Celebrating 50 Years of Artificial Intelligence Criginal photograph courtesy, Boston Convention and Visitor’s Bureau and Visitor’s Convention courtesy, Boston Criginal photograph Conference Program Twenty-First National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-06) Eighteenth Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI-06) July 16 – 20, 2006 Seaport Hotel and World Trade Center Boston, Massachusetts Sponsored by the American Association for Artificial Intelligence Cosponsored by the National Science Foundation, Naval Research Laboratory, Microsoft Research, The Boeing Company, Michael Genesereth, ITA Software, Inc., Google, Intel Corporation, Yahoo! Research, Idaho National Laboratory, IBM Research, Ask Jeeves, Intelligent Information Systems Institute, Cornell University, Teknowledge Corporation, ACM/SIGART, K-Team/RoadNarrows, MobileRobots Inc. The Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency also provided funds. Member Abstracts I Ask Jeeves and Posters Cochairs I Intelligent Information Systems Institute, Contents Cornell University Dieter Fox (University of Washington) and I Teknowledge Corporation Ion Muslea (Language Weaver) Acknowledgments / 2 I ACM/SIGART Awards / 2–3 Tutorial Forum Cochairs I K-Team/RoadNarrows Conference at a Glance / 5 I Qiang Yang (Hong Kong University of Sci- MobileRobots Inc. Doctoral Consortium / 4 ence and Technology) and Carla Gomes The Defense Advanced Projects Research Agen- Exhibition / 16 (Cornell University) cy also provided funds. Game Playing Competition / 17 General Information / 19 Workshop Cochairs Awards IAAI-06 Program / 8–13 Joyce Chai (Michigan State University) and All AAAI-06, IAAI-06, and AAAI Special Intelligent Systems Demonstrations / 17 Keith Decker (University of Delaware) Awards will be presented Tuesday, July Invited Talks / 6–7 Doctoral Consortium Poker Competition / 18 18, 8:30 – 9:00 AM, in the Commonwealth Chair and Cochair Posters / 14 Complex on the Harbor Level of the World Registration / 21 Kiri Wagstaff (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) Trade Center. and Terran Lane (University of New Mexico) Robot Competition and Exhibition / 18 Special Events and Programs / 3–4 Student Abstract and Poster Cochairs AAAI-06 Awards Special Meetings / 7 Maria Fox (University of Strathclyde), The AAAI-06 Awards will be presented by Sponsoring Organizations / 2 Sailesh Ramakrishnan (University of Michi- program cochairs Yolanda Gil and Ray- Technical Program / 8–13 gan), and Lynn Andrea Stein (Franklin W. mond C. Mooney. Tutorial Forum / 6 Olin College of Engineering) Outstanding Paper Awards Workshop Program /4 Intelligent Systems Demonstrations Cochairs Model Counting: A New Strategy for Obtain- ing Good Bounds by Carla P. Gomes, Ashish Rob Miller (Massachusetts Institute of Tech- Acknowledgments Sabharwal, and Bart Selman (Cornell Uni- nology) and Biplav Srivastava (IBM India Re- versity) The American Association for Artificial search Labs) Intelligence acknowledges and thanks the Game Playing Competition Chair Towards an Axiom System for Default Logic following individuals for their generous by Gerhard Lakemeyer (Aachen University Michael Genesereth (Stanford University) contributions of time and energy to the of Technology), and Hector J. Levesque successful creation and planning of the Mobile Robot Competition and (University of Toronto) Twenty-First National Conference on Arti- Exhibition General Cochairs Outstanding Senior Program ficial Intelligence and the Eighteenth Paul Rybski (Carnegie Mellon University) Committee Member Award Conference on Innovative Applications of and Jeffrey Forbes (Duke University) Artificial Intelligence. Brian Williams (Massachusetts Institute of Poker Competition Cochairs Technology) AAAI Conference Committee Chair Jonathan Schaeffer (University of Alberta) and Michael Littman (Rutgers University) James Hendler (University of Maryland) Outstanding Program Committee Sponsorship Chair Member Awards AAAI-06 General Conference Chair Illah Nourbakhsh (Carnegie Mellon Ernie Davis (New York University), and Kenneth D. Forbus (Northwestern University) University) Rosemary Emery-Montemerlo (Stanford University) AAAI-06 Technical Program Cochairs Student Participation Associate Chairs Yolanda Gil, (Information Sciences Institute, Martin Michalowski and Matt Michelson (In- University of Southern California) and Ray- formation Sciences Institute, University of IAAI-06 Deployed mond Mooney (University of Texas at Austin) Southern California) Applications Awards IAAI-06 Program Chair and Cochair Technical Program Software Chair The six IAAI-06 Deployed Application Bruce Porter (University of Texas at Austin) Ken Barker (University of Texas at Austin) Awards will be announced by the IAAI-06 and William Cheetham (General Electric