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CÉSAR CUI Piano Transcriptions Maria Ivanova & Alexander Zagarinskiy HC17049.Booklet.Pianotranscription.Qxp PH????? Booklet Gamben/Handel 30.01.18 15:32 Seite 2 HC17049.Booklet.PianoTranscription.qxp_PH?????_Booklet_Gamben/Handel 30.01.18 15:32 Seite 1 CÉSAR CUI Piano Transcriptions Maria Ivanova & Alexander Zagarinskiy HC17049.Booklet.PianoTranscription.qxp_PH?????_Booklet_Gamben/Handel 30.01.18 15:32 Seite 2 CÉSAR CUI Piano Transcriptions César Cui sium von Wilna. Der pensionierte Militär dem 14. Lebensjahr, aus einem eigenen für die Beschäftigung mit der Musik we- besaß unbestrittene musikalische Fähig- inneren Bedürfnis heraus Musik zu kom- nig günstige. Nach einem erfolgreichen DEUTSCH Das Schaffen des herausragenden Kom- keiten und nahm sogar die Pflichten ei- ponieren, in der ein starker Einfluss von Studium an der Hauptingenieurschule ponisten César Cui (1835 -1918), dessen nes Organisten in einer der katholischen F. Chopin zu verspüren war. Zum ersten wurde er an der Petersburger Ingenieur- Name für immer in die Musikgeschichte Kirchen von Wilna wahr. Seine Gattin Werk Cuis wurde eine Mazurka, die zur technischen Nikolai-Militärakademie im- Eingang gefunden hat, wartet noch auf Julia war eine Tochter des litauischen Erinnerung an einen seiner Gymnasial- matrikuliert, die er 1857 beendete. Zu seine Neuentdeckung und eindringliche Architekten Laurynas Gucevičius (Guce- lehrer geschrieben worden war. Der pol- seiner Hauptspezialisierung wurde das Interpretationen. Cui gehört zu dem wicz). Die gesamte häusliche Atmos- nische Komponist Stanisław Moniuszko Fortifikationswesen (Festungsbau), das er seltenen Typ universeller Talente, die in phäre, in der der begabte Junge auf- (1819 – 1872) wurde auf den Burschen bis ans Lebensende in drei Militärakade- sich schwer vereinbare Begabungen – wuchs, begünstigte in ihm die Entwick- aufmerksam, bot an, ihn unentgeltlich zu mien unterrichtete. Cui verfasste gleich- sowohl künstlerische als auch wissen- lung einer feinen Empfänglichkeit und unterrichten, und vermittelte ihm die falls eine Reihe wissenschaftlicher Arbei- schaftlich-technische – vereinen. Sensibilität gegenüber den mannigfal- Grundlagen der Komposition, Musiktheo- ten, die ihm verdienten Ruhm in den In- tigen Erscheinungen der zeitgenössischen rie und der Theorie des Kontrapunkts. genieurkreisen einbrachten. Im Laufe Cuis Lebensweg wurde von Elemen- Kultur in ihrer west- und osteuropäischen Die Kontakte mit dem begabten Ton- seines Dienstes wurde er 1891 zum ten einer erstaunlichen und einmaligen Variante. schöpfer, der durch seine Vokalwerke Generalmajor ernannt, und später erhielt Eigentümlichkeit geprägt, die für eine bekannt war, schlugen sich in den ersten er den Rang eines Generalleutnants. Un- organische Synthese unterschiedlicher César Cui beherrschte bereits in der musikalischen Versuchen von César Cui geachtet des gewaltigen Umfangs an kultureller Traditionen und Richtungen Kindheit Französisch, Russisch, Litauisch nieder, der um 1850 den Zyklus von wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten und pädago- prädisponiert war. Geboren wurde der und Polnisch, malte gut, besuchte erfolg- Romanzen „Sechs polnische Lieder“ gischen Aufgaben hat César Cui nicht Komponist am 