-00 W87-70044 Space Data and Communications Research and Space Data and Communications Research and Materials and Structures Research and Technology Technology Technology 506-43-00 W87-70063 506-44-00 W87-70065 506-44-00 W87-70066 Information Sciences Research and Technology Controls and Guidance Research and Technology AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS 506-45-00 W87-70073 506-46-00 W87-70079 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology lnfotmationSciences Research and Technology Space Flight Research and Technology 505-66-00 W87-70018 506-45-00 W87-70074 506-48-00 W87-70086 AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATIONS Space Flight Systems Research and Technology Systems Analysis Propulsion and Power Research and Technology 506-48-00 W87-70088 506-49-00 W87-70094 505-6200 W87-7ooo7 Space Flight Research and Technology AEROTHERMODYNAMICS Advanced Turboprop Systems 506-48-00 W87-70089 Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology 535-03-00 W87-70040 Systems Analysis 506-40-00 W87-70045 AIRCRAFT CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 506-49-00 W87-70096 Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology Materials and Structures Research and Technology AEROSPACE ENVIRONMENTS 506-40-00 W87-70046 505-63-00 W87-70010 Materials and Structure Research and Technology Materials and Structures Reasearch and Technology Systems Analysis 506-43-00 W87-70059 506-43-00 W87-70058 505-6900 W87-70025 Materials and Structures Research and Technology AFRICA Materials and Structures Research and Technology 506-43-00 W87-70064 Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 506-43-00 W87-70063 Space Flight Research and Technology 199-30-99 W87-70268 AIRCRAFT CONTROL 506-48-00 W87-70085 Satellite Measurement of Land Surface Parameters for Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Space Flight Research and Technology Climate Studies 505-66-00 W87-70016 506-48-00 W87-70087 677-21-36 W87-70382 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Planetary Materials: Surface and Exposure Studies AGING (BIOLOGY) 505-66-00 W87-70018 152-17-40 W87-70155 DevelopmentalBiology Systems Analysis X-Gamma Neutron Gammallnstrument Definition 199-40-22 W87-70270 505-69-00 W87-70025 157-03-50 W87-70182 AGRICULTURE High-PerformanceFlight Research In-Flight Diagnostic Sensors Lunar Base Controlled Ecological Life Support System 533-02-00 W87-70035 199-11-34 W87-70247 199-61-11 W67-70280 AIRCRAFT DESIGN Cardiovascular Research (JSC) AIR BREATHING ENGINES Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 199-21-11 W87-70251 Propulsion and Power Research and Technology 505-60-00 W67-7OOO1 Crew Productivity 505-62-00 W87-70007 199-22-62 W87-70261 AIR DATA SYSTEMS Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 505-60-00 W87-70003 Interdisciplinary Research Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology 199-90-71 W87-70292 506-4040 W87-70046 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology SuperconductingGravity Gradiometer AIR FLOW 505-61-00 W87-70004 676-59-33 W87-70371 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Materials and Structures Research and Technology AEROSPACE MEDICINE 505-61-00 W87-70005 505-63-00 W87-70010 Longitudinal Studies (Medical Operations Longitudinal AIR MASSES Flight Systems Research and Technology Studies) Microwave Temperature Profiler for the ER-2 Aircraft 505-68-00 W87-70023 199-11-21 W87-70244 for Support of the StratosphericITroposphericExchange Systems Analysis Space Station Health Maintenance Facility Project 505-69-00 W87-70025 199-11-31 W87-70245 147-14-07 W87-70127 High-PerformanceFlight Research Multi-Sensor Balloon Measurements Ultrasound Detection of Bends 533-02-00 W87-70035 147-16-01 W87-70128 199-11-34 W87-70246 High-PerformanceFlight Research Planetary Lightning and Analysis of Voyager 533-02-00 W87-70036 In-Flight Diagnostic Sensors ObSeNatiOnS 199-11-34 W87-70247 154-90-80 W87-70168 Oblique Wing Technology Space Adaptation Syndrome AIR POLLUTION 533-06-00 W87-70039 199-12-51 W87-70248 Satellite Monitoring of Air Pollution Advanced Turboprop Systems W87-70040 Cardiovascular Research (JSC) 176-10-04 W87-70212 535-03-00 199-21-11 W87-70251 AIR PURIFICATION AIRCRAFT DETECTION Cardiovascular Physiology Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Terrestrial Ecosystems 199-21-1 2 W87-70252 506-41-00 W87-70052 677-2144 W87-70376

1-2 SUNECT INDEX ANTENNAS

AIRCRAFT ENGINES HlRlS Data Processor ANGULAR RESOLUTION Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 656-62-02 W87-70330 Advanced Mission Study Solar X-Ray Pinhole Occulter 50560-00 W87-7ooO1 ExperimentalCloud Analysis Techniques Facility (F’OF) Materials and Structures Research andtechnology 672-22-06 W87-70333 159-3843 W87-70188 505-6300 W87-70012 Geopotential Research Mission (GRM) Studies Gamma Ray Astronomy Systems Analysis 676-59-10 W87-70367 188-46-57 W87-70229 505-69-00 W87-70025 GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional ANIMALS Geodesy in the Caribbean Systems Analysis Bone Loss 876-5931 W87-70369 505-69-00 W87-70027 199-22-34 W87-70258 Fliht Dynamics Technology Turbine Engine Hot Section Technology Gravity-SensingSystems 310-10-26 W87-70412 199-40-12 W87-70269 533-04-00 W87-70037 Communications Systems Research Developmental Biology W87-70270 AIRCRAFT GUIDANCE 31 0-30-71 W87-70427 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Network Hardware and Software Develwment Tools 199-40-22 505-6640 W87-70016 310-40-72 W87-70433 Space Station Life Sciences Controls and Guidance Research and Technology ALIGNMENT 199-90-62 W87-70290 505-66-00 W87-70018 Systems Analysis ANISOTROPY AIRCRAFT HIUIRDS 506-49-00 W87-70092 Materials and Structures Research and technology Fliiht Systems Research and Technology ALKALI METALS 505-63-00 W87-70012 505-68-00 W87-70024 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS 506-41-00 W87-70048 161-80-40 W87-70208 Microwave Pressure Sounder ALLWEATHER AIR NAVIGATION ANNEALING 146-72-01 W87-70114 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology A Laboratory InvestLgation of the Formation, Properties Global Tropospheric Experiment Aircraft 505-66-00 W87-70016 and Evolution of Presolar Grains Measurements ALLOYS 152-1260 W87-70150 176-20-99 W87-70213 Metals and Alloys ANNIHILATION REACTIONS Remote Sensing Science Program 674-25-08 W87-70353 Propulsion Research and Technology 677-24-01 W87-70385 ALLUVIUM 506-4240 W87-70054 AIRCRAFT NOISE Arid Lands Geobotany Theoretical Studies of Active Galaxies and Quasi-Stellar Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 677-42-09 W87-70387 Objects (QSOs) 50561-00 W87-7ooO4 ALPHA PARTICLES 188-46-01 W87-70227 AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE Study and Development of a Comet Nucleus Penetrator ANNOTATIONS Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology - Overguideline Oceanic Remote Sensing Library 505-60-00 W87-7ooO2 157-04-80 W87-70184 161-50-02 W87-70202 Propulsion and Power Research and Technology ALPHANUMERIC CHARACTERS ANNUAL VARIATIONS 505-62-00 W87-7ooO7 Landforms in Polar Regions Physical and Dynamical Models of the Climate on AIRCRAFT SAFETY 677-43-22 W87-70389 Mars Human Factors Research and Technology ALTIMETERS 155-04-80 W87-70170 505-67-00 W87-70019 Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions Remote Sensing of Air-Sea Fluxes FlQht Systems Research and Technology 161-80-42 W87-70210 161-80-15 W87-70205 505-68-00 W87-70024 Gravity Field and Geoid Polar Motion and Earth Models AIRCRAFT STABILITY 676-40-10 W87-70366 676-30-44 W87-70364 Advanced Tufbcprop Systems ALTIMETRY ANTARCTIC REGIONS Planetary Materials: Collection, Preservation, and 535-03-00 W87.70040 Laser Ranging Development Study Distribution AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES 676-59-32 W87-70370 Materials and Structures Research and Technology 152-20-40 W87-70157 Topographic Profile Analysis 505-63-00 W87-70010 ANTENNAARRAYS 677-43-24 W87-70391 Oblique Wing Technology Network Signal Processing 533-06-00 W87-70039 ALTITUDE 310-30-70 W87-70426 AIRFRAMES Atmospheric Backscatter Experiment ANTENNA DESIGN Materials and Structures Research and Technology 146-72-11 W07-70122 Space Data and Communications Research and 505-63-00 W87-70010 Microwave Temperature Profiler for the ER-2 Aircraft Technology AIRPORT TOWERS for Support of the StratosphericlTropospheric Exchange 506-44-00 W87-70065 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Project Space Data and Communications Research and 505-6640 W87-70017 147-14-07 W87-70127 Technology AIRPORTS AMAZON REGION (SOUTH AMERICA) 506-44-00 W87-70066 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Tropical Ecosystem Research Airborne Rain Mapping Radar System 505-66-00 W87-70017 199-30-62 W87-70266 146-6645 W87-70113 ALASKA ANALOG DATA Space Communications Systems Antenna Technology Landforms in Polar Regions Extended Data Base Analysis 65060-20 W87-70313 677-43-22 W87-70389 199-70-12 W87-70283 GPS Positioning of a Marine Buoy for Plate Motion ALBEDO ANALOGS Studies Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) Planetary geology 676-59-45 W87-70372 677-22-28 W87-70384 151-01-20 W87-70139 Advanced Space Systems for Users ot NASA ALGORITHMS Mars Geology: Crustal Dichotomy and Crustal Networks 310-20-46 W87-70420 Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Evolution 505-6060 W87-7m3 151-02-50 W87-70141 Antenna Systems Development Information Sciences Research and Technology 310-20-65 W87-70422 Early Crustal Genesis 505-65-00 W87-70014 ANTENNAFEEDS 152-19-40 W87-70156 Information Sciences Research and Technology Space Data and Communications Research and 505-65-00 W87-70015 Mars Exobiology Research Consortium Technology Information Sciences Research and Technology 155-20-80 W87-70172 506-44-00 W87-70065 506-45-00 W87-70078 GIOTTO PIA Co-InvestigatorSupport Space Data and Communications Research and Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 156-03-04 W87-70176 Technology 506-46-00 W87-70080 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 506-44-00 W87-70066 Automaton and Robotis Technology Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology Advanced Transmitted Systems Development 549-01-00 W87-70107 508-40-00 W87-70045 310-20-64 W87-70421 Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies ANALYZERS Antenna Systems Development 146-6602 W87-70112 Software Engineering Technology 310-20-65 W87-70422 Airborne Rain Mapping Radar System 310-10-23 W87-70411 ANTENNAS 146-6605 W87-70113 ANGLE OF ATTACK Space Data and Communications Research and Remote Sensing of’Atmospheric Structures Flight Systems Research and Technology Technology 154-4090 W87-70163 505-68-00 W87-70022 506-44-00 W87-70066 Fluorescence of Marine Plankton Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Flight Systems Research and Technology 161-30-05 W87-70197 505-68-00 W87-70023 506-46-00 W87-70080 Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice System Analysis 161-40-02 W87-70198 High-PerformanceFlight Research 506-49-00 W87-70090 533-02-00 W87-70035 Examination of Chukchi Air-Sea-Ice Processes Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies 161-40-30 W87-70201 High-PerformanceFlight Research 643-10-01 W87-70306 Ocean Circulation and Satellite Altimetry 533-02-00 W87-70036 Advanced Space Systems for Users of NASA 161-80-38 W87-70207 ANGULAR MOMENTUM Networks Effects of a Large-Scale Wave-Field Component on Formation, Evolution, and Stability of Protostellar 31 0-20-46 W87-70420 Scatterometer-DerivedWinds Disks Antenna Systems Development 161-80-41 W87-70209 151-02-65 W87-70146 310-20-65 W87-70422 Satellite Monitoring of Air Pollution Polar Motin and Earth Models Radio Systems Development 176-10-04 W87-70212 676-30-44 W87-70364 310-20-66 W87-70423

1-3 ANTlMAlTER SUBJECT INDEX

ANTIMATTER ASIA ASTROPHYSICS Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility Space Oceanography Systems Analysis 188-78-46 W87-70232 161-80-43 W87-70211 506-49-00 W87-70091 ANTIPROTONS ASSEMBLIES Systems Analysis Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility DSN Monitor and Control Technology 506-4900 W87-70094 188-78-46 W87-70232 310-30-68 W87-70425 Astronomy and Relativity Data Analysis ANVIL CLOUDS ASSEMBLING 188-41-21 W87-70222 Analysis of Troposphere-StratosphereExchange Automation and Robotics Technology Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar 673-42-01 W87-70339 549-01-00 W87-70108 Medium. Molecular Clouds, Star Formalion 188-41-53 W8 7.7 02 2 5 APERTURES Automation and Robotics Laboratory Study of Chemical and Physical Properties Advanced Mission Study Solar X-Ray Pinhole Occulter 549-01-00 W87-70109 Facility (PO0 of Interstellar PAHs ASTEROIDS 159-38-03 W87-70188 188-41-57 W87-70226 Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology Gamma Ray Astronomy Antenna Systems Development 152-12-40 W87-70149 310-2065 W87-70422 168-4657 W87-70229 APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS (COMPUTERS) Planetary Materials: Chemistry Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility 152-13-40 W87-70151 Medical Information Management System (MIMS) 188-78-46 W87-70232 (Computer Aided Diagnostic with Mathematical Model) Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization Astrophrjical CCD Development 199-70-33 W87-70285 Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote 188-78-60 W87-70233 Propagation Studies and Measurements Planetary Analyses Research in Astrophysics: Solar System, Turbulence 643-10-03 W87-70307 157-03-40 W87-70181 188-80-02 W87-70235 MPP Software (Systems and Applications) X-Gamma Neutron Gammallnstrument Definition Ground-Based InfraredAstronomy 656-20-26 W87-70325 157-03-50 W87-70182 196-41-50 W87-70237 Image Processing Capability Upgrade Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Asteroids Evolution of Advanced Life 67740-22 W87-70397 Using the VLA 199-52-42 W87-70277 ARCHITECTURE (COMPUTERS) 196-41-51 W87-70238 Sounding Rocket (Spartan) Experiments (High Energy Information Sciences Research and Technology Optical Astronomy Astrophysics) 505-6500 W87-70014 196-41-71 W87-70242 879-11-46 W87-70409 Information Sciences Research and Technology Cosmic Evolution of Biogenic Compounds X-ray Astronomy 505-65-00 W87-70015 199-52-12 W87-70272 879-31-46 W87-70410 Space Data and Communications Research and Characteristics of Volatiles in Interplanetary Dust ATLANTIC OCEAN Technology Particles CurrentsITides from Altimetry 506-44-00 W87-70066 199-52-31 W87-70275 161-20-07 W87-70194 Space Data and Communications Research and Solar System Exploration ATMOSPHERIC ATENUATION Technology 199-52-52 W87-70278 IR Remote Sensing of SST 506-44-00 W87-70067 Data Analysis - Exobiology in Solar System 161-30-03 W87-70196 Information Sciences Research and Technology Exploration ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER 506-4500 W87-70075 199-70-22 W87-70284 Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies 146-66-02 W87-70112 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Advanced Transmitted Systems Development 506-46-00 W87-70062 310-20-64 W87-70421 IR Remote Sensing of SST Automation and RObOtics Technology ASTRODYNAMICS 14672-03 W87-70116 549-01-00 W87-70106 Ring Dynamics and Morphology InterdisciplinaryScience Support Automation and Robotics Technology 151-02-67 W87-70147 147-51-1 2 W87-70137 549-01-00 W87-70107 ASTROMETRY IR Remote Sensing of SST Advanced Systems Architecture Astronomy and Relativity Data Analysis 161-3043 W87-70196 656-44-10 W87-70329 188-41-21 W87-70222 Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling DSN Monitor and Control Technology ASTRONAUTS 176-40-1 4 W87-70215 310-3048 W87-70425 Longitudinal Studies (Medical Operations Longitudinal Experimental Cloud Analysis Techniques ARCTIC OCEAN Studies) 672-22-06 W87-70333 Examination of Chukchi Air-Sea-Ice Processes 199-11-21 W87-70244 ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY 161-40-30 W87-70201 Space Adaptation Syndrome In-Situ Measurements of Stratospheric Ozone ARCTIC REGIONS 199-12-51 W87-70248 147-11-05 W87-70123 Biogeochemical Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems Neurophysiology Multi-Sensor Balloon Measurements 677-21-35 W87-70381 199-22-22 W87-70255 147-1641 W87-70128 ARIANE LAUNCH VEHICLE Bone Physiology Chemical Kinetics of the Upper Atmosphere MagnoliaIMagnetic Field Explorer 199-22-32 W87-70257 147-21-03 W87-70130 676-59-80 W87-70374 Space Radiation Effects and Protection Photochemistry of the Upper Atmosphere ARID LANDS 199-22-76 W87-70263 147-22-01 W87-70131 Arid Lands Geobotany ASTRONOMICAL MODELS Atmospheric Photochemistry 677-42-09 W87-70387 Formation, Evolution, and Stability of Protostellar 147-22-02 W87-70132 ARRAYS Disks Data Survey and Evaluation Ultraviolet Detector Development 151-02-65 W87-70146 147-51-01 W87-70136 188-41-24 W87-70224 Planetary Materials: Mineralogy and Petrology Atomic and Molecular Properties of Planetary Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Asteroids 152-11-40 W87-70148 Atmospheric Constituents Using the VLA Planetary Materials-Carbonaceous Meteorites 154-5040 W87-70164 196-41-51 W87-70238 152-13-60 W87-70152 Kinetic Studies of Tropospheric Free Radicals Program Development (GSFC) Early Crustal Genesis 176-30-01 W87-70214 677-80-80 W87-70398 152-19-40 W87-70156 Optical Astronomy ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Aeronomy Theory and Analysis/Cumet Models 196-41-71 W87-70242 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 154-60-80 W87-70166 Atmosphere-Ionosphere-MagnetosphereInteractions 505-6600 W87-70018 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORIES 442-20-01 W87-70293 Human Factors Research and Technology The Large-Scale Phenomena Program of the NASA Climate Data System 505-67-00 W87-70019 International Halley Watch (IHW) 656-31-05 W87-70327 Space Data and Communications Research and 156-02-02 W87-70174 Aerosol Formation Models Technology Infrared Imaging of Comets 672-31-02 W87-70335 506-4400 W87-70071 196-41-30 W87-70236 Ames Multi-Program Support for Climate Research Information Sciences Research and Technology ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES 672-50-99 W87-70338 506-45-00 W87-70075 A Study of the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) for Mesospheric Theory Human Factors Research and Technology Astronomy Applications 673-61-02 W87-70340 506-47-00 W87-70084 159-41-01 W87-70189 Chemistry of Stratosphere Automation and Robotics Technology Ground-Based Infrared Astronomy 673-62-04 W87-70342 549-01-00 W87-70108 196-41-50 W87-70237 Stratospheric Chemistry and Transport Automation and Robotics ASTRONOMY 673-6444 W87-70343 549-0100 W87-70109 Planetary Instrument Development ProgramlPlanetary Development of the Pressure Modulator Infrared Human-To-Machine InterlaceTechnology Astronomy Radiometer 310-40-37 W87-70428 157-05-50 W87-70186 838-59-03 W87-70402 Optical Technology for Space Astronomy ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION Automation and Robotics Technology 188-41-23 W87-70223 Meteorological Parameters Extraction 549-01-00 W87-70110 Laboratory Study of Chemical and Physical Properties 146-66-01 W87-70111 Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics of Interstellar PAHs Experiments 188-41-57 W87-70226 Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies 445-11-36 W87-70304 Planetary Astronomy and Supporting Laboratory 146-66-02 W87-70112 Advanced Studies Research Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment 643-10-05 W87-70309 19641-67 W87-70240 146-72-04 W87-70117 Earth Orbiter Tracking System Development Optical Astronomy Atmospheric Backscatter Experiment 310-10-61 W87-70414 196-41-71 W87-70242 14672-11 W87-70122

1-4 SUMECT INDEX AZIMUTH

Microwave Temperature Profiler for the ER-2 Aircraft Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling ATOMIC SPECTRA for Support of the StratospkiclTropospheric Exchange 154-9080 W67-70169 Planetary Materials: Chemistry Project Physical and Oynamical Models 01 the Climate on 152-13-40 W87-70151 147-14-07 W87-70127 Mars Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres ATOMIC STRUCTURE 155.04-80 W87-70170 X-Gamma Neutron Gammallnstrument Definition 154-20-80 W87-70180 Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling 157-03-50 W87-70182 Physical and Dynamical Models of the Climate on 176100-14 W87-70215 Mars Radiative Effects in Clwds First International Satellite ATROPHY Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology. 155-0440 W87-70170 Clwd Climatology Regional Experiment Endocrinology. and Nutrition) Extensions and Testing of the Hydrologic 672-22-99 W87-70334 Parameterizationin the GlSS Atmospheric GCM Aerosol Fwmation Models 199-21-51 W87-70253 672-31-12 W87-70336 672-31-02 W87-70335 Muscle Physiology Stratospheric Dynamics Stratospheric Dynamics 199-22-42 W87-70259 673-61-03 W87-70341 673-61-03 W87-70341 Muscle Physiology Chemistry of Stratosphere StratomChemistry and Transport 199-22-44 W87-70260 673-62-04 W87-70342 873-6444 W87-70343 Stratospheric Chemistry and Transport ATTENUATION Polar Motion and Earth Models IR Remote Sensing of SST 673-64-04 W87-70343 67630-44 W87-70364 BiogeochemicalCycling in Tenestrial Ecosystems 140-7243 W87-70116 Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology ~ Global 877-2135 W87-70381 ATTITUDE CONTROL Simulations Remote Sensing Science Program Gamma Ray Astronomy 677-92-24 W87-70401 677-24-01 W87-70385 188-4657 W87-70229 Development of the Presswe Modulator lnlrared ATMOSPHERK: MOISTURE Flight Dynamics Technology Radiometer Tropospheric Temperature Sounder 3 10-10-26 W87-70412 838-59-03 W87-70402 146-72-02 W87-70115 AUDIO EQUIPMENT ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AMSU Research Studies GPS Positioning of a Marine Buoy for Plate Motion In-Situ Measurements of Stratospheric Ozone 146-7245 W87-70118 Studies 147-11-05 W87-70123 IR Remote Sensing of SST 676-5945 W87-70372 Balloon-Borne Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer 161-30-03 W87-70196 147-11-07 W87-70124 Extensions and Testing of the Hydrologic AUGMENTATION Balloon Microwave Limb Sounder (BMLS) Stratospheric Parameterization in the GlSS Atmospheric GCM Space Flihl Systems Research and Technology Measurements 672-31-12 W87-70338 506-48-00 W87-70088 147-12-06 W87-70125 ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS AURORAL ELECTROJETS Far Infrared Balloon Radiometer for OH Research in Astrophysics: Solar System, Turbulence Data Analysis .Space Plasma Physics 147-12-15 W87-70126 188-80-02 W87-70235 442-20-02 W87-70295 Multi-Sensor Balloon Measurements Atrospherelonosphere-MagnetosphereInteractions AURORAS 147-1601 W87-70128 442-20-01 W87-70293 Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling Infrared Laboratory Spectroscopy in Support 01 Aerosol Formation Models 154-90-80 W67-70189 stratospheric Measurements 672-31-02 W87-70335 Particle and PartiilPhoton lnteractiMls (Atmospheric 147-23-06 W67-70133 Development of the Pressure Modulator Infrared Magnetospheric Coupling) Laser Laboratory Spectroscopy Radiometer 442-38-56 W87-70301 147-23-09 W87-70134 838-59-03 W87-70402 AUSTRALIA MillimeterlSubmillim~erLaboratory Spectroscopy ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE Topographic Profile Analysis 147-23-10 W87-70135 Microwave Pressure Sounder 677-43-24 W87-70391 Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets 146-7241 W87-70114 AUSTRIA 151-01 -60 W87-70140 Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of Planetary Atmospheric Composition, Structure, and 151-01-60 W87-70140 History Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer Forest Decline Damage 154-10-60 W87-70159 157-0440 W87-70185 677-21-25 W67-70377 Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION AUTOMATIC CONTROL 154-20-80 W87-70160 Atmospheric Dynamics and Radiation Science Supporl Human Factors Research and Technology Atomic and Molecular Prope~s of Planetary 14672-09 W67-70120 505-67-00 W87-70021 Atmospheric Constituents IR Remote Sensing of SST Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 154-5040 W67-70164 1613003 W87-70196 506-4640 W87-70080 Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer Gamma Ray Astronomy and Related Research Human Factors Research and Technology 157-0440 W87-70185 188-4657 W87-70228 506-47-00 W87-70084 Global Trwc Experiment Aircraft Global lnventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment Automation and Robotics Technology Measurements 199-30-99 W87-70268 549-01-00 W87-70105 176-20-99 W87-70213 Aerosol Formation Models Automation and Robotics Technology Planetaty Astronomy and Supporting Labcfatory 672-31-02 W87-70335 549-01-00 W87-70106 Research Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment Automation and Robotics Technology 196-41-67 W87-70240 677-21-32 W87-70379 Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment ATMOSPHERIC REFRACTION 540-01-00 W87-70107 199-30-90 W87-70268 Laser Ranging Development Study Automation and Robotics Technology Early Atmosphere: Geochemistry and Photochemistty 676-59-32 W87-70370 549-01-00 W87-70108 199-52-26 W87-70274 ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING Automation and Robotics Mesospheric Theory Tropospheric Temperature Sounder 549-01-00 W87-70109 673-61-02 W87-70340 146-7802 W87-70115 Automation and Robotics Technology Stratospheric Dynamics AMSU Research Studies 549-01 -00 W87-70110 673-61-03 W87-70341 148-7245 W87-70118 Space Systems and Navigation Technology Development of the Pressure Modulator Infrared ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE 31 0-10-63 W67-70416 Radiometer Meteorological Parameters Extraction Mission Operations Technology 838-59-03 W87-70402 14666-01 W87-70111 310-40-45 W67-70430 ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS Tropospheric Temperature Sounder AUTOMATION Optical Technology for Space Astronomy 146-72-02 W87-70115 Flight Dynamics Technology Microwave Temperature Profiler for the ER-2 Aircraft 188-41-23 W87-70223 310-10-26 W87-70412 Global Inventory Monitciing and Modeling Experiment for Support of the Stratospheric/Tropospheric Exchange AUTONOMY 677-21-32 W87-70379 Project Human Factors Research and Technology ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY 147-14-07 W87-70127 Planetary Liihtning and Analysis of Voyager Planetary Atmospheric Composition. Structure, and 506-47-00 W87-70083 Observations History Systems Analysis 506-4900 154-9040 W87-70168 154-1040 W67-70159 W87-70092 ATMOSPHERIC ENTRY Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures AUXILIARY PROPULSION Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology 154-4080 W87-70163 Propulsion Research and Technology 506-40-00 W87-70046 Physical and Dynamical Models of the Climate on 506-42-00 W87-70056 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Man Space Fliht Research and Technology 5o6-4600 W87-70079 15504.80 W87-70170 50648-00 W87-70087 Space Flight Research and Technology Remote Sensing of Air-Sea Fluxes AVAIUBILITY 506-48-00 W87-70086 16140-15 W87-70205 Advanced CCD Camera Development ATMOSPHERIC MODELS ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE 157-01-70 W87-70179 Multi-Sensor Balloon Measurements Fliht Systems Research and Technolow "I AVOIDANCE 147-16-01 W87-70128 505-6-00 W87-70022 Flight Systems Research and Technology Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres ATOMIC PHYSICS 505-66-00 W87-70022 154-20-80 W87-70160 Atomic and Molecular Propertis of Planetary AZIMUTH Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres Atmospheric Constituents Advanced Scafteromstry 154-40-80 W87-70162 154-50-80 W87-701M 161-10-08 W87-70193

1-5 BACKGROUND NOISE SUBJECT INDEX

BIAS BIOMASS ENERGY PRODUCTION B Ocean Circulation and Satellite Altimetry Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 161-80-38 W87-70207 199-30-99 W87-70268 BACKGROUND NOISE BIBLIOGRAPHIES Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 677-21-32 W87-70379 Ground-Basad Infrared Astronomy Oceanic Remote Sensing Library 196-41-50 W87-70237 161-5042 W87-70202 BIOMEDICAL DATA BACKGROUND RADIATION Consulting and Program Support Biolwical Adaotation A Study of the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) for 674-29-08 W87-70362 199-40-32 W87-70271 Astronomy Applications BIOACOUSTICS BIOPHYSICS 159-4141 W87-70189 Ultrasound Detection of Bends Forest Biomass Gamma Ray Astronomy and Related Research 199-11-34 W87-70246 677-21-05 W87-70375 188-46-57 W87-70228 BIOASTRONAUTICS Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of BACKSCAlTERING Cardiovascular Research (JSC) Forest Decline Damage Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment 199-21-11 W87-70251 677-21-25 W87-70377 146-72-04 W87-70117 Cardiovascular Physiology Biogeochemical Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems Lidar Target Calibration Facility 199-21-12 W87-70252 677-21-35 W87-70381 146-72-10 W87-70121 EndOCrinGlogy and Physiological Control (Hematology. Remote Sensina Science Prwram W87-70385 Atmospheric Backscatter Experiment Endocrinology, and Nuwitin) 677-24-01 146-72-11 W87-70122 199-21-51 W87-70253 And Lands Geobotany W67-70387 Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice Hematology. Immunology and Endocrinology 677-42-09 161-4042 W87-70198 199-21-52 W87-70254 BIOPROCESSING New Techniques for Quantitative Analysis of SAR Neurophysiology Biotechnology Research Images 199-22-22 W87-70255 674-23-01 W87-70347 677-46-02 W87-70395 Bone Physiology Biotechnology BACKWARD WAVES 199-22-31 W87-70256 674-23-08 W87-70348 Information Sciences Research and Technology Bone Loss BIOREACTORS 506-45-00 W87-70076 199-22-34 W87-70258 Biotechnology Research W87-70347 BACTERIA Muscle Physiology 674-2341 The Early Evolution of Life 199-22-42 W87-70259 BIOSATELLITES 199-52-32 W87-70276 Muscle Physiology Developmental Biology BALLISTIC TRAJECTORIES 199-22-44 W87-70260 199-40-22 W87-70270 NASA-Ames Research Center Vertical Gun Facility BIOCHEMISTRY BIOSPHERE 151-02-60 W87-70142 In-flight Diagnostic Sensors Biospheric Monitonng and Disease Prediction BALLOON FLIGHT 199-11-34 W87-70247 199-30-32 W87-70265 Multi-Sensor Balloon Measurements Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology. Early Atmosphere Geochemistry and Photochemistry W87-70274 147-16-01 W87-70128 Endocrinology. and Nutrition) 199-52-26 X-Gamma Neutron Gamma/ Instrument Definition 199-21-51 W87-70253 Space Station Life Sciences 199-90-62 W87-70290 15743.50 W87-70182 Bone Physiology Gamma Ray Astronomy and Related Research 199-22-31 W87-70256 Forest Dynamics W87-70383 188-46-57 W87-70228 Bone Loss 677-21-40 BALLOON SOUNDING 199-22-34 W87-70256 Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - Global Balloon Microwave Limb Sounder (BMLS) Stratospheric Muscle Physiology Simulatlons Measurements 199-2242 W87-70259 677-92-24 W87-70401 147-12-W W87-70125 The Early Evolution of Lila BIOSYNTHESIS Far Infrared Balloon Radiometer for OH 199-52-32 W87-70276 Muscle Physiology W87-70259 147-12-15 W87-70126 Space Station Life Sciences 199-22-42 Multi-Sensor Balloon Measurements 199-90-62 W87-70290 BIOTECHNOLOGY 147-16-01 W87-70128 BIOCONVERSION Biotechnology Research 674-23-01 W87-70347 Chemistry of Stratosphere Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 673-62-04 W87-70342 199-30-99 W87-70268 Smtechnology BALLOON-BORNE INSTRUMENTS Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 674-23-08 W87-70348 In-Situ Measurements of Stratospheric Ozone 677-21-32 W87-70379 BIPOLARITY 147-11-05 W87-70123 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY Formation, Evolution. and Stability of Protostellar Balloon-Borne Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer Tropical Ecosystem Research Disks 147-11-07 W87-70124 199-30-62 W87-70266 151-02-65 W87-70 146 Center for Star Formation Studies Balloon Microwave Limb Sounder (BMLS) Stratospheric Biogeochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems 188-48-52 W87-70231 Measurements 199-30-72 W87-70267 147-12-06 W87-70125 Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment BITS Communicatins Laboratory lor Transponder Far Infrared Balloon Radiometer for OH 199-30-99 W87-70268 Development 147-12-15 W87-70126 BiogeochemicalCycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems 677-21-35 W87-70381 650-60-23 W87-70316 Laser Laboratory Spectroscopy BLACK HOLES (ASTRONOMY1 147-23-09 W87-70134 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS Biological Adaptatin X-ray Astronomy Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres 199-40-32 W87-70271 188-46-59 W87-70230 154-20-80 W87-70160 BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION BODY FLUIDS BANDWIDTH Gravity-SensingSystems Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology. Atomic and Molecular Properties of Planetary 199-40-12 W87-70269 Endocrinology, and Nulntion) Atmospheric Constituents Developmental Biology 199-21-51 W87-70253 154-50-80 W87-70164 199-40-22 W87-70270 BODY-WING CONFIGURATIONS Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer Biological Adaptation High-PerformanceFlight Research 157-04-80 W87-70185 199-40-32 W87-70271 533-02-00 W87-70035 X-ray Ashonomy Cosmic Evolution of Biogenic Compounds BOLOMETERS 188-46-59 W67-70230 199-52-12 W87-70272 Infrared lmaaina-- of Comets 196-41-30 W87-70236 Mobile Communications Technology Development The Early Evolution of Life 650-60-15 W87-70312 199-52-32 W87-70276 BONE DEMINERALIZATION Bone Physiology Satellite Switching and Processing Systems Evolution of Advanced Life 199-22-31 W87-70256 650-60-21 W87-70314 199-52-42 W87-70277 Bone Physiology BAROMETERS Solar System Exploration 199-52-52 W87-70278 199-22-32 W87-70257 Polar Motion and Earth Models Data Analysis - Exobiology in Solar System Bone Loss 676-30-44 W87-70364 W87-70258 Exploration 199-22-34 BEAM WAVEGUIDES 199-70-22 W87-70284 BONES Antenna Systems Development BIOLOGICAL MODELS (MATHEMATICS) Bone Physiology 310-20-65 W87-70422 Forest Dynamics 199-22-31 W87-70256 Radio Systems Development 677-21-40 W87-70383 Bone Physiology 31 0-20-66 W87-70423 BIOMASS 199-22-32 W87-70257 BED REST Ocean Productivity Bone Loss Cardiovascular Research (JSC) 161-30-02 W87-70195 199-22-34 W87-70258 199-21-11 W87-70251 Analysis of Oceanic Productivity BOUNDARIES Cardiovascular Physiology 161-50-07 W87-70204 IR Remote Sensing of SST 199-21-12 W87-70252 Forest Biomass 161-30-03 W87-70196 Muscle Physiology 677-21-05 W87-70375 Ground-BasadObservations of the Sun W87-70219 199-22-44 W87-70260 Forest Evapotranspirationand Production 188-38-52 BEDROCK 677-21-31 W87-70378 BOUNDARY LAYER TRANSITION Topographic Profile Analysis Arid Lands Geobotany Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 677-43-24 W87-70391 677-42-09 W87-70387 505-60-00 W87-70002

1-6 SUBJECT INDEX CERAMICS

BOUNDARYLAYERS BURWS (INJURIES) Forest Evapotranspirationand Production Microwave Temperature Profiler for the ER-2 Aircraft Arid Lands Geobotany 677-21-31 W87-70378 for Support of the StratosphericlTropospheric Exchange 677-4249 W87-70387 CARBON CYCLE Project BURSTS Biogeochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems 147-1447 W87-70127 Gamma Ray Astronomy 199-30-72 W87-70267 GiOTTO. Magnetic Field Experiments 188-4657 W87-70229 Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 1560305 W87-70177 X-ray Astronomy 677-21-32 W67-70379 TheoreticallNumerical Study 01 the Dynamics of Ocean 188-4659 W87-70230 CARBON DIOXIDE Waves Satellite Switching and Processing Systems Atmospheric Backscatter Experiment 161-80-37 W87-70206 650-60-21 W87-70314 146-72-11 W87-70122 Communications Laboratory for Transponder Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling Gas Correlation Wind Sensor 176-40-14 W87-70215 Development 147-10-02 W67-70129 65040-23 W87-70316 BOUNDARYVALUEPROBLEMS Physical and Dynamical Models of the Climate on Combustion Science Mars 674-2245 W87-70346 155-04-80 W87-70170 C Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment Forest Dynamics 199-30-99 W87-70268 677-21-40 W87-70383 C BAND Stratospheric Chemistry and Transport Topographic Profile Analysis Examination of Chukchi Air-Sea-Ice Processes 613-64-04 W87-70343 161-40-30 W87-70201 677-43-24 W87-70391 CARBON DIOXIDE LASERS C-135 AIRCRAFT BOW WAVES Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment Ground Experiment Operations GIOTTO . Ion Mass Spectrometer, &Investigator 146-72-04 W07-70111 674-2846 W87-70360 support Lidar Target Calibration Facility CABIN ATMOSPHERES 15603-03 W87-70175 146-72-10 W87-70121 Spacecraft Environmental Factors GIOlTO. Magnetic Field Experiments Planetary Instrument Development ProgramlPlanetary 199-13-41 W87-70250 156-0345 W87-70177 Astronomy CALCIUM BRAZIL 157-05-50 W87-70186 Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology. Satellite Monitoring of Air Pollution CARBON MONOXIDE Endocrinology. and Nutrition) 17610-04 W87-70212 Theocetil Studii and Calculation of 199-21-51 W87-70253 BREADBOARD MODELS Electron-MoleculeCollision Processes Relevant to Space CALCIUM METABOLISM Mariner Mark I1 Imaging Plasma Physics Bone Physiology 157-03-08 W87-70180 442-36-58 W87-70303 199-22.31 W87-70256 Definitii and Devdcpnent of a Thermal Ionization CARBONACEOUSMETEORITES Bone Physiology Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote Planetary Materials-Carbonaceous Meteorites 199-22-32 W87-70257 Planetary Analyses 152-13-60 W87-70152 CALDERAS 157-03-40 W87-70181 CARCINOGENS GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional A Study of the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) for Space Radiation Effects and Protection Geodesy in the Caribbean Astronomy Applications 199-22-76 W67-70263 67659-31 W87-70369 159-4 1-01 W87-70189 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Remote Sensing of Volcanic Features Advanced Scalterometry Cardiovascular Research (JSC) 161-10-08 W87-70193 677-43-25 W87-70392 CALIBRATING 199-21-11 W87-70251 Biioregenerative Life Support Research (CELSS) Cardiovascular Physiology Microwave Pressure Sounder 199-61-12 W87-70261 199-21-1 2 W87-70252 14672-01 W87-70114 Advanced Technology pevelopment - Future Life Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology, Lidar Target Calibration Facility Sciences Flight Experiments Endocrinology, and Nutrition) 146-72-10 W87-70121 199-8042 W87-70288 199-21-51 W87-70253 Laser Laboratory Spectroscopy Design Definition for a Planetary Thermal Infrared CARIBBEAN REGION 147-23-09 W87-70134 Multispectral Scanner (PTIMS) GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets 838-59-80 W87-70406 Geodesy in the Caribbean 151-02-63 W87-70144 Network Signal Processing 676-59-31 W87-70369 GIOTTO Ion Mass Spectrometer, Co-Investigator 310-30-70 W87-70426 - CARRIER FREQUENCIES support BREMSSTRAHLUNG Network Signal Processing 156-0343 W87-70175 Theoretical Studies of Active Galaxies and Quasi-Stellar 310-30-70 W87-70426 Biological Adaptation Objects (QSOs) CASE HISTORIES 199-40-32 W87-70271 188-46-01 W87-70227 Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling Laser Ranging Development Study BRITISH COLUMBIA 176-40-14 W87-70215 67659-32 W87-70370 Continental Accretion CATALOGS (PUBLICATIONS) Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology 677-43-23 W87-70390 - NASA Climate Data System Measurements Techniques BRITTLE MATERIALS 656-31-05 W87-70327 677-92-23 W87-70400 Materials and Structures Research and Technaogy Advanced Systems Architecture CALIFORNIA 50563-00 W87-70010 656-44-10 W87-70329 Ocean Productivity BRllTLENESS Consulting and Program Support Earth Structure and Geophysics 161-30-02 W87-70195 Analysis Oceanic Productivity 674-29-08 W87-70362 876-30-05 W87-70363 of CATALYSIS 161-50-07 W87-70204 Tectonics of Western Basin and Range Materials and Structures Research and Technology 677-43-21 W67-70388 GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional Geodesy in the Caribbean 50643-00 W87-70062 BROADBAND CATHODIC COATINGS 67659-3 t W87-70369 X-ray Astronomy Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Remote Sensing of Volcanic Features 188-4659 W87-70230 506-41-00 W87-70048 677-43-25 W87-70392 Experiments Coordination and Mission Support CELLS (BIOLOGY) CAMERAS 64641-01 W87-70310 Bone Physiology Advanced CCD Camera Development Radio Systems Development 199-22-32 W87-70257 157-01-70 W87-70179 310-20-66 W87-70423 Biological Adaptation Astrophysical CCD Development BUBBLES 199-40-32 W87-70271 188-7840 W87-70233 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Biotechnology Research Infrared Imaging of Comets 505-61-00 W87-7o005 674-23-01 W87-70347 196-41-30 W87-70236 Ultrasound Detection of Bends CELLULOSE CANADA 199-11-34 W87-70246 Arid Lands Geobotany Continental Accretion BUDGETS 677-42-09 W87-70387 677-43-23 W87-70390 Ames Multi-Program Support for Climate Research CENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM CANOPIES (VEGETATION) 672-50-99 W87-70338 Neurophysiology Forest Biomass BUFFER STORAGE 199-22-22 W87-70255 677-21-05 W87-70375 Space Data and Communications Research and CENTRAL PROCESSING UNITS Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of Technology Space Data and Communications Research and Forest Decline Damage 506-4400 W67-70070 Technology 677-21-25 W87-70377 BUOYANCY 506-44-00 W87-70065 Biogeochemical Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems Metals and Alloys CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES 677-21-35 W87-70381 674-25-08 W87-70353 Ceramics for Turbine Engines BUOYS CAPILLARY FLOW 533-05-00 W87-70038 Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions Fluid Dynamics and Transport Phenomena Materials and Structures Research and Technology 161-80-42 W87-70210 674-24-05 W07-70349 506-4340 W87-70063 Space Oceanography CARBON CERAMICS 161-80-43 W87-70211 Planetary Materials: Isotope Studies Materials and Structures Research and Technology GPS Positioning of a Marine Buoy for Plate Motion 152-15-40 W87-70154 505-6340 W87-70010 Studies Early Atmosphere: Geochemistry and Photochemistry Materials and Structures Research and technology 67659-45 W87-70372 199-52-26 W87-70274 505-63-00 W87-70012

1-7 CH-34 HELICOPTER SUBJECT INDEX

Materials and Sbuctures Research andTechnology Data Analysis - Exobiology in Solar System Examination of Chukchi Air-Sea-Ice Processes 506-4300 W87-70062 Exploration 161-40-30 W87-70201 Glasses and Ceramics 199-70-22 W87-70284 CIRCUITS 674-26-05 W87-70356 Ames Multi-Program Support for Climate Research Information Sciences Research and Technology Glasses and Ceramics 672-50-99 W87-70338 506-45-00 W87-70076 674-2640 W87-70357 CHEMICAL EFFECTS CIRCULAR CYLINDERS CH-34 HELICOPTER Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling npplii Aerodynamics Research and Technology Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 154-90-80 W87-70169 505-61-00 W87-7ooo5 505-6100 W87-7ooo6 CHEMICAL ELEMENTS CIRCULATION CHARACTERIZATION GIOlTO PIA Co-Investigator Support Bone Physiology Materials and Structures Research and Technology 156-0304 W87-70176 199-22-32 W87-70257 506-4300 W87-7oO60 CHEMICAL ENERGY CIRCULATION CONTROL ROTORS Information Sciences Research and Technology Space Energy Conversion Rasearch and Technology Technology for Next Generation Rotorcraft 506-45-00 W87-70075 506-41-00 W87-70048 532-09-00 W87-70034 CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES CHEMICAL EVOLUTION CIRRUS CLOUDS Information Sciences Research and Technology Cosmic Evolution of Biogenic Compounds Experimental Cloud Analysis Techniques 506-4540 W87-70073 199-52-12 W87-70272 672-22-06 W8 7 - 70 3 3 3 Aeronomy Themy and AnalysislComet Models Prebiotic Evolution Radiative Effects in Clouds First International Satellite 154-6040 W87-70166 199-52-22 W87-70273 Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment Advanced CCD Camera Devalopment CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 672-22-99 W87-70334 157-01-70 W87-70179 Early Crustal Genesis CIVIL AVIATION Ultraviolet Detector Development 152-1 9-40 W87-70156 Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 188-41-24 W87-70224 Planetary Clouds Particulates and Ices 505-6000 W87-7ooO1 Astrophysical CCD Development 154-30-80 W87-70161 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 188-7840 W87-70233 Aeronomy Theory and AnalysislComet Models 505-61-00 W87-70004 Oplical Astronomy 154-6080 W87-70166 Materials and Structures Research and Technology 196-41-71 W87-70242 GIOTTO - Ion Mass Spectrometer. Co-Investigator 505-63-00 W87-7ooo9 CHARGE TRANSFER Support Materials and Structures Research and Technology GIOlT0 - Ion Mass Spectrometer, Co-Investigator 156-03-03 W67-70175 505-63-00 W87-70011 support Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 156-03-03 W87-70175 Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument lor Remote 505-66-00 W87-70016 CHARGED PARTICLES Planetary Analyses Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Materials and Structure Research and Technology 157-03-40 W87-70181 505-66-00 W87-70018 506-43-00 W87-70059 Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling Human Factors Research and Technology Theoretical Studies 01 Galaxies. The Interstellar 176-40-14 W87-70215 505-67-00 W87-70021 Medium. Molecular Clouds, Star Formation Laboratory Study of Chemical and Physical Properties Flight Systems Research and Technology 188-41-53 W87-70225 of Interstellar PAHs 505-68-00 W87-70023 Data Analysis - Space Plasma Physics 188-41-57 W87-70226 Flight Systems Research and Technology 442-20-02 W87-70295 In-flight Diagnostic Sensors 505-68-00 W87-70024 Energetic Particles and Plasmas in the Magnetospheres 199-11-34 W87-70247 Systems Analysis of Jupiter and Saturn Cosmic Evolution of Biogenic Compounds 505-69-00 W87-70025 442-20-04 W87-70296 199-52-12 W87-70272 Advanced Rotorcraft Technology CHECKOUT Aerosol and Gas Measurements Addressing Aerosol 53206-00 W87-70033 EOS High Rate Data System Testbed Climatic Effects Tuhine Engine Hot Section Technology 656-25-01 W87-70326 672-21-99 W87-70332 533-04-00 W87-70037 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Climate Modeling with Emphasis on Aerosols and CLASSIFICATIONS Planetary Materials-CarbonaceousMeteorites Clouds GIOTTO PIA Co-lnvesbgator Support 152-1340 W87-70152 672-32-02 W87-70337 156-03-04 W87-70176 GIOlT0 PIA Co-Investigator Sum Stratospheric Chemistry and Transport Examination of Chukchi Air-Sea-Ice Processes 156-03-04 W87-70176 673-64-04 W87-70343 161-40-30 W87-70201 In-Flight Diagnostic Sensors Electronic and Optical Materials CLIMATE 199.1 1-34 W87-70247 674-21-08 W87-70345 Meteorological Parameters Extraction Characteristics of Volatilas in Interplanetary Dust Terrestrial Ecosystems 146-66-01 W87-70111 Particles 677-21-24 W87-70376 Physical and Dynamical Models of the Climate on 199-52-31 W87-70275 CHEMICAL PROPULSION Mars Solar System Exploration Propulsion Research and Technology 155-04-80 W87-70170 199-52-52 W87-70278 506-42-00 W87-70057 NASA Climate Data System Bihemical Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems Advanced Earth-to-Orbii Systems Technology 656-31-05 W87-70327 677-21-35 W87-70381 525-02-00 W87-70102 Aerosol and Gas Measurements Addressing Aerosol CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Advanced Earth-To-Orbit Systems Technology Climatic Effects Balloon-Borne Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer 525-0200 W87-70103 672-21-99 W87-70332 147-11-07 W87-70124 CHEMICAL REACTIONS Aerosol Formation Models Multi-Sensor Balloon Measurements Planetary Clouds Particulates and Ices 672-31-02 W87-70335 147-16-01 W87-70128 154-30-80 W87-70161 Climate Modeling with Emphasis on Aerosols and Planetary Materials: Mineralogy and Petrology GIOTTO - Ion Mass Spectrometer. Co-Investigator Clouds 152-11-40 W87-70148 support 672-32-02 W87-70337 A Laboratory Investigation of the Formation. Properties 156-03-03 W87-70175 Ames Multi-Program Support for Climate Research and Evolution of Presolar Grains Prebiotic Evolution 672-50-99 W87-70338 152-12-40 W87-70150 199-52-22 W87-70273 Satellite Measurement of Land Surface Paramaten lor Planetary Materials: Chemistry Chemistry of Stratosphere Climate Studiis 152-1340 W87-70151 873-6204 W87-70342 677-21-36 W87-70382 Planetary Materials: Geochronology CHEMICAL TESTS Interdisciplinary Studiis Land Climatology - 152-14-40 W87-70153 Particle and ParticlelPhoton Interactions (Atmospheric Retrospective Studies Planetary Materials: Isotope Studies Magnetospheric Coupling) 677-92-22 W87-70399 152-15-40 W87-70154 442-36-56 W87-70301 Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - Aeronomy Theory and AnalysislComet Models CHEMISTRY Measurements Techniques 154-6080 W87-70166 InterdisciplinaryTechnology 677-92-23 W87-70400 Mars Exobiology Research Consortium 506-90-00 W67-70099 CLIMATOLOGY 155-20-80 W87-70172 CHESAPEAKE BAY (US) Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies GIOTTO - Ion Mass Spectrometer, Co-Investigator Satellite Monitoring of Air Pollution 146-6642 W87-70112 support 176-10-04 W87-70212 Atmospheric Parameter Mapping 156-03-03 W87-70175 CHIPS (ELECTRONICS) 146-72-06 W87-70119 GIOlTO PIA Co-InvestigatorSupport Network Hardware and Software Development Tools Aerosol and Gas Measurements Addressing Aerosol 156-0304 W87-70176 310-40-72 W87-70433 Climatic Effects X-Gamma Neutron Gammallnstrument Definition CHLORINE 672-21-99 W87-70332 157-03-50 W87-70182 Eady Atmosphere: Geochemistry and Photochemistry Radiative Effects in Clouds First lntarnational Satellite Study and Development of a Comet Nucleus Penetrator 199-52-26 W87-70274 Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment - Overguideline CHLOROPHVLLS 672-22-99 W87-70334 157-0440 W87-70184 Fluorescence of Marine Plankton Climate Modeling with Emphasis on Aerosols and Prebiotic Evolution 161-30-05 W87-70197 Clouds 199-52-22 W87-70273 CHRONOLOGY 672-32-02 W87-70337 Characteristics of Volatiles in Interplanetary Dust Planetary Materials: Geochronology Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment Particles 152-14-40 W87-70153 677-21-32 W87-70379 199-52-31 W87-70275 CHUKCHI SEA Satellite Measurement of Land Surface Parameters for Solar System Exploration Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice Climate Studies 199-52-52 W87-70278 161-4042 W87-70198 677-21-36 W87-70382

1-8 SUBJECT INDEX COMMUNICATION SATELLITES

Forest Dynamics Communications Systems Research Planetary Astronomy and Supporting Laboratw 677-21-40 W87-70383 3 1&30-71 W87-70427 Research Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) COEFFICIENTS 196-41-67 W87-70240 877-22-28 W87-70384 Lidar Target Calibration Facility COMETS Landforms in Polar Regions 146-72-10 W87-70121 Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes 677-43-22 W87-70389 COHERENT RADIATION 151-02-64 W87-70145 Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - lnfwmation Sciences Research and Technology Planetary Materials: Mineralogy and Petrology Retrospective Studies 506-4500 W87-70073 152-11-40 W87-70148 877-9222 W87-70399 COLD FLOW TESTS Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology Propulsion Research and Technology 152-12-40 W87-70149 Interdisciplinary Studiis Land Climatology ~ 506-42-00 W87-70055 Measurements Techniques Planetary Materials: Chemistry COLLAPSE 677-92-23 W87-70400 152-13-40 W87-70151 Labcfatory Study of Chemical and Physical Properties Aeronomy Theory and Analysis/Comel Models Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology ~ Global of Interstellar PAHs Simulations 154-60-80 W87-70166 188-41-57 W87-70226 Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization 677-92-24 W87-70401 Cosmic Evolution of BinicCompounds Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote CLOSED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 199-52-12 W87-70272 Planetary Analyses Lunar Base Controlled Ecolog~calLife Support System COLLECTION 157-03-40 W87-70181 199-61-11 W87-70280 Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization X-Gamma Neutron Gammallnstrument Oefinition Biegenerative Liie Support Research (CELSS) Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote 157-0360 W87-70182 199-81-1 2 W87-70281 Planetary Analyses Study and Development of a Comet Nucleus Penetrator CLOUDCOVER 157-0340 W87-70181 - Overguideline Planetary Atmospheric CMnposition. Structure, and Oceanic Remote Sensing Library 15744-80 W87-70164 History 161-5042 W87-70202 Infrared Imaging of Comets 154-10-80 W87-70159 Program Development (GSFC) 196-41-30 W87-70236 Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures 677-8040 W87-70398 Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic 154-4040 W87-70163 COLLISIONLESS PLASMAS Planetary Detection Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar Particle and ParticWPhoton Interactions (Atmospheric 196-41-54 W87-70239 Medium. Molecular Clouds. Star Formation Magnetospheric Coupling) Characteristics of Volatiles in Interplanetary Dust 188-41-53 W87-70225 442-36-56 W87-70301 Particles Experimental Cloud Analysis Techniques COLLISIONS 199-52-31 W87-70275 672-22-06 W87-70333 GIOTTO - Ion Mass Spectrometer, Co-Investigator Solar System Exploration Climate Modeling with Emphasis on Aerosols and Support 199-52-52 W87-70278 Clouds 156-0343 W87-70175 Data Analysis - Exobiology in Solar System 672-32-02 W87-70337 COLLOCATION Exploration CLOUD PHYSICS Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature 199-70-22 W87-70284 Planetary Clouds Particulates and Ices 161-8040 W87-70208 Advanced Transmitted Systems Development 154-3040 W87-70161 COLOR 310-20-64 W87-70421 Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres Atmospheric Parameter Mapping COMMANDANDCONTROL 154-40-80 W87-70162 146-7206 W87-70119 Mission Operations Technology Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures Fluorescence of Marine Plankton 310-40-45 W87-70430 154-40-80 W87-70163 161-3045 W87-70197 COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT CLOUDS COMBUSTION Materials and Structures Research and Technology Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions Satellite Monitoring of Air Pollution 505-63-00 W87-70009 161-80-42 W87-70210 176-10-04 W87-70212 Human Factors Research and Technology CLOUDS (METEOROLOGY) PACE Flight Experiments 505-6740 W87-70021 Meteorcbgical Parameters Extraction 674-2406 W87-70350 Ground Experiment Operations 146-66-01 W87-70111 Glasses and Ceramics 674-2845 W87-70359 Aerosol Formation Models 674-2645 W87-70356 COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT 672-3 1-02 W87-70335 Ground Experiment Opecations Systems Analysis CLUMPS 674-28-05 W87-70359 506-4940 W87-70095 Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar COMBUSTION CHAMBERS Applications Experiments Program Support Medium. Molecular Clouds, Star Formation Turbine Engine Hot Section Technology 646-41-02 W87-70311 188-41-53 W87-70225 533-04-00 W87-70037 COMMUNICATION LaboratMy Study of Chemical and Physical Prope~s Propulsion Research and Technology Information Sciences Research and Technology of Interstellar PAHs 506-42-00 W87-70055 505-65-00 W87-70013 188-41-57 W87-70226 COMBUSTION CHEMISTRY Information Sciences Research and Technology X-ray Astronomy Glasses and Ceramics 505-65-00 W87-70014 188-4559 W87-70230 674-26-05 W87-70356 Propagation Studies and Measurements COASTAL CURRENTS Ground Experiment Operations 643-10-03 W87-70307 Thewetil/Numerical Study of the Dynamics of Ocean 674-2645 W87-70359 Advanced Studies Waves COMBUSTION PHYSICS 643-10-05 W87-70308 161-80-37 W87-70206 Combustion Science , Applications Experiments Program Support COASTAL WATER 674-22-05 W87-70346 646-4142 W87-70311 Ocean Productivity COMET HEADS Advanced Studies 161-3042 W87-70195 Aeronomy Theory and AnalysislComet Models 850-8046 W87-70317 Fluorescence of Marine Plankton 1546040 W87-70166 COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT 161-30-05 W87-70197 Ootical Communication Technoloov Develwment COMET NUCLEI -. Analysis of Oceanic Productivity 310120-67 W87-70424 161-5047 W87-70204 Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 151-0244 W87-70145 TheoreticallNumeiicalStudy of the Dynamics of Ocean Information Sciences Research and Technoloav Waves GIOlTO, Magnetic Field Experiments 505-65-00 We'i-70013 161-80-37 W87-70206 156-0345 W87-70177 SAlS Testbed Planning COASTALZONECOLORSCANNER X-Gamma Neutron Gammallnstrument Definition 656-11-01 W87-70319 Ocean Productivity 157-03-50 W87-70182 Advanced Systems Architecture 161-30-02 W87-70195 Study and Development of a Comet Nucleus Penetrator 656-44-10 W87-70329

Analysis of Oceanic Productivity ~ Overguideline Network Systems Technology Devebment 161-50-07 W87-70204 157-04-80 W87-70184 310-20-33 W87-70417 COASTS COMET TAILS Radio Systems Development Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies Aeronomy Theory and Analysis/Comet Models 310-20-66 W67-70423 146-6642 W87-70112 154-80-80 W87-70166 COMMUNICATION SATELLITES Thewetical/NumericaI of Dynamics of Ocean Study the GIOlT0 - Ion Mass Spectrometer. Co-Investigator Systems Analysis Waves support 506-4940 W87-70095 161-80-37 W87-70206 156-03-03 W87-70175 Advanced Studiis COATlNaS 643-10-05 W87-70308 Materials and Structures Research and Technology GIOTTO DIDSY Co-InvestigatorSupport 156-03-07 W87-70178 Advanced Studies 506-4340 W87-70064 643-1045 W87-70309 Grwnd-Based Obmatiof the Sun COCKPITS Experiments Coordination and Mission Support Human Factors Research and Technology 188-38-52 W87-70219 646-4141 W87-70310 505-67-00 W87-70019 COMETARY ATMOSPHERES Space Communications Systems Antenna Technology Human Factors Research and Technology Aeronomy Theory and AnalysislComet Models 650-60-20 W87-70313 505-6740 W87-70021 154-60-80 W87-70166 Satellite Switching and Processing Systems CODING GIOTTO. Magnetic Field Experiments 650-60-21 W87-70314 Advanced Space Systems for Users of NASA 156-0345 W87-70177 RF Components for Satellite Communications Networks GIOlTO DIDSY Co-InvestigatorSupport Systems 310-20-46 W87-70420 156-0347 W87-70178 65060-22 W87-70315