Re- A complete listing of the AAAI-06 and chair Bruce Porter and cochair William search) IAAI-06 program committee members ap- Cheetham. Please see the schedule for pa- per titles. Certificates will be presented Special Track on Artificial pears in the conference proceedings. during paper sessions. Intelligence and the Web Cochairs Sponsoring Tim Finin (University of Maryland, Balti- Robert S. Engelmore more County) and Dragomir Radev (Univer- Organizations Memorial Award and Lecture sity of Michigan) AAAI gratefully acknowledges the gener- The Robert S. Engelmore Award is spon- Special Track on Integrated ous contributions of the following organi- sored by IAAI-06 and AI Magazine, and Intelligent Capabilities Cochairs zations to AAAI-06: will be presented by Bruce Porter and Art Graesser (University of Memphis) and I National Science Foundation William Cheetham, IAAI-06 chair and Reid Simmons (Carnegie Mellon University) I Naval Research Laboratory I Microsoft Research cochair, and David B. Leake, editor-in- Senior Member Papers Cochairs I The Boeing Company chief, AI Magazine. The award and lecture Kathy McKeown (Columbia University) and I Michael Genesereth was established in 2003 to honor Robert Dan Weld, University of Washington I ITA Software, Inc. Engelmore's extraordinary service to I Google AAAI, AI Magazine, and the AI applica- AAAI Nectar Papers Cochairs I Intel Corporation AnHai Doan (University of Illinois at Ur- I Yahoo! Research tions community, and his contributions to bana-Champaign) and Elaine Rich (Universi- I Idaho National Laboratory applied AI. The 2006 award will be pre- ty of Texas at Austin) I IBM Research sented to Bruce Buchanan, University 2CONTENTS & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & SPONSORS & AWARDS Professor of Computer Science Emeritus (University of Pittsburgh), for leadership Keynote Address in artificial intelligence and pioneering contributions to knowledge-based sys- Tim Berners-Lee (Director, World Wide Web Consortium) tems, machine learning, and automated discovery, along with significant applica- Tuesday, July 18, 9:00 – 10:00 AM tions in medicine, biology and chemistry. Commonwealth Complex, World Trade Center The lecture will be held Wednesday, July 19, 4:20 PM, in Harborview II. The relationship between AI and the semantic web has been something that has pro- AAAI Special Awards voked a lot of heated corridor discussion over the years. This talk will try to outline Special awards will be presented by what the semantic web is and is not, at a conference where there may be some an- Ronald J. Brachman, Awards Committee niversary reflection on what AI is and is not. It is not always obvious how to transfer chair and AAAI past president, and Alan existing AI techniques into a fractal weblike space, or what the effect will be. But it is Mackworth, AAAI president. certainly exciting. Classic Paper Award A graduate of Oxford University, England, Berners-Lee now holds the 3Com Founders The 2006 AAAI Classic Paper Award will chair at the Laboratory for Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL) be given jointly to the authors of two pa- at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he leads the Decentralized pers considered to be the most influential Information group (DIG). He directs the World Wide Web Consortium, an open forum from the Sixth National Conference on Ar- of companies and organizations with the mission to lead the Web to its full potential. tificial Intelligence, held in 1987 in Seat- With a background of system design in real-time communications and text processing tle, Washington. software development, in 1989 he invented the World Wide Web, an internet-based hy- The 2006 award winners are Philip E. permedia initiative for global information sharing, while working at CERN, the Euro- Agre and David Chapman for Pengi: An pean Particle Physics Laboratory. He wrote the first web client (browser-editor) and Implementation of a Theory of Activity and server in 1990. Michael P. Georgeff and Amy L. Lansky for Reactive Reasoning and Planning. The authors of two additional papers have received honorable mention, includ- $10,000 award will be presented to the and technical advances in research) have ing Richard E. Korf for Real-Time Heuristic winning entrant. AAAI gratefully ac- been integrated into the technical pro- Search: First Results and Judea Pearl and knowledges the generous contribution of gram schedule throughout the confer- Thomas Verma for The Logic of Represent- Michael Genesereth, who has made this ence, and AAAI members will present ing Dependencies by Directed Graphs. award possible. The Award will be pre- posters during the poster session on sented by Michael Genesereth, Competi- Wednesday evening, July 19. Distinguished Service Award tion Chair. The