Celebrating 50 Years of Artificial Intelligence Criginal photograph courtesy, Boston Convention and Visitor’s Bureau and Visitor’s Convention courtesy, Boston Criginal photograph Conference Program Twenty-First National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-06) Eighteenth Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI-06)
July 16 – 20, 2006 Seaport Hotel and World Trade Center Boston, Massachusetts
Sponsored by the American Association for Artificial Intelligence
Cosponsored by the National Science Foundation, Naval Research Laboratory, Microsoft Research, The Boeing Company, Michael Genesereth, ITA Software, Inc., Google, Intel Corporation, Yahoo! Research, Idaho National Laboratory, IBM Research, Ask Jeeves, Intelligent Information Systems Institute, Cornell University, Teknowledge Corporation, ACM/SIGART, K-Team/RoadNarrows, MobileRobots Inc. The Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency also provided funds. Member Abstracts I Ask Jeeves and Posters Cochairs I Intelligent Information Systems Institute, Contents Cornell University Dieter Fox (University of Washington) and I Teknowledge Corporation Ion Muslea (Language Weaver) Acknowledgments / 2 I ACM/SIGART Awards / 2–3 Tutorial Forum Cochairs I K-Team/RoadNarrows Conference at a Glance / 5 I Qiang Yang (Hong Kong University of Sci- MobileRobots Inc. Doctoral Consortium / 4 ence and Technology) and Carla Gomes The Defense Advanced Projects Research Agen- Exhibition / 16 (Cornell University) cy also provided funds. Game Playing Competition / 17 General Information / 19 Workshop Cochairs Awards IAAI-06 Program / 8–13 Joyce Chai (Michigan State University) and All AAAI-06, IAAI-06, and AAAI Special Intelligent Systems Demonstrations / 17 Keith Decker (University of Delaware) Awards will be presented Tuesday, July Invited Talks / 6–7 Doctoral Consortium Poker Competition / 18 18, 8:30 – 9:00 AM, in the Commonwealth Chair and Cochair Posters / 14 Complex on the Harbor Level of the World Registration / 21 Kiri Wagstaff (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) Trade Center. and Terran Lane (University of New Mexico) Robot Competition and Exhibition / 18 Special Events and Programs / 3–4 Student Abstract and Poster Cochairs AAAI-06 Awards Special Meetings / 7 Maria Fox (University of Strathclyde), The AAAI-06 Awards will be presented by Sponsoring Organizations / 2 Sailesh Ramakrishnan (University of Michi- program cochairs Yolanda Gil and Ray- Technical Program / 8–13 gan), and Lynn Andrea Stein (Franklin W. mond C. Mooney. Tutorial Forum / 6 Olin College of Engineering) Outstanding Paper Awards Workshop Program /4 Intelligent Systems Demonstrations Cochairs Model Counting: A New Strategy for Obtain- ing Good Bounds by Carla P. Gomes, Ashish Rob Miller (Massachusetts Institute of Tech- Acknowledgments Sabharwal, and Bart Selman (Cornell Uni- nology) and Biplav Srivastava (IBM India Re- versity) The American Association for Artificial search Labs) Intelligence acknowledges and thanks the Game Playing Competition Chair Towards an Axiom System for Default Logic following individuals for their generous by Gerhard Lakemeyer (Aachen University Michael Genesereth (Stanford University) contributions of time and energy to the of Technology), and Hector J. Levesque successful creation and planning of the Mobile Robot Competition and (University of Toronto) Twenty-First National Conference on Arti- Exhibition General Cochairs Outstanding Senior Program ficial Intelligence and the Eighteenth Paul Rybski (Carnegie Mellon University) Committee Member Award Conference on Innovative Applications of and Jeffrey Forbes (Duke University) Artificial Intelligence. Brian Williams (Massachusetts Institute of Poker Competition Cochairs Technology) AAAI Conference Committee Chair Jonathan Schaeffer (University of Alberta) and Michael Littman (Rutgers University) James Hendler (University of Maryland) Outstanding Program Committee Sponsorship Chair Member Awards AAAI-06 General Conference Chair Illah Nourbakhsh (Carnegie Mellon Ernie Davis (New York University), and Kenneth D. Forbus (Northwestern University) University) Rosemary Emery-Montemerlo (Stanford University) AAAI-06 Technical Program Cochairs Student Participation Associate Chairs Yolanda Gil, (Information Sciences Institute, Martin Michalowski and Matt Michelson (In- University of Southern California) and Ray- formation Sciences Institute, University of IAAI-06 Deployed mond Mooney (University of Texas at Austin) Southern California) Applications Awards IAAI-06 Program Chair and Cochair Technical Program Software Chair The six IAAI-06 Deployed Application Bruce Porter (University of Texas at Austin) Ken Barker (University of Texas at Austin) Awards will be announced by the IAAI-06 and William Cheetham (General Electric Re- A complete listing of the AAAI-06 and chair Bruce Porter and cochair William search) IAAI-06 program committee members ap- Cheetham. Please see the schedule for pa- per titles. Certificates will be presented Special Track on Artificial pears in the conference proceedings. during paper sessions. Intelligence and the Web Cochairs Sponsoring Tim Finin (University of Maryland, Balti- Robert S. Engelmore more County) and Dragomir Radev (Univer- Organizations Memorial Award and Lecture sity of Michigan) AAAI gratefully acknowledges the gener- The Robert S. Engelmore Award is spon- Special Track on Integrated ous contributions of the following organi- sored by IAAI-06 and AI Magazine, and Intelligent Capabilities Cochairs zations to AAAI-06: will be presented by Bruce Porter and Art Graesser (University of Memphis) and I National Science Foundation William Cheetham, IAAI-06 chair and Reid Simmons (Carnegie Mellon University) I Naval Research Laboratory I Microsoft Research cochair, and David B. Leake, editor-in- Senior Member Papers Cochairs I The Boeing Company chief, AI Magazine. The award and lecture Kathy McKeown (Columbia University) and I Michael Genesereth was established in 2003 to honor Robert Dan Weld, University of Washington I ITA Software, Inc. Engelmore's extraordinary service to I Google AAAI, AI Magazine, and the AI applica- AAAI Nectar Papers Cochairs I Intel Corporation AnHai Doan (University of Illinois at Ur- I Yahoo! Research tions community, and his contributions to bana-Champaign) and Elaine Rich (Universi- I Idaho National Laboratory applied AI. The 2006 award will be pre- ty of Texas at Austin) I IBM Research sented to Bruce Buchanan, University
2CONTENTS & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & SPONSORS & AWARDS Professor of Computer Science Emeritus (University of Pittsburgh), for leadership Keynote Address in artificial intelligence and pioneering contributions to knowledge-based sys- Tim Berners-Lee (Director, World Wide Web Consortium) tems, machine learning, and automated discovery, along with significant applica- Tuesday, July 18, 9:00 – 10:00 AM tions in medicine, biology and chemistry. Commonwealth Complex, World Trade Center The lecture will be held Wednesday, July 19, 4:20 PM, in Harborview II. The relationship between AI and the semantic web has been something that has pro- AAAI Special Awards voked a lot of heated corridor discussion over the years. This talk will try to outline Special awards will be presented by what the semantic web is and is not, at a conference where there may be some an- Ronald J. Brachman, Awards Committee niversary reflection on what AI is and is not. It is not always obvious how to transfer chair and AAAI past president, and Alan existing AI techniques into a fractal weblike space, or what the effect will be. But it is Mackworth, AAAI president. certainly exciting. Classic Paper Award A graduate of Oxford University, England, Berners-Lee now holds the 3Com Founders The 2006 AAAI Classic Paper Award will chair at the Laboratory for Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL) be given jointly to the authors of two pa- at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he leads the Decentralized pers considered to be the most influential Information group (DIG). He directs the World Wide Web Consortium, an open forum from the Sixth National Conference on Ar- of companies and organizations with the mission to lead the Web to its full potential. tificial Intelligence, held in 1987 in Seat- With a background of system design in real-time communications and text processing tle, Washington. software development, in 1989 he invented the World Wide Web, an internet-based hy- The 2006 award winners are Philip E. permedia initiative for global information sharing, while working at CERN, the Euro- Agre and David Chapman for Pengi: An pean Particle Physics Laboratory. He wrote the first web client (browser-editor) and Implementation of a Theory of Activity and server in 1990. Michael P. Georgeff and Amy L. Lansky for Reactive Reasoning and Planning. The authors of two additional papers have received honorable mention, includ- $10,000 award will be presented to the and technical advances in research) have ing Richard E. Korf for Real-Time Heuristic winning entrant. AAAI gratefully ac- been integrated into the technical pro- Search: First Results and Judea Pearl and knowledges the generous contribution of gram schedule throughout the confer- Thomas Verma for The Logic of Represent- Michael Genesereth, who has made this ence, and AAAI members will present ing Dependencies by Directed Graphs. award possible. The Award will be pre- posters during the poster session on sented by Michael Genesereth, Competi- Wednesday evening, July 19. Distinguished Service Award tion Chair. The AAAI Distinguished Service Award AAAI Fellows 50th Anniversary Panel recognizes one individual each year for 2006 AAAI Fellows A special Fellows 50th Anniversary Panel extraordinary service to the AI communi- Recognition Dinner will be held Tuesday, July 18, 5:30 – 6:30 ty. The 2006 award winner is Edward pm in the Commonwealth Complex of the Feigenbaum (Kumagai Professor of Com- Each year, the American Association for World Trade Center. Artificial Intelligence recognizes a small puter Science and Coscientific Director, Open Scientific Questions Blog Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford number of members who have made sig- Please take a moment to visit this exhibit University) for a lifetime of service to ar- nificant sustained contributions to the in the registration area on the upper level tificial intelligence as a tireless and effec- field of artificial intelligence, and who of the World Trade Center. An offshoot of tive champion of the field, including sem- have attained unusual distinction in the the recent AAAI Fellows Symposium, inal contributions to the theory and prac- profession. AAAI is pleased to announce AAAI-06 conference attendee feedback tice of knowledge-based systems, coedi- the seven newly elected Fellows for 2006: will be solicited regarding open scientific torship of the first major collection of AI Fahiem Bacchus (University of Toronto) questions that will help shape the next 50 papers, mentorship of numerous leading Craig Boutilier (University of Toronto) years of research in AI. AI researchers, facilitation of the com- Anthony G. Cohn (University of Leeds) Gregory F. Cooper (University of Pittsburgh) mercialization of AI technology, and ser- AAAI Fellow / Student Lunches Jude W. Shavlik (University of Wisconsin) vice to the AI and computer science com- Oliviero Stock (ITC-IRST) A small number of students will have the munities in many key leadership roles, in- Sebastian Thrun (Stanford University) opportunity to chat with a AAAI Fellow cluding president of AAAI and chief sci- over an informal lunch during the confer- entist of the US Air Force. New and Special Programs ence. For more information, check out the AAAI-06 will include several new and spe- Student Activities site described below. General Game Playing cial programs as AI celebrates the 50th an- Competition niversary of the Dartmouth Conference. Opening Reception The AAAI General Game Playing Compe- The program chairs have added two spe- The AAAI-06 Opening Reception will be tition is designed to test the abilities of cial tracks to the technical program — AI held Monday, July 17, 6:00 – 7:00 PM in general game playing systems by compar- & the Web and Integrated Intelligent Ca- the Plaza Ballroom of the Seaport Hotel. ing their performance on a variety of pabilities — which will run consecutively This event will provide the traditional op- games. The competition will consist of in the Cityview I room in the World Trade portunity for attendees to socialize in a re- two phases: a qualification round and a Center, July 18-19. AAAI Senior Member laxed setting prior to the beginning of the runoff competition during AAAI. A papers and Nectar papers (new scientific first day of technical sessions. A variety of
KEYNOTE ADDRESS &AWARDS 3 Workshop Program
