Final Report
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FINAL REPORT Exploiting New Data Sources to Quantify Arterial Congestion and Performance Measures NITC-RR-770 January 2017 NITC is the U.S. Department of Transportation’s national university transportation center for livable communities. EXPLOITING NEW DATA SOURCES TO QUANTIFY ARTERIAL CONGESTION AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES Final Report NITC-RR-770 by Miguel A. Figliozzi* Robert L. Bertini** Travis B. Glick* Nicholas B. Stoll* Wei Feng* Bobjot S. Sidhu** Anurag Pande** * Portland State University ** Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo for National Institute for Transportation and Communities (NITC) P.O. Box 751 Portland, OR 97207 January 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to TriMet staff Steve Callas and Miles Crumley for providing guidance, support and data. We are grateful to the National Institute for Transportation and Communities (NITC) for funding this project. DISCLAIMER The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are solely responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the material and information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation University Transportation Centers Program in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views of the U.S. Government. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 9 1.0 PROBLEM/BACKGROUND ........................................................................................ 10 1.1 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................. 10 2.0 DATA ............................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................... 12 3.0 SPEED AND CONGESTION ANALYSIS ................................................................... 14 3.1 TRAJECTORY AND SPEED ANALYSIS ..................................................................... 16 3.1.1 TRAJECTORIES ...................................................................................................... 16 3.1.2 CUMULATIVE ANALYSIS ................................................................................... 17 3.1.3 TRIP SPEED ANALYSIS ........................................................................................ 18 3.1.4. TRIP TIME ANALYSIS ............................................................................................ 22 3.1.5. INTERSECTION-LEVEL ANALYSIS ..................................................................... 22 3.2 HEAT MAPS ...................................................................................................................... 23 3.2.1 Data Visualization ........................................................................................................ 23 3.2.2 Numerical Method ....................................................................................................... 25 4.0 APPLICATION..................................................................................................................... 28 4.1 ANALYSIS OF SE POWELL BETWEEN 33RD AND SE 42ND ....................................... 28 4.2 ANALYSIS OF URBAN STREETS .................................................................................. 31 4.3 SW 6th BETWEEN JACKSON AND SW MONTGOMERY ........................................ 31 4.4 SW 4th BETWEEN SW CARUTHERS AND SW MILL .............................................. 32 5.0 TRIP TIME MODEL ........................................................................................................... 34 5.1 DWELL TIME .................................................................................................................... 35 5.2 INTER-STOP TIME ........................................................................................................... 35 5.3 NEWELL TRIP TIME MODEL ........................................................................................ 37 5.4 NEW INTER-STOP MODEL ............................................................................................ 38 5.4.1 Trip Time Model 1: Random Events ........................................................................... 39 5.4.2 Trip Time Model 2: Signals ......................................................................................... 39 6.0 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................... 45 6.1 FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................... 46 7.0 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 47 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Sample TriMet Data ....................................................................................................... 13 Table 2: Sample of Average Speed Analysis ................................................................................ 19 Table 3: Newell Trip Time Model Summary for 2003 and 2014 ................................................. 38 Table 4: Individual Inter-Stop Data Summary for One Week ...................................................... 39 Table 5: Total Inter-Stop Trip Time Characteristics for One Week ............................................. 40 Table 6: New Inter-Stop Trip Time Models ................................................................................. 44 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Map of Portland and segments analyzed. ...................................................................... 15 Figure 2: Westbound Route 9 time-space diagram. ...................................................................... 16 Figure 3: Bus 2231 Trip 1170. ...................................................................................................... 17 Figure 4: Analysis of time spent moving in speed ranges. ........................................................... 18 Figure 5: Speed versus cumulative westbound trip distance. ....................................................... 20 Figure 6: Speed trend line. ............................................................................................................ 21 Figure 7: Speed versus time. ......................................................................................................... 22 Figure 8: Speed analyses of SE Powell & 82nd. .......................................................................... 23 Figure 9: Example of heat map output. ......................................................................................... 24 Figure 10: Example POI. .............................................................................................................. 26 Figure 11: Speed heat map for SE Powell segment between 14th and 11th. .................................. 27 Figure 12: Google Satellite image of Powell Boulevard and the merging of 17th Avenue. ......... 27 Figure 13: Speed plot between 42th and 33rd along SE Powell Boulevard. .................................. 29 Figure 14: Percent of buses stopping by time of day near Cesar Chavez (39th). .......................... 30 Figure 15: SW 6th from SW Jackson to SW Montgomery. .......................................................... 32 Figure 16: 4th Avenue plots. .......................................................................................................... 33 Figure 17: Satellite view of crosswalks. ....................................................................................... 33 Figure 18: Inter-stop time vs. dwell time for first mile of trip. ..................................................... 34 Figure 19: Dwell time vs. passenger movement for one week. .................................................... 35 Figure 20: Boxplot of trip time vs. distance for first mile of trip. ................................................ 36 Figure 21: Inter-stop time vs. distance. ......................................................................................... 37 Figure 22: Signals encountered for one trip with BDS and 5-SR. ................................................ 40 Figure 23: Signals encountered for one trip at SE Powell Boulevard. ......................................... 41 Figure 24: Google Maps image of far-side bus stop at SE Powell Boulevard. ............................ 42 Figure 25: Signals encountered vs. total inter-stop time for all day. ............................................ 43 Figure 26: Signals encountered vs. inter-stop time AM peak period ........................................... 44 vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Transit travel time, operating speed and reliability all influence service attractiveness, operating cost and system efficiency. These metrics have a long-term impact on system effectiveness through a change in ridership. As part of its bus dispatch system (BDS), the Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon (TriMet) has been archiving automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) data for all bus trips at the stop level since 1997. In 2014, a new and higher-resolution bus AVL data collection