1-9 COMPARISON SUBJECT INDEX

Communications Laboratory for Transponder Network Hardware and Software Development Tools Antenna Systems Development Development 310-40-72 W87-70433 310-20-65 W87-70422 650-60-23 W87-70316 COMPUTER GRAPHICS COMPUTER SYSTEMS DESIGN COMPARISON Human Factors Research and Technology Information Sciences Research and Technology International Halley Watch 505-67-00 W87-70021 505-65-00 W87-70015 156-02-02 W87-70173 Quantitative Modelling of the Information Sciences Research and Technology GIOlTO PIA Co-Investigator Support Magnetospherellonosphere Interaction Including Neutral 506-45-00 w 87 - 700 78 156-03-04 W87-70176 Winds Flight Dynamics Technology Ocean Productivity 442-36-55 W87-70300 310-10-26 W67-70412 161-30-02 W87-70195 NASA Climate Data System COMPUTER SYSTEMS PERFORMANCE COMPATIBILITY 656-31-05 W87-70327 Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) Space Fliht Systems Research and Technology Space Systems and Navigation Technology 536-01-00 W87-70044 50648-00 W87-70086 310-1 0-63 W87-70416 Materials and Structures Research and Technology Advanced Studies Mission Operations Technology 506-4300 W87-70062 643-1045 W87-70308 310-40-45 W87-70430 COMPUTER SYSTEMS PROGRAMS COMPILERS COMPUTER NETWORKS Information Sciences Research and Technology Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Information Sciences Research and Technology 505-65-00 W87-70014 505-6000 W87-7ooo3 505-65-00 W87-70013 InterdisciplinaryTechnology Information Sciences Research and Technology Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) 505-90-00 W87-70032 506-45-00 W87-70077 536-01-00 W87-70044 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology COMPLEX SYSTEMS Space Data Communications Research and 506-46-00 W87-70080 Materials and Structure Research and Technology technology InterdisciplinaryTechnology 506-43-00 W87-70059 506-44-00 W67-70068 506-90-00 W87-70101 Human Factors Research and Technology Space Data and Communications Research and Atmospheric Parameter Mapping 506-47-00 W87-70084 Technology 146-72-06 W87-70119 The Early Evolution of Life 506-44-00 W87-70071 GIOTTO - Ion Mass Spectrometer, Co-Investigator 199-52-32 W87-70276 Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature support COMPOSITE MATERIALS 161-80-40 W87-70206 156-03-03 W87-70175 Materials and Structures Research and Technology Mobile Communications Technology Development Standard Format Data Unit 505-63-00 W87-7ooo9 650-60-15 W87-70312 656-11-02 W67-70320 Materials and Structures Research and Technology Pilot Land Data System (PLDS) Standard Formaned Data Unit - CCSDS Panel 2 505-63-00 W87-70010 656-1360 W87-70324 656-1 1-02 W87-70321 Materials and Structures Research and technology Advanced Systems Architecture MPP MaintenancelOperations 505-6340 W87-70012 656-44-10 W87-70329 656-13-25 W87-70322 Materials and Structures Reasearch and Technology Network Communications Technology MPP Software (Systems and Applications) 506-43-00 W87-70058 310-20-38 W87-70418 656-20-26 W67-70325 Materials and Stnrctura Research and Technology COMPUTER PROGRAMMING NASA Climate Data System 506-43-00 W87-70059 Automation and Robotics Technology 656-31-05 W87-70327 Malenals and Slfxtures Research and Technology 549-01-00 W87-70106 Workstation Research and Development 506-43-00 W87-70064 COMPUTER PROGRAMS 656-42-01 W87-70328 COMPOSITE STRUCTURES InterdisciplinaryTechnology Advanced Systems Architecture Materials and Structures Research and Technology 505-90-00 W87-70032 656-44-10 W87-70329 505-63-00 W87-70011 Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology Gravity Field and Geoid Ceramics for Turbine Engines 506-40-00 W87-70046 676-40-10 W87-70366 533-05-00 W87-70036 Information Sciences Research and Technology GPS Measuramant System Deployment for Regional COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 506-45-00 W87-70077 Geodesy in the Caribbean Study and Development of a Comet Nucleus Penetrator Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 676-59-31 W87-70369 - Overguideline 506-4640 W87-70082 Antenna Systems Development 157-04-80 W87-70184 InterdisciplinaryTechnology 310-20-65 W87-70422 COMPTON EFFECT 506-90-00 W67-70101 COMPUTER SYSTEMS SIMULATION Theoretical Studies of Active Galaxies and Quasi-Stellar Automation and Robtics Technology Information Sciences Research and Technology Objects (QSOs) 549-01-00 W87-70107 505-65-00 W67-70015 188-46-01 W67-70227 Automation and Robotics Technology COMPUTER TECHNIQUES Gamma Ray Astronomy 549-01-00 W87-70106 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 188-46-57 W87-70229 Automation and Robotics 505-66-00 W87-70018 COMPUTATION 549-01-00 W87-70109 InterdisciplinaryTechnology Information Sciences Research and Technology Atmospheric Parameter Mapping 505-90-00 W87-70029 505-65-00 W87-70015 146-72-06 W87-70119 Information Sciences Research and Technology Information Sciences Research and Technology Planetary Clouds Particulates and Ices 506-45-00 W87-70073 506-45-00 W67-70073 154-30-80 W87-70161 Information Sciences Research and Technology Multi-Dimensional Model Studies of the Mars The Large-Scale Phenomena Program of the 506-4540 W87-70074 Ionosphere International Halley Watch (IHW) Information Sciences Research and Technology 154-60.80 W87-70167 156-02-02 W67-70174 506-45-00 W87-70078 Communications Laboratory for Transponder GIOTTO - Ion Mass Spectrometer. Co-Investigator COMPUTER VISION Development support Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 650-60-23 W87-70316 156-03-03 W87-70175 505-66-00 W87-70018 COMPUTATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar 161-40-02 W87-70198 Turbine Engine Hot Section Technology Medium. Molecular Clouds. Star Formation Muscle Physiology 533-04-00 W87-70037 188-41-53 W87-70225 199-22-44 W87-70260 Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY Communications Laboratory for Transponder 536-01-00 W87-70044 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Development Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology 505-61-00 W87-70006 650-60-23 W87-70316 506-40-00 W87-70046 Information Sciences Research and Technology Standard Format Data Unit Propulsion Research and Technology 505-65-00 W67-70015 656-11-02 W87-70320 506-42-00 W67-70057 Materials and Structures Research and Technology Standard Formaned Data Unit - CCSDS Panel 2 Space Data Communications Research and 506-43-00 W87-70062 656-1 1-02 W87-70321 technology COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS MPP MaintenancalOpBrations 506-44-00 W87-70068 Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 656-13-25 W87-70322 Planetary Materials-CarbonaceousMeteorites 505-6000 W87-70001 Pilot Land Data System (PLDS) 152-1 3-60 W87-70152 Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 656-13-50 W87-70324 Planetary Clouds Particulates and Ices 505-60-00 W87-70003 NASA Climate Data System 154-30-80 W87-70161 Prebiotic Evolution Propulsion and Power Research and Technology 656-31-05 W87-70327 199-52-22 W87-70273 505-62-00 W87-7ooo7 Workstation Research and Development 656-42-01 W87-70328 Quantitative Modelling Of the Propulsion and Power Research and Technology Advanced Systems Archilecture Magnetospherellonosphere Interaction Including Neutral 505-62-00 W87-7ooo8 656-44-10 W67-70329 Winds Information Sciences Research and Technology HlRlS Data Processor 442-3665 W87-70300 505-65-00 W87-70015 656-62-02 W87-70330 Communications Laboratory for Transponder Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NASI GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional Development 536-01-00 W67-70044 Geodesy in the Caribbean 650-60-23 W67-70316 Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology 676-59-31 W87-70369 Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - Global 506-40-00 W87-70045 Software Engineering Technology Simulations COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN 310-10-23 W87-70411 677-92-24 W87-70401 Automation and Robotics Technology Flight Dynamics Technology Network Systems Technology Development 549-01-00 W87-70108 310-10-26 W87-70412 310-20-33 W87-70417

1-10 SUBJECT INDEX COSMIC RAYS

Network Communicatiis Technology CONTAINERLESS MELTS DSN Monitor and Control Technology 310-20-38 W87-70418 Metals and Alloys 310-30-68 W87-70425 Communications Systems Research 674-2504 W87-70351 CONVECTION 310-30-71 W87-70427 Metals and Alloys Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres COMPUTERS 674-25-05 W87-70352 154-4040 W87-70162 Information Sciences Research and Technology Metals and Alloys Quantitative Modelling Of the 505-65-00 W87-70013 674-25-08 W87-70353 Magnetosphere/lonosphere Interaction Including Neutral System Analysis CONTAMINANTS Winds 506-49-00 W87-7rn Spaceman Environmental Factors 442-36.55 W87-70300 GeneralOperations and Laboralmy Facilities - Planetary 199-13-41 W87-70250 Metals and Alloys Materials BiogeochemicalCycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems 674-25-05 W87-70352 152-30-40 W87-70158 677-21-35 W87-70381 Metals and Alloys MPP MainlenancelOperations CONTAMINATION 674-25-08 W67-70353 656-13-25 W87-70322 Materials and Structures Research and Technology CONVECTIVE FLOW Pilot Land Data System (PLDS) 506-43-00 W87-70060 Electronic and optical Materials 656-13-50 W87-70324 Optical Technology for Space Astronomy 674-2140 W87-70345 NASA Climate Dala System 188-41-23 W87-70223 CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER 656-31-05 W87-70327 CONTINENTAL SHELVES Space Flight Research and Technology Advanced Systems Architecture Sources of Magnetic Anomaly Field 506-48-00 W87-70066 656-44-10 W87-70329 677-45-03 W87-70393 CONVERGENCE HlRlS Data Processor CONTINENTS Planetary Lightning and Analysis of Voyager 656-62-02 W87-70330 Continental Accretii Observations CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION) 677-43-23 W87-70390 154-90-80 W87-70168 Far Infrared Balloon Radiometer for OH CONTINUOUS RADIATION COOLING 147-12-15 W87-70128 Advanced Transmined Systems Development Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology CONCENTRATORS 310-20-64 W87-70421 506-41-00 W87-70050 Space Energy Gonversion Research and technology CONTINUOUS SPECTRA Propulsion Research and Technology 506-41-00 W87-70049 Theoretical Studies of Active Galaxies and Quasi-Stellar 506-42-00 W87-70055 Sounding Rocket (Spartan) Experiments (High Energy Objects (QSOs) Metals and Alloys Astrophysics) 188-46-01 W87-70227 674-25-05 W87-70352 879-11-46 W87-70409 CONTINUUMS COORDINATES CONCURRENT PROCESSING Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The lnterslellar GPS Positioning of a Marine Buoy for Plate Motion Information Sciences Research and Technology Medium. Molecular Clouds, Star Formation Studies 505-6540 W87-70014 188-41-53 W87-70225 676-59-45 W87-70372 Information Sciences Research and Technology CONTRACTMANAGEMENT COORDINATION 505-65-00 W87-70015 Propulsion Research and Technology Systems Analysis W87-70091 Information Sciences Research and Technology 506-42-00 W87-70057 506-49-00 506-45-00 W87-70074 Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies Planetary Data System and Coordination Information Sciences Research and Technology 643-10-01 W87-70305 155-20-70 W87.70171 506-45-00 W87-70078 CONTRACTS Experiments Coordination and Mission Support HIRE Dala Processor Materials and Structures Research and Technology 646-41-01 W87-70310 658-6242 W87-70330 505-63-00 W87-70009 SAlS Testbed Planning CONFERENCES Systems Analysis 656-11-01 W87-70319 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 505-69-00 W87-70028 Pilot Land Data System 506-41-00 W87-70053 Space Flight Research and Technology 656-13-50 W87-70323 Space Flight Research and Technology 506-48-00 W87-70089 CORE FLOW 506-4840 W87-70089 Systems Analysis Earth Structure and Geophysics General Operations and Laboratory Facilities - Planetary 506-49-00 W87-70096 676-30-05 W87-70363 Materials Mobile Communications Technology Development CORES 152-30-40 W87-70158 650-60-15 W87-70312 Center for Star Formation Studies Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies CONTRAROTATING PROPELLERS 188-48-52 W87-70231 643-10-01 W87-70305 Advanced Turboprop Systems CORIOLIS EFFECT Spectrum and Om1 Utilization Studies 535-03-00 W87-70040 Multi-Dimensional Model Studies of the Mars 643-10-01 W87-70306 CONTROL Ionosphere MPP Software (Systems and Applications) BioregenerativeLife Support Research (CELSS) 154-60-80 W87-70167 656-20-26 W87-70325 199-61-12 W87-70281 CORONAL HOLES Consulting and Program support CONTROL EQUIPMENT Ground-BasedObservations of the Sun 674-29-06 W87-70362 EOS High Rate Data System Testbed 188-38-52 W87-70219 Remote Sensing Science Program 656-25-01 W87-70326 CORONAL LOOPS 677-24-01 W87-70365 CONTROL SURFACES Modeling Coronal Structure and Energetics CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 188-38-01 W87-70217 Software EngineeringTechnology 505-60-00 W87-7ooo2 CORONAS 310-10-23 W87-70411 CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware CONIFERS Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 188-38-51 W87-70218 Forest Evapotranspirationand Production 505-66-00 W87-70016 Structure and Evolution of Solar Magnetic Fields 677-21-31 W67-70378 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 188-38-53 W87-70221 CONSTANTS 506-46-00 W67-70079 CORRELATION Chemical Kinetics of the Upper Atmosphere Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment 147-21-03 W87-70130 506-46-00 W87-70081 146-72-04 W87-70117 Atmospheric Photochemistry DSN Monitor and Control Technology CORROSION 147-22-02 W67-70132 310-30-68 W87-70425 Materials and Structures Research and Technology Planetary Aslronomy and Supporting Laboratory CONTROL THEORY 506-43-00 W87-70062 Research Controls and Guidance Research and Technology COSMIC BACKGROUND EXPLORER SATELLITE 196-41-67 W87-70240 505-66-00 W87-70016 Flight Dynamics Technology CONSTRAINTS Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 310-1 0-26 W87-70412 Balloon Microwave Limb Sounder (BMLS) Stratospheric 506-46-00 W87-70079 COSMIC DUST Measurements Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Planetary Materials: Mineralogy and Petrology 147-12-06 W87-70125 506-4644 W87-70080 152-11-40 W87-70146 Optical Technology for Space Astronomy Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology 188-41-23 W67-70223 506-46-00 W87-70081 152-12-40 W87-70149 Gamma Ray Astronomy and Related Research Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Planetary Materials: Chemistry 188-46-57 W87-70228 506-46-00 W87-70082 152-13-40 W87-70151 Combustion Science CONTROLLABILITY Planetary Materials: Collection, Preservation. and 674-22-05 W87-70346 Ceramics for Turbine Engines Distribution Design Definition for a Planetary Thermal Infrared 533-05-00 W87-70038 152-20-40 W87-70157 Multispectral Scanner (PTIMS) CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES Characteristics of Volatiles in Interplanetary Dust 038-5940 W87-70406 Planeiary Materials: Collection, Preservation, and Particles CONSULTING Distribution 199-52-31 W87-70275 Consulting and Program Support 152-2040 W87-70157 COSMIC RAYS 674-29-08 W87-70362 CONTROLLERS A Laboratory Investigation of the Formation, Properties CONSUMABLES (SPACECRAFT) Systems Analysis and Evolution of Presolar Grains Lunar Base Controlled Ecological Life Support System 506-49-00 W87-70092 152-12-40 W87-70150 199-61-11 W87-70280 Automation and Robotics Technology Planetary Materials: Surface and Expasure Studies CONSUMPTION 549-01-00 W87-70107 152-17-40 W87-70155 Bioregenerative Life Support Research (CELSS) Automation and Robotics Gamma Ray Astronomy and Related Research 19961-1 2 W67-70281 549-01-00 W87-70109 188-46-57 W87-70228

1-1 1 COST ANALYSIS SUBJECT INDEX

Gamma Ray Astronomy CREATIVITY Biotechnology Research 168-4657 W87-70229 Space Flight Research and Technology 674-23-01 W87-70347 Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility 506-48-00 W87-70086 CV-Ow AIRCRAFT 188-78-46 W87-70232 CREEP PROPERTIES Microwave Pressure Sounder COST ANALYSIS Propulsion Research and Technology 146-72-01 W87-70114 Network Systems Technology Development 506-42-00 W87-70055 CYCLES 310-20-33 W87-70417 CREW STATIONS Extensions and Testing of the Hydrologic COST EFFECTIVENESS Human Factors Research and Technology Parameterization in the GlSS Atmospheric GCM Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 506-47-00 W87-70083 672-31-12 W87-70336 506-4600 W87-70082 Man-Machine Engineering Requirements for Data and Systems Analysis Functional Interfaces D 506-49-00 W87-70091 199-61-41 W87-70282 Airborne Rain Mapping Radar System 14666-05 W87-70113 CREWS DAMAGE ASSESSMENT Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Atmospheric Parameter Mapping Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of 506-41-00 W87-70052 146-72-06 W87-70119 Forest Decline Damage Advanced CCD Camera Development CRITERIA 677-21-25 W8 7- 70 3 7 7 157-01-70 W87-70179 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology DATA ACQUISITION NASA Ocean Data System (NODS) 505-6600 W87-70016 Propulsion Research and Technology 161-40-10 W87-70200 Space Adaptation Syndrome 506-42-00 W87-70057 Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies 199-12-51 W87-70248 Human Factors Research and Technology 643-10-01 W87-70305 Vibroacoustic HabitabilitylProductivity 506-47-00 W87-70084 Advanced Studies 199-13-40 W87-70249 International Halley Watch 15602-02 W87-70173 643-10-05 W87-70309 Propagation Studies and Measurements GPS Positioning of a Marine Buoy for Plate Motion 643-10-03 W87-70307 The Large-Scale Phenomena Program of the Studies CROSS CORRELATION International Halley Watch (IHW) 156-02-02 W87-70174 676-59-45 W87-70372 X-ray Astronomy Antenna Systems Development 879-31-46 W87-70410 Bioregeneratie Life Support Research (CELSS) 310-20-65 W87-70422 CRUISE MISSILES 199-61-12 W87-70281 Man-Machine Engineering Requirements for Data and DSN Monitor and Control Technology General AviationICommuter Engine Technology 310-30-68 W87-70425 535-05-00 W87-70043 Functional Interfaces 199-61-41 W87-70282 COST ESTIMATES CRUSTS Advanced Studies Parlicle Astrophysics Magnet Facility Mars Geology: Crustal Dichotomy and Crustal 643-10-05 W87-70308 188-78-46 W87-70232 Evolution EOS High Rate Data System Testbed Software Engineering Technology 151 -02-50 W87-70141 65625-01 W87-70326 310-10-23 W87-70411 Early Crustal Genesis HIRE Data Processor COST REDUCTION 152-19-40 W87-70156 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology CRYOGENIC COOLING 656-62-02 W87-70330 506-4 1-00 W87-70051 Radio Systems Development GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 310-20-66 W87-70423 Geodesy in the Caribbean 676-59-31 W87-70369 506-46-00 W87-70081 CRYOGENIC FLUID STORAGE Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of Space Flight Research and Technology Information Sciences Research and Technology 506-48-00 W87-70086 506-45-00 W87-70075 Forest Decline Damage 677-21-25 W87-70377 Space Communications Systems Antenna Technology CRYOGENIC FLUIDS 650-60-20 W87-70313 Space Flight Research and Technology Arid Lands Geobotany Satellite Switching and Processing Systems 506-48-00 W87-70087 677-42-09 W87-70387 Radio Metric Technology Development 650-60-21 W87-70314 CRYOGENIC ROCKET PROPELLANTS 310-10-60 W87-70413 Standard Formatted Data Unit - CCSDS Panel 2 Advanced Earth-Toarbit Systems Technology 6561 1-02 W87-70321 525-02-00 W87-70103 DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Space Systems and Navigation Technology CRYOGENICS Information Sciences Research and Technology 506-45-00 W87-70078 310-10-63 W87-70416 Information Sciences Research and Technology NASA Climate Data System COSTA RICA 506-45-00 W87-70075 65631-05 W87-70327 Interactions of Environment and Vegetation Systems Analysis Human-To-Machine Interface Technology Composition, Structure. and Function on a Major Tropical 506-49-00 W87-70094 310-40-37 W87-70428 Ecocline InterdisciplinaryTechnology 677-21-33 W87-70380 506-90-00 W87-70099 DATA BASES Human Factors Research and Technology Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility COSTS 505-67-00 W87-70019 Human Factors Research and Technology 188-78-46 W87-70232 50647-00 W87-70083 Gravity Field and Geoid Systems Analysis 505-69-00 W87-70026 Ames Multi-Program Support for Climate Research 676-40-10 W87-70366 High-PerformanceFlight Research 672-50-99 W87-70338 Gravity Field Mission Studies 676-59-10 W87-70368 533-02-00 W87-70036 Optical Communication Technology Development Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology 310-20-67 W87-70424 Frequency and Timing Research 31 0-10-62 W87-70415 506-40-00 W87-70045 COULOMB COLLISIONS CRYSTAL DEFECTS Materials and Structures Research and Technology Theoretical Studies of Active Galaxies and Quasi-Stellar Electronic and Optical Materials 506-43-00 W87-7oO60 Objects (QSOs) 674-21-08 W87-70345 188-4601 W87-70227 Human Factors Research and Technology CRYSTAL GROWTH 506-47-00 W87-70084 COUNTER ROTATION Electronic Materials. Vapor Growth and Low-g Gravity Advanced Turboprop Systems Space Flight Research and Technology Techniques 506-48-00 W87-70085 535-03-00 W87-70041 674-21-06 W87-70344 Systems Analysis Advanced Turboprop Systems Electronic and Optical Materials 535-03-00 W87-70042 674-21-08 W87-70345 506-49-00 W87-70095 COUNTERMEASURES Metals and Alloys System Analysis Space Station Exercise Countermeasures 674-25-05 W8 7.7 03 5 2 506-49-00 W87-70097 199-11-1 1 W87-70243 Glass Research Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies Space Adaptation Syndrome 674-26-04 W87-70355 146-66-02 W87-70112 199-12-51 W87-70248 CRYSTALLINITY GIOTTO PIA Co-Investigator Support COUPLING Tectonics of Western Basin and Range 156-03-04 W87-70176 Particle and ParticleIPhoton Interactions (Atmospheric 677-43-21 W87-70388 GIOlTO DIDSY Co-Investigator Support Magnetospheric Coupling) CRYSTALLIZATION 15603-07 W87-70178 442-36-56 W87-70301 Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology Center for Star Formation Studies 152-12-40 W87-70149 COVARIANCE 188-48-52 W87-70231 Biotechnology Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature Longitudinal Studies (Medical Operations Longitudinal 674-23-08 W87-70348 161-80-40 W87-70208 Studies) Metals and Alloys 199-11-21 W87-70244 Gravity Field and Geoid 674-25-04 W87-70351 676-40-10 W87-70366 Biogeochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems Glass Research 199-30-72 W87-70267 CRATERING 674-2604 W87-70355 NASA-Ames Research Center Vertical Gun Facility CRYSTALS Evolution of Advanced Life 151-02-60 W87-70142 Electronic Materials, Vapor Growth and Lowg Gravity 199-52-42 W87-70277 CRATERS Techniques Extended Data Base Analysis Planetary Materials: Geochronology 674-21-06 W87-70344 199-70-12 W87-70283 152-14-40 W87-70153 CULTURE TECHNIQUES Data Analysis - Exobiology in Solar System Topographic Profile Analysis Bone Physiology Exploration 677-43-24 W87-70391 199-22-32 W87-70257 199-70-22 W87-70284

1-12 SUBJECT INDEX DEFORESTATION

Medical Information Management System (MIMS) Interactions of Environment and Vegetation NASA Climate Data System Diagnostic MathematicalMoM) (Computer Aided with ComposiW. SWture. and Funclion on a Major Tropical 656-31-05 W87-70327 199-70-33 W87-70285~ _.. Ecocline HIRE Data Processor Propagation Studies and Measurements 677-21-33 W87-70380 656-6242 W87-70330 Determination and Inversion of Crustal Magnetic 643-10-03 W87-70307 Planetary Data System Fields Advanced Studies 656-80-01 W87-70331 877-4546 W87-70394 643-10-05 W87-70308 Data Processing Technology NASA Climate Data System New Techniques for Quantitative Analysis of SAR Images 310-40-46 W87-70431 656-31-05 W87-70327 SYStemS Engineering and Management Technology Planetary Data System 677-4642 W87-70395 Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - 310-40-49 W87-70432 656-80-01 W87-70331 Measurements Techniques DATA TRANSFER (COMPUTERS) Climate Modeling with Emphasis on Aerosols and 677-92-23 W87-70400 Information Sciences Research and Technology Clouds Radio Metric Technology Development 50585-00 W87-70013 672-32-02 W87-70337 310-10-60 W87-70413 DATA TRANSMISSION Biotechnology Research Space Systems and Navigation Technology Information Sciences Research and Technology 674-23-01 W87-70347 310-10-63 W87-70416 505-65-00 W67-70013 Mirogravity Science and Applications Program Human-To-Machine Interface Technology Space Data and Communications Research and support 310-40-37 WW-70428 Technology 674-29-04 W87-70361 Data Processing Technology 50644-00 W87-70065 Program Development (GSFC) 310-40-46 W87-70431 Space Data and Communications Research and 67780.80 W87-70398 DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT Technology DSN Monitor and Control Technology HIRE Data Processor 506-44-00 W87-70066 3 10-30-68 W87-70425 65652-02 W87-70330 Space Data and Communications Research and Systems Engineering and Management Technology Data Processing Technology Technology 310-40-49 W87-70432 310-40-46 W87-70431 506-44-M) W87-70067 DATA COMPRESSION DATA RECORDING Space Data Communications Research and Standard Format Data Unit HlRlS Data Processor technology 656-1 1-02 W87-70320 656-62-02 W87-70330 506-4440 W87-70068 DATA REDUCTION Space Data and Communications Research and DATACONVERTERS Space Data Communications Research and Satellite Switching and Processing Systems Technology technology 506-44-00 W87-70069 650-60-21 W87-70314 506-44-00 W87-70068 DATA LINKS Space Data and Communicatis Research and Atmospheric Parameter Mapping Technology Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLEI) Tracking of 146-72-06 W87-70119 the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TORS) 506-44-00 W87-70070 Planetary Atmospheric Composition. Stnrcture, and Communications Laboratory for Transponder 310-20-39 W87-70419 History Development Advanced Space Systems for Users of NASA 154-10-80 W87-70159 65080-23 W87-70316 Networks Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures DAYTIME 310-20-46 W87-70420 154-40-80 W87-70163 Polar Motion and Earth Models DATA MANAGEMENT Planetary Data System and Cowdinatin 676-30-44 W87-70364 NASA Ocean Data System (NODS) 155-20-70 W87-70171 DC BAIRCRAFT 161-40.10 W87-70200 GIOlTO . Ion Mass Spectrometer. Co-Investigator Global Troposphenc Expenment Aircraft EOS Hgh Rate Data System Testbed support Measurements 656-25-01 W87-70326 156-03-03 W87-70175 176-20-99 W87-70213 DATA PROCESSIN0 Research in Solar Vector Magnetic Fields DEBRIS Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 188-38-52 W87-70220 Matenals and Structures Research and Technology

Data Analysis ~ Space Plasma Physics 505-66-00 W87-70017 W.A?M-_" .""" W87-70064 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 442-20-02 W87-70295 DECELERATION 506-46-00 W87-70082 ExperimentalCloud Analysis Techniques Controls and Guidance Research and Technolosy Meteorological Parameters Extraction 672-2246 W87-70333 506-46-00 W87-70079 146-66-01 W87-70111 Stratospheric Dynamics DECISION MAKING Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies 67361-03 W87-70341 Expert Systems for Automation of Operations Geopotential Research Mission (GRM) Studies 146-66-02 W87-70112 310.40-44 W87-70429 Airbotne Rain Mapping Radar System 676-59-1 0 W87-70367 DECODERS 146-66-05 W87-70113 Interactions of Environment and Vegetation Satellite Switching and Processing Systems Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures Composition, Structure, and Function on a Major Tropical 650-60-21 W87-70314 154-40-80 W87-70163 Ecocline DECODING Astronomy and Relativity Data Analysis 677-2133 W87-70380 Network Signal Processing 188-41-21 W87-70222 DATASTORAGE 310-30-70 W87-70426 Biegenerative Life Support Research (CELSS) Planetary Data System and Coordination Communications Systems Research 199-61-1 2 W87-70281 155-20-70 W87-70171 310-30-71 W87-70427 Extended Data Ease Analysis NASA Climate Data System DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS 199-70-12 W87-70283 656-31-05 W87-70327 Ultrasound Detection of Bends Advanced Space Systems for Users of NASA Data Analysis - Exobiology in Solar System 199-11-34 W87-70246 Explorati Netwwks DECONDITIONING 199-70-22 W87-70284 310-20-46 W87-70420 Cardiovascular Physiology Ultraswnd Image Enhancement Data Processing Technology 199-21-12 W87-70252 199-80-34 W87-70287 310-40-46 W87-70431 DEEP SPACE Atmosphere-IonospheMagnetosph~eInteractions DATASTRUCTURES GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional 442-20-01 W87-70293 Standard Fwmat Data Unit Geodesy in the Caribbean Space Plasma Data Analysis 656-11-02 W87-70320 676-59-31 W87-70369 442-20-01 W87-70294 Standard Formaned Data Unit - CCSDS Panel 2 DEEP SPACE NETWORK Data Analysis - Space Plasma Physics 656-11-02 W87-70321 Radio Metric Technology Development 442-20-02 W87-70295 DATA SYSTEMS 310-1 0-60 W87-70413 Quantitative Modelling Of the Space Data and Communications Research and Frequency and Timing Research Magnetospherellonosphere Interaction Including Neutral Technology 310-1 0-62 W07-70415 Winds 506-44-00 W87-70065 Space Systems and Navigation Technology 442-36-55 W87-70300 Space Data and Communications Research and 310-10-63 W87-70416 Pilot Land Data System (PLDS) Technology Advanced Transmined Systems Development 658-1350 W87-70324 506-44.00 W87-70067 31 0-20-64 W87-70421 Wcfkstation Research and Development Space Data and Communications Research and Antenna Systems Development 656-42-01 W87-70328 Technology 310-20-65 W87-70422 Advanced Systems Architecture 506-44-00 W87-70070 Optical Communication Technology Development 656-44-10 W87-70329 Planetary Data System and Coordination 310-2087 W87-70424 HlRlS Data Processor 155-20-70 W87-70171 DSN Monitor and Control Technology 656-6242 W87-70330 NASA Ocean Data System (NODS) 310-30-68 W87-70425 Planetary Data System 161-40-10 W87-70200 Network Signal Processing 65680-01 W87-70331 Standard Format Data Unit 310-30-70 W87-70426 Experimental Cloud Analysis Techniques 656-11-02 W87-70320 Communications Systems Research 672-2246 W87-70333 Standard Formatted Data Unit - CCSDS Panel 2 310-30-71 W87-70427 Stratospheric Dynamics 656-11-02 W87-70321 Network Hardware and Software Development Tools 673-61-03 W87-70341 Pilot Land Data System 310-40-72 W87-70433 GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional 656-1360 W87-70323 DEFORESTATION Geodesy in the Caribbean Pilot Land Data System (PLDS) Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 676-59-31 W87-70369 656-13-50 W87-70324 677-21-32 W87-70379

1-13 DEFORMATION SUBJECT INDEX

I DEFORMATION Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment Space Data and Communications Research and Earth Structure and Geophysics 146-72-04 W87-70117 Technology 676-3045 W87-70363 Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer 506-44-00 W87-70071 GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional 15744.80 W87-70185 Pilot Land Data System (PLDS) Geodesy in the Caribbean Ground-BasedInfrared Astronomy 656-13-50 W87-70324 676-59-31 W87-70369 196-41-50 W87-70237 Advanced Systems Architecture DEGRADATION Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic 656-44-10 W87-70329 Materials and Structure Research and Technology Planetary Detection DISTRIBUTION (PROPERTY) 506-43-00 W87-70059 196-41-54 W87-70239 AMSU Research Studies DEICING Detection of Other Planetary Systems 146-72-05 W87-70118 Flight Systems Research and Technology 196-41-68 W87-70241 Photochemistry of the Upper Atmosphere 505-68-00 W87-70024 Spacecraft EnvironmentalFactors 147-2241 W87-70131 DEMODULATION 199-13-41 W87-70250 Mars Geology: Crustal Dichotomy and Crustal Network Signal Processing X-ray Astronomy Evolution 310-30-70 W87-70426 879-31-46 W87-70410 151-02-50 W87-70141 Communications Systems Research DIAGNOSIS Fluorescence of Marine Plankton 310-30-71 W87-70427 Medical Information Management System (MIMS) 161-30-05 W87-70197 DEMODULATORS (Computer Aided Diagnostic with Mathematical Model) Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions Satellite Switching and Processing Systems 199-70-33 W8 7 - 70 2 8 5 161-8042 W87-70210 650-60-21 W87-70314 DIETS DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS DENDRITIC CRYSTALS Bone Physiology GIOTTO - Ion Mass Spectrometer. Co-Investigator Metals and Alloys 199-22-31 W87-70256 support 674-2545 W87-70352 DIGITAL DATA 156-03-03 W87-70175 DENSITY (MASSNOLUME) Extended Data Base Analysis GIOTTO DIDSY Co-InvestigatorSupport Sounding Rocket Experiments 199-70-12 W87-70283 156-03-07 W87-70178 879-11-38 W87-70407 Standard Formatted Data Unit - CCSDS Panel 2 DIVERGENCE DENSITY MEASUREMENT 65611-02 W87-70321 Radiative Eflects in Clouds First International Satellite Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Asteroids Terrestrial Ecosystems Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment Using the VIA 677-21-24 W87-70376 672-22-99 W87-70334 I 196-41-51 W87-70238 Data Processing Technology DMSP SATELLITES DEPLETION 310-40-46 W87-70431 Geopotential Fields (Magnetic) In-Situ Measurements of Stratospheric Ozone DIGITAL SYSTEMS 67640-02 W87-70365 147-11-05 W87-70123 Gamma Ray Astronomy DOCUMENTATION DEPLOYMENT 188-46-57 W87-70229 Information Sciences Research and Technology Optical Communication Technology Development Network Hardware and Sottware Development Tools 506-45-00 W87-70077 310-20-67 W87-70424 310-40-72 W87-70433 DOCUMENTS DEPOLARIZATION DIGITAL TECHNIQUES International Halley Watch Lidar Target Calibration Facility Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 156-02-02 W87-70173 146-72-10 WE7 70121 505-61-00 W87-70005 Oceanic Remote Sensing Library DEPOSITION Ultrasound Image Enhancement 161-50-02 W87-70202 Planetology Aeolian Processes on Planets 199-80-34 W8 7- 70 2 87 Standard Formatted Data Unit - CCSDS Panel 2 151-01-60 W87-70140 DIODES 656-11-02 W87-70321 DERIVATION Space Data and Communications Research and DOPPLER EFFECT Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer Technology Gas Correlation Wind Sensor 157-04-80 W87-70185 506-44-00 W87-70070 147-18-02 W87-70129 I DESERTS Balloon-Borne Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic Satellite Monitonng of Air Pollution 147-11-07 W87-70124 Planetary Detection 176-10-04 W87-70212 Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer 196-41-54 W87-70239 Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 157-04-80 W87-70185 DOPPLER RADAR 677-21-32 W87-70379 DIRECTIONAL ANTENNAS Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment Satellite Measurement of Land Surface Parameters for Mobile Communications Technology Development 14672-04 W87-70117 Climate Studies 650-60-15 W87-70312 Flight Dynamics Technology 877-21-36 W87-70382 DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION (CRYSTALS) 310-1 0-26 W87-70412 DESIGN ANALYSIS Metals and Alloys DOSIMETERS Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology 674-25-08 W8 7- 70 3 5 3 Radiobiology 506-40-00 W87-70045 DIRECTIVITY 199-22-71 W87-70262 Information Sciences Research and Technology Mobile Communications Technology Development DOWNLINKING 506-45-00 W87-70076 650-60-15 W87-70312 Examination of Chukchi Air-Sea-Ice Processes Systems Analysis DISCONTINUITY 161-40-30 W87-70201 506-49-00 W87-70094 Solar and Heliospheric Physics Data Analysis Communications Laboratory for Transponder Tropospheric Temperature Sounder 188-3841 W87-70216 Development 146-72-02 W87-70115 DISEASES 650-60-23 W87-70316 Solar Dynamics Observatory/Solar Oscillations Imager Longitudinal Studies (Medical Operations Longitudinal DRAG REDUCTION 159-38-01 W87-70187 Studies) Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology A Study of the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) for 199-11-21 W87-70244 505-60-00 W87-70001 Astronomy Applications Biospheric Monitoring and Disease Prediction Gravity Field Mission Studies 159-41 -01 W87-70189 199-30-32 W87-70265 676-59-10 W87-70368 Development of Space Infrared Telescope Facility Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment DRIFT (INSTRUMENTATION) (SIRTF) 677-21-32 W87-70379 Space Flight Systems Research and Technology 159-4 1-06 W87-70191 DISPERSING 506-48-00 W87-70088 Optical Technology for Space Astronomy Center for Star Formation Studies DROP TOWERS 188-41-23 W8 7- 70 2 23 188-46-52 W87-70231 Microgravity Science Research Laboratory Ultrasound Detection of Bends DISPLAY DEVICES 674-27-05 W87-70358 199-11-34 W87-70246 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Ground Experiment Operations Man-Machine Engineering Requirements for Data and 505-66-00 W87-70016 674-28-05 W8 7- 70 3 5 9 Functional Interlaces Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Ground Experiment Operations 199-61-41 W87-70282 505-66-00 W87-70018 674-28-08 W87-70360 Advanced Studies Human Factors Research and Technology DROPS (LIQUIDS) 643-10-05 W87-70308 505-67-00 W87-70019 Planetary Lightning and Analysis of Voyager EOS High Rate Data System Testbed Human Factors Research and Technology ObSeNaliOnS 656-25-01 W87-70326 505-67-00 W87-70021 154-90-80 W87-70168 GPS Positioning of a Marine Buoy for Plate Motion X-ray Astronomy Glasses and Ceramics Studies 188-46-59 W87-70230 674-26-08 W87-70357 676-59-45 W87-70372 Image Processing Capability Upgrade DRUGS 677-80-22 W8 7 70 3 9 7 Cardiovascular Physiology IR Mapper - 199-21-12 W87-70252 838-59-06 W87-70404 DISSOCIATION GIOTTO PIA Co-InvestigatorSupport Bone Physiology Sounding Rocket Experiments (Astronomy) 15603-04 W87-70176 199-22-31 W87-70256 879-11-41 W87-70408 DISTRIBUTED FEEDBACK LASERS DUCTILITY Earth Orbiter Tracking System Development Space Data and Communications Research and Earth Structure and Geophysics 310-10-61 W87-70414 Technology 676-30-05 W87-70363 Optical CommunicationTechnology Development 506-44-00 W87-70065 Tectonics of Western Basin and Range 310-20-67 W87-70424 DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING 677-43-21 W87-70388 DETECTION Space Data Communications Research and DUNES Information Sciences Research and Technology technology Landforms in Polar Regions 506-45-00 W87-70073 506-44-00 W87-70068 677-43-22 W8 7- 70 3 8 9

1-14 SUBJECT INDEX ELECTRON BEAMS

DUNITE EARTH MANTLE InterdisciplinaryTechnology Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains GIOTTO - Ion Mass Spectrometer, Co-Investigator 505-90-00 W87-70030 677-41-29 W87-70386 sum InterdisciplinaryTechnology DURABILITY 156-03-03 W87-70175 505-90-00 W87-70031 Space Flight Research and Technology Earth Structure and Geophysics InterdisciplinaryTechnology W87-70086 676-30-05 W87-70363 506-4840 505-90-00 W87-70032 DUST EARTH OBSERVATIONS (FROM SPACE) InterdisciplinaryTechnology Planetary Materials: Collection, Preservation, and Systems Analysis Distribution 506-4940 W87-70092 506-90-00 W87-70098 Planetary Materials: Collection, Preservation. and 152-m0-40 W87-70157 Biospheric Monitoring and Disease Prediction Distribution Physical and Dynamical Models of the Climate on 199-30-32 W87-70265 152-20-40 W67-70157 Mars EARTH ORBITS Life Sciences Education 155-04-80 W87-70170 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology GIOlT0 PIA Co-Investigator Support 506-4640 W87-70080 199-90.68 W87-70291 156-03-04 W87-70176 System Analysis EFFECTIVENESS Definition and DevelcQment of a Thermal Ionization 506-49-00 W67-70097 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote Atmospheric Backscatter Experiment 505-6640 W87-70016 Planetary Analyses 146-72-11 W87-70122 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 157-0340 W87-70181 Space Station Health Maintenance Facility 506-46-00 W87-70079 Satellite Monitoring of Air Pollution 199-11-31 W87-70245 Human Factors Research and Technology 176-10-04 W67-70212 Earth Orbiter Tracking System Development 50647-00 W87-70084 Laboratory Study of Chemical and Physical Properti 310-10-61 W87-70414 Vibroacoustic HabitabilityIProductivity of Interstellar PAHs EARTHRESOURCES 199-1 3-40 W67-70249 188-41-57 W87-70226 Terrestrial Ecosystems Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies 677-21-24 Center for Star Formation Studies W87-70376 643-10-01 W87-70306 188-48-52 W87-70231 Landforms in Polar Regions EJECTION Cosmic Evolution of Biogenic Compounds 677-43-22 W67-70389 Cosmic Evolution of Biogenic Compounds 199-52-12 W87-70272 EARTH ROTATION 199-52-12 W87-70272 Energetic Particles and Plasmas in the Magnetospheres Earth Structure and Geophysics EJECTORS of Jupiter and Saturn 676-30-05 W87-70363 Propulsion and Power Research and Technology 442-2044 W87-70296 Polar Motion and Earth Models 505-62-00 W87-70008 DUST STORMS 676-30-44 W67-70364 ELECTRA AIRCRAFT Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets EARTHSURFACE Global Tropospheric Experiment Aircraft 151-01-60 W87-70140 InterdisciplinaryScience Support Measurements Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets 147-51-1 2 W87-70137 176-20-99 W87-70213 151-02-63 W87-70144 Satellite Measurement of Land Surface Parameters for ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Climate Studies Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Materials and Structures Research and Technology 677-21-36 W87-70382 506-4 1-00 W87-70051 505-63-00 W87-70011 Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) ELECTRIC FIELDS GIOTTO, Magnetic Field Experiments 677-22-28 W87-70384 Planetary Lightning and Analysis of Voyager 156-03-05 W87-70177 Remote Sensing Science Program Observations DYNAMIC RESPONSE 677-2441 W87-70385 154-90-80 W87-70168 Materials and Structures Research and technology New Techniques for Quantitative Analysis 01 SAR Particle and ParticleIPhoton Interactions (Atmospheric 505-6340 W87-70012 Images Magnetospheric Coupling) DYNAMIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 677-46-02 W87-70395 442-36-56 W87-70301 Materials and Structures Research and Technology Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology . Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics 506-43-00 W87-70061 Retrospective Studies Experiments Control of Flexible Structures Flight Experiment 677-92-22 W67-70399 445-1 1-36 W87-70304 542-06-00 W67-70104 Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology . ELECTRIC POTENTIAL Measurements Techniques Information Sciences Research and Technology 677-92-23 W67-70400 506-45-00 W87-70076 E Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - Global ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION Simulations Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology EARTH (PLANE?') 677-92-24 W87-70401 506-41-00 W67-70047 Planetary Materials: Mineralogy and Petrology EARTH TERMINALS ELECTRIC PROPULSION 152-11-40 W87-70148 Experiments Coordination and Mission Support Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology 64641-01 W87-70310 506-41-00 W87-70047 152-12-40 W87-70149 Space Communications Systems Antenna Technology ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS Planetary Materials: Chemistry 650-60-20 W87-70313 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 152-13-40 W87-70151 Satellite Switching and Processing Systems 506-41-00 W87-70051 Stratospheric Dynamics 650-60-21 W87-70314 ELECTRODES 673-61-03 W87-70341 ECONOMICS Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Geopolential Fields (Magnetic) Advanced Studies 506-41-00 W87-70048 676-40-02 W87-70365 643-10-05 W87-70309 ELECTRODYNAMICS EARTH ATMOSPHERE ECOSYSTEMS Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics Satellite Monitoring of Air Pollution Tropical Ecosystem Research Experiments 176-1 0-04 W87-70212 199-30-62 W87-70266 445-1 1-36 W67-70304 Biogeochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems Bieochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems ELECTROLYTES 199-30-72 W87-70267 199.30-72 W87-70267 Cardiovascular Physiology Atmosphere-IonospheMagnetosphere Interactions Forest Biomass 199-21-12 W87-70252 442-20-01 W87-70293 677-21-05 W87-70375 Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology, Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - Global Tenestrial Ecosystems Endocrinology. and Nutrition) Simulations 677-21-24 W87-70376 199-21-51 W87-70253 677-92-24 W67-70401 Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of ELECTROLYTIC CELLS EARTH CRUST Forest Decline Damage Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Earth Structure and Geophysics 677-21-25 W87-70377 506-4140 W87-70048 676-30-05 W87-70363 Forest Evapotranspirationand Production ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains 677-21-31 W87-70378 Planetary Materials: Surface and Exposure Studies 677-41-29 W87-70386 Interactions of Environment and Vegetation 152-17-40 W87-70155 Tectonics of Western Basin and Range Composition, Structure, and Function on a Major Tropical Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres 677-43-21 W67-70388 Ecocline 154-40-60 W87-70162 Continental Accretion 677-21-33 W87-70380 ELECTROMAGNETIC SCAlTERING 677-43-23 W87-70390 Fluorescence of Marine Plankton Topographic Profile Analysis Biogeochemical Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems 677-21-35 W87-70381 161-30-05 W87-70197 677-43-24 W87-70391 Forest Dynamics ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRA Sources of Magnetic Anomaly Field Information Sciences Research and Technology 677-21-40 W87-70363 617-4543 W87-70393 506-45-00 W87-70073 Determination and Inversion of Crustal Magnetic EDDYCURRENTS ELECTROMYOGRAPHY Gravity Field Mission Studies Fields Muscle Physiology 677-4506 W87-70394 676-59-10 W87-70368 199-22-42 W87-70259 EARTH ENVIRONMENT EDGES ELECTRON BEAMS Biospheric Monitoring and Disease Prediction Examination of Chukchi Air-Sea-Ice Processes Space Data and Communications Research and 199-30-32 W87-70265 161-40-30 W87-70201 Technology EARTHHYDROSPHERE EDUCATION 506-44-00 W87-70069 Forest Dynamics InterdisciplinaryTechnology Information Sciences Research and Technology 677-21-40 W87-70383 505-90-00 W87-70029 506-45-00 W87-70076 ELECTRON DIFFRACTION SUBJECT INDEX

ELECTRON DIFFRACTION ENDOCRINOLOGY General AviationlCommuter Engine Technology A Laboratory Investigation of the Formation, Properties Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology. 535-0540 W87-70043 and Evolution of Presolar Grains Endocrinology. and Nutrition) ENGINE PARTS 152-12-40 W87-70150 199-21-51 W87-70253 Propulsion and Power Research and Technology ELECTRON ENERGY Hematology, Immunology and Endocrinology 505-62-00 W87-70007 Particle and ParticWPhoton Interactions (Atmospheric 199-21-52 W87-70254 Materials and Structures Research and technology Magnetospheric Coupling) Bone Physiology 505-6300 W87-70012 442-3656 W87-70301 199-22-31 W87-70256 ENGINEERING InterdisciplinaryTechnology ELECTRON MICROSCOPES ENERGETIC PARTICLES W87-70098 Planetary Materials: Mineralogy and Petrology Gamma Ray Astronomy and Related Research 506-9040 152-1140 W87-70148 188-4647 W87-70228 InterdisciplinaryTechnology Planetary Materials: Surface and Exposure Studies 506-90-00 W87-70100 Gamma Ray Astronomy 152-17-40 W87-70155 ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT 188-46-57 W87-70229 ELECTRON MICROSCOPY Systems Engineering and Management Technology A Laboratory Investigationof the Formation, Properties Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics 310-40-49 W87-70432 and Evolution of Presolar Grains Experiments ENTHALPY 152-1240 W87-70150 445-11-36 W87-70304 Large-ScaleAir-Sea Interactions ELECTRON PROBES ENERGY BUDGETS 161-80-42 W87-70210 Planetary Materials: Mineralogy and Petrology Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres ENVIRONMENT MODELS 152-11-40 W87-70148 154-40-80 W87-70162 Mars Exobiology Research Consortium ELECTRON XATTERING Laboratory Study of Chemical and Physical Properties 155-20-80 W87-70172 Theoretical Studies of Active Galaxies and Quasi-Stellar of Interstellar PAHs Forest Evapotranspirationand Production objects (am) 188-41-57 W87-70226 677-21-31 W87-70378 188-4601 W87-70227 Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment Biogeochemical Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems Theoretical Studies and Calculation of 199-30-99 W87-70268 677-21-35 W87-70381 Electron-MoleculeCollision Processes Relevant to Space Radiative Effects in Clouds First International Satellite ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION Plasma Physics Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment Balloon Microwave Limb Sounder (BMLS) Stratospheric 442-3650 W87-70303 672-22-99 W87-70334 Measurements ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Aerosol Formation Models 147-12-06 W87-70125 Information Sciences Research and Technology 672-31-02 W87-70335 ENVIRONMENT SIMULATION 506-45-00 W87-70074 Chemistry 01 Stratosphere Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets ELECTRONS 673-62-04 W87-70342 151-01-60 W87-70140 Space Radiation Effects and Protection Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets 199-22-76 W87-70263 677-21-32 W87-70379 151-02-63 W87-70144 ELECTROPHORESIS Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL Biotechnology Research 677-22-28 W87-70384 Spacecraft Environmental Factors 674-23-01 W87-70347 ENERGY CONVERSION 199-13-41 W87-70250 I Metals and Alloys Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Lunar Base Controlled Ecological Life Support System 674-2504 W87-70351 506-41-00 W87-70052 199-61-11 W87-70280 ELECTROSTATICS ENERGY CONVERSION EFFICIENCY ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Metals and Alloys Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Satellite Monitoring of Air Pollution 674-25-04 W87-70351 506-41-00 W87-70048 176-10-04 W87-70212 ELEVATION ANGLE ENERGY DISSIPATION EQUATORS NASA-Ames Research Center Vertical Gun Facility Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions 151-0260 W87-70142 154-90-80 W87-70169 161-80-42 W87-70210 EMBRYOLOGY Modeling Coronal Structure and Energetics EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS Developmental Biology 188-38-01 W87-70217 ATD Near Term Flight Hardware Definition 199-40-22 W87-70270 ENERGY DISTRIBUTION 199-80-92 W87-70289 EMERGENCIES Theoretical Studies of Active Galaxies and Ouasi-Stellar EOS High Rate Data System Testbed Applications Experiments Program Support Objects (QSOs) 65625-01 W87-70326 646-41-02 W87-70311 188-460 1 W87-70227 PACE Flght Experiments EMISSION ENERGY POLICY 674-24-06 W87-70350 Far Infrared Balloon Radiometer for OH Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology SuperconductingGravity Gradiometer 147-12-1 5 W87-70126 506-41-00 W87-70050 678-59-33 W87-70371 Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar ENERGY REQUIREMENTS EROSION Medium. Molecular Clouds. Star Formation Lunar Base Controlled Ecological Life Support System Topographic Profile Analysis 188-41-53 W87-70225 199-61-11 W87-70280 677-43-24 W87-70391 X-ray Astronomy ENERGY SPECTRA ERROR ANALYSIS 108-4659 W87-70230 Advanced Mission Study Solar X-Ray Pinhole Occulter Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies Infrared Imaging of Comets Facility (POF) 146-6602 W87-70112 196-41-30 W87-70236 159-38-03 W87-70188 Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature Tropical Ecosystem Research Theoretical Studies 01 Actwe Galaxies and Quasi-Stellar 161-80-40 W87-70208 199-30-62 W87-70266 Objects (QSOs) Geopotential Fields (Magnetic) EMISSION SPECTRA 188-4601 W87-70227 67640-02 W87-70365 Gas Correlation Wind Sensor ENERGY STORAGE Earth Orbiter Tracking System Development 147-18-02 W87-70129 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 310-1 0-61 W87-70414 Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling 506-41-00 W87-70048 ERRORS 154-90-80 W87-70169 ENERGY TRANSFER Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies Mars Exobiology Research Consortium Materials and Structure Research and Technology 1466602 W87-70112 155-20-80 W87-70172 506-43-00 W87-70059 Ocean Circulation and Satellite Altimetry Optical Technology for Space Astronomy Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres 161-80-38 W87-70207 188-41-23 W87-70223 154-20-80 W87-70160 Tropical Ecosystem Research Advanced Mission Study Solar X-Ray Pinhole Occulter Polar Motion and Earth Models 199-30-62 W87-70266 Facility (POF) 676-30-44 W87-70364 Terrestrial Ecosystems 159-38-03 W87-70188 Tectonics of Westem Basin and Range 677-21-24 W87-70376 Gamma Ray Astronomy 677-43-21 W87-70388 Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of 188-46-57 W87-70229 Radio Metric Technology Development

Forest Decline Damage Data Analysis ~ Space Plasma Physics 310-10-60 W87-70413 677-21-25 W87-70377 442-20-02 W87-70295 ESTIMATES Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains Satellite Measurement of Land Surface Parameters lor Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies 677-41-29 W87-70386 Climate Studies 146-66-02 W87-70112 Arid Lands Geobotany 677-21-36 W87-70382 Ocean Circulation and Satellite Altimetry 677-42-09 W87-70387 Sounding Rocket Experiments 161-80-38 W87-70207 Sounding Rocket Experiments (Astronomy) 879-11-38 W87-70407 Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature 879-11-41 W87-70408 ENGINE AIRFRAME INTEGRATION 161-80-40 W87-70208 EMITTANCE Propulsion and Power Research and Technology Chemistry of Stratosphere GIOTO PIA Co-Investigator Support 505-62-00 W87-70007 W 87-70342 673-62-04 W87-70342 156-03-04 W87-70176 Propulsion and Power Research and Technology Remote Sensing Science Program 505-62-00 W87-7ooo8 Forest Biomass 677-24-01 W87-70385 Systems Analysis 677-21-05 W87-70375 END EFFECTORS 505-6940 W87-70025 ESTIMATING Human Factors Research and Technology Systems Analysis Ocean Productivity 506-47-00 W87-70083 505-69-00 W87-70027 161-30-02 W87-70195 END-TO-END DATA SYSTEMS ENGINE DESIGN ETCHING SAlS Testbed Planning Systems Analysis Information Sciences Research end Technology 656-1 1-01 W87-70319 505-69-00 W87-70027 506-4540 W87-70076

1-16 SUBJECT INDEX FEVER

ETHANE EXPERT SYSTEMS FABRICATION Ground-Based Infrared Astronomy Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Materials and Structures Research and technology 196-41-50 W87-70237 505-6600 W87-70018 505-6340 W87-70012 EUROPA Spece Data and Communications Research and Airborne Rain Mapping Radar System Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes Technology 14646-05 W87-70113 151-02-64 W87-70145 506-44-00 W87-70071 Atmospheric Backscatter Experiment EUROPEAN SPACE PROQRAMS Automation and Robotics Technology 146-72-11 W87-70122 Human Factors Research and Technow 549-0140 W87-70105 Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) 506-47-00 W87.70083 Automation and Robotics Technology 159-46-01 W87-70192 EVALUATION 5490140 W87-70106 Optical Technology for Space Astronomy Solar Dynamics ~servatory/SolarOscillations lmaget Space Systems and Navigation Technology 188-41-23 W87-70223 159-38-01 W87-70187 3 10-10-63 W87-70416 Space Communications Systems Antenna Technology EVAPORATION Network Systems Technology Development 650-60-20 W87-70313 Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) 310-20-33 W87-70417 RF Components for Satellite Communications 677-22-28 W87-70384 DSN Monitor and Control Technology systems EVAPOTRANSPIRATION 310-3068 W87-70425 650-60-22 W87-70315 Forest Evapotranspirationand Production Human-To-Machine Interface Technology Advanced Magnetometer 677-21-31 W87-70378 310-40-37 W87-70428 676-59-75 W87-70373 Interactions of Environment and Vegetation Expert Systems for Automation of Operations Design Definition for a Planetary Thermal Infrared Composition. Structure, and Function on a Major Tropical 310-40-44 W87-70429 Multispectral Scanner (PTIMS) Ecocline EXPLORATION 838-59-80 W87-70406 677-21-33 W87-70380 X-ray Astronomy Optical Communication Technology Development EVENTS 18E4659 W87-70230 310-20-67 W87-70424 Cosmic Evolution of sibgenic Compounds Topographic Profile Analysis FABRY-PEROT SPECTROMETERS 199-52-12 W87-70272 677-43-24 W87-70391 Optical Astronomy Evolution of Advanced Life EXPOSURE 196-41-71 W87-70242 199-52-42 W87-70277 Matecials and Structures Research and Technology FACTORIAL DESIGN EVOLUTION (DEVELOPMENT) 506-43-00 W87-70064 Interactions of Environment and Vegetation Ring Dynamics and Morphology Longitudinal Studies (Medical Operations Longitudinal Composition, Structure, and Function on a Major Tropical 151-0247 W87-70147 Studies) Ecocline Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology 199-11-21 W87-70244 677-21-33 W87-70380 152-12-40 W87-70149 Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) FADING Planetary Materials: Chemiivy 199-22-92 W87-70264 Mobile Communications Technology Development 152-13-40 W87-70151 Gravity-SensingSystems 650-60-1 5 W87-70312 Planetary Materials-Carbonaceous Meteorites 199-40-12 W87-70269 FAR INFRARED RADIATION 152-13-60 W87-70152 EXTINCTION Far Infrared Balloon Radiometer for OH Planetary Materials: Geochronology IR Remote Sensing of SST 147-12-1 5 W87-70126 152-14-40 W87-70153 161-30-03 W87-70196 FAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION Planetary Materials: Isotope Studies Aerosol and Gas Measurements Addressing Aerosol GAS UV Spectrometer 152-15-40 W87-70154 Climatic Etfects 154-6040 W87-70165 Planetary Materials: Surface and Exposure Studies 672-21-99 W87-70332 Ultraviolet Detector Development 152-17-40 W87-70155 EXTRAGALACTICRADIO SOURCES 188-41-24 W87-70224 EXCHANGING Astronomy and Relativity Data Analysis Sounding Rocket Experiments (Astronomy) Microwave Temperature Profiler for the ER-2 Aircraft 188-41-21 W87-70222 879-11-41 W87-70408 for Support of the StratospheridTropospheric Exchange EXTRATERRESTRIALENVIRONMENTS FATIGUE (MATERIALS) Project Detectin of Other Planetary Systems Materials and Structures Research and Technology 147-14-07 W87-70127 196-4168 W87-70241 505-63-00 W87-70010 EXCITATION EXTRATERRESTRIALRADIATION Materials and Structures Research and Technology Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic X-Gamma Neutron Gamma/lnstrument Definition 505-63-00 W87-70011 Planetary Detection 157-03-50 W87-70182 FAULTTOLERANCE 196-41-54 W87-70239 Radiobiology Information Sciences Research and Technology EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 199-22-71 W87-70262 505-65-00 W87-70014 Muscle Physiology EXTRATERRESTRIALRESOURCES Human Factm Research and Technology 199-22-42 W87-70259 Lunar Base Controlled Ecological Life Support System 505-67-00 W87-70021 EXOBIOLOGY 19961-11.. ~87.702~0. .-__ Information Sciences Research and Technoloav Mars Exob~ologyResearch Consortium EXTRAVEHICULARACTIVITY 50645-00 WG-70074 155-20-80 W87-70172 Human Factm Research and Technology DSN Monnor and Control Technology Characteristics of Volatiles in Interplanetary Dust ~m47m"" Wn7.7MnI-,""-" 310-30-68 W87-70425 Particles -"--. ..". Human Factors Research and Technology FAULTS 199-52-31 W87-70275 506-4740 W87-70084 Network Communications Technology Data Analysis - Exobiology in Solar System 310-20-38 W87-70418 Exploratin EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION FEASIBILITY 199-70-22 W87-702884 GAS UV Spectrometer Atmospheric Backscatter Experiment 154-60-80 W87-70165 Advanced Technology Development - Future Lite 146-72-11 W87-70122 Soiences Flight Experiments Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility 199-80-82 W87-70288 188-38-51 W87-70218 188-78-46 W87-70232 Space Station Life sciences Structure and Evolutin of War Magnetic Fields IR Mawer 199-90-62 W87-70290 188-38-53 W87-70221 838.59-66 W87-70404 EXOSPHERE EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCIES FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS AtrnospherslonosphersMagnetosphere Interactions Advanced Transmitted Systems Development Systems Analysis 442-2041 W87-70293 310-20-64 W87-70421 505-6940 W87-70026 EXPANSION Systems Analysls Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 5056940 W87-70027 50646-00 W87-70081 F Oblique Wlng Technology EXPERIMENT DESIGN 533-06-00 W87-70039 Space Flight Systems Research and Technology F-104 AIRCRAFT Remote Senslng of kr-Sea Fluxes 5064840 W87-70088 Grwnd Experiment Operations 161-80.1 5 W87-70205 Space Flight Research and Technology 674-28-08.. __ .. wt17.7n~m.. -. . _-- - Soace Stauon Exercise Countermeasures 506-48M) w87-70089 F-1 11 AIRCRAFT 19911-11 W87-70243 Bioregeneratie Life Support Research (CELSS) High-Performance Flight Research Man-Machine Engineering Requirements for Data and 199-61-1 2 W87-70281 533-02-00 W87.70036 Functional Interfaces Space Station Life Sciences w87-70290 F-15 AIRCRAFT 199-61-41 W87-70282 199-90-62 High-PerformanceFlight Research Advanced Technology Development - Future Life Combustion Science 533-02-00 w87.70036 Sciences Flight Experiments 674-22-05 199-60-82 W87-70288 w87-70346 Fluid Dvnamics and Transport Phenomena F-16 AIRCRAFT Network Systems Technology Development 674-24-05 W87-70349 533-0240High-Performance Flight Research 310-20-33 W87-70417 PACE Flight Experiments w87-70036 FEED SYSTEMS 674-24-06 ~87.70350 F-18 AIRCRAFT Radio Systems Development High Temperature, Controlled Redox Studies Flight Systems Research and Technology 310-2046 W87-70423 674-26-01 W87-70354 505-68-00 w87-70023 FEEDBACK Grwnd Experiment Operations High-PerformanceFlight Research Experimental Cloud Analysis Techniques 674-28-08 W87-70360 533-02-00 W87-70036 872-2246 W87-70333 Microgravity Science and Applications Program F-EAIRCRAFT FEVER support Oblique Wing Technology Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 674-29-04 W87-70361 533-06-00 W87-70039 199-30-99 W87-70268

