Oskar Dirlewanger Und Gottlob Berger
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Studien zur Gewaltgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts Ausgewählt von Jörg Baberowski, Bernd Greiner und Michael Wildt Das 20. Jahrhundert gilt als das Jahrhundert des Genozids, der Lager, des Totalen Krieges, des Totalitarismus und Ter- rorismus, von Flucht, Vertreibung und Staatsterror – ge- rade weil sie im Einzelnen allesamt zutreffen, hinterlassen diese Charakterisierungen in ihrer Summe eine eigentüm- liche Ratlosigkeit. Zumindest spiegeln sie eine nachhaltige Desillusionierung. Die Vorstellung, Gewalt einhegen, be- grenzen und letztlich überwinden zu können, ist der Ein- sicht gewichen, dass alles möglich ist, jederzeit und an jedem Ort der Welt. Und dass selbst Demokratien, die Erben der Aufklärung, vor entgrenzter Gewalt nicht gefeit sind. Das normative und ethische Bemühen, die Gewalt einzugrenzen, mag vor diesem Hintergrund ungenügend und mitunter sogar vergeblich erscheinen. Hinfällig ist es aber keineswegs, es sei denn um den Preis der moralischen Selbstaufgabe. Ausgewählt von drei namhaften Historikern – Jörg Baberowski, Bernd Greiner und Michael Wildt –, präsen- tieren die »Studien zur Gewaltgeschichte des 20. Jahrhun- derts« die Forschungsergebnisse junger Wissenschaftle- rinnen und Wissenschaftler. Die Monografien analysieren am Beispiel von totalitären Systemen wie dem National- sozialismus und Stalinismus, von Diktaturen, Autokratien und nicht zuletzt auch von Demokratien die Dynamik ge- walttätiger Situationen, sie beschreiben das Erbe der Ge- walt und skizzieren mögliche Wege aus der Gewalt. Sara Berger Experten der Vernichtung -
Guides to German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria, Va
GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA. No. 32. Records of the Reich Leader of the SS and Chief of the German Police (Part I) The National Archives National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1961 This finding aid has been prepared by the National Archives as part of its program of facilitating the use of records in its custody. The microfilm described in this guide may be consulted at the National Archives, where it is identified as RG 242, Microfilm Publication T175. To order microfilm, write to the Publications Sales Branch (NEPS), National Archives and Records Service (GSA), Washington, DC 20408. Some of the papers reproduced on the microfilm referred to in this and other guides of the same series may have been of private origin. The fact of their seizure is not believed to divest their original owners of any literary property rights in them. Anyone, therefore, who publishes them in whole or in part without permission of their authors may be held liable for infringement of such literary property rights. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 58-9982 AMERICA! HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION COMMITTEE fOR THE STUDY OP WAR DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECOBDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXAM)RIA, VA. No* 32» Records of the Reich Leader of the SS aad Chief of the German Police (HeiehsMhrer SS und Chef der Deutschen Polizei) 1) THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION (AHA) COMMITTEE FOR THE STUDY OF WAE DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA* This is part of a series of Guides prepared -
Hans Kammler, Hitler's Last Hope, in American Hands
