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SÕJATEADLANE Estonian Journal of Military Studies 3 / 2016 SÕJATEADLANE Estonian Journal of Military Studies 3 / 2016 KAITSEVÄE ÜHENDATUD ÕPPEASUTUSED SÕJATEADLANE Estonian Journal of Military Studies SÕJATEADLANE 3 / 2016 SÕJATEADLANE ESTONIAN JOURNAL OF MILITARY STUDIES Peatoimetaja / Editor-in-chief: Andres Saumets (Estonia) Toimetuskolleegium / Editorial Board: Sten Allik (Estonia) Nele Rand (Estonia) Wilfried Gerhard (Germany) Claus Freiherr von Rosen (Germany) Ken Kalling (Estonia) Karl Salum (Estonia) Jörg Keller (Germany) Vladimir Sazonov (Estonia) Enno Mõts (Estonia) Volker Stümke (Germany) Erik Männik (Estonia) René Värk (Estonia) Andreas Pawlas (Germany) Keeletoimetajad / Language Editors: Collin W. Hakkinen (USA) Epp Leete (Estonia) Kristiina Haug (Estonia) Argo Mund (Estonia) Reet Hendrikson (Estonia) Amy Christine Tserenkova (USA) Marika Kullamaa (Estonia) Nõuandev kogu / International Advisory Committee: Martin Herem (Committee Manager, Estonia) Rain Liivoja (Australia) Hubert Annen (Switzerland) Gale A. Mattox (USA) Richard H. Clevenger (USA) Ago Pajur (Estonia) Angelika Dörfl er-Dierken (Germany) Robert Rollinger (Austria) Sharon M. Freeman-Clevenger (USA) Michael N. Schmitt (USA) Thomas R. Kämmerer (Germany) Peeter Tulviste (Estonia) Jakob Kübarsepp (Estonia) Martti Turtola (Finland) Ants Laaneots (Estonia) Zdzislaw Sliva (Poland) Tõnu Lehtsaar (Estonia) Sõjateadlane (Estonian Journal of Military Studies) on Kaitseväe Ühendatud Õppeasutustes välja- antav, eelretsenseeritav ja rahvusvahelise toimetuskolleegiumiga sõjateaduslik ajakiri. Sõjateadlane (Estonian Journal of Military Studies), the journal of the Estonian National Defence College (ENDC) is a peer-reviewed military journal with an international board of editors and open to international contributors. Väljaandja ja autoriõigus / Publisher and Copyright: Kaitseväe Ühendatud Õppeasutused, 2016 Toimetuse kontakt / Editorial Contact: Riia 12, 51013 Tartu, Estonia Tel: +372 717 6207 E-mail: [email protected] Ajakirja koduleht / Homepage of the Journal: www.ksk.edu.ee/publikatsioonid Kaastööd / Address for Submission: [email protected] Kirjastus / Publishing House: Eesti Ülikoolide Kirjastus, www.eyk.ee ISSN 2461-4378 (print) ISSN 2461-4386 (online) SISUKORD HABEMUS SCIENTIAM MILITAREM! .......................................... 7 Andres Saumets ÜLESANDEKESKNE JUHTIMINE – KAS JUHTIMISSTIIL VÕI MIDAGI ENAMAT?.................................................................... 12 Aarne Ermus FÜHREN MIT AUFTRAG – ÜLESANDEKESKNE JUHTIMINE ......................................................................................... 39 Detlef-Holger Müller ÜLESANDEKESKSE JUHTIMISE PÕHIMÕTETE RAKENDAMINE BALTI PATALJONI NÄITEL ............................. 49 Argo Sibul, Kersti Kõiv, Eero Aija ORGANISATSIOONI ÕPPIMISVÕIME PARENDAMINE KAITSEVÄE ÜHENDATUD ÕPPEASUTUSTES ........................... 94 Rainek Kuura, Reelika Suviste, Svetlana Ganina INNERE FÜHRUNG’I EETIKA ......................................................... 137 Angelika Dörfler-Dierken HISTORY LOOMS… RESOURCES, RESTRICTIONS, AND PERSPECTIVES ON MILITARY SOCIOLOGY IN GERMANY ..................................................................................... 