All workshop participants W8: Event Extraction and W3: Cognitive Modeling and 8:35 am – 3:30 PM, Waterfront must register for the AAAI-06 Synthesis. Organizers: Naveen Agent-Based Social Simula- I, Harbor Level, WTC technical program and pay the Ashish, Doug Appelt, Dayne tion. Organizers: M. Afzal Upal W13: Modeling and Re- supplemental workshop fee. Freitag, and Dmitry Zelenko. and Ron Sun. 1:50 PM – 6:00 PM, trieval of Context (Continued Workshops will be held in the 9:15 AM – 5:30 PM, North End Back Bay I, Mezzanine Level, from Sunday). 9:15 AM – 4:30 WTC World Trade Center (WTC) and Complex, Harbor Level, WTC PM, Seaport C, Mezzanine Lev- Seaport Hotel. All workshops W11: Intelligent Techniques W4: Cognitive Robotics el are one full day unless noted for Web Personalization. Or- (Continued from Sunday), 8:30 W14: Modeling Others from otherwise. ganizers: Bamshad Mobasher AM – 2:00 PM, Seaport A, Mez- Observations. Organizers: Gal and Sarabjot Singh Anand. zanine Level. Sunday, July 16 Kaminka, David Pynadath, and Cambridge Complex, Harbor W6: Educational Data Min- Christopher Geib, 8:30 AM – W1: AI-Driven Technologies Level, WTC ing. Organizers: Joseph E. Beck, 1:15 PM, Back Bay, Mezzanine for Services-Oriented Com- W12: Learning for Search. Esma Aimeur, and Tiffany Level, WTC Barnes. 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM, Sea- puting. Organizers: Prashant Organizers: Wheeler Ruml and W17: Statistical and Empiri- port B, Mezzanine Level. Doshi, Richard Goodwin, and Frank Hutter. 8:45 AM – 6:00 cal Approaches for Spoken Amit Sheth. 8:45 AM – 5:15 PM, PM, Harborview II, Upper Lev- W7: Evaluation Methods for Dialog Systems. Organizers: Waterfront I, Harbor Level, el, WTC Machine Learning. Organiz- Pascal Poupart, Stephanie Sen- WTC W13: Modeling and Retrieval ers: Chris Drummond, William eff, Jason Williams, and Steve W4: Cognitive Robotics (1.5 of Context (2 days). Organiz- Elazmeh, and Nathalie Jap- Young, 9:00 AM – 5:30 PM, Cam- days). Organizers: Michael ers: Thomas R. Roth-Berghofer, kowicz. 9:00 AM – 5:45 PM, Back bridge Complex, Harbor Level, Beetz, Kanna Rajan, Michael Stefan Schulz, and David B. Bay II, Mezzanine Level, WTC WTC Thielscher, and Radu Bogdan Leake. 8:45 AM – 6:00 pM, Sea- W9: Heuristic Search, Mem- Rusu. 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM, Sea- port C, Mezzanine Level. ory-Based Heuristics and Thursday, July 20 port A, Mezzanine Level. Their Applications. Organiz- The Mobile Robot Work- W5: Computational Aesthet- Monday, July 17 ers: Ariel Felner, Robert C. shop. Chair: Bob Avanzato. ics: Artificial Intelligence W2: Auction-Based Robot Holte, and Hector Geffner. 10:00 AM – 4:00 PM, Plaza A, Approaches to Beauty and Coordination. Organizers: 8:30 AM – 5:45 PM, Harborview Plaza Level, Seaport Hotel. Happiness. Organizers: Hugo Bernardine Dias, Sven Koenig II, Upper Level, WTC Liu and Rada Mihalcea. 8:45 and Michail G. Lagoudakis. W10: Human Implications AM – 5:40 PM, Cityview I, Upper 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM, Cityview I, of Human-Robot Interac- Level, WTC Upper Level, WTC tion. Organizer: Ted Metzler. hors d’oeuvres and a no-host bar will be AAAI/SIGART Student Blog & Forums available. Admittance to the reception is Doctoral Consortium AAAI06blog is a student run blog that will free to AAAI-06 registrants. A $40.00 per The Eleventh AAAI/SIGART Doctoral describe and document AAAI-06 and person fee ($10.00 for children) will be Consortium program will be held on Sun- IAAI-06 from a student’s perspective. A charged for spouses and other nontechni- day, July 16, 8:45 AM – 5:30 PM, and Mon- small group of student bloggers attending cal conference registrants. day, July 17, 9:00 AM – 5:40 PM in the Con- the conferences will post daily items at aaai06.blogspot.com describing their ob- AAAI-06 Poster & stitution Room on the mezzanine level of the Seaport Hotel. The Doctoral Consor- servations, experiences, reactions, Demonstration Session tium provides an opportunity for a group thoughts and questions. Pictures from the A conference-wide poster and demonstra- of Ph.D. students to discuss and explore conference will be uploaded to the linked tion session will be held on Wednesday, their research interests and career objec- photo blog. Other students attending July 19, 5:30 – 9:30 PM and will feature tives in an interdisciplinary workshop to- AAAI are welcome to participate by AAAI-06 Technical Posters, Nectar gether with a panel of established re- adding their own observations via com- Posters, AAAI Member Abstracts, Student searchers. The thirteen students accepted ments attached to posts and photographs. Abstracts, Doctoral Consortium Abstracts, to participate in this program, as well as In addition, several student-run forums and Intelligent Systems Demonstrations. several other DC-06 applicants, will par- are available via the AAAI-06 Student Ac- tivities website at pegasus2.isi.edu/aaai06- (For a complete listing of posters, please ticipate in the Poster Session on Wednes- studentinfo/. refer to page 14.) The accompanying re- day evening. All interested AAAI-06 stu- ception will include a light dinner buffet dent registrants are invited to observe the Fifth Americas School and a no-host bar. Admittance to the re- presentations and participate in discus- ception is free to AAAI-06 registrants. A sions at the workshop. AAAI and SIGART on Agents and Multiagent $30.00 per person fee ($10.00 for children) gratefully acknowledge grants from the Systems will be charged for spouses and other non- National Science Foundation, Google Inc. The Fifth Americas School on Agents and technical conference registrants. and Microsoft that provide partial funding Multiagent Systems will be held July 14 - for this event. 17 at Harvard University and The Seaport
4WORKSHOP PROGRAM Morning AFTERNOON EVENING
Sunday, July 16
Registration Registration Tutorial Forum Tutorial Forum Workshops Workshops AAAI/SIGART DC AAAI/SIGART DC
Monday, July 17
Registration Registration Opening Reception Tutorial Forum Tutorial Forum Workshops Workshops AAAI/SIGART DC AAAI/SIGART DC AAAI Business Meeting Game Playing Competitition Game Playing Competition Poker Tournament Poker Tournament
Tuesday, July 18
Registration Registration Fellows Panel AAAI-06 Keynote Address IAAI-06 Invited Talk AAAI-06 & IAAI-06 AAAI-06 & IAAI-06 Game Playing Competition Game Playing Competition Poker Tournament Poker Tournament Exhibits & Robots Exhibits & Robots
Wednesday, July 19
Registration Registration Posters & IS Demos Invited Talks Engelmore Lecture and Reception AAAI-06 & IAAI –06 AAAI-06 & IAAI –06 Game Playing Competition Game Playing Competition Poker Tournament Poker Tournament Exhibits & Robots Exhibits & Robots Robot Finals
Thursday, July 20
Registration AAAI-06 Invited Talks AAAI-06 / IAAI-06 Exhibits Robot Workshop
CONFERENCE AT A GLANCE 5 Invited Talks & Panels Tutorial Forum All invited talks will be held in the World Trade Center. AAAI-06 technical registrants may at- SP2: State-Space Traversal Tech- Tuesday, July 18 tend up to four consecutive tutorials niques for AI Planning, Jussi Rin- and receive one copy of the compre- tanen (Harborview I, Upper Level) AAAI-06 Keynote Address hensive AAAI-06 Tutorial Forum Notes SP3: Trading Agent Design and Anal- AI and the Semantic Web for an additional registration fee. Tutori- ysis, Michael P. Wellman (Federal Tim Berners-Lee (World Wide Web Consor- al attendees may redeem their tutorial Complex, Mezzanine Level) tium). Commonwealth Complex, Harbor syllabi tickets at the proceedings distri- Level, 9:00 – 10:00 AM (see page 3) bution area. All tutorials will be held in III: Monday, July 17 the World Trade Center. IAAI-06 Invited Talk 9:00 AM – 1:00 PM Winning the DARPA Grand Challenge I: Sunday, July 16 MA1: The Art and Science of Action Sebastian Thrun (Stanford University). Programming Languages, Michael 9:00 AM – 1:00 PM Commonwealth Complex, Harbor Level, Thielscher (Cityview II, Upper Level) SA1: Auction-Based Agent Coordina- 1:50 – 2:50 PM tion, M. Bernardine Dias, Gil Jones, MA2: Scenario-based Design of User The DARPA Grand Chal- Nidhi R. Kalra, Pinar Keskinocak, Interfaces: Theory from AI and lenge was the most signifi- Sven Koenig, Michail G. Lagoudakis, Application in HCI, Hermann cant event in the field of and Robert Zlot (Cityview II, Upper Kaindl (Harborview I, Upper Level) robotics in more than a decade. A mobile ground Level) 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM robot had to traverse 132 SA2: Case-Based Reasoning: Theory MAP3: Empirical Methods for Artifi- miles of punishing desert terrain in less and Application, Cynthia Marling cial Intelligence, Paul Cohen (North than ten hours. In 2004, the best robot on- and William Cheetham (Harborview End Complex, Harbor Level) ly made 7.3 miles. A year later, Stanford I, Upper Level) MAP4: Semantic Web Services, won this historical challenge and cashed SA3: Computational Biology: Per- Michael Stollberg, Emilia Cimpian, the $2M prize. This talk, delivered by the spective and Approaches Based Liliana Cabral, and John Domingue leader of the Stanford Racing Team, will on Feature Extraction and Selec- (Waterfront II, Harbor Level) provide insights into the software archi- tion, Weixiong Zhang (Federal Com- tecture of Stanford’s winning robot “Stan- MAP5: Temporal and Resource Rea- plex, Mezzanine Level) ley.” The robot heavily relied on advanced soning for Planning, Scheduling sensor technology, and advanced artificial 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM and Execution, Nicola Muscettola intelligence to make sense out of the mas- and Martha E. Pollack (Waterfront III, SAP4: Getting the Most from Re- sive amounts of sensor data acquired by Harbor Level) searchCyc, Larry Lefkowitz, Michael the vehicle. The talk will introduce you Witbrock, and Keith Goolsbey (Back IV: Monday, July 17 into the fascinating world of autonomous Bay I, Mezzanine Level) robotics, share with you many of the race SAP5: USARSim and MOAST: Ad- 2:00 – 6:00 PM insights, and discuss with you some of the vanced Tools for High-Fidelity implications for the future of our society. MP1: Intelligent User Interfaces: An Simulation of Distributed Robot Introduction, Mark T. Maybury AAAI Fellows 50th Anniversary Panel Systems, Stephen Balakirsky, Mike (Cityview II, Upper Level) Lewis, and Stefano Carpin (Back Bay Commonwealth Complex, Harbor Level, II, Mezzanine Level) MP2: Language Independent Meth- 5:30 – 6:30 PM. ods of Clustering Similar Contexts II: Sunday, July 16 (with applications), Ted Pedersen (Har- Wednesday, July 19 borview I, Upper Level) 2:00 – 6:00 PM AAAI-06 Invited Talk SP1: Constraint-Based Local Search, Developing an Intelligent Personal Laurent Michel and Pascal Van Hen- Assistant: The CALO Project tenryck (Cityview II, Upper Level) Karen Myers, (SRI International). Amphi- theater, Mezzanine Level, 9:00 – 10:00 AM Knowledge workers today must juggle a range of tasks and responsibilities while Hotel and World Trade Center. This pro- of AAAI-06 tutorials. The Americas Pro- maintaining awareness of gram is aimed at orienting new graduate gram Chairs are Roger Mailler, SRI Inter- deadlines, resources and students in the field of Agents and Multi- national and David Sarne, Harvard Uni- events that could impact agent Systems. The program will consists versity. Sponsored by the International objectives. I will describe a collaboration of two days of lectures by internationally Foundation for Multiagent Systems (IF- by a team of 25 organizations to produce recognized researchers in Agents and MAS) and the American Association for an intelligent personal assistant for im- Multiagent Systems, followed by two days Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). proving the productivity of such workers. This assistant, called CALO (cognitive as-
6TUTORIAL FORUM & INVITED TALKS sistant that learns and organizes), both these systems exhibited general intelli- Cognitive tutors are com- performs tasks on its user’s behalf and as- gence, but each documented our ability to puter-based intelligent tu- sists with the filtering, organization, and codify and distribute human problem tors that are based on cog- preparation of information. CALO is seed- solving knowledge, and put it to work. nitive psychology theory ed with default problem-solving knowl- and employ artificial intel- edge but learns to expand and improve its Robert S. Engelmore Memorial Lecture ligence methods. Cognitive capabilities over time by observing and in- What Do We Know About Knowledge? tutors have led to significant improve- teracting with its user. Bruce G. Buchanan (University Professor of ments in student learning and are now in Computer Science Emeritus, University of regular use in mathematics classrooms in AAAI-06 Invited Talk Pittsburgh). Harborview II, Upper Level, over 2,000 schools across the country. Global Inference and Learning: Towards 4:20 – 5:20 PM They have also been an important basic Natural Language Understanding Intelligent systems need research vehicle to test and advance both Dan Roth (University of Illinois at Urbana- knowledge. However, the psychology and AI theory. Besides illus- Champaign). Cityview I, Upper Level, 9:00 simple equation “knowl- trating this important application of AI, I – 10:00 AM edge is power” leaves three will also discuss how we have diverged The maturity of machine major questions unan- from a time when theoretical explorations learning techniques allows swered. First what do we of machine and human learning were us today to learn many low mean by “knowledge,” second, what do more closely aligned and how it is now level natural language pred- we mean by “power,” and third, what do time reconvene and to fruitfully compare icates and generate an ap- we mean by “is?” In this talk Buchanan and contrast the independent theoretical propriate vocabulary over will examine these questions. In particu- advances both fields have made. which reasoning methods can be used to lar he will focus on some of the mile- make significant progress in natural lan- stones in understanding the nature of guage understanding. I will describe re- knowledge and some of what we have search on a framework that combines learned from fifty years of AI. The disci- Special Meetings learning and inference. Our Inference pline and detail required to write pro- with Classifiers approach allows the out- grams that use knowledge have given us put of local classifiers for different prob- some valuable lessons for implementing AAAI Business Meeting lem components to be assembled into a the knowledge principle. But there are The AAAI Annual Business Meeting will whole that reflects global preferences and still interesting challenges ahead. be held Monday, July 17, 12:45 – 1:15 constraints. Examples will be drawn from pm, Seaport B, Seaport Hotel “wh” attribution in natural language pro- Thursday, July 20 cessing (determining who did what to AAAI Conference whom when and where) and textual en- AAAI-06 Invited Talk Committee Meeting tailment (determining whether one utter- Unifying Logical and Statistical AI The Conference Committee Meeting ance is a likely consequence of another). Pedro Domingos (University of Washington). will be held Thursday, July 19, 7:45 – Amphitheater, Mezzanine Level, 9:00 – 8:45 AM, 16th Floor Boardroom, Seaport IAAI-06 Invited Talk 10:00 AM Hotel Electrifying Knowledge Work: 362 In- Intelligent agents must be novative Applications of Artificial In- AAAI Publications able to handle the complex- Committee Meeting telligence 1989 – 2006 ity and uncertainty of the The Publications Committee Meeting Neil Jacobstein (Teknowledge real world. Logical AI has will be held Wednesday, July 19, 12:30 – Corporation). Harborview II, focused mainly on the for- 1:50 PM, Aura Restaurant, Seaport Hotel Upper Level, 10:20–11:20 AM. mer, and statistical AI on Early stage artificial intelli- the latter. Markov logic combines the two AI Magazine gence has already produced by attaching weights to first-order formu- Editorial Board Meeting a wide range of valuable ap- las and viewing them as templates for fea- The AI Magazine Editorial Board Meet- plications in industry and government. tures of Markov networks. Inference algo- ing will be held Tuesday, July 18, 12:30 – Many of these applications have per- rithms for Markov logic draw on ideas 2:00 PM, 16th Floor Boardroom, Seaport formed complex tasks such as planning, from satisfiability, Markov chain Monte Hotel monitoring, design, risk assessment, diag- Carlo and knowledge-based model con- nosis, training, process control, classifica- struction. Learning algorithms are based Executive Council Meeting tion, and analysis. AAAI’s Innovative Ap- on the voted perceptron and inductive The AAAI Executive Council Meeting plications of AI Conference has published logic programming. Markov logic has will be held Monday, July 17, 9:00 am – over 360 successful applications of AI in been successfully applied to problems in 5:00 PM, 16th Floor Boardroom, Seaport fields as diverse as biotechnology, space entity resolution, link prediction, infor- Hotel. Continental breakfast will be flight, manufacturing, security, paleontol- mation extraction and others, and is the available at 8:30 AM. ogy, construction, energy, music, mili- basis of the open-source Alchemy system. Strategic Planning tary, intelligence, banking, telecommuni- Committee Meeting cations, news media, management, law, AAAI-06 Invited Talk emergency services, agriculture, treaty Cognitive Tutors and Opportunities The AAAI Strategic Planning Committee verification, and many others. This talk for Convergence of Human and Ma- Meeting will be held Wednesday, July 19, 7:30 – 9:00 AM, 16th Floor Board- will review the patterns that connect chine Learning Theory room, Seaport Hotel. these applications over 18 years of the Ken Koedinger (Carnegie Mellon University). IAAI conference: what worked, what did- Cityview I, Upper Level, 9:00 – 10:00 AM. n’t, and what were the key trends. None of