1-17 OFWNAL PAGE IS OF POOR QUALtTY FIBER OPTICS SUBJECT INDEX

FIBER OPTICS InterdisciplinaryTechnology PACE Flight Experiments Ultraviolet Detector Development 505-90-00 W87-70030 674-24-06 W87-70350 188-41-24 W87-70224 FLIGHT OPERATIONS Ground Experiment Operations Network Communications Technology Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 674-2645 W8 7.7 03 5 9 31 0-20-38 W87-70418 50566-00 W87-70017 FLUID FLOW FIBERS Human Factors Research and Technology TheoreticalINumericaIStudy 01 the Dynamics of Ocean Materials and Structures Research and Technology 505-67-00 W87-70019 Waves 50563-00 W87-70010 FLIGHT PATHS 161-80-37 W87-70206 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology FLUID MECHANICS 506-4640 W87-70080 506-40-00 W87-70046 Propulsion and Power Research and Technology FIGHTER AIRCRAFT FLIGHT SAFETY 50562-00 W87-70008 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology FLUORESCENCE 505-61-00 W87-70004 505-61-00 W87-70004 X-Gamma Neutron GammallnStNment Definition Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 157-03-50 W87-70182 50561-00 W87-7oO06 505-66-00 W87-70016 Fluorescenceof Marine Plankton Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Human Factors Research and Technology 161-3045 W87-70197 505-6600 W87-70018 50567-00 W87-70019 X-ray Astronomy High-PerformanceFlight Research Cardiovascular Physiology 879-31-46 W87-70410 533-02-00 W87-70035 199-21-1 2 W87-70252 FLUOROCARBONS FINANCE FLIGHT SIMULATION In-Situ Measurements of Stratospheric Ozone Space Flight Research and Technology Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 147-11-05 W87-70123 506-48-00 W87-70089 505-66-00 W87-70018 FLUX DENSITY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FLIGHT SIMULATORS Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Asteroids Ames Multi-Program Support for Climate Research Oblique Wing Technology Using tha VIA 672-50-99 W87-70338 533-06-00 W87-70039 196-41-51 W87-70238 FINITE DIFFERENCE THEORY FLIGHT TESTS FLY BY WIRE CONTROL Dynamics 01 Planetary Atmospheres Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Technology for Next Generation Rotorcraft 154-20-80 W87-70160 505-60-00 W87-70001 532-09-00 W87-70034 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Oblique Wing Technology Turbine Engine Hot Section Technology 505-61-00 W87-70004 533-06-00 W87-70039 533-04-00 W87-70037 Flight Systems Research and Technology FLYBY MISSIONS FIXED WINGS 505-68-00 W87-70023 International Halley Watch Technology for Next Generation Rotorcraft Technology for Next Generation Rotorcraft 156-02-02 W87-70173 532-09-00 W87-70034 532-09-00 W87-70034 Mariner Mark II Imaging FLAPS (CONTROL SURFACES) High-PerformanceFlight Research 157-03-08 W87-70180 High-PerformanceFlight Research 533-02-00 W87-70035 Definition and Development 01 a Thermal Ionization 533-02-00 W87-70035 Oblique Wing Technology Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument lor Remote FLEXIBILITY 533-06-00 W87-70039 Planetary Analyses Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics Advanced Turboprop Systems 157-03-40 W87-70181 Experiments 535-03-00 W87-70042 Study and Development of a Comet Nucleus Penetrator 445-11-36 W87-70304 Space Flight Research and Technology - Overguideline Electronic and Optical Materials 506-48-00 W87-70085 157-04-80 W87-70184 674-21-08 W87-70345 Space Flight Research and Technology Development of the Pressure Modulator Infrared DSN Monitor and Control Technology 506-48-00 W87-70087 Radiometer 310-30-68 W87-70425 Gravity Probe-E 838-59-03 W87-70402 FLEXIBLE SPACECRAFT 188-78-62 W87-70234 Advanced Transmined Systems Development Materials and Structures Research and Technology Neurophysiology 310-20-64 W87-70421 506-43-00 W87-70064 199-22-22 W87-70255 FLYING PLATFORMS Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Sounding Rockets Space Plasma Physics Climate Modeling with Emphasis on Aerosols and 506-46-00 W87-70079 Expenments Clouds Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 445-11-36 W87-70304 672-32-02 W87-70337 506-46-00 W87-70080 FLOAT ZONES Mesospheric Theory Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Electronic and Opbcal Matenals 673-61-02 W87-70340 506-46-00 W87-70081 674-21-08 W87-70345 Program Development (GSFC) Control of Flexible Structures Flaht Experiment FLOOD PLAINS 677-80-80 W87-70398 542-06-00 W87-70104 Tropical Ecosystem Research FLY WHEELS FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS 199-3062 W87-70266 Frequency and Timing Research Controls and Guidance Research and Technology FLOW CHARACTERISTICS 310-10-62 W87-70415 505-66-00 W87-70016 High-Performance Flight Research FOCUSING Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 533-02-00 W87-70035 GAS UV Spectrometer 505-66-00 W87-70018 Advanced Turboprop Systems 154-60-80 W87-70165 Information Sciences Research and Technology 535-03-00 W87-70041 FOG 506-45-00 W87-70072 FLOW DISTRIBUTION Planetary Clouds Particulates and Ices FLIGHT CONDITIONS Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 154-30-80 W87-70161 Flight Systems Research and Technology 505-61-00 W87-70005 FORCE DISTRIBUTION 505-68-00 W87-70022 Advanced Turboprop Systems Modeling Coronal Structure and Energetics FLIGHT CONTROL 535-03-00 W87-70040 188-38-01 W87-70217 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology FORCED CONVECTION 505-66-00 W87-70016 506-40-00 W87-70045 Metals and Alloys Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology 674-25-05 W87-70352 505-66-00 W87-70018 50660-00 W87-70046 FOREBODIES Flight Systems Research and Technology Space Data and Communications Research and GIOTTO ~ Ion Mass SDectrometer Co-lnvestiaator Technology support 505-68-00 W87-70023 506-44-00 W87-70066 156-03-03 W87-70175 FORECASTING FLIGHT CREWS Larae-Scale Air-Sea Interactions Information Sciences Research and Technology Human Factors Research and Technology 161-86-42 W87-70210 506-45-00 W87-70074 505-67-00 W87-70019 Earth Structure and Geophysics Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies Human Factors Research and Technology 676-30-05 W87-70363 146-66-02 W87-70112 505-67-00 W87-70021 FLOW STABILITY FOREST FIRES FLIGHT HAURDS Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Satellite Monitoring of Air Pollution Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 505-60-00 W87-70002 176-10-04 W87-70212 505-66-00 W87-70018 FLOW VELOCITY FORESTS Flight Systems Research and Technology Multi-Dimensional Model Studies of the Mars Global lnventow Monitorina and Modelina Experiment 505-68-00 W87-70022 Ionosphere 199-30-99 - WE7-70268 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 154-60-80 W87-70167 Forest Biomass Design Definition for a Planetary Thermal Infrared FLUENCE 677-21-05 W87-70375 Multispectral Scanner (PTIMS) Space Radiation Effects and Protection Terrestrial Ecosystems 838-59-80 W87-70406 199-22-76 W87-70263 677-21-24 W87-70376 Sounding Rocket Experiments FLUID DYNAMICS 879-11-38 W87-70407 Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 505-60-00 W87-7OOO2 Forest Decline Damage Human Factors Research and Technology Electronic Materials. Vamr Growth and Low-o~. Gravitv 677-21-25 W87-70377 505-67-00 W87-70019 Techniques Forest Evapotranspirationand Production FLIGHT MECHANICS 674-21-06 W87.70344 677-21-31 W87-70378 InterdisciplinaryTechnology Fluid Dynamics and Transport Phenomena Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 505-90-00 W87-70029 674-24-05 W87-70349 677-21-32 W87-70379

1-18 SUBJECT INDEX GELATION

Interactions of Environment and Vegetation FREQUENCY STABILITY Study and Development of a Comet Nucleus Penelrator Composition. Structure, and Function on a Major Tropical Frequency and Timing Research .Overguideline Ecocline 310-1062 W87-70415 15744-80 W87-70104 677-21-33 W87-70380 Advanced Transmitted Systems Development X-RayIGamma-Ray Facility Program W87-70405 Forest Dynamics 310-20-64 W87-70421 838-59-50 677-2140 W87-70383 Network Signal Processing GAMMA RAY TELESCOPES FORMALISM 310-30-70 W87-70426 Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware Geopotential Fields (Magnetic) FREQUENCYSTANDARDS 188-38-51 W87-70218 676-4042 W87-70365 Frequency and Timing Research GAMMA RAYS FORMAT 310-10-62 W87-70415 Grwnd-Based Observations of the Sun Space Systems and Navigation Technology Standard Format Data Unit 188-38-52 W87-70219 656-1142 W87-70320 310-10-63 W87-70416 Bone Loss FRICTION 199-22-34 W87-70258 Standard Formatted Data Unit - CCSDS Panel 2 Materials and Structures Research and Technology 656-1142 W87-70321 GANYMEDE 506-43-w W87-70063 Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes Planetary Data System FUEL CELLS 151-02-64 W87-70145 656-8041 W87-70331 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology GAS ANALYSIS FORMUUTIONS 506-4140 W87-70047 Aerosol and Gas Measurements Addressing Aerosol Space Station Exercise Countermeasures Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Climatic Effects 199-11-11 W87-70243 506-41-00 W87-70048 672-21-99 W87-70332 Remote Sensing Science Program Space Energy Conversion Research and technology QASCHROMATOGRAPHY 677-24-01 W87-70385 506-41-00 W87-70049 Planetan Instrument Definition and Development Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology FOURIER ANALYSIS Program ~ Titan Atmospheric Analysis Ocean Circulation and Satellite Altimetry 506-41-00 W87-70050 15744-80 W87-70183 161-80-38 W87-70207 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Solar System Exploration FOURIER TRANSFORMATION 506-41-00 W87-70051 199-52-52 W87-70278 Atomic and Molecular Properties of Planetary Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology GAS COMPOSITION Atmospheric Constituents 506-41-00 W87-70052 Planetary Atmospheric Composition. Structure, and 154-50-80 W87-70164 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology History 506-41-00 W87-70053 Kinetic Studies of Tropospheric Free Radicals 154-10-80 W87-70159 176-3041 W87-70214 FUELS Remote Sensing of Airnospheric Structures Propulsion Research and Technology 154-40-80 W87-70163 Ground-Based Infrared Astronomy 506-4240 W87-70054 196-41-50 W87-70237 Stratospheric Dynamics FUNCTIONAL DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS 673-61-03 W87-70341 Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic Advanced Scatterometry GAS DETECTORS Planetary Detection 161-10-08 W87-70193 Planetary Instrument Definition and Development 196-41-54 W87-70239 Advanced Studies Program .Titan Atmospheric Analysis X-ray Astronomy 643-10-05 W87-70308 157-04-80 W87-70183 879-31-46 W87-70410 SAlS Testbed Planning GAS DYNAMICS FRACTIONATION 656-11-01 W87-70319 Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling Planetary Materials: Isotope Studies Pilot Land Data System 176-40-14 W87-70215 152-1 5-40 W87-70154 656-13-50 W87-70323 GAS GIANT PLANETS FRACTURE MECHANICS Planetary Data System Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes Materials and Structures Research and Technology 656-80.01 W87-70331 151-02-64 W87-70145 505-0340 W87-70011 Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Tracking of Planetary Atmospheric Composition, Structure, and FRAGMENTATION the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) History GIOTTO PIA Co-InvestigatorSupport 310-20-39 W87-70419 154-10-80 W87-70159 156-03-04 W87-70176 FUSELAGES GASSPECTROSCOPY Center for Star Formation Studies Advanced Turboprop Systems Tropical Ecosystem Research 188-48-52 W87-70231 535-03-00 W87-70041 199-30-62 W87-70266 Space Radiation Effects and Protection GAS TURBINE ENGINES 199-22-76 W87-70263 Materials and Structures Research and Technology FRAMES (DATA PROCESSING) G 505-63-00 W87-70010 Network Signal Processing Materials and Structures Research and technology 310-30-70 W87-70426 GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS 505-6340 W87-70012 Planetary Materials: Surface and Exposure Studies FRANCE General Aviation/Commuter Engine Technology 152-17-40 W87-70155 Ultrasound Image Enhancement 535-05-00 W87-70043 199-80-34 W87-70287 GALACTIC EVOLUTION GAS-SOLID INTERACTIONS GIOn0 DlDSY Co-InvestigatorSupport FREE FALL Materials and Structures Research and Technology 156-03-07 W87-70178 Glasses and Ceramics 508-43-00 W87-70062 674-2646 W87-70357 GALACTIC STRUCTURE GASES FREE RADICALS Sounding Rocket Experiments (Astronomy) Chemical Kinetics of the Upper Atmosphere 879-11-41 W87-70408 Kinetic Studies of Tropospheric Free Radicals 147-21-03 W87-70130 176-30-01 W87-70214 GALAXIES Planetary geology Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar 151-01-20 W87-70139 FREQUENCIES Medium. Molecular Clouds, Star Formation Mobile Communications Technology Development GAS UV Spectrometer 188-41-53 W87-70225 650-60-15 W87-70312 154-6040 W87-70165 Theoretical Studies of Active Galaxies and Quasi-Stellar RF Components for Satellite Communications GIOTTO - Ion Mass Spectrometer. Co-Investigator Systems Objects (QSOs) 188-46-01 W87-70227 support 650-60-22 W87-70315 156-03-03 W87-70175 Gravity Field Mission Studies X-ray Astronomy GIOTTO, Magnetic Field Experiments 676-59-10 W87-70368 188-46-59 W87-70230 156-0345 W87-70177 FREQUENCYANALYZERS Center for Star Formation Studies Planetary Astronomy and Supporting Laboratory Space Plasma SRT 188-48-52 W87-70231 Research 442-36-55 W87-70298 Cosmic Evolution of Biogenic Compounds 196-41-67 W87-70240 FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT 199-52-12 W87-70272 Tropical Ecosystem Research Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies Sounding Rocket Experiments (Astronomy) 199-30-62 W87.70266 643-10-01 W87-70306 879-11-41 W87-70408 Biogeochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems Propagation Studies and Measurements GALILEO PROJECT 199-30-72 W87-70267 643-10-03 W87-70307 Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures Early Atmosphere: Geochemistry and Photochemistry Advanced Studies 154-40-80 W87-70163 199-52-26 W87-70274 643-10-05 W87-70308 GALLIUM ARSENIDES Solar System Exploration FREQUENCYCONVERTERS Space Data and Communications Research and 199-5262 W87-70278 Communications Laboratory for Transponder Technology Aerosol and Gas Measurements Addressing Aerosol Development 506-44-00 W87-70067 Climatic Effects 650-60-23 W87-70316 672-21-99 W87-70332 GAMMA RAY ASTRONOMY FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION Sounding Rocket Experiments Gamma Ray Astronomy and Related Research Frequency and Timing Research 879-11-38 W87-70407 188-46-57 W87-70228 310-10-62 W87-70415 X-ray Astronomy FREQUENCYRANGES Gamma Ray Astronomy 879-31-46 W87-70410 Information Scies Research and Technology 188-46-57 W87-70229 GEARS 506-45-00 W87-70076 GAMMA RAY SPECTROMETERS Advanced Turboprop Systems FREQUENCYREUSE Planetary Materials: Chemistry 535-03-00 W87-70042 Space Data and Communications Research and 152-13-40 W87-70151 GEUTION Technology X-Gamma Neutron Gammallnstrument Definition Glass Research 506-44-00 W87-70069 157-03-50 W87-70182 674-26-04 W87-70355

1-19 GELS SUBJECT INDEX

GELS GEOMORPHOLOGY GRADIENTS Glass Research Landforms in Polar Regions Large-ScaleAir-Sea Interactions 674-26-04 W87-70355 677-43-22 W87-70389 161-80-42 W87-70210 GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT GEOPHYSICS Biogeochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems Applied Aerodynamics Research end Technology X-Gamma Neutron Gamma/ Instrument Definition 199-30-72 W87-70267 505-6100 w87-Too06 157-03-50 ~87.70182 GRAND TOURS General AviationlCommuter Engine Technology Advanced Scanerometry Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures 535-0500 W87-70043 161-10-08 W87-70193 154-40-80 W87-70163 Optical Communication Technology Development GEOBOTANY Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice 310-20-67 W87-70424 Arid Lands Geobotany 161-40-02 W87-70198 677-42-09 W87-70387 GRANULAR MATERIALS Examination of Chukchi Air-Sea-Ice Processes A Laboratory Investigation of the Formation, Properties Continental Accretion 161-40-30 W87-70201 677-43-23 W87-70390 and Evolution of Presolar Grains GEOCHEMISTRY Research in Astrophysics: Solar System. Turbulence 152-12-40 W87-70150 188-80-02 W87-70235 General Operations and Laboratory Facilities - Planetary GRAPHIC ARTS Materials Earth Structure and Geophysics General Operations and Laboratory Facilities ~ Planetary 152-30-40 W87-70158 67630-05 W87-70363 Materials Mars Exobiology Research Consortium Geopotential Fields (Magnetic) 152-30-40 W87-70158 155-20-80 W87-70172 676-40-02 W87-70365 GRASSLANDS X-Gamma Neutron Gamma/ Instrument Definition GEOPOTENTIAL Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 157-03-50 W87-70182 Geopotential Fields (Magnetic) 199-30-99 W87-70268 Early Atmosphere: Geochemistry and Photochemistry 676-40-02 W87-70365 Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 199-52-26 W87-70274 GEOPOTENTIAL RESEARCH MISSION 677-21-32 W87-70379 GEODESY Gravity Field and Geoid GRATINGS (SPECTRA) Earth Structure and Geophysics 676-40-10 W87-70366 Optical Technology for Space Astronomy 188-41-23 W87-70223 678-3045 W87-70363 Geopotential Research Mission (GRM) Studies GRAVIMETERS GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional 676-59-10 W87-70367 Gravity-Sensing Systems Geodesy in the Caribbean Advanced Magnetometer 676-59-31 W87-70369 199-40-12 W87-70269 676-59-75 W67-70373 GPS Positioning of a Marine Buoy for Plate Motion GRAVIRECEPTORS Studies GEOS 3 SATELLITE Gravity-Sensing Systems 676-59-45 W87-70372 Ocean Circulation and Satellite Altimetry 199-40-12 W87-70269 161-80-38 W87-70207 GEODETIC SURVEYS GRAVITATION GPS Positioning of a Marine Buoy for Plate Motion GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBITS Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature Studies Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 161-80-40 W87-70208 676-59-45 W87-70372 506-46-00 W87-70080 Astronomy and Relativity Data Analysis GEODYNAMICS Systems Analysis 188-41-21 W87-70222 Gravity Field and Geoid 506-49-00 W87-70092 Gravity Probe-B 678-40-10 W87-70366 Space Communications Systems Antenna Technology 188-78-62 W87-70234 GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional 650-60-20 W87-70313 Microgravity Science Research Laboratory Geodesy in the Caribbean Optical Communication Technology Development 674-27-05 W87-70358 676-59-31 W87-70369 310-20-67 W87-70424 Ground Experiment Operations Laser Ranging Development Study GIACOBINI-ZINNER COMET 674-28-05 W87-70359 676-59-32 W87-70370 International Halley Watch Continental Accretion Superconducting Gravity Gradiometer 156-02-02 W87-70173 677-43-23 W87-70390 676-59-33 W87-70371 Ground-Based Observations of the Sun GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE GPS Positioning of a Marine Buoy for Plate Motion 186-3652 W87-70219 Center for Star Formalion Studies Studies GIOlTO MISSION 188-48-52 W87-70231 676-59-45 W87-70372 Aeronomy Theory and AnalysisfComet Models GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS Topographic Profile Analysis 154-60-80 W87-70166 Gravity-Sensing Systems 677-43-24 W87-70391 GIOTTO . Ion Mass Spectrometer. Co-Investigator 199-40-12 W87-70269 GEOIDS support Developmental Biology 199-40-22 W87-70270 Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature 156-03-03.. ~~ ~~ W87-70175 161-80-40 W87-70208 GIOTTO PIA Co-Investigator Support Biological Adaptation Gravity Field and Geoid 156-03-04 W87-70176 199-40-32 W87-70271 676-40-10 W87-70366 GIOTTO, Magnetic Field Experiments Electronic Materials. Vapor Growth and Low-g Gravity Techniques GEOLOGICAL FAULTS 156-03-05 W87-70177 674-21-06 W87-70344 GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional GIOTTO DlDSY Co-Investigator Support Electronic and Optical Materials Geodesy in the Caribbean 156-03-07 W87-70178 674-21-08 W87-70345 676-5941 W87-70369 GLACIAL DRIFT Landforms in Polar Regions Combustion Science Tectonics of Western Basin and Range 674-22-05 W87-70346 677-43-21 W87-70388 677-43-22 W87-70389 GLACIERS Biotechnology Research GEOLOGY Landforms in Polar Regions 674-23-01 W87-70347 Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization 677-43-22 W87-70389 Biotechnology Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote GLASS 674-2348 W87-70348 Planetary Analyses Glass Research Metals and Alloys 157-0340 W87-70181 674-26-04 W87-70355 674-25-05 W87-70352 The Early Evolution of Life Glasses and Ceramics Metals and Alloys 199-52-32 W87-70276 674-26-05 W87-70356 674-25-08 W87-70353 Earth Structure and Geophysics Glasses and Ceramics Glasses and Ceramics 676-30-05 W87-70363 674-2600 W87-70357 674-26-05 W87-70356 Multispectral Analysis 01 Ultramafic Terrains GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH PROGRAM Glasses and Ceramics 677-41-29 W87-70386 Microwave Pressure Sounder 674-26-08 W87-70357 Geology Program Support 146-72-01 W87-70114 Microgravity Science Research Laboratory 677-80-19 W87-70396 Global Tropospheric Experiment Aircraft 674-27-05 W87-70358 IR Mapper Measurements Ground Experiment Operations 838-59-06 W87-70404 176-20-99 W87-70213 674-28-05 W87-70359 Design Definition for a Planetary Thermal Infrared GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM Ground Experiment Operations GPS Positioning of a Marine Buoy for Plate Motion Multispectral Scanner (PTIMS) 674-28-08 W87-70360 838-59-80 W87-70406 Studies GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS 676-59-45 W87-70372 GEOMAGNETISM Energetic Particles and Plasmas in the Magnetospheres Earth Orblter Tracking System Development of Jupiter and Saturn Sources of Magnetic Anomaly Field 310-10-61 W87-70414 677-4543 W87-70393 442-20-04 W87-70296 GLOVES Determination and Inversion of Crustal Magnetic Glasses and Ceramics Human Factors Research and Technology 674-2600 W87-70357 Fields 50647-00 W87-70083 677-45-06 W87-70394 Gravity Field and Geoid GOALS 67640-10 W87-70366 GEOMETRY Consulting and Program Support Effects of a Large-Scale Wave-Field Component on 674-29-08 W87-70362 Geopotential Research Mission (GRM) Studies Scatterometer-DerivedWinds GONDOLAS 676-59-10 W87-70367 161-80-41 W87-70209 Multi-Sensor Balloon Measurements Gravity Field Mission Studies Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains 147-16-01 W87-70128 676-59-10 W87-70366 677-41-29 W87-70386 GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT GRAVITATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY Sources of Magnetic Anomaly Field Applications Experiments Program Support Gravity-SensingSystems 677-45-03 W87-70393 646-41-02 W87-70311 199-40-12 W87-70269

1-20 SUBJECT INDEX HIGH ALTITUDE

DevelopmentalBiology Gravity Probe-B Bone Physiology 199-40-22 W87-70270 168-7882 W87-70234 199-22-32 W87-70257 Space Statim Life Sciences Advanced Transmined Systems Development Biotechnology Research 199-9062 W87-70290 310-2064 W87-70421 674-23-01 W87-70347 GRAVIN ANOMALIES HEARING Gravity Field and Geoid H Vibroacoustic Habitability/Prcductivity 676-40-10 W87-70366 199-13-40 W87-70249 GRAVIN GRADIENT SATELLITES HEATBALANCE Gravity Field and Geoid HABlTABlLllY Remote Sensing of Air-Sea Fluxes 676-40-10 W87-70366 Vibroacoustic Habitability/Produclivity GRAVITY GRADIOMETERS 199-13-40 W87-70249 161-80-15 W87-70205 Gravity Field and Geoid Remote Sensing of Volcanic Features HEAT FLUX 676-40-10 W87-70366 677-43-25 W87-70392 Remote Sensing of Air-Sea Fluxes Gravily Field Mission Studies HABITATS 161-80-15 W87-70205 67659-1 0 W87-70368 Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) Superconducti Gravity Gradiometer Forest Decline Damage 677-22-28 W87-70384 67659-33 W87-70371 677-21-25 W87-70377 HEATMEASUREMENT GRAVITY PROBE E HAUS (LANGUAGE) Metals and Alloys Gravity Probe-B Information Sciences Research and Technology 674-25-04 W87-70351 188-7882 W87-70234 506-4540 W87-70077 HEAT PIPES GRAVITY WAVES HALF LIFE Space Energy Conversbn Research and Technology Planetary Materials: Geochronology Analysis of Troposphere-StratosphereExchange 506-41-00 W87-70052 152-14-40 W87-70153 673-42-01 W87-70339 HEAT PUMPS GRAZING INCIDENCE HALLEY'S COMET International Halley Watch Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware 506-4140 W87-70052 156-0242 W87-70173 188-38-51 W87-70218 HEAT RESISTANT ALLOYS GREAT PLAINS CORRIDOR (NORTH AMERICA) The Large-Scale Phenomena Program of the International Halley Watch (IHW) Metals and Alloys Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) 874-2545 W87-70352 156-0242 W87-70174 677-22-28 W87-70384 HEAT SHIELDING GROUNDBASEDCONTROL GIOlTO - Ion Mass Spectrometer. Co-Investigator suw Materials and Structure Research and Technology Flight Dynamics Technoloay 506-43-00 W87-70059 310-10-26 W87-70412 15603-03 W87-70175 GIOTTO PIA Co-Investigator Support HEAT SINKS Human-To-Machine Interface Technology Meteorological Parameters Extraction 310-40-37 W87-70428 156-0304 W87-70176 GIOlTO, Magnetic Field Experiments 146-66-01 W87-70111 Expert Systems for Automation of Operations HEAT STORAGE 310-40-44 W87-70429 156-0345 W87-70177 GIOTTO DIDSY Co-Investigator Support Materials and Structures Research and Technology Mission operatins Technology 506-43-00 W87-70063 310-40-45 W87-70430 156-0347 W87-70178 Ground-Based Observations of the Sun HEAT TRANSFER GROUND STATIONS Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies Advanced Transmitted Systems Development 188-38-52 W87-70219 HALOPHILES 146-66-02 W87-70112 3 10-20-64 W87-70421 Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT The Early Evolution oi Life 199-52-32 W87-70276 151-0264 W87-70145 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Remote Sensing of Air-Sea Fluxes 505-66-00 W87-70017 HANDBOOKS Space Radiation Effects and Protection 161-80-15 W87-70205 Ground Experiment Operations HEATING 199-22-76 W87-70263 674-2845 W87-70359 Space Flight Research and Technology GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS Propagation Studies and Measurements 643-10-03 W87-70307 506-48-00 W87-70086 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology HEAW ELEMENTS 505-8640 W87-70017 HARDWARE Space Flight Systems Research and Technology Planetary Materials: Surface and Exposure Studies GROUND TESTS 152-17-40 W87-70155 Technology for Next Generation Rotorcraft 506-4840 W87-70088 Airborne Rain Mapping Radar System HEAW IONS 532-09-00 W87-70034 Radiobiology Advanced Turboprop Systems 146-66-05 W87-70113 Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware 199-22-71 W87-70262 535-03-00 W87-70042 Space Radiati Effects and Protection htrols and Guidance Research and Technology 188-38-51 W87-70218 Space Statim Exercise Countermeasures 199-22-76 W87-70283 506-46-00 W87-70079 HELICOPTER DESIGN Space Fliht Research and Technology 199.11-11 W87-70243 MPP Maintenance/Operations Systems Analysis 506-48-00 W87-70085 505-69-00 W87-70026 Systems Analysis 656-13-25 W87-70322 HIRE Data Processor HELICOPTERS 506-49-00 W87-70094 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 656-6242 W87-70330 Control of Flexible Structures Flight Experiment 505-61-00 W87-70004 5420800 W87-70104 High Temperature. Controlled Redox Studies 674-26-01 W87.70354 HELIOSEISMOLOGY HIRE Data Processor Solar Dynamics ObseNatory/Solar Oscillations Imager 658-62-02 W87-70330 HARMONIC CONTROL Technology for Next Generation Rotorcraft 159-38-01 W87-70187 Ground Experiment Operations HELIOSPHERE 532-09-00 W87-70034 674-28-05 W87-70359 Solar and Helospheric Physics Data Analysis Arid Lands Geobotany HARRIER AIRCRAFT Hih-Pertormance Fliht Research 188-38-01 W87-70218 671-4249 W87-70387 HELIUM 533-02-00 W87-70036 GROUND mum Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology International Halley Watch HAWAII Remote Sensing of Volcanic Features 50561-00 W87-7ooo5 15642-02 W87-70173 Advanced Magnetometer 677-43-25 W87-70392 GIOTTO PIA Co-Investigator Support 676-59-75 W87-70373 156-03-04 W87-70176 HAZARDS Hematology, Immunology and Endocrinology HEMATOLOGY GIOTTO DIDSY Co-Investigator Support Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology, 199-21-52 W87-70254 156-0347 W87-70178 Endocrinology. and Nutrition) GROUP DYNAMICS HAZE Planetary Clouds Particulates and Ices 199-21-51 W87-70253 Crew Productivity Hematology, Immunology and Endocrinology 154-30-80 W87-70161 199-22-62 W87-70261 199-21-52 W87-70254 GROWTH Aerosol and Gas Measurements Addressing Aerosol Climatic Effects HETERODYNING Developmental Biology Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessmeni 199-40-22 W87-70270 672-21-99 W87-70332 HEAD MOVEMENT 146-72-04 W87-70117 GUIDANCE (MOTION) Atomic end Molecular Properties of Planetary Controls and Guidance Research and Techdogy Cardiovascular Physiology 199-21-12 W87-70252 Atmospheric Constituents 506-48-00 W67-70079 154-5040 W87-70164 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology HEALTH Space Station Health Maintenance Facility Planetary Instrument Development Program/Planetary 506-4600 W87-70080 Astronomy Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 199-11-31 W87-70245 Space Adaptation Syndrome 157-05-50 W87-70186 506-46-00 W87-70081 Optical Communication Technology Development 199-12-51 W87-70248 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 310-2067 W87-70424 506-46.00 W87-70082 Cardiovascular Research (JSC) nian ALTITUDE 199-21-11 W87-70251 GULFS Planetary Materials: Collection, Preservation, and Ocean Productii Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology. Distribution 161-3042 W87-70195 Endocrinology,and Nutrition) 152-20-40 W87-70157 GYROSCOPES 199-21-51 W87-70253 Planetary Instrument Definition and Development Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Neurophysiology Program .Titan Atmospheric Analysis 50e-46-00 W87-70080 199-22-22 W87-70255 157-04-80 W87-70183

1-2 1 I HIGH ELECTRON MOBILITY TRANSISTORS SUBJECT INDEX

HIGH ELECTRON MOBILITY TRANSISTORS HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE Program Development (GSFC) Radio Systems Development Systems Analysis 677-80-80 W8 7- 70 3 9 8 310-2066 W87-70423 506-49-00 W87-70094 Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - Global HIGH GAIN HUMAN BEINGS Simulations Advanced Space Systems for Users of NASA Space Adaptation Syndrome 677-92-24 W87-70401 Networks 199-12-51 W87-70248 HYDROLOGY MODELS 310-20-46 W87-70420 Cardiovascular Research (JSC) Biogeochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems Radio Systems Development 199-21-11 W87-70251 199-30-72 W87-70267 310-20-66 W87-70423 HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING HYDROSTATICS Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology, HIGH POWER LASERS Human Factors Research and Technology Endocrinology, and Nutrition) Space Data and Communications Research and 505-67-00 W87-70019 Technology 199-21-51 W87-70253 Human Factors Research and Technology 506-44-00 W87-70066 HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFT W87-70020 HIGH PRESSURE OXYGEN 505-67-00 Systems Analysis Advanced Earth-To-OrbitSystems Technology Human Factors Research and Technology 505-69-00 W87-70025 525-02-00 W87-70103 505-67-00 W87-70021 HYPERSONIC FLIGHT HIGH RESOLUTION Human Factors Research and Technology Propulsion and Power Research and Technology International Halley Watch 506-47-00 W87-70083 505-62-00 W87-70007 156-02-02 W87-70173 Human Factors Research and Technology Systems Analysts Development of Solar Expenments and Hardware 506-47-00 W87-70084 505-69-00 W87-70027 188-38-51 W87-70218 InterdisciplinaryTechnology Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology Optical Technology for Space Astronomy 506-90-00 W87-70099 506-40-00 W87-70046 188-41 -23 W87-70223 Automation and Robotics Technology HYPERSONIC FLOW Ultraviolet Detector Development 549-01-00 W87-70105 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 188-41-24 W87-70224 Automation and Robotics 505-61-00 W87-70006 X-ray Astronomy 549-01-00 W87-70109 HYPERSONIC VEHICLES 188-4659 W87-70230 Human-To-MachineInterface Technology Space Flight Research and Technology Ground-Based Infrared Astronomy 310-40-37 W87-70428 506-48-00 W87-70086 196-41-50 W87-70237 HUMAN PERFORMANCE HYPERSONICS Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic Human Factors Research and Technology Propulsion and Power Research and Technology Planetary Detection 505-67-00 W87-70019 505-62-00 W87-70008 196-41-54 W87-70239 Human Factors Research and Technology InterdisciplinaryTechnology Optical Astronomy 505-67-00 W87-70020 505-90-00 W87-70032 196-41-71 W87-70242 Human Factors Research and Technology Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology HlRlS Data Processor 505-67-00 W87-70021 506-40-00 W87-70045 656-62-02 W87-70330 Human Factors Research and Technology HYPERVELOCITY GUNS Experimental Cloud Analysis Techniques 506-47-00 W87-70084 NASA-Ames Research Center Vertical Gun Facility 672-22-06 W87-70333 HUMAN REACTIONS 151-02-60 W87-70142 Chemistry of Stratosphere Human Factors Research and Technology HYPERVELOCIN IMPACT 673-62-04 W87-70342 505-67-00 W87-70019 Materials and Structures Research and Technology Terrestrial Ecosystems HUMIDITY 506-43-00 W87-70064 677-21-24 W87-70376 Meteorological Parameters Extraction Satellite Measurement of Land Surface Parameters for 146-66-01 W87-70111 Climate Studies Remote Sensing of Air-Sea Fluxes I 677-21-36 W87-70382 161-80-1 5 W87-70205 Arid Lands Geobotany Forest Evapotranspirationand Production ICE Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes 677-42-09 W87-70387 677-21-31 W87-70378 151-02-64 W87-70145 Topographic Profile Analysis HYDRATION Planetary Clouds Particulates and Ices 677-43-24 W87-70391 A Laboratory Investigation of the Formation. Properties 154-30-80 W87-70161 IR Mapper and Evolution of Presolar Grains Planetary Astronomy and Supporting Laboratory 838-59-06 W87-70404 152-12-40 W87-70150 Research HYDROCARBONS HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER 196-41-67 W87-70240 Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Kinetic Studies of Tropospheric Free Radicals ICE ENVIRONMENTS 505-60-00 W87-70001 176-30-01 W87-70214 Landforms in Polar Regions Laboratory Study of Chemical and Physical Properties HIGH SPEED 677-43-22 W87-70389 Satellite Switching and Processing Systems of Interstellar PAHs 188-41-57 W87-70226 ICE FLOES 650-60-21 W87-70314 Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice Tropical Ecosystem Research HIGH TEMPERATURE 161-40-02 W87-70198 199-30-62 W87-70266 Materials and Structures Research and technology ICE FORMATION HYDROCLIMATOLOGY 505-63-00 W87-70012 Flight Systems Research and Technology Extensions and Testing of the Hydrologic Ceramics for Turbine Engines 505-68-00 W87-70024 Parameterizationin the GlSS Atmospheric GCM 533-05-00 W87-70038 672-31-12 W87-70336 Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice 161-40-02 W87-70198 Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology HYDRODYNAMIC EQUATIONS ICE PREVENTION 506-40-00 W87-70045 Research in Astrophysics: Solar System, Turbulence Flight Systems Research and Technology Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 188-80.02 W87-70235 505-68-00 W87-70024 506-41-00 W87-70050 HYDRODYNAMICS High Temperature. Controlled Redox Studies Formation, Evolution, and Stability of Protostellar IDENTIFYING Detection of Other Planetary Systems 674-26-01 W87-70354 Disks 196-41-68 W87-70241 HIGH TEMPERATURE PLASMAS 151 -02-65 W87-70146 X-ray Astronomy Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar Standard Format Data Unit 188-46-59 W87-70230 Medium. Molecular Clouds, Star Formation 656-11-02 W87-70320 HIGH TEMPERATURE TESTS 188-41-53 W87-70225 IGNEOUS ROCKS Turbine Engine Hot Section Technology HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains 677-41-29 W87-70386 ----vnnd-m -- WR7-70097. .__ Chemical Kinetics of the Uotmr Atmosphere HIGHLANDS 147-21-03 W87-70130 IMAGE ANALYSIS Mars Geology Crustal Dichotomy and Crustal HYDROGEN FUELS Information Sciences Research and Technology C..nl,,+mn Advanced Earth-To-OrbitSystems Technology 506-45-00 W87-70075 151-02-50 W87-70141 525-02-00 W87-70103 Muscle Physiology HYDROGEN MASERS HIGHLY MANEUVERABLE AIRCRAFT 199-22-42 W87-70259 Frequency and Timing Research High-Performance Flight Research Advanced Systems Architecture 310- 10-62 W87-70415 533-02-00 W87-70035 656-44-10 W87-70329 HYDROGEN OXYGEN ENGINES HISTORIES Image Processing Capability Upgrade Advanced Earth-to-Orbit Systems Technology 677-80-22 W87-70397 Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - 525-02-00 W87-70102 IMAGE ENHANCEMENT Retrospective Studies HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE Ultrasound Image Enhancement 677-92-22 W87-70399 Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment HORIZONTAL ORIENTATION 199-30-99 W87-70268 199-80-34 W87-70287 Cardiovascular Physiology Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment IMAGE PROCESSING 199-21-1 2 W87-70252 677-21-32 W87-70379 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional HYDROLOGY 505-61-00 W87-70005 Geodesy in the Canbbean Extensions and Testing of the Hydrologic Atmospheric Parameter Mapping 676-59-31 W87-70369 Parametenzation in the GlSS Atmosphenc GCM 146-72-06 W87-70119 HOUSEKEEPING (SPACECRAFT) 672-31-1 2 W87-70336 The Large-Scale Phenomena Program of the Automation and Robotics Technology Forest Evapotranspirationand Production International Halley Watch (IHW) 549-01-00 W87-70105 677-21-31 W87-70378 156-02-02 W87-70174

1-22 SUBJECT INDEX INFRARED SPECTRA

Ultrasound Image Enhancement INCIDENCE IR Mapper 199-80-34 W87-70287 New Techniques for Quantitative Analysis of SAR 838-59-06 W87-70404 Advanced Systems Architecture Images INFRARED DETECTORS 656-44-10 W87-70329 677-46-02 W87-70395 Information Sciences Research and Technology Image Processing Capability Upgrade INCLUSIONS 506-45-00 W87-70075 677-80-22 W87-70397 Formation, Evolution. and Stability of Protosteltar Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures IMAGE RESOLUTION Disks 154-40-80 W87-70163 Terrestrial Ecosystems 15142-65 W87-70146 GIOTTO DIDSY Co-Investigator Support 677-2144 W87-70376 INCOMPRESSIBLE BOUNDARY LAYER 156-03-07 W87-70178 Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology IMAGERY INFRARED IMAGERY 505-60-00 W87-70002 Infrared Imaging of Comets Atmospheric Parameter Mapping INDUSTRIAL WASTES 146-7246 W87-70119 196-41-30 W87-70236 Balloon Microwave Limb Sounder (BMLS) Stratospheric HlRlS Data Processor Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains Measurements 656-62-02 W87-70330 677-41-29 W87-70386 147-12-06 W87-70125 IR Mapper Communications Systems Research INDUSTRIES 838-5946 W87-70404 310-30-71 W87-70427 Materials and Structures Research and Technology Design Definition for a Planetary Thermal Infrared IMAGES 505-63-00 W87-70009 Multispectral Scanner (PTIMS) Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature Space Flight Research and Technology 838-59-80 W87-70406 161-80-40 W87-70208 506-48-00 W87-70089 INFRARED INSTRUMENTS Tectonics of Western Basin and Range Systems Analysis Meteorological Parameters Extraction 677-43-21 W87-70388 506-49-00 W87-70092 146-66-01 W87-70111 Sounding Rocket Experiments (Astronomy) INFECTIOUS DISEASES Tropospheric Temperature Sounder 879-11-41 W87-70408 Hematology. Immunology and Endocrinology 146-7202 W87-70115 IMAGING RADAR 199-21-52 W87-70254 Infrared Imaging of Comets Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice INFORMATION 19641-30 W87-70236 16140-02 W87-70198 Automation and Robotics Technology INFRARED INTERFEROMETERS New Techniques lor Quantitative Analysis of SAR 549-01-00 W87-70106 Infrared Laboratory Spectroscopy in Support 01 Images Forest EvapOtranspiration and Production Stratospheric Measurements 677-46-02 W87-70395 677-21-31 W87-70378 147-23-08 W67-70133 IMAGING SPECTROMETERS INFORMATION DISSEMINATION Atomic and Molecular Properties of Planetary Optical Technology for Space Astronomy Propulsion Research and Technology Atmospheric Constituents 188-41-23 W87-70223 506-42-00 W87-70057 154-50-80 W87-70164 HlRlS Data Processor Planetary Materials: Collection, Preservation, and INFRARED USERS 656-62-02 W87-70330 Distribution Laser Laboratory Spectroscopy IMAGING TECHNIQUES 152-20-40 W87-70157 147-23-09 W87-70134 Space Data and Communications Research and INFORMATION MANAGEMENT INFRARED PHOTOMETRY Technology Information Sciences Research and Technology Optical Astronomy 506-44-00 W87-70086 506-45-00 W87-70074 196-41-71 W87-70242 Systems Analysis Medical Information Management System (MIMS) INFRARED RADIATION 506-49-00 W87-70092 (Computer Aided Diagnostic with Mathematical Model) IR Remote Sensing of SST Advanced CCD Camera Development 199-70-33 W87-70285 146-72-03 W87-70116 157-01-70 W87-70179 NASA Climate Data System Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment Mariner Mark I1 Imaging 656-31-05 W87-70327 146-72-04 W87-70117 157.0308 W87-70180 Workstation Research and Development Qnamics of Planetary Atmospheres X-Gamma Neutron Gamma/lnstNment Definition 656-42-01 W87-70328 154-20-80 W87-70160 157-03-50 W87-70182 Planetary Data System Physlcal and Qnamical Models 01 the Climate on Solar Dynamics Observatory/Solar Oscillations Imager 656-80-01 W87-70331 Mars 159-38-01 W87-70187 INFORMATION SYSTEMS 155-04-80 W87-70170 Advanced Mission Study Solar X-Ray Pinhole Occulter Systems Analysis IR Remote Sensing of SST Facility (POF) 505-69-00 W87-70026 161-30-03 W87-70196 159-38-03 W87-70188 Space Data and Communications Research and Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar Ultraviolet Detector Development Technology Medium. Molecular Clouds, Star Formation 188-41-24 W87-70224 506-44-00 W87-70071 188-41-53 W87-70225 Gamma Ray Astronomy Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Infrared Imaging of Comets 186-46-57 W87-70229 506-46-00 W87-70082 196-41-30 W87-70236 X-ray Astronomy Planetary Data System and Coordination Ground-Based Infrared Astronomy 188-46-59 W87-70230 155-200-70 W87-70171 196-41-50 W87-70237 Optical Astronomy DetaildNjoku Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic 196-41-71 W87-70242 16140-03 W87-70199 Planetary Detection Ultrasound Detection of Bends NASA Ocean Data System (NODS) 196-41 -54 W87-70239 199-11-34 W87-70246 161-40-10 W87-70200 Optical Astronomy Bone Loss Oceanic Remote Sensing Library 196-41-71 W87-70242 199-22-34 W87-70258 161-50-02 W87-70202 Arid Lands Geobotany Muscle Physiology Biospheric Monitoring and Disease Prediction 677-42-09 W87-70387 199-22-44 W87-70260 199-30-32 W87-70265 Remote Sensing of Volcanic Features Laser Ranging Development Study SAlS Testbed Planning 677-43-25 W87-70392 676-59-32 W87-70370 656-11-01 W87-70319 INFRARED RADIOMETERS IMMOBILIZATION Pilot Land Data System IR Remote Sensing of SST Bone Physiology 656-13-50 W87.70323 146-72-03 W87-70116 199-22-32 W87-70257 Pilot Land Data System (PLDS) Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment Bone Loss 656-1360 W87-70324 146-72-04 W87-70117 199-22-34 W87-70258 EOS High Rate Data System Testbed Far Infrared Balloon Radiometer for OH IMMUNOLOGY 656-25-01 W87-70326 147-12-1 5 W87-70126 Hematology, Immunology and Endocrinology Advanced Systems Architecture IR Remote Sensing of SST 199-21 -52 W87-70254 656-44-10 W87-70329 161-30-03 W87-70196 IMPACT Human-To-Machine Interface Technology Development of the Pressure Modulator Infrared Systems Analysis 31040-37 W87-70428 Radiometer 506-49-00 W87-70092 INFORMATION TRANSFER 838-59-03 W87-70402 IMPACT RESISTANCE Human Factors Research and Technology INFRAREDSCANNERS Materials and Structures Research and Technology 505-67-00 W87-70019 Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains 5W-43-00 W87-70064 INFRARED ABSORPTION 677-41-29 W87-70386 IMPACT TESTING MACHINES DieLaw IR Absorption Spectromeler Design Definition for a Planetary Thermal Infrared GIO'TTO PIA Co-InvestigatorSupport 157-04-80 W87-70185 Multispectral Scanner (PTIMS) 156-03-04 W87-70176 INFRARED ASTRONOMY 838-59-80 W87-70406 GIOlTO DlDSY Co-Investigator Support Study of Large Deployable Reflector for Infrared and INFRAREDSPECTRA 156-03-07 W87-70178 Submillimeter Astronomy Atmospheric Photochemistry IMPACT TESTS 159-41-01 W87-70190 147-22-02 W87-70132 NASA-Ames Research Center Vertical Gun Facility Development of Space Infrared Telescope Facility A Laboratory Investigation 01 the Formatin, Pr-i 151-02-60 W87-70142 (SIRTF) and Evolution of Presolar Grains Study and Development 01 a Comet Nucleus Penetrator 159-41-06 W87-70191 152-12-40 W87-70150

~ Overguideline Ground-Based Infrared Astronomy Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer 157-04-80 W87-70184 196-41-50 W87-70237 157-04-80 W87.70185 IN-FLIGHT MONITORING Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic Atmospheric Backscatter Experiment Planetary Detection Planetary Detection 146-72-11 W87-70122 196-41-54 W87-70239 196-41-54 W87-70239

1-23 INFRARED SPECTROMETERS SUBJECT INDEX

Optical Astronomy Human-To-Machine Interlace Technology INVISCID FLOW 19641-71 W87-70242 310-40-37 W87-70428 Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology INFRAREDSPECTROMETERS Mission Operations Technology 505-60-00 W87-7ooO1 Atomic and Molecular Prooerties of Planetaw Rindnds__ - - W87-70430.. IO Atmospheric Constituents INTERFACIAL TENSION Planetary geology 154.50-80 W87-70164 Metals and Alloys 151-01-20 W87-70139 Planetary Instrument Development ProgramlPlanetary 674-2544 W87-70351 GAS UV Spectrometer Astronomy INTERFEROMETRY 154-60-80 W87-70165 Optical Astronomy 157-0540 W87-70186 Radio Metnc Technology Development 196-41-71 W87-70242 Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroacopic 31 0-10-60 W87-70413 Planetary Detection ION BEAMS 196-41-54 W87-70239 Space Systems and NangatlOn Technology Information Sciences Research and Technology 310-10-63 W87-70416 IR Map~er 506-45-00 W87-70076 838-59-06 W87-70404 INTERGALACTIC MEDIA ION DENSITY (CONCENTRATION) INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY Sounding Rocket Expenments (Astronomy) Multi-Dimensional Model Studies of the Mars Infrared Laboratory Spectroscopy in Support of 879-11-41 W87-70408 Ionosphere Stratospheric Measurements INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 154-60.80 W87-70167 147-2340 W87-70133 Human Factors Research and Technology ION PROBES Kinetic Studies of Tropospheric Free Radicals 50647-00 W87-70083 Planetary Materials: Isotope Studies 17830-01 W87-70214 lnternallonal Halley Watch 152-15-40 W87-70154 Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Asteroids 156-02-02 W87-70173 Space Plasma SRT Using the VLA The Large-Scale Phenomena Program of the 442-36-55 W87-70298 19641-51 W87-70238 International Halley Watch (IHW) ION PROPULSION INFRAREDTELESCOPES 156-02-02 W87-70174 Space Flight Research and Technology A Study of the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) for Ultrasound Image Enhancement 506-4840 W87-70087 Astronomy Applications 199-80-34 W87-70287 IONlUTlON I 159-4341 W87-70189 Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies Planetary Materials: Surface and Exposure Studies Study of Large Deployable Reflector for Infrared and 643-1041 W87-70305 152-17-40 W87-70155 Submillimeter Astronomy Applications Expenments Program Support Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling 159-41-01 W87-70190 846-4142 W87-70311 154-90-80 W87-70169 I INJECTION Magnolia/Magnetic Field Explorer GIOTTO PIA Co-InvestigatorSupport Analysis of Troposphere-StratosphereExchange 876-5940 W87-70374 15603-04 W87-70176 673-42-01 W87-70339 INTERNATIONAL SUN EARTH EXPLORER 3 Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization INLET NOZZLES International Halley Watch Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote Propulsion and Power Research and Technology 156-02-02 W87-70173 Planetary Analyses 505-62-00 W87-7ooO7 INTERPLANETARY DUST 157-03-40 W87-70181 INSECTS GIOlT0 DIDSY Co-lnvesbgator Support IONIZING RADIATION Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 156-03-07 W87-70178 Radiobiology 677-21-32 W87-70379 Characteristics of Volatiles in Interplanetary Dust 199-22-71 W87-70262 INSTRUMENT ERRORS Particles IONOSPHERE Space Flight Systems Research and Technology 199-52-31 W87-70275 Multi-Dimensional Model Studies of the Mars 506-48-00 W87-70088 Solar System Exploration Ionosphere INTEQRATED CIRCUITS 199-52-52 W87-70278 154-60-80 W87-70167 Space Data and Communications Research and Data Analysis - Exobiology in Solar System Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling Technology ExDloration 154-9040 W87-70169 506-4440 W87-70067 199-70-22 W87-70284 Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Interactions Space Communications Systems Antenna Technology INTERPLANETARY FLIGHT 442-20-01 W87-70293 650-80-20 W87-70313 Planetan Data Svstem and Coordination Space Plasma SRT Network Hardware and Software Development Tools 155-20-70. W87-70171 442-36-55 W87-70298 310-40-72 W87-70433 INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM Quantitative Modelling Of the INTEQRATED OPTICS Modeling Coronal Structure and Energetics Magnetospherellonosphere Interaction Including Neutral Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 188-38-01 W87-70217 Winds 506-4640 W87-70080 Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar 442-3655 W87-70300 INTEQRITY Medium. Molecular Clwds, Star Formation Particle and ParticlelPhoton Interactions (Atmospheric Radio Metric Technology Development 188-41-53 W87-70225 MagnetosphericCoupling) 310-10-60 W87-70413 Data Analysis - Space Plasma Physics 442-36-56 W87-70301 INTERCEPTION 442-20-02 W87-70295 Theoretical Studies and Calculation of Information Sciences Research and Technology Particles and PartiilelField Interactions Electron-MoleculeCollision Processes Relevant to Space 506-45-00 W87-70076 442-36-55 W87-70297 Plasma Physics INTERFACES INTERPLANETARYSPACECRAFT 442-3650 W87-70303 Information Sciences Research and Technology Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics 506-45-00 W87-70075 506-46-00 W87-70080 Experiments Information Sciences Research and Technology Advanced CCD Camera Development 445-1 1-36 W87-70304 506-45-00 W87-70077 157-01-70 W87-70179 IONOSPHERIC STORMS Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Optical Communication Technology Development Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Interactions 506-46-00 W87-70080 310-20-67 W87-70424 442-20-01 W87-70293 Human Factors Research and Technology INTERSTELLAR MAQNETIC FIELDS Quantitative Modelling of the 506-47-00 W87-70083 Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility Magnetospherellonosphere Interaction Including Neutral Human Factors Research and Technology 188-78-46 W87-70232 Winds 506-4740 W87-70084 INTERSTELLAR MATER 442-36-55 W87-70300 System Analysis IONS I Laboratory Study of Chemical and Physical Properties 506-4900 W87-70097 of Interstellar PAHs GIOTTO . Ion Mass Spectrometer, Co-Investigator Planetary Data System and Coordination 188-41-57 W87-70226 support 155-20-70 W87-70171 Center for Star Formation Studies 15603-03 W87-70175 International Halley Watch 188-48-52 W87-70231 Energetic Particles and Plasmas in the Magnetospheres 156-02-02 W87-70173 Cosmic Evolution of Biogenic Compounds of Jupiter and Saturn Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization 199-52-12 W87-70272 442-20-04 W87-70296 Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote Theoretical Studies and Calculation of IRRIGATION Planetary Analyses Electron-MoleculeCollision Processes Relevant to Space Biogeochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems 157-0340 W87-70181 Plasma Physics 199-30-72 W87-70267 Man-Machine Engineering Requirements for Data and 442-3650 W87-70303 ISLANDS Functional Interfaces INVENTORIES Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains 199-6141 W87-70282 Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 677-41-29 W87-70386 Ultrasound Image Enhancement 199-30-99 W87-70288 ISOLATION 199-80-34 W87-70287 Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment Center for Star Formation Studies 188-48-52 W87-70231 Pilot Land Data System (PLDS) 677-21-32 W87-70379 Mobile Communications Technology Development 656-13-50 W87-70324 INVENTORY CONTROLS Planetary Materials: Collection, Presewation. and 650-60-15 W87-70312 Advanced Systems Architecture Distribution ISOTOPES 65644-10 W87-70329 152-20-40 W87-70157 Planetary Materials-Carbonaces Meteorites Electronic and Optical Materials INVERSIONS 152-13-60 W87-70152 874-2148 W87-70345 Gravity Field and Geoid GIOlT0 PIA Co-Investigator Support Network Communications Technology 676-40-10 W87-70366 156-03-04 W87-70178 310-20-38 W87-70418 INVERTEBRATES Study and Development of a Comet Nucleus Penetrator DSN Monitor and Control Technology Biological Adaptation - Overguideline 310-30-68 W87-70425 19940.32 W87-70271 15744-80 W87-70184