WORKING PAPER 91 Hans Kammler, Hitler’s Last Hope, in American Hands By Frank Döbert and Rainer Karlsch, August 2019 THE COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT WORKING PAPER SERIES Christian F. Ostermann and Charles Kraus, Series Editors This paper is one of a series of Working Papers published by the Cold War International History Project of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. Established in 1991 by a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Cold War International History Project (CWIHP) disseminates new information and perspectives on the history of the Cold War as it emerges from previously inaccessible sources from all sides of the post-World War II superpower rivalry. Among the activities undertaken by the Project to promote this aim are the Wilson Center's Digital Archive; a periodic Bulletin and other publications to disseminate new findings, views, and activities pertaining to Cold War history; a fellowship program for historians to conduct archival research and study Cold War history in the United States; and international scholarly meetings, conferences, and seminars. The CWIHP Working Paper series provides a speedy publication outlet for researchers who have gained access to newly-available archives and sources related to Cold War history and would like to share their results and analysis with a broad audience of academics, journalists, policymakers, and students. CWIHP especially welcomes submissions which use archival sources from outside of the United States; offer novel interpretations of well-known episodes in Cold War history; explore understudied events, issues, and personalities important to the Cold War; or improve understanding of the Cold War’s legacies and political relevance in the present day. -
Nurses and Midwives in Nazi Germany
Downloaded by [New York University] at 03:18 04 October 2016 Nurses and Midwives in Nazi Germany This book is about the ethics of nursing and midwifery, and how these were abrogated during the Nazi era. Nurses and midwives actively killed their patients, many of whom were disabled children and infants and patients with mental (and other) illnesses or intellectual disabilities. The book gives the facts as well as theoretical perspectives as a lens through which these crimes can be viewed. It also provides a way to teach this history to nursing and midwifery students, and, for the first time, explains the role of one of the world’s most historically prominent midwifery leaders in the Nazi crimes. Downloaded by [New York University] at 03:18 04 October 2016 Susan Benedict is Professor of Nursing, Director of Global Health, and Co- Director of the Campus-Wide Ethics Program at the University of Texas Health Science Center School of Nursing in Houston. Linda Shields is Professor of Nursing—Tropical Health at James Cook Uni- versity, Townsville, Queensland, and Honorary Professor, School of Medi- cine, The University of Queensland. Routledge Studies in Modern European History 1 Facing Fascism 9 The Russian Revolution of 1905 The Conservative Party and the Centenary Perspectives European dictators 1935–1940 Edited by Anthony Heywood and Nick Crowson Jonathan D. Smele 2 French Foreign and Defence 10 Weimar Cities Policy, 1918–1940 The Challenge of Urban The Decline and Fall of a Great Modernity in Germany Power John Bingham Edited by Robert Boyce 11 The Nazi Party and the German 3 Britain and the Problem of Foreign Office International Disarmament Hans-Adolf Jacobsen and Arthur 1919–1934 L. -
WAR CRIMES and THEIR MOTIVATION the Socio-Psychological Structure of the SS and the Criminalization of a Society
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 39 | Issue 3 Article 3 1948 War Crimes and Their otM ivation: The oS cio- Psychological Structure of the SS and the Criminalization of a Society Leo Alexander Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Leo Alexander, War Crimes and Their otM ivation: The ocS io-Psychological Structure of the SS and the Criminalization of a Society, 39 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 298 (1948-1949) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. WAR CRIMES AND THEIR MOTIVATION The Socio-Psychological Structure of the SS and the Criminalization of a Society Leo Alexander The author was consultant to the Secretary of War of the United States, on duty with the Office of the Chief of Counsel for War Crimes in Nurnberg, U.S. Zone of Germany, 1946-1947; Lieutenant Colonel, ORC, MC, USA; Associate Director of Research, Boston State Hospital; Instructor in Psychiatry, Tufts College Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. The following article was read in part at the 75th anniversary meeting of the Nederlandsche Vereinigung voor Psychiatrie en Neurologie, in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, on 12 June 1947, at the meeting of the Boston Society of Psychiatry and Neurology on 16 October 1947, at the First American Medicolegal Congress, in St. -