INVITED TALKS & SPECIAL MEETINGS 7 Seaport B&C Harborview I (WTC) Cityview II (WTC)
8:30 - 9:00 AM: AAAI-06 Welcome and Opening Remarks and Paper Award Presentations, Yolanda Gil and Raymond Mooney, Commonwealth Complex, Harbor Level, WTC IAAI-06 Welcome, Robert S. Engelmore Memorial Award, and Deployed Application Award Announcements, Bruce Porter, William Cheetham and David B. Leake AAAI Special Award Presentations, Ron Brachman and Alan Mackworth, Commonwealth Complex, Harbor Level, WTC 9:00 - 10:00 AM: AAAI-06 Keynote Address: AI and the Semantic Web, Tim Berners-Lee; Introduction by Yolanda Gil, Commonwealth Complex, Harbor Level, WTC Plenary
Machine Learning I Multiagent Systems I Planning Chair: Weixiong Zhang Chair: Shlomo Zilberstein Chair: Jussi Rintanen
AM Active Learning with Near Misses, Nela Gurevich, Shaul Analysis of Privacy Loss in Distributed Constraint Opti- Senior: Deconstructing Planning as Satisfiability, Henry Markovitch, and Ehud Rivlin mization, Rachel Greenstadt, Jonathan P. Pearce, and Kautz Senior: Towards Chemical Universal Turing Machines, Milind Tambe Factored Planning: How, When, and When Not, Ronen Stephen Muggleton A New Approach to Distributed Task Assignment using I. Brafman and Carmel Domshlak Nectar: Activity-Centric Email: A Machine Learning Ap- Lagrangian Decomposition and Distributed Constraint A Modular Action Description Language, Vladimir Lifs- proach, Nicholas Kushmerick, Tessa Lau, Mark Dredze, Satisfaction, Katsutoshi Hirayama chitz and Wanwan Ren and Rinat Khoussainov Algorithms for Rationalizability and CURB Sets, Michael Benisch, George Davis, and Tuomas Sandholm 10:20 – 11:20 – 11:20 10:20
Machine Learning II Multiagent Systems II Planning: Plan Recognition Chair: Rich Caruana Chair: Jeff Rosenschein Chair: Sven Koenig
PM An Efficient Algorithm for Local Distance Metric Learn- Overlapping Coalition Formation for Efficient Data Fu- Sensor-Based Understanding of Daily Life via Large- ing, Liu Yang, Rong Jin, Rahul Sukthankar, and Yi Liu sion in Multi-Sensor Networks, Viet Dung Dang, Rajdeep Scale Use of Common Sense, William Pentney, Ana- K. Dash, Alex Rogers, and Nicholas R. Jennings Maria Popescu, Shiaokai Wang, Henry Kautz, and Efficient L1 Regularized Logistic Regression, Su-In Lee, Honglak Lee, Pieter Abbeel, and Andrew Y. Ng Multiparty Proactive Communication: A Perspective for Matthai Philipose Senior: Knowledge Infusion, Leslie G. Valiant Evolving Shared Mental Models, Kaivan Kamali, Xiao- Fast Hierarchical Goal Schema Recognition, Nate Blay- cong Fan, and John Yen lock and James Allen From Centralized to Distributed Selective Overhearing, Reasoning about Partially Observed Actions, Megan Gery Gutnik and Gal A. Kaminka Nance, Adam Vogel, and Eyal Amir 11:30 – 12:30 11:30
Machine Learning: Case-Based Reasoning Human Computer Interaction & Cognitive Planning: Robust Planning and Analogy Modeling: Life-Like Characters & Music Chair: David E. Wilkins Chair: David Aha Chair: Bryan Loyall Contingent Planning with Goal Preferences, Dmitry PM Nectar: Progress in Textual Case-Based Reasoning: Pre- Using Anticipation to Create Believable Behavior, Carlos Shaparau, Marco Pistore, and Paolo Traverso dicting the Outcome of Legal Cases from Text, Stefanie Martinho and Ana Paiva Exploration of the Robustness of Plans, Maria Fox, Brüninghaus and Kevin D. Ashley Senior: Virtual Humans, William R. Swartout Richard Howey, and Derek Long Nectar: Optimizing Similarity Assessment in Case-Based Nectar: TempoExpress: An Expressivity-Preserving Musi- Robust Execution on Contingent, Temporally Flexible Reasoning, Armin Stahl and Thomas Gabel cal Tempo Transformation System, Maarten Grachten, Plans, Stephen A. Block, Andreas F. Wehowsky, and Brian Strategy Variations in Analogical Problem Solving, To m Josep-Lluís Arcos, and Ramon López de Mántaras C. Williams Y. Ouyang and Kenneth D. Forbus 1:50 – 2:50
Machine Learning: Decision Trees Human Computer Interaction & Cognitive Planning under Uncertainty & Association Rules Modeling: Intelligent User Interfaces Chair: David E. Smith Chair: Robert C. Holte Chair: Jon Herlocker Compiling Uncertainty Away: Solving Conformant PM Minimum Description Length Principle: Generators Are Evaluating Preference-based Search Tools: A Tale of Two Planning Problems using a Classical Planner (Some- Preferable to Closed Patterns, Jinyan Li, Haiquan Li, Approaches, Paolo Viappiani, Boi Faltings, and Pearl Pu times), Héctor Palacios and Héctor Geffner Limsoon Wong, Jian Pei, and Guozhu Dong Extracting Knowledge about Users’ Activities from Raw Probabilistic Temporal Planning with Uncertain Dura- Nectar: When a Decision Tree Learner Has Plenty of Workstation Contents, Tom M. Mitchell, Sophie H. Wang, tions, Mausam and Daniel S. Weld Time, Saher Esmeir and Shaul Markovitch Yifen Huang, and Adam Cheyer PPCP: Efficient Probabilistic Planning with Clear Pref- Anytime Induction of Decision Trees: An Iterative Im- Nectar: Lessons on Applying Automated Recommender erences in Partially-Known Environments, Maxim provement Approach, Saher Esmeir and Shaul Systems to Information-Seeking Tasks, Joseph A. Kon- Likhachev and Anthony Stentz
3:00 – 4:00 Markovitch stan, Sean M. McNee, Cai-Nicolas Ziegler, Roberto Torres, Nishikant Kapoor, and John T. Riedl
Machine Learning: Dimensionality Model-Based Systems Perception & Cognition Reduction Chair: Johan de Kleer Chair: Benjamin Kuipers Chair: Weixiong Zhang A Causal Analysis Method for Concurrent Hybrid Au- Self-Supervised Acquisition of Vowels in American En- PM Tensor Embedding Methods, Guang Dai and Dit-Yan Ye- tomata, Michael W. Hofbaur and Franz Wotawa glish, Michael H. Coen ung Approximate Compilation for Embedded Model-based Senior: Multimodal Cognitive Architecture: Making Per- Nectar: Embedding Heterogeneous Data Using Statistical Reasoning, Barry O’Sullivan and Gregory M. Provan ception More Central to Intelligent Behavior, B. Chan- Models, Amir Globerson, Gal Chechik, Fernando Pereira, A Two-Step Hierarchical Algorithm for Model-Based Di- drasekaran and Naftali Tishby agnosis, Alexander Feldman and Arjan van Gemund Nectar: Laughing with HAHAcronym, a Computational Nectar: An Introduction to Nonlinear Dimensionality Humor System, Oliviero Stock and Carlo Strapparava Reduction by Maximum Variance Unfolding, Kilian Q.
4:20 – 5:20 Weinberger and Lawrence K. Saul
Panel Presentation
5:30–6:30 PM AAAI Fellows 50th Anniversary Panel Commonwealth Complex, World Trade Center Evening
8CONFERENCE SCHEDULE—TUESDAY JULY 18 Seaport A Cityview I (WTC) Harborview II (IAAI)
Coffee breaks will be held at 10:00 – 10:20 AM and 4:00 – 4:20 PM. The lunch break will be held from 12:30 – 1:50 PM.
Natural Language I AI & the Web: Collaborative Filtering IAAI-06: Knowledge-Based Systems Chair: Shaul Markovitch Chair: Sofus Macskassy Chair: Neil Jacobstein Corpus-based and Knowledge-based Measures of Text Se- Model-Based Collaborative Filtering as a Defense against Deployed Application: Case-Based Reasoning for General mantic Similarity, Rada Mihalcea, Courtney Corley, and Profile Injection Attacks, Bamshad Mobasher, Robin Burke, Electric Appliance Customer Support, William Cheetham Carlo Strapparava and J. J. Sandvig Emerging Application: Heuristic Search and Information Learning Noun-Modifier Semantic Relations with Corpus- Bookmark Hierarchies and Collaborative Recommenda- Visualization Methods for School Redistricting, Marie des- based and WordNet-based Features, Vivi Nastase, Jelber tion, Ben Markines, Lubomira Stoilova, and Filippo Menczer Jardins, Blazej Bulka, Ryan Carr, Andrew Hunt, Priyang Sayyad-Shirabad, Marina Sokolova, and Stan Szpakowicz Mixed Collaborative and Content-Based Filtering with Us- Rathod, and Penny Rheingans Negation, Contrast and Contradiction in Text Processing, er-Contributed Semantic Features, Matthew Garden and Sanda Harabagiu, Andrew Hickl, and Finley Lacatusu Gregory Dudek
Natural Language II AI & the Web: Trust & Security IAAI-06: Data Mining Chair: Dayne B. Freitag Chair: Biplav Srivastava Chair: Ted Senator Nectar: Opinion Extraction and Summarization on the Trust Representation and Aggregation in a Distributed Deployed Application: Predicting Electricity Distribution Web, Minqing Hu and Bing Liu Agent System, Yonghong Wang and Munindar P. Singh Feeder Failures Using Machine Learning Susceptibility Proposing a New Term Weighting Scheme for Text Catego- Social Network-based Trust in Prioritized Default Logic, Analysis, Philip Gross, Albert Boulanger, Marta Arias, David rization, Man Lan, Chew-Lim Tan, and Hwee-Boon Low Yarden Katz and Jennifer Golbeck Waltz, Philip M. Long, Charles Lawson, Roger Anderson, Matthew Koenig, Mark Mastrocinque, William Fairechio, John Nectar: Beyond Bags of Words: Modeling Implicit User Using Semantic Web Technologies for Policy Management A. Johnson, Serena Lee, Frank Doherty, and Arthur Kressner Preferences in Information Retrieval, Donald Metzler and on the Web, Lalana Kagal, Tim Berners-Lee, Dan Connolly, W. Bruce Croft and Daniel Weitzner Emerging Application: A Sequential Covering Evolutionary Algorithm for Expressive Music Performance, Rafael Ramirez, Amaury Hazan, Jordi Mariner, and Esteban Maestre
Natural Language III AI & the Web: Ontologies IAAI-06 Invited Talk Chair: Ted Pedersen Chair: Vinay K. Chaudhri Winning the DARPA Grand Challenge, Sebastian Senior: Machine Reading, Oren Etzioni, Michele Banko, and OntoSearch: A Full-Text Search Engine for the Semantic Thrun, introduced by Bruce Porter Michael J. Cafarella Web, Xing Jiang and Ah-Hwee Tan Commonwealth Complex, WTC Nectar: A Look at Parsing and Its Applications, Matthew Towards Modeling Threaded Discussions using Induced Lease, Eugene Charniak, Mark Johnson, and David McClosky Ontology Knowledge, Donghui Feng, Jihie Kim, Erin Shaw, Societal Grounding Is Essential to Meaningful Language and Eduard Hovy Use, David DeVault, Iris Oved, and Matthew Stone Inexact Matching of Ontology Graphs Using Expectation- Maximization, Prashant Doshi and Christopher Thomas
Knowledge-Based Systems AI & the Web: Using the Web as a Knowledge IAAI-06: Biomedical Applications 1 Chair: Michael Witbrock Source Chair: Elaine Rich Chair: Brian Milch Merging Stratified Knowledge Bases under Constraints, Emerging Application: Visual Explanation of Evidence with Guilin Qi, Weiru Liu, and David A. Bell Overcoming the Brittleness Bottleneck using Wikipedia: Additive Classifiers, Brett Poulin, Roman Eisner, Duane Nectar: Large Scale Knowledge Base Systems: An Empiri- Enhancing Text Categorization with Encyclopedic Knowl- Szafron, Paul Lu, Russ Greiner, D. S. Wishart, Alona Fyshe, cal Evaluation Perspective, Yuanbo Guo, Abir Qasem, and edge, Evgeniy Gabrilovich and Shaul Markovitch Brandon Pearcy, Cam MacDowell , and John Anvik Jeff Heflin WikiRelate! Computing Semantic Relatedness Using Emerging Application: MedEthEx: A Prototype Medical A Unified Knowledge Based Approach for Sense Disam- Wikipedia, Michael Strube and Simone Paolo Ponzetto Ethics Advisor, Michael Anderson, Susan Leigh Anderson, biguation and Semantic Role Labeling, Peter Z. Yeh, Bruce Organizing and Searching the World Wide Web of Facts - and Chris Armen Porter, and Ken Barker Step One: The One-Million Fact Extraction Challenge, Marius Pasca, Dekang Lin, Jeffrey Bigham, Andrei Lifchits, and Alpa Jain
Information Integration AI & the Web: Information Extraction IAAI-06: Software Agents Chair: Eyal Amir Chair: Sofus Macskassy Chair: Bill Cheetham Compilation of Query-Rewriting Problems into Tractable Table Extraction Using Spatial Reasoning on the CSS2 Vi- Emerging Application: Building Explainable Artificial Intel- Fragments of Propositional Logic, Yolifé Arvelo, Blai Bonet, sual Box Model, Wolfgang Gatterbauer and Paul Bohunsky ligence Systems, Mark G. Core, H. Chad Lane, Michael van and María Esther Vidal Mining Comparative Sentences and Relations, Nitin Jindal Lent, Dave Gomboc, Steve Solomon, and Milton Rosenberg Nectar: Supporting Queries with Imprecise Constraints, Ul- and Bing Liu Emerging Application: Local Negotiation in Cellular Net- las Nambiar and Subbarao Kambhampati Nectar: Overview of AutoFeed: An Unsupervised Learning works: From Theory to Practice, Raz Lin, Daphna Dor- Classification Spanning Private Databases, Ke Wang, Yabo System for Generating Webfeeds, Bora Gazen and Steven Shifer, Sarit Kraus, and David Sarne Xu, Rong She, and Philip S. Yu Minton
CONFERENCE SCHEDULE—TUESDAY, JULY 18 9 Seaport B&C Harborview I (WTC) Cityview II (WTC)
AAAI-06 Invited Talk Session 9:00 - 10:00 AM: Developing an Intelligent Personal Assistant: The CALO Project, Karen Myers, Introduced by Martha E. Pollack, Amphitheater, Mezzanine Level 9:00 - 10:00 AM: Global Inference and Learning: Towards Natural Language Understanding, Dan Roth, Introduced by Leslie Valiant, Cityview I, World Trade Center Talks
Machine Learning: Reinforcement Learning I Knowledge Representation I Constraint Satisfaction I Chair: Shimon Whiteson Chair: Michael Thielscher Chair: Abdul Sattar
AM Mixtures of Predictive Linear Gaussian Models for Non- Towards an Axiom System for Default Logic, Gerhard Temporal Preference Optimization as Weighted Con- linear, Stochastic Dynamical Systems, David Wingate Lakemeyer and Hector J. Levesque straint Satisfaction, Michael D. Moffitt and Martha E. and Satinder Singh Forgetting and Conflict Resolving in Disjunctive Logic Pollack Representing Systems with Hidden State, Christopher Programming, Thomas Eiter and Kewen Wang Simple Randomized Algorithms for Tractable Row and Hundt, Prakash Panagaden, Joelle Pineau, and Doina Pre- Finding Maximally Satisfiable Terminologies for the De- Tree Convex Constraints, T. K. Satish Kumar cup scription Logic ALC, Thomas Meyer, Kevin Lee, Richard Length-Lex Ordering for Set CSPs, Carmen Gervet and Decision Tree Methods for Finding Reusable MDP Ho- Booth, and Jeff Z. Pan Pascal van Hentenryck momorphisms, Alicia Peregrin Wolfe and Andrew G. Barto 10:20 – 11:20 – 11:20 10:20
Machine Learning: Reinforcement Knowledge Representation II Constraint Satisfaction II Learning II Chair: Xiaoqin (Shelley) Zhang Chair: Barry O’Sullivan