6. Januar 1835 (ent- reich ein Gymnasium und legte ein be- schuf. Im gleichen Jahr brach der junge nur die Beschäftigung mit der Musik sprechend dem Julianischen Kalender) in sonderes Interesse für die Musik an den Mann nach einer siebenmonatigen nicht aufgegeben, sondern auch hohe der litauischen Stadt Wilna (dem heuti- Tag. Aber erst im Alter von zehn Jahren Ausbildung bei Moniuszko nach Sankt Professionalität auf diesem Gebiet er- gen Vilnius), die damals zum Russischen begann man, ihm das Spielen auf dem Petersburg auf, um dort auf Wunsch des reicht, wobei er Anerkennung als ein Zarenreich gehörte. Sein Vater, der fran- Klavier beizubringen. Die erste Lehrerin Vaters eine Militärausbildung zu erhal- Komponist und angesehener Teilnehmer zösische Offizier Anton Cui, war nach war die ältere Schwester, später folgten ten. der Reformbewegung in der russischen dem Feldzug der Napoleonischen Ar- eine Reihe anderer Pädagogen. Der Musik der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahr- mee 1812 in Russland geblieben und ar- Junge erwies sich nicht nur als ein be- Die neue Etappe im Leben von César hunderts erlangte. beitete als Französisch-Lehrer im Gymna- gabter Pianist, sondern begann auch ab Cui erschien in der ersten Zeit als eine 2 3 HC17049.Booklet.PianoTranscription.qxp_PH?????_Booklet_Gamben/Handel 30.01.18 15:32 Seite 4 CÉSAR CUI Piano Transcriptions Die Verwandlung des Militär- bzw. Pio- sche Musikschule zu bezeichnen, in die tastische“ und der „fatalen Einflüssen keit sowie raffinierten Eleganz, von ei- nieringenieurs in einen talentierten Kom- Musikgeschichte ist diese Gruppe jedoch ausgesetzte Charakter des eigentlichen nem Reichtum und einer Mannigfaltigkeit ponisten erfolgte in nicht geringem als die Russischen Fünf oder Mächtiges Helden“ der Tragödie angezogen. Im der Harmonie durchdrungen war. In der Maße dank der Bekanntschaft von Häuflein eingegangen. Die letzte Be- Unterschied zu den anderen Mitgliedern Instrumentalmusik zog es ihn ähnlich César Cui mit Mili A. Balakirew (1837 – zeichnung haben sie dem Kritiker Wladi- des „Mächtigen Häufleins“, die es haupt- einem Künstler für Miniaturen zu kam- 1910), dem Begründer einer Erneu- mir W. Stassow zu verdanken, der in sächlich zu Themen zog, die aus der mermusikalischen Formen mit einer sorg- erungsströmung, die eine Reihe junger einem der Artikel, die einem Konzert mit altrussischen Geschichte und der Mär- fältigen Darstellung der Details, die er- Musiker vereinte, die im Gegengewicht Werken von Balakirew gewidmet waren, chenfolklore gewonnen wurden, domi- laubten, feinste Stimmungen seiner musi- zum kühlen Akademismus und den deko- über die neue Komponistenschule nierte bei dem jungen Komponisten das kalischen Seele zum Ausdruck zu brin- rativen Konventionen die Gestaltung geschrieben hatte: „Wie viel Poesie, künstlerische Interesse für die westeuro- gen. eines eigenständigen und urwüchsigen Gefühl, Talent und Können hat dieses päische Romantik, das sich sowohl in Stils auf der Grundlage eines aufmerksa- kleine, aber schon mächtige Häuflein der Auswahl der Sujets für seine Opern Viel Zeit widmete César Cui der Musik- men Studiums der russischen Musikfolklo- russischer Musiker!