1-24 SUBJECT INDEX LEAVES

ISOTOPIC LABELING LAMINAR FLOW LASER ALTIMETERS Planetary Materials: Isotope Studies Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Topographic Profile Analysis 152-15-40 W87-70154 505-60-00 W87-7oO02 677-43-24 W87-70391 ITALY LAMINATES Program Development (GSFC) Remote Sensing of Vdcanic Features Materials and Structures Research and Technology 677-80-80 W87-70398 677-43-25 W87-70392 505-63-00 W87-70010 LASER APPLICATIONS LAND ITERATION Space Data and Communications Research and Geology Program Support Astrophysical CCD Development Technology 188-7840 W87-70233 677-80-19 W87-70396 Program Development (GSFC) 506-44-00 W87-70070 IUE Information Sciences Research and Technology Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling 677-80-80 W87-70398 506-45-00 W87-70073 154-9340 W87-70169 Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - Retrospective Studies Laser Laboratory Spectroscopy 677-92-22 W87-70399 147-2349 W87-70134 J Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology . Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic Measurements Techniques Planetary Detection JOINTS (JUNCTIONS) 677-92-23 W87-70400 196-41-54 W87-70239 Program Development (GSFC) Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - Global ACTSlLaser Communications Experiment: Laser Simulations Intersatellite Communications Proof-of-Concept (POC) 677-8080 W87-70398 Development JUPITER (PLANET) 677-92-24 W87-70401 LAND MANAGEMENT Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres 650-60-26 W87-70318 Pilot Land Data System LASER CUTTING 154-4080 W87-70162 Atomic and Molecular Properties of Planetary 656-1360 W87-70323 Information Sciences Research and Technology LAND USE Atmospheric Constituents 506-45-00 W87-70076 Interdisoplinary Studies Land Climatology - LASER INDUCED FLUORESCENCE 154-50-80 W87-70164 Measurements Techniques GAS UV spectrometer Fluorescence of Marine Plankton 677-92-23 W87-70400 161-30-05 W87-70197 154-60.80 W87-70165 LANDFORMS Planetary Lightning and Analysis of Voyager LASER MATERIALS Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets Observations Information Sciences Research and Technology 154-90-80 151-01-60 W87-70140 LASER506-45-00 OUTPUTS W67-70072 W87-70168 LANDINQ Ground-BasedInfrared Astronomy Materials and Structures Research and Technology 196-41-50 W87-70237 Experiments Coordination and Mission Support Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic 505-63-00 W87-7oO09 646-41-01 W87-70310 LANDSAT SATELLITES Planetary Detection Laser Ranging Development Study Tropospheric Temperature Sounder 196-41-54 W87-70239 676-59-32 W87-70370 Optical Astronomy 146-72-02 W87-70115 LASER PUMPING HlRlS Data Processor 196-41-71 W87-70242 Information Sciences Research and Technology Energetic Particles and Plasmas in the Magnetospheres 656-6242 W87-70330 506-45-00 W87-70073 Laser Ranging Development Study of Jupiter and Saturn Laser Ranging Development Study 676-59-32 W67-70370 676-59-32 W87-70370 442-20-04 W87-70296 Forest Biomass JUPITER ATMOSPHERE LASER RANGE FINDERS GAS UV Spectrometer 677-21-05 W87-70375 Laser Ranging Development Study Forest Dynamics 154-60-80 W87-70165 676-59-32 W87-70370 Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling 677-21-40 W87-70383 LASER SPECTROMETERS Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains ' 154-9040 W87-70169 Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic 677-41-29 W87-70386 Planetary Detection New Techniques for Quantitative Analysis of SAR 196-41-54 W87-70239 K Images LASER SPECTROSCOPY 677-46-02 W87-70395 Balloon-Borne Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer Program Development (GSFC) KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY 147-11-07 W87-70124 GIOTTO - Ion Mass Spectrometer, Cc-Investigator 677-8080 W87-70396 Laser Laboratory Spectroscopy LANGUAGES support 147-23-09 W87-70134 156-03-03 W87-70175 Standard Formatted Data Unit - CCSDS Panel 2 Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer KINEMATICS 656-11-02 W87-70321 157-04-80 W87-70185 Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies LAPSE RATE LASERS 14666-02 W87-70112 Microwave Temperature Profiler for the €13-2 Aircraft Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology tw support of the StratosphericlTroposphericExchange Earth Structwe and Geophysics 506-40-00 W87-70046 676-30-05 W87-70363 Project Propulsion Research and Technology KINETICS 147-14-07 W87-70127 506-42-00 W87-70054 Planetary geology LARGESPACESTRUCTURES Soace~~.~ Data- and Communications Research and 151-01-20 W87-70139 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Technology Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice 506-4 1.00 W87-70050 506-44-00 W87-70070 161-40-02 W87-70198 Materials and Structures Research and Technology Information Sciences Research and Technology Kinetic Studies of Tropospheric Free Radicals 506-4340 W87-70061 506-4540 W87-70072 176-30-01 W87-70214 Space Data and Communications Research and InterdisciplinaryTechnology Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling Technology 506-90-00 W87-70099 176-40-14 W87-70215 506-44-00 W87-70066 Laser Laboratory Spectroscopy KLYSTRONS Information Sciences Research and Technology 147-23-09 W87-70134 Advanced Transmitted Systems Development 506-45-00 W87-70075 Interactions of Environment and Vegetation 310-20-64 W87-70421 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Composition. Structure, and Function on a Major Tropical KNOWLEDGE Ecocline Interdisciplinary Research 506-46-00 W87-70079 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 677-21-33 W87-70380 199-90-71 W87-70292 Topographic Profile Analysis Ground Experiment Operations 506-46-00 W87-70080 677-43-24 W87-70391 674-28-08 W87-70360 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology LATENT HEAT 506-46-00 W87-70081 Remote Sensing of Air-Sea Fluxes Space Flight Research and Technology 161-80-15 W87-70205 L 506-48-00 W87-70085 Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) System Analysis 677-22-28 W87-70384 LABORATORIES LATITUDE General Operations and Laboratory Facilities- Planetary 506-49-00 W87-70090 Systems Analysis Atmospheric Backscatter Experiment Materials 506-49-00 W87-70091 146-72-11 W87-70122 152-30-40 W87-70158 LAUNCH VEHICLES Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) Systems Analysis Systems Analysis 199-80-32 W87-70286 506-49-00 W87-70094 High Temperature. Controlled Redox Studies A Study of the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) for 506-49-00 W87-70093 Astronomy Applications LEAD ALLOYS 674-26-01 W87-70354 Metals and Alloys Software Engineering Technology 159-41-01 W87-70189 674-25-05 W87-70352 310-10-23 W87-70411 Study of Large Deployable Reflector for Infrared and LEAR JET AIRCRAFT Submillimeter Astronomy LABORATORY EOUIPMENT Ground Experiment Operations General Operationsand Laboratory Facilities Planetary 159-41-01 - W87-70190 674-28-05 W87-70359 Materials Advanced Space Systems for Users of NASA LEAVES 152-30-40 W87-70158 Netwwks Forest Evapotranspirationand Production Communications Laboratory for Transponder 310-20-46 W87-70420 677-21-31 W87-70378 Development Antenna Systems Development BiogeochemicalCycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems 650-6043 W87-70316 310-20-65 W87-70422 677-21-35 W87-70381

1-25 LEVITATION MELTING SUBJECT INDEX

LEVITATION MELTING LININGS LUMINOSITY Metals and Alloys Turbine Engine Hot Section Technology Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar 674-25-04 W87-70351 533-0400 W87-70037 Medium. Molecular Clouds, Star Formation LIBRARIES LIPIDS 188-41-53 W87-70225 Oceanic Remote Sensing Library The Early Evolution of Life LUNARBASES 161-50-02 W87-70202 199-52-32 W87-70276 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology MPP Maintenance/Operations LIQUID AIR 506-41-00 W87-70052 656-13-25 W87-70322 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology System Analysis MPP Sohare (Systems and Applications) 505-61-00 W87-70005 506-49-00 W87-70090 656-20-26 W87-70325 LIQUID HELIUM System Analysis LIFE (DURABILITY) Information Sciences Research and Technology 506-49-00 W87-70097 Materials and Structures Research and technology 50645-00 W87-70075 Radiobiology 505-63-00 W87-70012 199-22-71 W87-70262 Turbine Engine Hot Section Technology LIQUID PROPELUNT ROCKET ENGINES Space Radiation Effects and Protection Advanced Earth-to-Orbit Systems Technology 533-04-00 W87-70037 199-22-76 W87-70263 525-02-00 W87-70102 Ceramics for Turbine Engines Lunar Base Controlled Ecological Life Support System 533-05-00 W87-70038 LITHIUM BORATES 199-61-11 W87-70280 LIFE CYCLE COSTS Glass Research LUNAR GEOLOGY Systems Analysis 674-26-04 W87-70355 Planetary Materials: Collection. Preservation. and 506-49-00 W87-70093 LITHIUM SULFATES Distribution Software Engineering Technology Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 152-20-40 W87-70157 310-10-23 W87-70411 50641-00 W87-70048 LUNAR ROCKS LIFE SCIENCES LITHOLOGY Planetary Materials: Isotope Studies Space Station Exercise Countermeasures Design Definition for a Planetary Thermal Infrared 152-15-40 W87-70154 199-11-1 1 W87-70243 Multispectral Scanner (PTIMS) Planetary Materials: Surface and Exposure Studies Advanced Technology Development - Future Life 838-59-80 W87-70406 152-17-40 W87-70155 Sciences Fliiht Experiments LITHOSPHERE Planetary Materials: Collection, Preservation. and 199-8042 W87-70288 Earth Structure and Geophysics Distribution ATD Near Term Flight Hardware Definition 676-30-05 W87-70363 152-20-40 W87-70157 199-80-92 W87-70289 LOADS (FORCES) Lunar Base Controlled Ecological Life Support System Space Station Life Sciences Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology 199-61-11 W87-70280 199-90-62 W87-70290 506-40-00 W87-70046 Life Sciences Education LONG DURATION SPACE FLIGHT 199-90-68 W87-70291 M Systems Analysis InterdisciplinaryResearch 506-49-00 W87-70092 199.90-71 W87-70292 MACHNUMBER LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS Longitudinal Studies (Medical Operations Longitudinal Advanced Turboprop Systems Studies) Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 535-03-00 W87-70041 506-41-00 W87-70052 199-11-21 W87-70244 Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Hematology. Immunology and Endocrinology 506-40-00 W87-70045 506-41-00 W87-70053 199-21-52 W87-70254 MAGMA InterdisciplinaryTechnology Bone Physiology GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional 506-90-00 W87-70099 199-22-32 W87-70257 Geodesy in the Caribbean Lunar Base Controlled Ecological Life Support System LONG TERM EFFECTS 676-59-31 W87-70369 199-61-11 W87-70280 Systems Analysis Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains Biwegeneratie Life Support Research (CELSS) 506-49-00 W87-70094 677-41-29 W87-70386 199-61-12 W87-70281 LOW COST MAGNETIC ANOMALIES Advanced Technology Development - Future Life Space Energy Conversion Research and technology Sources of Magnetic Anomaly Field 677-45-03 W67-70393 Sciences Fliiht Experiments 50641-00 W87-70049 Determination and Inversion of Crustal Magnetic 199-80.82 W87-70288 Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics Fields LIGHT (VISIBLE RADIATION) Experiments 677-45-06 W87-70394 Astrophysical CCD Development 445-11-36 W87-70304 MAGNETIC FIELD CONFIGURATIONS 188-78-60 W87-70233 Experiments Coordination and Mission Support LlQHT ELEMENTS Research in Solar Vector Magnetic Fields 646-4 1-01 W87-70310 Planetary Materials: Isotope Studies 188-38-52 W87-70220 152-15-40 W87-70154 Workstation Research and Development MAGNETIC FIELD INVERSIONS LIGHT GAS GUNS 656-42-01 W67-70328 Determination and Inversion of Crustal Magnetic NASA-Ames Research Center Vertical Gun Facility Communications Systems Research Fields 151-0260 W87-70142 310-30-71 W87-70427 677-45-06 W87-70394 LlQHT IONS LOW GRAVITY MANUFACTURING MAGNETIC FIELDS Space Plasma Data Analysis Biotechnology Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 442-20-01 W87-70294 674-23-08 W87-70348 50641-00 W87-70047 LIGHTNING Metals and Alloys GIOlTO. Magnetic Field Experiments Flight Systems Research and Technology 674-25-04 W87-70351 15603-05 W87-70177 505-68-00 W87-70022 Microgravity Science Research Laboratory Ground-Based Observations of the Sun Planetary Lightning and Analysis of Voyager 674-27-05 W87-70358 188-38-52 W87-70219 Observations LOW NOISE Data Analysis ~ Space Plasma Physics 154-90-80 W87-70168 X-ray Astronomy 442-2042 W87-70295 Early Atmosphere: Geochemistry and Photochemistry 188-4659 W87-70230 199-52-26 W87-70274 Astrophysical CCD Development Geopotential Fields (Magnetic) LINE SPECTRA 188-78-60 W87-70233 676-40-02 W87-70365 Infrared Laboratory Spectroscopy in Support of RF Components for Satellite Communications Geopotential Research Mission (GRM) Studies Stratospheric Measurements Systems 676-59-10 W87-70367 147-23-08 W87-70133 650-60-22 W87-70315 Advanced Magnetometer Laser Laboratory Spectroscopy LOW WEIGHT 676-59-75 W8 7- 70 3 7 3 147-23-09 W87-70134 Space Station Health Maintenance Facility Magnolia/Magnetic Field Explorer Millimeter/Submillimeter Laboratory Spectroscopy 199-11-31 W87-70245 676-59-80 W87-70374 147-23-10 W87-70135 LOWER ATMOSPHERE Continental Accretion Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar Atmospheric Dynamics and Radiation Science Support 677-43-23 W87-70390 Medium. Molecular Clouds, Star Formation 146-72-09 W87-70120 MAGNETIC FLUX 188-41-53 W87-70225 LOWER BODY NEGATIVE PRESSURE Structure and Evolution Solar Magnetic Fields Grwnd-Based Infrared Astronomy of Cardiovascular Research (JSC) 188-36-53 W87-70221 19641.50 W87-70237 199-21-11 W87-70251 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic LOWER CALIFORNIA (MEXICO) Solar Dynamics ObSeNatOry/Solar Oscillations Imager Planetary Detection Earth Structure and Geophysics 159-38-01 W67-70187 196-41-54 W87-70239 67630-05 W87-70363 Planetary Astronomy and Supporting Laboratory LOWER IONOSPHERE MAGNETIC SIGNATURES Research Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics Ground-Based Observations of the Sun 196-41-67 W87-70240 Experiments 188-38-52 W87-70219 Sounding Rocket Experiments 445-1133 W87-70304 Research in Solar Vector Magnetic Fields 879-11-38 W87-70407 LUBRICATION 188-36-52 W87-70220 Sounding Rocket Experiments (Astronomy) Materials and Structures Research and Technology Structure and Evolution of Solar Magnetic Fields 879-11-41 W87-70408 506-43-00 W87-70063 188-38-53 W87-70221 LINEAR PROGRAMMING LUMINESCENCE MAGNETIC SPECTROSCOPY System Analysis Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility 506-49-00 W87-70097 505-61-00 W87-7oO05 188-78-46 W87-70232 SUBJECT INDEX MASS

MAGNETIZATION MAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of Sources of Magnetic Anomaly Field Balloon-Borne Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer Forest Decline Damage 677-45-03 W87-70393 147-1147 W87-70124 677-21-25 W87-70377 Determination and Inversion of Crustal Magnetic MAN MACHINE SYSTEMS Determination and lnversbn of Crustal Magnetic Fields Human Factors Research and Technology Fields 677-45-06 W87-70394 506-4700 W87-70084 677-45-06 W87-70394 MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC FLOW InterdisciplinaryTechnology MARGINS Space Plasma Data Analysis 506-9000 W87-70101 Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice 442-20-01 W87-70294 Automation and Robotics Technology 161-40-02 W87-70198 Data Analysis - Space Plasma Physics 549-0100 W87-70105 MARINE BIOLOGY Automation and Robotics Technology 442-20-02 W87-70245 Fluorescence of Marine Plankton MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC STABILITY 549-01-00 W87-70107 161-30-05 W87-70197 Particle and ParticlelPhoton Interactions (Atmospheric Automation and Robotis Ocean Processes Branch Scientific Program Support Magnetosphwic Coupling) 549-0100 W87-70109 161-50-03 W87-70203 442-3646 W87-70301 Man-Machine Engineering Requirements for Data and MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS Functional Interfaces MARINE METEOROLOGY Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies Modeling Coronal Structure and Energetics 199-61-41 W87-70282 188-3841 W87-70217 Human-To-Machine Interface Technology 146-6642 W87-70112 Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar 31040-37 W87-70428 Experimental Cloud Analysis Techniques Medium. Molecular Clouds. Star Formation MANAGEMENT PLANNING 672-22-06 W87-70333 188-41-53 W87-70225 Workstation Research and Development MARINER MARK 2 SPACECRAFT

Magnetospheric Physics ~ Particles and ParticWField 856-4241 W87-70328 Mariner Mark II Imaging Interaction MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 157-03-08 W87-70180 442-36-55 W87-70299 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technolosy MARINER 9 SPACE PROBE MAGNETOMETERS 506-4140 W87-70052 Physical and Dynamical Models of the Climate on GIOlTO. Magnetic Field Experiments Human-To-Machine Interface Technology Mars 158-03-05 W87-70177 310-40-37 W87-70428 155-04-80 W87-70170 Research in Solar Vector Magnetii Fmlds Systems Engineering and Management Technology MARITIME SATELLITES 188-38-52 W87-70220 310-40-49 W87-70432 Advanced Studies SuperconductingGradty Gradiometer MANEUVERABILITY 643-10-05 W87-70308 676-59-33 W87-70371 Flight Systems Research and Technology MARS (PLANET) Advanced Magnetometer 505-68-00 W87-70022 Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes 676-59-75 W87-70373 MANIPULATORS 151-02-64 W87-70145 MagnolialMagneti Field Explorer Automation and Robotics Technology Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology 676-59-80 W87-70374 549-01-00 W87-70107 152-12-40 W87-70149 MAGNETOPUSMADYNAMICS Automation and Robotics Planetary Materials: Chemistry Propulsion Research and Technology 549-01-00 W87-70109 152-13-40 W87-70151 506-4200 W87-70054 MANNED MANEUVERING UNITS Dynamics of Planetav Atmospheres MAGNETOSPHERE Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 154-20-80 W87-70160 Planetary Magnetospheric Goupling 506-46-00 W87-70082 Planetary Clouds Particulates and Ices 154-90-80 W87-70169 MANNED SPACE FLIGHT 154-30-80 W87-70161 GIOlTO, Magnetic Field Experiments Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Multi-Dimensional Model Studies of the Mars 156-0345 W87-70177 506-4100 W87-70052 Ionosphere Optical Astronomy Human Factm Research and Technology 154-0040 W87-70167 196-41-71 W87-70242 506-47-00 W87-70083 Mars Exobiology Research Consortium Atmosphere-IonosphM~netosphereInteractions Radiobiology 155-20-80 W87-70172 442-20-01 W87-70293 199-22-71 W87-70262 Developmentof Dual Frequency and Multispectral Radar Space Plasma Data Analysis Space Radiation Effects and Protection MapperlSounder 442-20-01 W87-70294 199-22-76 W87-70263 838-59-04 W87-70403 Data Analysis - Space Plasma Physics InterdisciplinaryResearch MARS ATMOSPHERE 442-20-02 W87-70295 199-90-71 W87-70292 Planetary Clouds Particulates and Ices Energetic Particles and Plasmas in the Magnetospheres MANNEDSPACECRAFT 154-30-80 W87-70161 of Jupiter and Saturn Spacecraft Environmental Factors Multi-Dimensional Model Studies of the Mars 442-20-04 W87-70296 199-13-41 W87-70250 Ionosphere Particles and ParticlelField Interactions Man-Machine Engineering Requirements for Data and 154-60-80 W87-70167 442-36-55 W87-70297 Functional Interfaces Physical and Dynamical Models of the Climate on Space Plasma SRT 199-61-41 W87-70282 Mars 442-36-55 W87-70298 MANPOWER 155-04-80 W87-70170 Quantitative Modelling of the Automation and Robotics Technology MARS CRATERS Magnetosphere/lonosphere Interaction Including Neutral 549-01-00 W87-70106 Mars Geology: Crustal Dichotomy and Crustal Winds International Halley Watch Evolution 442-36-55 W87-70300 156-02-02 W87-70173 151-02-50 W87-70141 Particle and Particle/Photon Interactions (Atmospheric Consulting and Program Support MARS ENVIRONMENT MagnetoSpheric Coupling) 674-29-08 W87-70362 Physical and Dynamical Models of the Climate on 442-36-56 W87-70301 Network Systems Technology Development Mars ParticleAccelerator Facility: Maintenanceand Operation 310-20-33 W87-70417 155-04-80 W87-70170 of a Calibration Facility for Magnetospheric and MANUAL CONTROL MARS PROBES Solar-Terrestrial Experiments High-PerformanceFlight Research Multi-Dimensional Model Studies of the Mars 442-36-57 W87-70302 533-02-00 W87.70036 Ionosphere Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics MAPPING 154-60-80 W87-70167 Experiments Airbwne Rain Mapping Radar System Mars Exobiology Research Consortium 445-11-36 W87-70304 146-66-05 W87-70113 155-20-80 W87-70172 MAGSAT SATELLITES Atmospheric Parameter Mapping Advanced Transmitted Systems Development Geopotential Fields (Magnetic) 146-72-08 W87-70119 310-20-64 W87-70421 676-40-02 W87-70365 Gravity Field and Geoid MARS SURFACE Magnolia/Magnetic Field Explorer 676-40-10 W87-70366 Planetary geology 676-59-80 W87-70374 Forest Biomass 151-01-20 W87-70139 MAINTAINABILITY 677-21-05 W87-70375 Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets General AviationlCommuter Engine Technology Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 151-01-60 W87-70140 535-05-00 W87-70043 677-21-32 W87-70379 Mars Geology: Crustal Dichotomy and Crustal Network Signal Processing Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains Evolutii 310-30-70 W87-70426 677-41-29 W87-70386 151-02-50 W87-70141 MAINTENANCE Tectonics of Western Basin and Range Theoretical Studies of Planetary Bodies Information Sciences Research and Technology 677-43-21 W87-70388 15142-61 W87-70143 505-65-00 W87-70013 Landforms in Polar Regions Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets Space Data and Communications Research and 677-43-22 W87-70389 151-02-63 W87-70144 Technology IR Mapper Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes 506-4400 W87-70071 838-59-06 W87-70404 151 -02-64 W87-70145 Information Sciences Research and Technology MAPS Mars Exobiology Research Consortium 506-45-00 W87-70077 Atmospheric Parameter Mapping 155-20-80 W87-70172 NASA Climate Data System 146-72-06 W87-70119 MASERS 656-31-05 W87-70327 Mars Geology: Crustal Dichotomy and Crustal Radio Systems Development Image Processing Capability Upgrade Evolution 310-2066 W87-70423 677-80-22 W87-70397 151-02-50 W87-70141 MASS Antenna Systems Development Biogeochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems Satellite Monitoring of Air Pollution 310-20-65 W87-70422 199-30-72 W87-70267 176-1 0-04 W87-70212

1-27

! MASS DISTRIBUTION SUBJECT INDEX

MASS DISTRIBUTION Climate Modeling with Emphasis on Aerosols and METALLIZING GIOTTO DlDSY Co-InvestigatorSupport Clouds Information Sciences Research and Technology I 156-0347 W87-70178 672-3242 W87-70337 506-45-00 W87-70076 Water Resources Cycliq (ISLSCP) Chemistry of Stratosphere METALLOGRAPHY 677-22-28 W87-70384 673-62-04 W87-70342 Metals and Alloys MASS FLOW Combustion Science 674-25-04 W87-70351 Lunar Base Controlled Ecological Life Support System 674-22-05 W87-70346 METALS Metals and Alloys 199-61-1 1 W87-70280 Fluid Dynamics and Transport Phenomena 674-25-08 W87-70353 MASS SPECTRA 674-24-05 W87-70349 GIOlTO PIA Co-Investigator Support Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of Glass Research 156-03-04 W87-70176 Forest Decline Damage 674-26-04 W87-70355 MASS SPECTROMETERS 677-21-25 W87-70377 Planetary Matenals: Geochronology Geopotential Fields (Magnetic) METEORITES 152-14-40 W87-70153 676-40-02 W87-70365 Planetary Materials: Mineralogy and Petrology GIOTTO . Ion Mass Spectrometer, Co-Investigator Geopotential Research Mission (GRM) Studies 152-11-40 W87-70148 support 676-59-10 W87-70367 Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology 156-0343 W87-70175 BiogeochemicalCycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems 152-12-40 W87-70149 Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization 677-21-35 W87-70381 Planetary Materials: Chemistry Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote Remote Sensing Science Program 152-13-40 W87-70151 Planetary Analyses 677-24-01 W87-70385 Planetary Materials-CarbonaceousMeteorites 152-13-80 W87-70152 157-03-40 W87-70181 Continental Accretion Space Plasma SRT 677-43-23 W87-70390 Planetary Materials: Isotope Studies 152-15-40 W87-70154 442-36-55 W87-70298 Sources of Magnetic Anomaly Field Planetary Materials: Surface and Exposure Studies MASS SPECTROSCOPY 677-45-03 W87-70393 Planetary Materials: lsolope Studies 152-17-40 W87-70155 Determination and Inversion of Crustal Magnetic 152-1 5-40 W87-70154 Planetary Materials: Collection. Preservation. and Fields Distribution MASS TRANSFER 877-4546 W87-70394 Data Analysis - Space Plasma Physics 152-20-40 W87-70157 442-20-02 W87-70295 New Techniques for Quantitative Analysis of SAR Characteristics of Volatiles in Interplanetary Dust Analysis of Troposphere-StratosphereExchange Images Particles 673-42-01 W87-70339 677-46-02 W87-70395 199-52-31 W87-70275 Mesospheric Theory X-ray Astronomy Solar System Exploration 673-61-02 W87-70340 879-31-46 W87-70410 199-52-52 W87-70278 MATERIALS SCIENCE Software Engineering Technology Data Analysis - Exobiology in Solar System Fluid Dynamics and Transport Phenomena 310-10-23 W87-70411 Exploration 674-24-05 W87-70349 Flight Dynamics Technology 199-70-22 W87-70284 MATHEMATICAL MODELS 310-10-26 W87-70412 METEOROID HAZARDS Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Antenna Systems Development Materiels and Structures Research and Technology 505-60-00 W87-70003 31 0-20-65 W87-70422 506-43-00 W87-70064 Information Sciences Research and Technology MATRIX MATERIALS METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS 505-65-00 W87-70015 Materials and Structures Research and Technology Meteorological Parameters Extraction Turbine Engine Hot Section Technology 505-63-00 W87-70010 146-66-01 W87-70111 533-04-00 W87-70037 MEASUREMENT Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - 146-66-02 W87-70112 506-40-00 W87-70045 Measurements Techniques Microwave Pressure Sounder Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 677-92-23 W87-70400 146-72-01 W87-70114 506-41-00 W87-70050 MEASURING INSTRUMENTS AMSU Research Studies Propulsion Research and Technology Atmospheric Backscatter Experiment 146-7245 W87-70118 506-42-00 W87-70055 146-72-11 W87-70122 Atmospheric Parameter Mapping Materials and Structures Research and Technology Particles and ParticlelField Interactions 146-72-06 W87-70119 506-4340 W87-70064 442-36-55 W8 7- 70 2 9 7 Atmospheric Backscaner Experiment Human Factors Research and Technology Aerosol and Gas Measurements Addressing Aerosol 146-72-11 W87-70122 506-47-00 W87-70084 Climatic Effects Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - Space Flight Research and Technology 672-21-99 W87-70332 Retrospective Studies 506-48-00 W87-70087 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 677-92-22 W87-70399 Systems Analysis Materials and Structures Research and technology Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - 506-49-00 W87-70091 505-63-00 W87-70012 Measurements Techniques Microwave Pressure Sounder MECHANIZATION 6 77.9 2.2 3 W87-70400 146-72-01 W87-70114 Systems Analysis Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - Global Gas Correlation Wind Sensor 506-49-00 W87-70091 Simulations 147-18-02 W87-70129 Systems Analysis 677-92-24 W87-70401 Theoretical Studies of Planetary Bodies 506-4940 W8 7- 700 92 METEOROLOGY 151-02-61 W87-70143 MEDIA Microwave Pressure Sounder Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes NASA Ocean Data System (NODS) 148-72-01 W87-70114 151-02-64 W87-70145 181-40-1 0 W87-70200 Microwave Temperature Profiler for the EA-2 Aircraft Formation, Evolution, and Stability of Protostellar MEDICAL SCIENCE for Support of the StratosphericITropospheric Exchange Disks Space Station Health Maintenance Facility Project 15142-65 W87-70146 199-11-31 W87-70245 147-14-07 W87-70127 Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology MELTS (CRYSTAL GROWTH) 152-12-40 W87-70149 Electronic and Optical Materials Planetary Lightning and Analysis of Voyager Planetary Atmospheric Composition. Structure, and 674-21-08 W87-70345 Observations 154-90-80 W87-70168 History Metals and Alloys 154-10-80 W87-70159 674-25-04 W87-70351 Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling Aeronomy Theory and AnalysisIComet Models Metals and Alloys 176-40-14 W87-70215 154-60-80 W87-70166 674-25-05 W87-70352 Polar Motion and Earth Models Multi-Dimensional Model Studies of the Mars Metals and Alloys 678-3044 W87-70364 Ionosphere 674-25-08 W87-70353 IR Mapper 154-60-80 W87-70167 MESOSCALE PHENOMENA 838-59-06 W87-70404 Solar Dynamics ObsewatorylSolar Oscillations Imager Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies METHANE 159-38-01 W87-70187 146-66-02 W87-70112 Kinetic Studies of Tropospheric Free Radicals TheoreticalINumericaIStudy of the Dynamics of Ocean MESOSPHERE 178-30-01 W87-70214 Waves Gas Correlation Wind Sensor Chemistry of Stratosphere 161-80-37 W87-70206 147-18-02 W87-70129 673-62-04 W87-70342 Modeling Coronal Structure and Energetics Atmosphere-Ionosphere-MagnetosphereInteractions Biogeochemical Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems 188-3841 W87-70217 442-20-01 W87-70293 677-21-35 W87-70381 Research in Astrophysics: Solar System, Turbulence Mesospheric Theory 188.80-02 W87-70235 673-61-02 W87-70340 MEXICO I Medical Information Management System (MIMS) METABOLISM GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional (Computer Aided Diagnostic with Mathematical Model) Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology, Geodesy in the Caribbean 199-70-33 W87-70285 Endocrinology, and Nutrition) 676-59-31 W87-70369 Space Plasma Data Analysis 199-21-51 W87-70253 MICHELSON INTERFEROMETERS 442-20-01 W87-70294 Biological Adaptation Ground-Based Infrared Astronomy Quantitative Modelling Of the 199-40-32 W87-70271 196-41-50 W87-70237 Magnetospherellonosphere Interaction Including Neutral METALLIC GLASSES MICROBIOLOGY Winds Metals and Alloys Spacecraft Environmental Factors 442-36-55 W87-70300 674-25-04 W87-70351 199-13-41 W87-70250

1-28 SUBJECT INDEX MOMENTUM TRANSFER

MICROCHANNEL PLATES MICROWAVE SPECTRA MODEMS Ultraviolet Detector Development Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Asteroids Mobile Communications Technology Development 188-41-24 W87-70224 using the VLA 650-60-15 W87.70312 MICROCOMPUTERS 196-41-51 W87-70238 Satellite Switching and Processing Systems Atmospheric Parameter Mapping MICROWAVES 650-60-21 W87-70314 146-7206 W87-70119 Propulsion Research and Technology Network Communications Technology 506-42-00 W87-70054 310-20-38 W07-70416 Medical Information Management System (MIMS) MODULATION (Computer AiDhagnostic with Mathematical Model) Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment 199-70-33 W87-70285 146-72-04 W87-70117 Satellie Switching and Processing Systems Examination of Chukchi Air-Sea-Ice Processes 650-60-21 W87-70314 Workstation Research and Development 16140-30 W87-70201 Communications Systems Research 656-42-01 W87-70328 MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE 310-30-71 W87-70427 Advanced Systems Architecture Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics MODULES 65644-10 W87-70329 Experiments Ultraviolet Detector Development MICROCRAVITV APPLICATIONS 445-1 1-36 W87-70304 188-41-24 W87-70224 Mirogravity Sciice and Applications Program MILLIMETER WAVES Developmentof DualFrequency and Multispectral Radar Support Space Data and Communications Research and Mapper/Swnder 674-29-04 W87-70361 Technology 638-5944 W87-70403 MICROMETERS 506-44-00 W87-70065 MOISTURE Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic MillimeterlSubmillimeter Laboratory Spectroscopy Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of Planetary Detection 147-23-10 W87-70135 Forest Decline Damage 196-41-54 W87-70239 Laser Ranging Development Study 677-21-25 W87-70377 MICROORGANISMS 676-59-32 W67-70370 Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) The Early Evolution of Life MINERALOGY 677-22-28 W87-70384 199-52-32 W87-70276 Planetary Materials: Mineralogy and Petrology MOLECULAR CLOUDS MICROPARTICLES 152-11-40 W87-70148 Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar GIOlTO PIA Co-Investigator Support Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology Medium. Molecular Clouds, Star Formation 156-03-04 W87-70176 152-12-40 W87-70149 188-41-53 W87-70225 MICROSTRUCTURE Planetary Materials-Carbonaceous Meteorites Laboratory Study of Chemical and Physical Properti Materials and Structures Research and technology 152-1360 W87-70152 of Interstellar PAHs ' 505-63-00 W87-70012 Mars Exobiology Research Consortium 188-4167 W87-70228 Materials and Structures Research and Technology 155-2080 W87-70172 Center for Star Formation Studies 506-43-00 W87-70063 GlOlTO PIA Co-Investigator Support 188-48-52 W87-70231 Metals and Alloys 156-03-04 W67-70176 Research in Astrophysics: Solar System, Turbulence 674-25-05 W87-70352 Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains 18880-02 W87-70235 MICROWAVE AMPLIFIERS 877-41-29 W87-70386 Ground-Based Infrared Astronomy Space Data and Communications Research and Swrces of Magnetic Anomaly Field 196-41-50 W87-70237 Technology 677-45-03 W87-70393 MOLECULAR COLLISIONS 506-4440 W87-70069 Design Definition for a Planetary Thermal lnhared Theoretical Studies and Calculation of Radio Systems Development Multispectral Scanner (PTIMS) Electron-MoleculeCollision Processes Relevant to Space 310-20-66 W87-70423 836-5940 W87-70406 Plasma Physics MICROWAVE CIRCUITS MINIATURIZATION 442-3668 W87-70303 Space Communications Systems Antenna Technology Planetary Instrument Development ProgramlPlanetary MOLECULAR EXCITATION 650-60-20 W87-70313 Astronomy Theoretical Studies and Calculation of MICROWAVE FREOUENCIES 157-05-50 W87-70186 Electron-MoleculeCollision Processes Relevant to space Arid Lands Geobotany MINICOMPUTERS Plasma Physics 677-42-09 W87-70387 Advanced Systems Architecture 442-36-58 W87-70303 MICROWAVE HOLOGRAPHY 65644-10 W87-70329 MOLECULAR GASES Antenna Systems Development MIRRORS Gas Correlation Wind Sensor 310.20-65 W87-70422 A Study of the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) for 147-18-02 W87-70129 MICROWAVE OSCILLATORS Astronomy Applications Atomic and Molecular Propertm of Planetary Information SCiances Research and Technology 159-41-01 W87-70189 Atmospheric Constituents 506-45-00 W87-70076 Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) 154-5040 W87-70164 MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS 159-46-01 W87-70192 MOLECULAR SPECTRA AMSU Research Studies Optical Technology for Space Astronomy Infrared Laboratory Spectroscopy in Support of 146-72-05 W87-70118 188-41-23 W87-70223 Stratospheric Measurements Microwave Temperature Profiler for the EA-2 Aircrafl MISSILES 147-2346 W87-70133 for Support of the StratosphericlTroposphericExchange Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Laser Laboratory Spectroscopy Project 505-60-00 W87-7ooo3 147-23-09 W87-70134 147-14-07 W87-70127 MISSION PLANNING MillimeterlSubmillimeter Laboratory Spectroscopy Remote Sensing of Air-Sea Fluxes Systems Analysis 147-23-10 W87-70135 161-80-15 W87-70205 506-49-00 W87-70091 Atomic and Molecular Properties of Planetary Satellite Measurement of Land Surface Parameters for Systems Analysis Atmospheric Constituents Climate Studies 506-49-00 W87-70096 154-50-80 W67-70164 677-21-36 W87-70382 Planetary Astronomy and Supporting Laboratory Gravity Probe-E Research Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) 188-7862 W87-70234 677-22-28 W87-70384 196-41-67 W87-70240 Radiobiology Program Development (GSFC) MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 199-22-71 W87-70262 677-80-60 W87-70398 Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures MICROWAVE SCAlTERINQ Data Analysis - Exobiology in Solar System 154-40-80 W67-70163 Advanced Scatterometry Exploration MOLECULAR STRUCTURE 161-10-08 W87-70193 199-70-22 W87-70284 A Laboratory Investigation of the Formation, Properties Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice Geopotential Fields (Magnetic) and Evolution of Presolar Grains 161-40-02 W87-70190 676-40-02 W87-70365 152-12-40 W87-70150 Effects of a Large-Scale Wave-Field Component on Sounding Rocket (Spartan) Experiments (High Energy MOLECULES Scatterometer-DerivedWinds Astrophysics) Materials and Structures Research and Technology 161-80-41 W87-70209 879-1 1-46 W87-70409 506-43.00 W87-70062 MICROWAVE SENSORS Earth Orbiter Tracking System Development Atmospheric Photochemistry Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Asteroids 310-10-61 W87-70414 147-22-02 W87-70132 Infrared Laboratory Spectroscopy in Support of Using the VIA Space Systems and Navigation Technology 196-41-51 W87-70238 310-10-63 W67-70416 Stratospheric Measurements 147-23-08 W87-70133 MICROWAVE SOUNDING MIXING Meteorological Parameters Extraction Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer 157-04-80 W87-70185 146-6641 W87-70111 157-04-60 W67-70185 Microwave Pressure Sounder Planetary Astronomy and Supporting Laboratory MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 146-72-01 W87-70114 Research Mobile Communications Technology Devwment Tropospheric Temperature Sounder 196-4167 W87-70240 650-60-15 W87-70312 146-7242 W87-70115 Prebiotic Evolution AMSU Research Studies MODELS 199.52-22 W67-70273 146-72-05 W87-70118 Glass Research Extensions and Testing of the Hydrologic Balloon Microwave Limb Sounder (BMLS) Stratospherk 674-2604 W87-70355 Parameterizationin the GlSS Atmospheric GCM Measurements Topographic Profile Analysis 672-31-12 W07-70336 147-12-06 W87-70125 677-43-24 W87-70391 MOMENTUM TRANSFER Satellite Measurement of Land Surface Parameters for Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - Formation. Evolution. and Stability of Protostellar Climate Studies Measurements Techniques Disks 677-21-36 W87-70382 677-92-23 W87-70400 151-02-65 W87-70146 1-29 MONITORS SUBJECT INDEX

MONITORS Bone Physiology NERVOUS SYSTEM DSN Monitor and Control Technology 199-22-32 W67-70257 Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) 310-30-68 W87-70425 Muscle Physiology 199-22-92 W87-70264 MONTANA 199-22-42 W87-70259 NETWORK CONTROL Forest Evapotranspirationand Production Communications Laboratory for Transponder 677-21-31 W87-70378 Development MOON N 650-60-23 W87-70316 Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology NEUROLOGY 152-12-40 W87-70149 NAP-OF-THE-EARTH NAVIGATION Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) Planetary Materials: Chemistry Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 199-22-92 W87-70264 152-1 3-40 W67-70151 505-66-00 W87-70018 NEUROPHYSIOLOGY Definition and Development 01 a Thermal Ionization NASA PROGRAMS Neurophysiology Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote Space Data and Communications Research and 199-22-22 W87-70255 Planetary Analyses Technology NEUROTRANSMllTERS 157-03-40 W67-70181 506-44-00 W87-70067 Endocrinology end Physiological Control (Hematology. Lunar Base Controlled Ecological Life Support System Information Sciences Research and Technology Endocrinology. and Nutrition) 199-61-11 W87-70280 506-45-00 W67-70074 199-21-51 W67-70253 MORPHOLOGY Information Sciences Research and Technology NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERES Ring Dynamics and Morphology 506-45-00 W87-70077 Quantitative Modelling Of the 151-02-67 W87-70147 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Magnetospherellonosphere Interaction Including Neutral A Laboratory Investigation of the Formation. Properties 506-46-00 W67-70082 Winds and Evolution of Presolar Grains Human Factors Research and Technology 442-36-55 W67-70300 152-12-40 W87-70150 506-47-00 W87-70084 Particle and ParticlelPhoton Interactions (Atmospheric Electronic and Optical Materials Systems Analysis Magnetospheric Coupling) 674-2106 W87-70345 506-49-00 W87-70091 442-36-56 W87-70301 Terrestrial Ecosystems InterdisciplinaryTechnology NEUTRAL GASES 677-21-24 W87-70376 506-90-00 W87-70098 Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics Tectonics of Westam Basin and Range InterdisciplinaryTechnology Experiments 677-43-21 W67-70388 506-90-00 W87-70099 445-1 1-36 W87-70304 Landforms in Polar Regions InterdisciplinaryTechnology NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS 677-43-22 W87-70369 506-90-00 W67-70100 Planetary Materials: Chemistry

MOSAICS ~ General Operations and Laboratory Facilities- Planetary 152-13-40 W87-70151 Ultraviolet Detector Development Materials NEUTRONS 166-41-24 W87-70224 152-30-40 W67-70158 X-Gamma Neutron Gamma/lnStNment Definition MOTION SICKNESS Ground-Based ObSeNatiOnS Of the Sun 157-03-50 W67-70182 Space Adaptation Syndrome 188-38-52 W87-70219 NEW HAMPSHIRE 199-12-51 W87-70248 Research in Solar Vector Magnetic Fields Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of Neurophysiology 188-3862 W87-70220 Forest Decline Damage 199-22-22 W87-70255 Radiobiology 677-21-25 W87-70377 Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) 199-22-71 W67-70262 NICKEL ALLOYS 199-22-92 W87-70264 Advanced Studies Metals and Alloys Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) 643-10-05 W87-70308 674-25-05 W87-70352 199-60-32 W87-70286 Advanced Studies NIMBUS SATELLITES MSAT 650-60-26 W67-70317 Remote Sensing of Air-Sea Fluxes Advanced Studies Geology Program Support 181-60-15 W87-70205 643-10-05 W87-70308 677-60-19 W87-70396 Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) MTBF X-ray Astronomy 677-22-28 W67-70384 Radio Systems Development 879-31-46 W87-70410 NIMBUS 7 SATELLITE 310-20-66 W87-70423 NASA SPACE PROGRAMS Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) MULTIBEAM ANTENNAS Space Flight Research and Technology 677-22-28 W87-70384 Space Data and Communications Research and 506-46-00 W87-70086 NITROGEN Technology NASCOM NETWORK Planetary Materials: Isotope Studies 506-44-00 W67-70065 Network Communications Technology 152-15-40 W87-70154 Space Data and Communications Research and 310-20-38 W87-70416 Biogeochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems Technology NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM 199-30-72 W87-70287 506-44-00 W87-70069 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Early Atmosphere: Geochemistry and Photochemistry MULTICHANNEL COMMUNICATION 505-66-00 W87-70016 199-52-26 W87-70274 Satellite Switching and Processing Systems NATURAL LANGUAGE (COMPUTERS) Theoretical Studies and Calculation of 650-60-21 W87-70314 Information Sciences Research and Technology Electron-MoleculeCollision Processes Relevant to Space MULTIPLE ACCESS 506-45-00 W67-70075 Plasma Physics Mobile Communications Technology Development NATURAL SATELLITES 442-36-58 W87-70303 650-60-15 W67-70312 Theoretical Studies of Planetary Bodies NITROGEN OXIDES MULTIPLEXING 151-02-61 W87-70143 Gas Correlation Wind Sensor Network Communications Technology Optical Astronomy 147-18-02 W87-70129 310-20-38 W87-70416 196-41-71 W67-70242 NITROUS OXIDES MULTISENSOR APPLICATIONS Solar System Exploration Tropical Ecosystem Research Multi-Sensor Balloon Measurements 199-52-52 W87-70276 199-30-62 W87-70266 147-16-01 W87-70128 NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION NOMSATELLITES MULTISPECTRAL BAND SCANNERS Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Atmospheric Parameter Mapping Terrestrial Ecosystems 505-60-00 W87-70001 146-72-06 W87-70119 677-21-24 W67-70376 Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains 505-60-00 W87-70003 161-60-40 W87-70208 677-41-29 W87-70366 Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology NOISE (SOUND) Design Definition for a Planetary Thermal Infrared 506-40-00 W67-70046 Vibroacouslic HabitabilitylProductivity Multispectral Scanner (PTIMS) NAVIGATION 199-13-40 W87-70249 638-59-80 W67-70406 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology NOISE MEASUREMENT MULTISPECTRAL RADAR 506-46-00 W67-70079 Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures Development 01 Duel Frequency and MultispectralRadar Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 154-40-80 W87-70163 MapperlSounder 506-46-00 W67-70082 NOISE PREDICTION 836-59-04 W87-70403 Planetary Data System and Coordination Advanced Rotorcraft Technology MUSCLES 155-20-70 W87-70171 532-06-00 W87-70033 Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology, NAVIGATION AIDS Advanced Turboprop Systems Endocrinology, and Nutrition) Radio Metric Technology Development 535-03-00 W87-70040 199-21-51 W8 7 - 70 2 5 3 310-1 0-60 W87-70413 NOISE REDUCTION Bone Physiology NEAR INFRARED RADIATION Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 199-22-31 W87-70256 Information Sciences Research and Technology 505-61-00 W87-70004 Muscle Physiology 506-45-00 W67-70073 Ground-Based Infrared Astronomy 199-22-42 W87-70259 NEBULAE 196-41-50 W87-70237 Muscle Physiology Optical Astronomy Advanced Space Systems for Users of NASA 199-22-44 W87-70260 196-41-71 W67-70242 Networks MUSCULOSKELETALSYSTEM NEODYMIUM LASERS 310-20-46 W67-70420 Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology. Program Development (GSFC) Communications Systems Research Endocrinology, and Nutrition) 677-80-80 W87-70396 310-30-71 W87-70427 199-21-51 W67-70253 NEPHELOMETERS NOISE TEMPERATURE Bone Physiology Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer Antenna Systems Development 199-22-31 W87-70256 157-04-80 W67-70185 310-2065 W67-70422

1-30 SUBJECT INDEX OPTICAL EQUIPMENT

NOMENCLATURES OBSERVATORIES OILS Planetary Data System Structure and Evolution of Solar Magnetic Fields Planetary geology 656-80-01 W87-70331 188-38-53 W87-70221 151-01-20 W87-70139 NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTS Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic ON-LINE SYSTEMS Materials and Structures Research and Technology Planetary Detection Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 50643-00 W87-70063 196-41-54 W87-70239 506-4640 W87-70079 NONEQUlLlBRlUMPLASMAS OCEAN BOTTOM NASA Ocean Data System (NODS) GPS Positionina of a Marine Buov lor Plate Motion GIOTTO ~ Ion Mass Spectrometer. Co-Investigator 16140-1 0 W87-70200 support Studies Oceanic Remote Sensing Library 156-03-03 W87-70175 676-59-45 W87-70372 161-50-02 W87-70202 NONLINEARITY Multisoectral Analvsis of Ultramafic Tenains 677-41-29 W87-70386 NASA Climate Data System TheoreticaVNumericalStudy of the Dynamics of Ocean 656-31-05 W87-70327 Waves OCEANCURRENTS Currents/Tides from Altimetry Radio Metric Technology Development 161-80-37 W87-70206 310-10-60 W87-70413 NORTH AMERICA 161-20-07 W87-70194 Ocean Productivity ONBOARD DATA PROCESSING Continental Accretion Space Data Communications Research and 677-43-23 W87-70390 161-30-02 W87-70195 and Technology NORTHWEST TERRITORIES Ocean Circulation and Satellite Altimetry 161-80-38 W87-70207 506-44-00 W87-70066 Landforms in Polar Regions 677-43-22 W87-70389 Space Oceanography Space Data and Communications Research and 16180-43 NOZZLE DESIGN W87-70211 Technology Propulsion Research and Technology OCEAN DYNAMICS 506-4440 W87-70067 Ocean Processes Branch Scientific Program Support 5064200 W87-70055 HlRlS Data Processor NUCLEAR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION 161-50-03 W87-70203 656-62-02 W87-70330 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Effects of a Large-Scale Wave-Field Component on Flight Dynamics Technology Scanerometer-DerivedWinds 506-41-00 W87-70051 310-10-26 W87-70412 161-80-41 W87-70209 NUCLEAR FISSION Advanced Space Systems for Users of NASA Propulsion Research and Technology OCEAN MODELS Networks TheoreticaVNumericalStudy of the Dynamics of Ocean 506-4240 W87-70054 310-20-46 W87-70420 NUCLEAR FUSION Waves W 87-7020 6 161-80-37 W87-70206 ONBOARD EQUIPMENT Planetary Materials: Isotope Studies Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature Gravity Field and Geoid 152-15-40 W87-70154 161-80-40 W87-70208 676-40-10 W87-70366 Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility OPACITY 186-7846 W87-70232 OCEANSURFACE Meteorological Parameters Extraction Planetary Atmospheric Composition, Structure. and Cosmic Evolution of Biogenic Compounds History 199-52-12 W87-70272 14666-01 W87-70111 IR Remote Sensing of SST 154-10-80 W87-70159 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres Bone Loss 146-72-03 W87-70116 IR Remote Sensing of SST 154-20-80 W87-70160 199-22-34 W87-70258 Muscle Physiology 161-30-03 W87-70196 OPERATING COSTS Fluorescenceof Marine Plankton 199-22-42 W87-70259 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Muscle Physiology 161-3045 W87-70197 506-4600 W87-70081 Imaging Radar Studies Sea Ice 199-22-44 W87-70260 of General Operations and Laboratory Facilities- Planetary NUCLEATION 161-40-02 W87-70198 Materials Remote Sensing of Air-Sea Fluxes Metals and Alloys 152-30-40 W87-70158 161-80-15 W87-70205 674-25-04 W87-70351 Radio Systems Development Theorelical/NumericaI Study of the Dynamics of Ocean Metals and Alloys 310-20-66 W87-70423 674-2540 W87-70353 Waves OPERATING SYSTEMS (COMPUTERS) Glass Research 161-80-37 W87-70206 Information Sciences Research and Technology 674-26-04 W87-70355 Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature 505-65-00 W87-70014 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS 161-80-40 W87-70208 Space Data and Communications Research and Aerothermcdynamics Research and Technology Effects of a Large-Scale Wave-Field Component on Technology 506-4000 W87-70046 Scanerometer-DerivedWinds 506-44-00 W87-70071 Meteorological Parameters Extraction 161-80-41 W87-70209 OPERATIONS GPS Positioning of a Marine Buoy lor Plate Motion 146-66-01 W87-70111 Expert Systems for Automation of Operations AMSU Research Studies Studies 310-40-44 W87-70429 146-72-05 W87-70118 676-59-45 W67-70372 OPERATIONS RESEARCH Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures OCEANTEMPERATURE Systems Analysis 154-40-80 W87-70163 Meteorological Parameters Extraction 506-49-00 W87-70096 146-66-01 W87-70111 Research in Astrophysics: Solar System, Turbulence InterdisciplinaryTechnology 188-80-02 W87-70235 OCEANOORAPHIC PARAMETERS 506-90-00 W87-70098 Fluid Cynamics and Transport Phenomena DetaiIedNjoku OPERATOR PERFORMANCE 674-24-05 W67-70349 161-40-03 W87-70199 Expert Systems for Automation of Operations Polar Motion and Earth Models NASA Ocean Data System (NODS) 31 0-40-44 W87-70429 161-40-10 W87-70200 676-30-44 W87-70364 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION NUMERICAL WEATHER FORECASTING Oceanic Remote Sensing Library Space Data and Communications Research and 161-50-02 W87-70202 Meteorological Parameters Extraction Techwkgy 146-8601 W87-70111 OCEANOGRAPHY 506-44-00 W87-70065 Tropospheric Temperature Sounder Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies Space Data and Communications Research and 146-72-02 W87-70115 146-6602 W87-70112 Technology DetaileelNjoku 506-44-00 W87-70066 161-40-03 W87-70199 ACTSlLaser Communications Experiment: Laser 0 NASA Ocean Data System (NODS) Intersatellite Communications Proof-of-Concept (POC) 161-40-10 W87-70200 Development OBLIQUE WINGS Oceanic Remote Sensing Library 650-60-26 W87-70318 Oblique Wing Technology 161-50-02 W87-70202 Optical Communication Technology Development 533-oMx) W87-70039 Ocean Processes Branch Scientific Program Support 310-20-67 W87-70424 OBSERVATION 161-50-03 W87-70203 OPTICAL DATA PROCESSING Planetary Lightning and Analysis of Voyager Space Oceanography Space Data and Communications Research and Observations 161-80-43 W87-70211 Technology W87-70070 154-90-80 W87-70168 GPS Positioning of a Marine Buoy for Plate Motion 506-44-00 Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling Studies OPTICAL DISKS 154-90-80 W87-70169 676-59-45 W87-70372 Planetary Data System International Halley Watch Forest Dynamics 656-80-01 W87-70331 156-02-02 W87-70173 677-21-40 W87-70383 Data Processing Technology Planetary Instrument Development Program/Planetary Topographic Profile Analysis 310-40-46 W87-70431 Astronomy 677-43-24 W87-70391 OPTICAL EQUIPMENT 157-05-50 W87-70186 OCEANS A Study of the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) for Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling Meteorological Parameters Extraction Astronomy Applications 176-40-1 4 W87-70215 146-66-01 W87-70111 159-41-01 W87-70169 Ground-Based Observations of the Sun Ocean Productivity Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware 188-38-52 W87-70219 161-30-02 W87-70195 188-38-51 W87-70218 Research in Solar Veclw Magnetic Fields Large-ScaleAir-Sea Interactions Optical Technology for Space Astronomy 188-38-52 W87-70220 161-80-42 W87-70210 188-41-23 W87-70223 Gamma Ray Astronomy Early Atmosphere: Geochemistry and Photochemistry Optical Communication Technology Development 188-46-57 W87-70229 199-52-26 W87-70274 310-20-67 W87-70424

1-3 1 OPTICAL MEASUREMENT SUBJECT INDEX

OPTICALMEASUREMENT Systems Analysis OSCILLATORS Information Sciences Research and Technology 506-49-00 W87-70094 Flqht Dynamics Technology I 506-4500 W87-70073 Systems Analysis 310-10-26 W87-70412 OPTICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS 506-49-00 W87-70095 Frequency and Timing Research Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Advanced Mission Study Solar X-Ray Pinhole Occulter 310-1062 W87-70415 506-46-00 W87-70080 Facility (PO0 OXIDES Mariner Mark II Imaging 159-3843 W87-70188 Chemical Kinetics of the Upper Atmosphere 1574348 W87-70180 Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility 147-21-03 W87-70130 OPTICAL PROPERTIES 188-78-48 W87-70232 OXYGEN GIOTTO PIA Co-Investigator Support Space Station Exercise Countermeasures Materials and Structures Research and Technology 1564344 W87-70176 199-11-1 1 W87-70243 50643-00 W87-70064 Solar Dynamics Obsewatory/Solar Oscillations Imager Space Station Health Maintenance Facility Microwave Pressure Sounder 159-3841 W87-70187 199-11-31 W87-70245 1467241 W87-70114 Aerosol and Gas Measurements Addressing Aerosol In-Flight Diagnostic Sensors Planetary Materials: Isotope Studies Climatic Effects 199.1 1-34 W87-70247 152-1 5-40 W87-70154 672-21-99 W87-70332 Vibroacoustic Habitability/Productivii Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling OPTICAL RADAR 199-13-40 W87-70249 154-90-80 W87-70169 Information Sciences Research and Technology Muscle Physiology Early Atmosphere: Geochemistry and Photochemistry 506-45-00 W87-70072 199-22-44 W87-70260 199-52-26 W87-70274 Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment Radiobiology Theoretical Studies and Calculation of 146-72-04 W87-70117 199-22-71 W87-70262 Electron-MoleculeCollision Processes Relevant to Space Lidar Target Calibration Facility Space Radiation Effects and Protection Plasma Physics 146-72-10 W87-70121 199-22-76 W87-70263 442-36-58 W87-70303 Atmosphecic Backscaner Experiment Developmental Biology OXYGEN ATOMS 146-72-11 W87-70122 199-40-22 W87-70270 Materials and Structure Research and Technology OPTICAL SCANNERS Space Station Life Sciences 506-43-00 W87-70059 Image Processing Capability Upgrade 199-90-62 W87-70290 OZONE 677-80-22 W87-70397 SAlS Testbed Planning In-Situ Measurements of Stratospheric Ozone OPTICAL THICKNESS 656-1141 W87-70319 147-11-05 W87-70123 Theoretical Studies of Active Galaxies and Quasi-Stellar Standard Formaned Data Unit - CCSDS Panel 2 Analysis of Troposphere-StratosphereExchange Objects (am) 656-1142 W87-70321 673-4241 W87-70339 188-46-01 W87-70227 Advanced Systems Architecture Stratospheric Chemistry and Transport OPTICAL TRACKING 656-44-10 W87-70329 673-6444 W87-70343 Balloon-Borne Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer Frequency and Timing Research Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of 147-1147 W87-70124 310-10-62 W87-70415 Forest Decline Damage OPTICS Optical Communication Technology Development 677-21-25 W87-70377 Mariner Mark II Imaging 310-2067 W87-70424 OZONOSPHERE 15743.08 W87-70180 ORBITAL SPACE TESTS In-Situ Measurements 01 Stratospheric Ozone OPTIMIZATION Control of Flexible Structures Flight Experiment 147-11-05 W87-70123 Materials and Structures Research and Technology 542-0640 W87-70104 Balloon Microwave Limb Sounder (BMLS) Stratospheric 505-63-00 W87-7o009 ORBITS Measurements Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Sfmctroscopic Space Flight Research and Technology 147-12-06 W87-70125 Planetary Detection 506-48-00 W87-70085 196-4164 W87-70239 X-ray Astronomy Detection of Other Planetary Systems 188-4659 W87-70230 P 196-4 1-68 W87-70241 Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies Gravity Field and Geoid 643-10-01 W87-70306 PACIFIC ISLANDS 676-40-10 W87-70366 Propagation Studies and Measurements Space Oceanography OPTIONS 643-10-03 W87-70307 161-80-43 W87-70211 Space Flight Research and Technology Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Tracking of PACIFIC OCEAN 506-48-00 W87-70086 the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TORS) Atmospheric Backscaner Experiment Systems Analysis 310-20-39 W87-70419 146-72-11 W87-70122 506-49-00 W87-70091 OREGON Remote Sensing of Air-Sea Fluxes ORBIT CALCULATION Continental Accretion 161-80-15 W87-70205 Gravity Field and Geoid 677-43-23 W87-70390 Space Oceanography 676-40-10 W87-70366 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 161-80-43 W87-70211 Flight Dynamics Technology Planetary Instrument Definition and Development PAIR PRODUCTION 310-10-26 W87-70412 Program - Titan Atmospheric Analysis Theoretical Studies 01 Active Galaxies and Quasi-stellar ORBIT SPECTRUM UTILIZATION 157-04-80 W87-70183 Objects (QSOs) Soectrum and Utilization Studies Mil ORGANISMS 188-46-01 W87-70227 643-10-01 W87-70305 Biological Adaptation ORBIT TRANSFER VEHICLES PALEOBIOLOGY 199-40-32 W87-70271 The Early Evolution of Life Materials and Structures Research and Technology Prebiotic Evolution 199-52-32 W87-70278 506-43-00 W87-70062 199-52-22 W87-70273 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology ORGANIZATIONS PALEONTOLOGY 506-4640 W87-70080 Applications Experiments Program Support Early Crustal Genesis Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 646-41-02 W87-70311 152-19-40 W87-70156 506-46-00 W87-70082 ORIGINS Evolution of Advanced Life ORBITAL ASSEMBLY Mars Geology: Crustal Dichotomy and Crustal 199-52-42 W87-70277 Automation and Robotics Technology Evolution PANAMA 549-01-00 W87-70110 151 42-50 W87-70141 Analysis of Troposphere-StratosphereExchange ORBITAL MANEUVERING VEHICLES Ring Dynamics and Mcfphology 673-4241 W87-70339 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 151-02-67 W87-70147 PANELS 506-2600 W87-70082 Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology Materials and Structure Research and Technology Automation and Robotics Technology 152-12-40 W87-70149 506-43-00 W87-70059 549.01-00 W87-70105 Planetary Materials: Chemistry Space Flight Research and Technology ORBITAL SERVICING 152-13-40 W87-70151 506-48-00 W87-70086 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Planetary Materials-Carbonaceous Meteorites A Study of the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) for W87-70082 50646-00 152-13-60 W87-70152 Astronomy Applications ORBITAL SPACE STATIONS Planetary Materials: Geochronology 159-41-01 W87-70189 Materials and Structures Research and Technology 152-14-40 W87-70153 PARALLEL PROCESSING (COMPUTERS) 506-43-00 W87-70064 Planetary Materials: Isotope Studies MPP Software (Systems and Applications) Space Data and Communications Research and 152-15-40 W87-70154 656-20-26 W87-70325 Technology Planetary Materials: Surface and Exposure Studies 506-4440 W87-70065 152-1 7-40 W87-70155 PARALLEL PROGRAMMING Space Data and Communications Research and Planetary Atmospheric Composition. Structure. and MPP Software (Systems and Applications) Technology History 656-20-26 W87-70325 506-44-00 W87-70070 154-10-80 W87-70159 PARAMETERIZATION Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Aeronomy Theory and AnalysisIComet Models Extensions and Testing of the Hydrologic 506-46-00 W87-70079 1546080 W87-70166 Parameterization in the GISS Atmospheric GCM Controls and Guidance Research and Technology ORTHOGONAL FUNCTIONS 672-31-12 W87-70336 506-46-00 W87-70080 Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies Stratospheric Chemistry and Transport Human Factcis Research and Technology 146-66-02 W87-70112 673-6444 W87-70343 506-47-00 W87-70083 OSCILLATIONS PARTIAL PRESSURE System Analysis Ground-Based Observations of the Sun IR Remote Sensing of SST 506-49-00 W87-70090 188-38-52 W87-70219 146-72-03 W87-70116