167 Heiko Biehl TEGEVTEENISTUSEST LAHKUNUD VETERANIDE TOIMETULEKUST TÖÖTURUL ...................................................... 188 Andres Siplane SÕJATEOLOOGIA ILMINGUD LÄHIS-IDAS DAESHI NÄITEL: KAS RELIGIOOSNE LIIKUMINE VÕI POLIITILIS- SÕJALINE ORGANISATSIOON? ..................................................... 208 Vladimir Sazonov, Holger Mölder 6 MILITAARTEADUSED: MÕISTE JA TERMINIKASUTUS RIIKIDE VÕRDLUSES ...................................................................... 232 Andreas Thalhammer MEENUTUSI RIIGIKAITSEHARIDUSE KÜNNIVAGUDELT (1992–1994) ........................................................................................... 281 Endel Hirvlaane SUMMARIEA IN ENGLISH .............................................................. 319 AUTORID ............................................................................................. 327 CONTRIBUTORS ................................................................................ 333 HABEMUS SCIENTIAM MILITAREM! Meil on sõjateadus! Sellise rõõmsa sõnumiga võib alustada järjekorras juba kolmanda Sõjateadlase toimetajaveergu. 2016. aasta alguses ilmunud esimese numbri saatesõnas tuli nentida, et kuigi Kaitseväe Ühendatud Õppe- asu tused on de facto juba kujunenud üheks Eesti sõjateaduse keskuseks, „ei leia Eestis kehtivate teadusvaldkondade klassifi kaatorite hulgast ikka veel sõjateadust“. Toonane saatesõna lõppes lootusrikka sooviga, „et peagi võime olla tunnistajaks uue iseseisva teadusdistsipliini, sõjateaduse sünnile.“ Oli see nüüd isetäituv ennustus või mitte, igatahes jõustus 30. juulil 2016 haridus- ja teadus ministri määrus, millega lisandus Eesti teadus- ja arendustegevuse valdkondade hulka iseseisva teadusvaldkonnana sõjateadus- ja tehno loogia (Military Science and Technology), mis kuulub Eesti Teadusinfosüsteemi klassifi katsiooni järgi „loodusteaduste ja tehnika“ ülemvaldkonna alla. Kui me vormilt ja sisult uuenenud KVÜÕA toimetised Sõjatead- laseks nimetasime, võisime tagasi vaadates tõdeda, et olime jõudnud ühes pikemas arenguprotsessis uude etappi. Ladina kõnekäänd ütleb, et nomen est omen – nimi on märk või tänapäevasemalt väljendudes programm. Sõjatea- duse ametlik kasutuselevõtt on kahtlemata programmilise tähendusega nii KVÜÕA, kaitseväe kui ka kogu Eesti teadusmaailma jaoks. Loodetavasti saab sellest sündmusest Eesti sõjanduskultuuri verstapost, mida järeltulevad põlvkonnad oskavad vääriliselt hinnata. Selle protsessi eestvedajatele, enne- kõike KVÜÕA juhtkonnale, õppejõududele ja teaduritele, on see kahtlemata suur tunnustus senitehtud töö eest ning võimalus end Eesti ja rahvusvahelises teadusmaailmas senisest paremini positsioneerida. Samas on see tõsine välja- kutse, et tagada sõjateadusliku teadus- ja arendustegevuse kvaliteet. Kaitse- väe peastaabi ülem kolonel Martin Herem, kes juhtis neil murrangulistel aastatel KVÜÕAd, on ajakirjale Sõdur antud intervjuus öelnud: „Se e [sõja- teadus] on nüüd ametlikult olemas ja meie lõpetajad peaksid edaspidi saama diplomi sõjateaduses. Mina olin vaid suunaandja, aga KVÜÕA inimesed olid need, kes saavutasid sõjateaduse ametliku tunnustamise. See võimaldab edaspidi teiste valdkondade teadlasi palju paremini kaasata meie õppetöös ja rakendusteaduslikes uuringutes. Ühtlasi võimaldab see teadlastel esindada meil tehtud teadustööd rahvusvahelisel areenil. See peaks julgustama tead- lasi, nii sõjaväelasi kui ka tsiviilisikuid, sõjapidamist teaduslikult uurima.