Und Da Gab's Noch Ein Tor, Das Geschlossen War«
Die Berichterstattung über Gewalt und Missbrauch in Heimen der Behindertenhilfe zwischen den Jahren 1945 bis 1975 reißt nicht ab. Menschen, die in dieser Zeit Leid und Unrecht erfahren haben, wird endlich ein Gesicht gegeben, und mit ihren Schilderungen über belastende Erlebnisse verschaffen sie sich Gehör. Auch für die Diakonie Stetten war es an der Zeit, den bislang unerforschten Zeitraum zwischen den Jahren 1945 und 1975 aufzuarbeiten. Innerhalb eines dreijährigen Forschungsprojekts hat sich die Esslinger Kulturwissenschaftlerin Dr. Gudrun Silberzahn-Jandt mit Unterstützung eines multidisziplinären Beirats der Diakonie Stetten mit dem Alltag, der Betreuung und Pädagogik in der damaligen »Anstalt Stetten« befasst. Anhand zahlreicher Inter- Alltagder in Entwicklung und 1975 bis 1945 AnstaltStetten views mit Bewohnerinnen und Bewohnern sowie ehemaligen Mit- arbeitenden, vorhandener Akten, Briefwechsel und Fotos vorwie- gend aus dem eigenen historischen Archiv der Diakonie Stetten « gibt sie einen spannenden Einblick in die Zeit nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg bis in die Mitte der 1970er-Jahre. Ein breites Spektrum positiver wie negativer Erfahrungen zeichnet ein authentisches Bild. Dabei beschreibt sie, wie sich die Einrichtung im Laufe der Jahre weiterentwickelte und wie strikte Regeln und Konformen in den Hintergrund rückten, während individuelle Förderung und der Mensch mit seinen Fähigkeiten an Bedeutung gewannen. das geschlossen war geschlossen das Gudrun Silberzahn-Jandt »Ja, Kinder schlug man damals, damit sie gehorchten. Es gab keine Prügel, aber strenge Regeln«, erinnert sich Ingolf Zoller, Bewohner der Diakonie Stetten. »... und da gab’s noch ein Tor, Bewohnerin Hannelore Poré erzählt: »Und wenn ich ins Schwimm- Tor, ein noch bad gehen wollte, da hast du erst mal zählen müssen. Vor drei Uhr haben wir rein dürfen und um drei mussten wir raus, dann durften das geschlossen war« die Männer rein. -
Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction Du Branch Patrimoine De I'edition
Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-38002-4 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-38002-4 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur la protection de la vie privee, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this thesis. ont ete enleves de cette these. -
Clemency in a Nazi War Crimes Trial By: Allison Ernest
Evading the Hangman’s Noose: Clemency in a Nazi War Crimes Trial By: Allison Ernest Ernest 2 Contents Introduction: The Foundations for a War Crimes Trial Program 3 Background and Historiography 10 Chapter 1: Investigations into Other Trials Erode the United States’ Resolve 17 Chapter 2: The Onset of Trial Fatigue Due to Public Outcry 25 Chapter 3: High Commissioner McCloy Authorizes Sentence Reviews 38 Chapter 4: McCloy and the United States Set the War Criminals Free 45 Conclusion: A Lesson to be Learned 52 Chart: A Complicated Timeline Simplified 57 Bibliography 58 Ernest 3 Introduction: The Foundations for a War Crimes Trial Program “There is a supervening affirmative duty to prosecute the doers of serious offenses that falls on those who are empowered to do so on behalf of a civilized community. This duty corresponds to our fundamental rights as citizens and as persons to receive and give respect to each other in view of our possession of such rights.” Such