PM Chair: Pascal Poupart Explaining Qualitative Decision under Uncertainty by Exploiting Tree Decomposition and Soft Local Consis- Optimal Unbiased Estimators for Evaluating Agent Per- Argumentation, Leila Amgoud and Henri Prade tency In Weighted CSP, Simon de Givry, Thomas Schiex, formance, Martin Zinkevich, Michael Bowling, Nolan On the Complexity of Linking Deductive and Abstract and Gérard Verfaillie Bard, Morgan Kan, and Darse Billings Argument Systems, Michael Wooldridge, Paul E. Dunne, Weighted Constraint Satisfaction with Set Variables, J. Nectar: Real-Time Evolution of Neural Networks in the and Simon Parsons H. M. Lee and C. F. K. Siu NERO Video Game, Kenneth O. Stanley, Bobby D. Bryant, Model-Checking Memory Requirements of Resource- An Efficient Way of Breaking Value Symmetries, Jean- Igor Karpov, and Risto Miikkulainen Bounded Reasoners, Alexandre Albore, Natasha Alechina, François Puget Sample-Efficient Evolutionary Function Approximation Piergiorgio Bertoli, Chiara Ghidini, Brian Logan, and Lu- for Reinforcement Learning, Shimon Whiteson and Peter ciano Serafini
11:30 – 12:30 11:30 Stone
Machine Learning: Transfer Learning Game Theory I Markov Decision Processes Chair: Rich Maclin Chair: Amy Greenwald Chair: Judy Goldsmith Cross-Domain Knowledge Transfer Using Structured Senior: Methods for Empirical Game-Theoretic Analysis, Compact, Convex Upper Bound Iteration for Approxi- PM Representations, Samarth Swarup and Sylvian R. Ray Michael P. Wellman mate POMDP Planning, Tao Wang, Pascal Poupart, Using Homomorphisms to Transfer Options across Con- Impersonation-Based Mechanisms, Moshe Babaioff, Ron Michael Bowling, and Dale Schuurmans tinuous Reinforcement Learning Domains, Vishal Soni Lavi, and Elan Pavlov Point-based Dynamic Programming for DEC-POMDPs, and Satinder Singh Strong Mediated Equilibrium, Dov Monderer and Moshe Daniel Szer and François Charpillet Value-Function-Based Transfer for Reinforcement Learn- Tennenholtz On the Difficulty of Achieving Equilibrium in Interac- ing Using Structure Mapping, Yaxin Liu and Peter Stone tive POMDPs, Prashant Doshi and Piotr J. Gmytrasiewicz 1:50 – 2:50
Machine Learning: SVM Learning & Kernels Game Theory II Constraint Satisfaction III Chair: Shaul Markovitch Chair: Kevin Leyton-Brown Chair: Toby Walsh A Simple and Effective Method for Incorporating Advice Nonexistence of Voting Rules That Are Usually Hard to Senior: Constraints: The Ties that Bind, Eugene C. PM into Kernel Methods, Richard Maclin, Jude Shavlik, Trevor Manipulate, Vincent Conitzer and Tuomas Sandholm Freuder Walker, and Lisa Torrey Robust Mechanisms for Information Elicitation, Aviv Zo- Local-Search techniques for Boolean Combinations of Robust Support Vector Machine Training via Convex har and Jeffrey S. Rosenschein Pseudo-Boolean Constraints, Lengning Liu and Miroslaw Outlier Ablation, Linli Xu, Koby Crammer, and Dale The Complexity of Bribery in Elections, Piotr Faliszews- Truszczynski Schuurmans ki, Edith Hemaspaandra, and Lane A. Hemaspaandra A Quadratic Propagator for the Inter-Distance Con- kFOIL: Learning Simple Relational Kernels, Niels straint, Claude-Guy Quimper, Alejandro López-Ortiz, and Landwehr, Andrea Passerini, Luc De Raedt, and Paolo Gilles Pesant
3:00 – 4:00 Frasconi
Machine Learning: Unsupervised & Semi- Game Theory III Constraint Satisfaction IV Supervised Learning Chair: Makoto Yokoo Chair: Jimmy H. M. Lee Chair: Chris Drummond A Computational Model of Logic-Based Negotiation, Improved Bounds for Computing Kemeny Rankings, PM Clustering by Exceptions, Fabrizio Angiulli Dongmo Zhang and Yan Zhang Vincent Conitzer, Andrew Davenport, and Jayant Learning Systems of Concepts with an Infinite Relation- Regret-based Incremental Partial Revelation Mecha- Kalagnanam al Model, Charles Kemp, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Thomas nisms, Nathanaël Hyafil and Craig Boutilier The Impact of Balancing on Problem Hardness in a L. Griffiths, Takeshi Yamada, and Naonori Ueda Nectar: Handling Self-Interest in Groups, with Minimal Highly Structured Domain, Carlos Ansótegui, Ramón Bé- Semi-supervised Multi-label Learning by Constrained Cost, Ruggiero Cavallo jar, César Fernàndez, Carla Gomes, and Carles Mateu Non-negative Matrix Factorization, Yi Liu, Rong Jin, and A BDD-Based Polytime Algorithm for Cost-Bounded In- Liu Yang teractive Configuration, Tarik Hadzic and Henrik Reif
4:20 – 5:20 Andersen
AAAI-06 Technical Posters & Intelligent Systems Demonstrations
5:30–9:30 PM Plaza Ballroom, Plaza Level, Seaport (Posters listed on page 14) Evening
10 CONFERENCE SCHEDULE—WEDNESDAY, JULY 19 Seaport A Cityview I (WTC) Harborview II (IAAI)
Coffee breaks will be held at 10:00-10:20 AM and 4:00 – 4:20 PM. The lunch break will be held from 12:30 – 1:50 PM.
Search: Games I AI & the Web: Information Retrieval IAAI-06 Invited Talk Chair: Vincent Conitzer Chair: Jon Herlocker Electrifying Knowledge Work: 362 Innovative Appli- Overconfidence or Paranoia? Search in Imperfect-Informa- Minimally Invasive Randomization fro Collecting Unbi- cations of Artificial Intelligence 1989-2006, Neil Jacob- tion Games, Austin Parker, Dana Nau, and VS Subrahmani- ased Preferences from Clickthrough Logs, Filip Radlinski stein, introduced by Bill Cheetham an and Thorsten Joachims Properties of Forward Pruning in Game-Tree Search, Yew Predicting Task-Specific Webpages for Revisiting, Arwen Jin Lim and Wee Sun Lee Twinkle Lettkeman, Simone Stumpf, Jed Irvine, and Jonathan RankCut — A Domain Independent Forward Pruning Herlocker Method for Games, Yew Jin Lim and Wee Sun Lee Improve Web Search Using Image Snippets, Xiao-Bing Xue, Zhi-Hua Zhou, and Zhongfei (Mark) Zhang
Search: Games II AI & the Web: Information Interaction IAAI-06: Biomedical Applications 2 Chair: Makoto Yokoo Chair: Tony Cohn Chair: Howard Shrobe
Prob-Maxn: Playing N-Player Games with Opponent Mod- Using Semantics to Identify Web Objects, Nathanael Emerging Application: CM-Extractor: An Application for els, Nathan Sturtevant, Martin Zinkevich, and Michael Bowl- Chambers, James Allen, Lucian Galescu, Hyuckchul Jung, Automating Medical Quality Measures Abstraction in a ing and William Taysom Hospital Setting, Mark L. Morsch, Joel L. Vengco, Ronald E. On Strictly Competitive Multi-Player Games, Felix Brandt, Automatically Labeling the Inputs and Outputs of Web Sheffer, Jr., and Daniel T. Heinze Felix Fischer, and Yoav Shoham Services, Kristina Lerman, Anon Plangprasopchok, and Emerging Application: Monitoring Food Safety by Detecting A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for Action Graph Games, Craig A. Knoblock Patterns in Consumer Complaints, Artur Dubrawski, Kim- Albert Xin Jiang and Kevin Leyton-Brown Spinning Multiple Social Networks for Semantic Web, Yu- berly Elenberg, Andrew Moore, and Maheshkumar Sabhnani taka Matsuo, Masahiro Hamasaki, Yoshiyuki Nakamura, Takuichi Nishimura, Kôiti Hasida, Hideaki Takeda, Junichiro Mori, Danushka Bollegala, and Mitsuru Ishizuka
Search: Games & Applications IIC: Agent Architectures IAAI-06: Constraint-Based Systems Chair: Vincent Conitzer Chair: Karen Myers Chair: Bruce Porter An Efficient Algorithm for Scatter Chart Labeling ,Sebas- A Unified Cognitive Architecture for Physical Agents, Pat Deployed Application: Constraint-Based Random Stimuli tian Theophil and Arno Schödl Langley and Dongkyu Choi Generation for Hardware Verification, Yehuda Naveh, Monte Carlo Go Has a Way to Go, Haruhiro Yoshimoto, TacTex-05: A Champion Supply Chain Management Michal Rimon, Itai Jaeger, Yoav Katz, Michael Vinov, Eitan Kazuki Yoshizoe, Tomoyuki Kaneko, Akihiro Kishimoto, and Agent, David Pardoe and Peter Stone Marcus, and Gil Shurek Kenjiro Taura QUICR-Learning for Multi-Agent Coordination, Adrian K. Emerging Application: AWDRAT: A Cognitive Middleware A Competitive Texas Hold’em Poker Player via Automated Agogino and Kagan Tumer System for Information Survivability, Howard Shrobe, Abstraction and Real-Time Equilibrium Computation, An- Robert Laddaga, Bob Balzer, Neil Goldman, Dave Wile, drew Gilpin and Tuomas Sandholm Marcelo Tallis, Tim Hollebeek, and Alexander Egyed
Search I IIC: Integrated Natural Language Processing IAAI-06: Knowledge-Based Systems 2 Chair: Vadim Bulitko Chair: Candy Sidner Chair: Karen Haigh Estimating Search Tree Size, Philip Kilby, John Slaney, Deeper Natural Language Processing for Evaluating Stu- Deployed Application: Machine Translation for Manufactur- Sylvie Thiébaux, and Toby Walsh dent Answers in Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Vasile Rus ing: A Case Study at Ford Motor Company, Nestor Rychty- Planning with First-Order Temporally Extended Goals us- and Art C. Graesser ckyj ing Heuristic Search, Jorge A. Baier and Sheila A. McIlraith Walk the Talk: Connecting Language, Knowledge, and Ac- Emerging Application: Ontology Based Semantic Modeling Dual Search in Permutation State Spaces, Uzi Zahavi, Ariel tion in Route Instructions, Matt MacMahon, Brian for Chinese Ancient Architectures, Yong Liu, Congfu Xu, Felner, Robert Holte, and Jonathan Schaeffer Stankiewicz, and Benjamin Kuipers Qiong Zhang, and Yunhe Pan Integrating Joint Intention Theory, Belief Reasoning, and Communicative Action for Generating Team-Oriented Dia- logue, Rajah Annamalai Subramanian, Sanjeev Kumar, and Philip Cohen
Search II IIC: Human-Robot Interaction IAAI-06: Robert S. Engelmore Memorial Chair: Yaxin Liu Chair: Candy Sidner Lecture DD* Lite: Efficient Incremental Search with State Domi- Perspective Taking: An Organizing Principle for Learning What Do We Know About Knowledge? Bruce G. nance, G. Ayorkor Mills-Tettey, Anthony Stentz, and M. in Human-Robot Interaction, Matt Berlin, Jesse Gray, An- Buchanan, introduced by David Leake Bernardine Dias drea L. Thomaz, and Cynthia Breazeal Domain-Independent Structured Duplicate Detection, Intuitive linguistic Joint Object Reference in Human- Rong Zhou and Eric A. Hansen Robot Interaction: Human Spatial Reference Systems and Nectar: A Breadth-First Approach to Memory-Efficient Function-Based Categorization for Symbol Grounding, Graph Search, Rong Zhou and Eric A. Hansen Reinhard Moratz Know Thine Enemy: A Champion RoboCup Coach Agent, Gregory Kuhlmann, William B. Knox, and Peter Stone
CONFERENCE SCHEDULE—WEDNESDAY, JULY 19 11 Seaport B&C Harborview I (WTC) Cityview II (WTC)
AAAI-06 Invited Talk Session Unifying Logical and Statistical AI
AM Pedro Domingos,Introduced by Tom Mitchell Amphitheater, World Trade Center
Cognitive Tutors and Opportunities for Convergence of Human and Machine Learning Theory Ken Koedinger, Introduced by Kenneth Forbus Cityview I, World Trade Center 9:00 – 10:00 9:00 – 10:00
Machine Learning: Statistical Relational Logic Programming Temporal Reasoning Learning Chair: Vladimir Lifschitz Chair: Yves Lesperance
AM Chair: Brian Milch Elementary Sets of Logic Programs, Martin Gebser, Optimal Scheduling of Contract Algorithms for Any- Sound and Efficient Inference with Probabilistic and Joohyung Lee, and Yuliya Lierler time Problems, Alejandro López-Ortiz, Spyros Angelopou- Deterministic Dependencies, Hoifung Poon and Pedro Answer Sets for Logic Programs with Arbitrary Abstract los, and Angèle M. Hamel Domingos Constraint Atoms, Tran Cao Son, Enrico Pontelli, and Tractable Classes of Metric Temporal Problems with Memory-Efficient Inference in Relational Domains, Phan Huy Tu Domain Rules, T. K. Satish Kumar Parag Singla and Pedro Domingos Bounded Treewidth as a Key to Tractability of Knowl- Learning Partially Observable Action Schemas, Dafna Identification and Evaluation of Weak Community edge Representation and Reasoning, Georg Gottlob, Rein- Shahaf and Eyal Amir Structures in Networks, Jianhua Ruan and Weixiong hard Pichler, and Fang Wei Zhang 10:20 – 11:20 – 11:20 10:20
Machine Learning: Evolutionary UAI: Decision Theory Satisfiability I Computation Chair: Judy Goldsmith Chair: Miroslav Velev
PM Chair: Shimon Whiteson Efficient Active Fusion for Decision-Making via VOI Ap- On the Use of Partially Ordered Decision Graphs in A New Approach to Estimating the Expected First Hit- proximation, Wenhui Liao and Qiang Ji Knowledge Compilation and Quantified Boolean For- ting Time of Evolutionary Algorithms, Yang Yu and Zhi- CUI Networks: A Graphical Representation for Condi- mulae, Hélène Fargier and Pierre Marquis Hua Zhou tional Utility Independence, Yagil Engel and Michael P. Model Counting: A New Strategy for Obtaining Good Conflict Resolution and a Framework for Collaborative Wellman Bounds, Carla P. Gomes, Ashish Sabharwal, and Bart Sel- Interactive Evolution, Sean R. Szumlanski, Annie S. Wu, Nectar: Preference Elicitation and Generalized Additive man and Charles E. Hughes Utility, Darius Braziunas and Craig Boutilier Nectar: Acquiring Constraint Networks Using a SAT- A Direct Evolutionary Feature Extraction Algorithm for based Version Space Algorithm, Christian Bessiere, Remi Classifying High Dimensional Data, Qijun Zhao, David Coletta, Frédéric Koriche, and Barry O’Sullivan
11:30 – 12:30 11:30 Zhang, and Hongtao Lu
Machine Learning: Ensemble Learning UAI: Probabilistic Inference Satisfiability II Chair: Dragos D. Margineantu Chair: Richard Korf Chair: Ashish Sabharwal On Combining Multiple Classifiers Using an Evidential MPE and Partial Inversion in Lifted Probabilistic Vari- New Inference Rules for Efficient Max-SAT Solving, PM Approach, Yaxin Bi, Sally McClean, and Terry Anderson able Elimination, Rodrigo de Salvo Braz, Eyal Amir, and Federico Heras and Javier Larrosa Boosting Expert Ensembles for Rapid Concept Recall, Dan Roth Efficient Haplotype Inference with Boolean Satisfiabili- Achim Rettinger, Martin Zinkevich, and Michael Bowling Solving MAP Exactly by Searching on Compiled Arith- ty, Inês Lynce and João Marques-Silva Gradient Boosting for Sequence Alignment, Charles metic Circuits, Jinbo Huang, Mark Chavira, and Adnan Fast SAT-based Answer Set Solver, Zhijun Lin, Yuanlin Parker, Alan Fern, and Prasad Tadepalli Darwiche Zhang, and Hector Hernandez An Edge Deletion Semantics for Belief Propagation and its Practical Impact on Approximation Quality, Arthur
1:50 – 2:50 Choi and Adnan Darwiche
AI & the Turing Test UAI: Bayesian Networks Satisfiability III Chair: Stuart Shapiro Chair: Miroslav Velev Chair: Jussi Rintanen Senior: Turing’s Dream and the Knowledge Challenge, Identifiability in Causal Bayesian Networks: A Sound Abstract Branching for Quantified Formulas, Marco PM Lenhart Schubert and Complete Algorithm, Yimin Huang and Marco Val- Benedetti Senior: Does the Turing Test Demonstrate Intelligence torta Solving QBF by Combining Conjunctive and Disjunc- or Not? Stuart M. Shieber Identification of Joint Interventional Distributions in tive Normal Forms, Lintao Zhang Recursive Semi-Markovian Causal Models, Ilya Shpitser DNNF-based Belief State Estimation, Paul Elliott and and Judea Pearl Brian Williams A Bayesian Network for Outbreak Detection and Predic- tion, Xia Jiang and Garrick L. Wallstrom 3:00 – 4:00
12 CONFERENCE SCHEDULE—THURSDAY, JULY 20 Seaport A Cityview I (WTC) Harborview II (IAAI)
A Coffee break will be held at 10:00-10:20 AM. The lunch break will be held from 12:30 – 1:50 PM.