1-32 SUBJECT INDEX PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

PARTICLE ACCELERATION Mission Operations Technology Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling Data Analysis - Space Plasma Physics 310-40-45 W87-70430 176-40-14 W87-70215 442-20-02 W87-70295 PENETRATION Early Atmosphere: Geochemistry and Photochemistry Particle and ParticWPhoton Interactbns (Atmospheric Study and Development of a Comet Nucleus Penetrator 199-52-26 W87-70274 Magnetospheric Coupling) - Overguideline Aerosol Formation Models 442-3666 W87-70301 157-0480 W87-70184 672-31-02 W87-70335 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS PENETROMETERS Mesospheric Theory X-Gamma Neutron Gamma/lnstNment Definition ParticleAccelerator Facility: Maintenanceand Operation 673-61-02 W87-70340 of a Calibration Facili for Magnetospheric and 157-03-50 W87-70182 Chemistry of Stratosphere Solar-Tenestrial Experiments PERFORMANCE PREDICTION 673-62-04 W87-70342 442-3657 W87-70302 Materials and Structures Research and Technology PARTICLE DENSITY (CONCENTRATION) 505-63-00 W87-70011 PHOTOGEOLOGY GIOTTO MDSY Co-Investigator Suppod Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Mars Geology: Crustal Dichotomy and Crustal Evolution 156-0347 W87-70178 506-4100 W87-70050 PARTICLE ENERGY Propulsion Research and Technology 151-02-50 W87-70141 Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware 506-4240 W87-70055 PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM 188-38-51 W87-70218 PERFORMANCE TESTS The Large-Scale Phenomena Program of the PARTICLE INTERACTIONS High Temperature, Controlled Redox Studies International Halley Watch (IHW) Space Radiation Effects and Protecfwn 674-26-01 W87-70354 15602-02 W87-70174 199-22-76 W87-70263 PERIDOTITE PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES Particle and Particle/Photon Interactions (Atmospheric Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains The Large-Scale Phenomena Program of lhe MagnetosphericCoupling) 677-41-29 W87-70386 International Halley Watch (IHW) 442-36-56 W87-70301 PERIPHERAL EOUIPMEHT (COMPUTERS) 156-02-02 W87-70174 PARTICLE MASS Image Processing Capability Upgrade PHOTOGRAPHS GIOTTO PIA Co-InvestigatorSupport 677-60-22 W87-70397 General Operations and Laboratory Facilities - Planetary 15603-04 W87-70176 PERMAFROST Materials GIOTTO DIDSY Co-Investigator Support Landforms in Polar Regions 152-3040 W87-70158 156-0307 W87-70178 677-43-22 W87-70389 Ground-Based Observations of the Sun PARTICLE MOTION PERTURBATION 188-38-52 W87-70219 Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets Stratospheric Chemistry and Transport PHOTOGRAPHY 151-01 -60 W87-70140 673-64-04 W87-70343 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION PETROGRAPHY 505-61-00 W87-7ooo5 A Laboratory Investigationof the Formation, Properties Planetary Materials-Carbonaceous Meteorites PHOTOLYSIS and Evolubn of Presolar Grains 152-13-60 W87-70152 Photochemistryof the Upper Atmosphere 152-12-40 W87-70150 PETROLOGY 147-22-01 W87-70131 Radiative Effects in Clouds First International Satellite Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology Kinetic Studies of Tropospheric Free Radicals Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment 152-12-40 W87-70149 176-30-01 W87-70214 672-22-99 W87-70334 Planetary Materials: Chemistry Chemistry of Stratosphere PARTICLES 152-13-40 W87-70151 673-62-04 W87-70342 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Planetary Materials-Carbonaceous Meteorites Stratospheric Chemistry and Transport 505-61-00 W87-7ooo5 152-13-60 W87-70152 673-64-04 W87-70343 Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets Sources of Magnetic Anomaly Field PHOTOMETERS 151-01-60 W87-70140 677-45-03 W87-70393 Laser Ranging Development Study Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets PHARMACOLOGY 676-59-32 W87-70370 151-02-63 W87-70144 Space Adaptation Syndrome PHOTOMETRY Planetary Materials: Surface and Exposure Studies 199-12-51 W87-70248 Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes 152-17-40 W87-70155 Cardiovascular Research (JSC) 151-02-64 W87-70145 Planetary Materials: Collection, Preservation, and 199-21-11 W67-70251 PHOTONS Distribution Muscle Physiology Ultraviolet Detector Development 152-20-40 W87-70157 199-22-42 W87-70259 188-41-24 W87-70224 Laboratory Study of Chemical and Physical Properties Biotechnology Theoretical Studies of Active Galaxies and Ouasi-Stellar of Interstellar PAHs 674-23-08 W87-70348 Objects (OSOs) 188-41-57 W87-70226 PHASE DETECTORS 188-46-01 W87-70227 Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility Ultrasound Oetection of Bends Gamma Ray Astronomy 188-78-46 W87-70232 199-11-34 W87-70246 188-46-57 W87-70229 Aerosol and Gas Measurements Addressing Aerosol PHASE DIAGRAMS Sounding Rocket Experiments (Astronomy) Climatic Effects Glasses and Ceramics 879-11-41 W87-70408 672-21-99 W87-70332 674-2605 W87-70356 PHOTOSPHERE Climate Modeling with Emphasis on Aerosols and PHASE MODULATION Modeling Coronal Structure and Energetics Clouds Gas Correlation Wind Sensor 188-3841 W87-70217 672-32-02 W87-70337 147-18-02 W87-70129 PHOTOSYNTHESIS PARTICULATE SAMPLING PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS Terrestnal Ecosystems Spectral Charactenzatton of GIOTTO PIA Co-Investigator Support Atomic and Molecular Properties of Planetary Forest Decline Damage 15603-04 W87-70176 Atmospheric Constituents 877-21-25 W87-70377 PASCAL (PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE) 154-50-80 W87-70164 PHOTOVOLTAICCONVERSION MPP Software (Systems and Applications) Metals and Alloys Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 656-20-26 W87-70325 674-2508 W87-70353 506-41-00 W87-70047 PASSENGERS Glass Research Space Energy Converswn Research and technology Cardiovascular Physiology 674-26-04 W87-70355 506-41-00 W87-70049 199-21-12 W87-70252 PHASEDARRAYS Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Muscle Physiology Space Data and Communicatbns Research and 506-41-00 W87-70051 199-22-44 W87-70260 TechndOgy PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY PATHOLOGY 506-44-00 W87-70065 Planetary Materials-Carbonaceous Meteontes Longitudinal Studies (Medii1 Operations Longitudinal PHENOMENOLOGY 152-13-60 W87-70152 Studies) Research in Astrophysics Solar System, Turbulence PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS 199-11-21 W87-70244 188-80-02 W87-70235 Lonaitudinal Studies (Medical Operations Longitudinal Spacecraft Environmental Factors PHOSPHORUS Studies) 199-13-41 W87-70250 Bone physiology 199-11-21 W87-70244 PAYLOADCONTROL 199-22-32 W87-70257 PHYSICAL EXERCISE Human-To-Machine Interface Technology Biogeochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems Space Station Exercise Countermeasures 310-40-37 W87-70428 199-30-72 W87-70267 199-11-11 W87-70243 PAYLOADS PHOTOCATHODES Cardiovascular Research (JSC) Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Ultraviolet Detector Development 199-21-11 W67-70251 506-46-00 W67-70079 188-41-24 W87-70224 Cardiovascular Physiology Controls and Guidance Research and Technology PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS 199-21-1 2 W87-70252 506-46-00 W87-70080 In-Situ Measurements of Stratospheric Ozone Muscle Physiology Systems Analysis 199-22-42 W87-70259 147-11-05 W87-70123 506-49-00 W87-70094 PHYSICS Photochemistry of the Upper Atmosphere Automation and Robotics Technology InterdisciplinaryTechnology 549-0140 W87-70108 147-2241 W87-70131 506-90-00 W87-70099 Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics Atmospheric Photochemistly PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT IN SPACE Experiments 147-22-02 W87-70132 PACE Flight Experiments 445-11-36 W87-70304 Data Survey and Evaluation 674-24-06 W87-70350 Advanced Space Systems for Users of NASA 147-51-01 W87-70136 PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS Networks Kinetic Studies of Tropospheric Free Radicals Cardiovascular Research (JSC) 310-20-46 W87-70420 176-30-01 W87-70214 199-21-11 W87-70251 1-33 PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS SUBJECT INDEX

Cardiovascular Physiology Radake Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres PLANETARY GEOLOGY 199-21-12 W87-70252 154-40-80 W87-70162 Planetary geology Bone Physiology Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures 151-01 -20 W87-70139 199-22-32 W87-70257 154-40-80 W87-70163 Mars Geology: Crustal Dichotomy and Crustal Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) Atomic and Molecular Properties of Planetary Evolution 199-22-92 W87-70264 Atmospheric Constituents 151 -02-50 W87-70141 PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS 154-50-80 W87-70164 Theoretical Studies of Planetary Bodies Tenestrial Ecosystems Planetary Lightning and Analysis of Voyager 151-02-61 W87-70143 677-21-24 W87-70376 Observations Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES 154-90-80 W87-70168 151-02-64 W87-70145 Longitudinal Studiis (Medical Operations Longitudinal Ground-Based Infrared Astronomy PLANETARY MAPPING Studies) 196-41-50 W87-70237 Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes 199-11-21 W87-70244 Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic 151-02-64 W87-70145 Spacecran Environmental Factors Planetary Detection Development of Dual Frequency and MultispectralRadar 199-1341 W87-70250 19641-54 W87-70239 MapperlSounder Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology. Planetary Astronomy and Supporting Laboratory 838-59-04 W87-70403 Endocrinology. and Nutrition) Research PLANETARY MASS 199-21-51 W87-70253 196-41-67 W87-70240 Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization Hematology. Immunology and Endocrinology Optical Astronomy Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote 199-21-52 W87-70254 19641-71 W87-70242 Planetary Analyses Neurophysiology Solar System Exploration 157-03-40 W87-70181 199-22-22 W87-70255 199-52-52 W87-70278 PLANETARYNEBULAE Bone Physiology Development of the Pressure Modulator Infrared Formation. Evolution, and Stability of Protostellar 199-22-31 W87-70256 Radiometer Disks Bone Loss 838-59-03 W87-70402 151-02-65 W87-70146 199-22-34 W87-70258 PLANETARY COMPOSITION PLANETARY ORBITS Radiobiology Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic 199-22-71 W87-70262 152-12-40 W87-70149 Planetary Detection Gravity-Sensing Systems Planetary Materials: Chemistry 196-41-54 W87-70239 19940-12 W87-70269 152-13-40 W87-70151 PLANETARY RINGS Developmental Biology Planetary Materials: Geochronology Ring Dynamics and Morphology 199.40-22 W87-70270 152-14-40 W87-70153 151-02-67 W87-70147 Biological Adaptation Planetary Materials: Collection, Preservation, and PLANETARY ROTATION 19940-32 W87-70271 Distribution Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres PHYSIOLOGY 152-20-40 W87-70157 154-20-80 W87-70160 Longitudinal Studies (Medical Operations Longitudinal General Operations and Laboratory Facilities- Planetary PLANETARY STRUCTURE Studies) Materials Theoretical Studies of Planetary Bodies 199-11-21 W87-70244 152-30-40 W87-70158 151-02-61 W87-70143 In-Flight Diagnostic Sensors Mars Exobiology Research Consortium PLANETARYSURFACES 199-11-34 W87-70247 155-20-80 W87-70172 Planetary geology Bone Physiology Definition and Development 01 a Thermal Ionization 151-01 -20 W87-70139 199-22-31 W87-70256 Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote Theoretical Studies of Planetary Bodies Bone Physiology Planetary Analyses 151-02-61 W87-70143 199-22-32 W87-70257 157-03-40 W87-70181 Early Crustal Genesis Muscle Physiology PLANETARY CORES 152-19-40 W87-70156 199-22-44 W87-70260 Planetary Astronomy and Supporting Laboratory Planetary Astronomy and Supporting Laboratory Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of Research Research Forest Decline Damage 196-41-67 W87-70240 196-41-67 W87-70240 677-21-25 W87-70377 PLANETARYCRATERS Prebiotic Evolution PIGMENTS NASA-Ames Research Center Vertical Gun Facility 199-52-22 W87-70273 Ocean Productivity 15142-60 W87-70142 Solar System Exploration 161-30-02 W87-70195 PLANETARY ENVIRONMENTS 199-52-52 W87-70278 Fluorescence of Marine Plankton Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets Development of the Pressure Modulator Infrared 161-30-05 W87-70197 151-01 -60 W87-70140 Radiometer PILOT ERROR Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets 838-5943 W87-70402 Human Factors Research and Technology 151-0243 W87-70144 IR Mapper 505-67-00 W87-70021 Planetary Lightning and Analysis of Voyager 838-59-06 W87-70404 PILOT PERFORMANCE Observations PLANETARYTEMPERATURE Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 154-90-80 W87-70168 Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes 505-61-00 W87-7oO04 Planetary Data System and Coordination 151-02-64 W87-70145 Human Factors Research and Technology 155-20-70 W87-70171 PLANETS 505-67-00 W87-70021 Evolution of Advanced Life Theoretical Studies of Planetary Bodies PINCH EFFECT 199-52-42 W87-70277 151-02-61 W87-70143 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology PLANETARY EVOLUTION Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes 50641-00 W87-70047 Planetary geology 151-0244 W87-70145 PINHOLES 151-01-20 W87-70139 Early Crustal Genesis Advanced Mission Study Solar X-Ray Pinhole Occulter Mars Geology: Crustal Dichotomy and Crustal 152-19-40 W87-70156 Facility (POF) Evolution X-Gamma Neutron Gammallnstrument Definition 159-38-03 W87-70188 151-02-50 W87-70141 157-03-50 W87-70182 PIONEER SPACE PROBES Theoretical Studies 01 Planetary Bodies Study of Large Deployable Reflector for Infrared and Energetic Particles and Plasmas in the Magnetospheres 15142-61 W87-70143 Submillimeter Astronomy of Jupiter and Saturn Formation. Evolution. and Stability of Protostellar 159-41-01 W87-70190 442-20-04 W87-70296 Disks Research in Astrophysics: Solar System. Turbulence PIONEERVENUSSPACECRAFT 151-0265 W87-70146 188-80-02 W87-70235 Planetary Atmospheric Composition, Structure, and Early Crustal Genesis Detection of Other Planetary Systems History 152-19-40 W87-70156 196-41 -68 W87-70241 154-10-80 W87-70159 Planetary Atmospheric Composition, Structure, and Prebiotic Evolution 199-52-22 W87-70273 Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres History 154-40-80 W87-70162 154-10-80 W87-70159 Solar System Exploration Planetary Lightning and Analysis of Voyager 199-52-52 W87-70278 PIPE FLOW Data Analysis - Exobiology in Solar System Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology ObseNatiOnS Exploration 50641-00 W87-70052 154-90-80 W87-70168 Center for Star Formation Studies 199-70-22 W87-70284 PISTON ENGINES 188-48-52 W87-70231 Advanced Transmitted Systems Development Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Research in Astrophysics: Solar System, Turbulence 31 0-20-64 W87-70421 506-41-00 W87-70051 188-80-02 W87-70235 Optical Communication Technology Development PLAINS Planetary Astronomy and Supporting Laboratory 31 0-20-67 W87-70424 Mars Geology: Crustal Dichotomy and Crustal Research PLANKTON Evolution 196-41-67 W87-70240 Ocean Productivity 15142-50 W87-70141 Prebiotic Evolution 161-30-02 W87-70195 PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES 199-52-22 W87-70273 Fluorescence of Marine Plankton Planetary Atmospheric Composition, Structure, and Solar System Exploration 161-30-05 W87-70197 History 199-52-52 W87-70278 Analysis of Oceanic Productivity 154-10-80 W87-70159 Data Analysis ~ Exobiology in Solar System 161-5047 W87-70204 Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres Exploration Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions 154-20-80 W87-70160 199-70-22 W87-70284 161-8042 W87-70210

1-34 SUBJECT INDEX PRODUCTS

PLANNING POLARIMETERS X-Gamma Neutron GammallnStNment Definition Systems Analysis Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres 157-03-50 W87-70182 506-4940 W87-70093 15440-80 W87-70162 Vibroaooustic HabitabilitylProductiity AMSU Research Studies POLARIMETRY 199-13-40 W87-70249 140-7245 W87-70118 Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres Biospheric Monitoring and Disease Prediction Ground-Eased Observations of the Sun 1544080 W87-70162 199-30-32 W87-70265 188-38-52 W87-70219 POLARIZATION (WAVES) Biogeochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems PLANTS (BOTANY) New Techniques for Quantitative Analysis of SAR 199-30-72 W87-70267 Bihemical Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems Images Propagatim Studii and Measurements 677-21-35 W87-70381 677-4602 W87-70395 643-10-03 W87-70307 PLASMA DENSITY POLICIES Climate Modeling with Emphasis on Aerosols and Systems Analysis GIOTTO . Ion Mass Spectrometer, Co-Investigator WS 506-4940 W87-70096 672-3242 W87-70337 support POLLUTION 156-0343 W87-70175 Forest Dynamics Satellite Monitwing of Air Pollution PLASMA DYNAMICS 677-21-40 W87.70383 17610-04 W87-70212 PRESSURE Quantitative Modelling Of the Ames Multi-Program Support for Climate Research MagnetospherellonosphereInteraction Including Neutral Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology 672-50-99 W87-70338 152-12-40 W87-70149 Winds POLLUTION TRANSPORT 442-3655 W87-70300 PRESSUREDEPENDENCE Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling Atmospheric Photochemistry PLASMA INTERACTIONS 176-40-14 W87-70215 GIOTTO - Ion Mass Spectrometer, Co-Investigator 147-22-02 W87-70132 Ames Multi-Program Support for Climate Research IR Remote Sensing of SST support 672-50-99 W87-70338 156-03-03 W87-70175 161-3043 W87-70196 PONDS Planetary Astronomy and Supporting Laboratory PLASMA PHYSICS Landforms in Polar Regions Research Data Analysis Space Plasma Physics - 677-43-22 W87-70389 196-4167 W87-70240 442-20-02 W87-70295 POPULATIONS PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION Magnetospheric Physics - Particles and PartiiclelField Biospheric Monitoring and Disease Prediction Atmospheric Oynarnics and Radiation Science Support Interaction 199-30-32 W67-70265 146-72-09 W87-70120 442-3655 W87-70299 PORTABLE EOUIPMENT PRESSUREMEASUREMENT Theoretical Studies and Calculation of Advanced Systems Architecture Microwave Pressure Sounder Electron-MoleculeCollision Processes Relevant to Space 656-44-10 W87-70329 146-72-01 W87-70114 Plasma Physics POSITION (LOCATION) PRESSURE MODULATOR RADIOMETERS 442-3650 W87-70303 Astronomy and Relativity Data Analysis Development of the Pressure Modulator Infrared Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics 188-41-21 W87-70222 Radiometer Experiments GPS Positioning of a Marine Buoy for Plate Motion 838-59-03 W87-70402 45-11-36 W87-70304 Studies PRESSURE OSCILLATIONS PLASMA SHEATHS 676-59-45 W67-70372 Polar Motin and Earth Models Space Plasma Data Analysis POSITIONING DEVICES (MACHINERY) 676-30-44 W87-70364 442-2041 W87-70294 Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Tenains PRIMARY BATTERIES PLASMA WAVES 677-41-29 W87-70386 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Space Plasma Data Analysis POTABLE WATER 506-4140 W87-70048 442-20-01 W87-70294 Spacecraft Environmental Factors PRIMITIVE EARTH ATMOSPHERE Data Analysis - Space Plasma Physics 199-13-41 W87-70250 Early Atmosphere: Geochemistry and Photochemistry 442-20-02 W87-70295 POWER AMPLIFIERS 199-52-26 W87-70274 PLASMAS (PHYSICS) Space Data and Communications Research and PRINTING Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Technology General Operations and Laboratory Facilities. Planetary 506-4140 W87-70047 506-4440 W67-7W69 Materials GIOTTO, Magnetic Field Experiments RF Components for Satellite Communications 152-30-40 W87-70158 15603-05 W87-70177 Systems PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTIONS Development of Solar Experimentsand Herdware 650-60-22 W87-70315 Extensions and Testing of the Hydrologic 188-38-51 W87-70218 POWER SPECTRA Parameterizationin the GlSS Atmospheric GCM Ground-Eased Observations of the Sun Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature 672-31-12 W87-70336 188-38-52 W87-70219 161-6040 W87-70208 PROBABILITY THEORY Energetic Particles and Plasmas in the Magnetospheres POWERED LIFT AIRCRAFT Space Station Health Maintenance Facility of Jupiter and Saturn Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 199-11-31 W87-70245 442-20-04 W87-70296 505-61-00 W87-70006 PROCEDURES PLASMASPHERE PRECESSION Atmospheric Parameter Mapping Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Interactions Gravity Probe-E 146-72-06 W87-70119 442-20-01 W87-70293 188-7842 W87-70234 Standard Formaned Data Unit - CCSDS Panel 2 PLATEAUS PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY) 656-11-02 W87-70321 Mars Geology: Crustal Dichotomy and Crustal AMSU Research Studies Biotechnology Evolution 14672-05 W87-70118 674-23-08 W87-70348 151-02I50 W87-70141 Extensions and Testing of the Hydrologic PROCESSING PLATES (TECTONICS) Parameterizationin the GlSS Atmospheric GCM Information Sciences Research and Technology GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional 672-31-12 W87-70336 506-45-00 W87-70078 Geodesy in the Caribbean Forest Evapotranspirationand Production PROCUREMENT 676-59-31 W87-70369 677-21-31 W87-70378 Propulsion Research and Technology PLUTO (PLANET) PRECISION 506-42-00 W87-70057 Planetary Atmospheric Composition, Structure, and IR Remote Sensing of SST Information Sciences Research and Technology History 146-72-03 W87-70116 506-45-00 W87-70074 154-10-80 W87-70159 PREDICTION ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES PRODUCTDEVELOPMENT POINTING CONTROL SYSTEMS Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Gravity Probe-B Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 505-60-00 W87-7m3 188-7842 W87-70234 506-4640 W87-70080 Materials and Structures Research and technology PRODUCTIVITY Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 505-63.00 W87-70012 Human Factors Research and Technology 506-4600 W87-70081 Flight Systems Research and Technology 506-4740 W87-70083 Systems Analysis 505-68-00 W87-70023 Human Factors Research and Technology 506-49-00 W87-70092 Advanced Rotorcraft Technology 506-47-00 W87-70084 POLAR CAPS 532-0600 W87-70033 Ocean Productivity Quantitative Modelling Of the Turbine Engine Hot Section Technology 161-30-02 W87-70195 Magnetosphere/lonosphere Interaction Including Neutral 533-04-00 W87-70037 Analysis of Oceanic Productivity Winds Materials and Structures Research and Technology 161-5047 W87-70204 442-3655 W87-70300 506-43-00 W87-70062 Vibroacoustic HabitabilitylProductivity POLAR ORBITS Radiative Effects in Clouds First International Satellite 199-13-40 W87-70249 Systems Analysis Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment Crew Productivity 506-4940 W87-70092 672-22-99 W87-70334 199-22-62 W87-70261 POLAR REGIONS Network Systems Technology Development Forest Evapotranspirationand Production Lidar Target Calibration Facility 310-20-33 W87-70417 677-21-31 W87-70378 14672-10 W87-70121 PREDICTIONS Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment Planetary Clouds Particulates and Ices Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 877-21-32 W87-70379 154-30-80 W87-70161 505-61-00 W87-70004 BihemicalCycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems Experimental Clwd Anaiysis Techniques Materials and Structure Research and Technology 677-21-35 W87-70381 672-22-06 W87-70333 506-43-00 W87-70059 PRODUCTS Landforms in Polar Regions Materials and Structures Research and Technology Biotechnology 677-43-22 W87-70389 506-43-00 W87-70060 674-23-08 W87-70346

1-35 SUBJECT INDEX PROGRAM VERIFICATION (COMPUTERS)

Geopotential Research Mission (GRM) Studies Ceramics lor Turbine Engines PURIFICATION 676-59-10 W87-70367 53345-00 W87-70038 Biotechnology 674-23-08 W87-70348 PROGRAM VERIFICATION (COMPUTERS) Propulsion Research and Technology PURITY I Information Sciences Research and Technology 506-4240 W87-70056 505-65-00 W87-70014 X-Gamma Neutron Gamrnallnstrument Definition Advanced Earth-To-OrbitSystems Technology 157-03-50 W87-70182 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES 525-02-00 W67-70103 Information Sciences Research and Technology PROPULSIVE EFFICIENCY 505-6540 W87-70014 Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Q PROJECTMANAGEMENT 505-60-00 W87-70001 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology PROSTAGLANDINS QUALITY 505-6640 W87-70017 Muscle Physiology Advanced Studies Space Flight Systems Research and Technology 199-22-42 W87-70259 643-10-05 W87-70308 506-48-00 W87-70088 PROTECTION Mobile Communications Technology Development Space Flight Research and Technology 650-60-15 W67-70312 506-48-00 W87-70089 Flight Systems Research and Technology 505-68-00 W87-70024 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS Systems Analysis New Techniques for Quantitative Analysis of SAR 506-4940 W87-70091 Radiobiology 199-22-71 W87-70262 Images General Operationsand Laboratory Facilities - Planetary 677-46-02 W87-70395 PROTEINS Materials QUASARS 152-30-40 W87-70158 Muscle Physiology 199-22-42 W67-70259 Theoretical Studies of Active Galaxies and Quasi-Stellar International Halley Watch Objects (QSOs) 156-02-02 W87-70173 PROTOCOL (COMPUTERS) 186-4641 W87-70227 Gravity Probe-B Space Data Communications Research and QUASAT 188-78-62 W87-70234 technology Space Systems and Navigation Technology W87-70068 Consulting and Program Support 506-44-00 310-10-63 W87-70416 674-29-08 W87-70362 Network Communications Technology QUEBEC 310-20-38 W87-70418 Remote Sensing Science Program Topographic Profile Analysis 677-24-01 W87-70385 PROTONS 677-43-24 W87-70391 PROJECT PLANNING Planetary Matenals: Chemistry QUENCHING (COOLING) I 152-13-40 W87-70151 Systems Analysis Metals and Alloys 505-69-00 W8 7 - 700 25 Space Radiation Effects and Protection 674-25-05 W87-70352 Systems Analysis 199-22-76 W87-70263 505-69-00 W87-70027 PROTOPLANETS Systems Analysis Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes R 506-49-00 W87-70096 151-02-64 W87-70145 SAlS Testbed Planning Early Crustal Genesis RADAR ASTRONOMY 656-11-01 W87-70319 152-1 9-40 W87-70156 Advanced Transmitted Systems Development Ground Experiment Operations Cosmic Evolution of Biogenic Compounds 310-20-64 W67-70421 674-28-08 W87-70360 199-52-12 W87-70272 RADAR DATA Microgravity Science and Applications Program PROTOSTARS Topographic Profile Analysis support Formation, Evolution, and Stability 01 Protostellar 677-43-24 W87-70391 674-29-04 W87-70361 Disks New Techniques for Quantitative Analysis of SAR Consulting and Program Support 151-02-65 W87-70146 Images 674-29-08 W87-70362 Center for Star Formation Studies 677-46-02 W87-70395 PROJECT SET1 188-48-52 W87-70231 RADAR DETECTION The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Cosmic Evolution of Biogenic Compounds Developmentof Dual Frequency and MultispectralRadar 199-52-62 W8 7- 70 2 7 9 199-52-12 W87-70272 MapperfSounder PROMOTION PROTOTYPES 838-59-04 W87-70403 InterdisciplinaryTechnology Information Sciences Research and Technology RADAR EQUIPMENT 505-90-00 W87-70029 505-65-00 W87-70014 Developmentof Dual Frequency and MultispectralRadar InterdisciplinaryTechnology Information Sciences Research and Technology Mapperf Sounder 505-90-00 W87-70030 505-65-00 W87-70015 838-59-04 W87-70403 InterdisciplinaryTechnology Information Sciences Research and Technology RADAR IMAGERY 505-90-00 W87-70031 506-45-00 W87-70078 Airborne Rain Mapping Radar System PROP-FAN TECHNOLOGY The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) 146-6645 W87-70113 Advanced Turboprop Systems 199-52-62 W87-70279 Imaging Radar Studies 01 Sea Ice 535-0340 W87-70042 Advanced Technology Development - Future Life 161-40-02 W87-70198 PROPELLER FANS Sciences Flight Experiments Landforms in Polar Regions Advanced Turboprop Systems 199-80-82 W87-70288 677-43-22 W87-70389 535-03-00 W87-70041 Communications Laboratory for Transponder New Techniques for Quantitative Analysis of SAR Advanced Turboprop Systems Development Images 535-03-00 W67-70042 650-60-23 W87-70316 677-46-02 W87-70395 PROPELLER SLIPSTREAMS SAlS Testbed Planning RADAR MEASUREMENT Advanced Turboprop Systems 656-11-01 W87-70319 Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment 535-03-00 W87-70041 EOS High Rate Data System Testbed 146-72-04 W87-70117 PROPORTIONAL COUNTERS 656-25-01 W87-70326 Atmospheric Backscatter Experiment X-Gamma Neutron Gamma/ Instrument Definition Network Systems Technology Development 14672-11 W87-70122 157-03-50 W87-70182 310-20-33 W87-70417 Advanced Scatterometry PROPULSION Network Communications Technology 161-1 0-08 W87-70193 Propulsion and Power Research and Technology 310-20-38 W87-70418 RADAR TARGETS 505-62-00 W87-70007 Network Signal Processing Lidar Target Calibration Facility Flight Systems Research and Technology 31 0-30-70 W87-70426 146-72-10 W87-70121 505-68-00 W67-70024 PROVING RADAR TRACKING Advanced Turboprop Systems Space Flight Research and Technology Flight Dynamics Technology 535-03-00 W87-70042 506-48-00 W87-70087 310-10-26 W87-70412 PROPULSION SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS PROXIMITY RADIANCE Propulsion and Power Research and Technology Lidar Target Calibration Facility Meteorological Parameters Extraction 505-62-00 W87-70006 146-72-10 W87-70121 146-66-01 W87-70111 Systems Analysis PSYCHOPHYSlOLOGY IR Remote Sensing of SST 505-69-00 W87-70025 Space Adaptation Syndrome 146-72-03 W87-70: 16 199-12-51 W87-70248 Systems Analysis IR Remote Sensing of SST 505-69-00 W87-70027 PULSARS 161-30 03 W87-70196 Astronomy and Relativity Data Analysis Examination of Chukchi Air-Sea-Ice Processes Advanced Turboprop Systems 186-41-21 W87-70222 W67-70041 161-40-30 W87-70201 535-03-00 Energetic Particles and Plasmas in the Magnetospheres Propulsion Research and Technology Satellite Monitonng of Air Pollution of Jupiter and Saturn 176-10-04 W87-70212 506-42-00 W87-70054 442-20-04 W87-70296 Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) Propulsion Research and Technology PULSE COMMUNICATION 677-22-28 W87-70384 506-42-00 W87-70056 Communications Systems Research PROPULSION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 310-30-71 W87-70427 RADIATION COUNTERS Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology PULSE COMPRESSION Gamma Ray Astronomy 505-60-00 W87-70003 Advanced Scatterometry 180-4657 W87-70229 Propulsion and Power Research and Technology 161-1 0-08 W87-70193 ParticleAccelerator Facility Maintenanceand Operation 505-62-00 W87-70008 PULSEDLASERS of a Calibration Facility lor Magnetosphenc and Solar-TerrestrialExperiments Systems Analysis Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 505-69-00 W87-70027 505-61 -00 W87-70005 442-36-57 W87-70302

1-36 SUBJECT INDEX REDUCED GRAVITY

RADIATION DAMAGE RADIO ASTRONOMY Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization X-Gamma Neutron GammallnshumentDefinition Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Asteroids Mass Spectrometry (TlMS) Instrument for Remote 157-03-50 W87-70182 Using the VLA Planetary Analyses Optkxl Technology for Space Astronomy 196-41-51 W87-70238 157-03-40 W87-70181 188-41-23 W87-70223 The Search for Exiratenestrial Intelligence (SETI) Experiments Coordination and Mission Support Space Radiation Effects and Protection 199-5242 W87-70279 646-41-01 W87-70310 199-22-76 W87-70263 RADIO COMMUNICATION Satellite Switching and Processing Systems Rad0 Systems Development RADIATION DETECTORS 650-60-21 W67-70314 310-2066 W87-70423 X-Gamma Neutron Gamma/lnStNment Definition Design Definition lor a Planetary Thermal Infrared 157-03-50 W87-70182 RADIO EOUIPMENT Multispectral Scanner (PTIMS) RF Components for Satellite Communications 838-59-80 W87-70406 Gamma Ray Astronomy and Related Research Systems 18846.57 W87-70228 650-60-22 W87-70315 RATIOS RADIATION DISTRIBUTION RADIO FREQUENCIES Lidar Target Cabbration Facility 146-72-10 W87-70121 Space Radiation Effects and Protection Planetary Instrument Development Program/Planetary 199-22-76 W87-70263 Astronomy Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer Radiative Effects in Clouds First International Satellite 157-05-50 W87-70186 157-04-80 W87-70185 Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment Frequency and Timing Research RATS 672-22-99 W87-70334 310-1 0-62 W87-70415 Hematology, Immunology and Endocrinology Sounding Rocket Experiments Advanced Space Systems for Users of NASA 199-21-52 W87-70254 879-11-38 W87-70407 Networks Muscle Physiology RADIATION DOSAGE 31020-46 W87-70420 199-22-44 W87-70260 Radiobiology Antenna Systems Development RAWINSONDES 199-22-71 W87-70262 310-20-65 W87-70422 Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions Space Radiation Effects and Protection RADIO FREOUENCY INTERFERENCE 161-80-42 W87-70210 199-22-76 W67-70263 Network Signal Processing RAYLEIGH NUMBER 310.30-70 W87-70426 RADIATION EFFECTS Research in Astrophysics: Solar System. Turbulence Materials and Structure Research and Technology RADIO NAVIGATION 188-80-02 W87-70235 Radio Metric Technology Development 506-43-00 W87-70059 REACTION KINETICS 310-1 0-60 W87-70413 Chemical Kinetics of the Upper Atmosphere A Laboratory Investigation of the Formation, Properties Frequency and Timing Research 147-21-03 W87-70130 and Evolution 01 Presolar Grains W 87-704 15 310-10-62 W87-70415 Photochemistry of the Upper Atmosphere 152-12-40 W87-70150 Space Systems and Navigatkm Technology 147-22-01 W87-70131 Planetary Materials: Surface and Exposure Studies 310-10-63 W87-70416 Atmospheric Photochemistry 152-17-40 W87-70155 RADIO SOURCES (ASTRONOMY) 147-22-02 W87-70132 Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar Data Survey and Evaluation 154-40-60 W87-70162 Medium. Molecular Clouds, Star Formation 147-51-01 W87-70136 Radiobiology 18841-53 W87-70225 REACTION PRODUCTS 199-22-71 W87-70262 RADIO WAVES Pholochernistry of the Upper Atmosphere RADIATION HAZARDS Propagation Studies and Measurements 147-22-01 W87-70131 Radiobiology 643-10-03 W87-70307 Atmospheric Photochemistry 199-22-71 W87-70262 RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES 147-22-02 W87-70132 Space Radiatim Effects and Protection Planetary Materials: Geochronology REACTIVITY 199-22-76 W87-70263 152-14-40 W87-70153 Information Sciences Research and Technology RADIATION SHIELDING Planetary Materials: Surface and Exposure Studies 50645-00 W87-70076 Radiobiology 152-17-40 W87-70155 REAL TIME OPERATION 199-22-71 W87-70262 RADIOACTIVITY Information Sciences Research and Technology Space Radiation Effects and Protection Materials and Structures Research and Technology 505-65-00 W87-70014 199-22-76 W87-70263 506-4340 W87-70062 Radio Metric Technology Development RADIATION SOURCES RADIOBIOLOGY 310-10-60 W87-70413 Informatin Sciinces Research and Technology Radiobiology Frequency and Timing Research 506-45-00 W87-70073 199-22-71 W87-70262 310-1042 W87-70415 RADIATION SPECTRA Space Radiation Effects and Protection RECEIVERS Physical and Dynamical Models of the Climate on 199-22-76 W87-70263 Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment Mars RADIOMETERS 146-72-04 W87-70117 155-04-80 W87-70170 Microwave Temperature Profiler for the ER-2 Aircraft Planetary Instrument Development ProgramlPlanetary Experimental Cloud Analysis Techniques for Support of the StratosphericlTroposphericExchange Astronomy 672-22-06 W87-70333 Project 157-05-50 W87-70186 Radiative Effects in Clouds First International Satellite 147-14-07 W87-70127 Experiments Coordination and Mission Support Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment Millimeter/Submilli~terLaboratory Spectroscopy 646-41-01 W87-70310 672-22-99 W87-70334 147-23-10 W87-70135 RF Components for Satellite Communications Aerosol Fwmatin Models Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres Systems 672-31-02 W8 7- 70 3 3 5 154-40-80 W87-70162 650-60-22 W87-70315 Climate Modeling with Emphasis on Aerosols and Astronomy and Relativity Data Analysis GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional Clouds 188-41-21 W87-70222 Geodesy in the Caribbean 672-32-02 W87-70337 Experimental Cloud Analysis Techniques 676-59-31 W87-70369 RADIATIVE TRANSFER 672-22-06 W87-70333 GPS Positioning of a Marine Buoy for Plate Motion AMSU Research Studies Terrestrial Ecosystems Studies 146-72-05 W87-70118 677-21-24 W87-70376 676-59-45 W87-70372 Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres DevelopmentolGual Frequency and Multispectral Radar Program Development (GSFC) 154-4040 W87-70162 Mapper/Sounder 677-80-80 W87-70398 Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures 838-59-04 W87-70403 Radio Systems Development 154-40-80 W87-70163 RADIOSONDES 310-20-66 W87-70423 Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar Meteorological Parameters Extraction Network Signal Processing Medium. Molecular Clouds, Star Formation 146-66-01 W87-70111 310-30-70 W87-70426 18841-53 W87-70225 Analysis of Tropospbre-StratosphereExchange RECOMMENDATIONS Radiative Effects in Clouds First International Satellite 673-42-01 W87-70339 Human Factors Research and Technology Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment RAIN 506-47-00 W87-70084 672-22-99 W87-70334 Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies Research in Solar Vector Magnetic Fields Climate Modeling with Emphasis on Aerosols and 146-6642 W87-70112 188-36-52 W87-70220 Clouds Airborne Rain Mapping Radar System Standard Format Data Unit 672-32-02 W87-70337 146-6605 W87-70113 656-11-02 W87-70320 RADICALS RANGEFINDING RECORDS Atmospheric Photochemistry X-ray Astronomy International Halley Watch 147-22-02 W87-70132 188-46.59 W87-70230 156-02-02 W87-70173 Laboratory Study of Chemical and Physical Properties Very Long Baseline Interfermby (VLBI) Tracking of RECYCLING of Interstellar PAHs the Tracking and Data Relay Satellie (TORS) Bioregenerative Life Support Research (CELSS) 188-41-57 W87-70226 310-20-39 W87-70419 199-61-12 W87-70281 RADII Network Signal Processing RED ARCS Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Asteroids 310-30-70 W87-70426 Theoretical Studies and Calculation of Using the VLA RARE GASES Electron-MoleculeCollision Processes Relevant to Space Planetary Materials: Surface and Exposure Studies 1 196-41-51 W87-70238 Plasma Physics RADIO ALTIMETERS 152-1740 W87-70155 442-36-58 W87-70303 Developmentof Dual Frequency and Multispectral Radar RATES (PER TIME) REDUCED GRAVITY MapperISounder GIOTTO. Magneti Field Experiments Control of Flexible Structures Flight Experiment 838-59-04 W87-70403 156-03-05 W87-70177 542-06-00 W87-70104 I

1-37 REENTRY SUBJECT INDEX

Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets A Laboratory Investigation of the Formation. Properties Remote Sensing of Air-Sea Fluxes 151-02-63 W87-70144 and Evolution of Presolar Grains 161-80-15 W87-70205 Neurophysiology 152-12-40 W87-70150 Ocean Circulation and Satellite Altimetry 199-22-22 W87-70255 Glasses and Ceramics 161-80-38 W87-70207 Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) 674-26-08 W87-70357 Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature 199-22-92 W87-70264 REGENERATION (PHYSIOLOGY) 161-80-40 W87-70208 Gravity-Sensing Systems Lunar Base Controlled Ecological Life Support System Space Oceanography 199-40-12 W87-70269 199-61-11 W87-70280 161-80-43 W87-70211 Biological Adaptation Bioregenerative Life Support Research (CELSS) Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Asteroids 199-40-32 W87-70271 199-61-12 W87-70261 Using the VLA Eaended Data Base Analysis REGIONS 196-41-51 W87-70238 199-70-12 W87-70283 Mars Geology: Crustal Dichotomy and Crustal Biospheric Monitoring and Disease Prediction Electronic Materials. Vapor Growth and Low-g Gravity Evolution 199-30-32 W67-70265 Techniques 151-02-50 W87-70141 Biogeochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems 674-21-06 W87-70344 REGOLITH 199-30-72 W8 7 - 70 2 67 Electronic and Optical Materials Planetary geology Pilot Land Data System 674-21-08 W87-70345 151-01-20 W87-70139 656-13-50 W87-70323 Combustion Science Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes Pilot Land Data System (PLDS) 674-22-05 W87-70346 151-02-64 W87-70145 65613-50 W87-70324 Biotechnology Research Planetary Materials: Surface and Exposure Studies Forest Biomass 674-23-01 W87-70347 152-17-40 W87-70155 677-21-05 W87-70375 Biotechnology Lunar Base Controlled Ecological Life Support System Terrestrial Ecosystems 674-23-08 W87-70348 199-61-1 1 W87-70280 677-21-24 W87-70376 Metals and Alloys REGULATIONS Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of 674-25-08 W87-70353 Advanced Studies Forest Decline Damage High Temperature, Controlled Redox Studies 643-10-05 W87-70309 677-21-25 W87-70377 674-26-01 W87-70354 REJECTION Forest Evapotranspiration and Production Glasses and Ceramics Information Sciences Research and Technology 677-21-31 W67-70378 674-26-08 W87-70357 506-45-00 W87-70076 Interactions of Environment and Vegetation Microgravity Science Research Laboratory RELATIVITY Composition, Structure. and Function on a Major Tropical 674-27-05 W87-70358 Astronomy and Relativity Data Analysis Ecocline Ground Experiment Operations 188-41-21 W87-70222 677-21-33 W87-70380 674-28-05 W87-70359 Gravity Probe4 Biogeochemical Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems Ground Experiment Operations 188-7862 W87-70234 677-21-35 W87-70381 674-28-08 W87-70360 PACE Flight Experiments Remote Sensing Science Program Microgravity Science and Applications Program 674-24-06 W87-70350 677-24-01 W87-70385 support RELIABILITY MultispectralAnalysis of Ultramafic Terrains 674-29-04 W87-70361 Materials and Structures Research and Technology 677-41-29 W87-70386 Consulting and Program Support 505-63-00 W87-70009 Arid Lands Geobotany 674-29-08 W67-70362 Information Sciences Research and Technology 677-42-09 W87-70387 REENTRY 505-65-00 W87-70014 Tectonics of Western Basin and Range Space Adaptation Syndrome Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 677-43-21 W87-70388 199-12-51 W87-70248 506-46-00 W67-70081 Landforms in Polar Regions REENTRY VEHICLES Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility 677-43-22 W87-70389 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 188-78-46 W87-70232 Continental Accretion 506-46-00 W87-70079 Frequency and Timing Research 677-43-23 W87-70390 REFLECTANCE 310-10-62 W87-70415 Remote Sensing of Volcanic Features Lidar Target Calibration Facility Space Systems and Navigation Technology 677-43-25 W87-70392 146-72-10 W87-70121 310-10-63 W87-70416 Development of the Pressure Modulator Infrared Mars Exobiology Research Consortium Network Systems Technology Development Radiometer 155-20-80 W87-70172 310-20-33 W87-70417 838-59-03 W87-70402 Forest Biomass RELIABILITY ANALYSIS Development of Dual Frequencyand Multispectral Radar 677-21-05 W87-70375 Software Engineering Technology Mapper/Sounder Terrestrial Ecosystems 310-10-23 W87-70411 838-59-04 W87-70403 677-21-24 W87-70376 REMOTE CONTROL X-RaylGamma-Ray Facility Program Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of EOS High Rate Data System Testbed 838-59-50 W87-70405 Forest Decline Damage 656-25-01 W87-70326 REMOTE SENSORS 677-21-25 W87-70377 Mission Operations Technology InformationSciences Research and Technology Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 31 0-40-45 W87-70430 506-45-00 W87-70072 Microwave Pressure Sounder 677-21-32 W87-70379 REMOTE SENSING 146-72-01 W87-70114 REFLECTED WAVES Information Sciences Research and Technology 506-45-00 W87-70073 Gas Correlation Wind Sensor Remote Sensing Science Program Microwave Pressure Sounder 147-18-02 W87-70129 677-24-01 W87-70385 146-72-01 W87-70114 RENDEZVOUS REFLECTING TELESCOPES IR Remote Sensing of SST Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization Study of Large Deployable Reflector for Infrared and 146-72-03 W87-70116 Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote Submillimeter Astronomy Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment Planetary Analyses 159-41 -01 W67-70190 146-72-04 W87-70117 157-03-40 W87-70181 REFLECTION Atmospheric Dynamics and Radiation Science Support Study and Development of a Comet Nucleus Penetrator Ultrasound Detection of Bends 146-72-09 W87-70120 - Overguideline 199-11-34 W87-70246 Multi-Sensor Balloon Measurements 157-04-60 W87-70184 REFLECTORS 147-16-01 W87-70128 REPLACING Materials and Structure Research and Technology Gas Correlation Wind Sensor Space Flight Research and Technology 506-43-00 W87-70059 147-18-02 W87-70129 506-48-00 W87-70086 Information Sciences Research and Technology Interdisciplinary Science Support REPRODUCTION (BIOLOGY) 506-45-00 W87-70075 147-51-12 W87-70137 Developmental Biology Systems Analysis Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures 199-40-22 W87-70270 . 154-40-80 W87-70163 506-49-00 W87-70091 REQUIREMENTS Systems Analysis GIOTTO DIDSY Co-Investigator Support Information Sciences Research and Technology 506-49-00 W87-70094 156-03-07 W87-70178 506-45-00 W87-70074 X-Gamma Neutron Gammallnstrument Definition A Study of the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) for Advanced Studies 157-03-50 W87-70182 Astronomy Applications 643-10-05 W87-70308 159-41-01 W87-70189 Ocean Productivity RESCUE OPERATIONS 161-30-02 W87-70195 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Study of Large Deployable Reflector for Infrared and IR Remote Sensing of SST 505-66-00 W87-70017 Submillimeter Astronomy 161-30-03 W87-70196 159-41-01 W87-70190 Fluorescence of Marine Plankton Space Station Health Maintenance Facility Antenna Systems Development 161-30-05 W87-70197 199-11-31 W87-70245 310-20-65 W87-70422 Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice RESEARCH REFRACTIVITY 161-40-02 W87-70198 Interdisciplinary Technology TheoreticaIlNumericaIStudy of the Dynamics of Ocean NASA Ocean Data System (NODS) 505-90-00 W87-70029 Waves 161-40-1 0 W87-70200 Interdisciplinary Technology 161-80-37 W87-70206 Oceanic Remote Sensing Library 505-90-00 W87-70030 REFRACTORY MATERIALS 161-50-02 W67-70202 RESEARCH ANDDEVELOPMENT Materials and Structures Research and technology Analysis of Oceanic Productivity InformationSciences Research and Technology 505-63-00 W87-70012 16 1-50-07 W87-70204 506-45-00 W87-70074

1-38 SUBJECT INDEX SATELLITE NETWORKS

System Analysis RESONATORS Flight Systems Research and Technology 506-49.00 W87-70090 Far Infrared Balloon Radiometer lor OH 505-68-00 W87-70024 Systems Analysis 147-12-1 5 W87-701% Systems Analysis 506-49-00 W87-70091 RESOURCE ALLOCATION 505-69-00 W87-70026 A Study 01 the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) lor Planetary Materials: Collection. Presewatbn, and Advanced Rotorcraft Technology Astronomy Applications Distribution 532-06-00 W87-70033 159-41-01 W87-70189 152-20-40 W87-70157 Technology for Next Generation Rotorcraft Gravity Probe-B RETRIEVAL 532-09-00 W87-70034 188-78-62 W87-70234 Meteorological Parameters Extraction General AvialionlCommuler Engine Technology Mobile Communications Technology Development 146-66-01 W87-70111 535-05-00 W87-70043 650-60-15 W87-70312 RETROREFLECTORS ROTATION Space Communications Systems Antenna Technology Ballwn-Borne Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer Center for Star Formation Studies 650-60-20 W87-70313 147-11-07 W87-70124 RF Components for Satellite Communications Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer 188-48-52 W87-70231 Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) Systems 157-04-80 W87-70185 650-60-22 W87-70315 REUSABLE ROCKET ENGINES 199-22-92 W87-70264 Earth Structure and Geophysics Advanced Studies Propulsion Research and Technology 650-60-26 W87-70317 506-42-00 W87-70056 676-30-05 W67-70363 Workstation Research and Development REVISIONS Gravity Field Mission Studies 656-42-01 W87-70328 Space Flight Systems Research and Technology 676-59-10 W87-70368 ROTORSYSTEMSRESEARCHAIRCRAFT Optical Communication Technology Development 506-48-00 W87-70088 Technology lor Next Generation Rotorcraft 310-20-67 W87-70424 REYNOLDSNUMBER RESEARCH FACILITIES Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 532-09-00 W87-70034 ROTORS Space Data and Communications Research and 505-60-00 W87-7ooo3 Technology RHYTHM (BIOLOGY) Advanced Rotorcraft Technology 506-44-00 W87-70071 Biological Adaptation 532-06-00 W87-70033 RULES Space Flight Research and Technology 199-40-32 W87-70271 Standard Formalied Data Unit - CCSDS Panel 2 506-4500 W87.70086 RISK System Analysis Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 656-11-02 W87-70321 RUPTURING 506-49-00 W87-70090 505-6040 W87-7OOO1 Microwave Temperature Protiler lor the ER-2 Aircraft Systems Analysis Ceramics for Turbine Engines lor Support of the Slratospheric/Tropospheric Exchange 506-49-00 W87-70091 533-05-00 W87-70038 Project Systems Analysis 147-14-07 W87-70127 506-49-00 W87-70093 S NASA-Ames Research Center Vertical Gun Facility InterdisciplinaryTechnology 151-02-60 W87-70142 506-90-00 W87-70098 S-61 HELICOPTER General Operations and LaboratoryFacilities. Planetary InterdisciplinaryTechnology Technology for Next Generation Rotorcraft Materials 506-90-00 W87-70099 532-09-00 W87-70034 152-30-40 W87-70158 InterdisciplinaryTechnology SAFETY Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) 506-90-00 W87-70100 Human Factors Research and Technology 199-22-92 W87-70264 Space Station Health Maintenance Facility 506-47-00 W87-70083 Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) 199-11-31 W87-70245 Human Factors Research and Technology 199-80-32 W87-70266 RIVERS 506-47-00 W87-70084 Space Station Lie Sciences Landforms in Polar Regions SAMPLES 199.90-62 W87-70290 677-43-22 W87-70389 Planetary geology ParticleAccelerator Facility: Maintenance and Operation ROBOTICS 151-01 -20 W87-70139 Of a Calibration Facility for Magnetospheric and Automation and Robotis Technology Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization Solar-Terrestrial Experiments 549-01-00 W67-70105 Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote 442-36-57 W87-70302 Automation and Robotics Technology Planetary Analyses Experiments Cowdination and Mission Support 549-01-00 W87-70106 157-03-40 W87-70181 646-41-01 W87-70310 Automation and Robotics Technology SAMPLING Pilot Land Data System (PLDS) 549-01-00 W87-70107 Atmospheric Backscatter Experiment Automation and Robotics Technology 656-13-50 W87-70324 146-72-11 W87-70122 Biotechnology Research 549-01-00 W87-70108 SATELLITE ALTIMETRY 674-23-01 W87-70347 Automation and Robotics CurrentslTides from Altimetry RESEARCHMANAGEMENT 549-01-00 W87-70109 161-20-07 W87-70194 Systems Analysis Automation and Robotics Technology Ocean Circulation and Satellite Altimetry 505-69-00 W87-70025 549-01-00 W87-70110 161-80-36 W67-70207 Systems Analysis ROBOTS Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature 505-69-00 W87-70028 Automation and Robotics Technology 161-80-40 W87-70208 InterdisciplinaryTechnology 549-01-00 W87-70108 SATELLITE ANTENNAS 505-90-00 W67-70029 ROBUSTNESS (MATHEMATICS) Space Data and Communications Research and InterdisciplinaryTechnology Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Technology 505-90-00 W67-70030 506-46-00 W87-70080 506-44-00 W67-70065 InterdisciplinaryTechnology ROCKET ENGINES Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies 505-90-00 W87-70031 Propulsion Research and Technology 643-1041 W87-70306 InterdisciplinaryTechnology 506-42-00 W87-70055 SATELLITE ATMOSPHERES 505-90-00 W87-70032 ROCKET-BORNE INSTRUMENTS Planetary Instrument Definition and Development lnlormafion Sciences Research and Technology Sounding Rocket Experiments (Astronomy) Program - Titan Atmospheric Analysis 506-45-00 W87-70074 879-11-41 W87-70406 157-04-80 W87-70183 Information Sciences Research and Technology Sounding Rocket (Spartan) Experiments (High Energy Optical Astronomy 506-45-00 W87-70076 Astrophysics) 196-41-71 W67-70242 Human Factors Research and Technology 879-11-46 W87-70409 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION 506-47-00 W87-70084 ROCKS Soace Data and Communications Research and Space Flight Research and Technology Planetary Materials: Chemistry Technology 506-48-00 W67-70086 152-13-40 W87-70151 506-44-00 W87-70069 Space Flight Systems Research and Technology Planetary Materials: Geochronology SATELLITE IMAGERY 506-48-00 W87-70088 152-14-40 W87-70153 Ocean Productivity Systems Analysis Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafii Terrains 161-30-02 W87-70195 506-49-00 W87-70091 677-41-29 W87-70386 Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment DetaileelUpperAtmosphere Research Program Tectonics of Western Basin and Range 199-30-99 W87-70268 147-52-01 W67-70138 67743-21 W67-70388 Forest Biomass Grwnd-Based ObSeNatiOnS of the Sun Sources of Magnetic Anomaly Field 677-21-05 W87-70375 188-38-52 W87-70219 Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment RESOLUTION 677-45-03 W87-70393 ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT 677-21-32 W67-70379 Systems Analysis SATELLITE INSTRUMENTS 506-49-00 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology W87-70093 Laser Ranging Development Study Far Infrared Balloon Radiometer lor OH 505-61-00 W87-7ooo6 Propulsion and Power Research and Technology 676-59-32 W87-70370 147-12-15 W87-70126 Satellite Measurement of Land Surface Parameters lor Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer 505-62-00 W87-70008 Climate Studies 157-04-80 W87-70165 Materials and Structures Research and Technology 677-21-36 W87-70362 505-63-00 Ultrasound Detection of Bends W87-70011 SATELLITE NETWORKS 199-11-34 W87-70246 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Advanced Studies RESONANT FREOUENCIES 505-66-00 W87-70018 643-10-05 W87-70308 Glasses and Ceramics Human Factors Research and Technology Mobile Communications Technology Development 674-26-08 W87-70357 505-67-00 W87-70021 650-60-15 W87-70312