duty, outlined by contemporary philosopher Alan S. Rosenbaum, was no better exemplified than in the case of Nazi war criminals in the aftermath of World War II. Even before the floundering Axis powers of Germany and Japan declared their respective official surrenders in 1945, the leaders of the Allies prepared possible courses of action for the surviving criminals in the inevitable collapse of the Nazi regime. Since the beginning of the war in 1939, the Nazi regime in Germany implemented a policy of waging a war so barbaric in its execution that the total numbers of casualties rivaled whole populations of countries. -
SS-Sonderkommando Dirlewanger Na Okupowanych Terenach Na Białorusi (Marzec–Grudzień 1942)*
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 PL © Copyright by Uniwersytet Warszawski Katedra Studiów Interkulturowych Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej & individual articles to their Authors doi: 10.32612/uw.2543618X.2019.pp.319-387 Przegląd Środkowo-Wschodni, 4, 2019 ISSN 2543-618X eISSN 2545-1324 Nr art. 20190412 Data przesłania: 28.03.2018 Hubert Kuberski Data akceptacji: 23.05.2018 Instytut Studiów Politycznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk [email protected] ORCiD: 0000-0003-0450-2537 SS-Sonderkommando Dirlewanger na okupowanych terenach na Białorusi (marzec–grudzień 1942)* Jednostka dowodzona przez Oskara-Paula Dirlewangera zasłynęła z licznych zbrodni i barbarzyństw dokonanych na niebywałą skalę. Słowiańscy „Untermenschen” – Białoru- sini, Rosjanie, Polacy i Słowacy – stanowili część żołnierzy Dirlewangera. Przeznaczona do walki z partyzantami jednostka Dirlewangera wkrótce została przemianowana w „Bandenbekämpfung” (do walki z bandami) w celu podkreślenia upokorzenia wroga. Jednostka ta brała czynny udział w licznych akcjach pacyfi kacyjnych na terenie Polski, Białorusi i Rosji, podczas których dopuszczano się licznych zbrodni i masakr na ludności cywilnej. Na podstawie źródeł niemieckich i sowieckich artykuł ukazuje działalność tej jednostki w roku 1942. Słowa kluczowe: II wojna światowa, Białoruś, okupacja, Oskar-Paul Dirlewanger Służba Wilddiebkommando (tak też był określany oddział Dirlewan- gera) na spokojnym zapleczu w GG zakończyła się z początkiem 1942 r. SS-Sdr.Kdo Dirlewanger przebywało do 25 stycznia 1942 r. w Lublinie. Jego wycofanie miało nastąpić następnego dnia, o czym byli powiado- * Niniejszy tekst powstał w wyniku realizacji projektu badawczego pt. „Studium przypadku SS-Sonderkommando Dirlewanger – oddziały i jednostki obcokrajowcó w w zmaganiach wojennych dwó ch imperió w (III Rzeszy i ZSRR) w latach 1940–1945”, nr UMO-2014/13/N/HS3/04429, fi nansowanego ze ś rodkó w Narodowego Centrum Nauki. -
Organizacja Administracji Władz Okupacyjnych Na Ziemiach Polskich
ROCZNIKI NAUK PRAWNYCH Tom XXII, numer 3 — 2012 JACEK DZIOBEK-ROMAN ´ SKI Pamie˛ci rodziców mojego ojca: Anieli i Józefa II, którzy dnia 26 czerwca 1944 r. zgine˛li w tej straszliwej poz˙odze ORGANIZACJA ADMINISTRACJI WŁADZ OKUPACYJNYCH NA ZIEMIACH POLSKICH W LATACH 1939-1945 W wyniku przegranej wojny obronnej we wrzes´niu 1939 r. Polska utraciła swoj ˛aniezalez˙nos´c´, zas´jej terytorium zostało podzielone na dwie zasadnicze strefy wpływów, co nast ˛apiło w efekcie zarówno napas´ci Niemiec hitlerow- skich, jak i stalinowskiej Armii Czerwonej. Formalnie granice˛mie˛dzy Niem- cami hitlerowskimi a Zwi ˛azkiem Sowieckim ustalono w tajnym protokole do- datkowym do paktu Ribbentrop-Mołotow z 23 sierpnia 1939 r., w s´wietle re- gulacji którego m.in. pan´stwo polskie miało znalez´c´sie˛ w strefie wpływów zarówno Niemiec, jak i ZSRS. Granica miała zostac´ okres´lona na linii: Narew-Wisła-San 1. Celem prezentowanego krótkiego studium be˛dzie ukazanie kształtu ustro- jowego cywilnej administracji obu okupantów. Poniewaz˙ jednak sytuacja polityczna w omawianym okresie sie˛zmieniała, s´ladem zmian terytorialnych zmieniała sie˛ i administracja, co takz˙e be˛dzie w niniejszym materiale przes´ledzone. 1 E,8D,H>Z6 *@B@:>4H,:\>Z6 BD@H@8@: 8 )@(@&@DJ @ >,>"B"*,>44 <,0*J ',D<">4,6 4 E@&,HF84< E@`2@< @H 23 "&(JFH" 1939 (., [w:] )@8J<,>HZ &>,T>,6 B@:4H484 . 1940-22 4`>b 1941 , H. XXIII, ks. 2, ;@F8&" 1992, s. 321, pkt 2. 272 JACEK DZIOBEK-ROMAN ´ SKI 1. ORGANIZACJA ADMINISTRACJI CYWILNEJ NA ZIEMIACH WŁ ˛ACZONYCH DO RZESZY Od strony zmian terytorialnych wypadki potoczyły sie˛szybko, gdyz˙pierw- szym aktem prawnym zmieniaj ˛acym ustrój polityczny była ustawa Reistagu z 1 wrzes´nia 1939 r. -