Robotics I General Game Playing / Hall of Champions IAAI-06: Knowledge-Based Agents Chair: Bernadine Dias Chair: Mark T. Maybury Chair: Neil Jacobstein Senior: Integrated AI in Space: The Autonomous Science- Automatic Heuristic Construction in a Complete General Emerging Application: Multiagent Coalition Formation for craft on Earth Observing One, Steve Chien Game Player, Gregory Kuhlmann and Peter Stone Computer-Supported Cooperative Learning, Leen-Kiat Soh, Exploiting Spatial and Temporal Flexibility for Plan Execu- Winning the DARPA Grand Challenge with an AI Robot, Nobel Khandaker, and Hong Jiang tion for Hybrid, Under-actuated Robots, Andreas G. Hof- Michael Montemerlo, Sebastian Thrun, Hendrik Dahlkamp, Emerging Application: Design and Implementation of the mann and Brian C. Williams David Stavens, and Sven Strohband CALO Query Manager, Jose-Luis Ambite, Vinay K. A Manifold Regularization Approach to Calibration Reduc- Running the Table: An AI for Computer Billiards, Michael Chaudhri, Richard Fikes, Jessica Jenkins, Sunil Mishra, Maria tion for Sensor-Network Based Tracking, Jeffrey Junfeng Smith Muslea, Tomas Uribe, and Guizhen Yang Pan, Qiang Yang, Hong Chang, and Dit-Yan Yeung
Robotics II Human-Computer Interaction & Cognitive IAAI-06: Constraint-Based Reasoning Modeling: Intelligent Tutoring Systems Chair: Bernadine Dias Deployed Application: Expressive Commerce and Its Appli- Chair: Mark T. Maybury Bayesian Calibration for Monte Carlo Localization, Armita cation to Sourcing, Tuomas Sandholm Kaboli, Michael Bowling, and Petr Musilek Classifying Learner Engagement through Integration of Nectar: Subjective Mapping, Michael Bowling, Dana Wilkin- Multiple Data Sources, Carole R. Beal, Lei Qu, and son, and Ali Ghodsi Hyokyeong Lee Efficient Triangulation-Based Pathfinding, Douglas Demyen A Dynamic Mixture Model to Detect Student Motivation and Michael Buro and Proficiency, Jeff Johns and Beverly Woolf Probabilistic Goal Recognition in Interactive Narrative En- vironments, Bradford Mott, Sunyoung Lee, and James Lester
Robotics III Human-Computer Interaction & Cognitive IAAI-06: Personalization Technologies Chair: Sven Koenig Modeling: Cognitive Modeling Chair: Bruce Porter Chair: Mark T. Maybury Senior: From the Programmer’s Apprentice to Human- Emerging Application: CPM: Context-Aware Power Manage- Robot Interaction: Thirty Years of Research on Human- Modeling Human Decision Making in Cliff-Edge Environ- ment in WLANs, Fahd Albinali and Chris Gniady Computer Collaboration, Charles Rich and Candace L. Sid- ments, Ron Katz and Sarit Kraus Emerging Application: Trip Router with Individualized Pref- ner From Pigeons to Humans: Grounding Relational Learning erences (TRIP): Incorporating Personalization into Route Reinforcement Learning with Human Teachers: Evidence in Concrete Examples, Marc T. Tomlinson and Bradley C. Planning, Julia Letchner, John Krumm, and Eric Horvitz of Feedback and Guidance with Implications for Learning Love Performance, Andrea L. Thomaz and Cynthia Breazeal Nectar: AI Support for Building Cognitive Models, Robert Diagnosis of Multi-Robot Coordination Failures Using Dis- St. Amant, Sean P. McBride, and Frank E. Ritter tributed CSP Algorithms, Meir Kalech, Gal A. Kaminka, Amnon Meisels, and Yehuda Elmaliach
Computer Vision Competitions at AAAI-06 IAAI-06: Knowledge-Based Systems 3 Chair: Yaxin Liu Object Boundary Detection in Images using a Semantic Chair: Karen Haigh Ontology, Anthony Hoogs and Roderic Collins General Game Playing Competition, Michael Genesereth Deployed Application: TPBOSCourier: A Transportation Motion-Based Autonomous Grounding: Inferring External Mobile Robot Competition, Paul Rybski and Jeffrey Forbes Procurement System (for the Procurement of Courier Ser- World Properties from Encoded Internal Sensory States Poker Competition, Martin Zinkevich, University of Alberta vices), Andrew Lim, Zhou Xu, Brenda Cheang, Ho Wee Kit, Alone, Yoonsuck Choe and Noah H. Smith and Steve Au-yeung Nectar: The Role of Context in Head Gesture Recognition, Emerging Application: Hand Grip Pattern Recognition for Louis-Philippe Morency, Candace Sidner, Christopher Lee, Mobile User Interfaces, Kee-Eung Kim, Wook Chang, Sung- and Trevor Darrell Jung Cho, Junghyun Shim, Hyunjeong Lee, Joonah Park, Youngbeom Lee, and Sangryoung Kim
A limited number of Proceedings (in both book and CD form) are available for purchase in Registration.
CONFERENCE SCHEDULE—THURSDAY, JULY 20 13 AAAI-06 Poster Session
The poster session will be held Wednesday, July 19, in the Plaza Ballroom, Seaport Hotel, from 5:30–9:30 PM.
AAAI-06 Technical Papers Distributed Interactive Learning in Multi-Agent Memory Intensive Branch-and-Bound Search for Systems, Jian Huang and Adrian R. Pearce Graphical Models, Radu Marinescu and Rina Constraint Satisfaction and Satisfiability A Compact Representation Scheme for Coalitional Dechter Extending Dynamic Backtracking to Solve Weight- Games in Open Anonymous Environments, Bayesian Reputation Modeling in E-Marketplaces ed Conditional CSPs, Robert T. Effinger and Bri- Naoki Ohta, Atsushi Iwasaki, Makoto Yokoo, Koh- Sensitive to Subjectivity, Deception and an C. Williams ki Maruono, Vincent Conitzer, and Tuomas Sand- Change, Kevin Regan, Pascal Poupart, and Robin Detecting Disjoint Inconsistent Subformulas for holm Cohen Computing Lower Bounds for Max-SAT, Chu- ODPOP: An Algorithm for Open/Distributed Con- Targeting Specific Distributions of Trajectories in Min Li, Felip Manyà, and Jordi Planes straint Optimization, Adrian Petcu and Boi Falt- MDPs, David L. Roberts, Mark J. Nelson, Charles An Asymptotically Optimal Algorithm for the Max ings L. Isbell, Jr., Michael Mateas, and Michael L. k-Armed Bandit Problem, Matthew J. Streeter Behaviosites: Manipulation of Multiagent System Littman and Stephen F. Smith Behavior through Parasitic Infection, Amit Focused Real-Time Dynamic Programming for Human Computer Interaction and Cognitive Shabtay, Zinovi Rabinovich, and Jeffrey S. Rosen- MDPs: Squeezing More Out of a Heuristic, Trey Modeling schein Smith and Reid Simmons Evaluating Critiquing-based Recommender Agents, Simultaneous Team Assignment and Behavior A Characterization of Interventional Distributions Li Chen and Pearl Pu Recognition from Spatio-Temporal Agent in Semi-Markovian Causal Models, Jin Tian, Salience in Orientation-Filter Response Measured Traces, Gita Sukthankar and Katia Sycara Changsung Kang, and Judea Pearl as Suspicious Coincidence in Natural Images, Contract Enactment in Virtual Organizations: A Special Track on Artificial Intelligence and Subramonia Sarma and Yoonsuck Choe Commitment-Based Approach, Yathiraj B. Udupi the Web and Munindar P. Singh A Platform to Evaluate the Technology for Service Knowledge Representation and Logic Mechanisms for Partial Information Elicitation: Goal Specification, Non-Determinism and Quanti- Discovery in the Semantic Web, Cecile Aberg, Jo- The Truth, but Not the Whole Truth, Aviv Zohar han Aberg, Patrick Lambrix, and Nahid Shah- fying over Policies, Chitta Baral and Jicheng and Jeffrey S. Rosenschein Zhao mehri Belief Change in the Context of Fallible Actions Natural Language Processing Comparative Experiments on Sentiment Classifica- and Observations, Aaron Hunter and James P. Script and Language Identification in Degraded tion for Online Product Reviews, Hang Cui, Vib- Delgrande and Distorted Document Images, Shijian Lu and hu Mittal, and Mayur Datar Characterizing Data Complexity for Conjunctive Chew Lim Tan On the Update of Description Logic Ontologies at the Instance Level, Giuseppe De Giacomo, Maur- Query Answering in Expressive Description Reasoning about Plans and Actions izio Lenzerini, Antonella Poggi, and Riccardo Logics, Magdalena Ortiz, Diego Calvanese, and Adaptive Sampling Based Large-Scale Stochastic Thomas Eiter Rosati Resource Control, Balázs Csanád Csáji and Lás- Mining and Re-ranking for Answering Biographical Reconciling Situation Calculus and Fluent Calcu- zló Monostori lus, Stephan Schiffel and Michael Thielscher Queries on the Web, Donghui Feng, Deepak Cost-Optimal External Planning, Stefan Edelkamp Ravichandran, and Eduard Hovy Machine Learning and Shahid Jabbar Inconsistencies, Negations and Changes in Ontolo- On the Difficulty of Modular Reinforcement Reasoning about Discrete Event Sources, Shieu- gies, Giorgos Flouris, Zhisheng Huang, Jeff Z. Learning for Real-World Partial Programming, Hong Lin Pan, Dimitris Plexousakis, and Holger Wache Sooraj Bhat, Charles L. Isbell, Jr., and Michael Learning Partially Observable Action Models: Effi- Deciding Semantic Matching of Stateless Services, Mateas cient Algorithms, Dafna Shahaf, Allen Chang, Duncan Hull, Evgeny Zolin, Andrey Bovykin, Ian Identifying and Generating Easy Sets of Con- and Eyal Amir Horrocks, Ulrike Sattler, and Robert Stevens straints for Clustering, Ian Davidson and S. S. Robotics and Computer Vision Detecting Spam Blogs: A Machine Learning Ap- Ravi Probabilistic Self-Localization for Sensor Networks, proach, Pranam Kolari, Akshay Java, Tim Finin, Nonnegative Matrix Factorization and Probabilistic Dimitrii Marinakis and Gregory Dudek Tim Oates, and Anupam Joshi Latent Semantic Indexing: Equivalence Chi- Novel Relationship Discovery Using Opinions Square Statistic, and a Hybrid Method, Chris Search and Game Playing Mined from the Web, Lun-Wei Ku, Hsiu-Wei Ho, Ding, Tao Li, and Wei Peng Sequential and Parallel Algorithms for Frontier A* and Hsin-Hsi Chen Incremental Least-Squares Temporal Difference with Delayed Duplicate Detection, Robert An Investigation into the Feasibility of the Seman- Learning, Alborz Geramifard, Michael Bowling, Niewiadomski, José Nelson Amaral, and Robert C. tic Web, Zhengxiang Pan, Abir Qasem, and Jeff and Richard S. Sutton Holte Heflin Improving Approximate Value Iteration Using Disco — Novo — GoGo: Integrating Local Search Inferring User’s Preferences using Ontologies, Vin- Memories and Predictive State Representations, and Complete Search with Restarts, Meinolf Sell- cent Schickel-Zuber and Boi Faltings mann and Carlos Ansótegui Michael R. James, Ton Wessling, and Nikos Vlassis New Scientific and Technical Advances in Re- Quantifying the Impact of Learning Algorithm Pa- Uncertainty in AI search Papers (NECTAR) rameter Tuning, Niklas Lavesson and Paul An Iterative Algorithm for Solving Constrained De- Building Semantic Mappings from Databases to Davidsson centralized Markov Decision Processes, Aurélie Ontologies, Yuan An, John Mylopoulos, and Alex Multi-Conditional Learning: Generative/Discrimi- Beynier and Abdel-Illah Mouaddib Borgida native Training for Clustering and Classifica- An Anytime Scheme for Bounding Posterior Be- Maintaining Cooperation in Noisy Environments, tion, Andrew McCallum, Chris Pal, Greg Druck, liefs, Bozhena Bidyuk and Rina Dechter Tsz-Chiu Au and Dana Nau and Xuerui Wang Preferences over Sets, R. I. Brafman, C. Domshlak, B-ROC Curves for the Assessment of Classifiers Learning Blocking Schemes for Record Linkage, S. E. Shimony, and Y. Silver over Imbalanced Data Sets, Alvaro A. Cárdenas Matthew Michelson and Craig A. Knoblock When Gossip is Good: Distributed Probabilistic In- and John S. Baras Thresholding for Making Classifiers Cost-sensitive, ference for Detection of Slow Network Intru- Constraint Symmetry and Solution Symmetry, Victor S. Sheng and Charles X. Ling sions, Denver Dash, Branislav Kveton, John Mark David Cohen, Peter Jeavons, Christopher Jefferson, Cost-Sensitive Test Strategies, Charles X. Ling and Agosta, Eve Schooler, Jaideep Chandrashekar, Karen E. Petrie, and Barbara M. Smith Shengli Sheng Abraham Bachrach, and Alex Newman Traffic Intersections of the Future, Kurt Dresner A Fast Decision Tree Learning Algorithm, Jiang Su Learning Basis Functions in Hybrid Domains, and Peter Stone and Harry Zhang Branislav Kveton and Milos Hauskrecht Towards a Validated Model of “Emotional Intelli- Hard Constrained Semi-Markov Decision Process- Incremental Least Squares Policy Iteration for gence,” Jonathan Gratch, Stacy Marsella, and es, Wai-Leong Yeow, Chen-Khong Tham, and POMDPs, Hui Li, Xuejun Liao, and Lawrence Wenji Mao Wai-Choong Wong Carin The Power of Sequential Single-Item Auctions for On Multi-Class Cost-Sensitive Learning, Zhi-Hua Performing Incremental Bayesian Inference by Agent Coordination, Sven Koenig, Craig Tovey, Zhou and Xu-Ying Liu Dynamic Model Counting, Wei Li, Peter van Michail Lagoudakis, Vangellis Markakis, David Multiagent Systems Beek, and Pascal Poupart Kempe, Pinar Keskinocak, Anton Kleywegt, Adam Keeping in Touch: Maintaining Biconnected Struc- Functional Value Iteration for Decision-Theoretic Meyerson, and Sonal Jain ture by Homogeneous Robots, Mazda Ahmadi Planning with General Utility Functions, Yaxin Controlled Search over Compact State Representa- and Peter Stone Liu and Sven Koenig tions, in Nondeterministic Planning Domains Quantifying Incentive Compatibility of Ranking Learning Representation and Control in Continu- and Beyond, Ugur Kuter and Dana Nau Systems, Alon Altman and Moshe Tennenholtz ous Markov Decision Processes, Sridhar Ma- The Synthy Approach for End to End Web Services Computing Slater Rankings Using Similarities hadevan, Mauro Maggioni, Kimberly Ferguson, Composition: Planning with Decoupled Causal among Candidates, Vincent Conitzer and Sarah Osentoski and Resource Reasoning, Biplav Srivastava