1-39 SATELLITE OBSERVATION SUBJECT INDEX

SATELLITE OBSERVATION Remote Sensing Science Program SEASURFACETEMPERATURE Planetary Lightning and Analysis of Voyager 677-24-01 W87-70385 Ocean Productivity Observations SATELLITES 161-30-02 W87-70195 154-90-80 W87-70168 Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization IR Remote Sensing of SST Examination of Chukchi Air-Sea-Ice Processes Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument lor Remote 161-30-03 W87-70196 161-40-30 W87-70201 Planetary Analyses Remote Sensing of Air-Sea Fluxes Satellite Monitoring of Air Pollution 157-03-40 W87-70181 161-80-15 W87-70205 17610-04 W87-70212 SATURN (PLANET) Studies of Sea Surlace Topography and Temperature Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics Atomic and Molecular Properties of Planetary 161-80-40 W87-70208 Experiments Atmospheric Constituents SEAS 445-1 1-36 W87-70304 154-50-80 W67-70164 Troposphenc Photochemical Modeling 17640-14 W87-70215 Experimental Cloud Analysis Techniques GAS UV Spectrometer 672-2248 W87-70333 154-60-80 W87-70165 SEASAT SATELLITES Satellite Measurement of Land Surface Parameters lor Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer Climate Studies IR 146-66-02 W87-70112 157-04-80 W87-70185 677-21-36 W87-70382 CurrentslTides from Altimetry Forest Dynamics Energetic Particles and Plasmas in the Magnetospheres 161-20-07 W87-70194 677-21-40 W87-70383 01 Jupiter and Saturn Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) 442-20-04 W87-70296 161-40-02 W87-70198 677-22-28 W87-70384 Development 01 the Pressure Modulator Infrared Remote Senang of Air-Sea Fluxes Remote Sensing Science Program Radiometer 161-60-15 W87-70205 677-24-01 W87-70385 838-59-03 W87-70402 TheoreticallNumencal Study of the Dynamics of Ocean Tectonics of Western Basin and Range SATURN ATMOSPHERE Waves 677-43-21 W87-70388 Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling 161-80-37 W87-70206 Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology . 154-90-80 W87-70169 Ocean Circulation and Satellite Altimetry Measurements Techniques SATURN RINGS 161-80-38 W87-70207 677-92-23 W87-70400 Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling Landforms in Polar Regions X-ray Astronomy 154-90-80 W87-70169 677-43-22 W87-70389 879-31-46 W87-70410 Energetic Parhcles and Plasmas in the Magnetospheres Topographic Profile Analysis SATELLITE ORBITS of Jupiter and Saturn 677-43-24 W87 70391 A Study of the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) lor 442-20-04 W87-70296 SECULAR VARIATIONS Astronomy Applications SCALARS Geopotential Fields (Magnetic) 159-41-01 W87-70189 Advanced Magnetometer 676-40-02 W87-70365 Earth Orbiter Tracking System Development 676-59-75 W87-70373 SEDIMENTS 310-10-61 W87-70414 SCALING LAWS Electronic and Optical Materials SATELLITE PERTURBATION Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 674-21-08 W87-70345 Studies 01 Sea Surface Topography and Temperature 506-41-00 W87-70047 SEGMENTS 161-80-40 W87-70208 SCANNERS Satellite Switching and Processing Systems SATELLITE SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION Bone Loss 650-60-21 W87-70314 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 199-22-34 W87-70258 SEISMIC WAVES 506-41-00 W87-70047 SCANNING Earth Structure and Geophysics Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Airborne Rain Mapping Radar System 676-30-05 W87-70363 506-41-00 W87-70048 146-66-05 W87-70113 SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS Space Energy Conversion Research and technology Advanced Scatterometry Space Data and Communications Research and 506-41-00 W87-70049 161-1 0-08 W87-70193 Technology Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology SCATHA SATELLITE 506-44-00 W87-70065 506-41-00 W87-70050 Space Plasma Data Analysis SEMICONDUCTORS (MATERIALS) Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 442-20-01 W87-70294 Space Data and Communications Research and 506-41-00 W87-70051 SCAlTERING Technology Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology GIOTTO - Ion Mass Spectrometer, Co-Investigator 506-44-00 W87-70065 506-41-00 W87-70052 support Electronic Materials. Vapor Growth and Low-g Gravity Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 156-03-03 W87-70175 Techniques 506-41-00 W87-70053 SCAlTERlNG COEFFICIENTS 674-21-06 W87-70344 SATELLITE SOUNDING Atmospheric Backscatter Experiment SENSITIVITY Meteorological Parameters Extraction 146-72-11 W87-70122 Balloon-Borne Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer 146-66-01 W87-70111 SCAlTEROMETERS 147-11-07 W87-70124 Development of the Pressure Modulator Infrared Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies Balloon Microwave Limb Sounder (BMLS) Stratospheric Radiometer 146-66-02 W87-70112 Measurements 838-59-03 W87-70402 Advanced Scatterometry 147-12-06 W87-70125 Developmentof Dual Frequency and Multispectral Radar 161-10.08 W87-70193 GIOTTO. Magnetic Field Experiments Mapper/Sounder TheoreticalINumericaIStudy of the Dynamics of Ocean 156-03-05 W87-70177 838-59-04 W87-70403 Waves Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer Sounding Rocket Experiments 161-80-37 W87-70206 157-04-80 W87-70185 879-11-38 W87-70407 Effects of a Large-Scale Wave-Field Component on Ultraviolet Detector Development SATELLITE SURFACES Scatlerometer-DerivedWinds 188-41-24 W87-70224 Planetary geology 161-80-41 W87-70209 Gamma Ray Astronomy and Related Research 151-01-20 W87-70139 Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions 188-46-57 W87-70228 Theoretical Studies 01 Planetary Bodies 161-80-42 W87-70210 X-ray Astronomy 151-0241 W87-70143 SCHEDULES 188-46-59 W87-70230 SATELLITE TELEVISION Systems Analysis Ultrasound Detection of Bends Life Sciences Education 506-4940 W87-70093 199-11-34 W87-70246 199-90-68 W87-70291 Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) SATELLITE TRACKING 643-10-01 W87-70305 199-52-62 W87-70279 Polar Motion and Earth Models SCHOOLS Superconducting Gravity Gradiometer 676-30-44 W87-70364 Life Sciences Education 676-59-33 W87-70371 Gravity Field and Geoid 199-9068 W87-70291 SENSORIMOTOR PERFORMANCE 676-40-10 W87-70366 SCIENTISTS Space Adaptation Syndrome Earth Orbiter Tracking System Development Atmospheric Dynamics and Radiation Science Support 199-12-51 W87-70248 310-10-61 W87-70414 146-72-09 W87-70120 SEPARATED FLOW Very Long Baseline Interlerometry (VLBI) Tracking of SEA ICE Flight Systems Research and Technology the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice 505-68-00 W87-70022 310-20-39 W87-70419 161-40-02 W87-70198 High-PerformanceFlight Research Advanced Space Systems for Users of NASA Examination of Chukchi Air-Sea-Ice Processes 533-02-00 W87-70035 Networks 161-40-30 W87-70201 SEQUENCING 310-20-46 W87-70420 SEA LEVEL Satellite Switching and Processing Systems Optical Communication Technology Development Large-ScaleAir-Sea Interactions 650-60-21 W87-70314 310-2047 W87-70424 161-80-42 W87-70210 SERVICE LIFE SATELLITE-BORNE INSTRUMENTS Interactions of Environment and Vegetation Materials and Structures Research and Technology Advanced Scatterometry Composition. Structure, and Function on a Major Tropical 505-63-00 W87-70011 161-10-08 W87-70193 Ecocline General AviationlCommuIer Engine Technology Remote Sensing of Air-Sea Fluxes 677-21-33 W87-70380 535-05-00 W87-70043 161-80-15 W87-70205 SEA STATES SERVICES Analysis 01 Troposphere-StratosphereExchange Ocean Circulation and Satellite Altimetry Systems Analysis 673-42-01 W87-70339 161-80-38 W87-70207 506-49-00 W87-70096 Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature Oceanic Remote Sensing Library 677-22-28 W87-70384 161-80-40 W87-70208 161-50-02 W87-70202

1-40 SUBJECT INDEX SOLAR ORBITS

Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies NASA-Ames Research Center Vertical Gun Facility Forest Evapotranspirationand Production 643-10-01 W87-70305 151-02-60 W87-70142 677-21-31 W87-70378 Standard Format Data Unit DSN Monitor and Control Technology Arid Lands Geobotany 65611-02 W87-70320 31 0-30-68 W87-70425 677-4249 W87-70387 High Temperature, Controlled Redox Studies SINGLE CRYSTALS SOLAR ACTIVITY Electronic and Optical Materials 674-2641 W87-70354 Advanced Mission Study Solar X-Ray Pinhole Occulter SEXTANTS 674-21-08 W87-70345 Facility (POF) Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware SINKS 159-38-03 W87-70188 Tropical Ecosystem Research 188-38-51 W87-70218 SOLAR ARRAYS SHEAR STRESS 199-30-62 W87-70266 SITES Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies Forest Evapotranspirationand Production 506-4100 W87-70048 146-66-02 W87-70112 677-21-31 W87-70378 Space Energy Conversion Research and technology TheoreticallNumericeI Study of the Dynamics of Ocean SIZE DISTRIBUTION 50641-00 W87-70049 Waves GIOlTO DlDSY Co-InvestigatorSupport SOLAR ATMOSPHERE 161-80-37 W87-70206 156-03-07 W87-70178 Structure and Evolution of Solar Magnetic Fields SHOCK WAVES Ultrasound Detection of Bends 188-38-53 W87-70221 GIOTTO - Ion Mass Spectrometer. Co-Investigator 199-11-34 W87-70246 SOLAR CELLS support Radiake Effects in Clouds First International Satellite Space Energy Conversion Research and technology 15603-03 W87-70175 Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment 506-41-00 W87-70049 GIO'KO, Magnetic Field Experiments 672-22-99 W87-70334 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 156-03-05 W87-70177 SLEWING 506-4 1-00 W87-70050 Modeling Coronal Structure and Energetics Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 188-38-01 W87-70217 506-4600 W87-70081 506-41-00 W87-70053 Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar SLIPSTREAMS SOLAR CORONA Medium. Molecular Clouds, Star Formation Advanced Turboprop Systems Advanced Mission Study Solar X-Ray Pinhole Occulter 188-41-53 W87-70225 535-0300 W87-70041 Facility (POF) SHOPS SLOPES 159-38-03 W87-70188 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Eflects of a Large-Scala Wave-Field Component on Modeling Coronal Structure and Energetics 505-66-00 W87-70017 Scatterometar-DerivedWinds 188-3841 W87-70217 SHORT TAKEOFF AIRCRAFT 161-80-41 W87-70209 Fliaht Svstems Research and Technoloav Continental Accretion Sounding Rocket Experiments I_ 505&-00. W87-70023 677-43-23 W87-70390 879-11-38 W87-70407 SHUlTLE IMAGING RADAR SMOKE SOLAR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice Satellite Monitoring of Air Pollution Radiobiology 161-4642 W87-70198 176-10-04 W87-70212 199-22-7 t W87-70262 EOS High Rate Data System Testbed SOFWARE ENGINEERING SOLAR CYCLES 656-2541 W87-70326 Information Sciences Research and Technology Structure and Evolution of Solar Magnetic Fields Landforms in Polar Regions 505-6500 W87-70014 188-38-53 W87-70221 677-43-22 W87-70389 Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) SOLAR DIAMETER SIMLOBE REDUCTION 536-01-00 W87-70044 Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies Space Data and Communications Research and 188-38-51 W87-70218 643-1041 W87-70306 Technology SOLAR ENERGY SIGNAL PROCESSING 506-4400 W87-70066 Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Space Data and Communications Research and 154-20-80 W87-70160 199-52-62 W87-70279 Technology SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION HlRlS Data Processor 506-4400 W87-70071 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 656-62-02 W87-70330 Information Sciences Research and Technology 506-41 -00 W87-70048 Network Signal Processing 506-45-00 W87-70078 SOLAR FLARES 310-30-70 W87-70426 InterdisciplinaryTechnology Advanced Mission Study Solar X-Ray Pinhole Occulter SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIOS 506-90-00 W87-70101 Facility (PO0 Advanced Scatterometry Pilot Land Data System (PLDS) 159-38-03 W87-70188 161-1 048 W87-70193 656-13-50 W87-70324 Radiobiology Communications Systems Research Workstation Research and Development 199-22-7 t W87-70262 310-30-71 W87-70427 656-42-01 W87-70328 SOLARGENERATORS SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS HlRlS Data Processor Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Space Adaptation Syndrome 65662-02 W87-70330 506-41-00 W87-70047 199-12-51 W87-70248 Gravity Field and Geoid Space Energy Conversion Research and technology SILICATES 676-40-10 W87-70366 506-41-00 W87-70049 Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization GPS Positioning of a Marine Buoy for Plate Motion Space Energy Conversiori Research and Technology Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote Studies 506-41-00 W87-70050 Planetaly Analyses 676-59-45 W87-70372 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 15743.40 W87-70181 Software EngineeringTechnology 506-4 1-00 W87-70051 SILICON CARBIDES 310-10-23 W87-70411 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Materials and Structures Research and Technology Mission Operations Technology 506-41-00 W87-70052 505-63-00 W87-70010 310-40-45 W87-70430 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology SILICON NITRIDES Systems Engineering and Management Technology 506-41-00 W87-70053 Materials and Structures Research and Technology 310-40-49 W87-70432 SOLAR INSTRUMENTS 505-63-00 W87-70010 SOFTWARE TOOLS Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware SIMULATION InformationSciences Research and Technology 188-38-51 W87-70218 Flight Systems Research and Technology 505-6500 W87-70014 SOLAR MAGNETIC FIELD 505-6800 W87-70023 Information Sciences Research and Technology Solar and Helospheric Physics Data Analysis Flight Systems Research and Technology 506-45-00 W87-70077 188-3841 W87-70216 505-68-00 W87-70024 Information Sciences Research and Technology Modeling Coronal Structure and Energetics Materials and Structures Research and Technology 506-45-00 W87-70078 188-3841 W87-70217 506-43-00 W87-70064 MPP MaintenancelOperations Ground-Based Observations of the Sun System Analysis 656-13-25 W87-70322 188-38-52 W87-70219 506-4900 W87-70090 NASA Climate Data System Research in Solar Vector Magnetic Fields Systems Analysis 65631-05 W87-70327 188-38-52 W87-70220 50649-00 W87-70094 Software EngineeringTechnology Structure and Evolution of Solar Magnetic Fields Aerosol Formation Models 310-10-23 W87-70411 188-38-53 W87-70221 672-3142 W87-70335 Network Hardware and Software Development Tools SOLAR MAXIMUM MISSION Stratospheric Chemistry and Transport 310-40-72 W87-70433 Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware 673-64-04 W87-70343 SOIL MECHANICS 188-38-51 W87-70218 Gravity Field and Geoid PACE Flight Experiments Ground-Based Observations of the Sun 676-40-10 W87-70366 674-24-06 W87-70350 188-38-52 W87-70219 Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - Global SOIL MOISTURE SOLAR OBSERVATORIES Simulations Extensions and Testing of the Hydrologic Solar Dynamics ObservatorylSolar Oscillations Imager 677-92-24 W87-70401 Parameterizationin the GlSS Atmospheric GCM 159-38-01 W87-70187 SIMULATORS 672-31-12 W87-70336 SOLAR OPTICAL TELESCOPE Human Factors Research and Technology Satellite Measurement of Land Surface Parameters for Structure and Evolution of Solar Magnetic Fields 505-6700 W87-70019 Climate Studies 188-38-53 W87-70221 Human Factm Research and Technology 677-21-36 W87-70382 SOLAR ORBITS 506-47-00 W87-70083 SOILS Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic Automation and Robotis Technology Tropical Ecosystem Research Planetary Detectii 5494100 W87-70110 199-30-62 W87-70266 196-41-54 W87-70239

1-41 SOLAR OSCILLATIONS SUBJECT INDEX

SOLAR OSCILLATIONS Ground-Based Observations of the Sun SPACE COMMUNICATION Solar Dynamics ObstwvatorylSolar Oscillations Imager 188-38-52 W87-70219 Space Data and Communications Research and 159-3841 W87-70187 Magnetospheric Physics - Particles and Particlef Field Technology SOLAR PHYSICS Interaction 506-44-00 W87-70066 Solar and Heliospheric Physics Data Analysis 442-36-55 W87-70299 Space Data Communications Research and 188-38-01 W87-70216 SOLAR X-RAYS technology Research in Solar Vector Magnetic Fields X-Gamma Neutron Gammallnstrument Definition 506-44-00 W87-70068 188-38-52 W87-70220 157-03-50 W87-70182 Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies SOLAR PROBES Advanced Mission Study Solar X-Ray Pinhole Occulter 643-10-01 W87-70305 Materials and Structures Research and Technology Facility (POF) Propagation Studies and Measurements 506-4300 W87-70062 159-38-03 W87-70188 643-10-03 W87-70307 SOLAR PROMINENCES Advanced Studies SOLAR-PUMPED LASERS Modeling Coronal Structure and Energetics 643-10-05 W87-70309 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 188-38-01 W87-70217 Space Communications Systems Antenna Technology 506-41-00 W87-70047 SOLAR RADIATION 650-60-20 W87-70313 Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware SOLID LUBRICANTS Communications Systems Research 188-38-51 W87-70218 Materials and Structures Research and Technology 310-30-71 W87-70427 Space Radiation Effects and Protection 506-43-00 W87-70063 SPACE ENVIRONMENT SIMULATION 199-22-76 W87-70263 SOLID STATE Microgravity Science Research Laboratory SOLAR SAILS Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 674-27-05 W87-70358 Propulsion Research and Technology 506-46-00 W87-70080 SPACE EXPLORATION 506-4200 W87-70054 In-flight Diagnostic Sensors Controls and Guidance Research and Technology SOLAR SPECTRA 199-11 -34 W87-70247 506-46-00 W87-70079 Advanced Mission Study Solar X-Ray Pinhole Occulter SOLID STATE DEVICES Multi-Dimensional Model Studies of the Mars Facility (POF) Information Sciences Research and Technology Ionosphere 159-38-03 W87-70188 506-45-00 W87-70072 154-60-80 W87-70167 Chemistry of Stratosphere X-Gamma Neutron Gammallnstrument Definition Planetary Data System and Coordination 673-6244 W87-70342 157-03-50 W87-70162 155-20-70 W87-70171 SOLAR STORMS Radio Systems Development X-Gamma Neutron Gammallnstrument Definition Radiobiology 31 0-20-66 W87-70423 157-03-50 W87-70182 199-22-71 W87-70262 Planetary Instrument Definition and Development SOLID STATE LASERS SOLAR SYSTEM Program Titan Atmospheric Analysis Information Sciences Research and Technology - Theoretical Studies of Planetary Bodies 157-04-80 W87-70183 506-45-00 W87-70073 151-02-61 W87-70143 Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer Formation. Evolution, and Stability of Protostellar SOLIDIFICATION 157-04-80 W87-70185 Disks Electronic and Optical Materials Planetary Instrument Development ProgramIPlanetary 15142-65 W87-70148 674-21-08 W87-70345 Astronomy Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology Metals and Alloys 157-05-50 W87-70186 152-12-40 W87-70149 674-25-05 W87-70352 Detection of Other Planetary Systems Planetary Materials: Chemistry SOLUBILITY 196-41-68 W87-70241 152-1340 W87-70151 Glasses and Ceramics Solar System Exploration Planetary Materials-CarbonaceousMeteorites 674-26-05 W87-70356 199-52-52 W87-70278 152-1340 W87-70152 SOUND FIELDS Lunar Base Controlled Ecological Life Support System Planetary Materials: Geochronology Glasses and Ceramics 199-61-11 W87-70280 152-14-40 W87-70153 674-26-08 W87-70357 Data Analysis . Exobiology in Solar System Planetary Materials: Isotope Studies SOUNDING Exploration 152-1 5-40 W87-70154 Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions 199-70-22 W87-70284 Planetary Materials: Surface and Ewposure Studies 161-80-42 W87-70210 Development of the Pressure Modulator Infrared 152-17-40 W87-70155 SOUNDING ROCKETS Radiometer Early Crustal Genesis Space Plasma SRT 838-59-03 W87-70402 152-1 9-40 W87-70156 442-36-55 W87-70298 IR Mapper Astronomy and Relativity Data Analysis ParticleAccelerator Facility: Maintenance and Operation 838-59-06 W87-70404 188-41-21 W87-70222 of a Calibration Facility for Magnetospheric and X-RaylGamma-Ray Facili Program Research in Astrophysics: Solar System, Turbulence Solar-Terrestrial Experiments 838-59-50 W87-70405 188-80-02 W87-70235 442-36-57 W87-70302 SPACE FLIGHT Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics Human Factors Research and Technology Planetary Detection Experiments 506-47-00 W87-70084 19641-54 W87-70239 445-1 1-36 W87-70304 Space Flight Research and Technology Optical Astronomy Sounding Rocket Experiments 506-48-00 W87-70085 196-41-71 W87-70242 879-11-38 W87-70407 Space Flight Research and Technology Cosmic Evolution of Biogenic Compounds Sounding Rocket Experiments (Astronomy) 506-48-00 W87-70086 199-52-12 W87-70272 879-11-41 W87-70408 Space Flight Research and Technology Characteristics of Volatiles in Interplanetary Dust Sounding Rocket (Spartan) Experiments (High Energy 506-48-00 W87-70087 Particles Astrophysics) Space Flight Systems Research and Technology 199-52-31 W87-70275 879-11-46 W87-70409 506-4840 W87-70088 Evolution of Advanced Life X-ray Astronomy Planetary Instrument Development ProgramIPlanetary 199-5262 W87-70277 879-31-46 W87-70410 Astronomy Solar System Exploration SOUTH CAROLINA 157-05-50 W87-70186 199-52-52 W87-70278 Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains Space Adaptation Syndrome Data Analysis ~ Exobiology in Solar System 677-41-29 W87-70386 199-12-51 W87-70248 Exploration SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Cardiovascular Research (JSC) 199-70-22 W87-70284 GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional 199-21-1 1 W87-70251 Advanced Transmined Systems Development Geodesy in the Caribbean Cardiovascular Physiology 310-20-64 W87-70421 676-59-31 W87-70369 199-21-1 2 W87-70252 SOLAR TERRESTRIAL INTERACTIONS SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology. ParticleAccelerator Facility: Maintenance and Operation Atmospheric Backscaner Experiment Endocrinology. and Nutrition) of a Calibration Facility for Magnetospheric and 146-72-11 W87-70122 199-21-51 W87-70253 Solar-Terrestrial Experiments SPACE ADAPTATION SYNDROME Bone Physiology 442-38-57 W87-70302 Lonaitudinal Studies (Medical Omrations Lonaitudinal 199-22-31 W87-70256 SOLAR VELOCITY Studies) Bone Loss Ground-BasedObservations of the Sun 199-11-21 W87-70244. .- 199-22-34 W87-702% 188-38-52 W87-70219 Space Adaptation Syndrome Muscle Physiology SOUR WIND 199-12-51 W87-70248 199-22-42 W87-70259 Planetary Materials: Surface and Exposure Studies Cardiovascular Research (JSC) 152-17-40 W87-70155 Space Radiation Effects and Protection 199-21-11 W87-70251 199-22-76 W87-70263 GIOTTO ~ Ion Mass Spectrometer. Culnvestigator Endocnnology and Physiological Control (Hematology. Gravity-SensingSystems support Endocnnology, and Nutntion) 199-40-12 W87-70269 156-03-03 W87-70175 199-21-51 W87-70253 GIOTTO, Magnetic Field Experiments Neurophywology DevelopmentalBiology 156-03-05 W87-70177 199-22-22 W87-70255 199-40-22 W87-70270 Solar and Heliospheric Physics Data Analysis Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) Biological Adaptation 188-38-01 W87-70216 19980-32 W87-70286 199-40-32 W87-70271 Modeling Coronal Structure and Energetics SPACEBASEDRADAR Extended Data Base Analysis 188-38-01 W87-70217 New Techniques for Quantitative Analysis of SAR 199-70-12 W87-70283 Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware Images Superconducting Gravity Gradiometer 188-38-51 W87-70218 677-46-02 W87-70395 676-59-33 W87-70371 1-42 SUBJECT INDEX SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENTS

SPACE INFRARED TELESCOPE FACILITY Theoretical Studies and Calculation of SPACE STATION POWER SUPPLIES Inlormation Sciences Research and Technology Electron-MoleculeCollision Processes Relevant to Space Systems Analysis 506-4540 W87-70075 Plasma Physics 506-49-00 W87-70095 Systems Analysis 442-36-58 W87-70303 SPACE STATIONS 506-49-00 W87-70094 Sounding Rocket Experiments (Astronomy) Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Development of Space Infrared Telescope Facility 879-11-41 W87-70408 506-41-00 W87-70052 (SIRTF) SPACE PLATFORMS Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 159-41-06 W87-70191 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 506-46-00 W87-70082 SPACE LABORATORIES 506-4MM W87-70079 Control of Flexible Structures Flight Experiment Medical Information Management System (MIMS) Systems Analysis 542-0640 W87-70104 (Computer Aided Diagnostic with Mathematical Model) 506-49-00 W87-70092 Automation and Robotics Technology 199-70-33 W87-70285 Automation and Robotics Technology 549-01-00 W87-70105 54941-00 W87-70110 Space Station Life Sciences Automation and Robotics Technology Experiments Coordination and Mission Support 199-90-62 W87-70290 549-01-00 W87-70108 646-41-01 W87-70310 Automation and Robotics Technology SPACE MAINTENANCE Climate Modeling with Emphasis on Aerosols and 549-01-00 W87-70110 Automation and Robotics Technology Clouds SPACE STORAGE 549-01-00 W87-70107 872-3242 W87-70337 Information Sciences Research and Technology Automation and Robotics Techlogy Mesospheric Theory 506-45-00 W87-70075 549-01-00 W87-70108 67361-02 W87-70340 SPACE SUITS Automation and Robotis Advanced Space Systems for Users of NASA Human Factors Research and Technology 549-01-00 W87-70109 Networks 506-47-00 W87-70083 Automation and Robotics Technology 310-20-46 W87-70420 SPACE SURVEILLANCE (GROUND BASED) 549-01-00 W87-70110 SPACE POWER REACTORS Planetary Atmospheric Composition, Structure, and Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology History 188-78-46 W87-70232 506-41-00 W87-70051 154-10-80 W87-70159 SPACE MANUFACTURING Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Aeronomy Theory and AnalysislComet Models Automation and Robotics Technology 506-41-00 W87-70053 154-60-80 W87-70166 549-01-00 W87-70108 SPACE PROBES SPACE TRANSPORTATION Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer Automation and Robotics Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 157-04-80 W87-70185 549-01-00 W87-70109 506-4640 W87-70081 SPACE PROCESSING System Analysis Automation and Robotics Technology Combustion Science 506-49-00 W87-70097 549-01-00 W87-70110 674-2245 W87-70346 SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Metals and Alloys Biotechnology Propulsion Research and Technology 674-25-04 W87-70351 674-2348 W87-70348 506-42-00 W87-70055 SPACE MISSIONS Glasses and Ceramics Materials and Structures Reasearch and Technology Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 674-2606 W87-70357 506-43-00 W87-70058 506-41-00 W87-70047 SPACE PROGRAMS Materials and structures Research and Technology Human Factors Research and Technology Systems Analysis 506-43-00 W87-70064 506-47-00 W87-70083 506-49-00 W87-70096 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology InterdisciplinaryTechnology RF Components for Satellite Communications 506-46-00 W87-70079 506-90-00 W87-70098 Systems Space Flight Research and Technology InterdisciplinaryTechnology 650-60-22 W87-70315 506-48-00 W87-70085 506-90-00 W87-70099 SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINE Space Flight Research and Technology InterdisciplinaryTechnology Advanced Earth-to-Orbit Systems Technology 506-48-00 W87-70086 506-90-00 W87-70100 525-02-00 W87-70102 Space Fliht Systems Research and Technology Interdisciplinary Technology Advanced Earth-To-OrbitSystems Technology 506-48-00 W87-70088 506-90-00 W87-70101 525-02-00 W87-70103 System Analysis Planetary geology SPACE SHUTTLE MISSIONS 506-49-00 W87-70090 151-01-20 W87-70139 Radiobiology Gravity Field Mission Studies Planetary Data System and Coordination 199-22-71 W87-70262 676-59-10 W87-70368 155-20-70 W87-70171 Microgravity Science Research Laboratory Advanced Space Systems for Users of NASA Structure and Evolution of Solar Magnetic Fields 674-27-05 W87-70358 Networks 188-38-53 W87-70221 SPACE SHUTTLE ORBITERS 310-20-46 W87-70420 Planetary Data System Materials and Structures Research and Technology SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FLIGHTS 656-8041 W87-70331 506-43-00 W87-70062 Gravity Probe-B tR Mapper Space Flight Research and Technology 188-78-62 W87-70234 838-59-06 W87-70404 506-48-00 W87-70086 Space Adaptation Syndrome X-RaylGamma-Ray Facility Program SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOADS 199-12-51 W87-70248 838-59-50 W87-70405 Systems Analysis Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics SPACE NAVIGATION 506-49-00 W87-70095 Experiments Controls and Guidance Research and Technology GAS UV Spectrometer 445-11-36 W87-70304 506-46-00 W87-70079 154-6040 W87-70165 Gravity Field Mission Studies GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware 676-59-10 W87-70368 Geodesy in the Caribbean 188-38-51 W87-70218 Superconducting Gravity Gradiometer 676-59-31 W87-70369 Ultraviolet Detector Development 676-5943 W87-70371 Laser Ranging Development Study 188-41-24 W07-70224 Sounding Rocket Experiments 676-59-32 W87-70370 Space Plasma SRT 879-11-38 W87-70407 Radio Metric Technology Development 442-36-55 W87-70298 SPACEBORNEASTRONOMY 31 0-10-60 W87-70413 Planetary Atmospheric Composition. Structure, and Microgravity Science Research Laboratory Frequency and Timing Research History 674-27-05 W87-70358 310-10-62 W87-70415 154-10-80 W87-70159 Space Systems and Navigation Technology Gravity Field Mission Studies Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) 310-10-63 W87-70416 676-59-10 W87-70368 159-46-01 W87-70192 SPACE OBSERVATIONS (FROM EARTH) SPACESHUTTLES Optiial Technology for Space Astronomy Ring Dynamics and Morphology Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology 188-41-23 W87-70223 151-0267 W87-70147 506-40-00 W87-70046 Ultraviolet Detector Development SPACE PLASMAS Space Flight Research and Technology 188-41-24 W87-70224 GIOTO. Magnetic Field Experiments 506-48-00 W87-70085 X-ray Astronomy 156-03-05 W87-70177 Space Fliht Systems Research and Technology 079-3146 W87-70410 Space Plasma Data Analysis 506-48-00 W87-70088 SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENTS 442-20-01 W87-70294 Advanced Earth-toarbit Systems Technology Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres Data Analysis - *ace Plasma Physics 525-02-00 W87-70102 154-40-80 W87-70162 442-20-02 W87-70295 Advanced Earth-To-Orbit Systems Technology Space Oceanography Particles and Particle/FieldInteractions 525-02-00 W87-70103 181-80-43 W87-70211 442-38-55 W87-70297 Ground-Based Observations of the Sun Automation and Robotics Technology Space Plasma SRT 188-38-52 W87-70219 549-01-00 W87-70106 442-38-55 W87-70298 Gamma Ray Astronomy and Related Research Quantitative Modelling Of the Space Station Health Maintenance Facility 188-46-57 W87-70228 Magnetospherellonosphere Interaction Including Neutral 199-11-31 W87-70245 Cardiovascular Physiology Winds Gravity Field Mission Studies 199-21-12 W87-70252 442-36-55 W87-70300 676-59-10 W87-70368 Developmental Biology Particle and ParticWPhoton Interactions (Atmospheric SPACE SIMULATORS 199-40-22 W87-70270 Magnetospheric Coupling) Materials and Structures Research and Technology Extended Data Base Analysis 442-3658 W87-70301 506-43-00 W87-70064 199-70-12 W87-70283

1-43 SPACEBORNE TELESCOPES SUBJECT INDEX

Advanced Technology Development - Future Life Magnolia/ Magnetic Field Explorer Vibroacoustic Habitability/Productivity Sciences Flight Experiments 67659-80 W87-70374 199-13-40 W87-70249 199-80-82 W87-70288 SPACECRAFT ENVIRONMENTS Cardiovascular Research (JSC) ATD Near Term Flight Hardware Definition Materials and Structures Research and Technology 199-21-11 W87-70251 199-80-92 W87-70289 506-43-00 W87-70060 Cardiovascular Physiology W8 7 70 52 Space Station Life Sciences Spacecraft Environmental Factors 199-21-1 2 - 2 199-90-62 W87-70290 199-13-41 W87-70250 Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology. Endocrinology. and Nutrition) ParticleAccelerator Facility: Maintenance and Operation SPACECRAFT EOUIPMENT 199.21 -51 W8 7.7 02 53 of a Calibration Facility for Magnetospheric and ATD Near Term Flight Hardware Definition Hematology. Immunology and Endocrinology Solar-TerrestrialExperiments 199-80-92 W87-70289 442-36-57 W87-70302 199-21-52 W87-70254 Optical Communication Technology Development Bone Physiology Electronic Materials, Vapor Growth and Low-g Gravity 310-20-67 W87-70424 Techniques 199-22-31 W87-70256 674-21-06 W87-70344 SPACECRAFT GUIDANCE Bone Loss Combustion Science Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 199-22-34 W87-70258 506-46-00 W87-70079 674-22-05 W87-70346 Muscle Physiology Fluid Dynamics and Transport Phenomena SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTS 199-22-42 W87-70259 674-24-05 W87-70349 Gas Correlation Wind Sensor Crew Productivity PACE Flight Experiments 147-18-02 W87-70129 199-22-62 W87-70261 674-24-06 W87-70350 Advanced CCD Camera Development Radiobiology Microgravity Science Research Laboratory 157-01-70 W87-70179 199-22-71 W87-70262 674-27-05 W87-70358 Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization SPACELAB Sounding Rocket Experiments Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote Advanced Mission Study Solar X-Ray Pinhole Occulter 879-11-38 W87-70407 Planetary Analyses Facility (POF) Sounding Rocket Experiments (Astronomy) 157-03-40 W87-70181 159-38-03 W87-70188 879-11-41 W87-70408 Planetary Instrument Definition and Development SPACELAB PAYLOADS Sounding Rocket (Spartan) Expenments (High Energy Program - Titan Atmospheric Analysis Developmental Biology Astrophysics) 157-04-80 W87-70183 199-40-22 W87-70270 879-11-46 W87-70409 Advanced Technology Development - Future Life SPARK CHAMBERS SPACEBORNE TELESCOPES Sciences Flight Experiments Gamma Ray Astronomy A Study of the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) for 199-80-82 W87-70288 188-46-57 W8 7- 70 2 2 9 Astronomy Applications Arid Lands Geobotany SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION 159-41-01 W87-70189 677-42-09 W87-70387 GIOTTO DlDSY Co-Investigator Support Study of Large Deployable Reflector for Infrared and Development of Dual Frequency and MultispectralRadar 15603-07 W87-70178 Submillimeter Astronomy MapperlSounder Infrared Imaging of Comets 159-41-01 W87-70190 838-59-04 W87-70403 196-41-30 W87-70236 Optical Technology for Space Astronomy SPACECRAFT POWER SUPPLIES Biospheric Monitoring and Disease Prediction 188-41-23 W87-70223 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 199-30-32 W87-70265 Ultraviolet Detector Development 506-41-00 W87-70047 SPATIAL RESOLUTION 188-41-24 W87-70224 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Planetary Materials: Isotope Studies SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATION 506-4 1-00 W87-70048 152-15-40 W87-70154 Systems Analysis Space Energy Conversion Research and technology GAS UV Spectrometer 506-49-00 W87-70095 506-41-00 W87-70049 154-60-80 W87-70165 Applications Experiments Program Support Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Development 01 Solar Experiments and Hardware 646-41-02 W87-70311 506-41-00 W87-70050 188-38-51 W87-70218 RF Components for Satellite Communications Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic Systems 506-41-00 W87-70051 Planetary Detection 650-60-22 W87-70315 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 19641-54 W87-70239 Communications Laboratory for Transponder 50641-00 W87-70052 SPECIFIC HEAT Development Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Metals and Alloys 650-60-23 W87-70316 506-41-00 W87-70053 674-25-04 W87-70351 ACTSlLaser Communications Experiment: Laser SPACECRAFT PROPULSION SPECIFICATIONS Intersatellite Communications Proof-of-Concept (POC) Propulsion Research and Technology Information Sciences Research and Technology Development 506-42-00 W87-70054 505-65-00 W87-70014 650-60-26 W87-70318 Propulsion Research and Technology AMSU Research Studies Radio Systems Development 506-42-00 W87-70055 146-72-05 W87-70118 310-20-66 W87-70423 Propulsion Research and Technology Satellite Monitoring of Air Pollution SPACECRAFT CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 506-42-00 W87-70056 176-10-04 W87-70212 Materials and Structures Research and Technology Matenals and Structures Research and Technology Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies 505-63-00 W87-70010 506-43-00 W87-70063 643-10-01 W87-70306 Propulsion Research and Technology SPACECRAFT SHIELDING Propagation Studies and Measurements 506-42-00 W87-70055 Radiobiology 643-10-03 W67-70307 Materials and Structures Reasearch and Technology 199-22-71 W8 7 - 70 2 6 2 Advanced Studies 506-43-00 W87-70058 Space Radiation Effects and Protection 643-10-05 W87-70309 Materials and Structure Research and Technology 199-22-76 W87-70263 Standard Format Data Unit 506-43-00 W87-70059 SPACECRAFTSTRUCTURES 656-11-02 W87-70320 Materials and Structures Research and Technology Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Software Engineering Technology 506-43-00 W87-70062 506-41-00 W87-70050 31 0-10-23 W87-70411 Materials and Structures Research and Technology Materials and Structures Reasearch and Technology SPECTRA 506-43-00 W87-7rn3 506-43-00 W87-70058 Far lnlrared Balloon Radiometer for OH Materials and Structures Research and Technology Materials and Structure Research and Technology 147-12-1 5 W87-70126 506-43-00 W87-70064 506-43-00 W87-70059 Astrophysical CCD Development Space Data and Communications Research and Matenals and Structures Research and Technology 188-78-60 W87-70233 Technology 506-43-00 W87-70061 Interactions of Environment and Vegetation 506-44-00 W87-70069 Materials and Structures Research and Technology Composition. Structure. and Function on a Major Tropical SPACECRAFTCONTROL 506-43-00 W87-70062 Ecocline Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Space Flight Research and Technology 677-21-33 W87-70380 506-46-00 W87-70079 50648-00 W8 7 - 70 0 8 5 SPECTRALBANDS Controls and Guidance Research and Technology SPACECRAFT TRACKING Microwave Pressure Sounder 506-46-00 W87-70081 Flight Dynamics Technology 146-72-01 W87-70114 Balloon Microwave Limb Sounder (BMLS) Stratospheric Control of Flexible Structures Flight Experiment 310-10-26 W87-70412 542-06-00 W87-70104 Systems Engineering and Management Technology Measurements 310-40-49 W87-70432 147-12-06 W87-70125 Expert Systems for Automation of Operations Infrared Laboratory Spectroscopy in Support of 310-40-44 W87-70429 SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORIES GIOTTO DlDSY Co-Investigator Support Stratospheric Measurements Mission Operations Technology 156-03-07 W87-70178 147-23-08 W87-70133 310-40-45 W87-70430 SPACECREWS Satellite Monitoring 01 Air Pollution SPACECRAFT DESIGN Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 176-10-04 W87-70212 Materials and Structures Research and Technology 506-41-00 W87-70052 Optical Technology for Space Astronomy 506-43-00 W87-70061 Longitudinal Studies (Medical Operations Longitudinal 188-41-23 W87-70223 Space Flight Systems Research and Technology Studies) SPECTRAL CORRELATION 506-48-00 W87-70088 199-11-21 W87-70244 Gas Correlation Wind Sensor System Analysis Space Station Health Maintenance Facility 147-18-02 W87-70129 506-49-00 W87-70097 199-11-31 W87-70245 SPECTRALMETHODS Automation and Robotics Technology Space Adaptation Syndrome Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies 549-01-00 W87-70108 199-12-51 W87-70248 146-66-02 W87-70112

1-44 -. -~,~ ' !

,

SUBJECT INDEX STRATOSPHERE I

Cynamics of Planetary Atmospheres X-ray Astronomy STATISTICAL ANALYSIS __. 154-20-80 W87-70160 188-4659 W87-70230 Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies p Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE 14666-02 W87-70112 L Analysis of Oceanic Productivity Planetary Detection Fluorescence of Marine Plankton 161-5047 W87-70204 196-41-54 W87-70239 161-3045 W87-70197 Planetary Astronomy and Supporting Laboratory SPECTRAL RESOLUnON STEERABLE ANTENNAS Research Infrared Laboratory Spectroscopy in Suppxt of Mobile Communications Technology Development Stratospheric Measurements 196-41-67 W87-70240 650-60-15 W87-70312 147-23-08 W87-70133 Optical Astronomy STELLAR ATMOSPHERES Atomic and Molecular Properties of Planetary 196-41-71 W87-70242 Ground-Based tnirared Astronomy Atmospheric Constituents X-ray Astronomy 154-50.80 W87-70164 879-31-46 W87-70410 196-41-50 W87-70237 Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware SPECTRUM ANALYSIS STELLARENVELOPES 186-3841 W87-70218 X-Gamma Neutron Gamma/lnstrument Definition Ground-Based Infrared Astronomy X-ray Astronomy 15743-50 W87-70182 19641-50 W87-70237 188-46-59 W87-70230 Fluorescence of Marine Plankton STELLAR EVOLUTION Ground-Based Infrared Astronomy 161-3045 W87-70197 Formation, Evolution, and Stability of Protostellar 196-41-50 W87-70237 Muscle Physiology Disks Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic 199.22-42 W87-70259 151 -02-65 W87-70146 Planetary Detection Forest Biomass Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar 196-41-54 W87-70239 677-21-05 W87-70375 Medium. Molecular Clouds, Star Formation Optical Astronomy BiogeochemicalCycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems 188-41-53 W87-70225 196-41-71 W87-70242 677-21-35 W87-70381 Center for Star Formation Studies Terrestrial Ecosystems Topographic Profile Analysis 188-48-52 W87-70231 677-21-24 W87-70376 677-43-24 W87-70391 STELLAR OCCULTATION Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of Network Signal Processing Advanced Mission Study Solar X-Ray Pinhole Occulter Forest Decline Damage 310-30-70 W87-70426 Facility (POF) 677-21-25 W87-70377 SPEECH 159-38-03 W87-70188 Arid Lands Geobotany Vibroacousti HabitabititylProductiiity . STELLARSPECTRA 677-42-09 W87-70387 199-13-40 W87-70249 Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic IR Mapper SPHERES Planetary Detecbn 838-5906 W87-70404 Lidar Target Calibration Facility 196-41-54 W87-70239 SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY 146-72-10 W87-70121 STELLAR WINDS Ground-Based Infrared Astronomy SPHERICAL HARMONICS Formation. Evolution, and Stability of Protostellar 196-41-50 W87-70237 Polar Motion and Earth Models Disks SPECTRAL SIGNATURES 676-30-44 W87-70364 151-02-65 W87-70146 Interactions of Environment and Vegetation SPHINX Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic Composition. Structure. and Function on a Major Tropical Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics Planetary Detection Ecocline Experiments 19641-54 W87-70239 677-21-33 W87-70380 445-1 1-36 W87-70304 STIMULATION SPECTROGRAPHS SPLINE FUNCTIONS Muscle Physiology Optical Technology for Space Astronomy Geopotential Fields (Magnetic) 199-22-42 W87-70259 188-41-23 W87-70223 676-4042 W87-70365 Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) Astrophysical CCD Development SPREAD SPECTRUM TRANSMISSION 199-22-92 W87-70264 188-70-60 W87-70233 Network Signal Processing STIRLING ENGINES SPECTROHELIOGRAPHS 31 0-30-70 W87-70426 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware STABILITY 506-4100 W87-70051 188-3861 W87-70218 GIOTTO - Ion Mass Spectrometer, Co-Investigator STORMS Ground-BasedObservations of the Sun support Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies 188-38-52 W87-70219 1564343 W87-70175 146-66-02 W87-70112 SPECTROMETERS GIOTTO, Magnetic Field Experiments Extensions and Testing of the Hydrologic Balloon-Borne Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer 156-03-05 W87-70177 Parameterizatiinin the GlSS Atmospheric GCM 147-11-07 W87-70124 Energetic Particles and Plasmas in tha Magnetospheres 672-31-1 2 W87-70336 Gas Correlation Wind Sensor of Jupiter and Saturn STORMS (METEOROLOGY) 147-18-02 W87-70129 442-20-04 W87-70296 Flight Systems Research and Technology Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization STABILIZATION 505-68-00 W87-70022 Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote Controls and Guidance Research and Technology STRATEGY Planetary Analyses 506-4600 W87-70080 Systems Analysis 157-03-40 W87-70181 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 506-49-00 W87-70095 X-Gamma Neutron Gamma/lnstrument Definition 506-4600 W87-70081 Early Crustal Genesis 157-03-50 W87-70182 STABILIZED PLATFORMS 152-19-40 W87-70156 Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer Systems Analysis Advanced Studies 157-04-80 W87-70185 506-49-00 W87-70092 650-60-26 W87-70317 Kinetic Studies of Tropospheric Free Radicals STANDARDIZATION Metals and Alloys 176-30-01 W87-70214 International Halley 674-2500 W87-70353 Ground-Eased Infrared Astronomy Watch 156-02-02 W87-70173 Laser Ranging Development Study 196-41.50 W87-70237 676-59-32 W87-70370 Muscle Physiology The Large-Scale Phenomena Program of the International Haltey Watch (IHW) STRATIGRAPHY 199-22-44 W87-70260 Planetary geology 156-02-02 W87-70174 Pilot Land Data System 151-01-20 W87-70139 Standard Format Data Unit 65613-50 W87-70323 STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains 656-11-02 W87-70320 Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling 677-41-29 W87-70386 STANDARDS 176-40-14 W87-70215 Program Development (GSFC) Planetary Data System and Coordination STRATOSPHERE 677-80-80 W87-70398 155-20-70 W87-70171 In-Situ Measurements of Stratospheric Ozone SPECTROPHOTOMETRY Mobile Communications Technology Development 147-11-05 W87-70123 Planetary Materials: Chemistry 650-60-15 W87-70312 Balloon Microwave Limb Sounder (BMLS) Stratospheric 152-13-40 W87-70151 Standard Format Data Unit Measurements SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS 656-11-02 W87-70320 147-12-06 W87-70125 Infrared Laboratory Spectroscopy in Suppod of Standard Formaned Data Unit - CCSDS Panel 2 Far Infrared Balloon Radiometer for OH Stratospheric Measurements 656-11-02 W87-70321 147-12-15 W87-70126 147-23-08 W87-70133 Planetary Data System Microwave Temperature Profiler for the ER-2 Aircraft Laser Laboratory Spectroscopy 656-80-01 W87-70331 for Support of the Stratospheric/TroposphericExchange 147-23-09 W87-70134 Project SPECTROSCOPY STANDING WAVES Modeling Coronal Structure and Energetics 147-1447 W87-70127 Materials and Structure Research and Technology Multi-Sensor Balloon Measurements 506-43-w W87-70059 188-38-01 W87-70217 STARS 147-16-01 W67-70128 Microwave Pressure Sounder Gas Correlation Wind Sensor Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar 146-72-01 W87-70114 147-18-02 W87-70129 Medium. Molecular Clouds, Star Formation MillimeterlSubmillimeter Laboratory Spectroscopy Chemical Kinetics of the Upper Atmosphere 188-41-53 W87-70225 147-23-10 W87-70135 147-21-03 W87-70130 Aeronomy Theory and Analysis/Comet Models €volutin of Advanced Life Photochemistry of the Upper Atmosphere 154-6040 W87-70166 199-52-42 W87-70277 147-22-01 W87-70131 Laboratory Study of Chemical and Physical Properties STATIONS Infrared Laboratory Spectroscopy in Support of of Interstellar PAHs Earth Structure and Geophysics Stratospheric Measurements 188-41-57 W87-70226 676-30-05 W87-70363 147-23-08 W87-70133

1-45 STRATUS CLOUDS SUBJECT INDEX

Laser Laboratory Spectroscopy Early Atmosphere: Geochemistry and Photochemistry SURFACE TEMPERATURE 147-23-09 W87-70134 199-52-26 W87-70274 Tropospheric Temperature Sounder MillimeterlSubmillimIer Laboratory Spectroscopy SULFUR COMPOUNDS 146-72-02 W87-70115 147-23-10 W87-70135 Kinetic Studies of Tropospheric Free Radicals Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) Data Survey and Evaluation 176-30-01 W87-70214 677-22-28 W87-70384 147-51-01 W87-70136 SUNLIGHT SURFACE WATER Aerosol Formation Models Satellite Monitoring of Air Pollution Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - Global 672-31-02 W87-70335 176-10-04 W87-70212 Simulations Ames Multi-Program Support for Climate Research SUNSPOTS * 677-92-24 W87-70401 672-50-99 W87-70338 Structure and Evolution of Solar Magnetic Fidds SURFACE WAVES Analysis of TroposphersStratosphere Exchange 188-38-53 W87-70221 Eflects of a Large-Scale Wave-Field Component on 673-42-01 W87-70339 SUPERCOMPUTERS Scanerometer-DerivedWinds Mesospheric Theory Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) 161-80-41 W87-70209 673-61-02 W87-70340 536-01 -00 W87-70044 Solar and Heliospheric Physics Data Analysis Stratospheric Dynamics Space Data and Communications Research and 188-38-01 W87-70216 673-61-03 W87-70341 Technology SURVEYS Chemistry of Stratosphere 506-44-00 W87-70070 Atmospheric Backscatter Experiment 673-62-04 W87-70342 SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 146-72-11 W87-70122 Stratosphenc Chemistry and Transport InterdisciplinaryTechnology Data Survey and Evaluation 673-64-04 W87-70343 506-90-00 W87-70099 147-51-01 W87-70136 STRATUS CLOUDS Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility Ocean Productivity Radiative Effects in Clouds First International Satellite 188-78-46 W87-70232 161-3042 W87-70195 Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment Radio Systems Development, SWATH WIDTH 672-22-99 W87-70334 310-20-66 W87-70423 NASA Ocean Data System (NODS) STREAK CAMERAS SUPERCONDUCTORS 161-40-1 0 W87-70200 Laser Ranging Development Study Superconducting Gravity Gradiometer SWEEP FREQUENCY 676-59-32 W87-70370 676-59-33 W87-70371 Ultrasound Detection of Bends STRESS FUNCTIONS SUPERCOOLING 199-11-34 W87-70246 TheoreticaIINumericaIStudy of the Dynamics of Ocean Metals and Alloys SWEPT FORWARD WINGS Waves 674-25-05 W87-70352 Technology lor Next Generation Rotorcran 161-80-37 W87-70206 SUPERCRITICAL WINGS 532-09-00 W87-70034 STRESS MEASUREMENT Advanced Turboprop Systems High-PerformanceFlight Research Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies 535-03-00 W87-70041 533-02-00 W87-70036 146-66-02 W87-70112 SUPERHIGH FREQUENCIES SWITCHES STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Advanced Transmitted Systems Development Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Materials and Structures Research and Technology 310-20-64 W87-70421 506-41-00 W87-70047 505-63-00 W87-70009 SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT SWITCHING Materials and Structures Research and Technology Flight Systems Research and Technology Space Data and Communications Research and 505-63-00 W87-70010 505-6840 W87-70024 Technology Turbine Engine Hot Section Technology Systems Analysis 506-44-00 W87-70069 533-04-00 W87-70037 505-69-00 W87-70025 SWITCHING CIRCUITS Mariner Mark I1 Imaging SUPERSONIC BOUNDARY LAYERS Satellite Switching and Processing Systems 157-03-08 W87-70180 Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 650-60-21 W87-70314 STRUCTURAL DESIGN 505-60-00 W87-70002 SWITCHING THEORY Materials and Structures Research and technology SUPERSONIC COMBUSTION RAMJET ENGINES Satellite Switching and Processing Systems 505-63-00 W87-70012 Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 650-60-21 W87-70314 STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA 505-60-00 W87-70001 SYMBOLIC PROGRAMMING System Analysis Propulsion and Power Research and Technology Information Sciences Research and Technology 506-49-00 W87-70097 505-62-00 W87-70007 506-45-00 W87-70075 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING SUPERSONIC FLIGHT SYNCHROCYCLOTRONS Materials and Structure Research and Technology Systems Analysis Theoretical Studies of Active Galaxies and Quasi-Stellar 506-43-00 W87-70059 505-69-00 W87-70027 Objects (QSOs) STRUCTURAL FAILURE SUPERSONIC SPEED 186-46-01 W8 7- 70 2 2 7 Materials and Structures Research and Technology Propulsion and Power Research and Technology SYNCHRONISM 506-43-00 W87-70061 505-62-00 W87-70008 Information Sciences Research and Technology STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES (GEOLOGY) Oblique Wing Technology 505-65-00 W87-70014 Mars Geology: Crustal Dichotomy and Crustal 533-06-00 W87-70039 SYNCHRONOUS METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE Evolution SUPPLYING Space Adaptation Syndrome 151-02-50 W87-70141 High Temperature. Controlled Redox Studies 199-12-51 W87-70248 Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes 674-26-01 W87-70354 SYNCHRONOUS PLATFORMS 151-02-64 W87-70145 SUPPORT SYSTEMS Space Data and Communications Research and Mars Exobiology Research Consortium InterdisciplinaryTechnology Technology 155-20-80 W87-70172 505-90-00 W87-70032 506-44-00 W87-70065 Tectonics of Western Basin and Range Systems Analysis Systems Analysis 677-43-21 W87-70388 506-49-00 W87-70096 506-49-00 W87-70092 Topographic Profile Analysis InterdisciplinaryTechnology Space Communications Systems Antenna Technology 677-4324 W87-70391 506-90-00 W87-70101 65060-20 W87-70313 New Techniques for Quantitative Analysis 01 SAR General Operationsand Laboratory Facilities - Planetary SYNTHESIS (CHEMISTRY) Images Materials Prebiotic Evolution 677-46-02 W8 7 - 70 3 9 5 152-30-40 W87-70158 199-52-22 W87-70273 SUBGROUPS Standard Format Data Unit Glasses and Ceramics GlOlTO PIA Co-Investigator Support 656-11-02 W87-70320 674-26-05 W87-70356 156-0344 W87-70176 Advanced Systems Architecture SYNTHESIZERS SUBMILLIMETER WAVES 656-44-10 W87-70329 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Inlormation Sciences Research and Technology Advanced Transmitted Systems Development 506-46-00 W87-70080 506-45-00 W87-70073 310-20-64 W87-70421 SYNTHETIC APERTURERADAR MillimeterlSubmillimeter Laboratory Spectroscopy SURFACEENERGY Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice 147-23-10 W87-70135 Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) 161-40-02 W87-70198 Study of Large Deployable Reflector lor Infrared and 677-22-28 W67-70384 Examination of Chukchi Air-Sea-Ice Processes Submillimeter Astronomy SURFACELAYERS 161-40-30 W87-70201 159-41-01 W87-70190 Mars Exobiology Research Consortium Pilot Land Data System 155-20-80 W87-70172 SUBREFLECTORS 656-13-50 W87-70323 Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling Antenna Systems Development EOS High Rate Data System Testbed 176-40-14 W87-70215 310-20-65 W87-70422 656-25-01 W87-70326 SURFACE REACTIONS Landforms in Polar Regions SUBSONIC SPEED GIOTTO PIA Co-Investigator Support 677-43-22 W87-70389 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 156-03-04 W87-70176 505-61-00 W87-70006 SURFACE ROUGHNESS New Techniques for Quantitative Analysis 01 SAR Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology Effects of a Large-Scale Wave-Field Component on Images 506-40-00 W87-70046 Scanerometer-DerivedWinds 677-46-02 W8 7- 70 3 9 5 SUBSTRATES 161-80-41 W87-70209 SYNTHETIC APERTURES Arid Lands Geobotany Passive Microwave Remote Sensing 01 the Asteroids Program Development (GSFC) 677-42-09 W87-70387 Using the VU 677-80-80 W87-70398 SULFUR 196-41-51 W87-70238 SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS Biogeochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems Laser Ranging Development Study Bioregenerative Life Support Research (CELSS) 199-30-72 W87-70267 676-59-32 W87-70370 199-61-12 W87-70281

1-46 SUBJECT INDEX TEMPERATURE

SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION Controls and Guidance Research and Technology T Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 506-4640 W87-70080 505-61-00 W87-70004 T-58 ENGINE SYSTEMS Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Technology for Next Generation Rotorcraft Forest Evapotranspirationand Production 505-61-00 W87-70006 677-21-31 W87-70378 532-09-00 W87-70034 High-PerformanceFlight Research TARGETS SYSTEMS ANALYSIS 533-02-00 W87-70036 NASA-Ames Research Center Verlical Gun Facility Systems Analysis Information Sciences Research and Technology 151-02-60 W87-70142 505-69-00 W87-70025 506-45-00 W87-70075 Laser Ranging Development Study Systems Analysis InterdisciplinaryTechnology 505-69-00 W87-70026 676-59-32 W87-70370 506-90-00 TASKS W87-70098 Systems Analysis Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies Space Flight Research and Technology 505-69-00 W87-70027 643-10-01 W87-70306 W87-70089 506-4840 Propagation Studies and Measurements Systems Analysis TDR SATELLITES 643-10-03 505-69-00 W87-70028 Flight Cynamics Technology W87-70307 SAlS Testbed Planning Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 310-1 0.26 W87-70412 506-4640 W87-70082 656-11-01 W87-70319 Space Systems and Navigation Technology TECTONICS System Analysis 310-10-63 W87-70416 Earth Structure and Geophysics 506-49-00 W87-70090 Network Systems Technology Development 676-30-05 W87-70363 310-20-33 W87-70417 Systems Analysis GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Tracking of 506-49-00 W87-70091 Geodesy in the Caribbean the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TORS) Systems Analysis 676-59-31 W87-70369 310-20-39 W87-70419 506-49-00 W87-70092 Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains Advanced Space Systems for Users of NASA Systems Analysis 677-41.29 Networks W87-70386 506-49-00 W87-70093 Tectonics of Western Basin and Range 310-20-46 W87-70420 Systems Analysis 677-43-21 Human-To-Machine Interface Technology W87-70388 506-4940 W87-70094 Topographic Profile Analysis 310-40-37 W87-70428 Systems Analysis TEA LASERS 677-43-24 W87-70391 Sources of Magnetic Anomaly Field 506-49-00 W87-70095 Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment Systems Analysis 677-45-03 W87-70393 146-72-04 W87-70117 TELECOMMUNICATION 506-49-00 W87-70096 TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies System Analysis Advanced Studies 643-10-01 W87-70305 506-49-00 W87-70097 650-60-26 W87-70317 Propagation Studies and Measurements Solar Llynamics Observatory/Solar Oscillations Imager TECHNOLOGIES 643-10-03 Systems Analysis W87-70307 159-3841 W87-70187 Experiments Coordination and Mission Support 506-49-00 A Study of the Large Deployable Reflector (LOR) for W87-70091 646-41-01 W87-70310 TECHNOLOGYASSESSMENT Astronomy Applications Mobile Communications Technology Development Systems Analysis 159-41-01 W87-70189 650-60-15 W87-70312 505-6940 W87-70025 Development of Space Infrared Telescope Facility Space Communications Systems Antenna Technology (SIRTF) Systems Analysis 650-60-20 W87-70313 159-41 -06 W87-70191 505-69-00 W87-70026 Satellite Switching and Processing Systems MagnolialMagnetic Field Explorer Systems Analysis 650-60-21 W87-70314 505-69-00 W87-70027 676-59-80 W87-70374 RF Components for Satellite Communications Systems Analysis Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Tracking of Systems the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TORS) 505-69-00 W87-70028 650-60-22 W87-70315 Information Sciences Research and Technology 310-20-39 W87-70419 Communications Laboratory for Transponder Advanced Transmitted Systems Development 506-45-00 W87-70074 Development Space Flight Research and Technology 3 10-20-64 W87-70421 650-60-23 W87-70316 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 506-48-00 W87-70085 Advanced Studies High-PerformanceFlight Research Space Flight Research and Technology 650-60-26 W87-70317 506-48-00 W87-70087 533-02-00 W87-70036 ACTSlLaser Communications Experiment: Laser Space Fliht Systems Research and Technology Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Intersatellite Communications Proof-of-Concept (POC) 506-41-00 W87-70051 506-48-00 W87-70088 Development System Analysis Space Flight Research and Technology 650-60-26 W87-70318 506-49-00 W87-70090 506-48-00 W87-70086 Network Systems Technology Development Space Flight Research and Technology Systems Analysis 310-20-33 W87-70417 506-48-00 W87-70087 506-4940 W87-70092 Network Communications Technology Systems Analysis System Analysis 310-20-38 W87-70418 506-49-00 W87-70093 506-49-00 W87-70090 Advanced Space Systems lor Users of NASA Systems Analysis Systems Analysis Networks 506-49-00 W87-70095 506-49-00 W87-70094 Automation and Robotics Technology Systems Analysis 310-20-46 W87-70420 Optical Communication Technology Development 506-49-00 W87-70095 549-01-00 W87-70107 310-20-67 W87-70424 Automation and Robotics Technology Systems Analysis TELEMETRY 549-01-00 W87-70108 506-49-00 W87-70096 Radio Systems Development Automation and Robotics InterdisciplinaryTechnology 310-20-66 W87-70423 506-90-00 W87-70099 549-0140 W87-70109 Network Signal Processing Space Station Exercise Countermeasures In-Flight Diagnostic Sensors 310-30-70 W87-70426 199-11.1 1 W87-70243 199-11-34 W87-70247 Communications Systems Research IR Mapper SAlS Testbed Planning 310-30-71 W87-70427 838-59-06 65611-01 W87-70319 W87-70404 TELEOPERATORS High Rate Data System Testbed Software EngineeringTechnology EOS Automatin and Robotics Technology 656-25-01 W87-70326 310-10-23 W87-70411 549-01-00 W87-70105 NASA Climate Data System Space Systems and Navigation Technology Automation and Robotics Technology 65631-05 W87-70327 310-1 0-63 W87-70416 549-01-00 W87-70107 GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional Network Systems Technology Development Automation and Robotics Geodesy in the Caribbean 310-20-33 W87-70417 549-01-00 W87-70109 Mission Operations Technology 678-59-31 W87-70369 Automation and Robotics Technology Earth Orbiter Tracking System Development 310-40-45 W87-70430 549-01-00 W87-70110 310-1 0-61 W87-70414 Data Processing Technology TELESCOPES Space Systems and Navigation Technology 310-40-46 W87-70431 Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware Systems Engineering and Management Technology 310-10-63 W87-70418 188-38-51 W87-70218 Advanced Space Systems for Users NASA of 31040.49 W87-70432 Ground-BasedObservations of the Sun TECHNOLOGYTRANSFER Networks 188-38-52 W87-70219 Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 310-20-46 W87-70420 The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Advanced Transmitted Systems Development 505-60-00 W87-70003 199-52-62 W87-70279 310-20-64 W87-70421 Information Sciences Research and Technology TEMPERATE REGIONS Human-To-Machine Interface Technology 506-45-00 W87-70074 Biogeochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems Information Sciences Research and Technology 310-40-37 W87-70428 199-30-72 W87-70267 Systems Engineering and Management Technology 506-45-00 W87-70075 TEMPERATURE 310-40-49 W87-70432 Space Flight Research and Technology Planetary Materials: Mineralogy and Petrology SYSTEMS SIMULATION 506-48-00 W87-70087 152-11-40 W87-70148 Systems Engineering and Management Technology DSN Monitor and Control Technology Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology 310-40-49 W87-70432 3 10-30-68 W87-70425 152-12-40 W87-70149