“1 1 Herem. M. 2016. Rohkem enesekindlat mõõdukust. – Sõdur, 4 (91), lk 9. Sõjateadlane (Estonian Journal of Military Studies), Volume 3, 2016, pp. 7–11 www.ksk.edu.ee/publikatsioonid Andres Saumets 8 ANDRES SAUMETS Iga teadusdistsipliin, nende hulgas ka sõjateadus, vajab olemasolevate teadmiste korrastamiseks ja uute teadmiste metoodiliseks otsimiseks ja dokumenteerimiseks teaduspublikatsioonide vormis väljundit. Riigikaitse- lise kõrgkoolina tuleb Kaitseväe Ühendatud Õppeasutustel oma igapäevast õppe-, teadus- ja arendustööd teadlikult lõimida. Kaitsevägi ja Kaitseliit on tervikuna õppivad organisatsioonid. Selleks, et teaduspõhisus saaks toimida ja vilja kanda, tuleb taseme- ja täiendusõppes õppijate ning igapäevaselt oma kutseoskusi arendavate tegev- ja reservväelasteni tuua uusi uurimistulemusi ja erialaseid metodoloogilisi ülevaateid nii meilt kui ka mujalt (sh ingliskeel- sete ja tõlkeartiklite vahendusel), mis avardavad sõjateaduslikku mõtlemist ja hõlbustavad teadmiste rakendamist igapäevases kutsetöös. Sõjaväeliste juhtide arendamise puhul on oluline, et head mõtted ja uued probleemi- püstitused, aga ka analüüsivad tagasivaated minevikupärandisse ning edasi- viivad järeldused, mida tehakse näiteks erialaste diskussioonide, rakenduslike uurimisprojektide või sõjateaduslike lõpu-, magistri- ja doktoritööde raames, leiaksid esmalt sobiva akadeemilise vormi ja väljundi ning seejärel riigikaitse kontekstis laiapõhjalise rakendusliku väärtuse. Sõjateaduslik mõte ja sõna peavad levima ja vilja kandma. See on Sõjateadlase ja teiste KVÜÕA teadus- publikatsioonide esmane missioon. Sõjateadlase esimese numbri saate sõnas tsiteerisin üht Eesti tähtsamat sõjandusliku mõtte arendajat, kindralleitnant Nikolai Reeki, kes 1936. aastal kutsus üles elustama Eesti sõjalist mõtlemist algupärase emakeelse sõjakirjanduse abil. Sellest üleskutsest johtub ka Sõja- teadlase teine oluline missioon – edendada emakeelset sõjanduslikku mõtle- mist ja oskuskeelt. Algupärane sõjateadus ja -kirjandus saab areneda vaid koos eesti sõjanduskeelega. Eestlastena oleme (veel) uhked, et saame oma lastele pakkuda emakeelset ülikooliharidust. Meie ohvitserid omandavad esimese ja teise astme sõjaväelise kõrghariduse eesti keeles, mis on märgilise tähendu- sega, sest kaitseväelastena on nad tõotanud ustavust Eesti riigile ja põhisea- duslikule korrale, mille ülesanne on muu hulgas kaitsta eesti keele ja kul- tuuri säilimist. Teadusajakirjade puhul on kiusatus ja lausa ühiskondlik surve üllitada neid üksnes inglise keeles. Toimetajana on mul hea meel, et saame eestikeelsete sõjateaduslike tekstide avaldamisega anda oma tagasihoidliku panuse põhiseaduse mõttes, toetades eesti keele ja kultuuri, sh eestikeelse sõjanduskultuuri säilimist ja arendamist. Kolonel Martin Herem, kes on ka Sõjateadlase nõuandva kogu esimees, on tõdenud: „Kui meil on olemas eesti- keelne oskussõnavara ja terminoloogia, siis loob see võimaluse arendada Eesti sõjanduskultuuri
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