14 POSTER SESSION Explanation-Based Learning for Image Under- Multiclass Support Vector Machines for Articulato- Inter-Task Action Correlation for Reinforcement standing, Qiang Sun, Li-Lun Wang, and Gerald ry Feature Classification, Brian Hutchinson and Learning Tasks, Matthew F. Taylor and Peter DeJong Jianna Zhang Stone Automatic Wrapper Generation Using Tree Match- Further Investigations into Regular XORSAT, Matti ing and Partial Tree Alignment, Yanhong Zhai Järvisalo Doctoral Consortium Abstracts and Bing Liu SemNews: A Semantic News Framework, Akshay A Value Theory of Meta-Learning Algorithms, Responsive Information Architect: Enabling Con- Java, Tim Finin, and Sergei Nirenburg Abraham Bagherjeiran text-Sensitive Information Seeking, Michelle X. KDMAS: A Multi-Agent System for Knowledge Dis- A Computational Model of Narrative Generation Zhou, Keith Houck, Shimei Pan, James Shaw, covery via Planning, Li Jin and Keith Decker for Suspense, Yun-Gyung Cheong Vikram Aggarwal, and Zhen Wen Kernel Methods for Word Sense Disambiguation Multi-Resolution Learning for Knowledge Transfer, and Acronym Expansion, Mahesh Joshi, Ted Ped- Eric Eaton AAAI Member Abstracts ersen, Richard Maclin, and Serguei Pakhomov Learning Models of Macrobehavior in Complex Semantic Tagging at the Sense Level, Alina An- Memeta: A Framework for Multi-Relational Analyt- Adaptive Systems, Andrew Fast dreevskaia and Sabine Bergler ics on the Blogosphere, Pranam Kolari and Tim Techniques for Generating Optimal, Robust Plans Slashpack: An Integrated Tool for Gathering and Finin when Temporal Uncertainty is Present, Janae Managing Hypertext Data, Christopher H. Automatic Heuristic Construction for General N. Foss Brooks, Monica Agarwal, Jason Endo, Ryan King, Game Playing, Gregory Kuhlmann and Peter Stone Automatic Summarization of Conversational Multi- Nancy Montanez, and Rudd Stevens How Many Different “John Smiths’’, and Who Are Party Speech, Michel Galley Lookahead Pathology in Real-Time Path-Finding, They? Anagha Kulkarni and Ted Pedersen Privatizing Constraint Optimization, Rachel Green- Vadim Bulitko and Mitja Lustrek Population and Agent Based Models for Language stadt Explicit Passive Analysis in Electronic Catalogs, Convergence, Kiran Lakkaraju and Les Gasser Darshak - An Intelligent Cinematic Camera Plan- David Portabella Clotet and Martin Rajman Boot Camp for Cognitive Systems, Douglas S. Lange ning System, Arnav Jhala A Negotiation Protocol for Agents with Nonlinear Algorithms for Control and Interaction of Large Cross System Personalization by Learning Mani- Utility Functions, Takayuki Ito, Mark Klein, and Formations of Robots, Ross Mead and Jerry B. fold Alignments, Bhaskar Mehta Hiromitsu Hattori Weinberg A Generalized Query Framework for Geospatial A Decision-Theoretic Planner with Dynamic Com- Learning of Agents with Limited Resources, Sla- Reasoning, Martin Michalowski pound Reconfiguration for Distributed Real- womir Nowaczyk Robust Autonomous Structure-based Color Learn- Time Applications, John S. Kinnebrew, Nishanth Unsupervised Order-Preserving Regression Kernel ing on a Mobile Robot, Mohan Sridharan Shankaran, Gautam Biswas, and Douglas Schmidt for Sequence Analysis, Young-In Shin Closest Pairs Data Selection for Support Vector Ma- Using an Ontology for Knowledge Acquisition, Sta- Curiosity-Driven Exploration with Planning Trajec- chines, Chaofan Sun cy Lovell and Webb Stacy tories, Tyler Streeter Action Selection in Bayesian Reinforcement PB-smodels a Pseudo-Boolean Solver, Gayathri Na- Expectation-Based Vision for Self-Localization on a Learning, Tao Wang masivayam Legged Robot, Daniel Stronger and Peter Stone Bayesian Network Based Reparameterization of Haar-like Feature, Hirotaka Niitsuma Locally Optimal Algorithms and Solutions for Dis- tributed Constraint Optimization, Jonathan P. Pearce Wavelet Statistics for Human Motion Classification, Kevin Quennesson, Elias Ioup, and Charles Isbell Evaluation of Solving Models for Conditional Con- straint Satisfaction Problems, Mihaela Sabin and Esther Gelle Machine Life-Long Learning with csMTL Net- works, Daniel L. Silver and Ryan Poirier How to Put the Pieces of AI Together Again, Aaron SHOW AS OF 6/8/06/06 Sloman SCALE IN FEET Decision Making in Uncertain Real-World Domains 0 Using DT-Golog, Mikhail Soutchanski, Huy 10 20 Pham, and John Mylopoulos Integrating Clustering and Classification for Esti- mating Process Variables in Materials Science, Aparna S. Varde, Elke A. Rundensteiner, Carolina Ruiz, David C. Brown, Mohammed Maniruzza- man, and Richard D. Sisson Jr. PLAZA BALLROOM When is Constrained Clustering Beneficial, and AAAI Why? Kiri Wagstaff, Sugato Basu, and Ian David- Member Track son Interpretation of Design Drawings by Analogy, 8' 8' 8' 8' 8' 8' 10' 8' 8' 10' 8' 8' 8' 7' Patrick W. Yaner and Ashok K. Goel Technical Posters Doctoral Consortium Student Abstracts & Student Abstracts Biconnected Structure for Multi-Robot Systems, Mazda Ahmadi and Peter Stone Nectar Track A Benchmark for Cooperative Learning Agents, Ja- son M. Black and Dean F. Hougen Performance Evaluation Methods for the Trading Agent Competition, Brett Borghetti and Eric C BA Sodomka Can We Work around Numerical Methods? An In- sight, Sandeep Chandana and Rene V. Mayorga Local Consistency in Junction Graphs for Con- straint-Based Inference, Le Chang and Alan K. PLAZA BALLROOM PRE-FUNCTION AREA Mackworth Intelligent 13 12 11 10 9 8 RL-CD: Dealing with Non-Stationarity in Reinforce- Systems ment Learning, Bruno C. da Silva, Eduardo W. Demonstrations Basso, Ana L. C. Bazzan, and Paulo M. Engel 1 2 345 6 7 Making Autonomous Intersection Management Backwards-Compatible, Kurt Dresner and Peter Stone Exploring GnuGo’s Evaluation Function with a SVM, Christopher Fellows, Yuri Malitsky, and Gregory Wojtaszczyk Floorplan, Seaport Hotel, Plaza Level Robot Self-Recognition Using Conditional Probabili- ty-Based Contingency, Kevin M. Godby and Jesse A. Lane
POSTER SESSION 15 Exhibit Program The exhibits are located in the Upper Lev- Google Inc. Microsoft el Atrium of the World Trade Center. Ex- 1600 Ampitheater Parkway One Microsoft Way hibits will take place Tuesday through Mountain View, CA Redmond, WA 98052 Thursday, July 18–20 . www.google.com www.microsoft.com Google is a global technology leader focused Exhibit Hours The MIT Press on improving the way people connect with Tuesday, July 18, 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM 55 Hayward Street Wednesday, July 19, 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM information. Google’s innovations in web Cambridge, MA 02142 Thursday, July 20, 9:00 AM – 12:00 PM search and advertising have made its web- 617-258-5764 site a top Internet destination and its brand mitpress.mit.edu one of the most recognized in the world. John Costello, Exhibits Manager Exhibitors Google maintains the world’s largest online The MIT Press publishes books and journals AAAI Press index of websites and other content, and in artificial intelligence, robotics, adaptive 445 Burgess Drive Google makes this information freely avail- computation and machine learning, com- Menlo Park, CA 94025-3442 able to anyone with an Internet connection. plex adaptive systems and intelligent sys- Tel: 650-328-3123 Google’s automated search technology helps tems. Please visit our table to browse our Fax: 650-321-4457 people obtain nearly instant access to rele- new and classic publications and receive a E-mail: [email protected] vant information from its vast online index. 20% discount on items purchased. www.aaai.org/Press/press.php ITA Software, Inc. MobileRobots Inc BAE Systems 141 Portland Street, Suite 700 19 Columbia Drive 6 New England Executive Park Cambridge, MA 01239 Amherst, NH 03031 Burlington, MA 01803 www.itasoftware.com/careers 603-881-7960 781-273-3388 ITA Software, proud sponsor of AAAI-06, is Toll Free (US): 800-639-9481 www.ait.na.baesystems.com www.MobileRobots.com. aggressively hiring programmers for posi- Cambridge University Press tions in our Cambridge, MA office. ITA Soft- MobileRobots Inc (formerly ActivMedia Cambridge University Press ware, founded in 1996 by MIT computer sci- Robotics) invites AAAI attendees to see our 40 West 20th Street ence graduates, is now a 200+ person com- latest new hardware and software: Seekur, New York, NY 10011-4211 pany providing search, optimization, transac- the all-weather, omni-directional robot, and www.cambridge.org/us/ tion and distribution services to airlines and Multi-Robot MobileEyes, our exciting new Visit the Cambridge University Press display travel distributors. We’re the search engine interface for both autonomous and tele-op for a 20% discount on all books and journals behind Orbitz.com, Kayak.com, and a variety multi-robot control of both real and simulat- on artificial intelligence, machine learning, of other travel agencies, as well as many ma- ed robots. MobileRobots Inc is a global lead- reasoning, robotics, computer vision, and jor airlines’ web sites and reservation cen- er in the design and manufacture of mobile much more. New titles include Extending Me- ters. We calculate hundreds of billions of robot bases, controls, and software. Estab- chanics to Minds, by Jon Doyle; Rippling: travel routes and price more than 600 trillion lished in 1995, MobileRobots Inc has sold Meta-Level Guidance for Mathematical Reason- trips a day. Not to mention that we have the thousands of robots worldwide. Our cus- ing, by Alan Bundy, David Basin, Dieter Hut- only high-performance distributed system tomers include Amgen, Carnegie Mellon, ter, and Andrew Ireland; and Prediction, for calculating seat availability, design revo- Foster-Miller, Fujitsu, Honda, H-P, John Learning, and Games by Nicolo Cesa-Bianchi lutionary user interfaces, research radical Deere, Intel, Microsoft, MIT, Pfizer, SAIC, and Gabor Lugosi. Cambridge is the oldest new ideas in revenue management and se- Siemens, the US Army, and the US Navy. printing and publishing house in the world, mantic web mining, and, more generally, use Springer and is dedicated to the advancement and dis- the tools of science and engineering to make 233 Spring Street semination of knowledge. life better for anybody who flies. New York, NY 10013 Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann K-Team/RoadNarrows Yahoo! Research 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400 1151 Eagle Dr. #140 2821 Mission College Blvd Burlington, MA 01803 Loveland, CO 80537 Santa Clara, CA 95054 781-221-2212 (970) 593-0370 Lin Koh www.mkp.com www.k-team.com 408-349-1859 Morgan Kaufmann, an imprint of Elsevier, www.roadnarrowsrobotics.com [email protected] works with leading experts in industry and K-Team is happy to donate a Korebot Lite for The mission of Yahoo! Research is to devel- academia to publish books for researchers, the first place team of the AAAI Scavenger op the world-class science that will deliver professionals and students in artificial intelli- Hunt Competition! With more than 10 years the next generation of Internet-oriented gence, human-computer interaction, and oth- of expertise in mobile robotics, K-Team is businesses to Yahoo! and unprecedented val- er key areas in computer science and engi- one of the oldest companies in the industry. ue to our hundreds of millions of customers. neering. Our AI authors include Ronald The small, precise, Khepera robot has be- Our scientists focus on high-quality search, Brachman, Erik Mueller, and Dana Nau come a world standard for researchers using machine learning, economic models, media among many others. Elsevier is also pleased mobile robotics. The recent introduction of experience and design, and large-scale com- to present its journals in artificial intelligence. the Hemisson line has helped bring the puting. We support an open culture of col- Free sample copies will be available on our study of autonomous robotics and AI to high- laboration with peers from academic and re- stand, including Artificial Intelligence, Fuzzy schools and undergraduate classrooms. The search institutions, while driving a cutting- Sets and Systems, and Web Semantics. Informa- new small Korebot SBC LineCard is the per- edge research agenda with significant im- tion and gifts from Scopus, our new abstract fect solution for automation and custom pact on the company. Yahoo! Research ben- and citation database, will also be available. robotics. K-Team Corporation, Switzerland, efits from a unique marriage of deep, serious develops and manufactures mobile robots scientific exploration and Yahoo!’s irrever- for advanced education and research. Road- ent, fun, people-oriented culture. Narrows is K-Team’s U.S. distributor.