1-47 TEMPERATURE CONTROL SUBJECT INDEX

Sounding Rocket Experiments Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology I 879-11-38 W87-70407 677-41-29 W87-70386 505-60-00 W87-70002 TEMPERATURECONTROL Landforms in Polar Regions Formation, Evolution, and Stability of Protostellar Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 677-43-22 W87-70389 Disks 506-41-00 W87-70050 Continental Accretion 15 142-65 W87-70146 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 677-43-23 W87-70390 Stratospheric Dynamics 506-41-00 W87-70052 Topographic Profile Analysis 673-61-03 W87-70341 A Study of the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) for 677-4324 W87-70391 THERMOELECTRIC GENERATORS Astronomy Applications TERRESTRIAL PLANETS Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 159-41-01 W87-70189 Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes 506-41-00 W87-70048 TEMPERATUREDEPENDENCE 151-02-64 W87-70145 THERMOELECTRIC POWER GENERATION Atmospheric Photochemistry TEST EQUIPMENT Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 147-2242 W87-70132 SAlS Testbed Planning 506-41-00 W87-70048 Atomic and Molecular Properties of Planetary 656-11-01 W87-70319 THERMOPHILES Atmospheric Constituents TEST FACILITIES The Early Evolution of Life 154-50-80 W87-70164 Advanced Earth-to-Orbit Systems Technology 199-52-32 W87-70276 IR Remote Sensing of SST 525-02-00 W87-70102 THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES 161-3043 W87-70196 Communications Laboratory for Transponder Optical Astronomy TEMPERATURE EFFECTS Development 196-41-71 W87-70242 Materials and Structures Reasearch and Technology 650-60-23 W87-70316 Metals and Alloys 506-43-00 W87-70058 TETHERED SATELLITES 674-25-04 W87-70351 A Study of the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) for Advanced Magnetometer THERMOSPHERE Astronomy Applications 676-59-75 W87-70373 Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling 159-41-01 W87-70189 TEXTURES 154-90-80 W87-70169 Examination of Chukchi Air-Sea-Ice Processes Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets Atmosphere-Ionosphere-MagnetosphereInteractions 161-40-30 W87-70201 151-01-60 W87-70140 442-20-01 W87-70293 TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS THEORETICAL PHYSICS THICKNESS Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures Magnetospheric Physics - Particles and ParticlelField Sources of Magnetic Anomaly Field 154-40-80 W87-70163 Interaction 677-4543 W87-70393 Metals and Alloys 442-36-55 W87-70299 THIN FILMS 674-2548 W87-70353 THERAPY Materials and Structures Research and Technology Polar Motion end Earth Models Space Station Health Maintenance Facility 506-43-00 W87-70063 676-30-44 W87-70364 199-11-31 W87-70245 THREE DIMENSIONAL BOUNDARY LAYER TEMPERATUREMEASUREMENT THERMAL ANALYSIS Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Tropospheric Temperature Sounder Mariner Mark I1 Imaging 505-60-00 W87-70002 146-72-02 W87-70115 157-03-08 W87-70180 THRUSTVECTORCONTROL Microwave Temperature Profiler lor the ER-2 Aircraft Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization Propulsion and Power Research and Technology for Support of the StratosphericlTropospheric Exchange Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote 505-62-00 W87-70007 Project Planetary Analyses Flight Systems Research and Technology 147-14-07 W87-70127 157-03-40 W87-70181 505-68-00 W87-70023 Study and Development of a Comet Nucleus Penetrator Remote Sensing of Volcanic Features TIDAL WAVES .Overguideline 677-43-25 W87-70392 Atmosphere-IonosphereMagnetosphereInteractions 157-04-80 W87-70184 THERMAL DECOMPOSITION 442-20-01 W87-70293 Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions Planetary geology TIDES 161-80-42 W87-70210 151-01-20 W87-70139 CurrentsITides from Altimetry Analysis of Troposphere-StratosphereExchange THERMAL DIFFUSION 161-2047 W87-70194 673-42-01 W87-70339 Fluid Dynamics and Transport Phenomena TILES Satellite Measurement of Land Surface Parameters for 674-24-05 W87-70349 Space Flight Research and Technology Climate Studies THERMAL EMISSION 506-48-00 W87-70086 677-21-36 W87-70382 Balloon Microwave Limb Sounder (BMLS) Stratospheric TIME CONSTANT Development of the Pressure Modulator Infrared Measurements SuperconductingGravity Gradiometer Radiometer 147-12-06 W67-70125 676-59-33 W87-70371 838-59-03 W87-70402 Gas Correlation Wind Sensor TIME DEPENDENCE TEMPERATURE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS 147-1842 W87-70129 Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling Tropospheric Temperature Sounder Development of the Pressure Modulator Infrared 154-90-80 W87-70169 146-7242 W87-70115 Radiometer Modeling Coronal Structure and Energetics Microwave Temperature Profiler for the ER-2 Aircraft 838-59-03 W87-70402 188-38-01 W87-70217 for Support of the StratosphericlTroposhericExchange THERMAL ENERGY TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS Project Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Communications Laboratory for Transponder 147-14-07 W87-70127 506-41-00 W87-70050 Development TEMPERATURE PROFILES A Laboratory Investigation 01 the Formation, Properties 650-60-23 W87-70316 Meteorological Parameters Extraction and Evolution of Presolar Grains TIME MEASUREMENT 148-66-01 W87-70111 152-12-40 W87-70150 Astronomy and Relativity Data Analysis AMSU Research Studies THERMAL MAPPING 188-41-21 W8 7 - 70 2 22 146-72-05 W87-70118 Design Definition for a Planetary Thermal Infrared X-ray Astronomy Microwave Temperature Profiler for the ER-2 Aircraft Multispectral Scanner (PTIMS) 188-46-59 W87-70230 for Support of the StratosphericlTropospheric Exchange 838-59-80 W87-70406 Geopotential Fields (Magnetic) Project THERMAL PLASMAS 676-4042 W87-70365 147-14-07 W87-70127 Space Plasma Data Analysis X-ray Astronomy Remote Sensing 01 Atmospheric Structures 442-20-01 W87-70294 879-31-46 W87-70410 154-40-80 W87-70163 THERMAL PROTECTION Frequency and Timing Research TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION Materials and Structures Research and Technology 310-10-62 W87-70415 GIOlTO, Magnetic Field Experiments 506-4340 W87-70062 TIME SERIES ANALYSIS 156-0345 W87-70177 Space Flight Research and Technology Atmospheric Parameter Mapping GIOTTO DIDSY Co-Investigator Support 506-48-00 W87-70086 146-72-06 W87-70119 1564347 W87-70178 THERMAL STABlLlTV Ocean Productivity Frequency and Timing Research Materials and Structure Research and Technology 161-30-02 W87-70195 310-1 0-62 W87-70415 506-43-00 W87-70059 Analysis of Oceanic Productivity TEMPORAL RESOLUTION THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES 161-5047 W87-70204 X-ray Astronomy Planetary geology Satellite Measurement of Land Surface Parameters for 188-46-59 W87-70230 151-01-20 W87-70139 Climate Studies TERRACES (LANDFORMS) THERMOCLINES 677-21-36 W87-70382 Landforms in Polar Regions Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions TIN ALLOYS 677-43-22 W87-70389 161-80-42 W87-70210 Metals and Alloys TERRAIN THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES 674-25-05 W87-70352 Mars Geology: Crustal Dichotomy and Crustal Svstems Analvsis Evolution 505:69-00 . W87-70027 TlROS N SERIES SATELLITES 151-02-50 W87-70141 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES Ocean Productivity Tropical Ecosystem Research Planetaw Materials: ChemiStN 161-30-02 W87-70195 199-30-62 W87-70266 152-13-40. W87-70151 Analysis 01 Oceanic Productivity Forest Biomass Study and Development of a Comet Nucleus Penetrator 161-5047 W87-70204 677-21-05 W87-70375 - Overguideline TITAN Forest Evapotranspirationand Production 157-04-80 W87-70184 Theoretical Studies of Planetary Bodies 677-21-31 W87-70378 THERMODYNAMICS 151-02-61 W87-70143 Forest Dynamics Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Planetary Clouds Particulates and Ices 677-21-40 W87-70383 505-60-00 W87-7OOO1 154-30-80 W87-70161

1-48 SUBJECT INDEX TURBULENCE

Atomic and Molecular Properties of Planetary TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS TRENDS Atmospheric Constituents Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment Systems Analysis 154-5080 W87-70164 14672-04 W87-70117 506-49-00 W87-70096 Planetary Instrument Definition and Development TRAJECTORY MEASUREMENT TROPICAL METEOROLOGY Program - Titan Atmospheric Analysis Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Tracking of Airborne Rain Mapping Radar System 157-04-80. .. .. w87-70183. . . .. the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) 14666-05 W87-70113 Diode Laser IR Absorption wtrometer 310-2039 W87-70419 TROPICALREGIONS 157-04-80 W87-70185 TRANSATMOSPHERIC VEHICLES Airborne Rain Mapping Radar System Materials and Structures Research and Technology Theoretical Studies and Calculation of 146-66-05 W87-70113 506-43-00 W87-70062 Electron-MoleculeCollision Processes Relevant to Space Remote Sensng of Air-Sea Fluxes TRANSFER ORBITS Plasma Physics 161-80-15 W87-70205 Propulsion Research and Technology 442-36-58 W87-70303 Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions 5064200 W87-70055 161-80-42 W87-70210 Development of the Pressure Modulator Infrared Propulsion Research and Technology Space Oceanography Radiometer 506-4200 W87-70056 161-80-43 W87-70211 838-59-03 W87-70402 System Analysis Tropical Ecosystem Research Development of Dual Frequency and Multispectral Radar 506-49-00 W87-70097 199-30-62 W87-70266 MapperlSounder TRANSITION PROBABILITIES Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 838-59-04 W87-70403 Forest Biomass 199-30-99 W87-70268 TOMOGRAPHY 677-21-05 W87-70375 Analysis of Troposphere-StratosphereExchange Earth Structure and Geophysics TRANSMISSION 673-42-01 W87-70339 676-3065 W87-70363 Ultrasound Detection 01 Bends Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment TOPEX 199-11-34 W87-70246 677-21-32 W87-70379 CurrentslTides from Altimetry Biospheric Monitoring and Disease Prediction Interactions of Environment and Vegetation 161-20-07 W87-70194 199-30-32 W87-70265 Composition. Structure. and Function on a Major Tropical Space Oceanography Communications Laboratory for Transponder Emline 161-80-43 W87-70211 DeveloDment 677-21-33 W87-70380 TOPOGRAPHY 650-60123 W87-70316 BiogeochemicalCycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems Mars Geology: Crustal Dichotomy and Crustal TRANSMISSIONS (MACHINE ELEMENTS) 677-21-35 W87-70381 Evolution Propulsion and Power Research and Technology TROPOPAUSE 151-02-50 W87-70141 5056240 W87-7o008 Microwave Temperature Profiler for the ER-2 Aircraft TRANSMllTER RECEIVERS CurrentslTidesfrom Altimetry for Support of the StratosphericlTropospheric Exchange Airborne Rain Mamina Radar Svstem 161-20-07 W87-70194 .. - Project 146-6605 W87-70113 147-14-07 W87-70127 Ocean Productivity ACTSlLaser Communications Experiment: Laser TROPOSPHERE 181-30-02 W87-70195 Intersatellite Communications Proof-of-Concept (POC) Tropospheric Temperature Sounder Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature Development 146-72-02 W87-70115 161-80-40 W87-70208 650-60-26 W87-70318 Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment Tropical Ecosystem Research Laser Ranging Development Study 14672-04 W87-70117 1993062 W87-70266 676-59-32 W87-70370 Atmospheric Backscatter Experiment Earth Structure and Geophysics Advanced Transmitted Systems Development 146-72-11 W87-70122 676-30-05 W87-70363 310-20-64 W87-70421 Microwave Temperalure Profiler for the ER-2 Aircraft Forest Biomass TRANSMITTERS for Support of the StratosphericlTropospheric Exchange 677-21-05 W87-70375 Experiments Coordination and Mission Support Project Forest Evapotranspirationand Production 64641-01 W87-70310 147-14-07 W87-70127 677-21-31 W87-70378 Program Development (GSFC) Global Tropospheric Experiment Aircraft Forest Dynamics 677-80-80 W87-70398 Measurements 677-21-40 W87-70383 TRANSONIC FLIGHT 176-20-99 W87-70213 Landlorms in Polar Regions High-Performance Flight Research Kinetic Studies of Tropospheric Free Radicals 677-43-22 , W87-70389 533-02-00 W87-70035 176-30-01 W87-70214 Continental Accretion TRANSONIC FLOW Aerosol and Gas Measurements Addressing Aerosol 677-43-23 W87-70390 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Climatic Effects Topographic Profile Analysis 505-6140 W87-7w06 672-21-99 W87-70332 677-43-24 W87-70391 TRANSONIC SPEED Analysis of Troposphere-StratosphereExchange TOPOLOGY Oblique Wing Technology 673-42-01 W87-70339 Modeling Coronal Structure and Energetics 533-06-00 W87-70039 Stratospheric Dynamics 188-38-01 W87-70217 Aerothermorbynamics Research and Technology 673-61-03 W87-70341 TOXIC HAZARDS 506-40-00 W87-70046 Stratospheric Chemistry and Transport Spacecraft Environmental Factors TRANSPONDERS 673-64-04 W87-70343 199-13-41 W87-70250 Communications Laboratory for Transponder TUNABLE USERS TRACE CONTAMINANTS Development Balloon-Borne Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer Spacecraft Environmental Factors 650-M)-23 W87-70316 147-11-07 W87-70124 199-13-41 W87-70250 TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT Atomic and Molecular Properties of Planetary TRACE ELEMENTS Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Atmospheric Constituents Planetary Materials: Chemistry 154-50-80 W87-70164 50561-00 W87-70006 152-1340 W87-70151 Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer Advanced Turboprop Systems Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling 157-04-80 W87.70185 535-03-00 W87-70041 176-60-14 W87-70215 TUNDRA Mesospheric Theory TRANSPORT PROPERTIES BiogeochemicalCycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems 673-61-02 W87-70340 Physical and Dynamical Models of the Climate on 677-21-35 W87-70381 Stratospheric Dynamics Mars TUNING 673-61-03 W87-70341 155-04-80 W87-70170 Information Sciences Research and Technology TRACERS Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling 506-45-00 W87-70076 Particle and ParticlelPhoton Interactions (Atmospheric 17640-14 W87-70215 TURBINE BLADES Magnetospheric Coupling) Particle and PartiielPhoton Interactions (Atmospheric Turbine Engine Hot Section Technology 442-3656 W87-70301 Magnetospheric Coupling) 533-04-00 W87-70037 TRADEOFFS 442-3666 W87-70301 TURBINE ENGINES InformationSciences Research and Technology TRANSPORT THEORY Turbine Engine Hot Section Technology 50565-00 W87-70015 Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling 533-0400 W87-70037 Systems Analysis 176-40-14 W87-70215 Ceramics for Turbine Engines 505-69-00 W67-70025 Fluid Dynamics and Transport Phenomena 533-05-00 W87-70038 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 674-24-05 W87-70349 TURBINES 506-46-00 W87-70082 TRANSPORTATION Propulsion Research and Technology Systems Analysis 506-42-00 W87-70055 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 506-49-00 W87-70093 506-4640 W87-70079 TURBOPROP AIRCRAFT Airborne Rain Mapping Radar System Advanced Turboprop Systems 146-6605 W87-70113 Space Flight Research and Technology 535-0340 W87-70040 W87-70085 Spectrum and Orb4 Utilization Studies 506-48-00 Advanced Turboprop Systems 643-10-01 W87-70306 System Analysis 535-03-00 W87-70041 Advanoed Studies 506-49-00 W87-70090 Advanced Turboprop Systems 643-10-05 W87-70308 Space Station Health Maintenance Facility 535-03-00 W87-70042 Laser Ranging Development Study 199-11-31 W87-70245 TURBULENCE 67659-32 W87-70370 TREES (PLANTS) Optical Technology for Space Astronomy TRAINING ANALYSIS Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of 188-41-23 W87-70223 Crew Productivity Forest Decline Damage Research in Astrophysics: Solar System, Turbulence 199-2262 W87-70261 677-21-25 W87-70377 188-80-02 W87-70235

1-49 TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER SUBJECT INDEX

TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware VARIABILITY Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 188-38-51 W87-70218 Ocean Productivity 505-60-00 W87-70002 UPGRADING 161-30-02 W87-70195 TURBULENT FLOW NASA-Ames Research Center Vertical Gun Facility Ocean Circulation and Satellite Altimetry Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 151-02-60 W87-70142 161-80-38 W87-70207 505-6000 W87-70003 Image Processing Capability Upgrade Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology 677-80-22 W87-70397 161-80-42 W87-70210 Development of the Pressure Modulator Infrared 506-40-00 W87-70045 UPPER ATMOSPHERE Radiometer Analysis of Troposphere-StratosphereExchange Balloon-Borne Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer 838-59-03 W87-70402 673-42-01 W87-70339 147-11-07 W87-70124 TWO PHASE FLOW X-ray Astronomy Balloon Microwave Limb Sounder (BMLS) Stratospheric Space Energy Conversbn Research and Technology 879-31-46 W87-70410 Measurements 506-4100 W87-70052 VARIABLE SWEEP WINGS 147-12-06 W87-70125 Oblique Wing Technology Multi-Sensor Balloon Measurements 533-0600 W87-70039 U 147-16-01 W87-70128 VARIATIONS Chemical Kinetics of the Upper Atmosphere Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar U-2 AIRCRAFT 147-21-03 W87-70130 Medium. Molecular Clouds, Star Formation Microwave Temperature Profiler for the ER-2 Aircrafl Photochemistry of the Upper Atmosphere 188-41-53 W87-70225 for Support of the StratosphericlTropospheric Exchange 147-22-01 W87-70131 VAX COMPUTERS Project DetaileelUpper Atmosphere Research Program MPP MaintenancelOperations 147-14-07 W87-70127 147-52-01 W87-70138 656-13-25 W87-70322 ULTRASONICSCANNERS Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling Image Processing Capability Upgrade Ultrasound Detection of Bends 154-90-80 W87-70169 677-80-22 W87-70397 199-11-34 W87-70248 Mesospheric Theory VECTORS (MATHEMATICS) ULTRASONICS GIOTTO. Magnetic Field Experiments 673-61-02 W87-70340 Ultrasound Detection of Bends 156-03-05 W87-70177 UPWELLING WATER 199-11-34 W87-70246 Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions Analysis of Oceanic Productivity Ultrasound Image Enhancement 161-80-42 W87-70210 161-50-07 W87-70204 199-80-34 W87-70287 Research in Solar Vector Magnetic Fields URANUS (PLANET) ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTION 188-38-52 W87-70220 Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes In-Situ Measurements of Stratospheric Ozone Structure and Evolution of Solar Magnetic Fields 151-02-64 W87-70145 147-11-05 W87-70123 188-38-53 W87-70221 GAS UV Spectrometer ULTRAVIOLET ASTRONOMY Superconducting Gravity Gradiometer 154-60-80 W87-70165 Sounding Rocket Experiments (Astronomy) 67659-33 W87-70371 Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling 879-11-41 W87-70408 Advanced Magnetometer 154-90-80 W87-70169 ULTRAVIOLET DETECTORS 67659-75 W87-70373 Energetic Particlesand Plasmas in the Magnetospheres Ultraviolet Detector Development Sources of Magnetic Anomaly Field of Jupiter and Saturn 188-41-24 W87-70224 677-45-03 W87-70393 ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION 442-20-04 W87-70296 USER REQUIREMENTS VEGA PROJECT Ultraviolet Detector Development Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres Information Sciences Research and Technology 188-41-24 W87-70224 154-20-80 W87-70160 536-45-00 W87-70077 Astrophysical CCD Development VEGETATION 188-78-60 W87-70233 Systems Analysis 506-49-00 W87-70095 Tropical Ecosystem Research Chemistry of Stratosphere 199-30-62 W87-70266 Systems Analysis 673-62-04 W87-70342 Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 506-49-00 W87-70096 ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA 199-30-99 W87-70268 System Analysis A Laboratory Investigation of the Formation. Properties Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of 506-49-00 W87-70097 and Evolution of Presolar Grains Forest Decline Damage NASA Climate Data System 152-12-40 W87-70150 677-21-25 W87-70377 656-31-05 W87-70327 Optical Astronomy Forest Evapotranspirationand Production Advanced Space Systems for Users of NASA 196-41-71 W87-70242 677-21-31 W87-70378 Networks Sounding Rocket Experiments (Astronomy) Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 3 10-20-46 W87-70420 879-11-41 W87-70408 677-21-32 W87-70379 DSN Monitor and Control Technology ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROMETERS Interactions of Environment and Vegetation GAS UV Spectrometer 310-30-68 W87-70425 UTILIZATION Composition, Structure, and Function on a Major Tropical 154-60-80 W87-70165 Ecocline Vibroacoustic HabitabilitylProductiiity Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling 677-21-33 W87-70380 199-13-40 W87-70249 154-90-80 W87-70169 Satellite Measurement Land Surface Parameters for Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies of ULTRAVIOLET TELESCOPES Climate Studies 643-10-01 W87-70305 Ultraviolet Detector Development 677-21-36 W87-70382 188-41-24 W87-70224 Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies 643-10-01 W87-70306 Arid Lands Geobotany UNITED STATES 677-42-09 W87-70387 InterdisciplinaryTechnology Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - Global 506-90-00 W87-70098 v Simulations InterdisciplinaryTechnology 677-92-24 W87-70401 506-90-00 W87-70100 V/STOL AIRCRAFT VEGETATION GROWTH Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies Propulsion and Power Research and Technology Interactions of Environment and Vegetation 643-10-01 W87-70305 505-6200 W87-70008 Composition, Structure, and Function on a Major Tropical Continental Accretion Flight Systems Research and Technology Ecocline 677-43-23 W87-70390 505-6800 W87-70024 677-21-33 W87-70380 UNIVERSITIES High-PerformanceFlight Research VELOCITY Space Flight Research and Technology 533-02-00 W87-70036 GIOTTO - Ion Mass Spectrometer, Co-Investigator 506-48-00 W87-70089 VACUUM support Systems Analysis Optical Technology for Space Astronomy 156-03-03 W87-70175 506-49-00 W87-70092 188-41-23 W87-70223 Modeling Coronal Structure and Energetics InterdisciplinaryTechnology VALLEYS 188-38-01 W87-70217 506-9000 W87-70098 Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment Sounding Rocket Experiments InterdisciplinaryTechnology 199-30-99 W87-70268 879-11-38 W87-70407 506-90-00 W87-70099 VANES VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION InterdisciplinaryTechnology Turbine Engine Hot Section Technology Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies 506-90-00 W87-70100 533-04-00 W87-70037 146-66-02 W87-70112 NASA Climate Data System VAPOR DEPOSITION Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment 656-31-05 W87-70327 Electronic Materials. Vapor Growth and Low-g Gravity 146-72-04 W87-70117 UNIVERSITY PROGRAM Techniques Atmospheric Dynamics and Radiation Science Support InterdisciplinaryTechnology 674-21-06 W87-70344 146-72-09 W87-70120 505-90-00 W87-70029 Electronic and Optical Materials TheoreticallNumericaI Study of the Dynamics of Ocean InterdisciplinaryTechnology 674-21-08 W87-70345 Waves 505-90-00 W87-70030 VAPOR PHASES 161-80-37 W87-70206 InterdisciplinaryTechnology Planetary Astronomy and Supporting Laboratory Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions 505-90-00 W87-70031 Research 161-80-42 W87-70210 Information Sciences Research and Technology 196-41-67 W87-70240 Ground-Based ObSeNatiOnS of the Sun 506-4500 W87-70074 VAPORS 188-38-52 W87-70219 UNSTEADY FLOW Planetary Lightning and Analysis of Voyager VELOCITY MEASUREMENT Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology ObseNatiOnS Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 505-60-00 W87-70003 154-90-80 W87-70168 505-61-00 W87-70005

1-50 SUBJECT INDEX WEATHER FORECASTING

VENERA SATELLITES VISIBLE SPECTRUM GPS Positioning of a Marina Buoy for Plate Motion Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets A Laboratory Investigation of the Formation, Properties Studies 151-0180 W87-70140 and Evolution of Presolar Grains 67659-45 W87-70372 VENUS (PLANET) 152-12-40 W87-70150 Fwest Evapotranspirationand Production Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres Optical Astronomy 677.21-31 W87-70378 154-20-80 W87-70160 196-41-71 W87-70242 WATER IMMERSION Planetary Clouds Particulates and Ices VISUAL OBSERVATION Cardiovascular Physiology 154-30-80 W87-70161 GlOlTO DlDSY Co-InvestigatorSupport 199-21-12 W87-70252 RaditieTransfer in Planetary Atmospheres 15503-07 W87-70178 WATER RECLAMATION 154-40-80 W87-70162 VOCODERS Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Planetary Lightning and Analysis of Voyager Mobile Communications Technology Development Observations 65080-15 W87-70312 506-4140 W87-70052 154.90-80 W87-70168 VOLATILITY WATER RESOURCES Magnetospheric Physics - Particles and Particle/Field Characteristics of Volaliles in Interplanetary Dust Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) Interaction Particles 677-22-28 W87-70384 442-3655 W87-70299 199.52-31 W87-70275 WATER VAPOR VENUS ATMOSPHERE VOLCANOES Microwave Pressure Sounder Theoretical Studies and Calculation of Planetary geology 146-72-01 W87-70114 Electron-MoleculeCollision Processes Relevant to Space 151-01-20 W87-70139 IR Remote Sensing of SST Plasma Physics Planetary Materials: Geochronology 14672-03 W87-70116 442-36-58 W87-70303 152-14-40 W87-70153 AMSU Research Studies VENUSSURFACE Aerosol and Gas Measurements Addressing Aerosol 146-72-05 W87-70118 Planetary geology Climatic Effects IR Remote Sensing of SST 151-01-20 W87-70139 672-21-99 W87-70332 161-30-03 W87-70196 Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets Aerosol Formatin Models Ocean Clrculation and Satellite Altimetry 872-31-02 W87-70335 151-01 -60 W87-70140 161-80-38 W87-70207 Theoretical Studies of Planetary Bodies Topographic Profile Analysis Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling 151-02-61 W87-70143 677-43-24 W87-70391 Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets Remote Sensing of Volcanic Features 176-40-14 W87-70215 151-02-63 W87-70144 677-43-25 W87-70392 Extensions and Testing of the Hydrobgc VERMONT VOLCANOLOGY Parameterizationin the GlSS Atmospheric GCM Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of Remote Sensing of Volcanic Features 672-31-12 W87-70336 Forest Decline Damage 677-43-25 W87-70392 Analysis of Troposphere-StratosphereExchange 677-21-25 W87-70377 VOLUME 673-42-01 W87-70339 VERTEBRATES Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer Polar Motion and Earth Models Biological Adaptation 157-0480 W87-70185 67630-44 W87-70364 199-40-32 W87-70271 VORTEX FLAPS WATER WAVES VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION Flight Systems Research and Technology Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice Atmospheric Backscatter Experiment 505-68-00 W87-70022 161-40-02 W87-70198 146-72-11 W87-70122 High-Performance Flight Research TheoreticaIlNumericaIStudy of the Dynamics of Ocean Balloon-Borne Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer 533-02-00 W87-70035 Waves 147-11-07 W87-70124 VORTEX SHEETS 161-80-37 W87-70206 Multi-Sensor Balloon Measurements Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Effects of a Large-Scale Wave-Field Component on 147-16-01 W87-70128 505-6140 W87-7ooo5 Scatterometer-DerivedWinds VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION VORTICES 161-80-41 W87-70209 Network Signal Processing Flight Systems Research and Technology WATERSHEDS 310-30-70 W87-70426 505-6840 W87-70023 Extensions and Testing of the Hydrologic Communications Systems Research Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions Parameterizationin the GlSS Atmospheric GCM 310-30-71 W87-70427 161-80-42 W87-70210 672-31-12 W87-70336 VERY LONG BASE INTERFEROMETRY VORTICITY WAVE PACKETS Astronomy and Relativity Data Analysis Microwave Temperature Profiler for the ER-2 Aircraft Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 188-41-21 W87-70222 for Support of the StratosphericITropospheric Exchange 505-6040 W67-7OOO2 Radio Metric Technology Development Project WAVE PROPAGATION 310-1 080 W87-70413 147-14-07 W87-70127 IR Remote Sensing of SST Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Tracking 01 VOYAGERPROJECT 146-72-03 W87-70116 the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TORS) Planetary Atmospheric Composition, Structure. and Propagation Studies and Measurements 31 0-20-39 W87-70419 History 643-10-03 W87-70307 VESTIBULAR TESTS 154-1 0-80 W87-70159 Sounding Rocket Experiments Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) Planetary Clouds Particulates and Ices 879-11-38 W87-70407 199-22-92 W87-70264 154-30-80 W87-70161 Radio Systems Development Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) 310-20-66 Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures W87-70423 199-80-32 W87-70286 WAVEFORMS VESTIBULES 154-40-80 W87-70163 Laser Ranging Development Study Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) Atomic and Molecular Propaflies 01 Planetary 676-59-32 W87-70370 199-22.92 W87-70264 Atmospheric Constituents WAVEGUIDE USERS Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) 154-50-80 W87-70164 Planetary Instrument Development ProgramIPlanetary 199-80-32 W87-70286 Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling Astronomy VHSIC (CIRCUITS) 154-90-80 W87-70169 157-05-50 W87-70186 Space Data and Communications Research and VOYAGER1 SPACECRAFT WAVELENGTHS Technology Energetic Particles and Plasmas in the Magnetospheres Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment 50644-00 W87-70065 of Jupiter and Saturn 146-72-04 W87-70117 VIABILITY 442-20-04 W87-70296 Ground-Based Observations of the Sun InformationSciences Research and Technokgy VOYAGER 2 SPACECRAn 188-38-52 W87-70219 506-45-W W87-70077 Energetic Particles and Plasmas in the Magnetospheres Gamma Ray Astronomy VIERATION of Jupiter and Saturn 188-46-57 W87-70229 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 442-20-04 W87-70296 Arid Lands Geobotany 505-61-00 W87-7m4 677-42-09 W87-70387 VIBRATION ISOLATORS Topographic Profile Analysis Gravily Field Mission Studies 677-43-24 W87-70391 67659-10 W87-70368 WEAR VIBRATIONAL STRESS WASTE TREATMENT Materials and Structures Research and Technology Vibroacoustic HabitabilityIProductly Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 506-43-00 W87-70063 199-1340 W87-70249 506-4140 W87-70052 WEATHER VIDEO DISKS WATER Information Sciences Research and Technology Space Data and Communications Research and 506-45-00 W87-70072 Technology Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 505-61-00 W87-7ooo5 Meteorological Parameters Extraction 506-44-00 W87-70070 Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling 146-66-01 W87-70111 VIKING SPACECRAFT Atmospheric Parameter Mapping 154-90-80 W87-70169 Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets 146-72-06 W87-70119 Physical and Dynamical Models of the Climate on 151-01 -60 W87-70140 Atmospheric Dynamics and Radiation Science Support Mars Physical and Dynamical Models of the Climate on 14672-09 W87-70120 Mars 155-04-80 W87-70170 WEATHER FORECASTING 155-04-80 W87-70170 Aerosol Formation Models Microwave Pressure Sounder VISCOUS FLOW 672-31-02 W87-70335 146-72-01 W87-70114 Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Chemistry of Stratosphere Polar Motion and Earth Models 505-60-00 W87-7m2 67362-04 W87-70342 676-30-44 W87-70364

1-51 WEIGHT (MASS) SUBJECT INDEX

WEIGHT (MASS) WIND TUNNEL TESTS X RAY DIFFRACTION Optical Technology for Space Astronomy Applied Aerodynamics Research and Techdogy A Laboratory lnvestiatiin01 the Fwnatin. Properties 188-41-23 W87-70223 505-61-00 W87-7o004 and Evolution of Presolar Grains 152-12-40 W87-70150 WEIGHT REDUCTION Flight Systems Research and Technology Oblique Wing Technology 505-68-00 W87-70023 XRAYFLUORESCENCE Planetary Materials: Chemistry 533-06-00 W87-70039 Technology for Next Generation Rotorcraft 152-13-40 W87-70151 Space Flight Research and Technology 532-09-00 W87-70034 50648-00 W87-70086 X RAY IMAGERY High-Performance Flight Research Advanced Mission Study Solar X-Ray Pinhole Occulter WEIGHTLESSNESS 533-02-00 W87-70035 Facility (POF) Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology High-Performance Flight Research 506-4100 W87-70051 159-38-03 W87-70188 533-02-00 W87-70036 Optiil Technology for Space Astronomy X-ray Astronomy 188-41-23 W87-70223 Advanced Turboprop Systems 188-46-59 W87-70230 535-03-00 W87-70040 Longitudinal Studies (Medical Operations Longitudinal X-ray Astronomy 879-31-46 W87-70410 Studies) Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets 199-11-21 W87-70244 151-01-60 W87-70140 X RAY SOURCES Space Stabon Health Maintenance Facility Planetary Instrument Definition and Development X-ray Astronomy 188-46-59 W87-70230 199-11-31 W87-70245 Program ~ Titan Atmospheric Analysis Space Adaptation Syndrome 157-04-80 W87-70183 X-ray Astronomy 199-12-51 W07-70248 WIND TUNNELS 879-31-46 W87-70410 Cardiovascular Research (JSC) Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology X RAY SPECTROSCOPY 199-21-11 W87-70251 505-60-00 W87-7ooo3 X-Gamma Neutron GammaIlnStNment Definition 157-03-50 W87-70182 Cardiovascular Physiology Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 199-21-1 2 W87-70252 505-61-00 W87-70006 X-RaylGamma-Ray Facility Program Endocnnology and Physwloglcal Control (Hematology. 838-59-50 W87-70405 Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology Sounding Rocket (Spartan) Experiments (High Energy Endocnnology, and Nutntion) 506-40-00 W87-70045 199-21-51 W87-70253 Astrophysics) Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets 879-11-46 W87-70409 Bone Physiology 151 -02-63 W87-70144 X RAY TELESCOPES 199-22-31 W87-70256 WIND VELOCITY Bone Physiology Advanced Mission Study Solar X-Ray Pinhole Occulter Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies Facility (POF) 199-22-32 W87-70257 14666-02 W87-70112 Bone Loss 159-38-03 W07-70188 Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) 199-22-34 W87-70258 146-72-04 W87-70117 Muscle Physiology 159-46-01 W87-70192 Atmospheric Dynamics and Radiation Science Support Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware 199-22-44 W87-70260 146-72-09 W87-70120 188-38-51 W87-70218 Microgravity Science Research Laboratory Microwave Temperature Profiler for the ER-2 Aircraft 674-27-05 W87-70358 Gamma Ray Astronomy for Support of the StratosphericlTropospheric Exchange 186-4647 W87-70229 WEST GERMANY Project Terrestnal Ecosystems Spectral Characterization of X RAYS 147-14-07 W87-70127 Systems Analysis Forest Decline Damage Gas Correlation Wind Sensor 506-49-00 W87-70094 677-21-25 W87-70377 147-18-02 W87-70129 WIDE ANGLE LENSES Ground-BasedObSeNatiOnS of the Sun Advanced Scatterometry 188-38-52 W87-70219 Manner Mark II tmagmg W87-70193 161-10-08 Optical Technology for Space Astronomy 157-03-08 W87-70180 TheoreticallNumericaI Study of the Dynamics of Ocean WIND (METEOROLOGY) 188-41-23 W87-70223 Waves Astrophysical CCD Development Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies 161-80-37 W87-70206 188-78-60 W87-70233 146-66-02 W87-70112 Effects of a Large-Scale Wave-Field Component on Troposphenc Wind Measurement Assessment ParticleAccelerator Facility: Maintenance and Operation Scatterometer-DerivedWinds of a Calibration Facility for Magnetospheric and 146-72-04 W87-70117 161-80-41 W87-70209 Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions Solar-Terrestrial Experiments Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions 442-3667 W87-70302 161-80-42 W87-70210 161-80-42 W87-70210 Sounding Rocket (Spartan) Experiments (High Energy Aerosol Formation Models Quantitative Modelling Of the Astrophysics) 672-31-02 W87-70335 Magnetospherellonosphere lnteraction Including Neutral Satellite Measurement of Land Surface Parameters for 879-11-46 W87-70409 Winds X WING ROTORS Climate Studies 442-36-55 W87-70300 677-21-36 W87-70382 Materials and Structures Research and Technology WIND VELOCITY MEASUREMENT 505-63-00 W87-70011 WIND DIRECTION Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment Technology for Next Generation Rotorcraft Microwave Temperature Profiler for the ER-2 Aircraft 146-72-04 W87-70117 532-09-00 W87-70034 for Support of the StratosphericlTropospheric Exchange Gas Correlation Wind Sensor Project 147-18-02 W87-70129 147-14-07 W87-70127 WINGS Y Advanced Scatterometry Flight Systems Research and Technology 161-1 0-08 W87-70193 505-68-00 W87-70023 VAG LASERS Landforms in Polar Regions Microwave Pressure Sounder Program Development (GSFC) 677-43-22 W87-70389 146-72-01 W87-70114 677-80-80 W87-70398 WIND EFFECTS WORKLOADS (PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY) YIELD STRENGTH Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Ceramics for Turbine Engines 151-01-60 W87-70140 505-61-00 W87-70004 533-05-00 W87-70038 Theoretical Studies of Planetary Bodies WORKSTATIONS 151-02-61 W87-70143 Human Factors Research and Technology Planetology Aeolian Processes on Planets 505-67-00 W87-70019 Z 151-02-63 W87-70144 Atmospheric Parameter Mapping TheoreticallNumencal Study of the Dynamics of Ocean 146-72-06 W87-70119 ZEOLITES Waves Workstation Research and Development Lunar Base Controlled Ecological Life Support System 161-80-37 W87-70206 656-42-01 W8 7 - 70 3 2 8 199-61-11 W87-70280 WIND EROSION Advanced Systems Architecture ZONE MELTING Planetology Aeolian Processes on Planets 656-44-10 W87-70329 Electronic and Optical Materials 151-01-60 W87-70140 Image Processing Capability Upgrade 674-21-08 W87-70345 Planetology Aeolian Processes on Planets 677-80-22 W87-70397 151-02-63 W87-70144 WIND MEASUREMENT Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies X 146-66-02 W87-70112 X RAY ASTRONOMY Atmosphenc Backscatter Expenment Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) 146-72-11 W87-70122 159-46-01 W87-70192 Advanced Scatterometry X-ray Astronomy 161-10-08 W87-70193 188-46-59 W87-70230 WIND SHEAR Sounding Rocket (Spartan) Experiments (High Energy Flight Systems Research and Technology Astrophysics) 505-68-00 W87-70022 879-1 1-46 W87-70409 Global SEASAT Wind Analysrs and Studies X-ray Astronomy 146-66-02 W87-70112 879-31-46 W87-70410 TheoreticallNumencal Study of the Dynamics of Ocean X RAY ASTROPHYSICS FAClLlTY Waves Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) 161-80-37 W87-70206 159-46-01 W87-70192

1-52 TECHNICAL MONITOR INDEX

RTOP SUMMARY FISCAL YEAR 1987 Qpicai Technical Monitor Index Listing TECHNICAL

ARNOLD, J. 0. AeroMermo6ynamics Research and Technology 506-40-00 W87-70046 I I BARNES, A. BROWNE, 1. D. I-kqNUMBER ACCESSION Magnetospheric Physics . Particles and Parlicle/Field Planetary Materials: Mineralogy and Petrology NUMBER Interaction 152-11-40 W87-70148 442-3655 W87-70299 Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology BATHKER, D. 152-12-40 W87-70149 A title IS used to provide a more exact description Antenna Systems Development Planetary Materials: Chemistry of the subject matter The RTOP accession number 310-20-65 W67-70422 152-13-40 W87-70151 is used to locate the bibliographic citations and BAUTISTA, J. J. Planetary Materials: Isotope Studies technical summaries in the Summary Section Radio Systems Development 152-15-40 W87-70154 310-20-66 W67-70423 Planetary Materials: Surface and Exposure Studies BECHTEL, R. T. 152-17-40 W87-70155 A Space Energy Conversion Research and technology BUCHANAN, H. J. 506-41-00 W87-70049 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology ABBOTT. Y. R. 506-4600 W67-70081 BENCZE. D. P. BUNCH, T. Ocean Productivity Advanced Turboprop Systems Cosmic Evolution of Biogenic Compounds 161-30-02 W87-70195 535-0300 W67-70041 ABRAYS, M. 199-52-1 2 W67-70272 BLACK, R. E. BURLAGA, L F. Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains Metals and Alloys 677-41-29 W87-70386 Data Analysis - Space Plasma Physics 674-25-08 W87-70353 442-20-02 ACKERYAN. T. P. Ground Experiment Operations Climate Modeling with Emphasis on Aerosols and 674-2648 W87-70360 Clouds 672-3242 W87-70337 BLANCHARD, D. P. C ACUNA, Y. H. Planetary Materials: Collection. Preservation. and GIOTTO. Magnetic Field Experiments Distribution CANUTO, V. 156-03-05 W87-70177 152-20-40 W87-70157 Research in Astrophysics: Solar Syst ALLAMANDOLA, L J. BLANKENSHIP, C. P. 166-80-02 Laboratory Study of Chemical and Physical Properties Materials and Structures Research and Technology CARLE, 0. C. of Interstellar PAHs 505-63-00 W87-70009 Mars Exobiology Research Consortium 188-41-57 W87-70226 Advanced Rotorcraft Technology 155-20-80 ALTERESCU, S. 532-06-00 W87-70033 Planetary Instrument Definition and Medical Information Management System (MIMS) Advanced Turboprop Systems Program - Titan Atmosphecic Analysis (Computer Aided Diagnostic with Mathematical Model) 535-03-00 W87-70040 157-04-80 199-70-33 W87-70285 Materials and Structures Reasearch and Technology Solar System Exploration ARNAUD. S. 8. 506-43-00 W87-70058 199-52-52 Bone Physiology BLOM. R. Data Analysis - Exobiology in 199-22-32 W87-70257 Tectonics of Western Basin and Range Exploration ARNO, R. D. 677-43-21 W87-70388 199-70-22 W87-70284 Space Station Life Sciences BOLDT, E. A. Advanced Technology Development - Future Life 199-90-62 W87-70290 X-ray Astronomy Sciences Flight Experiments ARNOLD, J. 0. 188-46-59 W87-70230 199-80-62 W87-70288 Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology CAROFF, L J. W87-70046 Sounding Rocket (Spartan) Experiments (High Energy 506-40-00 Theoretical Studies Active Galaxies and Quasi-Stellar Materials and Structures Research and Technology Astrophysics) of Objects (QSOs) 506-4300 W87-70062 879-11-46 W87-70409 186-46-01 Space Flight Research and Technology BONDURANT, R. L, JR. W87-70227 506-4800 W87-70086 Life Sciences Education CAUSEY, F. D. AUYANN, H. H. 199-90-68 W87-70291 imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice Troposphenc Temperature Sounder BORUCKI, W. J. 161-40-02 W87-70 I98 146-72-02 W87-70115 Planetary Lightning and Analysis of Voyager CASSEN. P. Y. Observations Formation. Evolution. and Stability of Protostellar 154-90-80 W67-70168 Disks B BOWMAN, 0. H. 151 -02-65 W87-70146 AT0 Near Term Flight Hardware Definition CASSIMUS, 0. D. BAGWELL, J. W. 199-80-92 W67-70289 Information Sciences Research and Technology Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies BRANDHORST, ti. W. 505-65-00 W87-70013 643-10-01 W87-70305 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology CAUDILL, L 0. Advanced Studies 506-41-00 W87-70051 ACTS/Laser Communications Experiment: Laser 643-10-05 W87-70309 Systems Analysis Intersatellite Communications Proof-of-Concept (POC) Experiments Coordination and Mission Support 506-49-00 W87-70095 Development 646-41-01 W87-70310 BRANDT, J. C. 650-60-26 W87-70318 Applications Experiments Program Support The Large-Scale Phenomena Program of the CHAHINE, Y. T. 646-41-02 W87-70311 International Halley Watch (IHW) Space Communications Systems Antenna Technology Meteorological Parameters Extraction 156-02-02 W87-70174 146-6641 W67-70111 650-60-20 W87-70313 BROOKS, W. Satellite Switching and Processing Systems InterdisciplinaryScience Support Systems Analysis 147-51-12 W87-70137 650-60-21 W87-70314 506-49-00 W87-70094 CHAI, A. RF Components for Satellite Communications BROWN, 1. D. Fluid Dynamics and Transpott Phenomena Systems Planetary Materials: Geochronology 674-24-05 ' W87-70349 650-60-22 W87-70315 152-14-40 W87-70153 Communications Laboratory for Transponder BROWN, J. W. CHANG, S. Development Human Factors Research and Technology Planetary Materials-Carbonaceous Meteorites 650-60-23 W87-70316 506-47-00 W87-70084 152-13-60 W87-70152 Advanced Studies Man-Machine Engineering Requirements for Data and Prebiotic Evolution 650-60-26 W87-70317 Functional Interfaces 199-52-22 W87-70273 BAILEY, F. R. 199-61-41 W87-70262 CHAPPELL, C. R. Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) BROWN, S. K. Space Plasma Data Analysis 536-01-00 W87-70044 ParticleAccelerator Facility: Maintenance and Operation 442-20-01 W67-70294 BARBER, Y. R. of a Calibration Facility for Magnetospheric and CHARLES, J. 8. Oblique Wing Technology Solar-Terrestrial Experiments Cardiovascular Research (JSC) 533-06-00 W87-70039 442-36-57 W87-70302 199-21-11 W87-70251

1-53 CHRISTENSEN, C. S. MONITOR INDEX

CHRISTENSEN, C. S. Data Survey and Evaluation Space Systems and Navigation Technology 147-51-01 W87-70136 G 310-10-63 W87-70416 DES MARAIS, 0. CHRISTODOULIDIS,D. C. Evolution of Advanced Life GABRIS, E. Gravity Field and Geoid 199-52-42 W87-70277 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 676-40-10 W87-70366 DICKEY, J. 0. 506-41-00 W87-70053 CINTRON, N. M. Polar Motion and Earth Models Propulsion Research and Technology Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology. 676-30-44 W87-70364 506-42-00 W8 7- 70 0 5 7 .Endocrinology, and Nutrition) DIXON, T. H. GARDNER, L B. 199-21-51 W87-70253 GPS Positioning of a Manne Buoy for Plate Motion Glasses and Ceramics COHEN. E. A. Studies 674-26-08 W87-70357 676-59-45 W87-70372 MillimeterISubmillimeter Laboratory Spectroscopy GARVIN. J. B. 8. 147-23-10 W87-70135 DO", Topographic Profile Analysis A Laboratory Invesbgation the Formation, Properties of 677-4324 W87-70391 COLLINS, D. J. and Evolution of Presolar Grains Fluorescence of Marine Plankton 152-1 2-40 W87-70150 GARY, 8. L 161-3045 W87-70197 DUKE, M. B. Microwave Temperature Profiler for the ER-2 Aircraft COLLINS, S. A. General Operationsand Laboratory Facilities - Planetary for Support of the StratosphericlTropospheric Exchange Advanced CCD Camera Development Materials Project 157-01-70 W87-70179 152-30-40 W87-70158 147-14-07 W87-70127 Astrophysical CCD Development DURRANI, S. H. GATLIN. D. H. 188-78-60 W87-70233 Network Communications Technology Flight Systems Research and Technology CONDON, 0. W. 310-20-38 W87 70416 50568-00 W87-70023 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology GIBSON, E. K.. JR. 505-6640 W87-70018 Characteristics of Volatiles in Interplanetary Dust CONNOLLY. D. J. E Particles Space Data and Communications Research and 199-52-31 W67-70275 Technology ELACHI, C. GLAZMAN, R. E. 506-44-00 W87-70069 Atmosphenc Dynamics and Radiation Science Support Effects of a Large-Scale Wave-Field Component on 146-72-09 W87-70120 lnlormation Sciences Research and Technology Scatterometer-DerivedWinds DetaileeIUpper Atmosphere Research Program 161-60-41 W87-70209 506-45-00 W87-70076 147-52-01 W87-70138 GORMAN, S. A. CORCORAN, M. L Ocean Processes Branch Scientific Program Support Gravity-SensingSystems Space Data and Communications Research and 161-50-03 W87-70203 Technology 199-40-12 W87-70269 Geology Program Support 506-44-00 W87-70071 COX, K. J. 677-60-19 W87-70396 GRANT, T. L Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Development of Dual Frequency and MultispectralRadar 506-46-00 W87-70082 Space Data Communications Research and MapperlSounder D. technology CRAMBLIT. C. 838-59-04 W87-70403 Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) 506-44-00 W87-70068 ELLEMAN, D. D. 159-46-01 W87-70192 GRAY, H. Metals and Alloys CRAWFORD. J. P. Metals and Alloys 674-25-04 W87-70351 Examination of Chukchi Air-Sea-Ice Processes 674.25-05 W87-70352 EVANS, 0. L. 161-40-30 W87-70201 GREENBAUER-SENG. L CREEDON, J. F. New Techniques for Quantitative Analysis 01 SAR Microgravity Science Research Laboratory Images Inlormation Sciences Research and Technology 674-27-05 W87-70358 677-46-02 W8 7- 70 3 9 5 505-65-00 W87-70014 GREENBERG, E. Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Standard Format Data Unit 505-66-00 W87-70016 656-11-02 W87-70320 Human Factors Research and Technology F GRINDELAND, R. E. 505-67-00 W87-70019 Muscle Physiology Space Data and Communications Research and FICHTEL. C. E. 199-22-42 W67-70259 Technology Gamma Ray Astronomy 506-44-00 W87-70065 188-46-57 W87-70229 GRISAFFE, S. J. Controls and Guidance Research and Technology FISCHER. J. R. Materials and Structures Research and technology 506-46-00 W87-70079 MPP MaintenancelOperations 505-63-00 W67-70012 Automation and Robotics Technology 656-13-25 W87-70322 Materials and Structures Research and Technology 549-01-00 W87-70107 MPP Software (Systems and Applications) 506-43-00 W87-70063 CROW, B. 656-20-26 W87 70325 GULL, T. R. DSN Monitor and Control Technology FISHMAN, 0. J. Optical Technology for Space Astronomy 310-30-68 W87-70425 Gamma Ray Astronomy and Related Research 188-41-23 W8 7- 70 2 2 3 CUnl. J. N. 188-46-57 W87-70228 GURNEY, R. J. Ring Dynamics and Morphology FITZMAURICE, M. Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) 151-02-67 W87-70147 Materials and Structures Research and Technology 677-22-28 W87-70384 506-43-00 W87-70060 GUY, W. W. Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology FLOWER, 0. A. D 506-41-00 W87-70052 Microwave Pressure Sounder DABBS, J. R. 146-72-01 W87-70114 Advanced Mission Study Solar X-Ray Pinhole Occulter FORD, J. P. H Facility (POF) Landforms in Polar Regions 159-38-03 W87-70188 677-43-22 W87-70389 HABERLE, R. DALTON, J. FOUSHEE, H. C. Physical and Dynamical Models 01 the Climate on Space Data and Communications Research and Crew Productlvity Mars Technology 199-22-62 W87-70261 155-04-80 W87-70170 506-44-00 W87-70067 FRASCHETTI, T. HAGAN, D. E. DAUNTON. N. 0. Mariner Mark II Imaging IR Remote Sensing of SST Neurophysiology 157-03-08 W87-70160 146-72-03 W87-70116 199-22-22 W87-70255 FRASER, R. S. IR Remote Sensing of SST DAVIS, C. 0. Satellite Monitonng of Air Pollution 161-30-03 W87-70196 Analysis 01 Oceanic Productivity 176-10-04 W87-70212 HAGYARD, M. J. 161-50-07 W87-70204 Research in Solar Vector Magnetic Fields FREILICH, M. H. DEERING. 0. W. 188-38-52 W87-70220 TheoreticalINumencal Study of the Dynamics of Ocean Remote Sensing Science Program HALL, F. 0. Waves 677-24-01 W87-70385 Forest Biomass 161-80-37 W67-70206 DEGNAN, J. J. 677-21-05 W87-70375 Laser Ranging Development Study FREY, H. HALPERN, D. 676-59-32 W87-70370 Mars Geology Crustal Dichotomy and Crustal Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions DEL GENIO, A. D. Evolution 161-80-42 W87-70210 Extensions and Testing of the Hydrologic 151-02.50 W87-70141 HAREL, M. Parameterization in the GlSS Atmospheric GCM FRIPP, A. L. Quantitative Modelling of the 672-31-12 W67-70336 Electronic Matenals, Vapor Growth and Low-g Gravity Magnetospherellonosphere Interaction Including Neutral DEMORE. W. 8. Techniques Winds Chemical Kinetics of the Upper Atmosphere 674-21-06 W87-70344 442-36-55 W87-70300 147-21-03 W87-70130 FU. L HARRIS, L. A. Photochemistry of the Upper Atmosphere Ocean Circulation and Satellite Altimetry Systems Analysis 147-22-01 W87-70131 161-80-38 W87-70207 506-49-00 W87-70096 1-54 MONITOR INDEX MORGAN, S. H.