“. als auch in der Musik an sich mit ihrer kritik, in dem er von 1864 bis 1990 mit re und des Kirchengesangs anstrebten. harmonischen Ausdruckskraft wider- einer Reihe großer russischer und aus- Cui imponierten nicht so sehr die ästheti- Der schöpferische Geist, der in Balaki- spiegelte. Neben dramatischen Opern, ländischer Zeitungen zusammenarbeite- schen Prinzipien und die künstlerische rews Komponistenzirkel herrschte, führte sinfonischer und Kammermusik schuf Cui te. Als Kritiker trat er von den Position Praxis von Balakirew und dessen Freun- zu einem schnellen Reifen des Talents vier Opern für Kinder, von denen die des „Mächtigen Häufleins“ aus auf, wo- de als vielmehr die lebendige schöpferi- von César Cui. Bereits 1859 wurde bei Oper „Der gestiefelte Kater“ (1912) bei er die innovativen Tendenzen im sche Atmosphäre, die die Sucher nach einem Sinfoniekonzert in Petersburg sein nach Motiven des berühmten Märchens Schaffen von Borodin, Mussorgski und neuen Wegen in der russischen Musik Orchester-Scherzo F-Dur mit Erfolg zur von Charles Perrault am meisten bekannt Rimski-Korsakow propagierte. Der Kom- vereinte. In diesem Kreis trafen sich Aufführung gebracht. Gleichzeitig fing ist, sowie mehr als 400 Romanzen zu ponist schuf eine einzigartige Chronik außer Balakirew und Cui Modest César Cui an, seine Kräfte beim Kompo- Versen von Klassikern der russischen des Petersburger Musiklebens, in dem er P. Mussorgski (1839 – 1881), Аlexander nieren von Opern auszuprobieren. 1869 Poesie, die sich durch einen eindring- im Verlaufe von Jahrzehnten das Kon- P. Borodin (1833 – 1887) und Nikolai wurde durch ihn die Oper „William Rat- lichen lyrischen Charakter und Wohl- zert- und Opernleben der damaligen А. Rimski-Korsakow (1844 – 1908), die cliff“ nach Motiven der gleichnamigen klang auszeichnen. Mit den Jahren ent- russischen Hauptstadt rezensierte. Die mit der Zeit Weltruf erlangten. Die Tragödie von Heinrich Heine vollendet. wickelte der Komponist seinen einzigar- Veröffentlichungen von César Cui hoben Gemeinschaft der jungen Komponisten In diesem Werk hatten den Komponisten tig urwüchsigen Stil, der von einer sich durch ihre Kühnheit und Originalität hatte es vorgezogen, sich als Neue russi- nach seinen eigenen Worten das „Phan- romantischen Beseeltheit und Herzlich- der Ansichten, den stilistischen Glanz 4 5 HC17049.Booklet.PianoTranscription.qxp_PH?????_Booklet_Gamben/Handel 30.01.18 15:32 Seite 6 CÉSAR CUI Piano Transcriptions und französischen Esprit spürbar von Das Thema zeichnet sich durch einen sich gleichmäßig bewegenden Mittel- des Themas aus dem Anfangsteil verleiht den Arbeiten anderer Autoren ab. Eine ruhigen und besänftigten Charakter aus stimmen sowie einem chromatisch in die ihm den Charakter eines Rondos. Das Reihe von Artikeln des Komponisten und ist in einer schwierigen zweiteiligen Tiefe abgleitenden Bass. abschließende Aufgreifen des ersten galten der Analyse des Schaffens von Form mit einer Imitation im Mittelteil Themas erklingt romantisch wie eine F. Schubert, R. Schumann, F. Liszt und geschrieben worden. Die 4. Variation ist im ruhigen E-Dur Reminiszenz von längst Vergangenem, H. Berlioz. geschrieben worden, der ihr den wobei es sich nach und nach in einer Die 1. Variation entwickelt das Thema in Charakter eines sanften und ruhigen besinnlichen Stille auflöst. Die letzten Lebensjahre
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