16 EXHIBIT PROGRAM Intelligent Systems Demonstrations General Game Playing Competition The General Game Playing Competition will take place Monday through Wednesday, The Intelligent Systems Demonstrations July 17-19, in the Harborside room, Upper Level, World Trade Center. program will take place in the Plaza Ball- General game players are systems able to accept declarative descriptions of arbitrary room Foyer of the Seaport Hotel on games at “runtime” and able to use such descriptions to play those games effectively Wednesday, July 19, from 5:30 – 9:30 PM. without human intervention. Unlike specialized game players, such as Deep Blue, gen- Continuing advances in AI research eral game players cannot rely on algorithms designed in advance for specific games. have made it possible to develop intelli- General game playing performance requires intelligence on the part of the game play- gent systems in a wide range of applica- er and not just intelligence on the part of the programmer of the game player. In order tion areas. The AAAI-06 Intelligent Sys- to perform well, general game players must incorporate various Artificial Intelligence tems Demonstrations program showcases technologies, such as knowledge representation, reasoning, learning, and rational deci- state-of-the-art AI implementations and sion making; and these capabilities have to work together in integrated fashion. While provides AI researchers with an opportu- general game playing is a topic with inherent interest, work in this area has practical nity to show applications of their research value as well. The underlying technology can be used in a variety of other application in action. The program is intended to high- areas, such as business process management, electronic commerce, and military oper- light innovative contributions to the sci- ations. ence of AI with an emphasis on the bene- fits to be gained from developing and us- The Competition ing implemented systems in AI research. The AAAI competition is designed to test the abilities of general game playing sys- This year’s demonstrations cover an tems by comparing their performance on a variety of previously unseen games. The impressive range of domains: web ser- 2006 competition consists of four rounds of matches held during May-July 2006, with vices, game playing, information extrac- the last round and a championship match held in Boston at AAAI. Over the four tion, trading, semantic web, music gener- rounds, each general game player will play approximately 80 matches, and the com- ation, intelligent tutors, and more. System bined scores from these matches will determine the finalists in the championship builders will be on hand to present their match. The winner of the championship match will be the winner of the competi- work. All that is needed to make this tion, and the programmer(s) of the winning player will be awarded the $10,000 prize. evening a big success is your active explo- Entrants will play a wide variety of competitive and cooperative games, including ration of these interactive systems! single player games (Towers of Hanoi, Blocks World), two player games (such as Chess) and many-player games (e.g. Chinese Checkers). In some cases, the games Table #6 may be exhaustively searchable in the time allowed; in other cases, this is not pos- An End-to-end Supervised Target- sible. General game players must handle all of these possibilities. Word Sense Disambiguation System Note that, prior to the competition, players are told nothing about the games to be Mahesh Joshi, Serguei Pakhomov, Ted Pedersen, played. The rules of all games are transmitted to the players electronically at the be- Rich Maclin and Christopher Chute, University ginning of each match. A general game playing system must be able to read the rules of Minnesota, Duluth and Mayo College of for each game, receive runtime information from the game manager, decide on ap- Medicine propriate moves, and inform the manager of its decisions. We present an extensible supervised Target- Word Sense Disambiguation system that leverages upon GATE (General Architecture human in playing the popular game We demonstrate a system that provides flex- for Text Engineering), NSP (Ngram Statistics Minesweeper. Our goal is to illustrate the ible and responsive non-improvisatory musi- Package) and WEKA (Waikato Environment power of CP techniques to model and solve cal accompaniment for a live soloist. The for Knowledge Analysis) to present an end- combinatorial problems in a context accessi- system hears the soloist with a hidden to-end solution that integrates feature identi- ble to the general public. Markov model, while a Gaussian belief net- fication, feature extraction, preprocessing work models the musical interpretation and and classification. Table #4 predicts future evolution. Live audio is gen- LOCATE Intelligent Systems Demon- erated by phase-vocoding a prerecorded ac- Table #8 companiment. Factored MDP Elicitation and Plan stration: Adapting Help to the Cog- Display nitive Styles of Users Table #9 Krol Kevin Mathias, Casey Lengacher, Derek Jack L. Edwards and Greg Scott, AI Manage- Phoebus: A System for Extracting Williams, Austin Cornett, Alex Dekhtyar, and ment and Development Corporation and Integrating Data from Unstruc- Judy Goldsmith, University of Kentucky This demonstration shows adaptive aiding in tured and Ungrammatical Sources Our demo individualizes plans for a confer- a workspace design software tool called LO- Matthew Michelson and Craig A. Knoblock, ence day. The user provides preferences and CATE. Demonstrated will be its ability to University of Southern California / Informa- steps through the plan, seeing predicted satis- classify new users according to Wholist-Ana- tion Sciences Institute faction outcomes of the suggested action. She lytic and Verbal-Imagery-Kinesthetic cogni- The Phoebus demonstration allows accurate can explore an unrecommended action, up- tive styles, with attendant individualized querying and integration of unstructured date preferences, or edit preference and plan- help. Also demonstrated will be its ability to sources, such as online classifieds and auc- ning domains, and then request a replan. adapt by tracking user activity to refine its tions. Our example uses, www.craigslist.org, User Model and accommodate user-pre- letting users search for cars, even when the ferred styles of help. Table #2 post lacks attributes, such as the make, or An Interactive Constraint-Based Ap- contains spelling mistakes. Furthermore, proach to Minesweeper Table #11 Phoebus can automatically link the listings Music Plus One — A Real-Time Sys- Ken Bayer, Josh Snyder, and Berthe Y. with an outside source, such as MSN Autos. Choueiry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln tem for Automatic Orchestral Accom- We present a Java applet that uses Con- paniment straint Processing (CP) techniques to assist a Christopher Raphael, Indiana University
GENERAL GAME PLAYING COMPETITION & INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATIONS 17 ing services. Experimental results indicate Poker Competition that planning with semantic matching pro- Fifteenth Annual duces better results than planning or seman- AAAI Mobile Robot- The Poker Competition will take place tic matching alone. The solution is suitable Monday through Wednesday, July for semi-automated composition tools, direc- Competition & 17–19, in the Dartmouth room on the tory and asset browsers. Exhibition Upper Level of the World Trade Center. Table #5 Recorded runs of a Texas Hold-Em The Fifteenth Annual Robot Competition SemNews: A Semantic News Frame- game played at the University of Alber- and Exhibition will be held on the mezza- work ta, Canada will be shown and interactive nine and atrium lobby areas of the World demonstrations will be available for con- Akshay Java, Tim Finin, Sergei Nirenburg, Trade Center. The event brings together University of Maryland Baltimore County ference attendees to play against the over 20 teams from universities, colleges, bots. There will be a connection from SemNews is a semantic news service that and research laboratories to compete and the AAAI interface to Poker Academy monitors different RSS news feeds and pro- vides structured representations of the to demonstrate cutting edge, state of the showing all three bots on display. In ad- meaning of news. As new content appears, art research in robotics and AI. dition, three academic posters will be on SemNews extracts the summary from the Scavenger Hunt display from Monash University, RSS description and processes it using On- Carnegie Mellon University, and the toSem, which is a sophisticated text under- Robots search the conference hotel area University of Alberta. standing system. The text meaning repre- for a checklist of given objects that may sentations are translated and published in be distinguished using vision or other sen- Table #12 Semantic Web representation language OWL. sors. This task will require robots to rea- Real-Time Interactive Learning in the son about their spatial surroundings in a NERO Video Game Table #7 natural and dynamic environment. Both Kenneth O. Stanley, The University of Central Strategic Sales Management in an Au- completely autonomous and shared-au- Florida, Igor Karpov, Risto Miikkulainen, and tonomous Trading Agent for TAC SCM tonomy systems are welcome to com- Aliza Gold, The University of Texas at Austin Wolfgang Ketter, Eric Sodomka, Amrudin Agov- plete, with each system judged based on ic, John Collins, and Maria Gini, University of In the NeuroEvolving Robotic Operatives the computational spatial reasoning it ex- (NERO) video game, the player trains a team Minnesota hibits. of virtual robots for combat. The robots learn We present methods for an autonomous in real time through interacting with the agent to predict price distributions and price Human Robot Interaction player. The real-time NeuroEvolution of trends in the customer market of the Trading The Human-Robot Interaction event fo- Augmenting Topologies (rtNEAT) method Agent Competition for Supply Chain Man- cuses on human-robot interaction. It in- drives the robots’ learning, making possible agement. We describe how these predictions this new genre of video game. can then be used by the agent to make cludes a more structured version of last strategic and tactical sales decisions. year’s Open Interaction Event as well as Table #3 the past Robot Challenge. Teams are asked ScriptEase - Motivational Behaviors Table #13 to submit entries of their own tasks for for Interactive Characters in Comput- The Tactical Language and Culture any of seven interaction categories. The er Role-Playing Games Training System: A Demonstration first six demonstrate particular aspects of Maria Cutumisu, Duane Szafron, Jonathan Andre Valente, W. Lewis Johnson and Hannes human-robot interaction, while the sev- Schaeffer, Kevin Waugh, Curtis Onuczko, Jeff Vilhjálmsson, University of Southern California enth is an integration category, for which Siegel, and Allan Schumacher, University of Al- / Information Sciences Institute only tasks are eligible that demonstrate berta The Tactical Language and Culture Training aspects from at least three of the first six ScriptEase is a tool that allows authors with System (TLTS) helps learners acquire basic categories. no programming experience to create inter- communicative skills in foreign languages active stories for computer role-playing and cultures. Learners practice social inter- The Robot Exhibition games using design patterns that encapsu- action in a simulated village, accompanied The mission of the Robot Exhibition is late frequent game scenarios. We show how by a virtual aide who can provide assistance twofold. First, to demonstrate state of the ScriptEase can be used to generate intricate and guidance. Learners can speak and non-player character scripts that encapsu- choose gestures on behalf of their character art research in a less structured environ- late motivational ambient and PC-interactive in the game. ment than the competition events. The behaviors for BioWare Corp.’s Neverwinter exhibition gives researchers an opportuni- Nights game. Table #10 ty to showcase current robotics and em- Using the Semantic Web to Integrate bodied-AI research that does not fit into Table #1 Ecoinformatics Resources the competition tasks. Second, the exhibi- SEMAPLAN: Combining Planning Cynthia Simms Parr, Andriy Parafiynyk, Joel tion provides a venue for faculty using with Semantic Matching to Achieve Sachs, Rong Pan, Lushan Han, Li Ding, Tim robotics in education to present their ap- Web Service Composition Finin, University of Maryland Baltimore Coun- proaches and experiences. We encourage Rama Akkiraju, Biplav Srivastava, Anca-An- ty, and David Wang, University of Maryland participation from all areas. dreea Ivan, Richard Goodwin, and Tanveer College Park Syeda-Mahmood, IBM Research We demonstrate an end-to-end use case of Workshop We present SEMAPLAN, a novel system to the semantic web’s utility for synthesizing The robot events culminate with a work- compose Web services in the presence of se- ecological data. In particular, we describe shop where participants describe the re- mantic ambiguity by combining semantic ELVIS (the Ecosystem Location Visualization search behind their entries. matching and AI planning algorithms. We and Information System) and Triple Shop. General Cochairs use cues from domain-independent and do- ELVIS is a suite of tools for predicting food main-specific ontologies to compute an over- webs for a given location. Triple Shop is a Paul Rybski (Carnegie Mellon University) all semantic similarity score between am- SPARQL query tool which uses our semantic Jeffrey Forbes (Duke University) biguous terms. This semantic similarity web search engine, Swoogle, to tranform the Scavenger Hunt Cochairs score is used by AI planning algorithms to semantic web into a potential dataset for an- Zach Dodds (Harvey Mudd University) guide the searching process when compos- swering arbitrary queries. Paul Oh (Drexel University)
18 POKER COMPETITION, INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATIONS,& MOBILE ROBOT COMPETITION AND EXHIBITION Human Robot Interaction Chair The CMAssist RoboCup@Home team from itself, recognize a set of objects, and com- Matthias Scheutz (University of Notre Carnegie Mellon University studies how municate with peer robots to share location Dame) robots can best work around, interact with, and coordinate exploration of the search Exhibition Chair and assist people in natural indoor environ- space. Debra Burhans (Canisius College) ments. Specific research goals include recog- nition and detection of humans and their ac- University of Manitoba Mobile Robot Workshop tivities as well as using those detected hu- Team: Keystone Scavengers Bob Avanzato (Penn State Abington) man activities to learn about the environ- Team Members: Jacky Baltes and Brian McK- ment. innon Robot Teams Events: Scavenger Hunt and Exhibition The College of New Jersey We are working with stereo vision as the sole Bridgewater State College Team: TCNJ Interactive Robot Team form of perception for Urban Search and Team: Bridgewater wanderer Contact: Yunfeng Wang Rescue (USAR) vehicles. Initial results Contact: John F. Santore Events: Human Interaction and Exhibition demonstrate the potential of this system for Event: Scavenger Hunt USAR and other challenging domains. Drexel University Brooklyn College, City Team: DIAS University of Notre Dame University of New York Contact: Paul Oh Team: ND-RUDY Team: Educational Robotics Event: Exhibition Contact: Paul Schermerhorn Team members: Elizabeth Sklar, Simon Par- Drexel Integrated ATV System will showcase Event: Human Interaction sons, M.Q. Azhar, Valerie Andrewlevich and a drive-by-wire ATV. This dual-mode ATV A. Tuna Ozgelen can be operated normally with a driver, or University of Sherbrooke Team: LABORIUS Event: Exhibition controlled wireless by radio-control or via Team members: François Michaud, Dominic Our “Educational Robotics” exhibit will fea- GPS waypoints. Also showcased is a 6-foot Létourneau, Maxime Fréchette, Éric ture a number of efforts to engage universi- robotic helicopter. Beaudry, Carle Côté, and Froduald Kabanza ty students with robotics through teaching Harvard University Events: Human Interaction and Exhibition and outreach. Teaching runs the gamut from Team: Collective Construction by Lego Spartacus, our robot entry, integrates plan- undergraduate introductory computer sci- Robots ning, sound source localization, tracking and ence to graduate-level artificial intelligence Contact: Radhika Nagpal separation, message reading, speech recog- courses. Outreach involves collaborations Event: Exhibition nition and generation, and autonomous nav- with students and New York City public Social insects, such as ants and termites, col- igation capabilities onboard a custom-made schools. We will highlight a range of curricu- lectively build large and complex structures, interactive robot. Special focus is put on co- la and team-based projects, which are often with many individuals following simple ordinating audio, visual, and graphical capa- based on challenges from RoboCupJunior. rules and no centralized control or planning. bilities, monitoring the impacts of the capa- Bryn Mawr College Our goal is to design systems for automating bilities in usage by the robot, and inferring Team: Pyro Robotics construction that are similarly adaptive and the robot’s intentions and goals. robust, but build what we want. Contact: Doug Blank Washington University in St. Louis Event: Scavenger Hunt and Exhibition Harvey Mudd College Team: Lewis Canisius College Team: HMC Escher Contact: Bill Smart Team: Griffins