HARRIS, R. V. JORDAN, S. D. LOGAN, J. S. Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware Space Station Exercise Countermeasures 505-6140 W87-7oO04 188-38-51 W87-70218 199-11-1 1 W87-70243 Propulsion and Power Research and Technology Space Station Health Maintenance Facility 505-62-00 W87-70007 199-11 -31 W87-70245 Flight Systems Research and Technology K LU. Y. c. 505-6840 W87-70022 Advanced Systems Architecture Systems Analysis KAKAR, R. K. 656-44-10 W87-70329 505-69-00 W87-70025 AMSU Research Studies LUM, H. High-PerformanceFlight Research 146-72-05 W87-70118 Automation and Robotics Technology 533-02-00 W87-70035 KEATING, 1. 549-01-00 W87-70106 HARRIS, R. V., JR. Geopotential Research Mission (GRM) Studies Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 676-59-10 W87-70367 M 50560-00 W87-7OOO1 KERWIN, J. P. HARTLE, R. E. InterdisciplinaryResearch Atmosphere-Ionosphere-MagnetosphereInteractions MACE, W. D. 199-90-71 W87-70292 Information Sciences Research and Technology 442-2041 W87-70293 KEY, R. HARTMANN, M. J. 506-45-00 W87-70072 Space Flight Research and Technology Control of Flexible Structures Flight Experiment InterdisciplinaryTechnology 506-48-00 W87-70089 505-90-00 W87-70031 542-06-00 W87-70104 KEY, R. W. MACELROY, R. D. InterdisciplinaryTechnology Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 506-9040 W87-70100 Bioregeneratlve Life Support Research (CELSS) 506-4 1-00 W87-70048 199-61-12 W87-70281 HARTOP, R. Propulsion Research and Technology Advanced Transmitted Systems Development MACK, L M. 506-42-00 W87-70054 Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 310-20-64 W87-70421 Materials and Structure Research and Technology HENNINGER. D. L 505-60-00 W87-70002 506-43-00 W87-70059 MAH, R. W. Lunar Base Controlled Ecological Life Support System Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 199-61-11 W87-70280 Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) 506-4640 W87-70080 199-80-32 W87-70286 HEPPNER, J. P. Systems Analysis Particle and Particlef Photon Interactions (Atmospheric MALEKI. L 506-49-00 W87-70091 Frequency and Timing Research Magnetospheric Coupling) KLOSE, J. C. 442-3666 W87-70301 310-10-62 W87-70415 NASA Ocean Data System (NODS) MANAlT. S. L. Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics 161-40-10 W87-70200 Experiments Bone Loss KRONMILLER, G. C., JR. 199-22-34 W87-70258 445-1 1-36 W87-70304 Network Systems Technology Development HIBBARD, W. D. MANDEL, A. D. 310-20-33 W87-70417 Hematology, Immunology and Endocnnology Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility KUTYNA, F. A. 188-78-46 W87-70232 199-21-52 W87-70254 Space Adaptation Syndrome MARKLEY. F. L HILLAND, J. E. 199-12-51 W87-70248 Oceanic Remote Sensing Library Flight Dynamics Technology 161-50-02 W87-70202 310-1 0-26 W87-70412 HOCHSTEIN, L 1. L MATSON, P. A. The Early Evolution of Life Tropical Ecosystem Research 199-30-62 W87-70266 199-52-32 W87-70276 LAMPKIN, 8. A. HOCKENSMITH, R. P. Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology MCCALEB, F. W. Advanced Space Systems for Users of NASA 505-61-00 W87-70006 Data Processing Technology Networks LANE, J. W. 31 0-40-46 W87-70431 310-20-46 W87-70420 Technology for Next Generation Rotorcran MCCLEESE, D. J. HOLCOMB, L 6. 532-09-00 W87-70034 Gas Correlation Wind Sensor Human Factors Research and Technology LANGEL, R. A. 147-1042 W87-70129 505-67-00 W87-70020 Geopotential Fields (Magnetic) Development of the Pressure Modulator Infrared Space Data and Communications Research and 676-40-02 W87-70365 Radiometer Technology Determination and Inversion of Crustal Magnetic 838-59-03 W87-70402 506-44-00 W87-70070 Fields MCCREIGHT, C. R. Information Sciences Research and Technology 677-45-06 W87-70394 Information Sciences Research and Technology 506-45-00 W87-70074 LAWLESS, J. G. 506-45-00 W87-70075 Automation and Robotics Technology Biospheric Monitoring and Disease Prediction MCGARRY, F. E. 549-01-00 W87-70105 199-30-32 W87-70265 Software Engineering Technology W87-70411 HOLCOMB, P. L LEGER, L J. 310-10-23 Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Materials and Structures Research and Technology MCINTOSH, R. 505-60-00 W87-70003 506-43-00 W87-70064 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology HOLLENBACH, D. J. LESH, J. R. 506-41-00 W87-70050 Study of Large Deployable Reflector for Infrared and Oplical Communication Technology Development MCKEITHAN, Submillimeter Astronomy 310-20-67 W87-70424 c. m. Materials and Structures Research and Technology 159.41-01 W87-70190 LEVINE. J. S. 505-63-00 W87-70011 Center for Star Formation Studies Early Atmosphere: Geochemistry and Photochemistry 188-48-52 W87-70231 199-52-26 W87-70274 MELBOURNE, W. 0. HOLTON, E. M. LEVINE, S. GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional Biological Adaptation Glasses and Ceramics Geodesy in the Canbbean 676-59-31 W87-70369 199-40-32 W87-70271 674-26-05 W87-70356 HUNTRESS, W. T., JR. LEVINE. S. R. MENZIES, R. 1. Aeronomy Theory and AnalysislComet Models Ceramics fw TurtAne Engines Troposphenc Wind Measurement Assessment 146-72-04 W87-70117 154-60-80 W87-70166 533-05-00 W87-70038 HURD, W. LI, F. Lidar Target Calibration Facility 146-72-10 W87-70121 Network Sinal Processing Airborne Rain Mapping Radar System 31 0-30-70 W87-70426 146-6605 W87-70113 Atmosphenc Backscaner Expenment HUSSEY, K. J. Advanced Scanerometry 146-72-11 W87-70122 161-10-08 W87-70193 Atmospheric Parameter Mapping MIKKELSON, D. C. 146-7246 W87-70119 LIEBERMAN, D. Systems Analysis Interactions of Environment and Vegetation 505-69-00 W87-70027 Composition. Structure. and Function on a Major.. TrODiCal MOLINA, M. J. J Ecocline Atmosphenc Photochemistfy 677-21-33 W87-70380 147-22-02 W87-70132 LIEBRECHT, P. JARVIS, C. R. MOORE, R. L Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Tracking of High-PerformanceFlight Research Structure and Evolution of Solar Magnetic Fields the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TORS) 188-38-53 W87-70221 533-0240 W87-70036 310-20-39 W87-70419 JENNINGS, D. E. LIKENS, W. MOORE, 1. E. Atomic and Molecular Properties of Planetary Pilot Land Data System (PLDS) Space Plasma SRT Atmospheric Constituents 656-13-50 W87-70324 442-36-55 W87-70298 154-50-80 W87-70164 LIKENS, W. C. MOORMAN, J. C. Ground-Based Infrared Astronomy Workstation Research and Development PACE Flight Experiments 198-41-50 W87-70237 656-42-01 W87-70328 674-24-06 W87-70350 JORDAN, S. LIU, W. T. MORGAN, S. H. Ground-BasedObservations of the Sun Remote Sensing of Air-Sea Fluxes Superconducting Gravity Gradiometer 188-38-52 W87-70219 161-80-15 W87-70205 676-59-33 W87-70371 1-55 MORRISON, D. R. MONITOR INDEX

MORRISON, D. R. Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - Global Biotechnology Research 0 Simulations 674-23-01 W87-70347 677-92-24 W87-70401 MOSELY, E. C. OGILVIE, K. W. PRUSHA, S. L Longitudinal Studies (Medical Operations Longitudinal Particles and ParticlelField Interactions In-Flight Diagnostic Sensors Studies) 442-36-55 W87-70297 199-11-34 W87-70247 199-11-21 W87-70244 OLIVER, E. M. PUESCHEL, R. MUMMA, M. J. The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Ames Multi-Program Support for Climate Research 199-52-62 Planetary Instrument Development ProgramlPlanetary W87-70279 672-50-99 W87-70338 Astronomy OMURA. M. PUESCHEL, R. F. lnterdisciplinaw Technoloav 157-0540 W87-70186 .. -. Aerosol and Gas Measurements Addressing Aerosol 505-90-00 W87-70030 Climatic Effects Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic ORTON. G. S. Planetary Detection 672-21-99 W87-70332 Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures 196-4164 W87-70239 154-40-80 W87-70163 MURPHY, A. Information Sciences Research and Technology Q 506-45-00 W87-70073 P OUSLEY, 0.. SR. MURPHY, J. P. Magnolia1Magnetic Field Explorer Development of Space Infrared Telescope Facility PARKE, M. E. 676-59-80 W87-70374 (SIRTF) CurrentslTides from Altimetry 159-41 -06 W87-70191 161-20-07 W87-70194 PATZERT, W. C. R Space Oceanography N 161-80-43 W87-70211 RENFROW, J. T. PAYLOR, E. P. Planetary Data System and Coordination NACHTWEY, D. S. Pilot Land Data System 155-20-70 W87-70171 Radiobiology 656-13-50 W87-70323 Planetary Data System 199-22-71 W87-70262 PEAK, S. 656-80-01 W87-70331 NADERI, F. M. Network Hardware and Software Development Tools RICCIO, J. H. Mobile Communications Technology Development 310-40-72 W87-70433 Multi-Sensor Balloon Measurements PERKINS, D. C. 650-60-15 W87-70312 147-16-01 W87-70128 Expert Systems for Automation of Operations RICHMOND, R. J. NAGEL, D. C. 310-40-44 W87-70429 Propulsion Research and Technology Human Factors Research and Technology PETERSON, D. L 506-42-00 W87-70055 505-67-00 W87-70021 Biogeochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems ROEEINS, D. E. Human Factors Research and Technology 199-30-72 W87-70267 In-Situ Measurements of Stratospheric Ozone 506-47-00 W87-70083 Forest Evapotranspirationand Production 147-11-05 W87-70123 NEIGHBORS, A. K. 677-21-31 W87-70378 ROBERTS, D. 0. Gravity Probe-B Biogeochemical Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 188-78-62 W87-70234 677-21-35 W87-70381 505-66-00 W87-70017 NELSON, R. W. PETRASH, D. A. ROCK, E. N. Systems Engineering and Management Technology Propulsion Research and Technology Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of 310-40-49 W87-70432 506-42-00 W87-70056 Forest Decline Damage NEUGEEAUER, M. Advanced Earth-to-Orbit Systems Technology 677-21-25 W87-70377 GIOTTO - Ion Mass Spectrometer, Co-Investigator 525-02-00 W87-70102 Arid Lands Geobotany support PFISTER, L 677-42-09 W87-70387 156-03-03 W87-70175 Analysis of Troposphere-StratosphereExchange ROONEY, J. A. Solar and Heliospheric Physics Data Analysis 673-42-01 W8 7 - 70 3 3 9 Ultrasound Detection of Bends 188-38-01 W87-70216 PHINNEY, W. C. 199-11-34 W87-70246 NEUPERT, W. M. Planetary geology Ultrasound Image Enhancement 151-0 1-20 Sounding Rocket Experiments W87-70139 199-80-34 W87-70287 Early Crustal Genesis 879-11-38 W87-70407 ROSEN. C. R. 152-19-40 W87-70156 Systems Analysis NEWEURN, R. L, JR. PICKETT, H. M. 505-69-00 International Halley Watch W87-70028 Far Infrared Balloon Radiometer for OH ROSSOW, W. 156-02-02 W67-70173 147-12-1 5 W87-70126 Expenmental Cloud Analysis Techniques NICHOLS, D. A. PIERI, D. C. 672-22-06 W87-70333 Space Data and Communications Research and Remote Sensing of Volcanic Features Technology 677-43-25 W87-70392 506-44-00 W87-70066 Design Definition for a Planetary Thermal Infrared S EOS High Rate Data System Testbed Multispectral Scanner (PTIMS) 656-25-01 W87-70326 838-59-80 W87-70406 SACKSTEDER, K. NIELSEN, J. N. PLOTKIN, H. Combustion Science InterdisciplinaryTechnology Information Sciences Research and Technology 674-22-05 W87-70346 506-90-00 W87-70099 506-45-00 W87-70078 SALOYONSON, V. V. Program Development (GSFC) NIXON, R. F. Automation and Robotics Technology 677-80-80 W87-70398 Systems Analysis 549-01-00 W67-70108 506-49-00 W87-70093 SAUMAN, J. POLEK. T. E. Ground Experiment Operations NJOKU, E. 0. NASA-Ames Research Center Vertical Gun Facility DetaileelNjoku 674-2045 W87-70359 151-0260 W67-70142 SANCHEZ, E. L 161-40-03 W87-70199 POLLACK, J. E. InterdisciplinaryTechnology Satellite Measurement of Land Sullace Parameters for Theoretical Studies of Planetary Bodies 505-90-00 W87-70032 Climate Studies 151-0261 W87-70143 InterdisciplinaryTechnology 677-21-36 W87-70382 Planetary Atmospheric Composition. Structure, and 506-90-00 W87-70101 NORTHROP, T. 0. History SANDER, S. P. Energetic Particles and Plasmas in the Magnetospheres 154-1 0-60 W87-70159 Kinetic Studies of Tropospheric Free Radicals of Jupiter and Saturn PRATHER, M. 176-30-01 W87-70214 442-20-04 W87-70296 Chemistry 01 Stratosphere SANDLER. H. NUNAMAKER, R. R. 673-62-04 W87-70342 Cardiovascular Physiology Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology Stratospheric Chemistry and Transport 199-21-1 2 W87-70252 506-40-00 W87-70045 673-64-04 W87-70343 SAROHIA, V. Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology PRESTON, R. A. Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology 50641-00 W87-70047 Astronomy and Relativity Data Analysis 505-61-00 W87-70005 J. Space Flight Research and Technology 188-41-21 W87-70222 SCARGLE, D. Detection of Other Planetary Systems 506-48-00 W87-70085 PRICE, J. M. System Analysis Consulting and Program Support 196-41-68 W87-70241 506-49-00 W87-70090 SCHATTE, C. L 674-29-08 W87-70362 Extended Data Base Analysis Space Radiation Effects and Protection PRICE, R. 199-22-76 W87-70263 199-70-12 W87-70283 Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - SCHNEIDER. V. S. NYQUIST, L E. Retrospective Studies Bone Physiology Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization 677-92-22 W87-70399 199-22-3 t Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote W87-70256 Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology ~ SCHNETZLER, C. C. Planetary Analyses Measurements Techniques Continental Accretion 157-03-40 W87-70181 677-92-23 W87-70400 677-43-23 W87-70390 MONITOR INDEX ZLOTNICKI, V.

SCHOBER, W. R. SWENSON, 8. L Automation and Robotics Study and Development of a Comet Nucleus Penetratw W 549-01-00 W87-70109 - Overguideline SCHULTZ, S. D. 157-04-80 W87-70184 WAITE, J. H.. JR. Image Processing Capability Upgrade SYKES, C. D. GAS UV Spectrometer 677-80-22 W87-70397 Information Sciences Research and Technology 154-60-80 W87-70165 SEKANINA, 2 506-45-00 W87-70077 Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling GIOlTO PIA &Investigator Support SYMONS, E. P. WALIGORA.154-9040 J. M. W87-70169 156-03-04 W87-70176 Space Fliht Research and Technology GIOTTO DlDSY Co-Investigator Support 506-48-00 W87-70087 Spacecraft Environmental Factors 156-0347 W87-70178 199-13-41 W87.70250 SEUER. R. H. WANG, T. G. Muscle Physiology T Microgravity Science and Applications Program 199-22-44 W87-70260 support SINGH. H. B. WATERS,674-29-04 J. W. W87-70361 Global Tropospheric Experiment Aircraft TAYLOR, P. T. Sources of Magnetic Anomaiy Field Measurements Balloon Microwave Limb Sounder (BMLS) Stratospheric 176-20-99 W87-70213 677-45-03 W87-70393 Measurements SMITH, A. TEIXEIRA, C. System Analysis 147-12-06 W87-70125 Ultraviolet Detectw Development WEBSTER, C. R. 188-41-24 W87-70224 506-49-00 W87-70097 Balloon-Borne Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer TELESCO. C. M. SMITH, A. M. 147-11-07 W87-70124 Sounding Rocket Experiments (Astronomy) Infrared Imaging 01 Comets Laser Laboratory Spectroscopy 879-11-41 W87-70408 196.41 -30 W87-70236 147-2349 W87-70134 SMITH, B. F. TEMKIN, A. Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets Thewetical Studies and Calculation of 157-04-80 W87-70185 151-0160 W87-70140 Electron-MoleculeCollision Processes Relevant to Space WEBSTER, W. J.. JR. Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets Plasma Physics Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Asteroids 151-0263 W87-70144 442-36-58 W87-70303 Using the VIA Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar TOMKO, D. L 196-41-51 W87-70238 Medium. Molecular Clouds, Star Formation Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) WEINBERQ, M. C. 188-41-53 W87-70225 199-22-92 W87-70264 Glass Research SMITH, E. C. TOON, 0. B. 674-26-04 W87-70355 Automation and Robotics Technology Planetary Clouds Particulates end Ices WEISSKOPF, Y. C. 549-01-00 W87-70110 154-30-80 W87-70161 X-ray Astronomy SMITH, E. J. Aerosol Fwmation Models 879-31-46 W87-70410 Solar Dynamics Observatory/Solar Oscillations Imager 672-31-02 W87-70335 WELLMAN, J. 8. 159-38-01 W87-70187 IR Mapper Advanced Magnetometer TOTH, R. A. Infrared Laboratory Spectroscopy in Support of 838-59-06 W87-70404 676-59-75 W87-70373 Stratospheric Measurements WHITTEN, R. C. SMITH, E. K. Multi-Dimensional Model Studies of the Mars 147-23-08 W87-70133 Propagation Studies and Measurements Ionosphere 643-10-03 W87-70307 TRAUGER, J. T. Optical Astronomy 154-60-80 W87-70167 SMITH, J. A. WILLIAMS, 0. L Forest Dynamics 196-41-71 W87-70242 Terrestrial Ecosystems TRAVIS, L 677-21-40 W87-70383 677-21-24 W87-70376 SMITH, M. C. Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres WILLIAMS, R. J. Information Sciences Research and Technology 154-40-80 W87-70162 High Temperature. Controlled Redox Studies 505-65-00 W87-70015 TREUHAFT, R. N. 674-2601 W87-70354 SMITH, P. H. Radio Metric Technology Development WOICESHYN, P. M. NASA Climate Data System 310-10-60 W87-70413 Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies 65631-05 W87-70327 TROMBKA, J. 1. 146-66-02 W87-70112 SOKOLOWSKI, 0. E. X-Gamma Neutron Gamma/lnstrument Definition WORLUND, A. L. Turbine Engine Hot Section Technology 157-03-50 W87-70182 Advanced Earth-To-OrbitSystems Technology 533-04-00 W87-70037 X-Ray/Gamma-Ray Facility Program 525-02-00 W87-70103 SOLOMON, J. E. 838-5960 W87-70405 HIRE Data Procesm TRUSZKOWSKI, W. 656-62-02 W87-70330 Human-To-Machine Interface Technology Y SONNABEND, D. 310-40-37 W87-70428 YATES, 1. C. Gravity Field Mission Studies TUCKER, C. J. Electronic and Optical Materials Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 676-59-10 W87-70368 674-21-08 W87-70345 sourn. J. c. 199-30-99 W87-70268 C. F. InterdisciplinaryTechnology YODER. Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment Earth Structure and Geophysics 505-90-00 W87-70029 677-21-32 W87-70379 676-30-05 W87-70383 InterdisciplinaryTechnology YOST, V. H. 506-90-00 W87-70098 Biotechnology SOUU, K. A. U 674-23-08 W87-70348 Developmental Biology URENA, J. YOUNG, R. E. 199-40-22 W87-70270 Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres SPANN, R. L SAlS Testbed Planning 154-20-80 W87-70160 Space Flight Systems Research and Technology 656-11-01 W87-70319 Stratospheric Dynamics 506-48-00 W87-70088 673-8143 W87-70341 SOUYRES, S. W. YUNCK, T. P. Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes V Earth Orbiier Tracking System Development 151-02-64 W87-70145 310-10-61 W87-70414 STEPHENS, D. 0. VAISNYS, A. Vibroacoustic Habitability/Prodwtivity Spectrum and Orbit Utiliiation Studies 199-13-40 W87-70249 643-10-01 W87-70306 STOLARSKI, R. S. Advanced Studies Z 643-10-05 W87-70308 Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling ZEIGENFUSS, VALERO, F. P. J. L 176-40-14 W87-70215 Mission Operations Technology Planetary Astronomy and Supporting Laboratciy STUDER, P. A. 310-40-45 W87-70430 Systems Analysis Research 196-41-67 ZIEYIANSKI, J. A. 506-49-00 W87-70092 W87-70240 Radiative Effects in Clouds First International Satellite Propulsion and Power Research and Technology SUESS, S. T. Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment 505-62-00 W87-70008 Modeling Coronal Structure and Energetics 672-22-99 W87-70334 Flight Systems Research and Technology 188-38-01 W87-70217 VENNERI, S. L 505-68-00 W87-70024 SWANSON, L Materials and Structures Research and Technology Advanced Turboprop Systems Communications Systems Research 505-63-00 W87-70010 535-03-00 W87-70042 310-30-71 W87-70427 Materials and Structures Research and Technology General Aviation/ Commuter Engine Technology SWANSON, P. N. 506-43-00 W87-70061 ZLOTNICKI,535-05-00 V. W87-70043 A Study of the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) for VETTE, J. I. Astronomy Applications Standard Formatted Data Unit - CCSDS Panel 2 Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature 159-41-01 W87-70189 656-11-02 W87-70321 161-80-40 W87-70208

1-57 ZUK, J. MONITOR INDEX

ZUK, J. Systems Analysis 505-69-00 W87-70026 ZUREK, R. W. Mesospheric Theory 673-61-02 W87-70340

1-58 RESPONSIBLE NASA ORGANIZATION INDEX

RTOP SUMMARY FISCAL YEAR 1987

vplcal Responsible NASA Organlzatlon Index Llstlng

Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets Prebiotic Evolution 151-02-63 W87-70144 199-52-22 W87-70273 ORGANIUTION Martian Geologic Features and Planetary Processes The Early Evolution 01 Life 15 1-02-64 W87-70145 199-5232 W67-70276 Formation, Evolution, and Stability of Protostellar EvolUtion of Advanced Life w1 Disks 199-52-42 W87.70277 Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt. Md. 151-0265 W87-70146 Solar System Exploratiin Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Ring Dynamics and Morphology 199-52-52 W87-70278 505-66-00 W87-70017 151-02-67 W87-70147 The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Planetary Materials-Carbonaceous Meteorites 199-52-62 W87-70279 152-1340 W87-70152 Bioregenerative Life Support Research (CELSS) Planetary Atmospheric Composition, Structure, and 199-61-12 W87-70281 History Extended Data Base Analysis I-ZqNUMBER ACCESSION 154-10-80 W87-70159 199-70-12 W87-70283 NUMBER Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres Data Analysis . Exobiology in Solar System 154-20-80 W87-70160 Exploration Planetary Clouds Particulates and ices 199-70-22 W67-70264 154-30-80 W87-70161 Listings in this index are arranged alphabetically by Vestibular Research Facility (VRF) Multi-Dimensional Model Studies of the Mars 199-80-32 W87-70286 Responsible NASA Organization. The title of the Ionosphere Advanced Technology Development - Future Life RTOP provides the user with a brief description of 154-6090 W87-70167 Sciences Flight Experiments the subject matter. The accession number denotes Planetary Lghtning and Analysis 01 Voyager 199.80-82 W87-70286 Observations ATD Near Term Flight Hardware Definition number by which the citation and the technical the 154-90-80 W87-70168 199-80-92 W87-70289 summary can be located within the Summary Physical and Dynamical Models of the Climate on Space Station Life Sciences Section. The titles are arranged under each Mars 199-90-62 W87.70290 155-04-80 W87-70170 Responsible NASA Organization in ascending Magnetospheric Physics ~ Partiiles and PartiilelField Mars Exobiology Research Consortium Interaction accession number order. 155-20-80 W87-70172 442-36-55 W87-70299 Planetary Instrument Definition and Development Pilot Land Data System (PLDS)

Program ~ Titan Atmospheric Analysis 656-13-50 W87-70324 A 157-04-80 W87-70183 Workstation Research and Development Study and Development of a Comet Nucleus Penetrator 656-42-01 W87-70328 Amen Rewanh Center, Moffett FMd, Callf. - Overguideline Aerosol and Gas Measurements Addressing Aerosol Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 157-04-80 W87-70184 Climatic Effects 505-60-00 W87-7ooo3 Study of Large Deployable Reflector lor Infrared and 672-21-99 W87-70332 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Submillimeter Astronomy Radiative Effects in clouds First International Satellite 505-61-00 W87-7ooO6 159-41-01 W87-70190 Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment Materials and Structures Research and Technology Development of Space Infrared Telescope Facility 672-22-99 W87-70334 505-63-00 W87-70011 (SIRTF) Aerosol Formation Models Information Wiences Research and Technology 159-41-06 W87-70191 672-31-02 W87-70335 505-65-00 W87-70015 Global Tropospheric Experiment Aircraft Climate Modeling with Emphasis on Aerosols and Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Measurements Clouds 505-66-00 W87-70018 176-20-99 W67-70213 672-32-02 W87-70337 Theoretical Studies of Galaxies. The Interstellar Human Factors Research and Technology Ames Multi-Program Support for Climate Research Medium. Molecular Clouds, Star Formation 505-6700 W87-70021 672-50-99 W87-70338 188-41-53 W87-70225 Analysis of Troposphere-StratosphereExchange Fliht Systems Research and Technology Labcfatory Study of Chemical and Physical Properties 673-42-01 W87.70339 505-6840 W87-70023 I 01 Interstellar PAHs Stratospheric Dynamics Systems Analysis 188-41-57 W87-70226 673-61-03 W87.70341 505-69-00 W67-70026 Theoretical Studies of Active Galaxies and Ouasi-Stellar Forest Evapotranspirationand Production InterdisciplinaryTechnology Objects (Osos) 677-21-31 w87.7037e 505-90-00 W87-70030 188-46-01 W87-70227 Biogeochemical Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems Technology for Next Generation Rotorcraft Center for Star Formatiin Studies 677-21-35 W87-70361 532-09-00 W87-70034 188-48-52 W87-70231 I High-PerformanceFlight Research Planetary Astronomy and Supporting Laboratory 533-02-00 W87-70036 Research G Oblique Wing Technology 196-41-67 W87-70240 533-06-00 W87-70039 Detection of Other Planetary Systems Goddard Inet. for Space Studlea, New Vork. Advanced Turboprop Systems 196-41-68 W87-70241 Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres I 535-0340 W67-70041 Cardiovascular Physiology 154-40-80 W87-7016; Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) 199-21-12 W87-70252 Research in AstroDhvsii.. cs: sa Niar SystemI. Tutbulencf 536-01 -00 W87-70044 Hematology. Immunology and Endocrinology 188-8042 W67-70235. Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology 199-21-52 W67-70254 ExperimentalCloud Analysis Techniques 506-4040 W67-70046 Neurophysiology 672-2240 W87-70333 Materials and Structures Research and Technology 199.22-22 W87-70255 Extensions and Testing of the Hydrologic 506-43-00 W87-70062 Bone Physiology Parameterization in the GlSS Atmospheric GCM Space Data Communications Research and 199-22-32 W6 7- 7 02 5 7 672-31-12 W87-70336 technology Muscle Physiology Chemistry of Stratosphere 506-44-00 W87-70068 199-22-42 W87-70259 673-62-04 W87-70342 information Sciences Research and Technology Crew Productivity Stratospheric Chemistry and Transport 506-45-00 W87-70075 199-22-62 W87-70261 673-64-04 W87-70343 Human Factors Research and Technology Vestibular Research Facility WRF) Goddard Space Flight Center. Greenbelt, Md. 506-47-00 W87-70083 199-22-92 W87-70264 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Space Flight Research and Technology Biospheric Monitoring and Disease Prediction 505-6640 W67-70017 506-4800 W87-70086 199-30-32 W87-70265 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Systems Analysis Tropical Ecosystem Research 506-4100 W87-70050 506-4900 W87-70094 199-30-62 W87-70266 Materials and Structures Research and Technology InterdisciplinaryTechnology Biogeochemical Research in Temperate Ecosystems 506-4300 W87-7o060 506-9000 W87-70099 199-30-72 W67-70267 Space Data and Communications Research and Automatiin and Robotics Technology Gravity-SensingSystems Technology 549.01-00 W87-70106 199-40.12 W87-70269 506-44-00 W87-70067 Planetology: Aeolian Processes on Planets Developmental Biology Information Sciences Research and Technology 151-01-60 W87-70140 199-40-22 W87-70270 506-45-00 W87-70078 NASA-Ames Research Center Vertical Gun Facility Biological Adaptation Systems Analysis 151-02-60 W67-70142 199-40-32 W87-70271 506-49-00 W87-70092 Theoretical Studies of Planetary Bodies Cosmic Evolution of Biogenic Compounds Automation and Robtiis Technology 15142-61 W87-70143 199-52-12 W87-70272 549-01-00 W87-70108

1-59 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. RESPONSIBLE NASA ORGANIZA TlON INDEX

Mars Geology: C~stal Dichotomy and Crustal Laser Ranging Development Study Automation and Robotics Evolution 676-59-32 W87-70370 549-0140 W87-70109 151-02-50 W87-70141 Magnolia/Magnetic Field Explorer Meteorological Parameters Extraction A Laboratory Investigation of the Formation, Properties 676-59-80 W87-70374 146-66-01 W87-70111 and Evolution of Presolar Grains Forest Biomass Global SEASAT Wind Analysis and Studies 152-12-40 W87-70150 677-21-05 W87-70375 14666-02 W87-70112 Airborne Rain Mapping Radar System Atomic and Molecular Properties of Planetary Terrestrial Ecosystems W 87-70113 146-66-05 W87-70113 Atmospheric Constituents 677-21-24 W87-70376 154-5040 W87-70164 Microwave Pressure Sounder Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment The Large-Scale Phenomena Program the 146-7241 W87-70114 of 677-2142 W87-70379 International Halley Watch (IHW) Tropospheric Temperature Sounder 1560242 W87-70174 Forest Dynamics 146-7242 W87-70115 GIOTTO, Magnetic Field Experiments 677-21-40 W87-70383 IR Remote Sensing of SST 156-0345 W87-70177 Water Resources Cycling (ISLSCP) 146-7243 W87-70116 X-Gamma Neutron Gamma/ Instrument Definition 877-2228 W87-70384 Tropospheric Wind Measurement Assessment 15743-50 W87-70182 Remote Sensing Science Program 146-72-04 W87-70117 Planetary Instrument Development Program/Planetary 677-24-01 W87-70385 AMSU Research Studies Astronomy Continental Accretion 146-72-05 W87-70118 157-05-50 W87-70186 677-43-23 W87-70390 Atmospheric Parameter Mapping Satellite Monitoring of Air Pollution Topographic Profile Analysis 146-72-06 W87-70119 1761 0-04 W87-70212 677-43-24 W87-70391 Atmospheric Dynamics and Radiation Science Support 146-72-09 W87-70120 Tropospheric Photochemical Modeling Sources of Magnetic Anomaly Field Lidar Target Calibration Facility 176-40-14 W87-70215 677-45-03 W87-70393 146-72-10 W87-70121 Development of Solar Experiments and Hardware Determination and Inversion of Crustal Magnetic Atmospheric Backscatter Experiment 188-38-51 W87-70218 Fields 146-72-11 W87-70122 Ground-Based Observations of the Sun 677-45-06 W87-70394 Balloon-Borne Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer 188-38-52 W87-70219 Program Development (GSFC) 147-11-07 W87-70124 Optical Technology for Space Astronomy 677-80-80 W87-70398 Balloon Microwave Limb Sounder (BMLS) Stratospheric 188-41-23 W87-70223 Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - Measurements Ultraviolet Detector Development Retrospective Studies 147-12-06 W87-70125 188-41-24 W87-70224 677-92-22 W87-70399 Far Infrared Balloon Radiometer for OH Gamma Ray Astronomy Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - 147-12-15 W87-70126 188-46-57 W87-70229 Measurements Techniques Microwave Temperature Profiler for the ER-2 Aircraft X-ray Astronomy 677-92-23 W87-70400 for Support of the Stratospheric/Tropospheric Exchange 188-46-59 W87-70230 Interdisciplinary Studies Land Climatology - Global Project Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility Simulations 147-14-07 W87-70127 188-78-46 W87-70232 677-92-24 W87-70401 Multi-Sensor Balloon Measurements Ground-Based Infrared Astronomy X-RayIGamma-Ray Facility Program 147-16-01 W87-70128 19641-50 W87-70237 838-59-50 W87-70405 Gas Correlation Wind Sensor Passive Microwave Remote Sensing 01 the Asteroids Sounding Rocket Experiments 147-1 W87-70129 Using the VIA 879-11-38 W87-70407 8-02 Chemical Kinetics of the Upper Atmosphere 196-41-51 W87-70238 Sounding Rocket Experiments (Astronomy) 147-21-03 W87-70130 Advanced Infrared Astronomy and Spectroscopic 879-11-41 W87-70408 Photochemistryof the Upper Atmosphere Planetary Detection Sounding Rocket (Spartan) Experiments (High Energy 147-2241 W87-70131 196-41-54 W87-70239 Astrophysics) Atmospheric Photochemistry Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Experiment 879-11-46 W87-70409 147-22-02 W87-70132 199-30-99 W87-70288 Software Engineering Technology Infrared Laboratory Spectroscopy in Support of Medical Information Management System (MIMS) 310-1 W87-70411 0-23 Stratospheric Measurements (Computer Aided Diagnostic with Mathematical Model) Flight Dynamics Technology 147-23-08 W87-70133 199-70-33 W87-70285 310-10-26 W87-70412 Laser Laboratory Spectroscopy Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Interactions Network Systems Technology Development 147-23-09 W87-70134 442-20-01 W87-70293 310-20-33 W87-70417 Millimeter/Submillimeter Laboratory Spectroscopy Space Plasma Data Analysis Network Communications Technology 147-23-10 W87-70135 442-20-01 W87-70294 310-20-38 W87-70418 Data Survey and Evaluation Data Analysis - Space Plasma Physics Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Tracking of 147-5141 W87-70136 442-2042 W87-70295 the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) Interdisciplinary Science Support Energetic Particles and Plasmas in the Magnetospheres 310-20-39 W87-70419 147-51-1 2 W87-70137 of Jupiter and Saturn Advanced Space Systems for Users of NASA Detailee/Upper Atmosphere Research Program 442-20-04 W87-70296 Networks 147-52-01 W87-70138 Particles and Particle/Field Interactions 310-20-46 W87-70420 Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Structures 442-36-55 W87-70297 Human-To-Machine Interface Technology 154-40-80 W87-70163 Particle and Particlef Photon Interactions (Atmospheric 310-40-37 W87-70428 Aeronomy Theory and AnalysisIComet Models Magnetospheric Coupling) Expert Systems for Automation of Operations 154-60-80 W87-70166 442-36-56 W87-70301 310-40-44 W87-70429 Planetary Data System and Coordination ParticleAccelerator Facility: Maintenance and Operation Mission Operations Technology 155-20-70 W87-70171 of a Calibration Facility for Magnetospheric and 310-40-45 W87-70430 International Halley Watch Solar-TerrestrialExperiments Data Processing Technology 156-02-02 W87-70173 442-36-57 W87-70302 310-40-46 W87-70431 GIOTTO Ion Mass Spectrometer. Co-Investigator Theoretical Studies and Calculation of Systems Engineering and Management Technology - Electron-MoleculeCollision Processes Relevant to Space 310-40-49 W87-70432 support Plasma Physics 156-03-03 W87-70175 442-3650 W87-70303 GIOlTO PIA Co-InvestigatorSupport Sounding Rockets: Space Plasma Physics J 156-03-04 W87-70176 Experiments GIOTTO DIDSY Co-Investigator Support 445-1 1-36 W87-70304 Jet Propulelon Laboratory, PaMdena. Calif. 156-03-07 W87-70178 ACTS/ Laser Communications Experiment: Laser Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology Advanced CCD Camera Development Intersatellite Communications Proof-of-Concept (POC) 505-60-00 W87-70002 157-01-70 W87-70179 Development Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Mariner Mark II Imaging 650-60-26 W87-70318 505-61-00 W87-70005 15743.08 W87-70180 Diode Laser IR Absorption Spectrometer Standard Formatted Data Unit ~ CCSDS Panel 2 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 656-11-02 W87-70321 506-4 1-00 W87-70048 157-04-80 W87-70185 MPP MaintenancefOperations Propulsion Research and Technology Solar Dynamics ObservatorylSolar Oscillations Imager 656-13-25 W87-70322 506-42-00 W87-70054 159-3841 W87-70187 Materials and Structure Research and Technology A Study of the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) for MPP Software (Systems and Applications) Astronomy Applications 656-20-26 W87-70325 50643-00 W87-70059 Space Data and Communications Research and 159-41-01 W87-70189 NASA Climate Data System Technology Advanced Scatterometry 656-31-05 W87-70327 506-44-00 W87-70066 161-10.08 W87-70193 Advanced Systems Architecture Information Sciences Research and Technology CurrentslTidesfrom Altimetry 656-44-10 W87-70329 506-45-00 W87-70073 161-20-07 W87-70194 Geopotential Fields (Magnetic) Controls and Guidance Research and Technology Ocean Productivity 676-40-02 W87-70365 506-46-00 W87-70080 161-30-02 W87-70195 Gravity Field and Geoid Space Flight Research and Technology IR Remote Sensing of SST 676-40-10 W87-70366 506-48-00 W87-70089 161-30-03 W87-70196 GeOpOtential Research Mission (GRM) Studies Systems Analysis Fluorescence of Marim Plankton 676-59-10 W87-70367 506-49-00 W87-70091 161-30-05 W87-70197

1-60 RESPONSIBLE NASA ORGANIZATION INDEX Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va.

Imaging Radar Studies of Sea Ice Advanced Magnetometer Planetary Materials: Surface and Exposure Studies 161-40-02 W87-70198 676-59-75 W87-70373 152-17-40 W87-70155 DetaileelNjoku Terrestrial Ecosystems: Spectral Characterization of Early Crustal Genesis 161-40-03 W87-70199 Forest Decline Damage 152-19-40 W87-70156 NASA Ocean Data System (NODS) 677-21-25 W87-70377 Planetary Materials: Collection, Preservation, and 161-40-10 W87-70200 Satellite Measurement of Land Surface Parameters for Distribution Examination of Chukchi Air-Sea-Ice Processes Climate Studies 152-20-40 W87.70157 677-21-36 W87-70382 161-40-30 W87-70201 GeneralOperations and Laboratory Facilities~ Planetary Multispectral Analysis of Ultramafic Terrains Materials Oceanic Remote Sensing Library 677-41-29 W87-70386 161-50-02 W87-70202 152-30-40 W87-70158 Arid Lands Geobotany Definition and Development of a Thermal Ionization Ocean Processes Branch Scientific Program Support 677-42-09 W87-70387 Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Instrument for Remote 161-50-03 W87-70203 Tectonics of Western Basin and Range Planetary Analyses Analysis of Oceanic Productivity 677-43-21 W87-70388 157-03-40 W87-70181 161-50-07 W87-70204 Landforms in Polar Regions Space Station Exercise Countermeasures Remote Sensing of Air-Sea Fluxes 677-43-22 W87-70389 199-11-11 W87-70243 161-80-15 W87-70205 Remote Sensing of Volcanic Features Longitudinal Studies (Medical Operations Longitudinal TheoreticallNumericaI Study of the Dynamics of Ocean 677-43-25 W87-70392 Studies) Waves New Techniques for Quantitative Analysis of SAR 199-11-21 W87-70244 161-80-37 W87-70206 Images Space Station Health Maintenance Facility Ocean Circulation and Satellite Altimetry 677-46-02 W87-70395 199-11-31 W87-70245 161-80-38 W87-70207 Geology Program Suppart Space Adaptation Syndrome Studies of Sea Surface Topography and Temperature 677-80-19 W87-70396 199-12-51 W87-70248 161-80-40 W87-70208 Image Processing Capability Upgrade Spacecraft Environmental Factors Effects of a Large-Scale Wave-Field Component on 677-80-22 W87-70397 199-13-41 W87-70250 Scanerometer-DerivedWinds Development of the Pressure Modulator Infrared Cardiovascular Research (JSC) 161-80-41 W87-70209 Radiometer 199-21-11 W87-70251 Large-Scale Air-Sea Interactions 838-59-03 W87-70402 Endocrinology and Physiological Control (Hematology. 161-80-42 W87-70210 Development of Dual Frequency and MultispectralRadar Endocrinology, and Nutrition) Space Oceanography MapperISounder 199-21-51 W87-70253 161-80-43 W87-70211 838-59-04 W87-70403 Bone Physiology Kinetic Studiesof Tropospheric Free Radicals IR Mapper 199-22-31 W87-70256 17630-01 W87-70214 838-59-06 W87-70404 Radiobiology Solar and Heliospheric Physics Data Analysis Desian Definition for a Planetarv Thermal Infrared 199-22-71 W87-70262 188-38-01 W87-70216 Multis&ctral Scanner (PTIMS) . Characteristics of Volatiles in Interplanetary Dust Astronomy and Relativity Data Analysis 838-59-80 W87-70406 Particles 188-41-21 W87-70222 Radio Metric Technology Development 199-52-31 W87-70275 Astrophysical CCD Development 310-10-60 W87-70413 Lunar Base Controlled Ecological Life Support System 188-78-60 W87-70233 Earth Orbiter Tracking System Development 199-61-1 1 W87-70280 Optical Astronomy 310-1 0-61 W87-70414 Man-Machine Engineering Requirements for Data and 196-41-71 W87-70242 Frequency and Timing Research Functional Interfaces Ultrasound Detection of Bends 310-10-62 W87-70415 199-61-41 W87-70282 199-11-34 W87-70246 Space Systems and Navigation Technology Interdisciplinary Research In-Flight Diagnostic Sensors 310-10-63 W87-70416 199-90-71 W87-70292 199-11-34 W87-70247 Advanced Transmitted Systems Development Biotechnology Research Bone Loss 310-20-64 W87-70421 674-23-01 W87-70347 199-22-34 W87-70258 Antenna Systems Development High Temperature, Controlled Redox Studies Muscle Physiology 31 0-20-65 W87-70422 674-26-01 W87-70354 199-22-44 W87-70260 Radio Systems Development Langley ReMarch Center, Hampton, Va. Ultrasound Image Enhancement 310-20-66 W87-70423 Fluid and Thermal Physics Research and Technology 199-80-34 W87-70287 Optical Communication Technology Development 505-60-00 W87-70001 Quantitative Modelling Of the 310-20-67 W87-70424 Applied Aerodynamics Research and Technology Magnetosphere/lonosphere Interaction Including Neutral DSN Monitor and Control Technology 505-61 -00 W87-70004 Winds 310-30-68 W87-70425 Propulsion and Power Research and Technology 442-3645 W87-70300 Network slgnal Processing 505-62-00 W87-70007 Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies 310-30-70 W87-70426 Materials and Structures Research and Technology 643-10-01 W87-70306 Communications Systems Research 505-63-00 W87-70009 Propagation Studies and Measurements 310-30-71 W87-70427 Information Sciences Research and Technology 643-10-03 W87-70307 Network Hardware and Software Development Tools 505-65-00 W87-70014 Advanced Studies 310-40-72 W87-70433 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 643-10-05 W87-70308 505-66-00 W67-70016 Mobile Communications Technology Development Human Factors Research and Technology 650-60-15 W87-70312 L 505-67-00 W87-70019 SAlS Testbed Planning Flight Svstems Research and Techndwv I. 6561 1-01 W87-70319 Lyndon El. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. 505-68-00 W87-70022 Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology Standard Format Data Unit Systems Analysis 656-11-02 W87-70320 506-41-00 W87-70052 505-69-00 W87-70025 Materials and Structures Research and Technology Pilot Land Data System InterdisciplinaryTechnology 506-43-00 W87-70064 65613-50 W87-70323 505-90-00 W87-70029 Space Data and Communications Research and €OS High Rate Data System Testbed Advanced Rotorcraft Technology 656-25-01 W87-70326 Technology 532-06-00 W87-70033 506-44-00 W87-70071 HlRlS Data Processor High-Performance Flight Research 656-62-02 W87-70330 Information Sciences Research and Technology 533-02-00 W87-70035 506-45-00 W87-70077 Planetary Data System Advanced Turbeprop Systems 65680-01 W87-70331 Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 535-03-00 W87-70040 506-46-00 W87-70082 Mesospheric Theory Aerothermodynamics Research and Technology 673-61-02 W87-70340 Human Factors Research and Technology 506-40-00 W87-70045 506-47-00 W87-70084 Metals and Alloys Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 674-25-04 W87-70351 Space Flight Systems Research and Technology 506-41-00 W87-70047 506-48-00 W87-70088 Glass Research Materials and Structures Reasearch and Technology 674-26-04 W87-70355 System Analysis 506-43-00 W87-70058 Microgravity Science and Applications Program 506-49-00 W87-70097 Space Data and Communications Research and In-Situ Measurements Stratospheric Ozone support of Technology 674-29-04 W87-70361 147-11-05 W87-70123 506-44-00 W87-70065 Planetary geology Earth Structure and Geophysics Information Sciences Research and Technology 676-30-05 W87-70363 151-01-20 W87-70139 506-45-00 W87-70072 Planetary Materials: Mineralogy and Petrology Polar Motion and Earth Models Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 152-11-40 W87-70148 676-30-44 W87-70364 506-46-00 W67-70079 Planetary Materials: Experimental Petrology Gravity Field Mission Studies Space Flight Research and Technology 676-59-10 W87-70368 152-12-40 W87-70149 506-48-00 W87-70085 GPS Measurement System Deployment for Regional Planetary Materials: Chemistry System Analysis Geodesy in the Caribbean 152-13-40 W87-70151 506-49-00 W87-70090 676-59-31 W87-70369 Planetary Materials: Geochronology InterdisciplinaryTechnology GPS Positioning of a Marine Buoy for Plate Motion 152-14-40 W87-70153 506-90-00 W87-70096 Studies Planetary Materials: Isotope Studies Control of Flexible Structures Flight Experiment 67659-45 W87-70372 152-15-40 W87-70154 542-06-00 W87-70104

1-61 Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. RESPONSIBLE NASA ORGANIZA TlON INDEX

Automation and Robotics Technology Controls and Guidance Research and Technology 549-01-00 W87-70107 506-46-00 W87-70081 Vibroacoustic Habilabilily/Productiity Systems Analysis 199-13-40 W87-70249 506-49-00 W87-70093 Space Radiation Effects and Protection Advanced Earth-To-Orbit Systems Technology 199-22-76 W87-70263 525-02-00 W87-70103 Early Atmosphere: Geochemistry and Photochemistry Automation and Robotics Technology 199-52-26 W87-70274 549-01-00 W87-70110 Electronic Materials, Vapor Growth and Low-g Gravity GAS UV Spectrometer Techniques 154-60-80 W87-70165 674-21-06 W87-70344 Planetary Magnetospheric Coupling PACE Flight Experiments 154-90-80 W87-70169 674-24-06 W87-70350 Advanced Mission Study Solar X-Ray Pinhole Occulter Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. Facility (POF) Propulsion and Power Research and Technology 159-38-03 W87-70188 505-62-00 W87-70008 Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (MAF) Materials and Structures Research and technology 159-46-01 W87-70192 505-63-00 W87-70012 Modeling Coronal Structure and Energetics Flight Systems Research and Technology 188-38-01 W87-70217 505-68-00 W87-70024 Research in Solar Vector Magnetic Fields Systems Analysis 188-38-52 W87-70220 505-69-00 W87-70027 Structure and Evolution of Solar Magnetic Fields Interdisciplinary Technology 188-38-53 W87-70221 505-90-00 W87-70031 Gamma Ray Astronomy and Related Research Turbine Engine Hot Section Technology 188-46-57 W87-70228 533-04-00 W87-70037 Gravity Probe-E Ceramics for Turbine Engines 188-78-62 W87-70234 533-05-00 W87-70038 Infrared Imaging of Comets Advanced Turboprop Systems 196-41-30 W87-70236 535-03-00 W87-70042 Space Plasma SRT General AviationlCommuter Engine Technology 442-36-55 W87-70298 535-05-00 W87-70043 Electronic and Optical Materials Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 674-21-08 W87-70345 506-41-00 W87-70051 Biotechnology Propulsion Research and Technology 674-23-08 W87-70348 506-42-00 W87-70056 Metals and Alloys Materials and Structures Research and Technology 674-25.08 W87-70353 506-43-00 W87-70063 Glasses and Ceramics Space Data and Communications Research and 674-26-08 W87-70357 Technology Ground Experiment Operations 506-44-00 W87-70069 674-28-08 W87-70360 InformationSciences Research and Technology Consulting and Program Support 506-45-00 W87-70076 674-29-08 W87-70362 Space Flight Research and Technology Superconducting Gravity Gradiometer 506-48-00 W87-70087 676-59-33 W87-70371 Systems Analysis X-ray Astronomy 506-49-00 W87-70095 879-31-46 W87-70410 Interdisciplinary Technology 506-90-00 W87-70100 Advanced Earth-to-Orbit Systems Technology N 525-02-00 W87-70102 Life Sciences Education Natlonal Aeronautlcs and Space Administration, 199-90-66 W67-70291 Washington, D.C. Spectrum and Orbit Utilization Studies Materials and Structures Research and Technology 643-10-01 W87-70305 505-63-00 W87-70010 Advanced Studies Human Factors Research and Technology 643-10-05 W87-70309 505-67-00 W87-70020 Experiments Coordination and Mission Support Systems Analysis 646-41-01 W87-70310 505-69-00 W87-70028 Applications Experiments Program Support Interdisciplinary Technology 646-41-02 W87-70311 505-90-00 W87-70032 Space Communications Systems Antenna Technology Space Energy Conversion Research and Technology 650-60-20 W87-70313 506-41-00 W87-70053 Satellite Switching and Processing Systems Propulsion Research and Technology 650-60-21 W87-70314 506-42-00 W8 7- 70 0 5 7 RF Components lor Satellite Communications Materials and Structures Research and Technology Systems 506-43-00 W87-70061 650-60-22 W87-70315 Space Data and Communications Research and Communications Laboratory for Transponder Technology Development 506-44-00 W87-70070 650-60-23 W67-70316 Information Sciences Research and Technology Advanced Studies 506-45-00 W87-70074 650-60-26 W87-70317 Systems Analysis Combustion Science 506-49-00 W87-70096 674-22-05 W87-70346 Interdisciplinary Technology Fluid Dynamics and Transport Phenomena 506-90-00 W87-70101 674-24-05 W87-70349 Automation and Robotics Technology Metals and Alloys 549-01-00 W87-70105 674-25-05 W87-70352 Natlonal Space Technology Labs., Bay Salnt Louls, Glasses and Ceramics MISS. 674-26-05 W87-70356 Interactions of Environment and Vegetation Microgravity Science Research Laboratory Composition, Structure, and Function on a Major Tropical 674-27-05 W87-70358 Ecocline Ground Experiment Operations 677-21-33 W87-70380 674-28-05 W87-70359 M

Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. InformationSciences Research and Technology 505-65-00 W87-70013 Space Energy Conversion Research and technology 506-41-00 W87-70049 Propulsion Research and Technology 506-42-00 W87-70055

1-62 RTOP NUMBER INDEX

RTOP SUMMARY FISCAL YEAR 1987

Typical RTOP Number Index Listing

I L. 146-66-01 W87-70111 159-46-01 ...... W87-70192 199-80-32 W87-70286 161-10-06 ...... W87-70193 199-80-34 ...... , ...... , . , . . . , ...... , ...... , W87-702R7 161-20-07 W87-70194 This section may be used to identify the RTOP ...... 19940.82 ...... , ...... , ...... ,...... , , . . . . . , we7-70iee 161-30-02 ...... W67-70195 199-80-92 ...... , ...... ,...... , ...... , ...... W87-70289 accession number of reports covered in this journal 161-30-03 ...... W87-70196 199-9062 W87-70290 161-30-05 ...... w87-70197 Thus this section of this index may be used to 199-90-68 ...... W87-70291 161-40-02 ...... , . , . . . . , , . . __. ,, 199-90-71 ...... , ...... , . . . . W87-70292 locate the bibliographic citations and technical 161-40-03 ...... , ...... , , . , . . . , 310-1 0-23 .. . . . , ...... , . , . . . . , ...... , . , ...... , ...... , . . . , .. ,. W87-70411 161-40-10 ... . , , .. , ..., ...... , .. . . , , .. . . summaries in the Summary Section The RTOP ...... ,...... 310-10-26 W87-70412 161-40-30 ...... 310-10-60 W87-70413 numbers are listed in ascending number order 161-50-02 3 10-10-61 W87-70414 161-50-03 310-10-62 ...... ,...... , ...... , .. .. . WR7-70415.. - . . - . . - 161-50-07 310-10-63 ...... , . . . . . , . , ...... , , . . . . . W87-70416 . . .-. - . W87-70111 161-80-15 ...... W87-70205 310-20-33 W87-70417 14666.02 W87-70112 161-80-37 310-20-38 ...... , . , . . . . , . , . , . . , ...... , , , . , . . . , W87-70418 146-66-05 W87-70113 161-80-38 310-20-39 ...... , , ...... ,...... , , , . . . . W87-70419 146-72-01 W87-70114 161-60-40 ...... , ...... , ...... , . , .. .. , . , . . . . , , 310-20-46 ...... , , . . . . . , . , , ...... , . . . . , W87-70420 146-72-02 W87-70115 161-80-41 310-20-64 W87-70421 146-72-03 W87-70116 161-80-42 310-20-65 W87-70422 14672-04 w87-m17 ...... -. . - . . . 161-80-43 310-20-66 W87-70473.. . . - __ 146-72-05 W87-70118 176-10-04 310-20-67 ...... W87-70424 146-7806 W87-70119 176-20-99 W87-70213 310-30-68 ...... W87-70425 146-72-09 W87-70120 176-30-01 W87-70214 310-30-70 W87-70426 146-72-10 ...... , ...... , .. ,. , . , , , . . , ...... , ...... , . .. ._.. W87-70121 176-40-14 ...... 310-30-71 W87-70428W67-70427 146-72-11 ...... ,. . .. ., , ...... , . , . . W87-70122 188-38-01 ..... , , . , .. .. ,. , , . , . . . , , , , ...... , ...... , . . . . . 310-40-37 147-11-05 W87-70123 310-40-44 ...... , ...... , , . . . W87-70429 147-11-07 W87-70124 188-38-51 ...... , . , ...... , . , . . . . , , , . . , ...... , , ...... , . , _. . 310-40-45 W87-70430 147-12-06 w87-70125 188-38-52 ...... , , , . . . . , . , , , ...... , . , .. 310-40-46 W87-70431 147-12-1 5 ...... , ...... W87-7015.6 310-40-49 147-14-07 , , , , , , ...... W87-70127 168-38-53 310-40-72 ...... , . , ...... , . . _. .. , . , . . . , , . , . 147-16-01 ...... , ...... ,. , ...... , . , . W87-70128 188-41-21 W87-70222 442-20-01 ...... 147.113-09 ...... , ...... ,. . . . . , . . __...... , ...... , . , . . .. ,. , . . . , W87-70129 188-41-23 W87-70223 147-21-03 ...... , ...... ,. , .. .. , . , ...... , .. .. ,. , . . , W87-70130 188-41-24 ...... , ...... , . , , . . . , , . . . . . , W87-70274 442-20-02 147-2241 -...... W87-70131 188-41-53 ...... , ...... , ...... , . , . 442-20-04 147-22-02 ...... , .. .. , . , ...... , ...... , . , . . . . . , . . . . W87-70132 188-41-57 ...... , , . . . . . , , . . , . 442-36-55 147-23-08 ...... , , W67-70133 188-46-01 ...... W87-70298 147-23-09 ...... W87-70134 188-46-57 ...... W87-70299 147-23-10 ...... W87-70135 W87-70300 147-51-01 W87-70136 188-46-59 442-36-56 ...... W87-70301 147-51-12 W87-70137 188-4862 442-36-57 ...... W87-70302 147-52-01 ...... W87-70138 188-78-46 W87-70232 ...... W87-70303 151-01 -20 ...... , . . . . , . , . . . , ...... , . . . . . , , , . . . . , . , . . . . W87-70139 186-78-60 ...... , ...... , . , . . . . . , . , ...... , , . . . , , , . . . . , . . . 445-11-36 ...... W87-70304 151-01-60 ...... , ...... , . , . . .. ,, , ...... , . . . . . , ...... , . . . . . W87-70140 188-78-62 ...... , ...... ,...... ,...... , . , . . 505-60-00 ...... W67-70001 151-02-50 ...... , , . , . . . , . , ...... ,, ...... , ...... ,. , . . W87-70141 168-80-02 ...... , ...... , , , ...... , ...... , . , . W87-70002 151-02.60 W87-70142 196-41-30 W87-70003 151-02-61 W67-70143 196-41-50 505-61-00 ...... W87-70004 151-02.63 W87-70144 196-41-51 W67-70005 151-02-64 ...... W87-70145 196-41-54 W87-70239 W87-70006 151-02-65 ...... W87-70146 196-11 -67 W87-70240 505-62-00 ...... W87-70007 151-02-67 W87-70147 196-41-68 ...... , , , ...... , . , W87-70241 W87-70006 152-11-40 W87-70148 196-41-71 ...... WR7-70747 505-63-00 W87-70009 152-12-40 ...... W87-70149 199-11-11 ., ...... , ...... , . , . . . . , . , ...... ,...... , . , . . , . , . . . . , W87-70010 W87-70150 199-11-21 ...... , ...... , ...... ,. W87-70011 152-13-40 ...... __...... , . , W87-70151 199-11-31 W87-70012 152-13-60 ...... W87-70152 199-11-34 505-6540 ...... W87-70013 152-1 4-40 ...... W87-70153 W87-70014 152-1540 W87-70154 199-12-51 ...... W8 W67-70015 152-17-40 ...... , w87-7nis5 505-66-00 ...... W87-70016 152-19-40 ...... , . .. . , ., ...... W87-70i56 WR7-70017.. -. . - . . 152-20-40 ...... , W67-70157 WR7-700lR 152-30-40 ...... W87-70158 ~~ 505-67-00 ...... _. 154-10-80 ...... , . . . . . , . , . W87-70159 199-2161 ...... W87-70253 154-20-80 W87-70160 19921-52 ...... , . , . . . , , . __, ...... , ., .. .. , ...... , . , . . . . 154-30-80 W87-70161 199-22.22 ..,...... 505-68-00 154-40-80 W87-70162 199-22-31 ...... W87-70163 199-22-32 W87-70024 154-50-80 ...... W87-70164 199-22-34 505-69-00 ...... ,...... , . , ...... , . . _. .. , , , . . , . . . , ...... W87-70025 154-60-80 ~87-701~ I ...... _...... _._...... -. 199-22-42 ~87.70026 W87-70166 199-22-44 W87-70167 199-22-62 15-4-90-80 W87-70168 199-22-71 ...... W87-70262 505-90-00 ,...... , . , ...... , , , , . . . , . , ._...... , ...... , , . . . . . , , . , . W87-70169 199-22-76 ...... W87-70263 I.ss-04-m __ .. - - W87-70170 199-22-92 ...... 155-20-70 W87-70171 199-30-32 ...... , , . . . . . , ...... , ...... , , . . 155-20-80 W87-70172 199-3042 ...... 506-40-00 156-02-02 W87-70173 199-30-72 ...... W67-70046 W87-70174 199-30-99 506-41-00 156-03-03 W87-70047 ...... _...... WR7-7017S.. - . . - . . - 199-40-12 W87-70048 156-03-04 W67-70176 199-40.22 156-03-05 ...... _...... W87.70177 199-40-32 1 156-03-07 ... . , ...... , ...... , W87-70178 157-01-70 ...... W87-70179 157-03-08 W87-70180 199-52-26 ...... W87-70274 157-03-40 W87-70181 506-42-00 157-03-50 ...... ,...... , .. . , ...... W87.70182 W87-70056W87-70055 157-04-80 ...... W87-70183 w~7-70i~4.. - . . - . - . 199-52-52 ...... W87-70278 W87-70057 W87-70185 506-43-00 157-05-50 ...... W87-70186 ..._._._...._...... W87-70058 159-38-01 W87-70187 W87-70059 ...... l...... _...._._._...._...W87-70281 W87-70060W87-70061 159-3843 ...... W87-70168 ...... W87-70282 159-4141 W87-70189 ...... 199-70-12 ...... W87-70283 W87-70062 W67-70190 W87-70063 1 159-41-06 ...... W87-70191 ...... W87-70285 W87-70064 RTOP NUMBER INDEX

506-44-00 ...... W87-70359 W87-70360 ...... , ...... , . , . , . , .. ,. , . , , W87-70361 ...... , . , . . . , ...... , . , . , . , , . , . , . , . W87-70362 ...... , ...... , . , . , . , .. ,. , . , . W87-70070 67630-44 ...... , ...... , . , , . . . , . , , W87-70071 676-4042 ...... , . . . 506-4540 ...... W87-70072 67640-10 W87-70073 676-59-10 W87-70074 W87-70075 W87-70369 W87-70076 W87-70370 W87-70077 W87-70371...... -. . W87-70078 676-59-45 ...... ,. . . , , . . . , . . . . , . , . , , . , . , . , .. .. . W87-70372 506-46-00 W87-70079 676-59-75 ...... , . . . , ...... W87-70373 W87-70080 676-59-80 ...... __ W87-70374 W87-7MUi ...... , . , . W87-70375 ...... W87-70376 506-47-00 ...... , ...... __. .. . W87-70377 ...... _. .. , . , .. ,. , . W87-70378 506-48-00 ...... __. .. . W87-70379 ...... ,, . , . , , . , . , .. ,. W87-70380 ...... , . , . , , . , . , . , . , , . , . , .. ,. , . , . , W87-70088 677-21-36 ...... W87-70089 677-71-40 ...... 506-49-00 ...... W87-70090 ...... __...... __. W87-70387 ...... W87-70388 ...... __...... 677-43-23 ...... , . , . , . . .. ,. , . w8 7- 700 97 677-43-24 506-90-00 W87-70098 677-43-25 W87-7MQQ 677-45-03 677-4506 ...... , . , .. ,...... 677-46-02 .. ., ...... , .. ., 525-02-00 677-80-19 ...... , ...... W87-70396 677-80-22 W87-70397 532-06-00 677-80-80 ...... , . , , . , . , .. ,, , . , 532-09-00 W87-70034 677-92-22 ...... 533-02-00 ...... W87-70035 677-92-23 ...... W87-7MRA ...... __. ., . , , , , 533-04-00 ...... , ...... , . , . . . . , ...... , . . __ ...... 533-05-00 ...... , . , . . __. ., . . . 533-06-00 ...... 535-03-00 ...... , . , . , . , , . , . , . , .. ,. , , , . , . , . , , ...... __...... 535-05-00 ...... W87-70408 53601-00 ...... , . , , , , . , . , . , . , W87-70409 542-06-00 ...... , . , . , .. .. ,. , . , W87-70410 549-01-00 W87-70105 W87-70106

643-10-01

643-10-03 W87-70307 643-10-05 W87-70308 W87-70309 646-41-01 ...... W87-70310 646-41-02 ...... , . . . , , , . , . , . , . , . , , , . . , . , . , . , 650-60.15.. . __ . - ...... , , , . . . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , , . , . , . , 650-60-20 650-60-21 650-60-22 650-60-23 650-60-26 W87-70317 W87-70318 656-11-01 ...... 656-11-02 ...... 656-13-25 656-13-50 656-20-26 W87-70325 656-25-01 ...... __. ., ...... W87-70326 65631-05 ...... __...... , . . __...... W87-70327 656-42-01 ...... , ...... , . , . , . , , . , ......

...... , . . . , . . , ...... , ...... , ...... , ...... W87-70334 672-31-02 ...... , , . , . . . , , , , . , . , , . , . . . . . , , . . W87-70335 672-31-12 ...... , . , . , , . , . , , . , . , . , , . , . , . , , . , 672-32-02 672-50-99 ...... 673-4241 ...... 67361-02 ...... , . , , . , . , , , , . , . , . , .. ,. , . , . , , 673-61-03 673-62-04 W87-70342 673-64-04 ...... , , . , . , , , , . , . , , . , . , .. ,. , ._ .. , W87-70343 674-21-06 ...... , . . . , .. ,. , .. ,. , .. ,. , . , .. ,. . WU7-7ORAA 674-7i-OU-. . - . __ ...... __. .. __. .. __ __... __ __. 674-2245 674-23-01 ...... , .. ,. , . , . , , . , . , . , .. ,. , . , . , . 674-23-08 ...... _. ., . , ...... 674-24-05 674-24-06 ...... W87-70350 674-25-04 ...... W87-70351 674-25-05 ...... ,. , . , . , . , , . , . , . , . , , ...... __ 674-25-08 ...... 674-2601 ...... _...... __...... , . , .. 674-26-04 674-26-05 ...... W87-70356 674-26-08 ...... W87-70357 674-27-05 ...... W87-70358 1-64 ~~ 1 Report No 2 Government A,csssion No 3. Recipient's Catalog No NASA-TM-89241 5. Report Date January 1987 6. Performing Organization Code

8. Performing Organization Report No

~ ~~ 10. Work Unit No. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 11. Contract or Grant No. Washington, DC 20546

13. Type of Report and Pwiod Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address

~~ 14. Sponsoring Agency Code

I 5. Supplementary Notes

16. Abstract

This publication represents the NASA research and technology program for FY1987. It is a compilation of the "Summary" portions of each of the RTOPs (Research and Technology Objectives and Plans) used for management review and control of research currently in progress throughout NASA. The RTOP Summary is designed to facilitate communication and coordination among concerned technical personnel in government, in industry, and in universities. The first section containing citations and abstracts of the RTOPs is followed by four indexes: Subject, Technical Monitor, Responsible NASA Organization, and RTOP Number.

7. Keywords (Suggested by Authds) J 18. Distribution Statement Physical Sciences Project Management Research and Development Aerospace Science Subject Category 99 Life Scieaces 9 Security aarrlf (of this report) 20 Security Classif (of this page) 21 NO of Pages 22. Price' Unclassified Unclassified 146

NASA-Langley, 1986