Informationen Zur Politischen Bildung/Izpb
Informationen 316 zur politischen Bildung / izpb 3/2012 Nationalsozialismus: Krieg und Holocaust 2 Nationalsozialismus: Krieg und Holocaust Inhalt Krieg und Holocaust ....................................................................... 4 Der Weg in den Krieg ......................................................................5 Außenpolitische Erfolge ......................................................................... 5 Wille zum Krieg .........................................................................................9 Hitler-Stalin-Pakt .................................................................................... 12 Krieg und Besatzung in Ost- und Westeuropa .......... 16 Siedlung und Vertreibung ...................................................................19 Kriegsalltag und Widerstand in Deutschland ........................... 20 Besetzung Westeuropas .......................................................................22 Luftkrieg gegen Großbritannien ..................................................... 24 Vernichtungskrieg gegen die Sowjetunion ..................................25 Massenmord und Holocaust ..................................................33 Krankenmord ............................................................................................33 Deportationen ......................................................................................... 36 Mord an den polnischen Juden .........................................................41 Wannsee-Konferenz ...............................................................................42 -
Operation 1005 in Belorussia: Commonalities and Unique Features, 1942–1944
DOI:10.17951/k.2017.24.1.155 ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS MARIAE CURIE-SKŁODOWSKA LUBLIN – POLONIA VOL. XXIV, 1 SECTIO K 2017 Tel Aviv University, Goldstein-Goren Diaspora Research Center LEONID SMILOVITSKY Operation 1005 in Belorussia: Commonalities and Unique Features, 1942–1944 ABSTRACT The article is devoted to the little-studied topic of concealing the traces of Nazi mass crimes on the territory of Belarus, in the period from the spring of 1942 to the liberation of the Republic in the summer of 1944. “Operation 1005” is the code name of a top-secret large-scale operation, carried out by Nazi Germany in order to hide the traces of mass killings committed in Europe during World War II. Citing numerous examples of the cities, regions and areas of Belarus, the author reveals the mechanism used by the Nazis for concealing the consequences of mass murders, names the initiators of these crimes, the executioners and their accomplices. The article has been written on the basis of documentary materials found in various archives, which have been supplemented by the testimony of witnesses of those events, that allowed the author to show the general and the particular, and to draw the necessary conclusions. Key words: “Operation 1005”, Belarus, Jews, Holocaust, genocide, Belarus Jewry, WW2, Nazi crimes INTRODUCTION During the Second World War, in the region of Belorussia (in the territory of modern-day Belarus), the Nazis established over 260 SS and SD forced-labor and internment camps, prisons, penal colonies, and transit camps and colonies for women and children [Mikhnuk 1995: 295]. The Jewish population of Belorussia was cut off and doomed to die in over 300 small and large ghettos throughout the country.