Team members: Ben Tribelhorn and Zachary Events: Human Interaction, Scavenger Hunt Team members: Debra Burhans, R. Mark Dodds and Exhibition Events: Scavenger Hunt and Exhibition Meyer, Pat VanVerth, Camille Moreno, Ben Western Washington University Rood, Andre Nelson, Nick Lahens, and David This entry features the ubiquitous iRobot Team: WWU Robots Puehn Roomba. We have mounted a laptop and a Team members: Natasa Lazetic, Ben Greear, Events: Scavenger Hunt and Exhibition camera to create a very powerful and very and Angelina Greear In the exhibition we will present several dif- low-cost platform for teaching and experi- menting with mobile robotics. Event: Exhibition ferent educational projects that use Lego LEGO Mindstorms robot sorts objects (into Mindstorms including a simulator that is Idaho National Laboratory bins) based on their color features, using ar- currently under development. For the Scav- Team: INL Robot and Human Systems Group tificial neural networks. Objects to be sorted enger Hunt we will be using an Aibo con- Contact: Douglas Few are LEGO pieces, fruit, and so on. Lighting trolled through the Pyro framework. We will Event: Exhibition conditions will also be varied to test versatil- also demonstrate a realization of the “Wum- ity of the robot. pus World.” Kansas State University Team: KSU Willie Canisius College & Hamilton College Contact: David Gustafson Team: Snarpy Event: Scavenger Hunt Team members: Debra Burhans and Alistair Campbell Rowan University General Information Event: Exhibition Team: Rowan IMAPS We will demonstrate robots that use SNePS, a Contact: Hong Zhang powerful KR&R, for the knowledge level brain Event: Exhibition Admission and Pyro for connecting to either a simulated or an actual robot (Aibo). These represent two Tulane University Each conference attendee will receive a levels of a five-level cognitive architecture, Team Name: Tulane Robotics name badge upon registration. This badge GLAIR, that we have implemented using Contact: Sheila Tejada is required for admittance to the techni- Event: Exhibition SNePS, Lisp, C, Python, and Pyro. cal, tutorial, IAAI and workshop pro- Carnegie Mellon University University of California, Los Angeles grams. Tutorial and Workshop attendees Team: Claytronics Team: UCLA HOBOS must present their attendance tickets for Contact: Seth Goldstein Team members: Kamil Wnuk, Brian Fulker- admittance to the rooms. Tutorial atten- Event: Exhibition son, and Jeremi Sudol Events: Scavenger Hunt and Exhibition dees will also receive syllabi tickets, Carnegie Mellon University The HOBOS (highly organized bunch of which may be redeemed for the syllabi Team: CMAssist scavengers) system is a scalable multi-agent volumes. Smoking, drinking and eating Team members: Paul E. Rybski, Kevin Yoon, system consisting of Evolution ER1 laptop are not allowed in any of the technical, tu- Jeremy Stolarz, and Manuela Veloso robots capable of monocular vision. Each torial, workshop or IAAI sessions. Event: Exhibition robot will demonstrate the ability to localize
ROBOT COMPETITION AND EXHIBITION & General Information 19 Banking tions, please contact hotels directly. For per night for valet service and $28 per night student housing, please contact Boston for self-park. There is an ATM in the front lobby of the University at 617-353-8519. Seaport Hotel as well as by the Parking Printed Materials Cashier in the hotel. An ATM is also locat- Internet Access ed at the entrance to the Commonwealth Display tables for the distribution of pro- Exhibit Hall on the Harbor Level and on The Seaport World Trade Center Complex motional and informational materials of the Mezzanine Level across from the Am- offers complimentary wireless Internet interest to conference attendees will be phitheatre in the World Trade Center. access in public areas and all guest rooms, located in the registration area. using either a laptop or handheld that is Sovereign Bank Wi-Fi 802.11b wireless enabled (for em- Proceedings CD Sovereign Bank has two nearby locations. ployer provided VPN access). A Wi-Fi Each technical registrant will receive a 200 Seaport Boulevard 802.11b wireless networking card for most ticket with the registration materials for Boston MA 02109 laptops and handhelds can be purchased one copy of the conference CD. Tickets 617-757-3400 at the Seaport Hotel gift shop if needed. can be redeemed at the proceedings dis- Monday-Wednesday, 9 AM – 4 PM Thursday-Friday, 9 AM – 5 PM Public Space Wireless Instructions: tribution center in the Dartmouth room, located on the upper level of the World 1.1 miles away Leave your wireless network name (SSID) Trade Center during registration hours. blank or set it to “Seaport” — minus the 75 State Street All tickets must be redeemed onsite by Boston MA 02210 quotation marks — to gain access. Net- Thursday, July 20 at 11:00 AM. AAAI can- 617-345-8004 work encryption and authentication will not mail CDs to registrants after the con- Monday–Friady, 8:30 AM – 5 PM not work; therefore, if your existing wire- 0.2 miles away ference. less profile encryption key (WEP) is en- Business Centers abled, either disable it or create a new Restaurants at the World profile without encryption. If you have The Seaport Hotel and Seaport World difficulty, please refer to your wireless Trade Center and Seaport Trade Center can assist you with busi- network card or operating system docu- Bakery Café on the Mezzanine level in the ness, entertainment or travel arrange- mentation for specific instructions on World Trade Center and on the lobby lev- ments through the business center and re- how to configure your device. You will el of the Seaport Hotel is open for break- sourceful, multilingual Concierge. Hours need a standard Internet-ready browser fast and lunch daily 7:00 AM – 2:00 PM. of operation are Monday – Friday, 8:00 AM such as Internet Explorer or Netscape Starbucks is located in the lobby of the – 5:00 PM; Saturday and Sunday (with ad- Navigator on any operating system. With Seaport Hotel and offers gourmet blended vanced notice) a properly installed wireless network card coffee and other beverages, assorted baked goods, pastries, and light lunch Seaport Hotel Business Center just launch your browser and connect to items; open daily 6:30 AM – 5:30 PM. Sebas- One Seaport Lane the Internet. For detailed information on tian’s Café on the Mezzanine level in the Boston, MA 02210 Wi-Fi, visit www.wi-fi.org. Voice: 617-385-4553 Please Note: The Seaport Hotel and World Trade Center is open for daily lunch Fax: 617-385-4526 World Trade center strongly recommends specials that include soups and sandwich- es; open weekdays 11:30 AM – 2:00 PM. Au- World Trade Center Business Center that their customers take measures to en- sure the security of their Internet connec- ra Restaurant and Bar, an award winning 200 Seaport Boulevard, Suite 301 restaurant in the Seaport Hotel serves Boston, MA 02210 tions. Like any high-speed service, includ- breakfast, lunch and dinner daily. Voice: 617-385-4349 ing DSL and cable, the Seaport wireless Fax: 617-385-5491 network is not inherently secure. Al- Dunkin’ Donuts is conveniently located on the lower level of Seaport World Trade FedEx Kinko’s though they support customer-initiated security solutions such as virtual private Center, adjacent to the Spirit of Boston Boston MA BCEC dock. networks (VPN), encryption and personal 415 Summer Street Located in the lobby of Seaport World Boston, MA 02210 firewalls, they do not provide these solu- Trade Center East, Fresh City provides an Voice: 617-954-2203 tions for their customers and cannot guar- upbeat and attractive environment com- Fax: 617-954-2204 antee or otherwise be responsible for bined with fast service and the freshest Email: [email protected] their effectiveness. It is the customer’s re- food. Fresh City is open Monday through sponsibility to adopt security measures Friday, 6:30 AM to 4:00 PM. Career Information that are best suited to their situation. A bulletin board for job opportunities in Shipping the artificial intelligence industry will be List of Attendees The Seaport Hotel can assist with small made available in the registration area, on A list of preregistered attendees of the deliveries, and can provide shipping la- the upper level of the World Trade Center. conference will be available for review at bels for FedEx and UPS. Attendees are welcome to post job de- the AAAI Desk in the registration area. At- scriptions of openings at their company tendee lists will not be distributed. or institution. Transportation Parking For complete transportation options and Handicapped Facilities costs in the Boston area, please see The Seaport Garage is located beneath the www.seaportboston.com/SeaBos/Home/ The Seaport Hotel and World Trade Center Seaport World Trade Center West, Seaport RightPage.asp?PID=7463673 is equipped with handicapped facilities. World Trade Center East, and the Seaport Hotel. The following rates are in effect: 0–1 Taxi Housing hour, $9; 1–12 hours, $17; 12–24 hours, $27. Taxi service is available at the Seaport Ho- For information regarding hotel reserva- Seaport Hotel overnight guest rates are $36 tel. Additionally, water taxis are available
20 GENERAL INFORMATION from the Seaport WTC to the Logan Air- port marine terminal where free ground Registration transportation awaits to all airport termi- nals. Rowes Wharf Water Transport picks Conference registration is located on the upper level of the World Trade Center, be- up at the MBTA Dock on the west side of ginning Sunday, July 16. Registration hours are: the Seaport WTC by Dunkin Donuts (be- Sunday, July 16 7:30 AM - 6:00 PM tween the Spirit of Boston and Spirit Monday, July 17 7:30 AM - 6:00 PM Elite). City Water Taxi also provides water Tuesday, July 18 8:00 AM - 5:30 PM Wednesday, July 19 8:00 AM - 5:30 PM taxi service (details follow). The City Wa- Thursday, July 20 8:30 AM - 12:00 PM ter Taxi dock is located at the east apron of WTC, next to Sovereign Bank. Only checks drawn on U.S. banks, U.S. currency, VISA, MasterCard, American Ex- press, and traveler’s checks will be accepted. We cannot accept foreign currency or Shuttle Service checks drawn on foreign banks. The Seaport World Trade Center complex Registration Fees provides free shuttle service to North Sta- tion and the Financial District. Continu- The AAAI-06/IAAI-06 technical program registration includes admission to all techni- ous service is provided during morning cal paper and poster sessions, invited talks, exhibits, demos, and competitions, the and evening commute periods from the opening reception, and a copy of the AAAI-06/IAAI-06 conference proceedings on CD Seaport World Trade Center complex to (the hardcopy proceedings is available at additional cost). Students must present proof State Street and North Station. Shuttles of full-time student status to qualify for the student rate. Onsite technical program fees pick-up passengers curbside and depart are as follows: either when a shuttle is filled to capacity Technical Registration Fees or when an approaching vehicle is close Regular Member $765 behind. Regular Nonmember $935 The Seaport Express Student Member $295 Student Nonmember $395 The Seaport Express provides water shut- tle service between the Seaport World AAAI Platinum Fees Trade Center and Central Wharf (at the (Includes one year new or renewal membership in AAAI) New England Aquarium, near the MBTA Regular US/Canada $860 Blue Line Aquarium Stop). Daily sched- Regular International $900 uled service is $1.50 each way, and MBTA Student US/Canada $330 Combo Plus and Higher passes are ac- Student International $370 cepted as fare for the scheduled service. Tutorial Forum City Water Taxi Includes admittance to up to four consecutive tutorials and the accompanying Tutori- al Forum Notes. In addition to the fee below, all tutorial participants must register for Destinations include: Logan Airport, the AAAI-06/IAAI-06 technical program. Moakley Federal Courthouse, World Trade Center Complex, Bank of America Pavil- Regular $150 ion, Black Falcon Terminal, Long Wharf, Student $40 Burrough’s Wharf in the Historic North Workshop Program End, North Station’s Lovejoy Wharf, Fan Includes admittance to one workshop and the accompanying technical report. In ad- Pier / Moakley Courthouse, Marginal dition to the fee below, all workshop participants must register for the AAAI-06/IAAI- Street / East Boston, and Charlestown 06 technical program. Navy Yard (Pier 4). Pick-up and drop-off Regular $75 ($150 for 2-day) for 255 State Street behind the Marriott. To Student $35 ($70 for 2-day) request a pick up, call City Water Taxi at Opening Reception (Monday, July 17) (617) 422-0392, or call on the two way ra- dio located at the dock. Adult Guest $40.00 Child $10.00 Rowes Wharf Water Transport Poster/Demo Session Reception (Wednesday, July 19) Available year round, destinations in- clude Logan Airport, Rowes Wharf, Moak- Adult Guest $30.00 Child $10.00 ley Federal Courthouse, World Trade Cen- ter Complex, Bank of America Pavilion, Black Falcon Terminal, Central Wharf routes 448, 449, and 459 provide service to District with Boston’s transit network. (Aquarium), North End, and Charlestown Logan Airport from the World Trade Cen- Navy Yard. ter Boston/Seaport District via the Ted Boston’s Famous “T” To request a pick up, call Rowes Wharf Williams Tunnel/I-90 West. Please visit Provides quick, convenient, and reliable Water Transport at 617-406-8584 or call the MBTA website (www.mbta.com) to connections throughout the metropolitan when you get to the dock. learn more about schedule information. area. The Red, Orange, Blue, and Green City Transit Systems The MBTA Silver Line is a new, rubber- lines provide connections downtown that The MBTA Silver Line provides service tired, dual-mode service for the Seaport can be accessed at the MBTA North Sta- from the WTC Station to Logan Interna- District and includes a one-mile tunnel tion and MBTA State Street Station (via the tional Airport terminals every 10 minutes from South Station to Moakley Federal World Trade Center Complex Shuttle) and during the weekday and every 15 minutes Courthouse and the Seaport World Trade South Station (via the MBTA Silver Line during the weekend. Additionally, bus Center complex, connecting the Seaport Waterfront).
GENERAL INFORMATION & REGISTRATION INFORMATION 21 HEALTH COAT CLUB ROOM PLAZA BALLROOM PRE-FUNCTION AREA HEALTH CLUB
HEALTH FACILITY PLAZA BALLROOM
A B C
Plaza Level BOSTON, MA PHONES
Mezzanine Level Floorplan, The Seaport Hotel
Tutorial Forum Syllabi the onsite registration area. All volunteers ment or operations of providers of accom- are required to sign in prior to their shift, modations or other services included as Extra copies of AAAI-06 tutorial syllabi and sign out when they finish. part of the AAAI-06/IAAI-06 program, volume will be available for purchase in AAAI assumes no responsibility for and AAAI onsite registration area, beginning will not be liable for any personal delay, Tuesday, July 18. Supplies are limited. Disclaimer inconveniences or other damage suffered The cost is $25.00 per volume (includes In offering the Seaport Hotel and World by conference participants which may all tutorials). Preregistration tutorial syl- Trade Center, Boston University, Free- arise by reason of (1) any wrongful or neg- labi tickets may be redeemed at the Pro- man, Projection Presentation Technology, ligent acts or omissions on the part of any ceedings distribution center in Dartmouth Logan International Airport, and all other Supplier or its employees, (2) any defect on the Upper level of the World Trade service providers (hereinafter referred to in or failure of any vehicle, equipment or Center during registration hours. All tick- as “Supplier(s)” for the National Confer- instrumentality owned, operated or other- ets must be redeemed onsite by Thurs- ence on Artificial Intelligence and the In- wise used by any Supplier, or (3) any day, July 20 at 11:00 AM. AAAI cannot novative Applications Conference), the wrongful or negligent acts or omissions mail books to registrants after the confer- American Association for Artificial Intelli- on the part of any other party not under ence. gence (AAAI) acts only in the capacity of agent for the Suppliers that are the the control, direct or otherwise, of AAAI. Volunteer Station providers of the service. Because AAAI has no control over the personnel, equip- The volunteer station will be located in
22 GENERAL INFORMATION, DISCLAIMER, & SEAPORT HOTEL FLOORPLAN HARBORVIEW 2
HARBORVIEW BALLROOM
STORAGE CLOSET
KITCHEN
SKYLINE RESTAURANT DARTMOUTH ROOM HARBORVIEW 1
DN HARBORSIDE ROOM
MEN WOMEN DN KITCHEN COAT WOMEN MEN CHECK COAT CHECK STORAGE
CITYVIEW BALLROOM
CITYVIEW 2 CITYVIEW 1
MAIN LOBBY
SCALE 0'5' 10' 15' 20' 30' 40' 50'
DN
BOULEVARD ENTRANCE
E 2 MEN
AUDIO VISUAL OFFICE E BACK BAY TREMONT COMPLEX BOARDROOM
E WOMEN E
P 1
E CONTROL AUDITORIUM
1
FEDERAL TO INTERNATIONAL E COMPLEX E PAVILLION
2 ROOM WOMEN MEN
E E E CONGRESS E E E BOARDROOM E
BEACON HILL 2 NORTH END 2
NORTH END BEACON HILL COMPLEX COMPLEX
NORTH END 1 BEACON HILL 1
WATERFRONT WATERFRONT BALLROOM 1a
WOMEN WOMEN
WATERFRONT W M M W CAMBRIDGE 1 1b WATERFRONT WATERFRONT 3 2 MEN MEN CAMBRIDGE COMPLEX WATERFRONT 1c
CAMBRIDGE 2 EE EE WC WC
Floorplan, World Trade Center Boston
WORLD TRADE CENTER FLOORPLAN 23 Photo courtesy Tom Ryan, Tourism Vancouver Tourism Ryan, courtesy Tom Photo
Please Join Us in Vancouver British Columbia for the Twenty-Second National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-07)
July 22-26, 2007 Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
Sponsored by the American Association for Artificial Intelligence
Call for Papers: http://www.aaai.org/Conferences/AAAI/aaai07.php